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THE PANDEX

THE PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE

In accordance with its annual custom,
The Pandex of The Press publishes in this
number the full text of the President's
Message to Congress, it being the only one
of the standard periodicals to afford its
readers this privilege.

Much demand for the issue containing
the Message having arisen heretofore after
the issue has been exhausted it has been
arranged to reprint the text under a
separate cover for so many as may wish
to preserve it in that form.

Separate pamphlets containing the
Message, therefore, may be had by sending
TEN cents in stamps to the office of The
Pandex of The Press, 24 Clay Street, San
Francisco. The pamphlet will also contain
the best cartoons on the Message.

170010

THE PANDEX OF THE PRESS

Edited by Arthur I. Street

INDEX TO CONTENTS

Series II.

JANUARY, 1907

Vol. V, No. 1

<30VER — Standard Oil Inquiry — Adapted from
\he Cleveland Plain-Dealer.

FRONTISPIECE — The Handwriting on the
Wall — Chicago Tribune.

EDITORIAL — Rising above the State 1

ALL, ALONG THE LINE 11

Roosevelt Wouldn't Hear 11

Suits Against the Standard 12

Old Check on Harriman 14

Strikes Three Big Systems 14

Light on Coal Frauds 16

Caused the Fuel Famine 18

Light on Railway Dividends IS

Car Famine up for Inquiry 19

Indictments Hit Four Railroads 20

Grip of Lumber Trust ; 22

Trust in Gunpowder Next 22

Move on Smelter Company 23

After Turpentine Trust 23

Burn Tobacco Factories 23

TRANSFORMATION IN NEW YORK 24

CORRECTING A MISAPPREHENSION — Verse. 26

IN A NEW SPIRIT 27

Corporations Raise Wages 28

Pays Uncalled-for Taxes 28

Chicago Roads to Make Raise 28

Ryan Leaves Companies 29

Attacks Money Practices 30

Points to a Trust Curb 32

Wants Justice for Railways 32

Defense of Standard Oil 34

Wings Sprouting on John D 34

350,000 Workmen Needed 35

Labor Adopts Policy 35

From Napkins to Oatmeal 35

OWN THEIR OWN COLLIERIES 36

SONG OF THE PLOW — Verse 38

BROADER THAN NATIONALITY 39

Foreign Complexities Confronted 40

National Trade Hits Snags 40

Canada Balks at Mall 40

Offers a Tariff Sop 42

German Meat Duty Hurts 42

To Send Poor to United States 42

In a Diplomatic Duel 44

Coast Has a Solution 45

Asiatic Hordes Elsewhere 45

Hindoos Invade Canada 45

Trying to Make 111 Feeling 46

Japan Not after Java 47

Knows Japan's Defenses 4S

Complications with Mexico 4S

Problem Is World Vexatious 49

America Gets into the Congo 50

May Lose Big Colony 51

Move to Overthrow Sultan 51

Bet'ween Germany and Turkey 51

Russia in Shah's Kingdom 52

Austrian Succession a Problem 52

First School for Diplomats 54

A New Idea in Warfare 54

ELEMENTS OF GOVERNMENT 55

Plan for the Currency 55

Asks Power Against Trusts 56

Propose Federal Licenses 56

More Battleships Needed 57

Condition of the Finances 57

Anent the Money Stringency 5S

Tussles in Congress. The 60

Fight Against Child Labor 62

Tariff Revision after 1908 62

Revision of the Laws 63

THE HUMOR OF IT — Verse 64

SEEKING A SAFEGUARD 65

Plan for Great Sea Canal 65

Fifty Millions for Waterways 66

President Promises Aid 66

Hill Favors Gulf Canal 66

To Deepen Ohio River 67

Dream of Maritime Empire • • ■ ■ 68

President and Panama Canal 73

Shifts the Canal Heads 73

AWAY FROM ALL REBATES 75

Airships in Eery Home 75

Maxim Confirms the Hope 76

Professor Bell Also Optimistic 70

Santos-Dumont Resentful 78

France Builds War Fleet 79

British Are Alarmed 79

Woman Invents a Ship 80

VERSE S**

Old Sheep Wagon, The
Heartless Sheila Shea.

ON THE BASIS OP THE SOU, 81

Farmers' Loan Bill Passed 81

Epic of Farming-. An 82

They Make Railroads Rich 83

Weapon for War Time. A 83

New Variety of Alfalfa 83

Artificial Vegetables 84

Canning Industry. The 84

Wealth In the Prickly Pear 84

New Land of Corn Found 85

Cotton Clogs Its Road 86

Raise Chickens or Go 85

To Saw the Prairie Sod 86

Breeding a Setless Hen 88

PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE, POINTS FROM 90

PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE, IN FULL, 92

DRAMATIZING THE TIMES 114

Love. Labor, and Capital 114

Drama of Love and Politics 115

Gossip Costs Four Lives 116

Forgets Castellane Case 116

Rabbi Upholds a Play 117

Mud-rakes Medical Profession 118

Japanese Dream Play 118

Realism at Worst in Berlin 119

Courted by Mail Bight Years 120

Woman Lashed to Wheel 120

Chance Freed Him from Prison 122

Calls Love a Dream 122

New Marriage Solution 123

Still a Queen — of Dreams 124

PARENTS BECOME GYPSIES TO r-'HD

STOLEN DAUGHTER 126

A THANKSGIVING INQUIRY — Verse 129

NEED OF A DEEPER TONE 128

Religion Needed for Reform 129

Dawn of a New Religion 131

Storm about Mr.s. Eddy 131

Whistling Girl In Church 133

To Care for the Babies 134

Religion of the Occult 134

Objects to Thanksgiving 135

On the Trail of the Missionary 136

I.OVE IN THE CAR — Verse 140

FOR PREVENTING SUICIDE 140

I-AST COWBOY, THE 144

VERSE AND HUMOR 150

ERRATUMi — Thru an error In the making-up of
the December Pandex, the frontispieces failed to
receive credit from the New York Herald.

• PUBUSHED THE RRST OF EACH MONTH BY

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rilE I'ANDEX

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Give us an opportunity to train you thoroughly, and We
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PleaMe mention Tlie I*andex ivhen ivritlnu; to Adi'ertlNcrK.

Have You Entered

THE PANDEX • SCHOOL OF CURRENT
HISTORY AND JOURNALISM?

Conducted by ARTHUR I. STREET, Editor
"The Pandex of The Press"

The reception accorded the aii-
A iiouiicement of the founding of

Successful TlIK PANDKX SCHOOL OP
Opening. CURRENT HISTORY AND
JOURNALISM has surpassed
the most hopeful expectations of all persons as-
sociated with its organization.

Apparently it has met a popular need and
is to become even a broader and more useful in-
stitution tiian its originatoi's had dared to hope
that it would be.

Applications for matriculation have been re-
ceived from all parts of the country and from
all classes of people — a fact which the directors
take to indicate the extent of the public interest
in the modern press and its high social function
quite as much as it does the interest of the ap-
|)licants in their individual opportunities in con-
nection with the pi'ess.

THE PANDEX SCHOOL OF
Need for CURRENT HISTORY AND
Such a JOURNALISM is founded for

School. the pui-pose of developing, as

far as possible, the same scien-
lilic basis and inijiarting the same scientific per-
sonal training for the profession which it repre-
sents that have long since obtained in other pro-
fessions; and it is, thei'efore, peculiarly gratify-
ing to its originators to discover so widespread
an interest in the School's undertaking.

Journalism, undoubtedly, is the most powerfid
single factor in modern public life, and the sys-
tematic study of its far-reaching elements, be-
comes, for this reason, one of the most important
phases of popular education, albeit thus far one
of the most neglected phases. As the number,
scope, and variety of publications thruout the
world are more likely to increase than diminish
in the future, the demand for intelligent work-
ers and leaders must increase proportionately;

and, unless there is some adequate pi(i\ision
made to furnish the material, the standard of
.journalism will not advance in accordance with
the advance in the other standai'ds of current
life.

Hitherto the e<iuipment lor the
Filling .journalistic career in America

an has consisted chiefly of ex-

Empty Gap. perience, taken how and where
it could be found — an excellent
school, and indispensable. But there has been
comparatively little, if any, effort to. formulate
the experience, or to establish pi'inciples and
teachings by which the acquirements of the pres-
ent (lay could be preserved and utilized for
pedagogic purposes.

Unless THE PANDEX SCHOOL misunder-
stands it.self, its function will be the bridging
of this gap. Its founders, thru many years of
training and a method of study conducted and
tested in all parts of the world, have elaborated
a comprehensive and exhaustive system, which
can be applied to all stages of the profession,
from the rudiments to the most advanced levels.
And all the benefits of this system are offered
free to those who enroll • them.selves in the
School in the manner already announced.

The courses open January 1st, simultaneously
with the issuing of this edition of THE PAN-
DEX. All that is necessary to secure enrollment
is that the applicant should be a sub.scriber to
THE PANDEX OF THE PRESS.

The applicant should sign his name to the
following blank, and forward the same to THE
PANDEX SCHOOL OF CURRENT HISTORY
AND JOURNALISM, 24 Clay Street, San Fran-
cisco.

If not already a subscriber, the applicant
should enclose One Dollar and Fifty Cents with
the blank, to cover one year's subscription.

THE PANDEX

Upon receipt of the blank, matriculation card
will be forwarded and the applicant duly en-
tered for the regular course of instruction.

Copy of the first announcement of the School,
as made in the December PANDEX, will be sent
to all who so request.

Note: — Thru a most regrettable circumstance, it has been found neces-
sary to substitute another name for that of Mr. W. C. Morrow on the
staff of the School. Negotiations are now pending whereby it is expected
to associate with the School in Mr. Morrow's stead, a man of much dis-
tinction in the Eastern journalistic field, who has affiliated with Mr. Street
in several of the most important phases of his PANDEX work and who
has a national reputation for successful encouragement and culture of
journalistic talent.

APPLICATION FOR ADMISSION

TO THE .

Pandex School of Current History and Journalism

Name

Address,

Scratch

OUT
ONE LINE

STATEMENT: I am already a subscriber for the PANDEX
ORDER: Herewith find my subscription for the PANDEX

for the period of_

^months, during which I wish to become a student of the

PANDEX SCHOOL OF CURRENT HISTORY AND JOURNALISM.

Sig;ned_

THE PANDEX

The Moving Finger writes: and having writ,
Moves on; nor all your Piety nor Wit
Shall lure it back to cancel half a Line,
Nor all your Tears wash out a Word of it.

— Omar Khayyam.
—Adapted from Spokane Spokesman-Review.

amspiipss

THE HANDWRITING ON THE WALL.

-Chicago Tribune.

THE PANDEX OF THE PRESS.

JANUARY, 1907

Series II

Vol. V No. 1

Rising Above the State?

A Rebuke

from a

President

How important it is that the
T^nited States should be at
a point where some fixed
policy and some fixed social
trend may be considered as "Accepted"
(see editorial in December Pandex)- becomes
iipparent when such a crisis develops as has
been created by President Roosevelt's mes-
sage on the Japanese question. Not the
crisis in the relations with Japan, for o!^
that there may be none; but the crisis in
the relations of the nation with itself.

When a President so popular as Mr. Roose-
velt and so completely in the common con-
fidence finds that local conditions in any one
section of the country Bierit the threat of
Federal intervention, it is time, indeed, that
there should be some unity not subject to
electoral change, ;^ome overwhelming na-
tional sentimeiit that will survive the con-
troversial turmoil of State Rights.

For, after all, State Rights constitute but
an enlarged phage; of individual rights; and,
in these .days when the American possessions
reach out into the far seas and American
influence dominates in the councils of most
of the leading powers of the world, it is vital
that the State, as well as the man, should

be of as large, altruistic, and unrestricted
grasp as possible.

Altered
Individual
Standards

Alreadj-, whether it be in
contravention of the under-
lying principles of a demo-
cratic form of government
or not, we have grown to the stage wherein
the purely selfish administration of one's
personal life and labors is no longer possible.

SAN FRANCISCO:
'Just Wait Till I Get You Outside!"

— St. Louis Globe-Democrat.

THE PANDEX

AFTER THE MESSAGE.
If somebody is asked to be President of the
world in the next few years, the Japanese, after
failing to elect the Mikado, ought to vote for
Roosevelt. — Chicago New.s

The very mass and intricacy of the social
organization forbids it. And, altho it be
true that the founders of the nation came to
its soil to escape the severities and exactions
of a too centralized state and ehareh. cen-
tralization has again been attained, and the
shadow of government control stands over
the w^ork and deeds of every citizen. To say
to men of trade and finance that they can
no longer hide their aims and ways behind
the traditional privileges of what is an in-
dividual's "own business" may grate
harshly upon the spirit which has thus far
been the principal impulse and component
of American prosperity; but the possibility
of further national progress under any other
rule is probably removed forever.

Business success under the moral of sauve
qui pent has led too frequently to the son,
of crafty and astute iniquity which is being
exhibited to public gaze by the Grand Jury
inquiries in San Francisco or by the recent
gambling exposures in New York. It has
erected too stoutly the domineering com-
mercialism of trusts and monopolies. It has
written too long a tale of the subordination
of labor, of constantly increasing costs of
living, of ruthless fuel shortages at the open-
ing of winter, of- such inhuman grinding and
ruin as followed in the wake of the coal land
thefts in Utah, Colorado, and Wyoming.

them.

And these things public con-
science no longer approves,
because public convenience
can no longer survive under
Their restraint and regulation have

Conscience

and
Convenience.

become both imperative and unavoidable.
Were this not true, the corporations would
never have permitted either the nomination
or the election of Mr. Hughes, who so merci-
lessly exposed them in the insurance investi-
gation ; the agricultural vote would not have
defeated Congressman Wadsworth who an-
tagonized the meat inspection bills; Stand-
ard Oil would have succeeded in overthrow-
ing Governor Hoch in Kansas ; and Missouri
would have remained 'pat' in the Republican
column as a rebuke to the courage and honor
of Governor Folk.

With such colossal interests at stake as
are now represented in the Union-Pacific and
its limitless chain of affiliations (including
lately the Illinois Central and, presumably,
the Baltimore and Ohio), nothing but the
most unescapable of conditions and circum-
stances would lead- Mr. Harriman and his
associates to accept or approve in the
smallest particle an Administration which
purposes to take away from private control
the remaining coal lands, or which threatens
with further relentless prosecution the men
who have gained possession of coal and tim-
ber lands by methods which once were not
regarded with disapprobation.

With the ceaseless new interlacing of the

Design for new police uniform (suggested by
the recent anti-vice crusade in St. Louis and else-
where).

— St. Louis Globe-Democrat.

THE PANDEX

various lines of trade under the control of toward the three-cent fare ; or in the scotch-

a limited few, so that the trail of the Stand- ing of Mr. Bailey in Texas because he "bor-

ard Oil appears in everything from petro- rowed money" from the Waters-Pierce Oil

leum to wheat and from the manufacture of Company in ostensible return for political

alcohol to the operation of trolley lines in favors.

POOR LITTLE CHAP I

Always Forgotten.

— Chicago News.

so small a town as Martinez in California,
il is not likely that anything but helpless
submission to the trend of the times would
be driving the sponsors of this interlacing to
the acceptance of such Berious commercial
consequences as are involved in the persist-
ent policies of Dr. Wiley and his cleansing
of food and standardizing of labels ; or in
the steady progress of the city of Cleveland

Influential Men
Change Their
Standpoints

Probably few remaining men
of consequence, either com-
mercially or politically, fail
to realize that the order of
things is irrevocably changed; and that,
where formerly both ingenuity and defiance
were employed to evade or overpower the
wish of the community, the stress of persua-
sion and the force of prestige can better be

THE P AND EX

exerted for the euds that favor the many
^s well as the few, for the achievements
.^•hich will bring honor as well as wealth.

Men like Mr! Hill, the father of the North- '
em Securities Company, turn from the mak-
ing of unlawful mergers to the advocacy of
iiavi*gable waterways from Chicago to New
Orleans. Men like Mr. Ilarriman attend a
Transmississippi Congress and endeavor to
prove themselves at one in opinion and i)ur-
ipose with Secretary Root of the President's
ijeebinet. Even Mr. Rockefeller alters tactics
.'and receives the subpena of a deputy
-jUnited States marshal with the grace of a
'iiost in his drawing room; while Corporation
;*Counsel Lewis, of Chicago, implacable enemy
j)of corporations tho he is supposed to be,
ieiieQunteri*'no obstacles'- in proving, for the
purposes of taxation, that a single factor
lies behind the proposed consolidation of a}l
the light, power, transit, and terminal facili-
ties in the ^indy City.

New Line of

Political
Controversy

To be sure, the mental
process involved in such a
transformation can hai'dly
be said to have been worked
out in full, but nevertheless it is indubitably
true that the wealthy man, as well as the
average man, has begun to realize -that all
forms of business occupation, trade, 'or pro-
fession must hereafter be administered quite
a>: much in the interest of the community
as in the interest of the individual. And the
public controversy henceforth is likely to be
much more as to the manner and degree of
adjustment than as to the question of
whether there .should be any adjustment- at
all.

Railroads, for instance, not only accept,
but find themselves unexpectedly pleased
with the interstate commerce laws passed at
the last Congress. Beef-packers already
clamor for more of the inspection which so
recently they spurned, because they have
found that, without the Federal seal upon
their goods, they are again the victims of
European exclusion. A shortage of cars,
which but a brief while ago the railroads
would have deemed it an impertinence upon
the part of the Government to look into,

officials of all lines seem now glad enough to
pass up to the consideration of the public's
board of railroad directors, the Interstate
Commerce Commissioners, apparently con-
■ vinced that the diffiduftres and problems
concerned are so conyilex'and so extensive
that, without popular -aids the solution of
them nuist bo iiidelinitely despaired of.

„ ,, 'Again, the big shipper, de-

No More . ,' , n ., ■ , . 4.

_ ,.„ prived by law or the right to

Indifference to ^ . , ■ „

Law Evasion special; transportation favor
upon which, in many in-
sianees^ he has risen to a thrift altogether
inordinate and-unrighteous, finds, with satis-
faction, that his own j^leas' may be taken to
the same court of popular appeal as are the
pleas of the corporation or of the small
shipper. And, mollifietl by the assurance of
a better justice than he has Jjefore been' able
to expect, he withdraws. ' in proportionate
<'.egree from the mercantile world the com-
plaisant indift'erence to law evasion, upon
which have rested numy of the inequities
oT the past and out ol which have grown,
ultimately, the spirit of^graft and the count-
less phases of petty thievery and extortion
which are familiar to e^ery community.

The idea of attaining special
Disappearance „ ... ,

ravor in business, as has

„ • , -n been necessary heretofore.

Special Favor < . •' '

thus begins to go into re-
jected history along with the idea of special
iavor in Federal polities which President
Roosevelt long since drc^e out of Washing-
ton. Men begin to realize that it is as un-
just to seek to buy in trade by the coercion
of money what in the fairness of open bar-
gain would be denied them as it is to gain
in legislation by the trickery of the lobby or
the play of the "long green."

So, too, the labor unions, moved by the
Icnowledge that the Federal Government is
aiding them in their contention for an eight-
hour day, and feeling secure in the con-
sciousness that when an anthracite or a
bituminous coal strike seems unavoidable,
there is a disinterested chief executive or a
fair-minded national committee (now about
to be re-enforced by the President's applica-

THE PANDEX

WHERE OVERCROWDING MIGHT BE JUSTIFIED.

Design for Special Cell to Be Occupied by L ocal Traction Magnates Responsible for Fatal

Accidents.

— Chicaao News.

THE PA NDEX

tion of the funds of the Nobel peace prize)
to whom arbitration may safely be referred,
come to have little hesitation in clearing
their own consciences of the blunders and
crimes of a teamsters' strike in Chicago;
and they look forward hopefully to the pos-
sibilities that lie before them of electing
their own men to Congress or of constituting
their own factions within the legislatures of
the various states.

Thus, in all classes, the conception of in-
dividual occupation is widely and liberally
expanding. The laboring man moves steadily
forward to the point where his progress will
seem better even to him if bereft of the
malice and envy by which he has justified
the regime of a Ruef; and to where there
need be no reddened passions attempting to
elect a governor in the Empire or any other
state. The corporations, released from the
pressure of a perjured system of special
privilege and robbery, which extends from
the poor devil who is used by coal and tim-
ber embezzlers to file fraudulent claims on
government lands to the influential merchant
who asks reduced rates because of the mag-
nitude of his patronage, begin to be able to
heed the equities of wages, to remember that
the yearning for better homes, better dress,
more travel and more pleasure is as apt to
grow among the workmen and their families
as it is among the employers and managers,
and to exercise their philanthropic instincts
to prevent the need of philanthropy as well
as to rectify ills which once have come into
being.

Following

a New

Purpose

Instead of giving their ab-
sorbing heed to the making
of money, the successful men
are learning to shift to the
making of society. They realize that exactly
in proportion to the ability they or their
forbears have exhibited in amassing indus-
trial and financial thrift is the responsibility
for further directing, administering, and
improving social conditions. Henceforth,
probably, more and more will men like Mr.
Low, of New York, discover the civic value
of remitting unpaid taxes, even tho no de-
mand is made for the same by public ofificials.

More and more will men like Mr. Rudolph
Spreckles, of San Francisco, even tho said
to be piqued into it in the first instance by
financial animosity, find the gratification and
perhaps the thrill that comes of standing
sponsor for the clearing out of a city's rot-
tenness and the preparation of a community
for adequate building up to its naturally
distinguished and noble destiny.

And, if this evolution transpires, we shall
be gravitating rapidly toward that desirable
era wherein, as in the older countries of
Europe, it is as usual to see the conscientious
man of wealth in the national parliament as
it is to see the poorer patriot whose very
poverty tempts both him and his betrayer to
the treason of bad legislation. We shall in
reality be going back to where the Republic
was at its beginning, when Washington, as
the nation's chief, was one of its richest
landed proprietors and at the same time its
most trusted patriot; or to the days of the
Civil War when Jay Cooke, as the nation's
financial agent, was at the same time one of
the nation's most unselfish upholders. Or,
we are moving forward to where, as in En-
gland, we shall have a Burns for a member
in the Federal Cabinet, as we already have
an E. E. Clark in the Interstate Commerce
Commission; or to where, as in Germany, a
Bebel will be a leader on the floor of the
Parliament; or to where, as in France, the
Socialistic and Labor influence has been
making and unmaking ministries for more
than a decade.

Getting

Rid of

Commercialism

In other words, we shall
reach the stage where we
shall be divested of this
"commercialism," which has
been mocked at and derided by the observers
in Europe ever since the days of Charles
Dickens, and which but lately caused the
great Russian novelist to write of New York
as a mere show place of gold and golden
vanity. Leader and common people alike,
we shall be able to lift our eyes above the
vision of the counting table ; we shall be able
once more to shape up the larger ideals of
statecraft, the forecasts of which are already
being felt in the return of the country at

THE PANDEX

LONG-RANGE SNAPSHOT FROM LINCOLN, NEB.

CREAK FROM THE DREDGE— "Huh! I
now, of course, he's 'the man behind the shovel!'

large to an era of public speech and oratory.
Our cities, our commonwealths, our Federal
Union we shall be able to imbue with prin-
ciples that reach far out beyond local
bounds, preparing each for more intimate
participation in the other and the Union for
wiser and stronger sharing in the union of
nations.

In the Event

of Public

Ownership

If, therefore, in the shaping
of our destinies, it be muni-
cipal ownership that we are
to go into, we shall not find
before us the crossings and obstacles and
disheartenments that have stood in the way
of Chicago's efforts to acquire her street

've been digging up this stuff for years, and

- — Chicago News.

railways, or the corruption and selfishness
that have threatened to render abortive the
desire of San Francisco to provide herself
with her own water supply. If it is to be
state ownership that we are to go into, we
shall be qualified to escape the pitfalls that
buried the proposal of Kansas to have her
own oil refinery, or the barbed fences that have
rendered difficult the functions of many state
railroad commissions. Or, if it is to be gov-
ernment ownership, sheer and outright, with
all its enormous magnitude !»nd all its de-
fiance of the impracticable, we shall have
men who will have the same pride in success-
ful management that the Harrimans or the
Rogerses or the Armours or the Camcies

THE P A N D E X

now have in what has been done under the
opposite law of individual supremacy.

Or if, on the far contrary, we are to have
none- of these radical advances, but are to
abide within the custom and form by which
we have lived thru one hundred , and thirty
years of republican entity, nevertheless we

will have been trained to that edge where,
tho every shop might have to be "open"
and every port free to the entrance of every
race, such a condition of indulgence and
laisscz faire might cheerfully and welcomely
be indulged for the sake of the greater gain
io be thus acquired and the greater contribu-

DOING OLD ATLAS OUT OF HIS JOB.

-Detroit News Tiibuno.

shall have the men who will have been edu-
cated up to the same enlarged and highly
visualized standards, the same spreading
and loftier conceptions of social life and
function that lift the cities out of their city-
hood, the states out of their statehood, and
the nation into the great plane of inter-
national courtesy and federation.

Where a city, such as San Francisco, is
not only in great strife but also in the heart-
breaking throes of a catastrophe's after-
math, both moneyed man and workingman

t\on thus to be rendered to the future good
of all cities and peoples.

Value of
National
Council

Where a state, such as
Georgia, in common with
many of its sisters of the
south, falls under the agony
of a negro problem, both white men and
black will have been led to the conviction
that there is probably a larger efficacy, in
calling the councils of the nation into con-
ference than in driying at solution with the

T HE P A N D E X

H
Q

U
M

M
Q
H
M

l-l
Q

THE PANDEX

impetuosity of a Tillman or the bigotry of
a Vardaman.

Where an entire continental slope, such as
that which trims the Pacific from Nome to
San Diego, is in urgent quest of the trade of
an awakening and enlivening Orient, the
merchant and the editor will have discovered
that there is a commerce of race as well as
of coin, and that where goods eased in pine
and goods cased in bamboo mingle in one
invoice, it may be better to give common
education to the children who dress in
trousers and those who wear the sam, and
to lend, in this as in other respects, the same
dignity of consideration from nation to
nation that each by itself thinks it deserves.

Where a nation such as the United States,
from shore to shore and boundary to bound-
ary, finds the impact of both social and mer-
cantile exchange hardened and irritated by
the aspersities of a high and prohibitive
tariif, the statesmen and the common voters
alike will be ready to give ever greater en-
couragement to the "intermediate tariffs"

offered by a friendly neighl»or on the north
or to the meat concessions of an admiring
monarchy across the Atlantic, or the petro-
leum relief proffered by a land of dreams
and art which already has led the way into
an international institute of agriculture.

Thus, from the lowest rung

„ , to the highest, will there
Toward „

Internationalism <^*^^«1°P ^"PP°^t *°^ ^hat
phase of an able, daring,

and earnest Chief Executive's policy which
surmounts current conditions and looks
away into a progressive and pioneering
future. Thus will there be internally and
externally, within nation, state and city, the
unity of leavening principle which, in the
final analysis, is the probable end toward
which President Roosevelt's messages
"preach," and which rises superior to all
Japanese school questions, as it does to those
of railroad regulation, of corporation pub-
licity, of Panama Canal construction, and of
labor adjudication.

THE OCTOPUS— "This Begins to Look Serious."

— Deti-oit .Toiirnal.

THE PANDEX

UKCLE SAM— "It's your move, Mr. Rockef eUer. ' '

— Spokane Spokesman-Revi«w.

AH Along the Line

FEDERAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS MOVE UP SHARPLY AGAINST

ALL TRUST VIOLATIONS.— STANDARD OIL, HILL AND HAR-

RIMAN AND OTHER BIG CORPORATIONS ARE

STRONGLY ASSISTED BY THE COURTS

WHETHER or not the controversy over
the schools in San Francisco eventu
ally forces the United States into unpleasant
relations with Japan, the movement within
the American nation which makes for the "
purification of its trade and the re-standardiz-
ation of its morals continues with promising
persistence. The President, who was re-
sponsible in the main for its initiation, re-
mains the guiding and impelling impulse,
and one by one the factors which have been
most strenuously opposed to him acknow-
ledge the virtue of his program. His war-
fare at length has touched the most strongly
intrenched of the corrupt business elements,

and there is scarcely an institution amen-
able to prosecution that is not subject to
some manner of official attack. If there is
to be an ultimate recasting of commercial
principles, it is evident that the time of its
final acknowledgment is not far removed.

ROOSEVELT WOULDN'T HEAR

Standard Oil Men Tried to Prevent the Govern-
ment's Prosecution.

That the new movement has indeed pene-
tiated into the most powerful of modern
organizations is evident from the following
from the Kansas City Times:

Washington. — The suit filed by the attorney
general against the Standard Oil Company in the

.12

THE PANDEX

federal court at St. Louis is the beginning of a
'legal contest that is to be one of the great eiforts
of President Roosevelt's administration. The
trust has exerted its utmost influence to forestall

'the government's action. Those most active and
prominent in its councils })ersoually have argued
the matter with President Roosevelt. Henry H.
Rogers and John 1). Archbold came to Washing-
ton and spent hours at the White House, but
every move they have made has only served to
strengthen the determination of the president to
take action.

The suit filed in no way involves a criminal
prosecution. Such action is reserved for further
consideration by the Department of Justice. In

•the statement issued by Attorney General Moody
regarding the suit he does not refer to the possi-
bility of a criminal action. . It is known, ho\y-
ever, that the administration will stop at nothing
it can hope to achieve in its plans to put the
Standard out of business as a monopoly.

SUITS AGAINST THE STANDARD

Federal Government Fines Would Wipe Out
Company's Capital Stock.

The comprehensiveness and the relentless-
ness of the Federal prosecution is manifest
in the following from the correspondence of
"Raymond" in the Chicago Tribune:

Washington, D. C— If the United States should
win all of its cases of alleged rebating now pend-
ing in the court, and the maximum fine should be
imposed on each count of each indictment it
would wijje out the entire capital stock of the
Standard Oil Company.

It is too much to expect that courts and juries
would sustain every count of every indictment,
but it is not too much to expect that enough of
these counts shall be established according to
law, and that enough fines shall be imposed to
make the Standard Oil Company, great though it
is, howl for mercy.

These rebate suits are entirely independent of
the proceedings instituted at St. Louis which
seek to dissolve the great Standard Oil system
itself. The rebate suits proceed upon indict-
ments, and the corporation is charged with being
guilty of a misdemeanor in accepting secret fa-
vors from railroads. If found guilty each misde-
meanor is punishable by a fine of from $1000 to
$20,000.

Taking advantage of this fact, the government,
through the Department of Justice, has endeav-
ored to collect evidence to establish thousands of
different cases, eaeh a separate misdemeanor and
each punishable on its own account.

The plan of campaign has been carefully
studied out, evidence has been piled up in the
offices of the different district attorneys, and
there is ground for the belief that enough heavy
fines can be imposed to cripple the financial end
of the Standard Oil Company for a little while, at ■
least.

Everybody can see that a great system like the
Standard, which is not only capitalized for $110,-
000,000 but which has properties of its own
amounting to many times that sum, would not
care much for an odd fine of $20,000 now and
then. It would be a mere pin prick. It could be
made, up by a fraction of a cent added to the
price of oil in some territory, and in many cases
the maximum fine for an individual offense would
not begin to equal the actual profit to the Stand-
ard from that particular secret rate of which
that misdemeanor was but a type.-

No Danger of Prison.

When Senator Elkins secured the passage of
his rebate act he slipped through a provision
which eliminated the imnishnient of imprison-
ment, so that neither tlie heads of the Standard
Oil Company nor their agents nor clerks stood in
the slightest danger, of getting behind the bai's
in spite of repeated violations of the law.

The heavy fine was substituted for imprison-
ment and the Standard Oil Company, the steel,
coal, and other trusts went on receiving and de-
manding rebates in the belief that they could not
be reached except for individual instances where
the fine would not be more than a mere fraction
of the total financial benefit to be gained by the
violation of the law.

A slight experience convinced everybody that
the elimination of imprisonment was a great mis-
take in the enactment of the Elkins law, and that
it was probably done at the instance of the
Standard Oil and other great combinations. Im-
piisomnent as a punisliment for rebate was re-
enacted by the new railroad rate law, but of
course it does not cover any offenses before that
law went into effect.

Rogers Laughs No More.

For a time H. H. Rogers and his associates in
the great system had the laugh on the govern-
ment. They knew they could be convicted of
some rebates here and there, but fines had no ter-
rors for them. They did not realize, however,
that every time a separate shipment of oil left
Whiting for Evansville or East St. Louis under
a secret rate in defiance of law a separate offense
against the people of the United States was com-
mitted.

Shrewd as these men were they had forgotten
this, or else they did not think the government
would be honest enough to take advantage of the
situation. But President Roosevelt, Attorney
General Moody, and their subordinates have in-
stituted a series of prosecutions under the crimi-
nal section of the Elkins law,- the like of which
probably has never been seen in this or any other
country. Indictment has been piled on indict-
ment, and each has been fortified by instance
after instance of the illegal practice, each form-
ing a separate count of the indictment, and each
creating a separate liability to the maximum fine.

This has been a distinct plan of campaign on
the part of the government, and so it comes, as I
stated in the beginning, that if the suits insti-
tuted this fall are successfully carried to the end,
and the maximum penalty on each count is in-

THE PANDEX

flicted, the capital stock of the Standard Oil
Company and its reserve will be wiped out of
existence, and there will be an additional liability
of $50,000,000 or so, for the stockholders — Rocke-
feller, Rogers, and the rest of them— to make
good.

These suits have been filed in the northern dis-
trict of Illinois at Chicago, in the western dis-
trict of Tennessee, and in the western district of
New York, in which places it has been found a
simple matter to secure the strongest kind of evi-
dence. Taking the total number of counts al-
leged in each indictment, it is possible to make
up a striking table of the maximum and minimum
fines, as follows:

Minimum Maximum
fine. fine.

Illinois $6,428,000 $128,560,000

Tennessee 1,524,000 30,480,000

New York 146,000 2,920,000

$8,098,000 $181,960,000

OLD CHECK ON HARBIMAN

U. S. Finds a Provision for Attacking His Bail-
way Mergers.

Intimately affiliated with the Standard Oil
is the extensive railroad system controlled,
or said to be controlled, by Edward H. Har-
riman. That something is vulnerable here,
too, from the national point of view, is shown
in the following from the Chicago Inter-
Oeean :

Washington D. C. — In the sweeping investiga-
tion that the Interstate Commerce Commission is
making into the affairs of the Union Pacific
merger with the Illinois Central, B. & 0., and
other Harriman properties, the original federal
charter of the Union Pacific has been carefully
studied and it has been discovered that the gov-
ernment has a grip on the situation entirely dis-
tinct from the powers conferred on the Commis-
sion by the new rate law.

The act of Congress chartering the Union Pa-
cific provides: "That whenever it appears that
the net earnings of the entire railroad and tele-
graph, including the amount allowed for services
rendered for the United States after deducting
all expenses, including repairs and the furnish-
ing, running, and managing of said road, shall
exceed ten per centum upon its cost, exclusive of
the five per centum to be paid to the United
States, Congress may reduce the fare thereon if
unreasonable in amount, and may fix and estab-
lish the same rate by law. ' '

Provisions Still in Effect.

When a reorganization of the system was ef-
fected some years ago the government waived
its five per centum share in the earnings of the
road, but, it is claimed by the experts who have
studied the charter, that the remaining provisions

of the law still stand and are in full effect. As the
cost of the property and not the capitalization
made the basis of the computation of the earning
capacity, it is claimed that the road has long
passed the point where the government's regu-
lating powers become effective.

Under the new rate law a complaint is needed
before an action for the change of rates becomes
a matter for the Commission to investigate. In
the light of the charter provision this will not be
necessary in the case of the Union Pacific, though
as a matter of fact the Interstate Commission can
conduct any investigation it sees fit, involving
the operation and manipulation of railroad prop-
erties. As generally understood, the investigation
now going on in regard to the Harriman lines is
for the use of the attorney general in basing a
suit on the same lines as the Northern Securities

STRIKES THREE BIG SYSTEMS

Hill Beads Fall Under the Ban of the Anti-Trust
Proceedings.

An interest to which Mr. Harriman and
his associates were at one time attached, but
which is said to have reverted to its original
sponsors, is assailed in the same manner that
Mr. Harriman 's mergers are assailed. Said
John Callan O'Laughlin in the Chicago
Tribune :

Washington, D. C. — An investigation of the
three great railroad systems of the country — the
Union Pacific, the Great Northern, and the
Northern Pacific — has been begun by the Inter-
state Commerce Commission.

The Union Pacific inquiry, or to give it the
title used by the Commission, the "Harriman
situation," arises through an alleged combina-
tion in restraint of trade and commerce of the
Union Pacific, the Oregon Short Line, the Oregon
Railway and Navigation Company, the Southern
Pacific and affiliated lines, and the Illinois Cen-
tral.

The Great Northern and Northern Pacific in-
quiry is for the purpose of ascertaining if these
roads are observing the decree of the Supreme
Court, which dissolved the Northern Securities
Company, a holding corporation which had com-
bined them, and if, as alleged, they are suppress-
ing competition by an agreed-on rate, and are
under common operation.

Although the Commission has been considering
the advisability of instituting these investigations
for some time, and the Great Northern and
Northern Pacific investigation actually has been
in progress for nearly two weeks, it was Presi-
dent Roosevelt who directed that they be begun
with as little delay as the other business before
the Commission permitted. Indeed, the presi-
dent has stated he had more complaints against
the Union Pacific than against any railroad sys-
tem in the country, not only in the form of writ-

THE P A N D E X

UNASSAILABLE.

— St. Louis Republic.

THE P AND EX

ten communieatioii, but by way of personal rep-
resentatives.

These complaints have extended over months
and have charged that the Union Pacific and the
Oregon Short liine had absolutely killed compe-
tition so far as the Southern Pacific was con-
cerned, and that the Oregon Short Line controls
the Oregon Eailway and Navigation Company
and has a majority of the stock of the Southern
Pacific, electing the governing board of the latter
line. It has been claimed that the two roads have
a common operating agent and a common traffic
manager. The effect has been to keep up rates
and to enforce harmful measures, from which
shippers on and between the two lines have no
redress.

A statement issued by the Interstate Commei-ce
Commission this afternoon ainiounces that an in-
vestigation is to be made "into the relations be-
tween the Union Pacific and Southern Pacific
railroad systems growing out of their common
management and control."

The Commission has selected Frank B. Kel-
logg, who was one of the government's counsel
in the Standard Oil prosecution, and his partner,
C. A. Severance. Their investigation, according
to a decision just reached, will extend from
New York to San Francisco.

LIGHT ON COAL FRAUDS

Existence of Ring to Steal Fuel Tracts in Utah,
Colorado, and Wyoming is Proved.

One of the most potential factors in the
building up of the great railroad systems
out of which Harriman and Hill have been
evolved has been, of course, the western coal
supply. How this has been handled, and
how the handling of it is being haled into
court, are told in part in the following by
"Raymond" in the Chicago Tribune:

Washington, D. C. — There will be plenty of
time between now and March 4, when he retires
from the Interior Department, for Secretary
Hitchcock to throw a flood of light upon the
operation.s of the corrupt ring which has been
stealing coal lands in Wyoming and other western
states from the government in the interest of the
various railroad corporations.

The facts developed by the Interstate Com-
merce Commission and by the investigation
which has been going on here under the personal
supervision of Secretary Hitchcock have estab-
lished the existence of the frauds beyond the
shadow of a doubt. The railroads employed
"dummies" to enter these lands, and one ques-
tion before the Department now is to fix the re-
sponsibility, because it is manifest that these
frauds could not have been committed in this
particular way without collusion on the part of
a whole string of government officials.

The present indications are that the clews

originally developed in Wyoming, Colorado, and
Utah lead more or less directly into the general
land office in Washington. Mr. Binger Hermann,
of Oregon, now a member of Congress from that
state, is to be tried next month for acts he is
alleged to have committed as a commissioner-
general of the Land Office. He resigned from
that office, and his alleged malfeasances were
developed afterwards, and, in fact, after he was
elected congressman.

Richards Asked to Explain.

Commissioner Hermann was succeeded in
charge of the General Land Office by W. A. Rich-
ards. He received his appointment through the
influence of Senator Warren, to whose state Mr.
Richards was credited. The present commis-
sioner sent in his resignation some time ago, but
since then he has been called upon for a report
in regard to certain gross irregularities in the
West. Until that report is approved it may be
a matter of uncertainty whether the acceptance
of his resignation may not be recalled, and Mr.
Richards forced to appear before the secretary
of the interior to answer to the charge of inter-
fering with the orderly conduct of ])ublic
business.

The secretary of the interior is anxious that
the entire matter should be cleared up before
Mr. Richards retires from the Land Department,
and this seems to be more necessary because
there are no criminal charges against him what-
soever, but there are serious allegations that he
has allowed personal influences to interfere with
the proper conduct of his bureau, and that he
has paid more attention to the personal influence
of Senator Warren than to the positive ordera
of the secretary of the interior himself.

Frauds Beyond Question.

There is, of course, no question as to the ex-
tent of the frauds and the criminality of the men
who perpetrated them upon the government. In
the affidavit made by Special Agent Myendorff
and the testimony submitted by him to the Inter-
state Commerce Commission at Salt Lake recently
it was alleged specifically that Senator Warren
tried to induce him to drop the investigation
of the Union Pacific and its connection with the
coal-land frauds. It also was asserted that the
General Land Office in Washington had for years
refused to listen to his report, hampered him in
every way possible, and finally had transferred
him.

The witness went on to say that Senator War-
ren had copies of his confidential reports to the
secretary of the interior and had used these in
an effort to compel him to stop his investigations
so as not to interfere with the re-election of Sen-
ator Clark.

It was also alleged that George F. Pollock,
chief of one of the bureaus of the Interior De-
partment, advised him to destroy four affidavits
which he had obtained against the Union Pacific
Railway Company.

Pollock Denies Charges.
Senators Warren and Clark are both away

THE P A N D E X

THE WOLF CHASE.

St. Louis Republic.

THE PA NDEX

from Washington. The commissioner-general of
the Land Office declined to see anybody at all in
regard to these charges. He is still at work on
the report which Secretary Hitchcock demanded
of him some time ago. Chief Clerk Pollock said
emphatically that he never saw and never was
informed of any affidavits from Mr. Meyendorff
or anybody else which did not in regular course
become and remain a part of the records of his
office. He says emphatically that he has never in
any way aided or countenanced the failure to
prosecute the land frauds in Wyoming or any
other state.

The inclusion of Mr. Pollock in the charges
made at Salt Lake City is particularly important
because he was being pressed as successor to
Commissioner Richards. The publication of
these charges, of course, will prevent his consid-
eration for that place by the president. He was
urged by Mr. Richards himself and by Senator
Warren, it is understood.

CAUSED THE FUEL FAMINE

Shortage in Coal Results From the Thefts by
the Railroad Monopolists.

A consequence of the coal crimes, and
something which in itself is likely to call
for the same examination and correction
tliat other questionable institutions are re-
ceiving, is reflected in the following from
the Chicago Record-Herald:

Salt Lake City, Utah. — Owing largely to the
monopoly which has been built up by fraud, per-
jury, and wholesale stealings in the vast coal
fields of the West, the entire country this side of
the Missouri River is in the grip of the greatest
fuel famine ever experienced.

So extensive and general has become the short-
age in the coal supply that industries are being
crippled, manufacturing paralyzed, mines and
smelters closed, the business of the farm and of
the cities seriously retarded, and even life in the
homes of the people is being threatened. The
coal producers and the transportation companies
are totally unable to cope with the situation,
although they are bending every energy to re-
lieve the urgent necessity of the people.

The shortage in coal — due partially to the
fruits of the greed and monopoly — grows daily
and has become alarming. So inadequate is the
present supply of coal to meet the demand that
in this city there is not a single coal firm which
will guarantee the delivery of a single ton of
coal to the home of a consumer under fourteen
days.

Storm to Mean Disaster.

The business of this city and of every large
center almost from the Canadian border to the
Rio Grande and from the Missouri River to the
Pacific Coast is running on one or two days' coal
supply. Should there come a bad storm in the
mountains sufBcient to hinder still further trans-

portation of coal, the situation in almost the en-
tire West would become dangerous. Both the
transportation and the coal companies are bend-
ing every effort to relieve the situation. Their
managers in.sist that it is the wonderful and un-
precedented growth of the country which is caus-
ing the shortage.

The people who are suffering and who are
clamoring for coal insist that their sufferings are
due from the monopolistic grip which the Gould
and the Harriman systems have succeeded in
placing on the coal industry of Wyoming, Utah,
Colorado, and other western states. In proof of
this contention they point to the disclosures re-
cently made by the investigation by the Inter-
state Commerce Commission.

LIGHT ON RAILWAY DIVIDENDS

Interstate Commerce Commission About to Inves-
tigate Complaints of Undue Rates.
How much is at stake in the fight of the
corporate interests against the new conditions
is reflected in the following from the New
"i ork Herald:

Washington, D. C. — So many complaints have
been received that railroads are increasing divi-
dends while failing to give adequate car service
that the Interstate Commerce Commission is
about to start upon one of the most important
investigations in its history.

It will take up the question of increased divi-
dends in connection with assertions that they are
the result of unduly high rates. In connection
with the shortage of cars there are intimations
that some shippers are favored at the expense of
others.

Generally railroad rates have not been reduced.
The tendency has been to higher figures, but the
principal grievance of shippers is that they can
not get the cars to transport their goods, and
these complaints have become general. They
have been pouring in on the Commission at the
rate of hundreds a day.

All this time the railroad stockholders have
been receiving melons and increased dividends.
One example was the ten-per-cent dividend of
Union Pacific. Another was the ten-per-cent
extra dividend of the Lackawanna. Still another
was the division of valuable rights bv the Pull-
man Company.

The investigation of the increased dividends
in connection with the shortage of rolling stock
will be undertaken by the Commission imme-
diately, and be followed up by an investigation
of the relation between increased dividends and
the increased cost of articles of necessity.

Saving on Rolling Stock.

One point that is made by many complainants
is that where railroads are practically in com-
bination, as is the case with the anthracite lines,
instead of taking all the traffic they can get and

THE PANDEX

providing facilities for it, they are saving money
on rolling stock and favoring certain shippers in
certain localities.

If this can be established it will prove the ex-
istence of a widespread evil that the rate bill
was designed to cheek, and make necessary rec-

eompanies to do business at lower rates. Many
of the petitioners assert that if the traffic com-
panies, by reducing grades, removing curves, and
improving terminals and switching facilities, are
able to haul freight at less cost there should be
a reduction of freisrht rates.

THE "SWOLLEN FORTUNE" IS BECOMING FRIGHTENED.

— Chicago Tribune.

ommendations to Congress for the passage of a
law empowering the commission to compel rail-
roads to supply cars and rolling stock for all
traffic offered.

Petitions received by the Interstate Commerce
Commission also recite exorbitant dividends paid
by all the express companies, and these are put
forth as conclusive evidence of the ability of the

CAR FAMINE UP FOR INQUIRY

Commission Will Investigate Excuses Roads

Have Been Making Shippers.

Year after year, the public has found the

railroads less able to handle with success

and satisfaction the great business given into

THE PANDEX

their hands ; and latterly the inabilities have
concentrated in a national complaint against
a so-called "car famine." What this means
and the extent to which it demands public
correction are to be inferred from the fol-
l(>winf; in the Chicago Record-Herald:

Washington. — The Interstate Commerce Com-
mission is to take cognizance of inci'cased rail-
road dividends in connection with railroad rates.
Prior to that it will investigate the car shortage
that has aroused the conntry-wide wave of com-
plaint from shippers.

Within a short time the Commission ninst de-
cide whether increased dividends arc ))rima facie
evideuce of excessive rates and whether the al-
leg:ed inability of the railroads to handle all
traffic offered is merely a cloak for discrimina-
tion against particular shippers and localities.
Complaints of shortage of cars have been ponring
in upon the Commission for months, and they
have been looking for some authority under the
law for taking the matter up. Coming from all
.sections of the country and from different sta-
tions along the same line of railroa<l, it was evi-
dent that the conditions complained of are gen-
eral, and, whatever the cause, they presented a
condition of aifairs affecting shipjiers evei'vwhere.

Most Important Question.

There is notiiing in the law requiring railroads
to furnish sutficient accommodations to accept
all traffic offered. It is to be supposed that the
railroads are out after business, and the law-
makers never contemplated a deluge of com-
plaints from shippers who are unable to get their
goods to market. No question pending before
the Commission at this time is as important as
that raised by the shortage of cars.

Shippers everywhere are protesting that be-
cause of the refusal of railroads to accept and
transport freight offered they are suffering .great
loss. This is caused in some instances by the
deterioi'ation of freight denied transportation,
and in all instances by the loss of a ])rofitable
market. The Commission, recognizing the im-
perative necessity of relief for the shippers, has
been seeking an excuse for delving into the prob-
lem. It has been found, and an inquiry will soon
be set afoot which will develop whether there is
an actual inability on the part of railroads to
handle all trallic, and if so, the cause.

Various Excuses Oflfered.

Different railroad officials offer different ex-
cuses for a condition which all admit with re-
gret prevails. In some instances inability to fur-
nish cars is given. In others the motive power
of the railroads is taxed to the utmost and no
more freight can be hauled, while in other cases
inadequate terminal and switching facilities are
given.

The Commission has been informed that what-
ever the cause, the railroads are taking advantage
of the congestion to discriminate between ship-
pers and localities. Some preferred shippers

manage to get practically all the cars they want,
while others in the same locality are unable to
get any. Some localities are denied cars, the .
(Commission has been advised, while near-by com-
petitors are given preference.

This question of discrimination gives the Com-
mission sufficient authority to go into the whole
question. It will be learned whether the railroads
have been derelict in not providing a(le(|uatc fa-
cilities to handle all the traffic reasonably to be
expected. There is adequate power in the pres-
ent law to pnni.sh all cases of discrimination be-
tween individuals and localities, under whatever
cloak it may be practiced.

Congress Might Act.

Should it be found that the railroads are fol-
lowing the common practice of large combinations
to reap large and unnatural profits by restricting
the supply, arid liot permitting it to equal the
demand, a question will be jiresented to Con-
gress calling for additional legislation. If it is
true, as asserted by shippers, that the railroads
are maintaining high rates by failing to provide
sufficient accommodations, it is believed Congress
will not be slow in enacting a law if one can be
const itutionallv framed.

INDICTMENTS HIT FOUR RAILROADS

Minneapolis Grand Jury Returns Ten True Bills
in Grain Rate Investigation.

One of the niost successful litics of attack
taken by the Federal authorities is disclosed
in the follo\vin<j from the Chicago Tribune:

Minneapolis, Minn. — Railroad and grain com-
panies were astounded and the rebate evil dealt
a staggering blow in this state when the grand
jury investigating grain rates returned indict-
ments against the Wisconsin Central, the Minne-
apolis and St. Louis, the Chicago, St. Paul, Min-
neapolis and Omaha, and the Great Northern rail-
roads and the McCaull-Densmore Grain C<im-
pany.

Six indictments containing one hundred counts
and naming five ollicials were returned against
(he Great Northern Railroad, the officials named
being Freight Agents David G. Black, Minneajm-
lis; W. W. Broughton, A. G. McGuire, (1. I. Swe-
ney, and H. A. Kindjall, St. Paul.

One indictment, containing .seventeen counts,
was returned against the Wisconsin Central, the
officials named being Freight Agents Burton
Johnson, Milwaukee, and G. T. Huey, Minne-
apolis.

One indictment, containing five counts, was re-
turned against the Minneapolis and St. Louis, the
officials named being Freight Agent J. T. Kenney,
Minneapolis.

One indictment, containing fifty counts, was
returned against the Omaha road, the officials
named being Freight Agents F. C. Gifford, Min-
neapolis; E. B. Ober and H. M. Pearce, St. Paul.

The indictment against the McCaull-Densmore

THE 1' AND EX

PLEASANT DREAMS.

Apropos of the fact that District Attorney Jerome, of New York, after months of investi-
gation, reported against the prosecution of the insurance men.

—New York Wmld.

THE PANDEX

Company contains five counts, charging the ac-
ceptance of rebates. The railroads and their
officials are indicted for giving rebates. The
minimum penalty for conviction on each count
is $1000 and maximum $20,000.

The general offense alleged in the railroad in-
dictments is the absorption of grain elevation
charges.

The indictments came as a complete surprise to
the railroads. Each company had disclaimed any
criminal intent in its relations with the grain
companies concerning which its employees had
given testimony before the jury. The companies
received no inkling of the fact that they were
threatened with indictment. No member of the
grain company was called to the stand, no rail-
road men indicted who had testified before the
grand jury.

GEIP OF LUMBER TRUST

Inquiry Proposed by Senator Kittredge "Will Dis-
close Most Grinding of Monopolies.

In the course of time, probably, the Fed-
eral probe will touch every line of trade
vhieh affects modern life, as may be judged
from the following from the New York
World in regard to one of the most im-
portant of commodities:

Washington. — The investigation of the lumber
trust, as proposed in a resolution offered by Sen-
ator Kittredge, is regarded by members of Con-
gress as of more general interest to all the people
than any previous inquiry of the kind. Every
household in the country where furniture is used
is interested.

Farmers in such states as do not produce tim-
ber have reached a point where they are help-
less. They can not afford to pay the high prices
demanded for lumber, and improvements have
been checked. This is especially true in the Da-
kotas and other prairie states. The special agents
sent out by the Interstate Commerce Commission
under the La Follette resolution for a general
investigation of the relations existing between
railroads and elevators met with countless ap-
peals for an inquiry into the lumber trust.

At present the lumber trust is the most com-
plete of all the great combinations. It is oper-
ated without a holding company or any outward
evidence of being a monopoly. It fixes the prices
for all lumber. These prices have steadily ad-
vanced for fifteen years and are now approach-
ing the prohibitive point, although there is more
lumber on hand in yards and storehouses than at
any previous period.

The lumber trust operates through several or-
ganizations. These are the Hemlock, Pine, and
Hardwood Associations. Every branch of the
business is covered by an association. Repre-
sentatives of the concern meet every month and
fix prices. Lists are sent out to all customers. If
any retail dealer disregards the fixed price a boy-

cott is established and he is forced out of busi-
ness.

Through this system operated under a "gentle-
men's agreement," all competition has been en-
tirely eliminated. No portion of the country has
been overlooked and all the lumber product of
the United States is controlled by the lumber
trust. The capital of the trust, according to the
last census, is $611,000,000. Lumber is the fourth
largest industry in the country, being surpassed
only by the steel and iron, the textile, and the
meat-packing industries.

By continually increasing the price of lumber
sold to furniture dealers for the last fifteen years
the price of all household goods made of wood
has gradually advanced. There is no relief for
the manufacturers of furniture, as they must pay
the prices demanded by those selling the neces-
sary lumber.

TRUST IN GUNPOWDER NEXT

Government is Preparing for Attack in Court on
Monopoly in Explosives.
In the following item from the Chicago
Kecord-Herald is an exhibit of the manner
\a which the unlawful businesses have in-
jured the Federal Government itself:

Washington. — The gunpowder trust is next on
the list for decapitation. An investigation of its
operations and methods has been under way for
several months, and while officials of the Depart-
ment of Justice refuse at this time to say any-
thing as to their plans, enough is known to war-
rant the statement that action looking to dissolu-
tion of this particular octopus will be taken soon
after the change in the head of the denartment
occurs, which will be immediately after the ap-
pointment of- Attorney General Moody to the
supreme bench is confirmed by the Senate.

Attack on the gunpowder trust is not to be
made in the courts alone, either. Following the
move made last winter to start the government
in the manufacture of smokeless powder, and
thereby break up the monopoly now enjoyed by
the Dupont international combination. Congress
is to be asked at the coming session to appro-
priate a sufficient amount of money to establish
plants to manufacture all the smokeless powder
required for the use of the navy and our coast
defenses.

Robert S. Waddell, president of the Buckeye
Powder Company of Peoria, 111., who largely was
instrumental in forcing the appropriation of
$165,000 to establish the first unit in the scheme
of government control and operation of its
powder-making, has been in Washington the last
few days arranging for his winter's campaign to
complete the project.

Measures probably will be introduced in Con-
gress looking to the appropriation of $3,000,000
for three smokeless powder plants, two to be
located on the Atlantic and Pacific seaboards,
respectively, where they will be easy of access
for the navy, and the third, under the direction

THE PANDEX

of the War Department, to be located somewhere
in the interior, where it will be safe in case of
invasion by a foreign enemy.

Mr. Waddell, aside from conducting his cam-
paign for government manufacture of gunpowder,
has been engaged recently in gathering material
for local grand-jury action against agents of the
trust in Chicago, Peoria, and other points, and
these prospective proceedings promise some start-
ling sensations. It is understood also that Mr.
Waddell during his visit here has been spending
considerable time in conference with Department
of Justice officials, and it is probable such con-
ference has an important bearing on plans now
forming to dissolve the combination.

Oil Company, because the government agents
were concentrated on this work, where the first
blow has fallen.

MOVE ON SMELTER COMPANY

Department of Justice Will Follow Standard Oil
Case With Proceedings Against Many Others.
Tho less talked of than many of the other
monopolies, none is likely to prove more
amenable to reproof and reorganization
along the new lines than the one described in
the following from the New York Herald :

Washington, D. C. — Actual proceedings against
the Standard Oil Company, now under way in St.
Louis, are not to be permitted to stop the investi-
gation of the government into the business meth-
ods of other trusts that are believed to be amen-
able to the provisions of the Sherman anti-trust
law. Suits against these other law-breaking cor-
porations will not be withheld until the conclu-
sion of the case against the Standard Oil, as
under the most favorable circumstances with
cases advanced to an early hearing before the
higher courts, it is recognized that many months
may elapse before a final determination can be
reached in the Supreme Coijrt. For this reason,
the fight on the trusts all along the line will be
commenced as soon as the government is ready to
bring the actions.

One of the trusts to feel the weight of the gov-
ernment's displeasure will be the American
Smelting and Refining Company, which within
the last few days has endeavored to compel the
treasury to pay tribute to its control of the bul-
lion market of the country, in the purchase of
silver bullion for the coinage of subsidiary silver.
Instead of complying with the demands of this
Company, Secretary Shaw refused to buy at all,
and intimated that the methods of the Smelter
Company would be made the subject of an imme-
diate investigation.

Meanwhile the agents of the Department of
Justice and of the Bureau of Corporations are
busily engaged investigating the business meth-
ods of the sugar trust, the tobacco trust, and one
or two other combinations that are charged with
violating the law. The evidence secured against
them has not been gathered on the elaborate
scale carried out in connection with the Standard

AFTER TURPENTINE TRUST

Federal Attorneys Collecting Evidence Against

Still Another Concern.

New York. — ^Energetie efforts are being made
by the Federal Government to clip the tentacles
of what has come to be known as the turpentine
trust, and the United States district attorney
here is co-operating with the United States attor-
ney for the southern district of Georgia. The
turpentine 'combine' has its headquarters in the
South, and many complaints have been received
by the government authorities concerning its op-
erations. It is alleged that a hard-and-fast agree-
ment exists between the various constituent com-
panies belonging to the so-called trust, and that
the business and territory have been divided up
in regular octopus fashion. A representative of
the district attorney at Macon, Ga., it is learned,
has been in conference with the district attorney
here, and it is understood the government is hot
on the trail of the concern.

It is intimated that the turpentine trust, so
called, is influenced and controlled to a greater
or less degree by the Standard Oil Company, al-
though government officials are disposed to be
reticent on this phase of the question. It is
known, at any rate, that Standard Oil interests
in the past have endeavored to absorb the turpen-
tine and rosin industries, but how far they have
succeeded, if at all, remains to be disclosed. The
determination of the government to dissolve the
Standard Oil trust, if possible, by means of the
suit in equity that is to be filed in the United
States Circuit Court at St. Louis, and its an-
nounced intention to make it hot for the Standard
all along the line, appears to justify the opinion
that the Federal authorities strongly suspect that
intimate relations exist between the two enter-
prises.

BURNS TOBACCO FACTORIES

Rioters Disarm Kentucky Town Marshal and
Seize Water Works and Telephone Office.

The risk which trusts and unlawful busi-
ness institutions run, when they disregard
and challenge too far the popular sentiment,
is illustrated in the following from the

Louisville, Ky. — Fire kindled by a mob of
masked men, at an early hour recently, destroyed
the tobacco stemmeries of John Steger and John
G. Orr, at Princeton, Ky., the latter controlled
by the Imperial Tobacco Company, of New York.
The loss is estimated at about $170,000. Several

THE P AND EX

small dwelling houses in the vicinity were also
partially destroyed, but no person was injured.

Tlie work of the mob is believed to be only a
furtherance of the agitation by the tobacco rais-
ers against the tobacco trust. The organization
of farmers is known as the Dark Tobacco Grow-
ers' Protective Association, but it is not known

that any member of that organization was in tlie
mob.

The ill feeling began about six years ago, when
the Italian Government sent agents into the dark
tobacco field. These agents paid such higli prices
for the tobacco that others were driven out of
the tield.

TRANSFORMATION IN NEW YORK

REALIGNMENT IN BOTH PARTIES GROWING OUT OF CHAOS IN
RECENT CAMPAIGN.— EACH MACHINE MUST BE PRAC-
TICALLY RECONSTRUCTED BEFORE IT RUNS AGAIN

WHEN the business world is being so
severely overhauled and regauged, it
is to be expected that the political world
HLUst follow in the same course, especially
in so important a state as New York, wherein
all political precedents have recently been
broken and all political organizations
severely shaken. The following from the
New York Herald, therefore, is a story of
significance:

Out of the chaos of the campaign just ended
has emerged a realignment of political parties in
the state of New York. The political transforma-
tion which has taken place is engaging the care-
ful study of the political leaders of all shades of
opinion. It has not yet been mapped and charted.
Its shoals and quicksands remain to be discov-
ered. To what it will lead and where it will end
nobody as yet can tell.

By grace of Charles F. Murphy and W. R.
Hearst, a Republican governor will once more
take the oath of office in Albany with the begin-
ning of the new year, though all the other elective
offices in the new administration will be filled by
Democrats. This mixed condition of affairs in
the state capitol is typical of the tangled situa-
tion which pervades the politics of the state.
While political lines have been merged at many
points, the party machines on both sides have
suffered so severely that they will require prac-
tical reconstruction before they will be in running
order again.

From one end of the state to the other the
shadow of the new political twins. Murphy and
Hearst, has fallen on the Democracy. With
ruthless determination to control the party ma-

chinery at all hazards, they have entered upon
a policy of boldly driving out of the party ranks
all Democrats who refuse to accept Hearst and
his doctrines as Democratic, or wlio hesitate to
hail the leader of Tammany Hall as the master
of the party in the state. They are widening by
every means at their command the Democratic
split caused by the sandbagging of the Buffalo
convention by Mr. Murphy in the interest of Mr.
Hearst.

Republican Discipline Relaxed.

That Republican atfairs are in slightly better
condition is due to the popularity of President
Roosevelt and the fact that he is now tacitly, if
not openly, recognized as the head of his party.
But tlie discipline in the party is greatly relaxed
and there is nearly everywhere a lack of unity.

B. B. Odell, Jr., who forced himself into the
leadership two years ago while still governor by
the open use of the state patronage to compel
obedience, has been ousted from the chairmanship
of the State Committee. The influence of Presi-
dent Roosevelt anil his immediate followers
brought about the nomination of Charles K.
Hughes, who was not the candidate the Repub-
lican "bosses" would have chosen had they been
left to their own devices.

That tlie new governor will perform the task
he was elected to perform is the general expecta-
tion in the Republican organization. The leaders
look forward to a genuine housecleaning, after
January 1, 1907, and they do not like the pros-
pect, even while they realize that the future suc-
cess of Republicanism in the state absolutely de-
pends upon a reorganization of the state govern-
ment in a thorougli and workmanlike manner.

Mr. Odell and the small group of leaders who
went down with him are seeking to magnify Mr.
Hearst in the hope that he will bring about a gen-

THE PANDEX

eral smashing of botli inachines. whicli will en-
able them to regain the places from which they
have been ousted.

Timothy L. Woodruff, the new chairman of
the Republican State Committee, is not and prob-
ably will not be the leader of his party. He lost
his own county of Kings, although aided by a
Democratic defection which brought more than
twenty thousand votes to the head of the Repub-
lican state ticket. The weakness of the Repub-
lican machine was demonstrated in the election
returns. Thousands of the Republican voters in
the interior of the state either went over to the
enemy or did not vote at all. Mr. Hughes was
elected by Democratic votes.

Mr. Hughes' Victory Personal.

Although Mr. Hughes was elected, his triumph
was a personal one, due to the fact that the peo-
ple of the state had confidence in his integrity,
while they felt a deej) distrust for Mr. Hearst
and his methods. There was undoubtedly
treachery in the Republican camp, and there is a
deep feeling of discouragement in the organiza-
tion over the defeat of the state ticket with the
exception of its head. Every leader is blaming
his neighbor and seeking justification for him-
self. Many of the chairmen of the Republican
county committees feel they were ignored and
neglected during the campaign as of no import-
ance. Insurance interests, which had felt the
Hughes dissecting knife, threw their influence
against him. Friends of Governor Higgins did
not exert themselves overmuch to roll up a large
vote.

There is no Republican "boss" to hold the
party reins with a firm grasp and compel obe-
dience. Senator Piatt 's day has passed. Mr.
Odell's attempt to make himself dictator of the
party cost him his leadership. President Roose-
velt can not give his attention to the details of
party management even if he were so disposed.

The Republican organization, therefore, has
become an oligarchy filled with animosities and
private quarrels. The warfare for the control of
the machine which smouldered all through the
Odell administration has ended with his defeat,
and for the present there is a truce.

There is no truce, however, in the Democratic
ranks. Mr. Murphy has come to the conclusion
that the time is at last ripe for the extension of
the power of Tammany to the entire organiza-
tion of the state. He made W. J. Conners chair-
man of the State Committee as his representative,
and he is now in fact, temporarily, at least, the
Democratic state leader. Taking advantage of
the demoralization of the Democratic machine
created by Samuel J. Tilden and maintained by
David B. Hill, he is seeking to read out of the
party all Democrats who rejected Mr. Hearst or
who will not submit to his will, so that he may
build up a new organization, with himself in
supreme power.

The realization of Mr. Murphy's ambition has
been the signal for an organized revolt headed by
a score of the more influential leaders outside

the city. Such men as William M. Osborne, of
Auburn ; D. Cady Herrick, John N. Carlisle, John
B. Stanchfield, George Raines, Charles N. Bulger,
and many others are in more or less open rebel-
lion against Murphy and Hearst. They have be-
gun a systematic organization of the Democracy
in the up-state counties, with the avowed purpose
of defeating the aggressions of the Murphy-
Hearst alliance. They are determined, if pos-
sible, to repair the neglect which permitted Mr.
Hearst to gain a foothold in the organization
and to drive Mr. Murphy back to the Westchester
line. There has been no ees.sation in the Demo-
cratic warfare since election day, and there is
likely to be none until the issue has been decided.

Murphy Weaker in City.

But while Mr. Murphy is .seeking to subdue
the up-state counties his power in the city is by
no means secure. The organization in Kings,
under the leadership of Senator McCarren, laughs
at his assumption of authority and his threats
to exclude it from the party. Richmond is in
revolt and Queens is preparing to rid itself of
Joseph Cassidy, the Murphy figure-head, set up
after the regular delegates from the county had
been driven out of the state convention. The
Democrats of Queens overthrew Mr. Cassidy in
the primaries and the organization there is in
the hands of his enemies.

Mr. Murphy's most immediate danger, how-
ever, is in Tammany itself, where Mayor McClel-
lan has at last found a leader with courage and
ability enough to attack the "boss," even though
he is now backed by the support of Mr. Hearst.
This leader is Maurice Featherson, admittedly
one of the ablest and most successful leaders in
the Tammany organization. Mr. Featherson, if
he can, will depose Mr. Murphy from the leader-
ship when the Tammany general committee reor-
ganizes in the last week in December, and the
fight for control promises to be one of the most
memorable in the history of the organization.

Mr. Murphy and his friends profess to be con-
fident he will manage to hold the organization
against Mr. Featherson, but there is an uneasy
feeling among the Tammany leaders who will be
called upon in the next six weeks to make their
choice.

The Feathei'son. forces are already laying claim
to the support of fourteen of the thirty-live
assembly districts. There has been no real fight
against Mr. Murphy since the mayor decide>\ to
get along without him at the beginning of his
second term.

Every Tammany leader depends very largely
upon his ability to hold office himself and to keep
his followers in office. In addition he must be
able to procure favors for his friends and to pun-
ish his enemies. The followers of Mr. Mui-phy
are seeking to raise the confidence of their adhe-
rents by promising that places will be found in
the state departments under the Democratic state
officials for all Murphy men who are displaced by
the contest for the control of the local organiza-
tion.

THE PANDEX

Not Much Patronage.
This assurance has made some impression, and,
of course, it can not be verified until the new
administration has come into power after the re-
organization has taken place in the General Com-
mittee. As a matter of fact, however, there will
be very little patronage at the disposition of the
state officials. There are few places to be par-
celed out, as the great majority of the state em-
ployees are under the civil service and in depart-
ments controlled by officials appointed by the
governor and not elected. The state patronage
which will fall to the share of the Democratic
officials will be insignificant in comparison with
the patronage at the disposal of the mayor and
the heads of his departments.

Richard Croker's expected arrival in this
country early in December is attracting much
attention in Tammany, in view of the contest be-
tween Messrs. Featherson and Murphy. It was
Mr. Croker who first made Mr. Featherson a dis-
trict leader, and the former master of Tammany
has watched his progress ever since with a
friendly interest. Mr. Croker's retirement from
the leadership of Tammany has left him without
direct authority in the organization, but he still
has friends there, and whatever influence he may
be able to exert will be thrown in favor of Mr.
Featherson.

If Mr. Featherson succeeds in defeating Mr.
Murphy the latter 's campaign to get absolute
control of the party machinery in the up-state
counties will collapse and the conservatives will
have no difficulty in regaining the mastery. If
Mr. Murphy gains the victory the contest for
control will go on, backed by the organization in
Kings and by at least a strong minority in Tam-
many Hall. The mayor has still three years to
serve before his term ends, and the local battle
will be renewed in the primaries.

It is the opinion of the most farsighted of the
leaders of both parties that whether the radical
movement in this state shall gain strength or
decline between now and the next election will
depend mainly upon the administration of Gov-
ernor Hughes and the work of the legislature.
If the demand for reform, both in legislation and
in administration, is satisfied there will still re-

main the radical element which is the basis of
the Hearst movement and which will be satisfied
with nothing short of a redistribution of prop-
erty; but the dissatisfaction with existing condi-
tions and the distrust of the old parties which
caused thousands of voters all over the state to
vote for Mr. Hearst as a protest will very largely
disappear.

The best judges of the situation in the state
sum it all up in the remark, " It 's up to Governor
Hughes. ' '

CORRECTING A MISAPPREHENSION.

"I do not control one mile of railroad." — E.
H. Harriman.
Oh,

Is that so?

Well, now, do you know
Some people think that you
Have corralled a few
And laid them away
For a rainy day?
Not many, of course, but enough
For a bluff
When the game
Calls for the same,
If it ever does.
My suz!
Ain't it funny
How a chap with money
Acquires a reputation
Among the common herd
Of really and truly being
A Julius Caesar bird.
When he ain't anything but a dove
Chuck-full of brotherly love-
For everything that has a worm
He needs in his business?
Oh, say.

Ain't it rotten to think that way?
It's a sham dame
To queer the fair fame
Of a saint

Who is what he is and ain't what he ain't.
Don't it?

What do you suppose inspires
People to be such liars?
Huh? —W. J. L., in New York World.

FORETHOUGHT.

"What are yez goin' back agin to the house fer?"

"Sure, I forgot me pipe an' I'll just go back an' lave me tobaccy pouch,
aggravate me, knowin' I couldn't smoke all day."

It would only

— Judge.

THE PANDEX

Corporations

Raise

Wages zuid

Standard Oil

Makes an

Appeal.

T. FORTUNE RYAN— HE RETIRES.

— Adapted from New York World.

GENERAL EVIDENCE THAT THE MEN OF INFLUENCE AND MEANS

HAVE CHANGED THEIR POINT OF VIEW AND HAVE

BEGUN TO CONCILIATE THE PUBLIC IN ALL

POSSIBLE RESPECTS.

GIVEN the benefit of the doubt, even the
big corporation man may be said to be
beginning to emerge from the period of
eastigation and enforced reform with a lib-
eral inheritance of the spirit of the times
and an apparent conviction that t^e com-

munity in vrhich he seeks to be a leader,
either financially or otherwise, will be the
better both for him and for others if he does
his part in the reforming. With this faith
in mind, he finds himself raising wages, pay-
ing hitherto evaded taxes, withdrawing

THE PANDEX

from directorates to which it is impossible
that he give just or adequate attention, and
even proposing new laws for the restraint
of trusts and receiving government sub-
penas as cheerfully, almost, as if they were
coupons.

CORPORATIONS RAISE WAGES

General Movement to Meet Anti-Capitalistic
Sentiment Said to Be the Cause.
The strife of November 6 was scarcely
over and time had hardly elapsed to permit
of a study of the returns, when a number of
the largest of the corporations announced a
general advance in wages. Said the New
York Herald:

It became known in Wall Street recently that
practically all the great railroad and industrial
corporations of the country, the affairs of which
are directed from this city, have decided to in-
crease the jjrevailing rate of wages to their em-
ployees. It was predicted that the action of the
Pennsylvania Railroad management in increas-
ing the wages of its array of 165,000 men nearly
$12,000,000 would soon be followed by all the
important railroad and industrial corporations
of the United States.

The Standard Oil Company has decided to in-
crease the wages of its 60,000 employees in dif-
ferent parts of the United States. The increase
will be carried out through the company's sub-
sidiary corporations.

Information also reached the city from Mon-
tana that the Amalgamated Copper Company,
generally known as the Copper Trust, which em-
ploys nearly 15,000 men in the mines of Mon-
tana, has already made a proposal to its em-
ployees increasing their wages about 10 per cent.
The United States Steel Corporation, the
world's largest trust, which advanced the wages
of its army of 175,000 employees in March, 1905,
without solicitation from the men, is also con-
sidering the question of a wage increase.

The Philadelphia & Reading Company, the
New York Central, the Lackawanna, and other
Eastern roads have either been requested to ad-
vance the wages of the employees or have taken
some steps to do so.

Cost of Living Higher.
One reason for the general tendency of trust
managers to increase the wages of the workmen
was brought out recently by a trade agency,
which reported that the present cost of living
was the highest in twenty years. According to
Dun's Index Number of commodity prices pro-
portioned to consumption, the average cost was
$106,683 on November 11 last. Compared with
a year ago on the same date the present cost,
ns shown by the Index Number, is $3 higher.

Another reason given by financiers is that the
industrial corporations are all in a highly pros-

perous condition and the scores of plants are
being worked to their full capacity and under
high pressure. Under these conditions it is said
to be the desire of the managements of the
larger corporations to have their workmen par-
ticipate in the prosperity.

Men of prominence in the financial world saw
in the concerted action of the great corporations
a desire to checkmate the growing tide of antag-
onism to corporations such as was brought out
in the recent election. The discontent among
the laboring element, the higher cost of living,
tiie lowered purchasing power of the dollar unit
and the effect of the disclosures of corporate
abuses, it is generally admitted here, forced the
corporations to adopt a more liberal policy to
the workingmen and thereby conciliate the active
antagonism which was reflected in the election.

PAYS UNCALLED FOR TAXES

Seth Low, Former Mayor of New York, Sets a
New Example in Honesty.
With wages being raised without coercion,
the following story of another act done with-
out coercion is doubly meaningful. It is
from the New York Times :

Ex-Mayor Seth Low paid $27,397:28 in back
taxes voluntarily recently. It came to Controller
Metz in the form of a check from Mr. Low 's
counsel, Edward M. Shepard, for the payment
of taxes which, through indefiniteness in the law
governing the taxation of mortgages in 1901 and
misajaprehension of its terms, Mr. Low had failed
to pay at that time and also in 1902 and 1903.

Mr. Low deducted from his personal estate
liable to taxation a mortgage on certain prop-
erty belonging to him. Just learning that he was
not entitled to make the deduction as the law
then read, because technically the bond secured
by the mortgage was not his own, he determined
to pay forthwith the additional sum that was
legally due the city in 1901 from his estate with
interest at 6 per cent.

In his letter to Mr. Shepard the ex-Mayor said:

"The law that constrains me to such action
because the mortgage upon mv property did
not secure my own bonds seems to be very in-
equitable, and I shall be very glad if this incident
does something to bring about an amendment to
the law."

New York City citizens have been knocking
at the doors of the Legislature for several ses-
sions to get amendments to the mortgage tax law.
They have obtained some, but never all that they
believed mortgage conditions in that city de-
manded.

CHICAGO ROADS TO MAKE RAISE

Increase of $30,000,000 Depends on Employees
Giving Up Eight-Hour Day.
The following from the New York World

THE PANDEX

WHAT WE MAY NEXT EXPECT.
Kansas City, Mo., Nov. 22.— The spectacle of W. J. Bryan, commoner and former advo-
cate of radical currency reforms, leading Leslie M. Shaw, Roosevelt's Secretary of the Treas-
ury and stand-patter, to the rostrum, was afforded delegates to the annual Congress of Trans-
Mississippi Commercial Clubs here to-day. — Dispatch to the Inter-Ocean.

, — Chicago Inter Ocean.

gives a little further idea of the extent of
the increased wage movement:

Chicago. — The railways of Chicago contem-
plate increases in the wages of their men be-
tween now and January 1 which will make the
combined incomes of the 450,000 employees of
these lines from $25,000,000 to $30,000,000
greater in 1907 than in 1906.

The only thing that may prevent the pro-
posed advances is the inability of the railroads
and their trainmen to reach an amicable agree-
ment. The engineers, conductors, firemen, brake-
men, and other trainmen have asked for 10 per
cent advances and for an eight-hour day.

Railway officials indicate that they are will-
ing to give the 10 per cent increase, but they are
not willing to grant the demand for an eight-
hour day, and their present disposition is to
withhold the wage advance until the eight-hour
dav demand is withdrawn.

RYAN LEAVES COMPANIES

Capitalist Withdraws From Many Holdings in
Interest of Limited Few.

While the cartoonist seems to east doubt
upon the sincerity of the incident described
in the following from the New York World,
it yet is consistent with other manifestations
of reform among the financial leaders:

Thomas F. Ryan, who controls the majority
of the stock of the Equitable Life Assurance So-
ciety, made the following announcement recently
through an intermediary:

'•I have resigned from the directorates of a
large number of railroads and other corpora-
tions. My accumulating interests and responsi-
bilities render it impossible for me to attend so

THE PANDEX

ONE OF THE BETTER PAY SCHEDULES.

HOW A RECENT RAISE IN WAGES AFFECTS

EMPLOYEES.

Rate two ■
years ag-o.

Eng-ineers of passenger trains $ 3.88 a day

Engineers of freight trains 3.82 a day

Engineers on yard locomotives 3.27 a day

Firemen on passenger engines 2.20 a day

Firemen on freight engines 2.25 a day

Firemen on yard engines 1.96 a day

Conductors of Passenger Trains 3.65 a day

Conductors of freight trains 3.41 a day

Brakemen of passenger trains 1.91 a day

Brakemen of freight trains 1.82 a day

Flagmen on trains 1.91 a day

Baggage men on trains 2.18 a day

Section men and trackmen 1.35 a day

Machinists and mechanics 72.73 month

Gatemen and ferrymen 45.00 month

Clerks, average 72.73 month

NOTE — The present raise of ten per cent in wages appli
Pittsburg and Erie "who are now receiving $200 or less a
about 95 per cent of the Eastern service.

PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD

Present rate
of wages.

$ 4.27 a day
4.20 a day
3.60 a day
2.42 a day

2.47 a day
2.16 a day
4.01 a day
3.75 a day
2.10 a day
2.00 a day
2.10 a day
2.40 a day

1.48 a day
80.00 month
49.50 month
80.00 month

New rate

of wages.

$ 4.70 a day

4.62 a day
3.96 a day
2.66 a day
2.72 a day
2.38 a day

•4.42 a day
4.12 a day
2.31 a day
2.20 a day
2.31 a day
2.64 a day

1.63 a day
88.00 month
54.45 month
88.00 month

es to all employees east of
month. The order Includes

— New York World.

many directors' meetings and to properly dis-
charge my obligations to the stockholders con-
cerned.

"I have also reached the conclusion that I
can best serve the financial and fiduciary institu-
tions with which I am associated by severing my
ofHcial connection with the railroad and indus-
trial corporations with which they necessarily
have constant business relations. I hope and
believe that the decision which I have made will
prove to the advantage of all the interests for
which my friends hold me responsible and of
the gentlemen with whom I have so long been
associated in the various corporations from
whose boards I have resigned."

ATTACKS MONEY PRACTICES

Jacob H. Schiff Charges New York Bank With
Immoral Methods of Loaning.

Still another evidence that the financial
men do not look with approval upon many
practices vt'hieh formerly were generally ac-
cepted and endorsed is to be found in the
following from the New York Times :

Jacob H. Schiff, at the Chamber of Commerce
meeting recently, in the course of an attack on
what he described as the 'barbarous conditions'
in the call money market on the New York
Stock Exchange, accused one of the prominent
financial institutions in Wall Street, which, how-
ever, he did not mention by name, of calling its
loans when money is lending at 6 or 7 per cent
and taking advantage of the demand thereby

created, and the consequent rise in rates, to put
out the funds again at the increased premium.

Mr. Schiff introduced a resolution, which was
adopted by the Chamber, calling on the Commit-
tee of Finance and Currency "to examine into
and report upon the practicability of devising
means through which the interest rate beyond
6 per cent upon call loans made at the New
York Stock Exchange can be better regulated
than is the case at present."

Speaking in support of his resolution, Mr.
Schiff said he could not believe that the con-
ditions in the call money market were a neces-
sary evil.

"While at times," he continued, "under ex-
isting methods and conditions, money is liable
to advance beyond the legal rate of interest, I
can not, for a moment, believe that it is neces-
sary for the rate of interest on demand loans at
the Stock Exchange to advance on a single day
from 6 to 7 per cent in the morning to 25 or
30 per cent and higher in the afternoon. It must
be in the long run destructive of the best inter-
ests of the country, and there must be means,
even if they are difficult to find, to better regu-
late such a state of affairs. Such means may be
actual methods or moral methods. It is stated,
for instance, that one of the prominent — and
I do not hesitate to say so, because it is stated
with much emphasis — that one of the prominent
financial institutions in this city, which is a large
loaner of money, makes it a rule, when money
in the morning is only 6 or 7 per cent, to call
its loans, and to wait until the rate has ad-
vanced, which it naturally does, in consequence
of large calls, to consent to loan its money again.

' ' Such methods are reprehensible, and ought to
be corrected by moral pressure and moral means;

THE PANDEX

HOPE.

'8^^.VH vliiiDE'R'-rD

— Chicagfo Record-Herald.

THE PANDEX

but there must be actual means, too, possibly
in the Clearing House, and possibly in the Stock
Exchange itself by which this barbarous con-
dition may be corrected. I believe the Commit-
tee on Finance and Currency, if it looks into the
question, can suggest something which to some
extent, at least, will improve the existing state
of affairs."

POINTS A TRUST CURB.

Beef Trust Attorney Suggests a Special Com-
mission for Corporations.

The following may or may not have its
genesis in the discovery by the corporate in-
terests that there is no reversal possible for
the existing movement toward corporate
regulation. The item is from the Chicago
Record-Herald :

A commission similar in power, scope and com-
position to the Interstate Commerce Commission,
and which will have full charge of the corpora-
tions of the country, is the recommendation of
John S. Miller, who probably will be the chief
attorney for Standard Oil in the Government at-
tack.

Mr. Miller prophesies that Congress will pro-
vide such a tribunal either directly by its own
act or by an enlargement of the provisions of
the Sherman anti-trust law, the act which the
Standard Oil Company and its individual fac-
tors are now up against.

Indicating that his estimation of the Sherman
anti-trust law was that it was incomplete,
equivocal, and weak, Mr. Miller all but declared
tnat the energies of the Standard attorneys
would be devoted to an attack directly upon the
act itself.

"Nobody knows just what the law permits
and what it prevents," he said. "What is neces-
sary is a statute whereby the business man, the
merchant, or the manufacturer can read the law
and know when he is in danger of violating it
without having to see a lawyer. That is impos-
sible under the law as its provisions now stand.

Remedy is Offered.

"The proper remedy, it appears to me,
would be to provide for the appointment of a
commission to be constructed along the same
lines as mark the powers of the Intei-state Com-
merce Commission. I would have this new com-
■ mission a part of or a bureau under the Depart-
ment of Commerce and Labor. Its duties would
be to exercise general supervision of corporations.
It would construe the law, it would make its in-
distinct provisions clear, and it would make of
practical operation a law which now fails to
perform the functions for which it was in-
tended. ' '

Mr. Miller could not indicate the length of
time which he deemed would be necessary for

completing the case which was opened at St.
Louis Thursday, in view of the fact that he was
hot able to state definitely that he would be of
counsel for the Standard Oil Company.

"Ordinarily it would take up a great deal of
time simply in taking the necesstiry testimony,
where there was no h.ard-fough^, 'ontcst to im-
pede the progress of the hearing," was the sig-
nifieant statement of Mr. Miller.

WANTS JUSTICE FOR RAILWAYS

J. J. Hill Urges Some of the Difaculties Which
They Meet.
As the corporations clear themselves of the
burden of fighting the popular will it be-
comes increasingly easy for them to make
such appeals and pleas as the following, from
the Chicago Record-Herald:

Chicago. — In an indignant outburst in the
midst of a speech James J. Hill, president of
the Great Northern Railroad, protested against
the agitation against the American railroads
and plans for Government ownership of the lines.
He declared political agitators are hampering
the Nation's growth.

"To-day the entire country is suffering from
want of transportation facilities to move its
business without unreasonable delay," he said.
"The prevailing idea with the public is that the
railways are short of cars, while the fact is
that the shortage is in tracks and terminals to
provide a greater opportunity for the movement
of the cai-s."

"It has been noticed," he said emphatically,
"that from June 30, 1895, to 190.5— ten years—
the growth in ton mileage was 110 per cent. The
growth in the mileage of railroads to handle
that traffic was 20 per cent. There's where you
stand to-day — you can see it in that brief com-
parison. There's where the whole country
stands. The traffic of the country is congested
beyond imagination. The commerce of the coun-
try is paralyzed, which, continued, means slow
death.

"More cars? Yes, we need more cars, but we
need also cars of greater capacity, heavier
trains, and more miles of railroad to haul them
over. In ten years the railroads of the country
expanded 20 per cent for the handling of a
business that increased 110 per cent. Suppose
you are able in the near future to increase that
expansion 50 per cent? That will still leave
40 per cent a year of the business without any
facilities for taking care of it.

"It is estimated that from 115,000 to 120,000
miles of track must be built at once to take
care of this immense business. But to build
that amount will cost as much as the Civil War
cost, at least. It will cost from .$4,000,000,000
to .$5,000,000,000. A thousand million dollars

THE PANDEX

a year for five years will scarcely suffice. Why, Civil War of half the consequence of this one.

there is not money enough nor rails enough in Why, you can't go out and contract with any

all the world to do this thing. railroad in this country to move 500 cars of

"And if the rails were piled up ready for the freight from here to New York in thirty days.

STACKING THE CARDS!

-St. Louis Republic.

undertaking and if the money were in the bank And the i-ailroad could not deliver it if it should

to-day, it would be impossible to get • the labor contract to do it. ' '

with which to do it. Labor in the mines, in the ,(fri,„..„ :^'-^^4. _■ u'L:iJ:i

forest, in , the quarry are behind a stone wall
which they can not scale.

.."I tell, yon there is no question since the isting. " '

"There is'iiot money enough' available to bring
relief to this situation under the conditions ex-

THE PA NDEX

DEFENSE OF STANDARD OIL

Foreign Representative of the Trust Declares
Corporate Form Necessary.

Even the Standard Oil itself has encour-
aged itself to appeal to the public, as witness
the following from the Chicago Tribune :

The Standard Oil Company, in a statement
just issued over the signature of William H.
Libby of the company's foreign department,
maintains that the form of its corporate organ-
ization is necessary if the company is to hold its
large foreign trade. Mr. Libby holds the com-
pany is obliged to compete with combinations of
oil producers in every other country and cites
many examples of such combinations.

It is only by combination, he insists, that
American oil producers can compete in the for-
eign markets. He insists the business of Amer-
ican oil producers would be crippled abroad in
the event of the success of the Government 's pro-
ceeding to dissolve the company. The statement,
which is in the form of a letter to the editor,
says:

"The desirability, and the necessity almost,
of the concentration of brains and capital have
been recognized without exception in all the im-
portant petroleum producing countries of the
world. Not only have corporations and holding
companies on the general lines of the Standard
organization and other similar American organ-
izations been created, but several have become
international in their scope.

"These amalgamations administered by some
of the best industrial brains and most prominent
capitalists of Europe, so far from receiving the
opposition of governments, press, or communi-
ties, so far from being regarded as 'conspiracies
in restraint of trade' or as ingenious subterfuges
in trade autocracy, are regarded abroad as being
the natural pathways of legitimate, economic,
progressive commerce, especially commended
when the motive is emphasized of eliminating
the American product from competitive markets.
Against this array of formidable elements in-
numerable, and other opposing factors, the
Standard Oil Company is fighting the world's
markets for the continued supremacy of Amer-
ican petroleum."

WINGS SPROUTING ON JOHN D.

Bill Henkel, U. S. Marshal, Seeking Ogre, Finds
a Lamb.

And as if the above incident were not
sufficient to denote a change in the strongest
of all quarters, the following, from the
Chicago Tribune, to be treated levitously, is
for those who remain skeptical :

New York. — Breezy Bill Henkel, United States

marshal, has grasped the tentacles of the oil
octopus and likes the memory of the sensation.
As Bill puts it himself, he shook hands with
John D. Rockefeller, Henry M. Flagler, and
others while serving them with subpenas to ap-
pear as witnesses in the Standard Oil case in
Missouri, and "never found a finer bunch of
gentlemen" in his life.

Some of his deputies served papers on the
lesser lights of the Standard Oil corporation, but
he himself made the appointments with the sub-
penaed, chiefly by telephone. He personally
visited Mr. Rockefeller at his home at 4.10 p. m.,
November 28.

"Naturally," said the marshal, "I expected
to have some trouble after reading about the
time they had trying to serve John D. last sum-
mer. But, say, it really was a cinch — the softest
thing I ever struck in my life. I felt almost
ashamed I hadn't a silver salver — say, that's
a fine combination of words, almost as good as
truly rural — to put the subpena on when I went
up to John D.'s house after I had called him
up by phone and told him Uncle Sam had a little
business with him. He set the hour and minute
he would see me, and told me to come up myself.

"Dee-lighted," John D. Says to Him.

"After a little ride in the subway I found
myself pressing John D.'s electric bell. Out
comes a little man — a butler, I guess — who asks
me what I want. I told him I was a United
States marshal and he looked as if he didn't
believe it. I guess he thought I ought to be
togged out in uniform, with a sword. He invites
me to step into the hall and presently out comes
John D. himself, with a smile as broad as a
slice of cantaloupe. He grasps me by the hand
and says he's delighted to see me, pronouncing
the word just like the President does, and asks
me to sit down.

"I began to think somebody surely had been
lying about the old gentleman, his manners
were so fine. In fact, I was a bit embarrassed,
when he began talking about the weather. I
began to spar for an opening and he gave me a
chance to get in. I had pulled out the subpena,
intending to shove it at him the moment I met
him, but I sneaked it back inside my pocket
and when he gave me a chance I got it out again.
He was direct and to the point, but all-fired
pleasant.

All Smiles and Soft Talk.

"When he saw my hand going up to the
pocket he said :

" 'I believe you have a subpena for me.'

"Of course, he knew I had, as I had told him

over the phone all about it, but it was a

gentlemanly way to put it. It relieved me a
good deal to have him say it.

"He took the paper and said he was much
obliged to me and regretted he had given me
the trouble of coming all the way uptown. Then
he shook my hand again with the grasp of a
man that has a pretty long lease on life on this

THE PANDEX

planet and went to the door with me. He bowed
to me and I bowed back. He also smiled a few
more times and then I left him with the paper
in his hand. He didn't look at it before vae. It
wasn't necessary, however, as he knew what was
in it."

The service on the other defendants was made
at the offices of their companies.

350,000 WORKMEN NEEDED

Expert Says Tide of Prosperity Is Rendering
the Situation Acute.

Chicago. — Great interest is manifested in Chi-
cago and the entire West in the general move-
ment for an increase in the schedule of wages
paid to labor, in the scarcity of laijorers to meet
the demand, and incidentally in the figures that
have been submitted showing the high cost of
living at present. AH these things are taken
to mean a tide of prosperity never before reached
ifa the country.

After receiving reports from many labor cen-
ters, F. W. Job, secretary of the Chicago Em-
ployers' Association, announces there is a short-
age of 350,000 to 500,000 workingmen in the
United States, as compared with the urgent de-
mand. He expresses the opinion that if the
present pace of manufacturing, railroad building,
and general industrial activity keeps up there
will need to be some revision of the immigration
laws to meet an emergency.

LABOR ADOPTS POLICY

Principles for Which Trade Movement Stands
Stated by Federation.

Minneapolis. — After defeating resolutions fa-
voring old-age pensions and attacking the militia
in the various states, the convention of the
American Federation of Labor adopted
a declaration of principles outlining what the
American trade-union movement stands for. The
declaration of principles followed the demand
of a number of delegates in the early days of
the convention. It was suggested then that, as
labor had gone into politics, it should provide
an economic platform which would let the gen-
eral public know what the organized labor move-
ment stood for.

The Committee on Resolutions appointed its
chairman, James Duncan, to write a platform
which was submitted to the convention. The
platform contains seventeen planks and is the
first to be submitted to a convention since the
Denver gathering in 1894. It contains some of
the same planks as the old platform and several
new ones are added.

Varioos Reforms Asked.

The preamble outlines the reasons why the
organized workers demand certain economic

reforms, and then gives the following as the
labor platform:

1. Free schools and compulsory education.

2. Unrelenting protest against the issuance
and abuse of injunction process in labor disputes.

3. A workday of not more than eight hours
in the twenty-four-hour day.

4. A strict recognition of not over eight
hours per day on all federal, state, or municipal
work and at not less than the prevailing rate
per diem wage of the class of employment in
the vicinity where the work is performed.

5. Release from employment one day in
seven.

6. The abolition of the contract system "on
public work.

7. The municipal ownership of public util-
ities.

8. The abolition of the sweatshop system.

9. Sanitary inspection of workshop, factory,
and home.

10. Liability of employers for injury to bodj
or loss of life.

11. The nationalization of telegraph and tele-
phone.

12. The passage of anti-child-labor laws in
states where they do not exist, and rigid defense
of them where they have been enacted into law.

13. Woman suffrage co-equal with man suf-
frage.

14. Suitable and plentiful playgrounds for
children in all cities.

15. Continued public agitation for publie
bath-houses in all cities.

16. Qualifications in all permits to build in
all cities and towns that there shall be bath-
room and bathroom attachments in all houses or
compartments used for habitation.

17. We favor a system of finance whereby
money shall be issued exclusively by the Govern-
ment with such regulations and restrictions as
will protect it from manipulation by the banking
interests for their own private gain.

FROM NAPKINS TO OATMEAL

Men on Medium Salaries Can No Longer Afford
the Orange.

"There was a great deal of talk in the recent
campaign," said a young married man, who
holds a salaried position at fair wages, "about
the handing out of lemons to this candidate
or that.

"In my opinion oranges had not a little to
do with the result; with the vote that elected
Hughes, and at the same time was altogether
too small to satisfy those who were opposed to
Mr. Hearst."

When asked to explain this anagram, the
young man said — and he spoke for a great many
thousand men, young and old, when he said it:

"When oranges were twenty-five or thirty
cents a dozen, my wife and T each ate one at
breakfast, and occasionally the children took
part with us. Now that they are sixty cents a

T II E P A X D E X

dozen, we go direct from napkins to oatmeal,
or let a small apple take the place of the oranne.
I said a small apple, because the large ones
even this early in the year- are bpoimiins; to
cost money."

The Protest First at Hand.

' ' I have made use of the orange, ' ' he con-
tinued, "as typical of the whole list of eatables,
whether meat, fish, or fruit. The cost of living
in New York City, rent included, is becoming
so great, that men on medium salaries are find-
ing it more difficult each day to make both
ends meet. We have been looking for a cause
and a remedy, and let me tell you that there
were more thousands of fellows like me who
voted for Hearst than most people imagine.

"Why did we do it? As a dumb protest. The
only sort of a protest we can see our way to
make."

Two Classes Help Themselves.

Since the election there has been heard not
a little talk like the above. The men of medium
salaries, whether in manufacturing, mercantile,
or professional concerns, are stating their posi-
tion in words like these :

"The employers can protect themselves by
combination and consolidation. They can put
up the price of goods on which they have not
been making money, and then meet the advances
in the cost of raw material and in the price
of living.

"The men who work in the trades can protect
themselves by another form of combination.
They form their trade unions, and by confer-
ence or by strike have been steadily increasing
their wages to meet the increase of the cost of
living in the past half dozen years. A carpenter
or a bricklayer can afford to live as well as he
did in 1902 even though food, clothing, and
rent are higher,, for he is getting much larger
wages than he did four years ago. The fruits

of the present prosperity have been his, because
in his unions he has had a club with which to
knock them from the tree."

Votes Not Understood.

"But let me call your attention to another
class of men whose woes have not excited the
agonies of the political orators or been wept
over by the press. There are tens of thousands
of us in New York City. We do not do much
talking because we do not care to risk our
.jobs. AVe do not hold mass meetings, or write
signed letters to the newspapers. But we read
and think and talk it over with the wife at home
— and the politicians who have overlooked us are
surprised when the votes are counted, because
there is found in the ballot boxes a lot of tickets
that they are totally unable to understand."

Men of the Middle Class.

These statements were made by a man of
education and of temperate views on religion
and social topics. He was very much in earnest;
has been, he said, a Republican all his life, and
still is one. He was then asked :

"The class of which vou speak — who are
they?'-'

"Men who occupy positions like mine," he
answered. "Clerks, stenographers, bookkeep;
ers, salesmen, bank employees, all that class that
lies between the men who own the place and
those who put on an apron and do the physical
labor. Ninety-nine out of each one hundred
are getting no more pay than they did three or
four years ago, but the cost of living has greatly
increased, and an advance is made in something*
each day. No one can tell where it will end.

"We are not combined in unions. Each case
must be considered on its individual merits. We
can resign at any moment we care to, but who
cares to give up a job unless he can get a better
one?"

OWN THEIR OWN COLLIERIES

THRIFTY MINERS OF SAGINAW, MICH., WHO HAVE CONQUERED

THE WAGE AND STRIKE PROBLEM BY BECOMING

THEIR OWN MANAGERS.

IF IT be true that wealthy men, as well as
poorer men, are becoming appreciative of
the values of higher social motives and are
to that degree altering their own standards
and methods, the need of such steps as are
indicated i^' the following story from the

Philadelphia ' North American will become
much less in the future years. But, for the
present, it stands as an instance of the power
of men, in whatever station and circum-
stances, to unite and protect themselves
against'odds of almost any magnitude.

THE PANDEX

After a year's trial, a co-operative, coal-mining
industry at Saginaw, Mich., has been declared
a success.

This mine is owned by the workmen who oper-
ate it. They establish prices, make contracts,
and go down underground to dig out the
product.

There are no labor troubles or strikes, for
every man is personally interested in the wel-
fare of the company.

It was on September 1, 1905, that coal was
first sold from the new mine of the Caledonia
Company. There has been no idleness since, and
the ■ workmen-owners are preparing to put on
double shifts to keep pace with their orders.

When it was organized, the plan was to have
the company consist of 100 men and the capital
stock was placed at $50,000. After a year of
success, it has been decided to increase the cap-
ital to $250,000 and the company to 500 men.

So well, in fact, has this purely co-operative
mine done that two other organizations have
been formed in Michigan along similar lines.
One of these new companies, like the Caledonia,
is formed entirely of practical handlers of the
pick and shovel.

The men forming the Caledonia selected their
executive officers from among themselves. Busi-
ness of the company is looked after by a gen-
eral superintendent, who is responsible to a
board of managers.

At all times the acts of the Board are subject
to review by a general assembly of the miners,
who keep as closely in touch with the affairs
of the concern as they do with the vein of coal
from which they make their hving.

When it came to an allotment of the stock
few of the men were able to take more than a
small holding. They were not capitalists.

Some, in fact, had little or no money and ar-
ranged to pay their part in labor.

Last spring the Caledonia workers fixed upon
the 1903 scale of wages as that to be paid in
their mine. This is 5.55 per cent higher than the
scale of the succeeding season — 1904-05. The
average pay of the Caledonia miner is now
$2.75 a day.

So far the workmen-owners have refrained
from declaring a dividend. Starting with a
small capital, they have considered it wiser to
turn back into the mine, for the development of
the property, all profits above operating ex-
penses.

Then, too, the original mine had only foiiy
acres of coal land, and as there has been a
steady demand for the output it was necessary
to look to the future.

Recently the company has purchased an addi-
tional 500 acres adjoining its mine and is sink-
ing a shaft on that property.

It was by good fortune and an exercise of
shrewdness that the Caledonia people secured
their original forty acres.

In the midst of land controlled by a combina-
tion of existing companies was this little tract,
on which the combination was paying royalties.

Thinking that it would be well to save this
amount, and that there woult^ be no difficulty
in securing control at any time, the holders
pei-mitted the lease to lapse.

Waiting for just such an opportunity, the
Caledonia promoters quietly and quickly secured
a lease upon it themselves.

So secretly were all the preliminaries carried
on that it was only when the work of sinking
a shaft was begun that the actual existence of
the new workingmen's company became gener- '
ally known.

Success, however, was not attained without op-
position on the part of the other companies.
The Caledonia miners, for instance, wished a
spur run to their property from a nearby rail-
road. They offered to grade the track and fur-
nish the ties.

About one thousand feet of rails were necessary
to make the spur, and for this, it is stated, the
railroad company demanded $3000. The mine-
owners are still pegging along without their
spur.

The first brush over prices began almost as
soon as Caledonia coal was placed on the mar-
ket. Other operators had advanced to the reg-
ular winter combination price of $4.50 a ton ;
the Caledonia began selling at $4.25.

After storming their expostulations in vain,
the other operators undertook to smoke out the
workmen owners by lowering the prices, which
dropped in the city to $4 and then to $3.50,
where the Caledonia figures have remained.

For a time opposition coal was sold in front
of the Caledonia Mine for $1.75 a ton, but this
measure was too drastic to be kept np, especially
as the Caledonia people made no attempt to meet
the cut, but sold all the coal they could mine
at their own price. This opposition, however,
continued to sell at $3 a ton, which was fifty
cents under the Caledonia price.

Undaunted by Opposition.

The Caledonia people went serenely along
their way, selling all the coal they could mine
at the price they had fixed, and constantly add-
ing to their contracts. Many of the largest con-
sumers of the city are now using the Caledonia
product.

Having their reputation to make, the miners
see to it that their output will stand the test
of quality. Then, too, the officials have made a
specialty of giving the retail trade preference
over everything else, and this policy has brought
them a large number of regular customei-s.

When it seemed, early last spring, that oper-
ators and miners would be unable to get to-
gether upon a satisfactory basis of agreement,
there was a general accumulation of coal. Of
the many heavy orders given the Caledonia
workers got their share.

More than this, however, they announced that
the result of the pending differences, even of a
prolonged strike, would not affect them. They
owned the mine they worked, they fixed their
own wages, and had no quarrel witG themselves.

38 THBPANDEX

Consequently, they were able to announce So this experiment of a co-operative mine,

they would go right along digging and selling owned as well as worked by the miners, has

coal, even if a strike settled over a greater part proved successful,

of the country. The men say that they have enjoyed their

This brought them a great deal of additional freedom and independence, and in a financial

business. Consumers hastened to make contracts way they have fared much better than their fel-

with a concern that had no fear of a strike low-workmen, employed by operators in the sur-

and was never crippled by labor troubles. rounding territory under the old conditions.

SONG OF THE PLOW

I'll sing you a song of the plow; deep with my
tempered share
I furrow the earth, the rich brown earth, pav-
ing the way for spoil.
With joy I bend to my task, guided with sturdy
care —
Prom dawn till dusk I follow the way through

loam and fragrant soil.
And sing as I go my way.

From dawn till the sunset's gold.
And I sleep when the world is gray —
Deep in the morn's enfold.

I come with the lark and thrush, and my good
steel shimmers bright.
Steady I turn my furrows deep that fields
may grow and wave;
The bread of the world is mine, reared by my
strength and might,
And I scatter it wide, from land to land, that

all may say I gave.
And I sing as I go my way,

From dawn till the sunset's gold.
And I sleep when the world is gray —
Deep in the morn's enfold.

My share came from the earth, and so to the
earth I cleave.
And I shall cling to its breast fore'er, to serve
my master, man;
And never shall I forsake, and never my master
leave,
Till the world and Time are old and gray in

this, God's earthly plan.
But I sing as I go my way.

From dawn till the sunset's gold.
And I sleep when the world is gray —
Deep in the morn's enfold.

— Exchange.

THE PANDEX

'Consam ye, this ain't no time to fight!"

-Cleveland Plain Dealer.

BROADER THAN NATIONALITY

WORLD COMPLICATIONS WHICH MAY COMPEL AMERICANS TO AN

ENLARGED VIEWPOINT.— JAPANESE CONTROVERSY BUT

ONE OF MANY WITH WHICH THE COUNTRY

IS BEING CONFRONTED

HOWEVER great America's traffic prob-
lem, however pressing the repeated
money crises, or hoM'ever reassuring the pro-
gress that has been made in the regulation of
corporations and the reform of general poli-
tics, there still lie before the country issues
and burdens which are likely to make these
appear only as preparatory steps. For, not
only is the nation already confronted with the
gravity of the Japanese controversy, but its
entire economic system has reached the point
where it can probably no longer stand alone
without reference to the systems of other

countries; its postal agreements are in jeop-
ardy, its friendship with Great Britain is
being assailed for strategic purposes by
enemies of Great Britain, its fraternity with
Mexico may sooner or later be strained be-
cause of the revolt of a section of the Mex-
ican people against the liberality with which
commercial concessions have been made to
Americans; its precipitation into the vex-
atious storms of Africa is almost inevitable
thru the recalcitrancy of Morocco and the
reckless challenging of human decency by
King Leopold in the Congo Free State, and

THE PANDEX

it is only a question of time when, the pres-
ent Sultan of Turkey dying and the coun-
try remaining in debt to the United States,
participation must be had in the perennial
international vortex that sweeps around the
Bosporus and the Adi-iatie.

FOREIGN COMPLEXITIES CONFRONTED

Some of the Considerations With Which the
President Was Recently Burdened.

A few of the international difficulties
which the President had before him when
he spoke so strongly on the Japanese ques-
tion were thus reflected by John Callan
O'Laughlin, the Washington correspondent
of the Chicago Tribune:

Washington, D. C— President Roosevelt
punctuated his consideration of various domestic
questions by dealing with those of international
moment. The questions involving foreign rela-
tions ranged from Morocco in the near east to
Japan in the far east, from Newfoundland in the
north to Cuba and Santo Domingo in the south.
Through all ran the subject which, is especially
close to the heart of the President and Secretary
Root — expansion of American trade.

Secretary Root and Assistant Secretary Bacon
lunched with the President, and discussed the va-
rious matters mentioned. And Secretary Met-
calf submitted his report on his investigation of
the Japanese school incident in San Francisco.

Regarding Morocco, it appears that the pow-
ers are raising numerous questions under the
treaty signed on April 7 last at Algeciras, Spain,
including the military occupation by the forces
of France and Spain. It has been determined
to pursue in this affair a 'hands off' policy, and
leave Europe to settle the disturbances which are
injurious to the trade of all countries.

Expect England to Respect Modus.

As far as Newfoundland is concerned, the
United States will continue to look to Great
Britain to prevent any annoyance of American
fishermen by the colonial authorities and to see
that the latter respect the modus vivendi ar-
ranged by Secretary Root and Sir Edward Grey,
the British Secretary of State for Foreign Af-
fairs.

The new treaty with Santo Domingo will be
signed probably this week and the President
urged upon Senator Cullom, who is chairman of
the important Committee of Foreign Affairs, to
press it for ratification by the Senate immediate-
ly after that body convenes.

Governor Magoon is doing as well as could be
expected in Cuba under the circumstances, and
there will be no .change in the policy he is pur-
suing.

The President has approved the steps taken
by Secretary Root to adjust tho tariff questions
which have ari.sen with German.v, Spain, and
Italy, and it is apparent he is in hearty sym-
pathy with the plan of reciprocal trade relations
wherever it can be adopted.

The Senate is the great obstacle in the way of
the satisfactory achievement of general reci-
procity, as it has giveji unmistakable evidence of
its unwillingness to ratify any treaties dealing
with this subject.

NATIONAL TRADE HITS SNAGS.

Tariff Differences With Europe Act as Curb on
Commercial Growth.

Something of the trade aspect of the in-
ternational situation was also given by the
above writer:

(By John Callan O'Laughlin.)

Washington, D. C. — There is no concealing the
fact that the administration is becoming more
and more concerned over the present status of
the commercial relations of the United States
with various European countries.

An effort is being made through mutual dis-
cussion in Berlin to pave the way to the re-
moval of tariff diffei-ences with Germany. Aus-
tro-Hungary, taking its cue from the policy of
its (lerman all.y, has excluded American meats.
Spain has negotiated new commercial treaties
against which the United States can make no
complaint, but which are harmful to American
trade. Now Italy, according to news received at
the state department to-day, is about to conclude
an arrangement with Russia which will kill the
valuable oil trade between the United States and
the Italian kingdom.

To add to the sum of our commercial woes,
the differences with Newfoundland over the fish
eries question are arousing so much resentment
in that British dependency that apprehension is
felt here it will embark upon a policy of dis-
crimination against American products.

CANADA BALKS AT MAIL

Cancels Its Convention with United States on
Second-Class Matter.

An instance of the unavoidable overlap-
ping of American domestic problems into
the international field is reflected in the re-
volt of Canada against the excesses of
American second-class postal matter, con-
troversy over which has become somewhat
strained within the United States. Said
the Chicago Record-Herald:

THE P AND EX

^^v ^
rf

The California View of It.

^Pittsburg Gazette-Times.

Ottawa. — The Canadian postal authorities
have canceled the convention with the United
States for the exchange of seeond-class mail mat-
ter. The Po-stmaster General of Canada is
authority also for the statement that the entire
postal arrangements as between the Dominion
and the United States are undergoing a sweeping
revision.

It may be pointed out tliat many years ago it
was agreed by the governments of the two coun-
tries that each should handle all the newspapers
and other second-class mail matter originating
in the other country free of charge. This ar-
rangement operated considerably to the disad-
vantage of Canada, for not only did the United
States offer Canada ten times the weight of
newspapers that Canada offered the United

States, but Americans threw open their second-
class list to printed matter that, in this country,
was treated as advertising merchandise and only
carried at the rate of eight cents a pound.

As such printed matter originated in the
United States, it came to Canada as second-class
matter and was carried at the rate of one cent
or one-half cent a pound, according to circum-
stances. This state of affairs has been regarded
as giving Americans a privilege in Canada from
which Canadians themselves were excluded, and
it allowed a flood of advertising matter to come
in which had the effect of diverting a consider-
able quantity of trade to American firms which
should have gone to Canadians. Efforts to get
the United States authorities to change their sec-
ond-class conditions not being successful, it was

THE PANDEX

therefore decided that Canada would cancel the
convention after May 1 next. This will give the
two countries an opportunity to make necessary
changes in the classification of their second-class
matter, and it is expected that an agreement will
again be made for the exchange of newspaper
mail matter on a more equitable basis. If a new
agreement is not reached all American publica-
tions will have to pay postage at the rate of
eight cents a pound to enter Canada.

GERMAN MEAT DUTY HURTS

OFFERS A TARIFF SOP

Canada Provides an "Intermediate" Schedule
for Strategic Uses.

Larger in potential difficulty than the
mail problem betv^een the United States and
Canada, looms the tariff, whose latest phase
is shown by the Philadelphia North Ameri-
can:

Toronto, Ont. — Speaking generally, the new
Canadian tariff just presented to Parliament
makes an all-round increase of five per cent on
goods imported from the United States.

British preference has been lowered five per
cent, which will operate against American im-
portations. Much dissatisfaction is heard be-
cause the Government refused to place a duty
on tinplate and thus protect a Canadian indus-
try which is as yet in its swaddling clothes.

A new feature is the arrangement of the tariff.
Hitherto there have been only two divisons in
the protectionist schedules, the general tariff and
the British preference. Both these are con-
tinued, and there is added an intermediate tariff
in which the rates generally are one-tenth less
than those in the general tariff.

This new tariff is not to go into effect at once.
It is to be used in negotiating with countries that
will make tariff deductions in favor of Canadian
exports. In such cases it may be put into force
by order in council. The arrangement then
made will continue only from day to day and may
be ended at any time at the instance of either
party to the arrangement.

When it takes on a permanent character it will
be submitted to the Canadian Parliament, and
after having received its sanction the treaties
that are so approved will be negotiated through
the British Foreign Office in the usual way.

Here are some of the tariff increases against
the United States:

Silverware, perfumery, toilet articles, baths,
bath tubs, 30 to 35 per cent ; vegetables, hats and
caps, satchels, purses, cloaks, watches, 25 to 35
per cent ; typesetting machines, 10 to 20 ; bar-
ley, 20 to 30; collars, silk manufacturers, 35 to
371/2; brick and clay manufactures, 20 to 221/2!
brushes and canned meats, 25 to 27%, and raw
sugars, 15 per cent.

Lemons and oranges are placed in the free list.
On agricultural implements the duty is reduced
from 20 to 171/^ per cent. Iron and steel boun-
ties are continued for four years longer.

American Packers Pinched by the Increased
Duties and Closer Inspection.
Something of how this same tariff and
reciprocity matter carries the American re-
sponsibilities across the Atlantic is shown
in the following from the Chicago Record-
Herald : (By William E. Curtis.)

Washington. — George Marsles, head of the
foreign department of the Cudahy Packing Com-
pany, calls my attention to the fact that there
was a sharp advance in the rates of duty on
American pork products in Germany on the 1st
of March of this year, which was dictated by
the agrarian party. Bacon was advanced from
twenty marks to thirty-six marks per 100 kilos,
which is equal to nearly four cents a pound, and
the duty upon the new beef products that are
allowed entrance was more than doubled, the ad-
vance being from seventeen to thirty-five marks,
or from about one and three-quartei-s to three
and three-quarters cents per pound. This in-
creased duty, with the high prices of pork prod-
ucts at home, due to the enormous demands for
home consumption on account of good times, will
render it very difficult to sell meat in Germany.
"In addition to the high duties," said Mr. Mar-
bles, "there are all sorts of inspection fees and
annoying regulations at the frontier. We had an
instance the other day when a shipment of ours
of 250 half-barrels of lard was held up on the
ground that it contained cottonseed oil. We
protested that the lard was pure, but each and
every one of the 250 packages was subjected to
a chemical analysis. The result was that 248
half-barrels were passed and two were rejected,
and we had to pay a bill of $75 for the chemists'
fees. ' '

Mr. Marsles showed me a letter he had just
received from Cudahy 's agent at Frankfort, who
says that "all meat is very dear here, and the
large stock of American bacon which we had
on hand has now vanished into the interiors of
our poor laborers, who, I am afraid, have very
little bacon or meat to bite on. Even if they
buy American meats the duties and expenses are
so exorbitant that the retailers are compelled to
ask immense prices. For example, American
bacon is now retailed here at one mark per
pound, which is equal to twenty-five cents."

TO SEND POOR TO UNITED STATES

Alleged Plot in Japan to Encourage Emigration
to America.

Also that the immigrational system of the
country must be vitally reorganized has
been a political purpose for two or three
years. One reason why this must take place
is reflected in the following from the Chi-
cago Record-Herald:

THE P A N D E X

suim !

THE UNSIGHTLY WALL.

-Chicago Record-Herald.

44 •

THE PANDEX

Washington, D. C. — In connection with the Jap^
anese controversy California members of Congress
are using a forgotten, but very sensational, re-
port made in 1S!)9 to the Commissioner (ieneral
of Immigration by Mr. W. M. Rice, Commis-
sioner of Immigration at San Francisco, and
transmitted to Congress under a resolution of
inquiry by Mr. Lyman J. Gage, Secretary of the
Treasury, on May 14, 1900.

As a preliminary to the report Mr. T. V. Pow-
derly. Commissioner General of Immigration,
said that Mr. Rice had been dispatched to Japan,
where he had spent several months making his
investigation, and added :

''The report of this officer expressed tlie opin-
ion that such immigration was fostei'ed by a
number of societies, among whose members were
found Japanese subjects high in political and
social life, and that the occasion of the organiza-
tion of such societies, while ostensibly for the
purpose of furnishing passports to such subjects
of the Mikado as desired to come to this country
and to insure that only such as were admissible
under the laws of the United States should em-
bark for the purpose of temporary or permanent
settlement here, the true occasion was the large
profit derived from commissions paid either
directly by the immigrants or through the
agency of the steamship lines.

In his report Mr. Rice discloses how he ob-
tained evidence that there was an important
industry in Japan for inducing and assisting
immigration to the United States, because the
soil of Japan could not support the enormous
population and because the United States offered
opportunities for Japanese to work at cheap
wages, but far larger than those received at
home. He found that the system had been built
up through a combination of the wealthy and
political classes, which created immigration com-
panies which acted in connection with the gov-
ernment and steamship companies.

IN A DIPLOMATIC DUEL

Roosevelt's Act May Be Master Stroke Which
Will Solve Problem.

While the Pacific Coast became very much
incensed over the President's attitude in the'
Japanese matter, there were some close stu-
dents of international affairs who saw in the
entire dispute the following, as noted in the
Chicago Record-Herald:

(By Sumner.)

Washington. — The United States has made
the flret stroke in a game that seems likely to
match the diplomacy of America and the
diplomacy of Japan in a supreme test,
the destinies of the Orient. President Roose-
velt's message to Congress on the San Francisco
school question, assuring Japan of the sincere

intention of this Government to carry out to
the strict letter all treaty obligations, eventually
may prove a master stroke in the direction of
reaching an agreement that will not place Japan
in a position where its pride will suffer injury,
and at the same time give the Pacific Coast peo-
ple of our own country no cause to harbor anger
or indignation over the Japanese question.

The administration is most desirous of retain-
ing the highest regard of the Japanese Govern-
ment. But also it has at heart the interest of
Americans, who in the case now to the front
happen to be particularly the people of the
Pacific Coast. There may be found good reason
for changing treaty stipulations to the extent
of restricting immigration along certain lines,
and strong intimations were given from high
official sources to-day that such a move is possi-
ble. President Roosevelt's recommendation to
Congress that an act be passed specifically pro-
viding for the naturalization of Japanese who
come here intending to become American citizens
will go a long way toward convincing the Gov-
ernment beyond the Pacifi? of our earnest desire
to treat it on a basis of absolute equality, the
same as we treat the people of any of the coun-
tries of Europe — provided that they amalg imate
and become part of our population, in fact, as
do the peoples of other favored countries.

It may be pointed out to Japan that if con-
ditions were reversed and a tide of American
emigration to its shores set in, resulting in the
formation of alien colonies in its country, a
race feeling might grow up there which would
be as disagreeable to the .lapanese Government
as the California situation is to our Government.
But the tide of emigraticfn is all the other way.
Our citizens in Japan are either merchants — men
of affaire — or tourists, mostly the latter. The
Japanese in this country, increasing at a rapid
rate, are of the labor-seeking class, who retain
their Japanese status under the protection of
our laws and treaties with respect to aliens. The
conditions that have arisen were not foreseen
when the treaty with Japan was negotiated in
1894, and that treaty has six years of life re-
maining.

Secretary of State Root is not only behind the
President in all that has been developed up to
date in the more than sensational Japanese
affair, but it developed that it is his
diplomacy that is being played. Secretary Root,
in fact, is managing the situation so far as the
American end of it is concerned.

The situation has developed its theorists on
both sides, and, while there are those who look
to see a great triumph for American diplomacy
that will maintain the record made during Sec-
retary Hay's administration of the State De-
partment when troublesome Eastern problems
perplexed the statesmen of all the great world
powers, there are others who contend that Japan
occupies the advantageous position now, and
later will make a stroke against us in the inter-
national arena for which it long has been waiting-
opportunity.

THE PANDEX

THE COAST HAS A SOLUTION

How California Would Settle the Controversy
with the Japanese.

San Frandsco. — California has a plan for the
settlement of the Japanese embroglio in connec-
tion with the school situation and the invasion
of the little brown men. and it now comes forth
with a series of provisions as a basis of a settle-
ment as follows :

The Federal Government to enact a new treaty
with Japan, excluding Japanese coolie labor
from the United States and Hawaii, and Amer-
ican labor from Japan.

Japanese contract labor importations to cease.

Equality in public schools, with separate
schools for adult Japanese desiring primary and
grammar .school training.

A decision by the United States Supreme
Court on the state's right to pass anti-miscegena-
tion and school laws.

The Federal Government to decide the right
of franchise for the Japanese, California sug-
gesting only Federal cognizance of Japanese
class distinctions in passing the law.

Keep the question out of the hands of Con-
gress.

ASIATIC HORDES ELSEWHERE

Mexico and Great Britain Become Alarmed Over
Situation.

One of the most strenuous contentions
of the opponents of the Japanese was that
their immigraion but foreshadowed a gen-
eral immigration of Asiatics. That some
ground existed for this apprehension is evi-
dent from the following dispatch in the
St. Louis Republic :

Washington. — America's incipient imbroglio
with Japan, together with reports from Mexico
that Japanese colonists in that republic are com-
plaining bitterly to their Government regarding
treatment alleged to be cruel and unjust ; Brit-
ain's troubles in Australia, springing from an
anti-Asiatic feeling among her subjects in that
section of the world, and the Orient's aggressive
stand in matters relating to encroachments upon
her territory, have brought students of world
politics to the belief that the German Emperor's
outcry against the ' ' yellow peril ' ' is not with-
out cause.

Added to' this is the announcement that Jap-
anese military operations are very active and '
that the Japanese cabinet has decided upon a
policy which will increase the standing anny of
the island empire to 7.')0.000 men, making her
fighting force equivalent to that of many of the
greatest military nations of Europe and entirely
eclipsing the soldiery immediately available in
the United States.

China Assembling an Efficient Army.

This declaration of Japan's new policy conies
rapidly upon the heels of confirmed reports of
China's awakening and her assembling of an
efficient army.

European army officers who have recently
viewed the maneuvers of China's fighting force
express the belief that a bettpr drilled, better
disciplined, and better equipped soldiery does not
exist in any nation.

Despite the strained relations between the
United States and Japan, growing out of the
San Francisco public-school fiasco, no fear
exists in the minds of Washington's diplomats
that any serious difficulty will result.

That some understanding relative to the im-
migration of Japanese coolies into the United
States must be arrived at between the two na-
tions is the opinion expressed on every hand, and
that Japan will be willing and eager to enter into
such a readjustment of affairs is not doubted.

Japan Wants Natives to Go to Manchuria.

It is pointed out by public men familiar with
the policies of the Japanese Government that
the emigration of her farming class to the Pacific
Coast and other parts of the Western Hemi-
sphere is not sanctioned by the Mikado, nor by
any of his advisers, but that the wish of Japan
is to turn the tide of emigrants to the fields of
Korea and Manchuria where their work will
count more for the prosperity of their own Gov-
ernment.

HINDOOS INVADE CANADA

British Columbia Finds a Campaign of Exclusion
Is Imperative.

The .same thing was further obvious from
the following dispatch in the Associated
Press :

Vancouver, B. C. — British Columbia has deter-
mined to wage war against the Hindoo invasion.
Two hundred more of these cheap laborei*s ar-
rived on the Athenian, a large number are en.,
route on the Empress of Japan, and the Monteagle
is to bring one hundred. In fact, there is a large
colony waiting at Hongkong to take ship for
Vancouver. There is no law to keep them out,
but this province will, demand of the Dominion
Parliament that it pass one at the session to be
held at Ottawa next month. R. G. Macpherson,
M. P. for this city, has already started the cam-
paign in this direction. In fact, he has just re-
turned from the Federal Cabinet, and stated that
the Dominion Government is so alive to the
menace that it has decided to introduce restric-
tive legislation.

A Hindoo named Dr. Davichand is the apparent
moving spirit in this Asiatic invasion. He and
those working with him are said to have 20,000
more contracted for, who will shortly leave Cal-
cutta for here.

THE PANDEX

Bernhard Dernburg, the New Head of the
Kaiser's Colonial Department, as a German Car-
toonist Sees Him.

— Chicago Tribune.

The passage of these Hindoos through Hong-
kong and Shanghai, and the tales told of wealth
in British Columbia are causing trouble in the
Sikh departments in those cities, many of the
men who are now acting as police there desiring
to throw up their jobs to join in the rush to the
El Dorado, which they imagine this province to
be. To those who formerly earned a few pence
a day the wages offered in British Columbia seem
vondrous large.

TRYING TO MAKE ILL FEELING.

Attempt to Show German-American Hostility to
England.

"With the United States at tension with
Japan, naturally the alliance of Japan with
Great Britain becomes of paramount im-
portance. The following from the Chicago
News shows something of the value placed
upon this point:

London. — It is suspected at the Foreign Office
and the American embassy that systematic efforts
are in progress in some quarters further to re-

frigerate Anglo-American relations. President
Roosevelt is represented as being in close and
confidential communication with the Kaiser and
af favoring an understanding between Germany
and America to act in harmony if Japan should
menace the white race.

American Flag Story Discredited.

In the House of Commons last' night Sir Ed-
ward Grey, secretary of state for foreign affairs,
was asked if he had heard that in the event of
a war involving Germany, the German merchant
marine would he taken under the protection of
the American flag. Sir Edward replied in the
negative. Afterward the gossip of the members
in the lobby centered upon the puzzle as to the
origin of such a report.

Misrepresents the Alliance.

Late dispatches from New York indicate an
attempt to circulate the notion in America that
the Anglo-Japanese alliance of August, 1905,
"contains no clause relieving the British people
of the necessity of supporting the Japanese
should Japan engage in a conflict with the United
States." Such a notion, according to official
information, entirely misrepresents the alliance.
In the first place, the treaty relates exclusively to
matters connected with the Far East — Asia and
India; secondly, neither of the contracting powers
can start a war without the consent of the other,
and, thirdly, neither is bound to assist the other
in resisting aggression unless the attack is upon
the territorial rights or special interests of the
second power. The special interests of Britain,
as defined by the treaty, refer to the Indian fron-
tier and those of Japan to Korea. Even as to
Korea, Japan is expressly prohibited from in-
fringing on the principle of equal opportunities
for the industry and commerce of all nations.

Conditions of Aid in War.

This principle forms one of the three main
objects of the treaty, and Lord Lansdown em-
phasized the point when the agreement was pub-
lished that only an "unprovoked attack" could
bring either party to the support of the other,
and such attack must take place when the country
attacked is defending its territorial rights and
special interests as indicated in the text of the
treaty. The Daily News correspondent is assured
that the Foreign Office regards the Philippines as
quite outside the scope of the agreement.

JAPAN NOT AFTER JAVA

Sensational Report in an Italian Paper Denied
on Good Authority.

For several years Japan has been accused
of looking with envy upon the Philippines
and therefore of watching for an oppor-
tunity to provoke a quarrel with the United
States. Another phase of the Mikado's al-

THE PANDEX

leged territorial ambition is reflected in the
following from the Chicago News:

The Hague. — The Italian paper, the Giornale del
Lavori Publice, contains a sensational article
which has been copied by the German press and

demonstration against Java. Many Japanese
spies and agents have overrun Java in every
direction; the important towns swarm with Jap-
anese agents, who are trying to win the natives
for the Mikado's Government and inciting to
revolt against Dutch rule. Every day encounters

CHEER UP, WILHELM!

-Chicago Tribune.

which alludes to Japan's military and naval
preparations as being directed against the Dutch
East Indies. It says: "Japan's naval and mili-
tary preparations, which are being pushed with
feverish haste, are directed against the Dutch
Indian island of Java. All the arsenals and
dockyards are overcrowded with work. The
Mikado's Government intends to make a naval

occur between Japanese sailors and Dutch sub-
jects, and several armed conflicts have taken
place. By its geographical and strategic position
Java would be of great importance to Japan, and
the great natural wealth of the country would
render Japan independent of Western European
nations. ' '

THE PANDEX

No Truth in Reports.

It seems that the influential papers of the
foreign press have taken the sensational news
seriously, and so it is necessary that it should be
immediately denied from Dutch sources. I can
most authoritatively deny the truth of all these
rumors with reference to Java. In Dutch Indian
circles nothing is known about conflicts between
the Dutch and Japanese sailors or about the secret
working of Japanese agents among the natives.
Sporadically the Indian press has made mention
of sujjposed Japanese spies who have been ar-
rested on suspicion only. Three instances oc-
curred during or just after the Russo-Japanese
war and may be ascribed to the fear of the
Japanese Government that Russia might try to
violate the neutrality of Holland by coaling or
taking on contraband goods in Dutch Indian har-
bors. The Dutch Indian Government affirms that
relations between Japan and the Dutch colonies
are of the most friendly nature, and that nothing
warrants the spread of such sensational reports.

In well-informed circles it is asserted that
Japan is far too clever to contemplate any such
risky scheme.

COMPLICATIONS WITH MEXICO

KNOWS JAPAN'S DEFENSES

United States Carefully Charting Fortifications
of the Mikado's Empire.

A phase of the Japanese situation likely
too reassuring to Americans, is the follow-
ing, as given in the Chicago' News :

AVashington, D. C. — The Government has in its
possession maps showing the defenses of Japan.
The attempt of the Japanese to sketch the forti-
fications in Manila has disclosed the fact that the
War Department is compiling much information
about those of the Mikado. No underhand
methods are employed.

Maps showing everything of military value or
significance, together with other information,
have been procured, and the work already done
ir. remarkably complete.

The undertaking is not based on any particular
impression that Japan is likely to become an
enemy, though among army and navy men it is
the general opinion that there is more likelihood
of complications with Japan than with any other
country.

In gathering military information American
countries and .Japan have received the most at-
tention. Canada, for instance, is well in hand,
and Cuba has been charted with the greatest
detail and exactness.

These maps, verified and kept corrected to date,
would be of the greatest value in case of war.
fhe Japanese owed much of their Manchurian
campaign to their superior intelligence service,
each Japanese commander being ^'ell supplied
with information at the beginning of his cam-
paign.

Irrigation Problem Along the Rio Grande In-
volves United States.

Last Month's Pandex showed the relation
of the United States to the incipient but
abortive revolutionary movement in Mexico.
Another, and perhaps more serious point of
relationship is the following, ■ as shown in
the New York World:

Austin, Tex. — Without flourish of trumpets,
the Boundary Commission has visited Brownsvillt
to see whether the big Yoakum irrigation project
is getting the United States into trouble with
Mexico through diverting a large share of the
waters of the Rio Grande.

No report upon the conclusions of the Commis-
. sion has been made public. There is no doubt,
nevertheless, that it learned enough to keep some
of the wise ones at Washington busy for some
time, and incidentally, probably set in motion
plans for smoothing over the abstraction of about
one-fifth of the entire flow of the Rio Grande
for private use.

The troublesome phase of the ease lies in the
relation of the river to the two republics. If an
American syndicate can take one-fifth of the
waters of the river at one point, there is no
logical reason whj' a similar syndicate can not
take a similar amount elsewhere, or why Mexicans
may not use the water as the Americans are
doing.

Reduced to a logical conclusion, the present
operation and possible succeeding ones would
permit the absorption of the entire water supply
of the river, leaving Biownsville. a river town,
without a river, and permitting constant passage
across the border of all classes of undesirable
persons.

Mexico would not tolerate the building of
canals, and it is expected that the Republic may
ask some questions about the violation of her
rights. The pumps do in a technically legal way
what it would be unlawful for canals to do.

Development of this great scheme has gone on
very quietly. It is the greatest irrigation enter-
prise ever undertaken by private capital. Mil-
lions are expended in making lands worth many
times their cost and the cost of the improvements.

But Mexico is very jealous of the Rio Grande.
It is a boundary line that can not be disputed
under the law. If it should be allowed to be
obliterated — only a vague possibility, but still.
a possibility — it would open the way for . the
powerful rival Republic on the north to encroach
on the weaker one on the south. So, Mexico is
wisely disposed to look upon any movement that
may hamper the flow of the river with a jealous
eye. What action it may take is purely prob-
lematic,' since this question has never before
arisen. - - . .

THE P A N D E X

PROBLEM IS WORLD VEXATIOUS London.— The question of relations between tlie

■ white race and peoples of other colors is one of

White Man's Burden Stirring Minds of Diplo- almost world-wide agritation at the present mo-
mats in All Europe. ment. It occupies the public mind in England,
mi i ii, TT -i J c-i i • i 1 • .. Germany, Belgium, France, and Spain.
That the United States is not alone in the The Congo question has passed from the stage

-"i>'^i.

THE KONGO WILL BE ALL RIGHT PRESENTLY.

"John D. Rockefeller, Jr., is a stockholder in the new American Kongo Company." — News
Item. — Chicago News.

problem which San Francisco's school board of sentimental discussion to a serious inter-
has precipitated is made evident by the national issue Despite the scathing condemna-
^ 1^ •' tion of King Leopold in the Belgian Parliament,
Chicago Tribune's dispatches: it is doubtful if genuine refonns will be volun-

THE PANDEX

tarily adopted which will lead Great Britain to
abandon its declared intention to intervene in
behalf of the natives.

Should England step in the world shall see
the first serious test of the Anglo-French entente,
for in all previous international attempts to deal
with the Congo question France has supported
Germany, and there is little doubt that Germany
will continue to oppose any interference by the
powers.

If the Clemeneeau Government reverses its
former position and supports Groat Brits in, then
for the first time the world will realize the
momentous and far-reaching importance of the
recent regrouping of the powers, which has
changed the direction of modern political history.

Rough Work to Quiet Moors.

France and Spain are on the eve of the execu-
tion of their mandate to reduce the turbulent
Moors to order. There is every indication that
their task is more formidable than the delegates
at Algeciras expected. Rough work, approach-
ing war on a small scale, seems probable.

Germany watches with jealous eye, but appar-
ently it has no intention to render the task more
difficult either by real or threatened interference.

Germany, indeed, has a race scandal of its own
of the blackest description. No story of the
Congo or of Russian ante bellum atrocities in
Manchuria can compare in horror with that told
in the Reichstag recently by Herr Bebel.

The Socialist leader described the extermina-
tion of whole villages in Southwest Africa by
German troops, which massacred adults and then
drowned children in the river. The most the
Government could say in reply was that there
had been abuses, but that the reports were ex-
aggerated. The Spectator says:

"There is positive danger lest the whole native
population of Africa become permeated with a
dread and hatred of white men. It is reported
from many quarters that this feeling already is
betraying itself throughout the vast dominion of
the Congo State. It may easily spread south-
ward and northward till the entire continent is
filled with a hostility to Europe resembling that
which three hundred years ago undermined the
ascendancy of the triumphant Spanish monarchy.

Blacks May Band Against Whites.

"There is a comity of the blacks as there is in
the white world. Though the black is prepared
to be governed by his white superior with a cer-
tain absolutism, he will not bear that unreason-
able cruelty which keeps him in perpetual terror
as well as a kind of bewilderment concerning
what is required of him.

"However stern the conquerors are in enforc-
ing their own superior civilization they must be
on the side of justice, however harsh it may be
to themselves. They must avoid a cruelty which
suggests to their victims that they are in the
hands rather of evil demons than of able fighting
men.

"The whites must learn what was early learned

in India — to let the women alone. Negresses are
not English ladies, but they care for their
children. If some of the stories 'told in the Ger-
man Parliament be true there may be hatred of
white men handed down through villages from
generation to generation, and Europeans won't
rule Africa.

"Mussulman missionaries, already thousands
in number, can say with truth that where the
Christian is there is the habitation of cruelty."

The British Government finds itself faced with
a similar difficulty in the Transvaal as confronts
Roosevelt in California's anti- Japanese action.

The inhabitants of the Transvaal resent the
competition of the natives of India who have im-
migrated into the country. They have endeavored
to discriminate against them by imposing serious
disabilities by law. The victims appealed to the
home government, wheh has vetoed the act.

AMERICA GETS INTO THE CONGO

Ryan Secures Rubber Concessions in the Country
of Scandals.
How the American people, willy nilly, may
be thrown into the African battle is shown
in the following from the New York Amer-
ican:

New York.- — Confirmation of the many vague
reports received from the Continent in recent
months of the enlistment of American capital in
the development of Central African mineral fields
has been obtained from the Ryan-Guggenheim
interests in an acknowledgment that they have
obtained mineral rights in the Congo Free State,
and are proceeding with the organization of a
company to explore and develop the new field.

The concession, which is a part of the rights
obtained from King Leopold personally, and from
the Belgian Government by Thomas F. Ryan, dur-
ing his stay abroad last summer, covers an area
of many thousand square miles.

It has been known in a general way since the
earliest days of African exploration that there
are large mineral deposits, including copper,
silver, and gold, in the Free State territory, and,
though the field still remains largely unmapped,
it was said at the Guggenheim office recently that
quiet work has been going on in the district of
late years, which has confirmed the early finds
beyond doubt. John Hays Hammond, now chief
director of the Guggenheim field work, gained a
large part of his reputation as a mining engineer
in the South African gold fields, and during the
years he spent in Africa had opportunities of
gaining knowledge of the mineral wealth of
Central Africa which, it is said, has been chiefly
responsible for the venture of the Guggenheims
into this untried field. Already the firm headed
by Daniel Guggenheim is the largest single pro-
ducer of precious metals in the world, and is
credited with, supplying about 25 per cent of the
copper produced in this country.

It could not be learned on what terms the

THE PANDEX

African mineral concessions had been obtained,
but it is understood that they are part of the
general grant obtained by Mr. Ryan, which was
announced at first as applying only to the rubber
lands owned by King Leopold. The American
Congo Company was incorporated at Albany a
few weeks ago in the interest of Thomas F. Ryan,
the Messrs. Guggenheim, Edward B. Aldrich, and
John D. Rockefeller, Jr., to take over the rubber
privileges.

The mineral exploitation will be undertaken by
a foreign corporation, it was said authoritatively,
but whether this would be organized in England
or on the Continent could not be definitely
learned. Neither could it be ascertained whether
the Ryan-Guggenheim interests intend to carry
on the work alone or with the aid of French and
English capitalists whom cable reports credit
with having been jointly interested with Mr.
Ryan in the negotiations with King Leopold.

MOVE TO OVERTHROW SULTAN

MAY LOSE BIG COLOfTY

Ties Said to Be Weakening Between Australia
and Mother Country.

With Anglo-American friendship threat-
ened by international intrigue, the fate that
may befall English colonies, especially in the
Pacific ocean, becomes of importance. Said
the Chicago Record-Herald:

Ottawa, Ont. — That Australia will, in the near
future, declare for political independence is, ac-
cording to G. W. Inglis, who passed through here
on his way to Europe, the opinion prevalent in
that country just now. Mr. Inglis is a member of
the Australian Parliament, a prominent exporter
of Melbourne and in touch with public sentiment
throughout the commonwealth. He states that the
ties are weakening between Australia and the
mother country. Organized labor, which controls
the political situation in Australia, while neither
disloyal nor yet loyal, has no sympathy with im-
peVial connection. The Federation scheme itself
is not regarded by the people as having proved
anything of a success so far.

There is a feeling abroad in the country that
it is over-governed; that the system of govern-
ment is too costly, and that the administrative
chain is greatly strained by overlaping authority
and is liable to break at any moment. No actual
rupture, it is thought, will take place so long as
the country is enjoying a measure of pro.speritj'
with which it is at present favored, but it is
claimed that when the pinch of depression again
is felt, as it will be with the return of unfavor-
able seasons and the blighting effects of the
periodical drouth, there will be merciless cutting
down as the result, and something will give way.

Revolutionary Manifestos Call on Inhabitants of
Empire to End "Savage Oppression."

While Turkey remains in debt to the
United States, the following as to the in-
ternal conditions of the Ottoman Empire
bears special interest to American states-
men. It is from the Chicago Record-Herald :

Constantinople. — A number of revolutionary
manifestos, attributable to the young Turk move-
ment, are being circulated clandestinely here and
in the provinces. One of these, distributed by
an organization styling itself the Ottoman Liberal
Committee, advocates in moderate but explicit
language the re-establishment of the Constitution
of 1878 in revised form, rendering some of its
provisions more applicable to the needs of the
country, and invites Ottomans to unite for the
accomplishment of this object instead of by vyork-
ing in different directions, enabling a despotic
government to neutralize their efforts.

It declares that the new sovereign must pledge
himself to introduce the Constitution of 1878, in
return for which the nation shall respect the
rights of the imperial dynasty, especially the
mode of succession to the throne established by
centuries. The revised Constitution, it is added,
should rely on the ancient principles, including
the respect due to the sovereign's prerogatives,
equality and liberty in equal degree for all Otto-
mans, and a large degree of decentralization in
the provinces.

Another pamphlet purporting to emanate from
the same source invites the inhabitants of the
Empire without distinction to combine against
the "savage oppression of those unhealthy beings
who are the intermediaries of the cruelties and
persecutions of the sultans," and says that the
despotic government must be overthrown and law
and justice established.

The manifestos are considered indicative of the
feeling of general discontent prevailing through-
out the Turkish Empire.

BETWEEN GERMANY AND TURKEY

Kaiser's Government Not Trying to Rouse the
Moslems Against England.

The following, also, has similar interest
to the above. It is from the Chicago News :

Constantinople. — Much has been said about
German attempts to influence the Moslem world
against England but it is very doubtful whether
such is the case. At the very time when the
worst accusations were being made, namely when
the question of the Egyptian frontier was up, it
is a fact well known here that Germany was

T HE P A N D E X

advising the Sultan to give way, pointing out to
him that worse would befall him if he did not.
Of course, Germany has always been opposed
to England on commercial grounds, has done her
utmost to oust Great Britain, and has succeeded
in almost every attempt, the reason being that
the German Emperor, the German Government,
and German trade are all one and the same thing
and work together fox one end. The Germans
saw a large field in Turkey for German enter-
prise and left no stone unturned to secure it.

Has Trade in View.

The German Emperor's visit here in 1898 was
solely for the pui-pose of helping German trade,
and lie then made the granting of the Haidar
Pasha Harbor a personal matter and got it. All
the time he posed as the Sultan's friend, and
coming as he did when all Europe was down
on the Sultan after the Armenian massacres and
at the very moment when the Britisli troops were
massacred in Crete, it is not surprising that the
Sultan should have been taken in and believed
he had a real friend. The Emperor has proved a
friend in giving advice, but there it ends. In
variably when a crisis has occurred and the con-
cert of ^urope was threatening destruction,
Germany has always refused to help in coercion
and has always kept in the background, telling
the Sultan that Germany is his friend and will
not act against him, but at the same time advis-
ing him to give way or come to terms and also
at the same time getting some new concession.
In all this there is no special animus against
England, except that England is most in the way
and interferes with German commerce. England
was the stumbling block for a debouche for the
Bagdad Railway and had to be opposed.

RUSSIA IN SHAH'S KINGDOM

Has Steadily Lowered Great Britain's Imports
for Ten Years.

Another Oriental kingdom whose imme-
diate destiny may affect America is told
in the following from the Philadelphia In-
quirer :

London.^In the last few years Russia has
made wonderful strides in the Persian markets
and it is now stated that it predominates in the
trade there. This is due, it is said, as a result
of the friendly intercourse established between
the two countries.

Ten years ago the Russian imports into Persia
amounted to only fifteen per cent of those of
Great Britain. Now, however, Russia actually
imports more than England does, and the imports
of the latter country are steadily diminishing.
The reason for this is not far to seek: Russian
influence is now supreme in Northern Persia.
A new railway line for Russian commerce has
also been opened, facilitating the communication

between the two countries and enabling Russians
to compete successfully with other commercial
competitors.

The first section of this line, Tiflis-Alexandro-
pol, was opened as far back as 1899. A second
section, Alexandropol-Erivan, was then opened
in 1902, while the third section, Envan-Nake-
chevan-Jidfa to the Persian frontier, has re-
cently been completed. In this way a continuous
line has been constructed, connecting Central
Russia with Persia, running through Rostof,
Perofsk-Baladjar, and Tiflis. The distance from
St. Petersburg by this new railway is about
3000 miles, and from Moscow about 2600, or
six days' journey.

This new line, of course, very much shortens
the time formerly required for the journey by
way of Baku or Petrofsk, as it obviates the ne-
cessity of a long caravan journey. It is now
proposed to extend this new line from Julfa
through Persian territory as far as Tabriz, the
Moscow of Persia and by far the largest trading
center of that cotmtry.

The surveys for this railway were made by
the Russian engineers in 1900-01 at the same
time as those for the Alexandropol-Julfa line,
and the intimate relations at present existing
between the two countries render the realization
of this scheme only a matter of time, as the con-
struction of the final link in the chain of com-
munication has already been begun.

The Russian Government hopes to have the
line completed and in thorough working order
early next year. It will be extremely interesting
to see which extraneous power (if any) is to
predominate in the commerce of the kingdom of
the Shah.

AUSTRIAN SUCCESSION A PROBLEM

Ex-Grand Duke of Tuscany, or His Children,
May Succeed to Throne.

A country, the life of whose ruler the
aspiring German emperor watches with a
keenness that bears great international im-
port is Austria-Hungary, concerning whose
probable succession to the throne the St.
Louis G-lobe-Demoerat has printed the fol-
lowing : ■

When Archduke Leopold of Austria volun-
tarily surrendered his imperial rank and pre-
rogatives, as well as his Austrian citizenship, to
wed a little actress, and became a citizen of
Switzerland under the name of Leopold Wolf-
ling, he probable failed to appreciate the fact
that he was sacrificing not only his status as a
prince of the reigning house but likewise the
thrones of Austria and Hungary. True, at that
time his prospects of succession may have
seemed somewhat remote. But since then there

The p a x d e x

UNCLE SAM AS A JAPANESE PAPER SEES HIM.

This cartoon, taken from the Tokio Puck, had the following caption attached to it: "Pan-
American Trust." Uncle Sam, who has already swallowed the Philippines and the Hawaiian
Islands and has lately seized the Cuban republic, is now contemplating a Pan-American trust
to look down on the Old World.

has been a change and to-day he would be re-
garded in the light of an heir presumptive to
Emperor Francis Joseph's crown.

As everybody knows, that venerable monarch
lost his only son at Meyerling, and is therefore
without male issue. His eldest nephew, Arch-
duke Francis Ferdinand, the heir apparent, is
morganatically married, and has solemnly
pledged himself never to attempt, when
emperor, to endow his morganatic sons
with imperial prerogatives or rights to
the throne. Francis Ferdinand's next

brother. Otto, has just died, leaving two sons,
namely Charles Francis and Maximilian, both of
whom are delicate, the elder one especially so.
After them comes their father's youngest
brother, Archduke Charles Louis, who is in-
fatuated with the daughter of Professor Czuber
of the Vienna University and who swears that he
will never wed any one else unless he can marry
her. The infatuation has lasted for several
years, and all the endeavors of the Emperor to
put an end thereto by sending the Archduke to
travel abroad have merely served to strengthen

it. The Emperor absolutely refuses to give his
consent to any union of his nephew with Mile.
Czuber, a union which, of course, could only be
morganatic. It is believed than when the Em-
peror dies, and Francis Ferdinand ascends the
throne, he will be unable to withhold from his
only surviving brother the permission to wed
morganatically the woman he loves, in the same
way he (Francis Ferdinand) has done himself
in the case of Princess Hohenburg.

Tuscan Prince Is in Line.

Next after Archduke Charles Louis, now
thirty-eight years of age, comes the ex-grand-
duke of Tuscany, who was deprived of his throne
by the great Italian revolution of IStiO, which in-
corporated his dominions into the present
kingdom of Italy. The grand duke, who is over
seventy years of age, is hardly likely to survive
the Archduke Francis Ferdinand and Charles
Louis. But his eldest son is the Ex-archduke
Leopold, now a Swiss citizen, and his second son
is Archduke Joseph Ferdinand, who, it may be
remembered, was dispatched by his family and

THE PANDEX

by the Emperor to Switzerland to endeavor to
induce the ex-erown princess of Saxony to return
to Dresden, after her elopement with Giron, and
to persuade Archduke Leopold to abandon his
little actress and to resume his place at the head
of his regiment at Olmutz. As everybody knows,
the mission was unsuccessful.

Of course, the Emperor has one surviving
brother, Archduke Louis Victor, but he has long
been afflicted with softening of the brain, and
for several years past has been under restraint
in one of the imperial chateaux near Salsburg.
His case is incurable.

FIRST SCHOOL FOR DIPLOMATS

It Is to Be Opened by Tale and Columbia
Jointly.

For many years the need of special train-
ing of Americans to meet the increasing bur-
dens of international relationship has been
agitated. That the proposition is finally
taking shape is shown in the following from
the New York Sun;

New Haven. — The Yale-Columbia recipe for
making expert diplomats is just out. It is in
the form of a circular announcing the number
and names of the courses for diplomats that are
to be offered by Yale and Columbia Universities,
which have combined to start the first school
for diplomats in this country.

The experiment is the result of the efforts of
Yale alumni who believe that the diplomats sent
to foreign countries by the United States are
not all as highly trained as they should be. Presi-
dent Nicholas Murray Butler of Columbia and
President Arthur T. Hadley of Yale met not
long ago in New York to talk over the matter.
Secretary Elihu Root is said to be in sympathy
with the movement and it is stated that Presi-
dent Roosevelt has expressed himself as favoring
some such undertaking.

Andrew D. White, Yale '53, who represented
the United States as ambassador in Germany for

many years, started the movement here. On re-
turning to New Haven to celebrate his fiftieth
anniversary, he criticized the diplomatic service
of this country and expressed the hope that the
time would come when the United States would
train its diplomats so that it would hesitate as
much to send an unlettered, untrained man to
represent the Government at some foreign post
as it would to send a butcher to represent Amer-
ican surgery at an international gathering of
physicians.

A NEW IDEA IN WARFARE

To Save, Not Destroy Life, Is Inventor Hol-
land's Plan.

New York. — Believing that to cripple and not
annihilate will be the object in wars of the
future, John Holland, the submarine torpedo
boat inventor, is at work on a design for a new
boat for this purpose. Mr. Holland is of the
belief that the time is not far off when the
nations of the earth will be settling their differ-
ences without fighting, in which event destructive
agents will not be necessary. He hopes by his
new idea, however, to startle the world by the
creation of a new mode of warfare.

Mr. Holland took occasion to discuss the tor-
pedo boat and some of his plans at a meeting
of the Lasalle Society in Newark.

"Submarines," said Mr. Holland, "are the
only sort of weapons built against which there
can not be any defense. But the one I am at
work on and hope soon to build is a real new
one and will be the chief instrument of all in
doing away with wars. It will not go forth
with the idea of destroying, but with a view to
crippling or disabling, incapacitating, as it were,
everything it attacks. With it nations can seek
antagonists' ships and say, 'We will not destroy,
we will only cripple.' It will put boats out of
commission and render them unfit for service,
and without, I am hoping, the loss of a single
life."

THE PANDEX

Cabinet, Legislature, Judiciary and
Others at Work

— Adapted from New York Times.

REFORMS PROPOSED BY THE VARIOUS HEADS OF THE

FEDERAL DEPARTMENTS.— STRUGGLES IN CONGRESS OVER

SHIP SUBSIDY AND RIVER AND HARBOR BILLS.

THE opposition of Vested Interests to leg-
islation calculated to force them into
consideration of the public welfare having
been much moderated, if not indeed having
lost the bulk of its once enormous force,
the attempt of the Government to govern
itself takes on a freer and far more
inspiring aspect than it has for many
years past. Cabinet officials, as well
as the President, give an unwonted sub-
stance and progressiveness to their annual
reports, and Congressmen venture upon res-
olutions and bills with an earnestness and
assurance which can but be most wholesome
for the country. Whether there is a subtle
and deeply hidden antagonism still being
waged by the corporations and the finan-

ciers, and whether they are using the present
surface liberation to cover designs that will
entrench them more vitally than ever, is
something which it will require further time
to demonstrate.

PLAN FOR THE CURRENCY

Controller Insists upon Reforms That Will
Create Elasticity.

As significant as anything of the compara-
tive harmony of interests in the country is
the unanimity with which the various fac-
tors appear to agree upon the line which cur-
rencv reform should take. Controller

T H E P A i\ D E X

Ridgeley defined the movement in the recom-
mendations made in his annual report, the
following summary of which is from the
Pittsburg Gazette-Tim«s :

Washington.— William B. Ridgely, controller
of the currency, in his animal report to Congress
calls the attention of Congress to the necessity
of a change in the national currency and renews
the recommendations made in his report of De-
cember 1, 1902. that the national banks be
authorized to issue a portion of their circulation
as uncovered notes as the best means of adding
to this circulation the greatly needed quality of
elasticity.

Controller Ridgely recommends that the
laws be amended so as to allow of the following
changes :

All national banks which have been in oper-
ation for not less than two years and which
have an unimpaired surplus of not less than
twenty per cent of their capital stock to be per
mitted to issue not to exceed fifty per cent of
the amount of their bond-covered notes in notes
uncovered by bond deposits.

To protect these notes the' banks to carry the
same reserves as against deposits, in gold or its
equivalent. In reserve banks this would be
twenty-five per cent and in all others fifteen
per cent of the outstanding notes.

These notes to be further protected by a guar-
antee fund of five per cent, to be deposited by
the issuing bank with the treasurer of the
United States before any are issued.

Out of this guarantee fnnd all such gold-
reserve notes to be redeemed on demand.

The guarantee fund to be kept good by a grad-
uated tax on the gold-reserve notes, beginning at
a rate of not over two and one-half per ccat
per annum.

Every bank issuing gold-reserx^i notes to be
required to provide means of redemption for
such notes in every reserve and central reserve
city, and also such other points as may be desig-
nated.

These points to be numerous ai'd i'oiiveni?nt
enough to put every national bank within twenty-
four hours of a redemption center.

The provision limiting the retiremeiu of the
present bond-secured notes to $3,000,000 per
month not to apply to gold-reserve notes, and
this limit to be repealed or greatly extended
at the discretion of the Secretary of the Treas-
ury, in its application to bond-secured notes.

The stock of money in the United States on
June 30, 1906, amounted to $3,069,900,000, of
which $2,162,000,000 was in coin (including bul-
lion in the treasury) and $907,000,000 in United
States notes and national bank notes. The
coin, bullion and paper currency in the treasury
as assets amounted to $325,400,000, the re-
mainder, .$2,744,500,000, being in circulation.
The estimated population of the country on that
date was 84,622,000. giving an average circula-
tion per capita of $32.42, against a per capita

of $31.08 for 1905 and $21.10 in 1896. The
amount of money held by national and other
reporting banks in the United States, shown by
reports nearest to June 30, 1906, was $1,010,-
700,000, which leaves $1,733,800,000 in circula-
tion, exclusive of money in the treasury and in
banks, being a gain of $133,700,000 over the
amount in circulation in 1905, outside of the
banks and the treasury. The money in the treas-
ury on June 30, 1906, represented 10.60 per cent
of the stock; in reporting banks, .32.92 per cent;
and elsewhere, 56.49 per cent. The per capita
unaccounted for in 1906 appears to be $20.48, an
increase of $1.26 over the per capita estimated
for 1905, and a gain of $6.83 in the per capita
of money estimated to be in circulation ten
years ago.

ASKS POWER AGAINST TRUSTS

Attorney General Advises New Laws to
Strengthen Government.
Another significant phase of the state of
public mind is reflected in the emphasis with
which the retiring- Attorney-General, Mr.
Moody, urged that increased power be given
the Government's law department to deal
with trusts. Said the Chicago Record-
Herald :

Washington. — Recommendations for new legis-
lation which will assist the Department of Jus-
tice in the prosecution of offenders, particularly
under the anti-trust law, are made by Attorney
General William H.. Moody in his annual report,
which was submitted to Congress. The reforms
which he urges are as follows :

1. An amendment of the law respecting the
arrest of persons indicted for crime.

2. Enactment of a law giving to the United
States the right of appeal on questions of law
in criminal cases, with the proviso that a verdict
of acquittal on the merits shall not be set aside.

3. Restoration to the Government of the right
to appeal customs cases to the Supreme Court.

4. The necessary legislation and appropri-
ation to send the reports of the Supreme Court
to each place of holding United States Circuit
and District Courts.

5. Amendment of the right of appeal from
the Court of Appeals for the District of Colum-
bia, so that it shall be coextensive with that of
the various Circuit Courts.

PROPOSE FEDERAL LICENSES

Secretary Metcalf Thinks This the Only Way
to Regulate Trusts.

In further elaboration of the requests of
the Attornej'-General were those of the re-

THE PANDEX

tiring Secretary of Commerce and Labor.
Said the Philadelphia North American in
summarizing Mr. Metcalf's report:

Washington. — In his annual report just made
public, Secretary Metcalf, of the Department
of Commerce and Labor, calls attention to the
fact that individual states have demonstrated
their inability to effectually curb the improper
uses of^ corporate powers. He suggests Federal
control of corporations and says the most feas-
ible way would be on the Federal franchise plan.

"This plan," suggests the Secretary, "is sim-
ply to require the greater industrial corpora-
tions to obtain a license from the Federal Gov-
ernment if they are to engage in interstate and
foreign commerce. There would be no inter-
ference with the powers of a state over the cre-
ation of corporations, nor their actions wholly
within the state. Under a license the Federal
Government should require, as a condition prece-
dent to granting the license, a full disclosure
of all facts necessary to show the ownerehip,
properties, tinaneial condition, and management
of the corporation.

"Furthermore, the corporation's records
should be open to proper inspection; annual
reports should be required, and, finally, the Gov-
ernment should have the power to revoke the
license and prevent the continuation of engaging
in interstate and foreign commerce in the event
the coi-poration fails in its obligations toward
the Government or is convicted of violating Fed-
eral laws.

"Ordinarily the imposition of fines does but
little to correct corporate abuses, but if the pen-
alty be the denial of the right to continue busi-
ness a most effective remedy is provided.

"The railways have been brought under Fed-
eral regulations by tlie Interstate Commerce Act.
The principle of such regulation has been adopted
in the* acts regarding meat inspection and pure
food. The next act should extend the license
plan over the greater industrial eoi-porations
dealing in the staple commodities."

MORE BATTLESHIPS NEEDED

Secretary of the Navy Urges Stronger Naval
Equipment at Once.

Public sentiment, regardless of other an-
tagonisms, has long been well united on the
question of the Navy and its adequate expan-
sion, but since Congress reassembled, no less
of a Republican than Senator Hale has given
notice of his intention to fight further in-
creases of naval and military expenditure.
In view of this the following summary from
the Chicago Tribune of the retiring Secre-

tary of the Navy's recommendations is
doubly interesting :

Washington, D. C. — Three new battleships,
each as large and powerful as the already famous
British Dreadnaught, will be added to the navy
if Congress heeds the urgent advice of Secretary
of the Navy Bonaparte, in his report recently
made public.

Congress already has authorized the construc-
tion of one of these battleships.

Secretary Bonaparte urges the simultaneous
construction of two more, so that the navy
would have a homogeneous squadron of the most
formidable fighting ships afloat. In doing so,
he makes one startling argument. He says:

"I think it is but right to call attention to
certain features of our country's situation,
which, although sufficiently obvious and of self-
evident importance, nevertheless appear to be
frequently overlooked. Although a continental
power, for practical purposes we share with
Great Britain the immense advantages of an in-
sular position. Provided our naval strength be
sufficient to retain command of the sea, we are
absolutely safe from invasion, and consequently
escape the burdens of a vast military estab-
lishment, which bear upon all the great powers
of the European continent; but if we have not
a sufficient navy, the oceans to the east and west
of us, instead of serving as bulwarks for de-
fense, become highways for invasion.

Invasion Possible in a Week.

"The extensive steam merchant marines which
serve the commerce of the world are no less
available to transport men and munitions of war,
and they place our shores within a week's, or at
least a fortnight's, march of a powerful army
from any one of the great military countries
of the world, a danger rendered far more serious
by the fact that an enemy coming by water is
restricted to no line of advance ascertainable
beforehand and may choose for aggression any
point of our coast line which seems the most vul-
nerable.

"Under these circumstances, unless \\e are
willing to maintain a strong standing army, the
maintenance of our naval strength is a matter
of supreme moment to the national safety, and
I am convinced that an enlightened and patriotic
opinion will assent gladly to any reasonable sac-
rifices necessary to assure such safety."

CONDITION OF THE FINANCES

Large Increase in the Revenues Shown by the
Treasurer's Annual Report.

Two of the great Departments of the Gov-
ernment exhibit at least some of the reasons
why the country is so easily harmonized.

THE PANDEX

The following condensation of the report
of the Secretary of the Treasury gives one
phase of the matter. It is from the New
York Sun:

Washington. — The report of the Secretary of
the Treasury for the fiscal year ended June 30,
1906, was just transmitted to Congress.

Mr. Shaw devotes the early part of his report
to a setting forth in detail of the income and
disbursements of the Government which show
the total of receipts to have been $762,386,904.62,
and the total expenditures, $736,717,582.01, show-
ing a surplus for the fiscal year of $25,669,322.61.

Including the issue of Panama bonds the pub-
lic debt November 1, 1906, was $925,159,250. Of
this amount bonds of the face value of $631,-
542,630 were held by the Treasurer of the United
States in trust for national banks as security
for circulating notes and deposits, leaving $293,-
616,620 in the hands of other investors.

Revenue Receipts.

Compared with the fiscal year 1905, the re-
ceipts for 1906 increased $65,285,634.67, and
there was an increase in expenditures of $16,612,-
083.46. The customs receipts for 1906 amounted
to $300,251,877.77, an increase over the previous
year of $38,453,020.86. The receipts from in-
ternal revenue for the year were $249,150,212.91,
an increase over the previous year of $15,054,-
472.06. The receipts from the operation of the
Postofflce Department were $167,932,782.95,
being an increase over the previous year of $15,-
106,197.85. The total expenditures on account
of the military establishment were $117,946,-
692.37, an increase over the previous year of
$5,776,843.35, while the total expenditures on
account of the naval establishment were $110,-
474,264.40, an increase of $6,198,162.46. The
amount paid to pensioners was $141,034,561.77,
a decrease over the previous year of $739,402.80.
The Indian service cost the Government $12,746,-
859.08, a decrease over the previous year of
$1,489,214.63. Interest on the public debt
amounted to $24,308,576.27, a decrease over the
previous year of $282,367.83. The aggregate
expenditures for the year 1906 were $736,717,-
582.01, and the increase for the year was $16,-
612,083.46.

The revenues of the Government for the cur-
rent fiscal year (1907) are estimated, upon the
basis of existing laws, at $813,573,264, ana for
the same period the expenditures are estimated
at $755,573,264, showing a surphis of receipts
over e.xpenditures of $58,000,000.

ANENT THE MONEY STRINGENCY

Secretary Shaw's Optimistic View of Its Cause
and Its Possible Remedy.
Despite prosperity's high tide, as reflected

by the condition of the Treasury, the na-
tional money market has seldom been more
strained than it has in recent months. Here
follows Secretary Shaw's explanation, as
condensed by the New York Sun from his
annual report:

Reviewing the causes and effects of the recent
monetary stringency in the East and the West
particularly, but more or less throughout the
country, Mr. Shaw says:

"In February of 1906, $10,000,000 was depos-
ited in national bank depositaries in seven of
the principal cities and satisfactory security
other than Government bonds accepted, but with
the distinct understanding that it would be re-
called in July of that year. This relief was not
sufficient, however. Banks everywhere, West as
well as East, found themselves in the spring
with surphis reserve exhausted. The foreign
exchange market responded sympathetically in a
very marked decline in sterling exchange suffi-
cient to have insured the importation of gold if
the banks had been in position to buy the ex-
change with which to secure it. The Secretary
then offered to make deposits, satisfactorily se-
cured, equal in amount to any actual engagement
of gold for importation, the same to be promptly
returned when the gold actually arrived. In this
way approximately $50,000,000 (more than six
carloads) in gold, largely in bars, was brought
from abroad. Most of this came from Europe,
but in part from Australia and South Africa.

"This was accomplished without expense to
the Government and without profit to the import-
ing banks, but with great benefit to the business
interests of the country. The various banks
which imported this gold lost in the transactions
several thousand dollars, as established by their
books; the price of exchange promptly advanced
so that merchants and exporters of graih and
cotton having exchange to sell were benefited in
excess of $150,000, and interest rates dropped
sufficiently to effect a saving to borrowers in New
York City alone of more than $2,000,000. This
means of relieving financial stringencies, which
has been once since repeated attracted far more
attention throughout Europe than in the United
States, though it has been widely commented
upon in both places. It has at least demon-
strated that the United States is in a position to
more effectually influence international financial
conditions than is any other country, and justi-
fies great caution lest while protecting our own
interests we cause distress elsewhere which will
soon be reflected here.

Crops Taxed Resources.

' ' The harvest of 1906 overtaxed our granaries,
our warehouses, the carrying capacity of our rail-
roads, and, in conjunction with our unprece-
dented industrial activity, strained well nigh tr

THE PANDEX

AND THE CAT COMES BACK.

-Indianapolis News.

THE PANDEX

the limit the credit possibility of the country.
A cotton crop sometimes estimated at 14,000,000
bales, 750,000,000 bushels of wheat, nearly 3,000,-
000,000 bushels of corn, 300,000,000 bushels of
potatoes, garnered in a single season, required
both actual money and bank credit based thereon.
During the summer months grain sacks were not
in use, granaries and warehouses were empty,
freight cars stood on sidetracks, business men
fished in mountain streams or rested at vacation
resorts. Meanwhile the banks were comfortably
well supplied with money, and interest rates were
low. Everything seemed serene to everybody
except to those who recognized that in this lati-
tude crops mature in the fall.

More Gold Imported.

"Finding transportation facilities inadequate
to promptly export our agricultural products, the
Secretary of the Treasury deemed it wise to
again facilitate the importation of gold from
abroad with which to carry them until they could
be exported. Under plain and unequivocal
authority of law, and without a penny of ex-
pense to the Government, approximately another
$50,000,000 of gold was brought from abroad
and turned into the channels of trade. In addi-
tion $26,000,000 of the money withdrawn in mid-
summer was restored. Of this, $3,000,000 was
given to New York City and the same amount
tendered to Chicago, a part of which was de-
clined, however, because the banks found it im-
possible to borrow the bonds with which to secure
it and unprofitable to buy them. Boston, Phil-
adelphia, St. Louis, and New Orleans each re-
ceived $2,000,000; Baltimore, Louisville, Kansas
City, Cleveland, and Cincinnati, $1,000,000 each;
Pittsburg, Buffalo, Minneapolis, Milwaukee, De-
troit, St. Paul, Omaha, Des Moines, Denver,
Sioux City, Memphis, Peoria, Atlanta, Nashville,
and Sioux Falls approximately $500,000 each.
Meanwhile sensational writers told the people
that all this was being done for the encourage-
ment of speculation on Wall Street.

"If those who recognize that a deposit of
money at Denver relieves financial tension at
Wall Street will also acknowledge that a deposit
in New York relieves financial stringency at Den-
ver, no material harm will ensue. Money is al-
most as liquid as water and finds its level about
as quickly."

THE TUSSLES IN CONGRESS

Speaker Against Ship Subsidy and River and
Harbor Bill a Club.
With the several federal Departments
making recommendations with unusual free-
dom, as seen above, the probable result of
Congressional action, of course, becomes ex-
tremely important. Early in December, the
New York Sun gave the following forecast

of the session, which has proved so remark-
ably accurate that scarcely any other his-
tory of the doings of the first seventeen
days is necessary :

Washington, December 2. — The second session
of the Fifty-ninth Congress will open at noon
to-morrow.

All during the past week senators and members
of the House have been arriving in Washington
preparatory to taking up the work of legislation.
To-night the hotel corridors and the apartment
houses are crowded with solons, private secre-
taries, clerks, and the vast horde of satellites
which are drawn here by reason of the assem-
bling of the national lawmakers.

If the plans of the leaders do not miscarry,
and usually they do not, this will be strictly a
business session and one without many frills
and little to excite the attention of the country
at large. There will be no railroad rate bill
or statehood measure to absorb attention, as was
the case at the fir.st session of the present Con-
gress, for Congress intends that the Hepburn
Act shall have an opportunity to demonstrate
its worth or lack of worth before any attempts
are made to remedy any defects, and there is no
possibility of statehood for New Mexico and
Arizona being considered.

Everything is in readiness to start the wheels
of legislation in motion, and as the session is
short no time will be lost in getting down to
work. For the past ten days or two weeks the
House Committee on Appropriations has been
hard at work on the Legislative Appropriation
Bill and now has it practically completed. It
will be reported either to-morrow or Tuesday.
This will afford opportunity for the talkers to
talk until something else is ready to be acted
upon.

There is promise of a lively scrap over the
River and Harbor Bill, the ground work of which
was laid by Representative Burton and his com-
mittee last session. The amount which it will
carry will depend to a large extent upon the ap-
propriation for increase in the navy and per-
haps upon whether or not the ship subsidy bill
is to become a law. It will be large if the in-
crease in the navy is small and the shipping bill
is allowed to die in Representative Grosvenor's
committee, and comparatively small if the pos-
sibility of war with Japan frightens members
into complying with the President's demand for
a lai'ger navy and if the shipping bill is not
passed.

The prospects are that Speaker Cannon will
not permit the Gallinger Subsidy Bill to come
out of the Committee on Merchant Marine and
Fisheries. The Speaker has never been friendly
to the proposition, and if there is to be a large
appropriation for rivers and harbors, and an-
other Dreadnaught authorized, the shipping bill
will stand a mighty poor show of enactment, de--.
spite the threat of Senator Gallinger and others

THE PANDEX

OPENED.

— New York World.

THE PANDBX

that they will knife the River and Harbor Bill
if the subsidy measure does not meet with favor-
able consideration.

The Speaker is not easily bluffed by the Sen-
ate, as has been shown upon several occasions,
and is not inclined to back down and yield upon
a measure which he has all along opposed as
he has the Subsidy Bill. Still the friends of
that measure profess to have some hopes for it
this winter.

Probably the most interesting topic in the
Senate this winter will be the Smoot case. Sen-
ator Burrows, the chairman of the Committee
on Privileges and Elections, has declared that it
is his intention to call up the matter early in
the session and press it to a vote.

Senator Gallinger of New Hampshire arrived
in Washington to-night in a comparatively happy
mood. In reply to the threat of Representative
Burton of Ohio, chairman of the House Com-
mittee on Rivers and Harbors, that he would
oppose the passage of the Ship Subsidy Bill this
winter, he promptly served notice on the Ohio
Congressman that if the shipping bill were
blocked in the House the River and Harbor Bill
would be cut into ribbons when it reached the
Senate. Senator Gallinger said :

"Mr. Burton should understand from the be-
ginning that if he interposes any obstacle in the
way of the shipping bill, there will be some men
in the Senate who will carefully scrutinize the
provisions of the River and Harbor Bill. There
is no logical reason why we should expend hun-
dreds of millions to improve the highways of
commerce for the benefit of foreign shipping and
refuse to appropriate a mere pittance for the
rehabilitation of the American merchant
marine. ' '

FIGHT AGAINST CHILD LABOR

Senator Beveridge Proposes Drastic National
Legislation.

A new object in national legislation, but
one which promises to be of great force, was
described as follows in the Pittsburg Dis-
patch :

Richmond, Ind. — At a meeting of the repre-
sentatives of the Young Men's Christian Asso-
ciations of Indiana and Ohio, Senator Albert J.
Beveridge stated that on the opening day of the
coming session of Congress he intended to in-
troduce a bill prohibiting the labor of children
throughout the country, and a bill to make more
rigid the present meat inspection law.

He said the Child Labor Bill will provide that
no railroad, steamship, steamboat, or other car-
rier of interstate commerce shall transport or
accept for transportation the product of any
factory or mine that employs children under

fourteen. The bill, he said, would provide that
every carrier of interstate commerce shall re-
quire an affidavit from every factory or mine
owner that he does not employ children under
fourteen years of age, the form of the affidavit
to be prescribed by the Department of Commerce
and Labor or the Interstate Commerce Commis-
sion, with heavy penalties, both civil and crim-
inal, for violation of the law.

The bill, if it becomes a law, he believed, will
stop the practice of ruining future citizenship
by working children of tender age in factories
and mines.

There is no other way, he said, to reach this
growing evil. A Federal statute can not be
passed directly controlling the factories and
mines in the states. That is the province of the
states. But Congress has absolute power over
the railroads, boats, ships, and other agencies of
interstate commerce, and unlimited power under
the Constitution to provide that they shall not
carry the products of factories and mines which
employ children.

The bill to amend the Meat Inspection Law
will require the putting of the date of inspec-
tions on every can of meat product, and the
packers to pay the cost of inspection.

TARIFF REVISION AFTER 1908

Republican Leaders Expect to Sweep the Coun-
try on This Issue.

Despite an obvious popular sentiment in
its behalf and much pressure from within
the party itself, the President has refrained
from urging tariff revision. One of his rea-
sons, possibly, is the following, as given in
the Washington Post:

Tariff revision immediately following the
presidential election in 1908. This is the Repub-
lican program. There will be no extra session
of the Sixtieth Congress. The President, what-
ever he may have thought of revision of the
tariff twelve months ago, does not now think it
would be wise to agitate this matter at a session
of Congress on the eve of a presidential cam-
paign.

Members of Congress of the Republican faith,
who are now coming into Washington appear to
be largely of one mind on the tariff question.
The stand-patters, who deprecate the idea of
anything being done, admit that revision is made
necessary by the attitude of the people, who,
whether rightly or wrongly, attribute high prices
to tariff-protected trusts. Revisionists, who wish
to see their party perpetuated in power, even
though the majority does not agree with them
on the subject of amending the tariff schedules,
are willing to postpone action for a short period,

THE PANDEX

if definite pledges are given them and the coun-
try. These pledges are to be given by the na-
tional convention of 1908.

Revolt Is Threatened.

Party leaders believe that, with a definite
pledge, couched in language devoid of ambiguity,
and about which there can be no uncertainty,
they will sweep the country in 1908. Up to this

Senators Cullom and Burrows, standpatters of
the most pronounced type, have begun to dis-
cuss the advisability of revision. They will be
followed by others who have become aroused to
the danger of continuing longer in a policy that,
although it has done immense good to the coun-
try in general, has fostered special industries
until they have become a menace to the peace
of the people.

READY TO BREAK AWAY!

-St. Louis Republic.

time, revision has simply been held up before the
people as a possibility. The Republicans have
declared their intention of 'revising' the tariff
when conditions required it, and have asserted
that no schedule is sacred. These things have
been said so often, and revision has been re-
fused so steadily, that revolt has crept into the
party and threatened to disrupt it.

There is not a member of the House Ways
and Means Committee returned by the Repub-
licans to the Sixtieth Congress who does not
come back with the warning of a reduced m.a-
jority staring him in the face as a reminder of
promises still to be fulfilled. Public men, like

REVISION OF THE LAWS

Stupendous Task Being Accomplished by Con-
gressional Committees.

A phase of legislation which has had but
little public comment but which is of ex-
treme moment is refiected in the following
from the New York Times:

Washington. — Lawyers throughout the country
are manifesting much interest in the work of the
joint committee of the Senate and House to re-

64e

THE PANDEX

vise the laws of the United States. Members of
the committee are in receipt of many letters con-
taining inquiries about the work of the commit-
tee. The stupendous task involved is appreciated
by few laymen.

Representative Swager Sherley, of Kentucky,
who is a rhember of the committee, talked of
the scope of the work and shed a good deal of
light on the subject.

"The committee," said Mr. Sherley, "is now
at work on the Criminal Code, and this will be
the first general section to be reported. It is
probable that this code will be submitted soon
after Congress convenes. This title was repoited
to the House at the last session, but it failed of
consideration owing to the congestion of legisla-
tion at that time.

"After the Penal Code, consideration will be
given to the title relating to the judiciary, in
which it is proposed to make some far-reaching
changes. For example, the district courts will
be the only courts of original jurisdiction. The
Circuit Court of Appeals will be abolished and
the Circuit Court will sit merely as an appellate
court. The consideration of this title will con-
sume much of the time and attention of the
committee, and it is not at all improbable that
it will cause considerable discussion in the Sen-
ate and the House after it has been reported to
these bodies. It is believedj however, that the
proposed changes regarding the District and
Circuit Court of Appeals meet with the general
approval of the legal fraternity.

"After the Criminal Code and the judiciary
title are disposed of the committee will likely
take up the first sections of the revised statutes
relating to the organization of the Government,
followed by the army and navy and other titles,
until the entire revision is completed.

"The enormity of the task before the com-
mittee and Congress will be appreciated when it
is known that the statutes to be revised and codi-
fied embrace more than 9000 sections. The Penal
Code alone consists of nearly 500 sections, and
the Judiciary Code embraces more than 700.

"In order to secure consideration of this re-
vision at the coming short session, it is not un-
likely that night sessions will be necessary, as
proper consideration of bills of such magnitude
will practically preclude other legislation.

"The last revision of the statutes of the United
States was made in 1878, and the present revision
is the result of tlie Act of Congress approved
June 4, 1897, which authorized the President to
appoint a commission to revise the laws, and of
subsequent acts of Congress enlarging the work
of the commission. The work is now practically
completed, and the commission expires on De-
cember 15 next.

"Since the revision of 1878," concluded Mr.
Sherley, "there has been a great mass of legis-
lation of a permanent nature, and these enact-
ments are found in nearly twenty large volumes
of the Statutes at Large, and are commingled
with temporary enactments and appropriation
bills under titles which often give little or no

indication of their nature and import. The
necessity, therefore, for a speedy and thorough
revision of the statutes is apparent. There is a
universal demand on the part of the legal pro-
fession in particular, and the public in general,
for a ready and accurate reference to the
statutes, and this affords sufficient justification
for prompt action on the part of Congress.

"The revisiori will attempt to bring together
all statutes and parts of statutes relating to the
same subject, omit redundant and obsolete en-
actments, supply omissions, and root out in-
accuracies, even making changes in the substan-
tive existing law, where such changes are deemed
necessary and imperative."

THE HUMOR OF IT.

Not Matured.

"What are you looking so gloomy about?"
"Oh, I'm just home from the race track."
"Why, you told me before you went down

there that you had picked a sure winner."
"Yes, but — I — er — guess I picked him before

he was ripe." — Philadelphia Public Ledger.

???????

What?

Great Scott,

Mathot !

You've got

Your shot

Too hot.

Somebody's not

All rot.

What?

Of couree, a lot

Should get it hot.

But please spot

That lot.

And don't pot

Everybody but Mathot,

See?

— W. L.

Lampton.

Realizing that their magazine is hard reading
under the most favorable circumstances, the
editoi-s of the Congressional Record have decided
not to apply the simplified spelling rules. — Puck.

Count Boni's Love Lyric.

Across the lighted boulevards

The happy crowds are straying;
Think, countess, of the happy hours

When we two went a-Maying.
When we two went a-Maying, Dieu !

My creditors were trusting;
For with your francs, oh, heart of mine !

My poeketbook was busting.

THE PANDEX

PUBLIC ATTENTION TURNS TO

CANALS AND WATERWAYS

AS A MEASURE OF

SELF-DEFENSE

A MODERN XERXES!

— Adapted from St. Louis Republic.

PRESIDENT HILL OF THE GREAT NORTHERN JOINS IN THE

MOVEMENT TO PROVIDE BROADER FACILITIES FOR

HANDLING THE ENORMOUS TRAFFIC OF

THE COUNTRY

While the country is so phenomenally
prosperous and yet so sharply pinched for
the medium wherwith to conduct its busi-
ness; and while, at the same time, no small
percentaore of its prosperity is rendered
futile by an alleged inadequacy of its trans-
portation facilities, a wise public attention
seems suddenly diverted to the long neg-
lected subject of canals and waterways.
Perhaps it is the Panama Canal that has
served as the prompting agency, especially
since the President's trip to the Canal Zone;
but more likely it is the upward impulse
of a natural objective, which has long been
unduly smothered both by circumstance and
bv device.

PLAN FOR GREAT SEA CANAL

Landlocked Waterway from Savannah to Mexi-
can Border Proposed.

One of the most striking of the canal
proposals is the following, as described in
the Chicago Tribiuie:

Philadelphia, Pa. — Plans for a land-locked sea
canal extending from the mouth of the Rio
Grande, at the Mexicah ' border, all the way to
New Orleans, and then following the coast
around to Savannah, with small interruptions,
are being prepared by the Trades League Canal
Committee, who will present them at, the coming
conference of the Rivers and Harboi-s Congress
in Washington soon.. ..

THE PANDEX

It is argued that by the expenditure of a little
money in connecting the hundreds of arms of the
sea along the southern coast, a still-water sea ca-
nal thousands of miles long would be made which
would reduce the cost of navigation immensely,
as ordinary river-going barges could be trans-
ported along the coast where it is now necessary
to go outside in the rough ocean in steamers
or sailing vessels. A similar canal from Van-
couver to Alaska has saved millions, it is pointed
out to the navigation companies.

Professor Lewis M. Haupt, chairman of the
Trades League's canal committee, is getting the
matter into shape for presentation.

FIFTY MILLIONS FOR WATERWAYS

Convention Inaugurates Gigantic Movement in
Behalf of Rivers and Canals.

The strength of the canal movement is

well illustrated in the following from the

New York World:

Washington, D. C. — The appropriation by Con-
gress of at least $50,000,000 annually for the im-
provement of the rivers and harbors of the coun-
try was the keynote of the speeches delivered
before the National Rivers and Harbors Conven-
tion which assembled here for a two days' ses-
sion. The convention was called to order by
Harvey D. Goulder, of Cleveland, president of
the Congress, and was opened by prayer by the
Right Reverend Henry Yates Satterlee, Bishop
of Washington. Addresses were made at the
morning session by Mr. Goulder, Speaker Can-
non, and Theodore E. Burton, chairman of the
House Committee on Rivers and Harbors.

Mr. Burton said the convention should not ask
for appropriations from Congress for any par-
ticular community, but for the greater projects
of the country. He thought less should be spent
on the navy and more for improvement of the
rivers and harbors of the country.

At the afternoon session speeches were made
by John Barrett, the American Minister to Co-
lombia; John Fitzgerald, Mayor of Boston; Bird
S. Coler, president of the Borough of Brooklyn ;
es-Senator Berry, of Arkansas, and others.

PRESIDENT PROMISES AID.

Offers Executive Encouragement to the Water-
ways Promoters.

That the canal and waterway movement

is appreciated in the highest circles of the

Government is manifested in the following

from the Philadelphia North American:

Washington, D. C. — Emphatic indorsement of
the broad proposition that the waterways of the
United States must be developed and utilized to
their fullest transportation capacity was given
by President Roosevelt.

His views upon this highly important national

problem found expression in the remarks the
President made in the White House to the dele-
gates of the National Rivers and Harbors Con-
gress.

The President's remarks came in response to
the presentation to him of resolutions adopted
by the convention at its final session, but were
also in general recognition and encouragement
of the widespread movement for improved rivers
and harbors.

Speaking to the delegates — business men from
all parts of the United States, here to represent
the industrial interests of the nation in a de-
mand for adequate transportation facilities and
reasonable freight rates— the President struck
the heart of the whole matter when he said that
"the Government should concern itself with
the proper control and utilization" of the water-
ways "where they are fitted to be the great
arteries of communication."

It Would Affect Railway Rates.

Further explaining why the nation should be-
stir itself, the President voiced the proposition
that "we need and must have further facilities
for transportation, and one of the effective meth-
ods of affecting railway rates is to provide for a
proper system of water transportation."

HILL FAVORS GULF CANAL

Railroad President Declares It More Important
Than Panama.

What adequate canal facilities may mean
has been reflected in no more significant way
than by President Hill of the Great North-
ern Railway, who has always been one of
the country's most able students of traffic
affairs. Said the New York Times :

Chicago.— James J. Hill was the guest of honor
at the banquet of the Merchants' Club recently
and delivered an extended address upon "Chi-
cago's Interest in Reciprocity with Canada."
Charles D. Norton, president of the club, in in-
troducing Mr. Hill, said that Chicago had suf-
fered two great calamities, the first the great
fire and the other the fact that James J. Hill
passed through the city without stopping when
he went to make his home in the Northwest.

Mr. Hill, in beginning, gave attention to trans-
portation problems.

"To-day the entire country is suffering from
want of transportation facilities to move its busi-
ness without unreasonable delay," he said.
"The prevailing idea with the public is that the
railways are short of cars, while the fact is that
the shortage is in tracks and terminals to pro-
vide a greater opportunity for the movement of
the cars."

He declared that the country to-day faces a
transportation problem which only time, patience,
and the expenditure of enormous sums of money
will remedy. He asserted that there is a crying
need now for the construction of a fifteen-foot
canal between St. Louis and New Orleans, and

THE PANDEX

said that the necessity for this would increase
with time. There is no more important general
work for the Government to perform, he said,
than to construct a canal capable of carrying ves-
sels of fifteen feet draught.

Mr. Hill recited figures to show that the trade
with the people whom the United States will be

TO DEEPEN OHIO RIVER

Army Engineers Favor Plan to Install Fifty-two
Locks and Dams.

The most extensive and costly of the

waterway plans which is likely to secure

^'-...■;.>.v*#'^«'i

ON THE WAY TO PANAMA.
Daily Diversions; the President Is 'It.'

— Chicago News.

able to reach by the construction of the Panama
Canal amounts to only about $54,500,000 an-
nually, while our trade with Canada is over
$200,000,000 per annum. He asserted that the
conservation and increase of this latter trade is
of greater importance than anything that will
accrue to the United States because of the con-
struction of the canal.

immediate action is the one described in
the following from the Pittsburg Dispatch:

Pittsburg. — The Board of Army Engineers,
which has supervision of all the river and harbor
work done and paid for by the United States
Government, has completed a survey of the Ohio
River from Pittsburg to Cairo, made with the

THE PANDEX

STANDARD OIL trust
Maximum fines^ifassessd

Witt REACH
* I 81, 960.000.'

7"e Approximate:

THE PANAMA CANAL
WILL Be ABOUT

* 181.960,000.

WHY NOT?

-Chicago Tribune.

view of establishing the feasibility of the 'On-
to-Cairo' project inaugurated by the Dispatch.
The engineers will recommend to the Committee
on Rivers and Harbors of the House of Repre-
sentatives that $65,000,000 be appropriated by
Congress for the building of fifty-two locks and
dams between here and Cairo, which will main-
tain a boating stage of nine feet in the Ohio
River during the whole year.

The officers believe that with the river can-
alized in the way proposed, there will be up-
stream tonnage in volume almost as great as
that which now passes down. If in weight it is
not as great as the downward commerce, in
value it will be greater and the income of the
transportation companies accordingly increased.

DREAM OF MARITIME EMPIRE

What the Mississippi River, Lakes, and Gulf
System of Waterways Means.

Something of the appeal of the whole

range of internal waterway development

to the popular imagination is to be found

in the following extended article from the

St. Louis Globe Democrat:

The waters of Lake Michigan are already run-
ning into the Gulf of Mexico, as they were sev-

eral hundred thousand or million yeare ago be-
fore something happened to the poles of the
earth and the ice age struck Missouri and Illi-
nois. It changed things considerably while it
lasted in Missouri and Illinois, making many
changes more lasting than the slight ridge which
has been cut through since 1890 to allow the
waters of the lakes to resume their natural
course. But when that cut has been followed by
all that goes with it in the natural course of
things, we will have the Mississippi River, lakes
and gulf system of waterways in operation as
the most important inland water system on the
planet.

As a system it is already an accomplished fact.
Duluth, at the western head of Lake Superior,
already touches the New York wharves by water
through Lake Superior, the Sault Ste. Marie
canals. Lake Huron, Lake Erie, and the Erie
Canal. It already touches water at the New
Orleans wharf and the Eads jetties through Lake
Superior, Lake Michigan, the Chicago ship canal,
the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers. If this mid-
continental water connection east and west, north
and south from tidewater to tidewater, through
the heart of the continent, were nothing but a
dream, it would still be one of the greatest dreams
that ever entered the human mind. But it is an
accomplished fact already in all but certain Avork
of finishing touches, and these finishing touches
are sure to be made, regardless of arguments

THE PANDEX

AN ISTHMIAN MIRAGE.

— Washington Post.

THE PANDEX

for or against them. They may cost certain large
figures in money millions and in thousands of
men and of days' work upon them before 'whale-
backs' from Duluth tie up at the St. Louis levee,
but it will be done as a certainty, and when it is
done it will then slowly dawn on the minds of
those who have done it that it is one of the
greatest accomplishments of human mind and
muscle in the history of civilization.

Its magnitude as an accomplishment at com-
paratively small cost can only be guessed at
now as a result of holding in mind something
like a hundred pages of the statistics of results
already accomplished and waiting to unite with
its results far greater things in the future. This
can be done, for the time being at least, by any
one who deliberately and systematically under-
takes it, but the strain of doing it is so great
that we will never know what such an undertak-
ing as this means until it is actually showing
its results, as it will actually show them to the
eyes of many now living in Si. Louis, in Chi-
cago, in Duluth, in Milwaukee, in scores and hun-
dreds of other towns along the courses of the
rivers and the shores of the lake which are to
be connected and made a 'system.'

An Idea That Demands Fulfilment.

The idea is one of those which can not enter
the human mind with even a suggestion of its
immediate possibilities without compelling its
own accomplishment as a practical fact. There
is no real need of argument. The facts of what
the idea means have only to be put together and
the idea accomplishes itself, compelling all the
resources of mind and money that can be brought
to bear on it.

If poets could dream in scores of pages of
statistics, in thousands of men at work, as farm-
ers and factory operatives, sailors, engineers, and
stokers in the engine rooms of steamers, roust-
abouts, draymen, shipping clerks, and merchants,
millers, bakers, and finally of millions in "pa-
latial homes and dismal tenements" in a thou-
sand towns and cities of this country and Europe,
expecting or getting without expecting it, their
daily supply of food, then a poet might dream
something like a realization of the full and final
meaning of such an accomplishment as this in
answer to the world-prayer, "Give us this day
our daily bread."

As this sort of dreaming is almost as difficult
as canal digging, we get ideas at less expense by
being struck with a few striking facts. The facts
in this connection have become so striking in the
last twenty-five years or so that it is now hard
to stand up against collision with them. But let
us see what has been happening just north of us
on the lakes since Proctor Knott convulsed the
country with his famous speech showing the hu-
mor of the circle Duluth had drawn around itself
to confine the spheres of influence it expected to
exert in the future of the world.

Last year, sailing and steam vessels entered
the ports of the United States on the Atlantic,
the Gulf, and the Pacific Coasts from Belgium,

France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain,
England, Scotland, Ireland, British America, the
Central America states, Argentina, Brazil, Co-
lombia, the British East Indies, China, Japan,
Hawaii, the British possessions in Africa and the
adjacent islands. These alone are enumerated
singly, but the total tonnage of the vessels from
these and all other countries thus entering all
the ports of the United States through the whole
year was 24,793,000 tons as reported by the
United States Bureau of Statistics, the total
world tonnage, entered and cleared, being 49,819,-
000 tons.

During the season, which does not include the
whole year, the Sault Ste. Marie or Saint Mary's
Falls Canals, between Lakes Superior and Huron,
were passed by vessels with a registered tonnage
of 36,617,000 tons, as reported by the acting gen-
eral superintendent, L. P. Morrison, under the
direction of Colonel Charles E. L. B. Davis of
the United States Engineer Corps.

Comparing Tonnages.

We put these two totals together. We find the
registered tonnage of a few miles of canal and
lake water comparing thus with the tonnage of
all the countries of the world in all the ports of
the United States, and the thing seems out of
the question — merely part of the dream which
amused Proctor Knott and with which he
amused the country. But finally, when we sea
that we are awake and that the totals will not
change, no matter how often we look at them, we
have been struck by a striking fact and com-
pelled into something like a realization of what
it means when such dreams as this come true.

The actual freight carried through these canals
during the season back and forth between these
two lakes could not have been loaded all at once
into all the vessels of all the world which en-
tered our ports during the year. It greatly ex-
ceeded their carrying capacity. As the German
Government reports the total capacity of the
ocean vessels of the nineteen principal countries
of the world, including the United States, it is
between 37,000,000 and 38,000,000 tons. The
total freight passing through the St. Mary canals
in 1905 was 44,275,680 tons. That is, if the at-
tempt had been made to load it all at once on all
the ocean ships in the world, it would have sunk
them all.

This is a fact so striking that, after collision
with it, we really need nothing more in the way
of statistics. But it is really a small thing in
its total connection. These millions of tons were
not mere dead vegetable, mineral and animal
matter, but facts in the lives of millions of peo-
ple who have been coming to the territory of the
rivers and lakes since Proctor Knott made his
speech on the great dream of Duluth. They are
still coming by millions. Every ton of this
freight stands for hundreds of other tons not
there represented, and the grand total stands
for human effort, human stress of mind and
muscle, human hopes and wants, successes, suf-
ferings, failures, and renewed efforts. It is real-

THE PANDEX

"DIG, YE TERRIERS, DIG!"

— New York WorkL

THE PANDEX

ly the great drama of human life in one of its
greatest climaxes that is taking shape in such
statistics as these.

In a generation, both on the lakes and on the
rivers below them, there has been a change in-
conceivably great. The obscure village of Du-
luth has become one of the ten "principal pri-
mary grain markets" of the world; flush with
Chicago last year, and with more millions and
tens of millions of bushels of breadstuffs crowd-
ing on it for shipment each year and each
decade.

These ten primary markets, the greatest pri-
mary food markets of the United States, and
hence of the world, are all on the lakes and river
system. Five of them are on the lakes. Tive,
including St. Louis, are on the Mississippi River
and its tributaries. The figures of their growth
mean the increase of the supply of food for the
United States and the woHd. The connection
between Lake Michigan and the Gulf by a deep
waterway means that they will all be connected
with tidewater in a single enormous system, on
which their total capacity for feeding hungry
people will bear through increased production of
food, lower prices of marketing; more food at
lower prices for those who eat it, and higher
prices for those who produce it. This follows be-
cause the higher price of marketing is deducted
in part from what is paid those who produce
the food and is added in part to the
prices charged those who buy it.

When the first drop of water from Lake Michi-
gan passed the Eads jetties into the Gulf of
Mexico, the "Mississippi River, lakes and gulf
system of waterways" became an accomplished
fact in everything except such details as invest-
ing the money the United States Engineer Corps
estimates it will cost to make a fourteen-foot
channel from the Chicago canal to St. Louis. It
was a serious matter, and not merely one of the
greatest and most monumental developments of
the whole history of humor that this first drop
of Lake Michigan water, passing St. Louis on
its way to the gulf in 1900 was loaded with mi-
crobes, bacilli, and micrococci. The number of
these astonishing names found in subsequent
drops under the microscope were accompanied
by something else in this Lake Michigan water
as mysterious as micrococci. It was a ."poten-
tial." A micrococcus, as a mystery, is really as
simple as a tadpole, if not more so. He is in-
terpreted as a potentiality of disease which may
involve a million or more people in epidemic. The
potentiality of Lake Michigan water on its way
to the gulf, as it threatens to develop a freight
"potential," threatens in the same way to affect
more or less the whole volume of a billion and
a quarter tons of freight. With water transit
extending from Duluth to New York harbor by
lake and Erie Canal and river, this potentiality
was quite clear to some eyes without the aid of
the miscroscopes which found the micrococcus.
The simple fact involved was that the history of
forty years told in tables any one may study

out in an hour, showed that wherever a water
route is actually operating the cost of carrying
freight over it fixes the highest rate that can be
charged successfully for carrying freight over all
land routes within its "sphere of influence,"
and after doing this, takes down the highest
land rate with it as it goes down itself.

This is the fact that makes the completion
of the lakes to the gulf a certainty of the fu-
ture. The greatest thing in the history of the
world in the second quarter of the nineteenth cen-
tury was what St. Louis was most intimately
concerned in doing through the use of steam on
the Mississippi River and its tributaries in lay-
ing the foundations of the States and cities which
sprang up like mushrooms in the trans-Missis-
sippi west during the third quarter of the cen-
tury. Then something else which had already
begun, worked out into the greatest single thing
in the history of the last quarter of the nine-
teenth century. It was the work of steam on
the great lakes, doing between 1875 and 1900
for population and production in a vast territory
what the rivers with St. Louis as their greatest
city had already done for their territory in the
preceding quarters of the century.

Now, when the fii-st quarter of the twentieth
century is to join these results as two compo-
nent totals of the same sum total, it is as much
a matter of course as when a bookkeeper has
footed his long columns of separate results into
the two totals which must go together to make
up the grand total. The immense possibilities
already realized on the lakes can not be kept
separated from those already realized on the
rivers to make up the grand total for the begin-
nings of the future, in which, with immigration
increasing at the rate of over a million a year in
this country and the immense wheat areas north
and west of the lakes in Canada filling up, the
present is still only a suggestion of what the re-
sults of the future are likely to be.

Deep Water in Canal.

Besides the Chicago canal, already cut deep
enough for twenty-eight miles for a ship canal,
it is proposed to dredge the Illinois and Des
Plaines Rivers until there is a depth of fourteen
feet to St. Louis. The Chicago Canal was begun
in 1892, and up to April, 190G, something over
$50,000,000 had been spent on it. The first
water from the lakes was turned into it on its
way to the gulf on January 2, 1900. Chicago
and the State of Illinois then proposed to turn
the canal proper, twenty-eight miles in length,
and fourteen miles of its Chicago and Des Plaines
River connection, or forty-two miles in all, over
to the United States Government on condition
that it should establish the fourteen-foot channel
as far as St. Louis. The most expensive part of
the work will be eight miles between Lockport
and Joliet, where the cut will be through rock
to the depth of twenty-two feet. The declivity
from Lockport to St. Louis is 171 feet and the

THE PANDEX

estimated cost of making the channel is $27 -
000,000, in addition to $3,000,000 that Chicago
is expected to spend on the section beteen Lock-
port and Joliet. The estimate of the United
States Engineer Corps put the total at about
$31,000,000. •

It is no more possible to guess now how much
of the enormous trade of the lakes will be turned
down to St. Louis by such a connection between
lakes and rivers than it is to guess now what
the trade of the lakes in another quarter of a
century will be. Fifty years after the Dnluth
speech of Proctor Knott, the greatest effort of
humorous oratory in the history of Congress,
the contrasts of reality with the present may be
as strong as the contrasts of the present are with
the realities of the day when Proctor Knott rose,
holding in his hand the concentric circles around
Duluth which prophesied the present. Without
guessing at all, however, it is easy to see that if
it had only half the freight passing through it
to St. Louis which passes the Sault Ste. Marie
canals, its influence would be felt from lakes to
gulf and from the head of navigation on the
Missouri and Mississippi River, not only to St.
Loiiis and the gulf, but to St. Louis and the At-
lantic across the country. This is a necessary
result of an open watei-way's work, fixing rates,
even when the actual work of moving freight
over it is at the lowest.

The work of completing the proposed deep
watenvay is no such stupendous thing to the
imagination as the work actually involved in
cutting continents in two at Suez or at Panama.
The possibilities of results which belong to the
Mississippi River, lakes and gulf as a system of
waterways soon pass from the great realities of
existing facts to the region where imagination
can not follow them. But to the cautious judg-
ment which ventures beyond the present only by
inches it must become clear on the evidence that
nothing greater than this has been undertaken
in the United States, and that as an accomplished
fact it is now inevitable.

PRESIDENT AND PANAMA CANAL

Chief Executive Won the Hearts of All Workers
in the Zone.

President Roosevelt's journey to Panama
served, of course, to give life to the entire
subject of canals as well as renewed con-
fidence to the general public that the great
Transisthmian waterway is to be completed
as soon as engineering skill can accomplish
it. Said the Associated Press concerning
the President's visit.

New York. — "President Roosevelt took the
Panamaians by storm," said Theodore P. Shonts,
chaii-man of the Panama Canal Commission, who

arrived on the steamer Colon from Colon. Mr.
Shonts spoke enthusiastically of the recent visit
of the Chief Executive and declared that work
on the canal was progressing under satisfactory
conditions. During his talk with the newspaper
men Mr. Shonts took occasion to deny that his
daughter, Theodora, had become engaged to a
titled foreigner.

Discussing the President's visit, Chairman
Shonts said :

"President Roosevelt simply took the people
of Panama by storm. The setting aside of all
precedents by the President in his visit to
Panama won the instant admiration and respect
of the people of the republic. Mr. Roosevelt was
familiar with the work theoretically and saw and
understood more during his short stay than the
average man would in several months.

"The building of the canal is to President
Roosevelt as the building of a home would be
to any other man. He looks at it as his own
personal work, having been given carte blanche
by Congress in the work.

' ' During the President 's trip through the canal
zone one of the leading citizens asked Mr. Roose-
velt what he thought of the criticism as written
by Poultney Bigelow. The President answered:
' Small people, like small flies, despoil large things
and large enterprises.'

* ' In the President 's speech at Colon, the thing
that won the hearts of the canal workers and of
the people was his statement : ' The men who are
now working on the canal and the citizens of
Panama who are assisting them will go down to
posterity like the veterans of the Civil War.
When this great work is completed the men who
have been instrumental in its success will look
backward and say, ' ' I was part of it, " as do the
veterans of the Civil War when they look with
pride at the great united nation.'

"This did more to endear the President and
the United States in general to the people than
anything else he could have said."

SHIFTS THE CANAL HEADS

President Reorganizes the Panama Administra-
tion After His Visit.
The practical result of the President's
trip was reflected, in part, as follows in the
Associated Press dispatches:

By an executive order, signed by the President
in Panama and cabled to the offices of the
Isthmian Canal Commission here, the working
forces of the Panama Canal are thoroughly re-
organized. A reorganization of the Canal Com-
mission itself is expected to follow soon.

The general effect of the order is to give
Chairman Shonts more complete control of the

THE PANDEX

administrative portion of the canal construction
and to place Chief Engineer Stevens in absolute
charge in Panama.

There will be no new governor of the Canal
Zone to succeed Governor Charles E. Magoon,
now running things in Cuba. It is provided that
the duties of the office of Governor shall be ful-
filled by the general counsel, who happens to
be Richard Reed Rogers. Mr. Rogers will con-
tinue to maintain his office here. This step will
leave no division of authority on the isthmus be-
tween the chief engineer, Mr. Stevens, and the
Governor.

New Members of Commission.

The President in reorganizing the commis-
sion will select any new members from the heads
of the seven departments of work created by the
new executive order. Mr. Shonts and Mr. Stev-
ens, of course, will be members. The commission
by law must consist of seven members, but the
President is not compelled to have more than a
quorum. There are now two vacancies, one
caused by the transfer of Governor Magoon and
the other by the failure of the Senate at its last
session to confirm Joseph B. Bishop.

The present commission was appointed in the
spring of 1905. Then there was on hand the
problem of the type of canal that should be con-
structed and the general work of preparation.
There is nothing left except administrative and
executive detail, and the commission is consid-
ered to have outlived its real mission in life.
Consequently the reorganization is planned. It
is very likely that one of the new membere will
be Mr. Rogers, the general counsel, who, in ad-
dition to his work as such, will perform the duties
of Governor of the canal zone, and Colonel Wil-

liam C. Gorgas, head of the sanitation depart-
ment. Colonel Gorgas would be the represen-
tative of the army on the commission.
Seven Executive Departments.

The order just issued provides for the estab-
lishment of seven executive departments. Here-
tofore there have been but three, administrative,
under Mr. Shonts ; engineering, in the hands of
Mr. Stevens; and the third having to do with the
control of the Canal Zone, of which Governor
Magoon was the chief executive. These three
heads of the departments comprised an executive
committee. This organization is abolished by
the executive order. The new departments will
be administered by John F. Stevens, chief en-
gineer; Richard R. Rogers, general counsel;
Colonel William C. Gorgas, chief sanitary officer;
D. W. Ross, general purchasing officer; E. S.
Benson, general auditor; E. J. Williams, dis-
bursing officer, and Jackson Smith, manager of
labor and quarters.

"The chairman," says the new order, "shall
have charge of all departments incident and
necessary to the construction of the canal or any
of its accessories ; he shall appoint the heads of
the various departments, subject to the approval
of the commission; the head of each department
shall report and receive his instructions from the
chairman; he shall have charge of the opera-
tions of the Panama Railroad and Steamship
Line."

The chief engineer will have charge of all en-
gineering work, the construction of the canal,
and control of the Panama Railroad in so far as
it relates to construction, and the custody of all
the supplies and plant of the commission on the
isthmus.

THE PANDEX

T«e iHA.Ot of PM?IU6 CaffEtM :
'AND T.e.ALOKHH WISOTt F UN Ny POEM'S
ABOUT M£ FOiyy ^ygAl^fe ACQ''

— Adapted from the New York Times.

AIRSHIP AS A NEW

FACTOR IN THE

WORLD OF

TRAFFIC

SANTOS-DUMONT. MAXIM. BELL, AND OTHER EXPERTS AGREE

THAT THE FLYING MACHINES WILL SOON BE IN COMMON

USE. FRANCE CREATES ALARM BY A PROPOSED

AERIAL WAR FLEET

OP course, the vision of such a thing is
far away, but nevertheless recent
events awake the imagination to the thought
that the world of invention is on the eve of a
device that will play an utterly new part in
the solution of traffic problems and create
an entirely new sphere of human intercourse
and law. The device is the airship, which so
lately as but five to ten years ago was looked
upon as probable only in the dreams of
fanatics, but which now is regarded by no
less responsible experimenters than Sir
Hiram Maxim and Santos-Dumont as so far
perfected that it will shortly be in as com-
mon use as the bicycle and the automobile.

AIRSHIPS IN EVERY HOME

Says

Santos-Dumont, After a Recent Success,
All Will Be Flying Soon.
Said the noted Brazilian aeronaut recent-

ly, according to the Kansas City Star:

Paris. — Santos-Dumont, since tlie successful
flight of his aeroplane, "The Bird of Prey,"
talks enthusiastically of the early approach of
the day when all mankind will be navigating
the air and flying machines will be more com-
mon than motor cars. Indeed, he believes that
the flying machine will eventually become the
poor man's motor car and be safer, faster, and
cheaper.

In an interview he said :

Machines Need Not Be Large.

"The machine I am experimenting with is
very large, having a surface of more than eighty
square yards, but the practical aeroplane, which
will be for the air what the democratic bicycle
is for the earth, will be much smaller. With
ordinary flying machines it is necessary to in-
crease the size in order to increase the power.

"With the aeroplane, on the contrary, speed
will be increased in direct proportion to the
diminution of the resistance surface. My pres-
ent aeroplane was intentionally built large to
overcome main obstacles as to principles. But
with increased power, which means speed, the

THE PANDEX

size can be reduced. At the same time, increased
speed adds to the safety, as a powerful motor
is more easily manipulated. We can, therefore,
look forward to a practical aeroplane which can
be comfortably housed in every home.
Cheaper Than Motor Cars.

"From the standpoint of maintenance, the
cost both of petroleum and repairs, the aero-
plane will be much less expensive than the motor
ear. There will be no expensive tires to burst
and no bad roads to jolt them to pieces. There
will be no collisions. Next year people will be
»ble to go to the seashore on their aeroplanes.
It will become the fad and the commencement
of a new industry.

"The only danger would be the risk of a
broken rudder, and I can not see that a rudder
could break itself. The aeroplane is immobility
itself. The swerving which made me descend on
October 23 can be easily rectified by a second
rudder to counteract any tendency in that direc-
tion."

MAXIM CONFIRMS THE HOPE

Great British Expert Thinks Problem of Aerial
Flight Is Solved.

Said the noted British inventor and air-
ship student, Sir Hiram Maxim, as quoted
in the Chicago Tribune:

London. — The question of a perfected navi-
gable flying machine is now regarded by experts
here as one of the probabilities of the immediate
future. Sir Hiram Maxim said recently:

"We shall not have any balloons in the future.
We shall have flying machines. A few years
ago the automobile was looked upon as a sort of
monstrosity. Now it is practically a necessity,
and I really think that in ten years at the out-
side we will be navigating the air as easily and
as surely as we now are navigating the sea
or the roads.

"For a balloon to lift, it must have a specific
gravity less than the air. To attain this it must
be exceedingly fragile. Therefore, it is useless
for all practical purposes. Again, it has to be
of comparatively enormous dimensions. Thus
you see in a balloon you have a combination
of size and fragility which must tell against its
usefulness, but with the advent of the true fly-
ing machine these drawbacks will disappear. So
I have no hesitation whatever in saying that
before many more years pass we shall do away
completely with the balloon.

"A solution of the problem is coming, what-
ever people think. I really believe .myself that
within a year from now there will be a great
number of machines in the air. This is certain
to happen within two years at any rate. We
can not get away from the fact that a real fly-
ing machine has now made its appearance.

Santos-Dumont has proved this in his recent
demonstrations, and these mark the beginning
of a totally new epoch in the history of the
world.

"There are sure to be startling developments
within the next year. We are only on the thresh-
old at present and the immediate future is full
of possibilities."

PROFESSOR BELL ALSO OPTIMISTIC

Declares American Firm of Wright Brothers the
Leaders in Invention.

Another specialist and inventor, who has
gained his distinction in the United States,
reviewed the subject at length recently.
Said the New York World :

"The impossible has been passed in aerial
navigation and I am proud of the fact that
America leads the world in that matter," said
Professor Alexander Graham Bell to a World re-
porter. Professor Bell had just returned from
Boston, where he had delivered an address on
the subject of aeronautics at the semi-annual
meeting of the National Academy of Sciences at
Harvard College. "To the Wright brothers,
of Ohio, belongs the credit of achieving the seem-
ingly impossible, and I believe Santos Dumont
has incorporated their ideas in his machine,"
said Professor Bell.

"The fact that America leads is not very
pleasing to France. They have been at it for
years over there, and as in some other things
wanted to lead the world — to be in the van of
newer creations. They lead the world in motor-
ing, you know. When Professor Langley was
successful in his flying machine in 1896 the
Frenchmen were startled and surprised, for they
had no idea that experiments were being made.
They started in then and determined to take the
laurels away from America. Within a year or
two thereafter France again was in first place.

"Now it is America's turn, and do what they
may to claim the honor, or try to discredit what
the Wright brothers have accomplished, the fact
still remains plain to any one who has followed
the subject of aerial navigation that France is
again in second place.

"Santos-Dumont deserves a great deal of
credit for what he has achieved and for risking
his life in numerous ascents and showing the
public that he was really doing something. But
the Wright brothers have accomplished more by
working quietly and without any flourish of
trumpets, so that when they are ready to show
the public what they really have done their suc-
cess will be all the greater.

Day of Laughter Has Gone By.

"Naturally I am very much interested in the
matter from a scientific standpoint. I have done
some experimenting myself, because I believe
that we are approaching a progressive era of

UNIVERSITY )
£Airc THE PANDEX

WHEN "HUMAN ELECTRICITY" IS APPLIED TO THE TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM.

"Two California scientists have succeeded in charging an electrical circnit with human
electricity by the application of electrodes to the walls of the stomach. A drink of whisky
doubled the current." — News Item.

"Oh, Auntie, I'm so glad to see you! And William promised to take a drink so he could
get home quickly. He's pretty fast, anyway.

"Watch at the window while I put away your things and perhaps you can see him coming,
with his skates on and all lit up.

"There he comes now, with a good-sized package. I was afraid he'd forget to get it. See!
He's waving to you! Those motor skates save so much time."

THE PANDEX

aerial navigation. It is but a few years ago that
talk of flying machines produced laughter. The
man who advocated such a thing was considered
mentally unbalanced. But the work went on
under adverse conditions, and so to-day we have
a real practicable flying machine in this country.
"I have not seen the Wright brothers' ship
nor Santos-Dumont's, but the details of both
are familiar to me. You see, the American in-
ventors have gone along conducting their experi-
ments in secret as much as possible, while San-
tos-Dumont has been before the public a great
deal. So the latter is very well known, and he
holds the center of the stage as the flying machine
star. But as a matter of fact the Wright
brothers could displace him were they to show
the world what they can do.

Value in Time of War.

"It will undoubtedly be in war maneuvers that
the machines will be given their first real test.
That is where their practicability will be thor-
oughly tried out. It will mean a great deal to
the country that has a flying machine to carry
dispatches or make observations and drop explo-
sives down in the enemy's camp. With a ma-
chine under control it will be a difficult matter
for the sharpshooters to hit it and disable it,
for it need never remain stationary. With a bal-
loon the navigators were at the mercy of the
air, and it has always been doubtful whether
their use in warfare was of any particular value.

"This Government recognized the value of the
flying machine long ago. That was why Pro-
fessor Langley was allowed to go ahead and
spend money in experiments. Had he been
allowed to work in secret and do what he wanted
the results would have been different.

"Ten years ago I was given a perfect realiza-
tion of the feasibility of the flying machine. At
that time Professor Langley had constructed his
first aeroplane and I was allowed to see it in
operation. He had a steam engine in it and it
flew about from one place to another, and I
managed to get a photograph of it. On two
different occasions he was successful with it.
That demonstrated that he was on the right
track, having a steam-propelled airship.

"Later on he continued his studies, and the
public through the newspapers may be blamed
for what happened. The writers camped on his
trail, and he was unable to make a move without
its becoming known. He was a sensitive man,
and all this jarred upon him. Because his ma-
chine did not do wonders, when in fact a slight
mishap disabled it, he was held up to ridicule
and there is no doubt in my mind that it has-
tened his end. He died broken-hearted when he
might have been successful had he been left
alone to perfect his machine.

More Encouragement in Europe.

"The incentive seems to be greater on the
other side of the water. They take to it more
over there and big rewards are offered for a
successful flying machine. Over here the country

is more matter of fact, and after the machine
is perfected it will be given approval. It is this
sort of thing that sometimes retards the devel-
opment of scientific inventions. All inventors
are not wealthy, and their experiments are some-
times carried on at a cost of lots of time and
what little money they have, and sometimes the
needful things are not available because of lack
of funds.

' ' No doubt Santos-Dumont could have done
much better had there been no great crowds
present when he made his ascent. The people
are not educated to the fact that a flying ma-
chine is something heavy and substantial, and
were one to hit you it would kill or seriously
injure you. But the people regard them in the
light of balloons, and so jeopardize their lives
by crowding about, preventing a man from pick-
ing out a suitable landing place. Of course,
Santos-Dumont is a victim of his own circum-
stances, for if he had not let it be so generally
known what he was going to do, it would have
been much different and his success would have
been more pronounced.

"The fact that the Wright brothers have been
able to fly with a machine that weighs 1925
pounds proves conclusively that the first stage
has been passed. Their engine alone weighs
more than two pounds and their car embodies
a great many principles which are in the line of
progress. The fiexibility of the rudders in front
and rear is something that seems to augur well
for the future success. While I have not person-
ally seen it, yet I can readily see how such rud-
ders may be worked advantageously in control-
ing the machine.

It Is the Old Story of Evolution.

"Flying machines are simply coming into
vogue now as they did many years ago. It is
the same old story of evolution, only we of this
age are making greater progress. Years and
years ago people were experimenting with all
sorts of devices, but many of them sacrificed
their lives in attempting to fly, so it died out.
This present age, however, is one that does not
admit defeat and the people are struggling along
accomplishing something all the time. They have
the advantage of more knowledge gleaned from
scientists and this they can turn to great advan-
tage. ' '

SANTOS-DUMONT RESENTFUL

Grows Angry Over Statement That He Imitated
Wright Brothers.
The reflection contained in Professor
Bell's interview naturally was resented by
the eminent Brazilian. Said the New York
Herald :

Paris. — When seen yesterday by a Herald cor-
respondent concerning the criticism made upon
his performances by Professor Graham Bell, M.

THE PANDEX

Santos-Dumont said he was surprised to see such
foolish remarks in print. He very much doubted
whether Professor Bell ever uttered such words.

"You see," said the young Brazilian, "one
part of the argument destroys the other. For
instance, Professor Bell is reported to have said
that he believes the Wright brothers have made
a machine which has flown and that naturally
they kept it perfectly secret. Almost in the
same breath he is reported as accusing me of
copying the designs of the Wright brothers.

"How could I do such a thing if the machine
had been kept hidden away from every observer?
The thing is altogether too absurd. As I said
once before, there is absolutely no evidence ob-
tainable here to support the alleged statements
of the Wright brothers. They may have flown,
but there is nothing in any reports of their pro-
ceedings which inspires confidence.

"What might very easily take place, now
that I have managed to construct a machine
which has flown and of which photographs and
plans are in everybody's hands, is that the
Wright brothers might copy my machine, come
out with it in public and declare they had con-
structed it years ago when the first of their re-
markable series of letters began. There is noth-
ing that I can see to prevent them doing this
and claiming to be the first to have flown."

FRANCE BUILDS WAR FLEET

Lebaudy's Dirigible Balloons Are Used for Mili-
tary Purposes.
For a long time the French militarists have
been viewing the airship with a seriousness
far greater than the phlegmatic cynicism of
the Yankee temperament has allowed itself
to cultivate, with the result shown in the
following from the New York American:

Paris. — France will soon have a navy of the
air. A fleet of aerial warships is to be built —
indeed, a squadron is already being constructed.

The dirigible war balloon of MM. Lebaudy,
built on the plans by the celebrated engineer,
Julliot, has made an astonishing flight, absolutely
unattached, and has proved as much under con-
trol as a first-class yacht.

The scene of this flight was at Moisson,
near Mantes, Department of Seine-et-Oise, and
the distance made was sixty miles. This success
following that of ten days ago, when the
machine stayed in the air two hours and twenty
minutes, has created the greatest excitement in
the French War Department, which is now con-
vinced that the day of a possible warfare in
the air is at hand. This airship of the Lebaudys
is named La Patrie, and is driven by a motor
which gives the propellers an average of eight
hundred and fifty revolutions per minute. She

is cigar-shaped, but much larger and more pow-
erful than that of Santos Dumont.

The experiment was the more brilliant repe-
tition of that of November 16. After several
trials made when the airship was but a foot or
so above the earth to see if the motor was work-
ing well, six passengers, including an engineer
from the War Office, entered the ear, and at
9.20 the motor was set working and La Patrie
rose gracefully from the gi-ound to a height
of six hundred feet. All present, including the
specially appointed officials from the War Office,
expressed admiration at the rapidity and ease
with which she answered her helm. She was
completely under the command of her pilot, and
the officers declared that the perfect airship had
at last been built.

Soon after rising the Patrie sailed off grace-
fully in the direction of the village of Lavacourt
at a speed of fifteen miles per hour. She then
circled around the village, turning to the left or
right with ease, and finally moved off to the hills
bordering the Seine, swerved around toward
Moisson, coming back toward her shed at the
gait of twenty miles an hour. When over the
shed and about two hundred feet in the air she
slowly and gracefully settled down to the ground
amidst the waiting squad of soldiers.

BRITISH ARE ALARMED

Said to Fear That Other Nations Will Have the
First Aerial Warships.
What the French activity may mean is re-
flected in the following from the Chicago
Record-Herald :

London. — Though the English people have been
slow, as they were in the case of automobilism,
to take the same interest in aerial navigation as
other European nations, the enthusiasm which
they are now displaying was manifested by a
large and interested audience which assembled
at the Royal United Service Institution to
listen to a lecture on "recent progress in
aerial navigation" by Colonel J. D. FuUerton
of the Royal Engineers. Major B. F. S. Baden-
Powell occupied the chair.

In the course of the lecture Colonel Fullerton
said great progress had recently been made
toward solving the problem of aerial navigation,
and it behooved Englishmen to keep abreast of
the times.

Other countries were giving particular atten-
tion to the subject and England must do the
same. The "soaring" balloon was never likely
to be of any practical use and the "driving"
was a question of the future.

Fuel to supply this driving force presented
a difficulty which no inventor so far had over-
come successfully. At present oil appeared best
for aeronautical use, as it was safe, had good
heat value and could be easily handled. The
motor was a machine devised to utilize the power

THE PANDEX

of the fuel to the best advantage. In conclusion
the lecturer said:

"There is no doubt whatever that aerial ships
will play an important part in future wars. It
is consequently most desirable that this country
should at once take steps to insure a suitable
aerial force being ready when the time for the
struggle arrives, and I suggest that a royal com-
mission be appointed to report after careful in-
quiry as to whether there is now a reasonable
chance of solving the problem of flight."

WOMAN INVENTS A SHIP

Carnegie Offers to Aid in Practical Test of a
New Air Vessel.

New York. — The only woman in the world who
has attempted to solve the problem of aerial
navigation is Miss E. L. Todd, of West Twenty-
third Street.

Since the efforts of Santos-Dumont and Pro-
fessor Langlfcy Miss Todd has attempted to
profit by the failures or successes of both these
men, and believes she has found the solution
of this difficult problem of locomotion in the air.
She has invented a flying machine which is now
attracting wide attention at the show of the
Aero Club in Grand Central Palace. Her ma-
chine is an aeroplane and relies for success on
a ratchet arrangement for directing the course
of the machine upward or downward at will. In
the model on exhibition Miss Todd has found the
same difficulty that has confronted all aerial
navigators — that is, it won't fly. But she con-
fidently believes that she can easily overcome
this defect.

The invention of Miss Todd has attracted more
attention than any other exhibit at the Palace
show. Andrew Carnegie spends two or three
hours every day in going over the details with
the woman inventor.

"How will you regulate the landing of the
machine?" asked Mr. Carnegie, as he was
minutely examining the parts of the airship
one day.

"I think that is one of the easiest problems to
solve," replied Miss Todd. "You see this valve
here? Well, by putting that into play the elec-
tric force is so curtailed that the revolutions
of the fans decrease. Without impetus the ma-
chine will naturally discontinue its flight. It is
exactly the same principle as employed by the
larger birds, ' ' she explained to Mr. Carnegie, who
was intensely interested.

"But do you think it will rise at the right
time?" asked Mr. Carnegie.

"Of course, this model will not rise," ex-
plained Miss Todd, "but in a perfect machine I
think that will be easily solved."

Mr. Carnegie, it is said, would be willing to
defray the expenses of having a practical test.

THE OLD SHEEP WAGON

I have heard men long for a palace, but I want
no such abode.

For wealth is a source of trouble, and a ieweled
crown IS a load;

I'll take my home in the open, with a mixture
01 sun and rain —

Just give me my old sheep wagon, on the bound-
less Wyoming plain.

With the calling sheep around me, and my do-

with his head on my knees,
I float cigarette smoke on the sage-scented prairie

breeze ;
And at night, when the band is bedded, I ereeo

like a tired child ^

To my tarp in the friendly wagon, alone on the

sheep range wild.

I have had my fill of mankind, and my collie's

my only friend.
And I'm waiting here in the sagebrush for the

judgment the Lord may send ;
They'll find me dead in my wagon, out here on

the hilltops brown.
But I reckon I'll die as easy as I would in a

bed in town.

— Denver Republican.

Heartless Sheila Shea.

Shure, the parish is so quiet.

Sheila Shea.
All the folk are saddened by it

In a way.
An' the whole o' thim arewaitin'
Pur the joy o' celebratin'

Somethin' lively; like a weddin', let us say.
Shure ye know it is the duty
Of a girl that's blessed wid beauty

To be careful not to let it waste "away.

Do ye hear me. Sheila Shea
Shure, how can ye be so gay,
Wid such quiet all about ye, that ye sing the
livelong day?

Has no sense o' sorrow found ye,

Sheila Shea?
Paix, the world revolves around ye.

An' it's gray.
Still, the spell will soon be broken.
Fur, although ye have not spoken

Sorra word o' what I've begged of ye to say.
If ye will not grace a weddin',
'Tis meself will soon be dead, an'

There's some comfort in a funeral, anyway.

Do ye hear me. Sheila Shea?
Shure, how can ye be so gay
Wid my breakin' heart so near ye, that ye sing
the livelong day?

— Catholic Standard and Times.

THE PANDEX

THE OLD AND THE NEW IN KANSAS.— No. I.
More than two thousand Kansas farmers have bought automobiles and the horse is rapidly
becoming a back number in that state. — News Item. See Page 83 for No. II.

ON THE BASIS OF THE SOIL

AMERICA HAS A PERIOD OF ASTONISHING
AGRICULTURAL PROSPERITY

SECRETARY WILSON'S ANNUAL REPORT IS CALLED THE EPIC

OF THE FARM.— EXPERIMENTS IN CAMPHOR GROWING

AS A PRECAUTION AGAINST WAR.— UTILIZING

THE PRICKLY PEAR

F'OR several years there has been a reaction
in the United States against the passion
for industrialism which has gradually driven
the country into its era of trusts and railroad
monopolies, and the swing of sentiment has
been back toward the farm. Nothing has
stimulated the trend so much as the remark-
able breadth and inventiveness of the work
in the Department of Agriculture. And
now, as the country finds itself pinched for
money with which to do its business and
short of facilities with which to carry its
products, it is significant that the main cause
of all the trouble is found to be the prolific
output of the farm.

FARMERS' LOAN BILL PASSED

National Banks to be Allowed to Lend Money on
Unencumbered Farms.

Probably nothing could more fully illus-
trate the extent to which the farm has been
rehabilitated in public esteem than the fol-
lowing from the New York Times:

Washington. — After years of wrangling the
House of Representatives passed recently by a
three-to-one vote the Lewis bill, permitting na-
tional banks to make twelve months' loans on
unencumbered farm lands to an extent equal to
one-quarter of their capital stock. The debate
was spirited, and such men as Hepburn, John
Sharp Williams, Prince, of Illinois, Gillespie, of

THE PANDEX

Texas, and Hill, of Connecticut, engaged in the
arguments.

It was "the great West and the farmer" ver-
sus Wall Street and the city banker throughout
the wrangle. Mr. Hepburn contended that
western surpluses went to New York to supply
the sinews for speculation and then went back
to western borrowers at exorbitant rates. High
rates for call money, he asserted, were not
caused by drains of money to lend to the West,
but by the demands on Wall Street to return
what it had borrowed from the West. The
farmers, he continued, had little personal prop-
erty, while their land was their asset.

He urged that western banks be given the
right to make loans with this asset as collateral.
The result, he said, would be that the farmers
of the West could borrow at home; the banks
there would have a field for surpluses. Wall
Street would be stripped of this source of specu-
lative material, and the demand for its return
would be largely removed. Thus feverishness in
the loan market would be lessened, and call rates
be less subject to violent upward move-
ment. He added that the twenty-five per
cent limit made the transaction safe for banks,
however small their capital, and despite the im-
possibility of immediate realization.

AN EPIC OF FARMING

Magnitude of American Rural Output Exceeds
All Past Records.

The ofRcial Federal report of the coun-
try's farming condition was condensed as
follows in the Philadelphia North American :

A veritable epic in figures, a triumphant song
in statistics, is the report of the secretary of
Agriculture, which tells the story of the Amer-
ican farmer's marvelous store of riches won
from the soil in the year just ended, reaching the
astounding total of $6,794,000,000.

This exceeds the record-breaking products of
last year by $324,000,000.

The value of the farm products of the nation
during the last twelve months would duplicate
the entire railroad system of the United States,
rail for rail, tie for tie, ear for car. The Amer-
ican farm products of 1905 and 1906 pay for
every railroad in the world, including the entire
equipment.

Whatever else may be the cause of the move-
ment from the country to the cities, it isn't the
unproductiveness of the farms nor the unprofit-
ableness of farming. Probably among no other
class has there been such an advance in the ma-
terial comforts and the general prosperity as
among the farmers.

Farms Worth $28,000,000,000.

The total value of the farm properties of the
United States is estimated by Secretary Wil-
son's department at $28,000,000,000. This is an
increase of $8,000,000,000 since 1900. It is more

than twice the capitalization of all the railroads
of the United States, and four and a half times
their real value. The earnings of the farms for
the year amounted to nearly three times the net
earnings of all the railroads.

Not only are the American farms the founda-
tion of the domestic plenty that pervades the
land, but they are the source of the nation's
credit abroad. The foreign balance due the
United States on agricultural products for the
fiscal year of 1906 is $433,000,000, while the bal-
ance on all other classes of exports is only $85,-
009,000.

In the last seventeen years the American
farmer has piled up the enormous credit of six
billions of dollars, while the pampered manu-
facturer with all the stimulus of protective
tariff and other government favors has a balance
against him of $459,000,000.

During the year 1906 the exports of agricul-
tural products touched the high-water mark of
$970,000,000, or $24,000,000 more than the ex-
ports of the previous record year, which was
1901.

Com the Banner Crop.

Secretary Wilson notes the fact that the chief
increase in the value of farm products during
the year was in horses and meat cattle. The
crops about balanced with the previous year. The
greatest crop was corn, as usual, its value being
$1,100,000,000. Next in line came cotton, with a
total of $640,000,000, while hay, much ignored
by writers on national wealth, was produced to
the value of $600,000,000., Wheat, with a total
of $450,000,000, showed a falling off of about
$50,000,000.

An astonishing result is reported in the beet-
sugar industry, which amounted to $34,000,000,
against $7,000,000 seven years ago.

As showing the preponderance of the United
States in cotton, the report points out that the
product of Texas alone is greater than that of
British India, and three times that of Egypt,
while it is half as much again as the entire crop
of the rest of the world outside of the United
States, India, and Egypt.

There is a curious note in the fact that, despite
the furore over the packing-house disclosures,
the exports of that industry exceeded those of
the previous year by $37,000,000.

As to how the farmer has used his surplus
earnings. Secretary Wilson says:

The farmer's standard of living is rising
higher and higher. The common things of his
farm go to the city to become luxuries. He is
becoming a traveler; and he has his telephone
and his daily mail and newspaper. His life is
healthful to body and sane to mind, and the
noise and fever of the city have not become the
craving of his nerves, nor his ideal of the every-
day pleasures of life. A new dignity has come
to agriculture, along with its economic strength;
and the farmer has a new horizon, far back of
that of his prairie and his mountains, which is
more promising than the sky-line of the city.

THE PANDEX

THE NEW IN KANSAS— No. II.

THEY MAKE RAILROADS RICH

Farmers Pay Half a Billion a Year for Their
Transportation.
The contribution of the farms to the in-
dustrial world was shown, to a small extent,
in the following in the St. Louis Republic:

New York. — Revenues of the railroads of the
country for carrying the agricultural products
for the year 1906 are estimated at $524,764,025
by Captain G. J. Grammer, vice-president of the
New York Central lines in charge of traffic, who
has compiled the detailed figures on the subject
printed in an accompanying table. Transporta-
tion men who studied its columns yesterday said
they considered them accurate.

In figuring out the earnings which are to come
to the transportation companies from the prod-
ucts of the soil, Captain Grammer takes into
consideration the total crop production, its value
at current market rates, the amount of carriage
which each crop will entail, the average railroad
rate, and the earnings per car for this service.
Consideration is given to the fact that much of
the property is transported several times to and
from manufactories and the general markets, for
example.

A WEAPON FOR WAR TIME

Government Prepares to Grow Camphor As Pre-
caution Against Emergency.
Also, nothing could better illustrate the
value of the federal activity in the agricul-
tural field than the following from the San
Francisco Chronicle:

Washington. — The government is preparing to
raise its own camphor, so that in case of trouble
with Japan it will not be cut off from one of the
ingredients necessary in the manufacture of
smokeless powder.

Beverly Galloway, chief of the Bureau of
Plant Industry, appeared recently before the
House Committee on Agriculture and stated that
Japan controlled the camphor output, but he
said that it had been demonstrated that cam-
phor could be produced in this country, and that
a plantation of three thousand acres was to be
set out in Florida.

The tree is grown successfully in California,
but only for ornament. Galloway said that in
Japan the trees are cut down to extract the gum,
but the Bureau has learned that it can be ex-
tracted from the twigs, and the usefulness of the
tree is little impaired thereby.

NEW VARIETY OF ALFALFA

Secretary Wilson Says it Will Grow Where the
Mercury Goes Down to Forty Below Zero.
Or, if the growing of camphor against the
contingency of war is not a suflSicient exhibit
of the utility of the federal farming, the
following will give further conviction. It
is from the New York Sun:

Washington. — James Wilson, secretary of agri-
culture, delivered an address at the Thanksgiving
service of the Mount Pleasant Congregational
Church, in which he said that within ten days
an agent of the Agricultural Deoartment had
sent word that he had found in Siberia an alfalfa
which would grow where the mercury went down
to forty degrees below zero.

"We wanted dry-land crops and that is what

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we have found," said Mr. Wilson. "Tliat va-
riety of alfalfa is coming to the United States.
That is one of the most interesting things that
has been brought to my attention during the last
year. ' '

Among other things that Mr. Wilson told his
auditors were that 13,500,000 copies of reports
by special agricultural agents were being sent
out by his Department for the education of the
people ; that the farmers were so prosperous that
they were putting money in the banks and send-
ing their boys and girls to college, and would
have to buy automobiles or find some other way
of getting rid of their wealth, and that through
modern machinery and methods one farm hand
in the country could do as much work as four
hundred Chinamen, and as a result rice was be-
ing produced so cheaply in the United States that
700,000,000 pounds of it were exported last year,
some of it to rice-growing countries.

ARTIFICIAL VEGETABLES

Professor Leduc Produces Them by Chemical
Process — ^Act Like Living Plants.

Something of the intimacy of scientific
interest elsewhere than in America in the
propagation of food substances is reflected
in the following from the New York Sun :

Paris.^ — The Academy of Sciences heard Pro-
fessor d'Ai-sonval describe artificial vegetables,
which he exhibited, and which were produced by
the methods of Professor Leduc, of the Nantes
Medical College. Professor d'Arsonval inter-
ested his colleagues greatly, but unfortunately
for the lay public, he did not say whether the
so-called vegetables are edible.

While they were described as vegetables, they
have nothing of the vegetable in their makeup,
but they behave after their production as do the
real vegetables they resemble under natural con-
ditions. Into the composition of these products
nothing living enters. Professor Leduc makes
seeds in pill form, one part of sulphate of cop-
per and two parts of glucose. These are de-
posited in bouillon made of gelatine, to which
are added three per cent of ferro-cyanide of po-
tassium and a little sea salt.

The seed develops sometimes on the surface of
the liquid and sometimes in its depths, giving
birth to plants resembling seaweed and other
marine plants. It was announced that these
artificial plants were not merely scientific curiosi-
ties. Professor Leduc has been able to recog-
nize that they have the same properties as the
plants they resemble, and are influenced simi-
larly by heat and light.

THE CANNING INDUSTRY

Nearly Fifty-four Thousand Persons Employed
and the Output is Worth $108,000,000
Annually.
The following from the Kansas City Star

speaks for itself, as to one of the by-products
of the farm:

Washington. — The canning and preserving in-
dustries of the United States employ 53,862 per-
sons and their output in 1904 was worth $108,-
500,000, according to a census bulletin which was
made public recently. The capital of the 2,703
establishments engaged in the business is $70,-
000,000.

The canned vegetable output was valued at
$45,250,000, canned and dried fruits $27,250,000,
canned fish $17,000,000, smoked fish $2,362,000,
salted fish $6,250,000, canned oysters $3,800,000.
California leads the states with a canned product
of nearly $25,000,000. New York reports $13,-
000,000, Maryland $12,750,000, Iowa canned
$2,616,000 worth of corn, which is more than
any other state reported. Alaska leads in the
production of canned salmon, with an output of
$7,618,000. Washington was second, with $2,500,-
000.

Maine turned out $4,291,000 worth of canned
sardines and all the other states less than $100,-
000. The Massachusetts product of salted cod
was 38,000,000 pounds, valued at $2,500,000, or
more than three times the combined output of all
other states.

In the canning of oysters Mississippi ranks
first, Maryland second, South Carolina third,
Louisiana fourth, Georgia fifth.

WEALTH IN THE PRICKLY PEAR

Texas Ranchmen Find They Can Convert the
Cactus Into Denatured Alcohol,

Nothing has more continuously marked
the progress of systematic study of agricul-
ture than the discovery from time to time
of the serviceability of hitherto rejected
substances and growth. An example in point
is the following from the New York Herald:

Fort Worth. — In portions of West Texas and
over a great deal of South and Southwest Texas
the prickly pear has long been regarded as an
unmitigated nuisance, although during seasons of
drought the ranchmen have found it a very good
cattle food after the spines are removed by burn-
ing.

Since the impetus given the making of dena-
tured alcohol it is claimed that there is a bonanza
to be reaped from these cactus lands of Texas as
a material for manufacturing alcohol, and at
several points in West Texas arrangements are
being made to soon begin work with portable
stills, which will be moved around in the cactus
region as the supply diminishes. Owners of this
cactus land are figuring on some big revenue
when the alcohol making begins, and it is an ex-
periment that is being watched with much inter-
est throughout the state.

The feeding of this prickly pear to stock has

THE PANDEX

also been given a new impetus in consequence of
some experiments that have recently been made
and the boost given the idea by the federal
authorities at Washington. As a result of care-
ful experiments it has been shown that a ration
producing between one and a quarter and one
and a half pounds of butter per day cost about
thirteen cents when pear, rice, bran, and cotton-
seed meal were fed.

Although prickly pear is low in nutritive value
from the chemical standpoint, the steer-feeding
experiment shows also that there is abundant
justification for the practices in vogue of prepar-
ing cattle for market upon prickly pear and cot-
tonseed meal. A gain of one and three-quarter
pounds a day at an expense of three cents per
pound compares favorably with the feeding re-
sults obtained from standard feeds.

NEW LAND OF CORN FOUND

An Astonishing Yield Gathered This Year in In-
dian Territory.

In connection with the creation of a new
State in the Southwest, the following as to
a feature of the State is imperative. It is
from the Kansas City Star:

Muskogee, I. T. — Just now Indian Territory is
attempting to move the greatest corn crop that
has ever been produced in the new country — and
every bushel of it is worth thirty cents. This is
the first year that Indian Territory has had a
chance to show what it could do in producing
corn. The result is a revelation. Every shipping
point is crowded, while elevators and corn cribs
are bursting with their loads.

Not a railroad in the territory can furnish
enough cars to move the crops, and still the
farmers pour in with wagon loads, and each
wagon has the side boards raised. In the towns
in the northern part of the territory, where is
the best corn land, there will be long ricks of
corn piled out on the ground like stacks of
straw, waiting to be moved. There is neither
crib nor elevator room and the railroads can not
move the crop.

But the Price is Thirty Cents.

In many towns all the elevator men have re-
fused to buy another bushel of corn until the
railroads furnish sufficient cars to move it, but
still the price is thirty cents whenever a bushel
is sold, and with corn making sixty and seventy
bushels to the acre this is pretty good money.

COTTON CLOGS ITS ROAD

New State of Oklahoma Produces the Staple in
Marvelous Abundance.

Still another impressive phase of the same
section of the country is revealed in the fol-
lowing from the same paper :

Guthrie, Ok. — Oklahoma and Indian Territory

are bulging with cotton. Throughout the cotton
belt the country is billowy with white. At every
crossroads is a puffing gin, and along evfery coun-
try road move wagons filled high with seed cot-
ton. The streets of the towns are blockaded
with cotton wagons, surrounded by cotton buyers
in keen competition.

In towns where compresses are established
there is even greater activity. A famine of cars
has made it almost impossible to move cotton,
except to the compresses, and the buildings stand
isolated in a level sea of bales packed as closely
together as possible. The immense platforms are
covered with cotton, and the bales reach far un-
der the sheds. Switch engines bump and rattle
along lines of loaded cars discharging their
freight at the compresses, to be squeezed a sec-
ond time under powerful machinery to reduce
their size and consume less space in the holds of
rusty, storm-beaten steamships at Galveston and
New Orleans, which convey their >^argoes across
the Atlantic to foreign countries, even as far
as Russia and Japan. The trackage is so over-
crowded that often passenger trains are delayed
by cotton trains that can not be moved quickly
from the main line.

Estimated at One Million Bales.

Some cotton brokers estimate that Oklahoma
and Indian Territory will raise one million bales
this year. This means fifty million dollars paid
in cash in about one-half the geographical area
of the state, or almost fifty dollars per capita to
every man, woman, and child.

RAISE CHICKENS OR GO

Unwritten Law of Montezuma That Everybody
Shall Breed Poultry.

Montezuma, Iowa. — "Love me, love my hen,"
is the motto which could be written with pro-
priety over an illuminated gateway to this little
town. If you do not raise chickens you can not
live in the town, enjoy its society, or send your •
children to school.

A few have tried to live in Montezuma with-
out engaging in the poultry industry either for
pleasure or profit, but they have always found
their dislike for chickens growing into a sort of
barrier against friendly intercourse with their
neighbors, and they came to be almost social out-
casts. Their children were hooted at school,
called "snobs," and told that their parents were
too lazy to work or raise chickens.

These unpleasant conditions and real ostracism
from the society of Montezuma were endured
long, but at last the victims yielded. A delivery
man left a jag of lumber and a few rods of wire
netting and several mysterious boxes, from which
flitted noisy, clucking, and crowing chickens. The
next day the family joined the chicken raisers
and took its place in society.

This little town raises more chickens per capita
than any other town in America. Here every-
body who is "anybody" raises poultry. The
back yards of every resident are dotted with
chicken houses and exercise pens, while the town

THE PANDEX

is practically hedged in with chicken farms.
Every householder, masculine or feminine, knows
how to fcreed, hatch, rear, feed, and care for
broilers, roasters, layers, and exhibition fowls ;
how to build sheds, coops, brooders, and houses
for large and small assortments of chickens.
Almost every man or woman is a specialist on
diseases of poultry, knows how much red pepper
to give, and when to use real castor oil.

Those who believe that dead chickens are the
only good variety to have on the place simply
can not live here. Gardening is mingled with
the lost arts. There is little to do but raise
poultry. The industry has woven itself with the
affairs of life here until social evenings, as well
as the meetings of the town council, are given
over to discussions of the poultry industry and
the rights of owners. Montezuma is a big incu-
bator and brooder for the poultry markets of
the Northwest.

TO SAW THE PRAIRIE SOD

Colorado Invention to Improve Fertility and to
Save Irrigation.
One of the most sweeping phases of Gov-
ernmental interest in agriculture is the
Reclamation Service. Parallel with the
gigantic efforts involved in this work has
come recently the following story of a com-
paratively simple method of conquering the
arid lands. The story is from the Kansas
City Star:

But for the serious consideration being given
his unique propositions by leading men of
science and affairs, one would be tempted to
think that Colonel Albert Talmon Morgan, of
Denver, Col., was a dreamer, a real Colonel Sel-
lers.

His hobbies are to saw the soil of the West
with buzz saws on wheels and thus make it laugh
with a bountiful harvest; to fill the canyons and
gulches of the continental divide with artificial
glaciers, and quench the thirst of the plains in
summer time with ice water; to abolish the arid-
ity of the West and the excessive humidity of
the South — these are the large contracts he has
cut out for performance by a queer looking ma-
chine that stands in the rear of a machine shop.
The irreverent small boy has dubbed it the "Col-
orado go-devil," but he calls it the Morgan auto
saw ditcher.

To Make Arid Lands Fertile.
Here is the philosophy of this epochal inven-
tion : The auto saw ditcher, hitched to a steam
traction engine, with gang saws placed a foot
apart, will buzz-saw the plains instead of plow-
ing them. Millions of little trenches, or grooves,
or riffles, or saw cuts, or whatever one chooses
to call them, will be sawn in the arid prairie a
foot or more in depth and an inch or an inch and
a half in width, at right angles to the line of
drainage. When a rain comes, or when the snows

melt, instead of running off the surface into the
water courses to create disastrous floods a thou-
sand miles or more away, the moisture will sink
into these millions of saw cuts. Gradually it
will percolate on down into the subsoil, soaking
it so that it, as well as the partitions between
the grooves and the sun-baked prairie will be
filled with water like a sponge. In these saw-
cuts the Colonel will then plant the seed of
whatever crops he wishes to harvest. By this
method he declares he can grow sugar beets a
foot long, doubling Colorado's annual production
without the planting of an additional acre.

Water Stored in Glaciers.

Next in the scheme is the reintroduetion of
the glacial age. At every little pool, lake, and
basin near the bleak mountain tops, the Colonel
plans to place siphons. When ice forms in win-
ter time over these pools, these siphons will be
put to work, pouring water from the bottoms
of the pools out over the surface of the ice on
lower levels. Hundreds of miles of glaciers,
many feet in thickness might thus be formed
every winter in the deep canyons and gulches of
the continental divide. Instead of going off with
a rush on the arrival of spring, as a greater por-
tion of the snows and thin ice of the mountains
now do, the great glaciers will melt but slowly,
distributing their moisture into the streams
through the hot summer months. This moisture
can then be used to supplement that stored in
the saw cuts on the plains for irrigation wher-
ever needed.

"The storing of moisture in the soil and in
glacial formations in the mountains will inevit-
ably reduce the drainage into the Mississippi so
materially that the floods that threaten the levees
and inundate the lowlands will never more be
heard of," he declares. Was there ever a more
beautiful example of killing two birds with one
stone? It all sounds too good to be true.

It is a Mechanical Success.

Colonel Morgan has advocated these ideas in
season and out of season for many years, but
never got a hearing until this fall. He went so
far as to have an experimental buzz saw on
wheels constructed, just to convince people that
his auto saw would saw. It did saw, and so many
people saw it saw that doubt on that score is no
longer possible. The way it made the sawdirt
fly was a caution. It threatened to bury the
horses, which supplied the motive power. A
shield was then placed in front of the saw to
catch the dirt and place it at one side of the
saw-cut. When gang saws are used, the dirt
will be placed between the channels. The buzz
saws, it should be explained, revolve in a direc-
tion contrary to that of the wheels of the car-
riage. Instead of cutting down, they cut up, lift-
ing the particles of soil from their positions and
throwing them out of the way.

Mechanically, therefore, the buzz saw in the
soil is a success. It does the work expected of
it, requiring less power for its operation than a
plow. An acre of gi'ound, or a thousand acres
of ground can be gang-sawed by this new imple-

THE PANDEX

Now That Fanners Are In the Labor Union If Horses Could Talk.

— Indianapolis News.

THE PANDEX

ment of husbandry cheaper than it can be
plowed. Colonel Morgan says that the buzz saw
will crowd the plow out of business. It will be
laid on the shelf, relegated to the scrap pile, or
banished to museums and collections of antiques.
This, of course, remains to be seen. The effects
of the sawing of the soil for the conservation of
moisture in the plains have not yet been demon-
strated.

To be Given a Trial.

Many prominent people have indorsed Colonel
Morgan's plan. The Denver Chamber of Com-
merce has indorsed the' idea to the extent of
joining in the effort to raise $10,000 with which
to test its practicability and efficiency on a scale
that will forever settle the question.

The Hon. E. T. Wells, former justice of the
Colorado Supreme Court, predicts that it will
revolutionize agricultural conditions throughout
the semi-arid belt. Former State Senator
Stranger says it is the only practicable idea ever
advanced for the prevention of drainage from
the surface and the reduction of evaporation to
a minimum. He expects it to accomplish great
things — but doesn't believe the days of the plow
are yet past. Farmers, merchants^ bankers, law-
yers, statesmen, scholars, and business men are
fascinated by the novelty and the magnificent
promise of the idea — but the necessary cash piles
up slowly.

The path of Colonel Morgan has not been
strewn with roses. Most of his time and all of
his money have been spent on the development
of the great idea, and in a vain endeavor to enlist
the aid of sufficient capital to give it a test. It
seems as if the day of the buzz saw had at last
arrived. It will, at least, be given an exhaustive
test to decide whether the faith of the inventor
of the auto saw is justified or vain. That is all
he asks.

BBEEDING A SETLESS HEN

Government Starts a Special Farm on Which to
Experiment.

Can the great American hen be thoroughly
commercialized? Can she be made to forego her
ancient and honorable ambition to set, and in-
duced to put in all her time and energy produc-
ing eggs?

The Agricultural Department believes that
such a thing is possible, and is now endeavoring
to produce a non-setting continuous egg-laying
fowl that will cheerfully forego the cares of the
nursery and lay at least one egg a day the year
round.

In order to ascertain just what effect encour-
agement and training will have upon the hen, an
experimental station has been established by the
Bureau of Animal Industry of the Agricultural
Department.

'This experimental plant is located at St. Denis,
near Baltimore, Md., and is in charge of Robert
R. Slocum, a chicken expert, who was induced
to superintend the work.

Efforts to induce the hen to spend less time
setting and more time laying are being directed

by Dr. George M. Rommel, of the Bureau of
Animal Industry.

Dr. Rommel says: "The matter is all in the
future as yet, but the theory is that we can in-
fluence the hen's egg production by feeding; that
is, by what we feed her and how we feed her.

"We have made practically no experiments as
yet, but the Bureau of Animal Husbandry has
secured the services of R. R. Slocum, who is an
expert in that line, and he will have charge of the
new work.

"The first work at the hen farm at St. Denis
will be the study of the moist and dry mash
systems of feeding and of the use of the self-
feeding hoppers. The equipment is necessarily
modest, because the available funds are not
large.

Experiments in Feeding.

"A house divided into three pens, each accom-
modating twenty-five hens, with suitable yards,
is to be constructed. This house, together with
incubators, brooders, etc., sufficient to raise
enough pullets to replace those used in the ex-
periments, will comprise the immediate equip-
ment.

"The two problems under investigation are to
be combined by the use of three pens of fowls.
The different lots of fowls are to be housed ex-
actly alike, and all the conditions made equal
except the methods of feeding.

"Fowls in pen No. 1 Will receive, morning and
night, a mixture of whole or cracked grains scat-
tered in the litter, and at noon a moistened
mash.

"Those in pen No. 2 will receive, morning and
night, the same grain mixture, fed in the litter
exactly as in pen No. 1, and the same mash at
noon, except that it will be dry.

"The only difference between these two pens
will be that pen No. 1 receives the mash moist-
ened, while pen No. 2 receives exactly the same
mash dry.

"Fowls in pen No. 3 jwill be fed exactly as
those in the other pens, but will be fed from two
self-feeding hoppers, one containing the grain
and the other the mash. This mash will, of
course, be dry. The hopper containing the grain
will be opened about 4 p. m. in winter and 5 p. m.
in summer, and will be left open until the next
noon. It will then be closed; and the second
hopper, containing the mash, will be opened, and
left so, until the first hopper is again opened.

"In this way the fowls will have feed before
them at all times, and can eat as much or as
little as they please. A comparison can be made
with pen No. 2, the only difference being that
pen No. 2 receives its food at regular intervals
and in amounts indicated by the appetite of the
fowls, while those in pen No. 3 can help them-
selves at all times.

"White Plymouth Rock fowls are to be used
in the experiments, not because of any special
preference for this variety, but simply as a mat-
ter of convenience. Pullets are to be raised from
the various pens, and the test will be repeated
twice to confirm results and note the effect of
the different systems on vitality."

THE P A N D E X

9(»

THE PANDEX

Points From the Message

I T is probable that only reckless speculation
* and disresrard of legitimate business methods
on the part of the business world can materially
mar our prosperity.

No Congress in our time has done more good
work of importance than the present Congress.

I again recommend a law prohibiting all cor-
porations from contributing to the campaign ex-
pense of any party.

A bill which has just passed one house of the
Congress, and which it is urgently necessary
should be enacted into law, is that conferring
u[)on the Government the right of appeal in
criminal cases on questions of law.

There must be no hesitation in dealing with
disordei-. But there must likewise be no such
abuse of the injunction power as is implied in
forbidding laboring men to strive for their own
betterment in peaceful and lawful ways, nor
must the injunction be used merely to aid some
big corporation in carrying out schemes for its
own aggrandizement.

There is but one safe rule in dealing with
black men as with white men; it is the same rule
that must be applied in dealing with rich men
and poor men ; that is to treat each man, what-
ever his color, his creed, or his social position,
with even-handed justice on his real worth as a
man.

Every colored man should realize that the
worst enemy of his race is the negro criminal.

Corruption is never so rife as in communities
where the demagogue and the agitator bear full
sway.

It should be our aim steadily to reduce the
number of hours of labor, with as a goal the
general introduction of an eight-hour day.

Let me again urge that the Congress provide
for a thorough investigation of the conditions
of child labor and of the labor of women in the
United States. The horrors incident to the em-
ployment of young children in factories or at
work anywhere are a blot on our civilization.

Compensation for accidents or deaths due in
any line of industry to the actual conditions
under which that industry is carried on, should
be paid by that portion of the community for the
benefit of which the industry is carried on — that
is, by those who profit by the industry.

The e.xercise of a judicial spirit by a disinter-
ested body representing the Federal Government,
such as would be. provided by a commission on
conciliation and arbitration, would tend to create
an atmosphere of friendliness and conciliation
between contending parties.

The coal, like the forests, should be treated
as the property of the public, and its disposal
should be under conditions which would inure
to the benefit of the public as a whole.

In my judgment, it will, in the end, be ad-
visable in connection with the packing house in-
spection law to provide for putting a date on
the label and for charging the cost of inspec-
tion to the packers.

There will ultimately be need of enlarging the
powers of the Interstate Commerce Commission
along several different lines, so as to give it
larger and more efficient control over the rail-
roads.

In some method, whether by a national license
law or in other fashion, we must exercise, aild
tliat at an early date, a far more competent con-
trol than at present over the great corporations.

Our efforts should be not so much to prevent
consolidation as such, but so to supervise and
control it as to see that it results in no harm to
the people.

The best way to avert the very undesirable
move for the Government ownership of railways
is to secure by the Government on behalf of tlie
people, as a whole, such adequate control and
regulation of the great interstate common car-
riers as will do away with the evils which give
rise to the agitation against them.

What we need is not vainly to try to prevent
all combination, but to secure such rigorous and
adequate control and supervision of the combina-
tions as to prevent t.heir injuring the public, or
existing in such form as inevitably to threaten
injury.

It is unfortunate that our present laws should
forbid all combinations, instead of sharply dis-
criminating between those combinations which
do gootl and those combinations which do evil.

There is every reason why, when next our sys-
tem of taxation is revised, the national Govern-
ment should impose a graduated inheritance tax,
and, if possible, a graduated income tax.

THE PANDEX

It should be our prime object as a nation, so
far as feasible, constantly to work toward put-
ting the mechanic, the wage-worker who works
with his hands, on a higher plane of efficiency
and reward, so as to increase his effectiveness
in the economic world.

The only other person whose welfare is as
vital to the welfare of the country as is the wel-
fare of the wage-workers are the tillers of the
soil, the farmers.

In my judgment, the whole question of mar-
riage and divorce should be relegated to the au-
thority of the national Congress.

If it prove impracticable to enact a law for the
encouragement of shipping generally, then at
least provision should be made for better com-
munication with South America, notably for fast
mail lines to the chief South American ports.

The recurrence of each crop season emphasizes
the defects of the present currency laws. There
must soon be a revision of them, because to leave
them as they are means to incur liability of
business disaster.

I most earnestly hope that the bill to provide
a lower tariff for or else absolute free trade in
Philippine products will become a law.

American citizenship should be conferred on all
the citizens of Porto Rico.

Not only must we treat all nations fairly, but
we must treat with justice and good-will all im-
migrants who come here under the law. Whether
they are Catholic or Protestant, Jew or Gentile;
whether they come from England or Germany,
Russia, Japan or Italy, matters nothing. All we
have a right to question is the man's conduct.

The friendship between the United States and
Japan has been continuous since the time, over
half a century ago, when Commodore Perry, by
his expedition to Japan, first opened the island
to Western civilization. Since then the growth
of Japan has been literally astounding. There
is not only nothing to parallel it, but nothing to
approach it in the history of civilized mankind.

To shut the Japanese out from the public schools
is a wicked absurdity. We have as much to leara
from Japan as Japan has to learn from us.

I recommend to Congress that an act be passed
specifically providing for the naturalization of
Japanese who come here intending to become
American citizens.

The United States wishes nothing of Cuba
except that it shall prosper morally and ma-
terially, and wishes nothing of the Cubans save
that they shall be able to preserve order- among
themselves, and, therefore, to preserve their in-
dependence.

If the elections become a farce, and if the in-
surrectionary habit becomes confirmed in the
island, it is absolutely out of the question that
the island should continue independent.

In many parts of South America there has
been much misunderstanding of the attitude and
purpose of the United States toward the other
American republics. An idea has become preva-
lent that our assertion of the Monroe Doctrine
implied, or carried with it, an assumption of su-
periority, and of a right to exercise some kind
of protectorate over the country to whose ter-
ritory that doctrine applies. Nothing could be
farther from the truth.

I have just returned from a trip to Panama
and shall report to you at length later on the
whole subject of the Panama canal.

It must ever be kept in mind that war is not
merely justifiable, but imperative, upon honor-
able men, ujlon an honorable nation, where peace
can only be obtained by the sacrifice of con-
scientious conviction or of national welfare.

We should, as a nation, do everything in our
power for the cause of honorable peace.

The United States navy is the surest guarantor
of peace which the cffimtry possesses.

In both the army and navy there is urgent need
that everything possible should be done to main-
tain the highest standard for the personnel, alike
as regards the officers and enlisted men.

THE PANDEX

-H-H-H!"

-Detroit Journal.

THE PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE

FULL TEXT OF THE ADDRESS OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT TO THE

LAST SESSION OF THE FIFTY-NINTH CONGRESS. WITH

SOME OF THE LEADING CARTOONS.

To the LSeniite unil HoiiMe of Reprenentativen:

AS a nation we still continue to enjoy a literally
unprecedented prosperity, and it is probable
that only reckless speculation and disregard
of legitimate business methods on the part of the
business world can materially mar this prosperity.
No Congress in our time has aone more good
Work of importance than the present Congress.
There were several matters left unfinlslied at your
last session, however, which I most earnestly hope
you will complete before your adjournment.

Again I recommend a law
prohibiting all corporations
< ninpnifcn from contributing to the cam-

ContrtbiitlonH paign expenses of any party.
Such a- bill has already past one
House of Congress, l^et indi-
viduals contribute as they desire, but let us pro-

hibit in effective fashion all corporations from
making contributions for any political purpose,
directly or indirectly.

(rovernnieiil*M

Ki^lit

of AppenI

criminal

Another bill which has just
past one House of the Congress
and which it is urgently neces-
sary should be enacted into law
is that conferring upon the Gov-
ernment the right of appeal in
cases on questions of law. This right
exists in many of the states; it exists in the Dis-
trict of Columbia by act of the Congress. It is, of
course, not proposed that in any case a verdict
for the defendant on the merits should be set
aside. Recently in one district where the Govern-
ment had indicted certain persons for conspiracy
in connection with rebates, the Court sustained the
defendant's demurrer; while in another jurisdic-
tion an indictment for conspiracy to obtain rebates

THE PANDEX

has been sustained by the Court, convictions ob-
tained under it. and two defendants sentenced to
Imprisonment.

Tlie two cases referred to may not be In real
conflict with each other, but it is unfortunate that
there should even be an apparent conflict At
present there Is no way by which the Government
can cause such a conflict, when it occurs to be
solved by an appeal to a hlg-her court, and the
wheels of justice are blocked without any real
decision of the question. I cannot too stronelv
urg-e the passage of the bill in question. A failure
to pass it win result in seriously hampering the
Government in its efforts to obtain justice espe-
cially against wealthy individuals or corporations
who do wrong, and may also prevent the Govern-
ment from obtaining justice for wageworkers who
are not themselves able effectively to contest a
case where the judgment of an Inferior court has
been against them.

One Unsafe
Precedent

I have speclflcally in view a
recent decision by a district
judge leaving railway em-
ployees without remedy for vio-
lation of a certain so-called
labor statute. It seems an
absurdity to permit a single district judge, against
what may be the judgment of the immense major-
ity of his colleagues on the bench, to declare a
law solemnly enacted by the Congress to be "un-
constitutional." and then to deny to the Govern-
ment the right to have the Supreme Court defin-
itely decide the question.

It Is well to recollect that the real efficiency of
the law often depends not upon the passage of
acts as to which there Is great public excitement,
but upon the passage of acts of this nature as to
which there is not much public excitement, because
there is little public understanding of their im-
portance, while the interested parties are keenly
alive to the desirability of defeating them. The
Importance of enacting into law the particular
bill in question is further increased by the fact
that the Government has now definitely begun a
policy of resorting to the criminal law in those
trust and interstate commerce cases where such a
course offers a reasonable chance of success.

At first, as was proper, every effort was made to
enforce these laws by civil proceedings; but It
has become increasingly evident that the action
of the Government in finally deciding, in certain
cases, to undertake criminal proceedings was justi-
fiable; and tho there have been some conspic-
uous failures in these cases, we have had many
successes, which have undoubtedly had a deterrent
effect upon evil-doers, whether the penalty In-
flicted was In the shape of fine or Imprisonment —
and penalties of both kinds have already been In-
flicted by the courts. Of course, where the judge
can see his way to Inflict the penalty of imprison-
ment the deterrent effect of the punishment on
other offenders is increased, but sufficiently heavy
fines accomplish much. Judge Holt, of the New
York District Court, in a recent decision admirably
stated the need for treating with just severity
offenders of this kind. His opinion runs In part
as follcws;

Punishment

for a

Rebater

"The Gov.;rnment's evidence
to establish the defendant's
guilt was clear, conclusive, and
undisputed. The case was a
flagrant one. The transactions
which took place under this
illegal contract were very large; the amounts of
rebates returned were considerable; and the
amount of the rebate itself was large, amounting
to more than one-fifth of the entire tariff charge
for the transportation of merchandise from this
city to Detroit. It Is not too much to say. In my
opinion, that If this business was carried on for a
considerable time on that basis — that Is. if this dis-
crimination in favor of this particular shipper was
made with an 18 Instead of a 23-cent rate and the
t*rlff rate was maintained as against their com-
petitors— the result might be and not improbably
would be that their competitors would be driven
out of business.

"This crime is one which in its nature is delib-
erate and premeditated. I think over a fortnight
elapsed between the date of Palmer's letter re-
questing the reduced rate and the answer of the
railway company deciding to grant it. and then
for months afterwards this business was carried

on and these claims for rebates submitted month
after month and checks in payment of them drawn
month after month. Such a violation of the law,
in my opinion, in its essential nature, is a very
much more heinous act than the ordinary common,
vulgar crimes which come before criminal courts
constantly for punishment and which arise from
sudden pa.sslon or temptation. This crime in this
case was committed by men of education and of
large business experience, whose standing in the
community was such that they might have been
expected to set an example of obedience to law,
upon the maintenance of which alone in this coun-
try the security of their property depends.

"It was committed on behalf of a great railroad
corporation, which, like other railroad corpora-
tions, has received gratuitously from the state
large and valuable privileges for the public's con-
venience and its own. which performs quasi-public
functions, and which is charged with the highest
obligation in the transaction of its business to
treat the citizens of this country alike, and not
to carry on Its business with unjust discrimina-
tions between different citizens or different classes
of citizens. This crime In its nature Is one usually
done with secrecy and proof of which it Is very
difficult to obtain. The Interstate Commerce Act
was past In 1887. nearly twenty years ago. Ever
since that time complaints of the granting of re-
bates by railroads have been common, urgent, and
insistent. and altho the Congress has repeat-
edly past legislation endeavoring to put a stop
to this evil, the difficulty of obtaining proof upon
which to bring prosecution in these cases is so
great that this is the first case that has ever
been brought In this Court, and, as I am informed,
this case and one recently brought in Philadel-
phia are the only cases that have ever been
brought in the eastern part of this country. In
fact, but few cases of this kind have ever been
brought In this country. East or' West. Now. under
these circumstances, I am forced to the conclu-
sion. In a case In which the proof is so clear and
the facts are so flagrant. It is the duty of the
Court to flx a penalty which shall In some degree
be commensurate with the gravity of the offense.
As between the two defendants, in my opinion, the
principal penalty should be imposed on the cor-
poration. The traffic manager in this case pre-
sumably acted without any advantage to himself
and without any Interest in the transaction, eifher
by the direct authority or In accordance with what
he understood to be the policy or the wishes of
his employer.

"The sentence of this Court in this case is that
the defendant. Pomeroy, for each of the six offenses
upon which he has been convicted, be fined the

He Wm Be a Good Boy.

— St. Louis Globe-Demoerat.

THE PANDEX

sum of $1000, making six fines, amounting in all
to the sum of $6000; and the defendant, the New
York Central & Hudson River Railroad Company,
for each of the six crimes of which it has been
convicted, be fined the sum of $18,000, making six
fines, amounting in the aggregate to the sum of
$108,000, and Judgment to that effect will be en-
tered in this case."

In connection with this mat-
SettlnK ter, I would like to call atten-

Aolde tion to the very unsatisfactory

state of our criminal law, re-
of Judgments suiting in large part from the
habit of setting aside the Judg-
ments of inferior courts on technicalities abso-
lutely unconnected with the merits of the case,
and where there is no attempt to sho'w that there
has been any failure of substantial Justice. It
would be well to enact a law providing something
to the effect that:

No Judgment shall be set aside or new trial
granted in any cause, civil or criminal, on the
ground of misdirection of the jury or the improper
admission or rejection of evidence, or for error as
to any matter of pleading or procedure unless, in
the opinion of the Court to which the application
is made, after an examination o*f the entire cause,
it shall affirmatively appear that the error com-
plained of has resulted in a miscarriage of Justice.

In my last message I sug-
Injnnctlons gested the enactment of a law

Are '" connection with the issuance

.j^ of injunctions, attention having

necessary . been sharply drawn to the mat-
ter by the demand that the
right of applying ijijunctlons in labor cases should
be wholly abolished. It is at least doubtful
whether a law abolishing altogether the use of
injunctions in such cases would stand the test
of the courts, in which case, of course, the legis-
lation would be ineffective. Moreover, I believe
it would be wrong altogether to prohibit the use
of injunctions. It is criminal to permit sympathy
for criminals to weaken our hands in upholding
the law; and if men seek to destroy life or property
by mob violence there should be no Impairment
of the power of the courts to deal with them in
the most summary and effective way possible. But
so far as possible the abuse of the power should
be provided against by some such law as I advo-
cated last year.

In this matter of injunctions there is lodged in
the hands of the judiciary a necessary power,
which is, nevertheless, subject to the possitjility
of grave abuse. It is a power that should be exer-
cised with extreme care and should be subject to
the jealous scrutiny of all men, and condemnation
should be meted out as much to the Judge who
fails to use it boldly when necessary as to the
Judge who uses it wantonly or oppressively. Of
course a judge strong enough to be fit for his
office will enjoin any resort to violence or intimi-
dation, especially by conspiracy, no matter what
his opinion may be of the rights of the original
quarrel.

There must be no hesitation

Dlxorder in dealing with disorder. But

Requires Prompt 'here must likewise he no such

abuse of the Injunctive power
Action as is implied in forbidding

laboring men to strive for their
own betterment in peaceful and lawful ways; nor
must the injunction be used merely to aid some big
corporation in carrying out schemes for its own
aggrandizement. It must be remembered that a
preliminary injunction in a labor case, if granted
■without adequate proof (even when authority can
be found to support the conclusions of law on
which it is founded), may often settle the dispute
between the parties, and, therefore, if Improperly
granted, may' do irreparable wrong.

Yet there are many Judges who assume a matter-
of-course granting of a preliminary injunction to
be the ordinary and proper Judicial disposition of
such cases; and there have undoubtedly been
flagrant wrongs committed by judges in connec-
tion with labor disputes even within the last few
years, altho I think much less often than in
former years. Such judges by their unwise action
immensely strengthen the hands of tho.'ie "who are

striving entirely to do away with the power of
injunction; and therefore such careless use of the
injunctive process tends to threaten its very exist-
ence, for If the American people ever become con-
vinced that this process is habitually abused,
whether in matters affecting labor or in matters
affecting corporations, it will be well nigh im-
possible to prevent its abolition.

It may be the highest duty
The Judiciarj' of a judge at any given moment
and to disregard, not merely the

«i.» i>..Kii„ wishes of individuals of great

iiie • none political or financial power,

but the overwhelming tide of
public sentiment, and the judge who does thus dis-
regard public sentiment when it is wrong, who
brushes aside the plea of any special interest
when the pleading is not founded on righteous-
ness, performs the highest service to the country.
Such a Judge is deserving of all honor; and all
honor can not be paid to this wise and fearless
judge if we permit the growth of an absurd con-
vention which would forbid any criticism of the
Judge of another type who shows himself timid
in the presence of arrogant disorder, or who, on
insulficient grounds, grants an injunction that does
grave injustice, or who, in his capacity as a con-
struer, and therefore in part a maker of the law,
in flagrant fashion thwarts the cause of decent
government. The Judge has a power over which
no review can be exercised; he himself sits in
review upon the acts of both the executive and
legislative branches of the goernment; save in the
most extraordinary cases he is amenable only at
the bar of public opinion; and it is unwise to main-
tain that public opinion in reference to a man
with such power shall neither be exprest nor led.

The best judges have ever
Crltiolsm been foremost to disclaim any

I'ltefnl t« the immunity from criticism. This
„. ,„. has been true since the days of

nencn jj,g great English Lord Chan-

cellor Parker, who said: "Let
all people be at liberty to know what I found my
Judgment upon, that, so when I have given it in
any cause, others may be at liberty to judge of
me." The proprieties of the case were set forth
with singular clearness and good temper by Judge
W. H. Taft, when a United States circuit Judge
eleven years ago, in 1895:

"The opportunity freely and publicly to criticize
Judicial action is of vastly more importance to the
body politic than the, immunity of courts and
judges from unjust aspersions and attack. Noth-
ing tends more to render judges careful in their
decisions and anxiously solicitous to do exact jus-
tice than the consciousness that every act of theirs
is to be subjected to the intelligent scrutiny and
candid criticism of their fellow men. Such criti-
cism is beneficial in proportion as it is fair, dis-
passionate, discriminating, and based on a knowl-
edge of sound legal principles. The comments
made by learned text writers and by the acute
editors of the various law reviews upon judicial
decisions are therefore highly useful. Such critics
constitute more or less impartial tribunals of pro-
fessional opinion before wliich each judgment is
made to stand or fall on its merits, and thus exert
a strong influence to secure uniformity of decision.
But non-professional criticism also is by no means
without its uses, even if accompanied, as it often
is, by a direct attack upon tlie judicial fairness
and motives of the occupants of the bench; for if
the law is but tiie essence of common sense, the
protest of many average men may evidence a
defect in a Judicial conclusion, tho based on
the nicest legal reasoning and profoundest learn-
ing.

"The two important elements of moral character
in a Judge are an earnest desire to reach a just
conclusion and courage to enforce it. In so far
as fear of public comment does not alfect the
courage of a judge, but only spurs him on to
search his conscience and to reach the result "which
approves Itself to his inmost heart, such comment
serves a useful purpose. There are few men,
whether they are judges for life or for a shorter
term, who do not prefer to earn and hold the
respect of all. and who can not be reached and
made to pause and deliberate by hostile public
criticism. In the case of Judges having a life
tenure, indeed, their very independence makes the
right freely to comment on their decisions of
greater importance, because it is the only practical

THE • PANDEX

AN EARLY SCENE IN THE HOUSE.

— St. Louis Republic.

THE P A N-D E X

and available instrument in the hands of a tree
people to keep such judges alive to the reasonable
demands of those they serve.

"On the other hand, the danger of destroying the
proper influence of judicial decisions by creating
unfounded prejudices against the courts justifies
and requires that unjust attacks shall be met and
answered. Courts must ultimately rest their de-
fense upon the inherent strength of the opinions
they deliver as the ground for their conclusions
and must trust to the calm and deliberate judg-
ment of all the people as their best vindication."

There is one consideration which should be taken
Into account by the good people who carry a sound
proposition to an excess in objecting to any criti-
cism of a judge's decision. The instinct of the
American people as a whole is sound in this matter.
They will not subscribe to the doctrine that any
public servant is to be above all criticism. If the
best citizens, those most competent to express their
judgments in such matters, and above all those
belonging to the great and honorable profession
of the bar. so profoundly influential in American
Vfe. take the position that there shall be no criti-
cism of a judge under any circumstances, their
view will not be accepted by the American people
as a whole.

In such event the people will turn to and tend
to accept as justifiable the intemperate and im-
proper criticism uttered by unworthy agitators.
Surely it is a misfortune to leave to such critics
a function, right in itself, which they are certain
to abuse. Just and temperate criticism, when
ne.cessary, is a safeguard against the acceptance
by the people as a whole of that Intemperate
antagonism towards the judiciary which must be
combated by every right-thinking man. and which,
if It became widespread among the people at large,
would constitute a dire menace to the republic.

In connection with the delays

, of the law. I call your attention

Kexirnint ^^^ jj^^ attention of the nation

"' to the prevalence of crime

l^yncDiDK among us. and above all to the

epidemic of lynching and mob
violence that springs up, now In one part of our
country, now in another. Each section — North,
South, East, or West — has Its own faults; no section
can with wisdom spend its time jeering at the
faults of another section; it should be busy trying
to amend its own shortcomings. To deal with the
crime of corruption it Is necessary to have an
awakened public conscience, and to supplement
this by whatever legislation will add speed and
certainty in the execution of the law.

When we deal with lynching even more is neces-
sary. A great many white men are lynched, but
the crime is peculiarly frequent In respect to
black men. The greatest existing cause of lynch-
ing is the perpetration, especially by black men.
of a hideous crime — the most abominable in all
the category of crimes, even worse than murder.
Mobs frequently avenge the commission of this
crime by themselves torturing to death the man
committing it, thus avenging in a bestial fashion
a bestial deed, and reducing themselves to a level
with the criminal.

Lawlessness grows by what it feeds upon; and
when mobs begin to lynch for one crime they
speedily extend the sphere of their operations and
lynch for many other kinds of crimes, so that
two-thirds of the lynchings are not for the un-
namable crime at all, while a considerable propor-
tion of the individuals lynched are Innocent of all
crime. Governor Candler of Georgia stated on one
occasion some years ago: "I can say of a verity
that I have, within the last month, saved the lives
of half a dozen innocent negroes who were pur-
sued by the mob and brought them to trial in a
court of law in which they were acquitted." As
Bishop Galloway of Mississippi has finely said:
"When the rule of a mob obtains, that which dis-
tinguishes a high civilization is surrendered. The
. mob which lynches a negro will in a little while
lynch a white man suspected of crime. Every
Christian patriot in America needs to lift up his
voice In loud and eternal protest against the mob
spirit that Is threatening the integrity of this
republic."

Governor Jelks of'Alabama has recently spoken
as follows: "The lynching of any person for what-
ever crime is inexcusable anywhere — it is a defi-
ance of orderly government; but the killing of
innocent people under any provocation is infinitely
more horrible; and yet Innocent people arc likely
to die when a mob's terrible lust is once aroused.

The lesson is this; No good citizen can afford to
countenance a defiance of the statutes, no matter
what the provocation. The innocent frequently
suffer, and, it is my observation, more usually suffer
than the guilty. The white people of the South
Indict the whole colored race on the ground that
even the better elements lend no assistance what-
ever in ferreting out criminals of their own color.
The respectable colored people must learn not to
harbor their criminals, but to assist the officers
in bringing them to justice. This is the larger
crime, and It provokes such atrocious offenses as
the one at Atlanta. The two races can never get
on until there is an understanding on the part of
both to make common cause with the law-abiding
against criminals of any color."

Moreover, where any crime
committed by a member of one
Real iHHue race against a member of an-

iu Ijynchlng: other race is avenged in such
fashion that it seems as if not
the Individual criminal, but the
whole race, is attacked, the result is to exasperate
to the highest degree race feeling. There is but
one safe rule in dealing Tvith black men as with
white men; It Is the same rule that must be ap-
plied in dealing with rich men .vnd poor men; that
is; to treat each man, whatever his color, his creed,
or his social position, with even-handed justice
on his real -worth as a man.

White people owe It quite as much to themselves
as to the colored race to treat well the colored
man who shows by his life that he deserves such
treatment: for It is surely the highest wisdom to
encourage in the colored race all those individuals
who are honest, industrious, law-abiding, and who
therefore make good and safe neighbors and citi-
zens. Reward or punish the individual on his
merits as an Individual. Evil will surely come in
the end to both races if we substitute for this
just rule the habit of treating all the members of
the race, good and bad, alike. There is no ques-
tion of "social ecjuality" or "negro domination"
Involved; only the question of relentlessly punish-
ing bad men. and of securing to the good man the
right to his life, his liberty, and the pursuit of his
happiness as his own qualities of heart, head, and
hand enable him to achieve it.

Every colored man should realize that the worst
enemy of his race is the negro criminal, and above
all the negro criminal who commits the dreadful
crime; and it should be felt as In the highest de-
gree an offense against the whole country, and
against the colored race in particular, for a col-
ored man to fall to help the officers of the law
in hunting down with all possible earnestness and
zeal every such infamous offender. Moreover, in
my judgment, the crime of attack on a woman
should always be punished with death, as in the
case with murder; assault should be made a capi-
tal crime, at least in the discretion of the court,
and provision should be made by which the pun-
ishment may follow immediately upon the heels
of the offense; while the trial should be so con-
ducted that the victim need not be wantonly
shamed while giving testimony, and that the least
possible publicity shall be given to the details.

The members of the white race
on the other hand should under-
MeanM stand that every lynching rep-

Mornl resents by just so much a loos-

Deterlorntion ening of the bands of civilization;
that the spirit of lynching Inev-
itably throws into prominence In the community
all the foul and evil creatures who dwell therein.
No man can take part in the torture of a human
being without having his own moral nature per-
manently lowered. Every lynching means just so
much moral deterioration In all the children who
have any knowledge of It. and therefore just so
much additional trouble for the next generation of
Americans.

Let justice be both sure and swift, but let it be
justice under the law, and not the wild and
crooked savagery of a mob.

There Is another matter which has a direct
bearing upon this matter of lynching and of the
brutal crime which sometimes calls It forth and at
other times merely furnishes the excuse for its
existence. It is oul of the question for our people
as a whole permanently to rise by treading down
any of their own number. Even those who. them-
selves for the moment profit by such maltreatment
of their fellows will In the long run also suffer.
No more shortsighted policy can be imagined than.

THE PANDEX

in the fancied Interest of one class, to prevent the
education of another class. The free public school
the chance for each boy or girl to get a good ele-
mentary education, lies at the foundation of our
whole political situation.

In every community the poorest citizens, those
who need the schools most, would be deprived of
them If they only received school facilities propor-
tioned to the taxes they paid. This Is as true of
one portion of our country as of another. It is as
true for the negro as for the white man The
white man, if he Is wise, will decline to allow the
negroes In a mass to grow to manhood and wom-

become criminals, while what little criminality
there is never takes the form of that brutal vio-
lence which Invites lynch law. Every graduate
of these schools — and for the matter of that every
other colored man or woman — who leads a life
so useful and honorable as to win the good will
and respect of those whites whose neighbor he or
she Is, thereby helps the whole colored race as it
can be helped In no other way; for next to the
negro himself, the man who can do most to help
the negro Is his white neighbor who lives near
him; and our steady effort should be to better the
relations between the two. Great tho the ben-

WORRIED!

-St. Louis Republic.

anhood without education. Unquestionably, edu-
cation such as Is obtained in our public schools
does not do everything towards making a man a
good citizen; but it does much. T|ie lowest and
most brutal criminals, those for instance who com-
mlfthe crime of assault, are in the great majority
m*5Tr ■^hb have had either no education or very lit-
tle; Just as they are almost Invariably men who
(rWn no property; for the man who puts money by
out of his earnings, like the man who acquires edu-
cation, is usually lifted above mere brutal crimi-
nality.

Of course, the best type of education for the
colored man, taken as a whole. Is such education
as Is conferred In schools like Hampton and Tus-
kegee; wliere the boys and girls, the young men
and young women, are trained Industrially as well
as in the ordinary public school branches. The
graduates of these schools turn out well In the
great majority of cases, and hardly any of them

eflt of these schools has been to their colored pupils
and to the colored people. It may be questioned
whether the benefit has not been at least as great
to the wirite people among whom these colored
pupils live after they graduate.'

Be It remembered, furthermore, that the indi-
viduals who, whether from folly, from evil tem-
per, from greed for office, or in a spirit of mere
base demagogy. Indulge in the Inflammatory and
incendiary speeches and writings which tend to
arouse mobs and to bring about lynching, not only
thus excite the mob. but also tend by what crim-
inologists call "suggestion," greatly to Increase the
likelihood of a repetition of the very crime against
which they are inveighing.

When the mob Is composed of the people of one
race and the man lynched is of another race the
men who In their speeches and writings either ex-
cite or justify the action tend, of course, to excite
a bitter race feeling and to cause the people of the

THE PANDEX

Influiiiing:
Class Hatred

opposite race to lose sigrht of the abominable act
of the criminal himself; and in addition, by the
prominence they give to the hideous deed they un-
doubtedly tend to excite in other brutal and de-
praved natures thoughts of committing it. Swift,
relentless and orderly punishment under the law Is
the only way by which criminality of this type can
permanently be supprest.

In dealing with both labor and
capital, with the questions
affecting both corporations and
trades unions, there is one mat-
ter more important to remember
than aught else, and that is the
infinite harm done by preachers of mere discontent.
These are the men who seek to excite a violent
class hatred against all men of wealth. They seek
to turn wise and proper movements for the better
control of corporations and for doing away with
the abuses connected with wealth, into a campaign
of hysterical excitement and falsehood in which
the aim is to inflame to madness the brutal pas-
sions of mankind.

The sinister demagogs and foolish visionaries
who are always eager to undertake such a cam-
paign of destruction sometimes seek to associate
themselves with those working for a genuine re-
form in governmental and social methods, and
sometimes masquerade as such reformers. In
reality they are the worst enemies of the cause
they profess to advocate, just as the purveyors of
sensational slander in newspaper or mag.azine are
the worst enemies of all men who are engaged in
an honest effort to better what is bad In our social
and governmental conditions.

To preach hatred of the rich man as such, to
carry on a campaign of slander and invective
against him, to seek to mislead and inflame to
madness honest men whose lives are hard and
who have not the kind of mental training which
will permit them to appreciate the danger In the
doctrines preach<;d — all this is to commit a crime
against the body politic and to be false to every
worthy principle and tradition of American na-
tional life. Moreover, while such preaching and
such agitation may give a livelihood and a cer-
tain notoriety to some of those who take part In
it, and may result in the temporary political suc-
cess of others, in the long run every such move-
ment will either fall or else will provoke a violent
reaction, which will itself result not merely in
undoing the mischief wrought by the demagog
and the agitator, but also in undoing the good
that the honest reformer, the true upholder of
popular rights, has painfully and laboriously
achieved.

Corruption is never so rife as In communities
where the demagog and the agitator bear full
sway, because in such communities all moral bands
become loosened, and hysteria and sensationalism
replace the spirit of sound judgment and fair deal-
ing as between man and man. In sheer revolt
against the squalid anarchy thus produced men are
sure in the end to turn toward any leader who can
restore order and then their relief at being free
from the intolerable burdens of class hatred, vio-
lence and demagogy is such that they cannot for
some time be aroused to indignation against mis-
deeds by men of wealth; so that they permit a new
growth of the very abuses which were In part re-
sponsible for the original outbreak.

The one hope for success for our people lies In
a resolute and fearless, but sane and cool-headed,
advance along the path marked out last year by
this very Congress. There must be a stern refusal
to be misled Into following either that base crea-
ture who appeals and panders to the lowest in-
stincts and passions In order to arouse one set of
Americans against their fellows, or that other
creature, equally base but no baser, who in a
spirit of greed, or to accumulate or add to an al-
ready huge fortune, seeks to exploit his fellow
Americans with callous disregard to their welfare
of soul and body. The man who debauches others
in order to obtain a high office stands on an evil
equality of corruption with the man who debauches
others for financial profit; and when hatred is sown
the crop which springs up can only be evil.

The plain people who think — the

Dimmer mechanics, farmers, merchants,

j„ workers with head or hand, the

men to "whom American tradi-

AKitntors tlons are dear, who love their

country and try to act decently

by their neighbors — owe It to themselves to remem-

ber that the most damaging blow that can be given
popular government Is to elect an unworthy and sin-
ister agitator on a platform of violence and hypoc-
risy. Whenever such an issue Is raised in this coun-
try nothing can be gained by flinching from it, for
in such case democracy is Itself on trial, popular
self-government under republican forms Is itself on
trial. The triumph of the mob is just as evil a
thing as the triumph of the plutocracy, and to
have escaped one danger avails nothing whatever if
we succumb to the other.

In the end the honest man, whether rich or poor,
who earns his own living and tries to deal justly
by his fellows, has as much to fear from the in-
sincere and unwortliy demagog, promising much
and performing nothing, or else performing noth-
ing but evil, who would set on the mob to plunder
the rich, as from the crafty corruptionlst, who,
for his own ends, would permit the common people
to be exploited by the very wealthy. If we ever
let this government fall into the hands of men
of eitlier of these two classes, we shall show our-
selves false to America's past. Moreover, the dem-
agog and the corruptionlst often work hand in
hand. There are at this moment wealthy reaction-
aries of such obtuse morality that they regard the
public servant who prosecutes them when they
violate the la^v, or who seeks to make them bear
their proper share of the public burdens, as being
even more objectionable than the violent agitator
^vho hounds on the mob to plunder the rich. There
is nothing to choose between such a reactionary
and such an agitator; fundamentally they are alike
in their selfish disregard of the rights of others;
and it is natural that they should join in opposi-
tion to any movement of which the aim is fearlessly
to do exact and even justice to all.

I call your attention to the need '
Rnilroad Employ- of passing the bill limiting the \
ees' Hours and number of hours- of employment
vt iti n 1 °^ railroad employees. The

I<<lgtit-ilour L.aw measure is a very moderate one .
and I can conceive of no serious
objection to It. Indeed, so far as it is In our power.
It should be our aim steadily to reduce the number
of hours of labor, with as a goal the general in-
troduction of an eight-hour day. There are Indus-
tries In which it is not possible that the hours of
labor should be reduced; just as there are commun-
ities not far enough advanced for such a movement
to be for their good, or, if in the tropics, so sit-
uated that there is no analogy between their needs
and ours in this matter.

On the Isthmus of Panama, for instance, the con-
ditions are in every way so different from what
they are here that an eight-hour day would be
absurd; just as it is absurd, so far as the istlTmus is
concerned, where white labor cannot be employed,
to bother as to whether the necessary work is done
by alien black men or by alien yellow men. But
the wageworkers of the United States are of so
high a grade that alike from the merely industrial
standpoint and from the civic standpoint It should
be our object to do what "we can In the direction
of securing the general observance of an eight-"
hour day. Until recently the eight-hour law on
our federal statute books has been very scantily
observed. Now, however, largely thru the in-
strumentality of the Bureau of Labor, It Is being
rigidly enforced, and I shall speedily be able to say
whether or not there is need of further legislation
in reference thereto; for our purpose Is to see it
obeyed in spirit no less than In letter. Half holi-
days during the summer should be established for
government employees; it is as desirable for wage-
■workers who toil with their hands as for salaried
officials whose labor is mental that there should be
a reasonable amount of holiday.

The Congress at its last session
Labor of Woinen wisely provided for a truant
„„j court for the District of Co-

lumbia; a marked step in ad-
Children vance on the path of properly

caring for the children. Let me
again urge that the Congress provide for a thoro
investigation of the conditions of child labor
and of the labor of women in the United States.
More and more our people are growing to recog-
nize the fact that the questions which are not
merely of industrial but of social importance out-
weigh all others; and these two questions most
emphatically come in the category of those which
affect in the most far-reaching way the home life
of the nation.

The horrors incident to the employment of young

THE PANDEX

children In factories or at work anywhere are a
blot on our civilization. It is true that each state
must ultimately settle tb« Question in its own way;
but a thoro offlctal Investigation of the matter,
with the results published broadcast, would greatly
help toward arousing the public conscience and
securing unity of state action in the matter. There
Is, however, one law on the subject which should
be enacted immediately, because there Is no need
for an investigation In reference thereto, and the
failure to enact it Is discreditable to the national
government. A drastic and thorogoing child-labor
law should be enacted for the District of Columbia
and the territories.

evitable sacrifice of life may be reduced to a mini-
mum, but it cannot be completely eliminated. It
is a great social injustice to compel the employee,
or rather the family of the killed or disabled vic-
tim, to bear the entire burden of such an inevitable
sacrifice.

In other words, society shirks its duty by lay-
ing the whole cost on the victim, whereas the In-
jury comes from what may be called the legiti-
mate risks of the trade. Compensation for acci-
dents or deaths due in any line of Industry to the
actual conditions under which that Industry is
carried on, should be paid by that portion of the
community for the benefit of which the industry

PUZZLE:
Find the Man Who Doesn't Want the Tariff Revised.

E^mployerM*
Liability

Among the excellent laws which
the Congress passed at the last
session was an employers'
liability law. It was a marked
step in advance to get the
recognition of employers' lia-
bility on the statute books, but the law did not go
far enough. In spite of all precautions exercised
by employers there are unavoidable accidents and
even deaths Involved In nearly every line of busi-
ness connected with the mechanic arts. This In-

— Chicago Tribune.

Is carried on — that Is, by those who profit by the
Industry.

If the entire trade risk is placed upon the em-
ployer he win promptly and properly add It to the
legitimate cost of production and assess it pro-
portionately upon the consumers of his commodity.
It is therefore clear to my mind that the law
should place this entire "risk of a trade" upon the
employer. Neither the federal law, nor, as far
as I am Informed, the State laws dealing with the
question of employers' liability, are sufllciently
thorogoing. The federal law stiould, of course,
include employees in navy yards, arsenals and the
like.

100

THE PANDEX

The commission appointed by
Inveatlg;atloii of the President October 16, 1902,
Dispute* BetTreen at the request of both the an-
thracite coal operators and

Capital und Labor

miners to inquire into, consider

and pass upon the questions in
controversy in connection with the strike in the
anthracite regions of Pennsylvania and the causes
out of which the controversy arose, in their re-
port, findings and award, exprest the belief "that
the State and Federal governments should provide
the machinery for what may be called the compul-
sory Investigation of controversies between em-
ployers and employees when they arise." This
expression of belief is deserving of the favorable
consideration of the Congress and the enactment
of its provisions Into law. A bill has already been
introduced to this end.

Records show that during the twenty years from
January 1, 1881, to December 31, 1900, there were
strikes affecting 117,509 establishments, and 6,105,-
694 employees were thrown out of employment.
During the same period there were 1,005 lockouts,
involving nearly 10,000 establishments, throwing
over one million people out of employment. Those
strikes and lockouts involved an estimated loss to
employees of 307 million dollars, and to employers
143 million dollars, a total of 450 million dollars.
The public suffered directly and indirectly, prob-
ably as great additional loss. But the money loss,
great as it was, did not measure the anguish and
suffering endured by the wives and children of em-
ployees whose pay stopt when their work
stopt, or the disastrous effect of the strike or
lockout upon the business of employers, or the in-
crease in the cost of products and the inconven-
ience and loss to the public.

Many of these strikes and lockouts would not
have occurred had the parties to the dispute been
required to appear before an unprejudiced body rep-
resenting the nation and, face to face, state the rea-
sons for their contention. In most instances the
dispute ■would doubtless be found to be due to a
misunderstanding by each of the other's rights,
aggravated by an unwillingness of either party to
accept as true the statements of the other as to the
justice or Injustice of the matters In dispute.

The exercise of a judicial spirit by a disinterested
body representing the federal government, such as
would be provided by a commission on conciliation
and arbitration would tend to create an atmosphere
of friendliness and conciliation between contending
parties; and the giving each side an equal oppor-
tunity to present fully its case in the presence of
the other would prevent many disputes from devel-
oping Into serious strikes or lockouts, and, in other
cases, would enable the commission to persuade
the opposing parties to come to terms.

In this age of great corporate and labor combi-
nations, neither employers nor employees should
be left completely at the mercy of the stronger
party to a dispute, regardless of the righteousness
of their respective claims. The proposed measure
would be in the line of securing recognition of the
fact that in many strikes the public has itself an
interest which can not wisely be disregarded; an
interest not merely of general convenience, for the
I question of a just and proper public policy must
' also be considered. In all legislation of this kind it
Is well to advance cautiously, testing each step by
the actual results; the step proposed can surely be
safely taken, for the decisions of the commission
would not bind the parties in legal fashion and yet
would give a chance for public opinion to crystallze
and thus to exert Its full force for the right.

It is not wise that the nation
^Vlthdranal should alienate Its remaining
f coal lands. I have temporarily

withdrawn from settlement all
Coal Lands tj,g lands which the geological

survey has Indicated as contain-
ing or in all probability containing, coal. The
question, however, can be properly settled only
|by legislation, which In my judgment should pro-
U vide for the withdrawal of these lands from sale
lor from entry, save In certain especial circum-
I stances. The ownership would then remain In
the United States, which should not, however, at-
tempt to work them, but permit them to be worked
by private individuals under a hoyalty system, the
government keeping such control as to permit
it to see that no excessive price was charged con-
sumers.

It would, of course, be as necessary to super-
vise the rates charged by the common carriers
to transport the product as the rates charged by
those who mine it; and the supervision must ex-

tend to the conduct of the common carriers, so
that they shall in no way favor one competitor
at the expense of another. The withdrawal of
these coal lands would constitute a policy anal-
ogous to that which has been followed in with-
drawing the forest lands from ordinary settle-
ment. The coal, like the forests, should be treated
as the property of the public and its disposal
should be under conditions which would inure
the benefit of the public as a whole.

■X

Corporations

In Interstate

Business

atlons of any
state business,
rate bill, and
passage of the

The present Congress has take
long strides in the direction of
securing proper supervision and
control by the national govern-
ment over corporations engaged
in interstate business — and the
enormous majority of corpor-
size are engaged in inter-
The passage of the railway
only to a less degree the
pure food bill, and the provision
for increasing and rendering more effective na-
tional control over the beef-packing industry.
mark an important advance in the proper direc-
tion. In the short session it will perhaps be dirfl-
cult to do much further along this line; and it
may be best to wait until the laws have been In
operation for a number of months before endeav-
oring to increase their scope, because only opera-
tion will show with exactness their merits and
their shortcomings and thus give opportunity to
define what further remedial legislation is needed.
Yet in my judgment it will in the end be advis-
able in connection with the packing house Inspec-
tion law to provide for putting a date on the label
and for charging the cost of inspection to the
packers.

All these laws have already justified their en-
actment. The interstate commerce law, for in-
stance, has rather amusingly falsified the predic-
tions, both of those who asserted that it would
ruin the railroads and of those who asserted that
it did not go far enough and would accomplish
nothing. During the last five months the railroads
have shown increased earnings and some of them
unusual dividends; while during the same period
the mere taking effect of the law has produced an
unprecedented, a hitherto unheard of, number of
voluntary reductions in freights and fares by
the railroads. Since the founding of the commis-
sion there has never been a time of equal length
in which anything like so many reduced tariffs
have been put into effect. On August 27, for in-
stance, two days before the new law went into
effect, the commission received notices of over five
thousand separate tariffs which represented re-
ductions from previous rates.

It must not be silpposed, however, that with the
passage of these laws it will be possible to stop
progress along the line of increasing the power
of the national government over the use of capital
in interstate commerce. For example, there will
ultimately be need of enlarging the powers of the
interstate commerce commission along several dif-
ferent lines, so as to give it a larger and more
efficient control over the railroads.

It cannot be too often repeated that experience
has conclusively shown the Impossibility of se-
curing by the actions of nearly half a hundred
different state legislatures anything but Ineffective
chaos in the way of dealing within the limits of
any one state. In some method, whether by a
national license law or In other fashion, we must
exercise, and that at an early date, a far more
complete control than at present over these great
corporations — a control that will among other
things prevent the evils of excessive overcapital-
ization, and that will compel the disclosure by
each big corporation of its stockholders and of
its properties and business, whether owned di-
rectly or thru subsidiary affiliated corporations.
This "will tend to put a stop to the securing of in-
ordinate profits by favored individuals at the
expense whether of the general public, the stock-
holders or the wageworkers. Our effort should
be not so much to prevent consolidation as such,
but so to supervise and control It as to see to it
that it results in no harm to the people.

n )

The reactionary or ultracon-
servative apologists for the mis-
use of wealth assail the effort
to secure such control as a step
toward Socialism. As a mat-
ter of fact. It is these reaction-
aries and ultraconservatives who are themselves

Not Soclullsm
Nor a Step
Toward It

THE PANDEX

101

OWINC) TO THE NEW RESTRICTIONS

WE CANNOT COLLECT CftMPAlCN
FUNDS mow COHP0JJATI0N6.

CONTRIBUTIONS OF *!.•• WIU,
BE OlADUY ACCEPTED FROM
INDIVIDUALS.

TLEASE HELP.

-WXCAMRMCNCdHHnTEES.

v«*^^

TAl'T'H iJllDtR-

THE DOLLAR CONTRIBUTION PLAN.
Must Have Been a Great Success, Judging by New York's $3,000,000 Election.

— Chicago Record-Herald.

102

THE P A N D E X

most potent in increasing Socialistic feeling. One
of the most efficient methods of averting the con-
sequences of a dangerous agitation, which Is 80
per cent wrong, is to remedy the 20 per cent
of evil as to which the agitation is well founded.
The best way to avert the very undesirable move
for the governmental ownership of railways Is to
secure by the government on behalf of the people
as a whole such adequate control and regulation of
the great Interstate common carriers as will do
away with the evils which give rise to the agitation
against them. So the proper antidote to the dan-
gerous and wicked agitation against the men of
wealth as such is to secure by proper legislation
and executive action the abolition of the grave
abuses which actually do obtain In connection with
the business use of wealth under our present sys-
' tem — or rather no system of failure to exercise
any adequate control at all.

Some persons speak as If the exercise of such
governmental control would do away with the
freedom of individual Initiative and dwarf Indi-
vidual effort. This is not a fact. It would be a
veritable calamity to fail to put a premium upon
individual Initiative. individual capacity and
effort; upon the energy, character and foresight
which It Is so Important to encourage In the indi-
vidual. But as a matter of fact the deadening and
degrading effect of pure Socialism, and especially
of Its extreme form, communism, and the destruc-
tion of Individual character which they would
I bring about, are in part achieved by the wholly
f unregulated competition which results In a single
I Individual or corporation rising at the expense

I of all others until his or its rise effectually checks

II all competition and reduces former competitors
' to a position of utter Inferiority and subordination.

In enacting and enforcing such
The legislation as this Congress al-

Middle Ground ready has to Its credit, we are
„ _ ' working on a coherent plan,

Me saya with the steady endeavor to

secure the needed reform by the
joint action of the moderate men, the plain men
who do not wish anything hysterical or dangerous,
but who do Intend to deal in resolute common-
sense fashion with the real and great
evils of the present system. The reactiona-
ries and the violent extremists show symptoms
of joining hands against us. Both assert, for
Instance, that if logical, we should go to gov-
ernment ownership of railroads and the like; the
reactionaries, because on such an issue they think
the people would stand with them, while the ex-
tremists care rather to preach discontent and agi-
tation than to achieve solid results. As a matter
of fact, our position Is as remote from that of the
Bourbon reactionary as from that of the imprac-
ticable or sinister visionary. We hold that the
government should not conduct the business of the
nation, but that It should exercise such supervis-
ion as will insure Its being conducted In the inter-
est of the nation. Our aim is, so far as may be,
to secure, for all decent, hardworking men, equal-
ity of opportunity and equality of burden.

The actual working of our laws has shown that
the effort to prohibit all combination, good or bad.
Is noxious where It is not ineffective. Combina-
"^tion ot capital like combination of labor is a n'ec-
"ement of our present industrial system.
possible completely to prevent it; and
if it were possible, such complete prevention would
do damage to the body politic. What we need is
not vainly to try to prevent all combination, but to
secure such rigorous and adequate control and
supervision of the combinations as to prevent their
Injuring the public, or existing In such form as
inevitably to threaten injury — for the mere fact
that a combination has secured practically com-
plete control of a necessary of life would under
any circumstances sho'w that such combination
was to be presumed to be adverse to the public in-
terest.

It is unfortunate that our present laws should
forbid all combinations. Instead of sharply dis-
criminating between those comljinatlons which do
good and those combinations which do evil. Re-
bates, for instance, are as often due to the pres-
sure of big shippers (as was shown in the inves-
tigation of the Standard Oil Company and as has
been shown since by the investigation of the To-
bacco and Sugar trusts) as to the initiative of big
railroads. Often railroads would like to combine
for the purpose of preventing a big shipper from
maintaining improper advantages at the expense of
small shippers and of the general public. Such a

rfy It is not

combination. Instead of being forbidden by law,
should be favored. In other words, it should be
permitted to railroads to make agreements, pro-
vided these agreements were sanctioned by the
Interstate commerce commission and were pub-
lished.

With tliese two conditions com-

Non- piled with It Is impossible to see

Enforcement what harm such a combination

, , could do to the public at large.

oi i-ans n jg jj puijiij, ^.^ji (q ),ave on

tlie statute books a law inca-
pable of full enforcement because both Judges
and Juries realize that its full enforcement would
destroy the business of the country; for the re-
sult is to make decent railroad men violators of
the law against their will, and to put a premium
on the behavior of the wilful wrongdoers. Such a
result In turn tends to throw the decent man and
the wilful wrongdoer in close association, and in the
end to drag down the former to the latter's level;
for the man who becomes a lawbreaker in one way
unhappily tends to lose all respect for law and
to be willing to break it in many ways. No more
scathing condemnation could be visited upon a
law than is contained In the words of the Inter-
state Commerce Commission when. In commenting
upon the fact that the numerous Joint traffic asso-
ciations do technically violate the law, they say:
"The decision of the United States Supreme Court ]
In the Trans-Missouri case and the Joint Traffic |
Association case has produced no practical effect
upon the railway operations of the country. Such
associations, in fact, exist now as they did before
these decisions, and with the same general effect.
In Justice to all parties, we ought probably to add
that It is difficult to see how our Interstate rail-
ways could be operated with due regard to the
Interest of the shipper and the railway without
concerted action of the kind afforded thru these
associations."

This means that the law as construed by the
Supreme Court is such that the business of the
country can not be conducted without breaking it.
I recommend that you give careful and early con-
sideration to this subject, and If you find the
opinion of the Interstate Commerce Commission
justified, tiiat you amend the law so as to obviate
the evil disclosed.

Inheritance

and
Income Tax

The question of taxation Is dif-
ficult In any country, but It is
especially difficult in ours with
its federal system of govern-
ment. Some taxes should on
every ground be levied in a
small district for use In that district. Thus, the
taxation of real estate is peculiarly one for the
Immediate locality in which the real estate Is
found. Again, there is no more legitimate tax for
any state than a tax on the franchises conferred
by the state upon street railroads and similar cor-
porations which operate wholly within the state
boundaries, sometimes in one and sometimes In
several municipalities or other minor divisions of
the state. But there are many kinds of taxes
which can only be levied by the general govern-
ment so as to produce the best results, because
among other reasons, the attempt to impose them
in one particular state too often results merely In
driving the corporation or individual affected to
some other locality or other state.

The national government has long derived its
chief revenue from a tariff on imports and from
an Internal or excise tax. In addition to these,
there is every reason why, when next our system
of taxation is revised, the national government
should Impose a graduated inheritance tax, and, if
possible, a graduated Income tax. The man of
great wealth owes a peculiar obligation to the
state, because he derives special advantages from
the mere existence of government. Not only
should he recognize this obligation in tlie way he
leads his dally life and In th.e way he earns and ■
spends his money, but It should also be recognized
by the way in which he pays for the protection
the state gives him.

On the one liand, it is desirable that he should
assume his full and proper share of the burden of
taxation; on the other hand, it Is quite as neces-
sary that In this kind of taxation, where the men
who vote the tax pay but little of it, there should
be clear recognition of the danger of Inaugurating
any such system save in a spirit of entire justice

THE PANDEX

103

and moderation. Whenever we, as a people, under-
take to remodel our taxation system along the
lines suggested we must make it clear beyond
peradventure that our aim is to distribute the
burden of supporting the government more equi-
tably than at present; that we intend to treat rich
man and poor man on a basis of absolute equality,
and that we regard it as equally fataJ to true
democracy to do or permit injustice to the one as
to do or permit injustice to the other.

I am well aware that such a subject as this
needs long and careful study in order that the
people may become familiar with what is proposed
to be done, may clearly see the necessity of pro-
ceeding with wisdom and self-restraint, and may
make up their minds just how far they are willing
to go in the matter, while only trained legislators
can work out the project in necessary detail. But
I feel that in the near future our national legis-
lators should enact a law providing for a gradu-
ated Inheritance tax by which a steadily increas-
ing rate of duty should be put upon all moneys or
other valuables coming by gift, bequest, or devise
to any individual or corporation.

It may be well to make the tax heavy in pro-
portion as the individual benefited is remote of kin.
In any event, in my judgment, the pro rata of the
tax should increase very heavily with the increase
of the amount left to any one individual after a cer-
tain point has been reached. It is most desirable
to encourage thrift and ambition, and a potent
source of thrift and ambition is the desire on the
part of the breadwinner to leave his children well
off. This object can be attained by making the
tax very small on moderate amounts of property
left, because the prime object should be to put a
constantly increasing burden on the inheritance
of those swolIenfarIun,e5_.-Khicl}_it_is certajnlx-of
noTSSllHIIFToTTiTscountry to p«r-{>etuate.
— TK?rB" can be no question of the ethical pro-
priety of the Government thus determining the
conditions upon which any gift or inheritance
should be received. Exactly how far the inherit-
ance tax would, as an incident, have the effect of
limiting the transmission by devise or gift of the
enormous fortunes in question it is not necessary
at present to discuss. It is wise that progress in
this direction should be gradual. At first a per-
manent national inheritance tax. while it might be
more substantial than any such tax lias hitherto
been, need not approximate, either in amount or
in the extent of the increase by graduation, to
what such a tax should ultimately be.

This species of tax has again and again been im-
posed, altho only temporarily, by the national gov-
ernment. It was first imposed by the act of July
6. 1797, when the makers of the Constitution were
alive and at the head of affairs. It was a gradu-
ated tax; tho small in amount, the rate was in-
creased with the amount left to any individual,
exceptions being made in the case of certain close
kin. A similar tax was again imposed by the
act of July 1, 1862, a minimum sum of $1000 In
personal property being excepted from taxation,
the tax then becoming progressive according to
the remoteness of kin. The War Revenue Act of
June 13, 1898, provided for an inheritance tax on
any sum exceeding the value of $10,000, the rate
of the tax increasing botli in accordance with the
amounts left and In accordance with the legatee's
remoteness of kin. The Supreme Court has held
that the succession tax Imposed at the time of the
Civil War was not a direct tax, but an impost or
excise which was both constitutional and valid.
More recently the Court. In an opinion delivered
by Mr. Justice White, which contained an exceed-
ingly able and elaborate discussion of the. powers
of the Congress to impose death duties, sustained
the constitutionality of the inheritance tax feature
of the War Revenue Act of 1898.

In Its incidents, and apart from the main purpose
of raising revenue, an income tax stands on an
entirely different footing from an inheritance tax,
because it involves no question of the perpetuation
of fortunes swollen to an unhealthy size. The
question is in its essence a question of the proper
adjustment of burdens to benefits. As the law now
stands, It is undoubtedly difhcult to devise a na-
tional income tax which shall be constitutional.
But whether it is absolutely impossible is another
question, and if possible it is most certainly desir-
able. The first purely income tax law was past
by the Congress In 1861, but the most Important
law dealing with the subject was that of 1894.
This the Court held to be unconstitutional.

The question Is undoubtedly very intricate, deli-
cate, and troublesome. The decision of the Court

was only reached by one majority. It is the law .
of the land, and, of course, is accepted as such,
and loyally obeyed by all good citizens. Never-
theless, the hesitation evidently felt by the Court
as a whole in coming to a conclusion, when con-
sidered together with the previous decisions
on the subject, may perhaps indicate the pos-
sibility of devising a constitutional Income tax law
which shall substantially accomplish the results
aimed at. The difflculty of amending the constitu-
tion is so great that only real necessity can justify
a resort thereto. Every efro^->°]]nnlrt hr mndr In
d£aUn£_jatllli, this subject, as~wTth_the subjecr of

th£ CJCQjier^^'nTrBr- by the ■national "government

oiCfiC-tJifiUise pfTrorporate wealth in Interstate busi-
ness^_ to devise legislation which without such
atrtioM shall attain the desired end; but if this fails,
there will ultimately be no .alternative to a con-
stitutidiiitl amendment."

Techuli-nl

anil IniliiMtrlal

Training;

It would be impossible to over-
state (tho it Is, of course, diffl-
cult quantitatively to measure)
the effect upon a nation's
growth to greatness of what
may be called organized patriot-
ism, which necessarily Includes the substitution of
a national feeling for mere local pride, with, as a
resultant, a high ambition for the whole country.
No country can develop its full strength so long
as the parts which make up the whole each put
a feeling of loyalty to the part above the feeling
of loyalty to the whole. This is true of sections
and it is just as true of classes.

The Industrial and agricultural classes must
work together, capitalists and wageworkers must
work together, if the best work of which the
country Is capable is to be done. It is probable
that a thoroly efficient system of education comes
next to the influence of patriotism In bringing
about national success of this kind. Our federal
form of government, so fruitful of advantage to
our people in certain ways. In other ways undoubt-
edly limits our national effectiveness. It Is not
possible, for instance, for the national government
to take the lead In technical industrial education,
to see that the public school system of this country
develops on all its technical, industrial, scientific,
and commercial sides. TJii8-j»ual_tiS. left jprlmarjly
tct,,tlie several_ ^ates. Nevertlieless. the national
govern ihenFTras control of the schools of the Dis-
trict of Columbia, and it should see that these
schools promote and encourage tlie fullest develop-
ment of the scholars In both commercial and in-
dustrial training.

The commercial training should in one of its
branches deal with foreign trade. The industrial
training is even more important. It should be one
of our prime objects as a nation, so far as feasible,
constantly to work toward putting the mechanic,
the wageworker who works with his hands, on a
higlier plane of efficacy and reward, so as to In-
crease his effectiveness in the economic world, and
the dignity, the remuneration, and the power of his
position in the social world. Unfortunately, at
present the effect of some of the work in the
public schools Is in the exactly opposite direction.
If boys and girls are trained merely in literary
accomplishments, to the total exclusion of indus-
trial, manual, and technical training, the tendency
is to unfit them tor Industrial work and to make
them reluctant to go into it, or unfitted to do well
if they do go into it. This is a tendency which
should be. strenuously combated.

Our industrial development depends largely upon
technical education, including in this term all In-
dustrial education, from that which fits a man to
be a good mechanic, a good carpenter, or black-
smith, to that which fits a man to do the greatest
engineering feat. The skilled mechanic, the skilled
workman can best become such by technical indus-
trial education. The far-reaching usefulness of In-
stitutes of technology and schools of mines or of
engineering is no'W universally acknowledged, and
no less far reaching Is the effect of a good build-
ing or mechanical trades school, a textile, or
watchmaking, or engraving school. All such train-
ing must develop not only manual dexterity but
industrial Intelligence. In international rivalry
this country does not have to fear the competition
of pauper labor so much as It has to fear the
educated labor of specially trained competitors;
and we should have the education of the hand,
eye, and brain which will fit us to meet such com-
petition.

In every possible way we should help the wage-

104

THE PANDEX

worker who toils with his hands and who must
(we hope in a constantly increasing measure.) also
toil with his brain. Under the constitution the
national legislature can do but little of direct im-
portance for his welfare save where he is engaged
in work which permits it to act under the inter-
state commerce clause of the constitution: and this
is one reason why I so earnestly hope tliat both
the legislative and judicial branches of the Gov-
ernment will construe this clause of the constitu-
tion in the broadest possible manner. We can.
however, in such a matter as industrial training,
in such a matter as child labor and factory laws,
set an example to the states by enacting the most
advanced legislation that can wisely be enacted
for the District of Columbia,

The only other persons whose
Welfare of welfare is as vital to the wel-
f;n-e of the whole country as is
*"^ the welfare of the wageworkers

AKrlcuItiiriitt are the tillers of the soil, the
farmers. It is a mere truism to
say that no growth of cities, no wealth, no indus-
trial development can atone for any falling oft In
the character and standing of the farming popu-
lation. During the last few decades this fact has
been recognized with ever-increasing clearness.

There is no longer any failure to realize that
farming, at least in certain branches, must become
a technical and scientific profession. This means
that there must be open to farmers the chance for
technical and scientific training, not theoretical
merely, but of the most severely practical type.
The farmer represents a peculiarly high type of
American citizenship, and he must have the same
chance to rise and develop as other American
citizens have. Moreover, it is exactly as true of
the farmer as it is of the business man and the
wageworker, that the ultimate success of the
nation of which he forms a part must be founded
not alone on material prosperity, but upon high
moral, mental, and physical development. Tills
education of the farmer — self-educated by prefer-
ence, but also education from the outside, as with
all other men — Is peculiarly necessary here In the
United States where the frontier conditions even in
tlie newest states have now nearly vanished, where
there must l>e a substitution of a more intensive
system of cultivation for the old wasteful farm
management, and where there must be a better
business organization among the farmers them-
selves.

Several factors must co-operate in the improve-
ment of the farmer's condition. He must have the
chance to be educated in the widest possible sense
■ — in the sense whicli keeps ever in view the inti-
mate relationship between the theory of education
and the facts of life. In all education we should
widen our alms. It is a good thing to produce a
certain number of trained scholars and students;
but the education superintended by the state must
seek rather to produce a hundred good citizens
than merely one scholar, and It must be turned
now and then from the class book to the study of
the great book of Nature itself. This is especially
true of the farmer, as has been pointed out again
and again by all observers most competent to pass
practical judgment on the problems of our country
life.

All students now realize that education must
seek to train the executive powers of young people
and to confer more real significance upon the
phrase, "dignity of labor," and to prepare the
pupils so that in addition to each developing in
the highest degree his individual capacity for work
they may together help create a right public opin-
ion and show in many ways social and co-operative
spirit. Organization has become necessary in the
business worla, and it has accomplished much for
good in the world of labor. It is no less necessary
for farmers. Such a movement as the Grange
movement is good in itself and is capable of a
well-nigh infinite further extension for good so
long as it is kept to its own legitimate business.
The benefits to be derived by the association of
farmers for mutual advantage are partly economic
and partly sociological.

Moreover, while in the long run voluntary effort
will prove more efficacious than government assist-
ance, while the farmers must primarily do most
for themselves, yet the Government can also do
much. The Department of Agriculture has broken
new ground in many directions, and year by year
it finds how it can improve its methods and de-
velop fresh usefulness.

Its constant effort is to give the governmental
assistance In the most effective way; that is,
through associations of farmers. It is also striv-
ing to co-ordinate Its work witl^ the agricultural
departments of the several states, and so far as its
own work is educational, to co-ordinate it with the
work of other educational authorities. Agricul-
tural education is necessarily based upon general
education, but our agricultural educational insti-
tutions are wisely specializing themselves, making
tlieir courses relate to the actual teaching of the
agricultural and kindred sciences to young country
people or young city people who wish to live in
the country.

Great progress has already been made among
farmers by the creation of farmers' institutes, of
dairy associations, of breeders' associations, horti-
cultural associations and the like. A striking ex-
ample of how the Government and the farmers can
co-operate is shown in connection with the menace
offered to the cotton growers of the Southern
states by the advance of the boll weevil. The
Department is doing all it can to organize the
farmers in the threatened districts, just as it has
been doing all it can to organize them in aid of its
work to eradicate the cattle fever tick in the
South. The Department can and will co-operate
with all such associations, and it must have their^
help if its own work is to be done in the most
efficient style.

Much is now being done for the

I»ri.«erviifl.>ii -"'ates of the Rocky Mountains
PreHeriiiti.m .^^^ ^^^^^ plains thru the

of the development of the national

Kori'Mts policy of irrigation and forest

preservation. No government
policy for the betterment of our internal conditions
has been more fruitful of good than this. The
forests of the White Mountains and southern Ap-
palachian regions should also be preserved; and
they can not be unless the people of the states in
which they lie, thru their representatives in the
Congress, secure vigorous action by the national
government.

I invite the attention of the Congress to the esti-
mate of the Secretary of War for an appropriation
to enable him to begin the preliminary work for
the constructon of a memorial amphitheater at Ar-
lington. The Grand Army of the Republic in its
national encampment has urged the erection of
such an amphitheater as necessary for the proper
observance of Memorial Day and as a fitting monu-
ment to the soldier and sailor dead buried there.
In this I heartily concur and commend the matter
to the favorable consideration of the Congress.

Marriage

and
Dlvoree

I am well aware of how diffi-
cult it is to pass a constitu-
tional amendment. Neverthe-
less, in my Judgment the whole
question of marriage and di-
vorce should be relegated to
the authority of the National Congress. At present
the wide differences in the laws of the different
states on this subject result in scandals and abuses,
and surely there is nothing so vitally essential to
the welfare of the nation, nothing around which
the nation should so bend Itself to throw every
safeguard, as the home life of the average citizen.
The change would be good from every stand-
point. In particular It would be good because it
would confer on the Congress the power at once
to deal radically and efficiently with polygamy,
and this should be done whether or not marriage
and divorce are dealt with.

It is neither safe nor proper to leave the ques-
tion of polygamy to be dealt with by the several
states. Power to deal with it should be conferred
on the national government.

Evil In

Race

Suicide

When home ties are loosened,
when men and women cease to
regard a worthy family life,
with all its duties fully per-
formed and all Its responsibil-
ities lived up to, as the life best
worth living, then evil days for the commonwealth
are at hand.

There are regions in our land and classes of our
population where tile birth rate has sunk below
the death rate. Surely it should need no demon-
stration to show that wilful sterility is, from the
standpoint of the nation, from the standpoint of

THE P A N D E X

105

AWAITING THE PUBLIC VERDICT.

— Indianapolis News.

106

THE PANDEX

the human race, the one sin for which the penaity
is national death, race death, a sin for which there
Is no atonement, a sin which is the more dreadful
exactly in proportion as the men and women guilty
thereof are in other respects, in character and
bodily and mental powers, those whom for the
sake of the state it would be well to see the
fathers and mothers of many healthy children, well
brought up in homes made happy by their presence.
No man, no woman can shirk the primary duties
of life, whether for love of ease and pleasure or
for any other cause, and retain his or her self-
respect.

Let me once again call the at-
Govemuient tentlon of the Congress to two

subjects concerning which I

Ala to have frequently before com-

Shlpiiine municated with them. One is

the question of developing
American shipping. I trust that a law embodying
in substance tlie views, or a major part of the
views, expressed in the report on this subject laid
before the House at its last session will be past.
I am well aware that in former years objection-
able measures have been proposed in reference to
the encouragement of American shipping; but it
seems to me that the proposed measure is as nearly
unobjectionable as any can be. It will, of course,
benefit primarily our seaboard states, such as
Maine, Louisiana, and Washington; but what bene-
fits part of our people in the end benefits all, just
as government aid to irrigation and forestry in the
West is really of benefit, not only to the Rocky
Mountain states, but to all our country. If it prove
impracticable to enact a law for the encourage-
ment of shipping generally, then at least provision
should be made for better communication with
South America, notably for fast mail lines to the
chief South American ports. It is discreditable
to us that our business people, for lack of direct
communication in the shape of lines of steamers
with South America, should in that great sister con-
tinent be at a disadvantage compared to the busi-
ness people of Europe.

Currency
Reform

PlllUfI

I especially call your attention
to the second subject, the condi-
tion of our currency laws. The
National Bank Act has ably
served a great purpose in aid-
ing the enormous business
development of the country; and within ten years
there has been an increase in circulation- per capita
from $21.41 to $33.08. For several years evidence
has been accumulating that additional legislation
is needed. The recurrence of each crop season
emphasizes the defects of the present laws. There
must soon be a revision of them, because to leave
them as they are means to incur liability of busi-
ness disaster. Since your body adjourned there has
been a fluctuation in the interest on call money
from 2 per cent to 30 per cent, and the fluctuation
"was even greater during the preceding six months.
The Secretary of the Treasury had to step in and
by wise action put a stop to the most violent period
of oscillation. Even worse than such fluctuation
is the advance In commercial rates and the uncer-
tainty felt in the sufficiency of credit even at high
rates. All commercial interests suffer during each
crop period. Excessive rates for call money in
New York attract money from the interior banks
into the speculative field; this depletes the fund
that would otherwise be available for commercial
uses, and the commercial borrowers are forced to
pay abnormal rates, so that each fall a tax. In
the shape of increased interest charges, is placed
on the whole commerce of the country.

The mere statement of these facts shows that
our present sy.stem is seriously defective. There is
need of a change. Unfortunately, however, many
of the proposed changes must be ruled from con-
sideration because they are complicated, are not
easy of comprehension, and tend to disturb exist-
ing rights and interests. We must also rule out
any plan which would materially impair the value
of the United States two per cent bonds now
pledged to secure circulation, the issue of which
was made under conditions peculiarly creditable
to the Treasury. I do not press any. especial plan.
Various plans have recently been proposed by ex-
pert committees of bankers. Among the plans
which are possibly feasible and which certainly
should receive your consideration is that repeat-
edly brought to your attention by the present Sec-
retary of the Treasury, the essential features of

which have been approved by many prominent
bankers and business men. According to this plan,
national banks should be permitted to issue a speci-
fied proportion of their capital in notes of a
given kind, the issue to be taxed at so high a rate
as to drive the notes back when not wanted in
legitimate trade. This plan would not permit the
issue of currency to give banks additional profits,
but to meet the emergency presented by times of
stringency.

I do not say that this is the right system. I only
advance it to emphasize my belief that there is
need for the adoption of some system which shall
be automatic and open to all sound banks, so as
to avoid all possibility of discrimination and favor-
itism. Such a plan would tend to prevent the
spasms of high money and speculation which now
obtain in the New York market; for at present
there is too much currency at certain seasons of
the year, and its accumulation at New York tempts
bankers to lend it at low rates for speculative
purposes, whereas at other times when the crops
are being moved there is urgent need for a large
but temporary increase in the currency supply. It
must never be forgotten that this question con-
cerns business men generally quite as much as
bankers. Especially is this true of stockmen,
farmers, and business men in the West, for at pres-
ent at certain seasons of the year the difference in
interest rates between the East and the West is
from six to ten per cent, whereas in Canada the
corresponding difference is V>ut two per cent. Any
plan must, of course, guard the interests of West-
ern and Southern bankers as carefully as it guards
the interests of New York or Chicago bankers, and
must be drawn from the standpoints of the f.armer
and the merchant no less than from the sttnd-
points of the city banker and the country banker.

The law should be amended so as specifically to
provide that the funds derived from customs d'lties
may be treated by the Secretary of the Trc isury
as he treats funds obtained under the InternEtl rev-
enue laws. There should be a considerable in-
crease in bills of small denominations. Permission
should be given banks, if necessary under settled
restrictions, to retire their circuiatioij to a larger
amount than $3,000,000 a month.

I most earnestly hope that the
Low Tariff '^'" '° provide a lower tariff

for or else absolute free trade

'**** in Philippine products v^rlll be-

PhilippineH come a law. No harm will come

to any American industry, and,
while there will he some small but real material
benefit to the Filipinos, the main benefit will come
by the showing made as to pur purpose to do all
in our power for their welfare. So far our action in
the Philippines has been abundantly Justified, not
mainly and. indeed, not primarily because of the
added dignity it has given us as a nation by prov-
ing that we are capable honorably and efficiently
to bear the international burdens which a mighty
people should bear, but even more because of the
immense benefit that has come to the people of the
Philippine Islands.

In these islands we are steadily introducing both
liberty and order to a greater degree than their
people have ever before known. We have secured
justice. We have provided an efficient police
force and have put down ladronism. Only in the
islands of Leyte and Samar is the authority of
our government resisted, and this by wild moun-
tain tribes under the superstitious inspiration of
fakirs and pseudo-religious leaders. We are con-
stantly increasing the measure of liberty accorded
the islanders, and next spring, if the conditions
warrant, we shall take a great stride forward in
testing their capacity for self-government by sum-
moning the first Filipino legislative assembly; and
the way in which they stand this test will largely
determine whether the self-government thus
granted will be increased or decreased; for if we
liave erred at all in the Philippines it has been in
proceeding too rapidly in the direction of granting
a large measure of self-government. We are build-
ing roads. We have, for the immeasurable good
of the people, arranged for the building of rail-
roads. Let us also see to it that they are given
free access to our markets. This nation owes no
more imperative duty to itself and mankind than
the duty of managing the affairs of all the islands
under the American flag — the Philippines, Porto
Rico, and Hawaii — so as to make it evident that
it is in every way to their advantage that the
flag should fly over them.

THE PANDEX

107

American citizenship should be
KeforniH conferred on the citizens of

j^p Porto Rico. The harbor of San

Juan in Porto Rico should be
Other Islands dredged and improved. The ex-
penses of the Federal court of
Porto Rico should be met from the Federal treas-
ury. The administration of the affairs of Porto
Rico, together with those of the Philippines.
Hawaii, and our other insular posse.ssions, should
all be directed under one executive department, by
preference the Department of State or the Depart-
ment of War.

The needs of Hawaii are peculiar. Every aid
should be given the islands, and our efforts should
be unceasing to develop them along the lines of a
community of small freeholders, not of great plant-
ers with coolie-tilled estates. Situated as this ter-
ritory Is, in the middle of the Pacific, there are
duties imposed upon this small community which
do not fall in like degree or manner upon any
other American community. This warrants our
treating it differently from the way in which we
treat territories contiguous to or surrounded by
sister territories or other states, and Justifies the
setting aside of a portion of our revenues to be
expended for educational and Internal improve-
ments therein. Hawaii is now making an effort
to secure immigration fit in the end to assume the
duties and burdens of full American citizenship,
and whenever the leaders in the various Industries
of those islands finally adopt our Ideals and hear-
tily join our administration in endeavoring to de-
velop a middle class of substantial citizens, a way
will then be found to deal with the commercial
and industrial problems which now appear to them
so serious. The best Americanism is that which
aims for stability and permanency of prosperous
citizenship, rather than immediate returns on large
masses of capital.

Alaska's needs have been par-
tially met, but there must be a
Booms Alaska complete reorganization of the
Rxposltion goverrfmental system, as I have

before Indicated to you. I ask
your special attention to this.
Our fellow citizens who dwell on the shores of
Puget Sound with characteristic energy are ar-
ranging to hold in Seattle the Alaskan-Yukon Pa-
cific Exposition. Its special aims Include the up-
building of Alaska and the development of
American commerce on the Pacific Ocean. This
exposition. In its purposes and scope, should appeal
not only to the people of the Pacific Slope, but to
the people of the United States at large. Alaska
since It was bought has yielded to the Government
eleven millions of dollars of revenue, and has pro-
duced nearly three hundred millions of dollars in
gold, furs, and fish. When properly developed. It
will become in large degree a land of homes. The
countries bordering the Pacific Ocean have a popu-
lation more numerous than that of all the coun-
tries of Europe; their annual foreign commerce
amounts to over three billions of dollars, of which
the share of the United States is some seven hun-
dred millions of dollars. If this trade were thor-
oly understood and pushed by our manufactur-
ers and producers, the industries not only of the
Pacific Slope but of all our country, and partic-
ularly of our cotton-growing states, would be
greatly benefited. Of course. In order to get these
benefits we must treat fairly the countries with
which "we trade.

It Is a mistake, and It betrays
a spirit of foolish cynicism, to
International maintain that all International
Morality governmental action is, and

must ever be, based upon mere
selfishness, and that to advance
ethical reasons for such action Is always a sign of
hypocrisy. This Is no more necessarily true of the
action of governments than of the actions of indi-
viduals. It Is a sure sign of a base nature always
to ascribe base motives for the action of others.
Unquestionably no nation can afford to disregard
proper considerations of self-interest, any more
than a private individual can do so. But it is
equally true that the average private Individual in
any really decent community does many actions
with reference to other men in which he is guided
not by self-interest but by public spirit, by regard
for the rights of others, by a disinterested pur-
pose to do good to others, and to raise the tone

of the community as a whole. Similarly a really
great nation must often act, and as a matter of
fact often does act, toward other nations in a spirit
not in the least of mere self-interest, but paying
heed chiefly to ethical reasons; and as the cen-
turies go by this disinterestedness in international
action, this tendency of the individuals comprising
a nation to require that nation to act with Justice
toward Its neighbors steadily grows and
strengthens.

It is neither wise nor right for a nation to dis-
regard its own needs, and it is foolish — and maybe
wicked — to think that other nations will disregard
theirs. But It Is wicked for a nation only to regard
its own Interest, and foolish to believe that such
is the sole motive that actuates any other nation.
It_ should be our steady aim to raise the ethical
standard of national action Just as we strive to
raise the ethical standard of individual action.

Not only must we treat all nations fairly, but
we must treat with Justice and good will all im-
migrants who come here under the law. Whether
they are Catholic or Protestant, Jew or Gentile;
whether they come from England or Germany,
Russia, Japan, or Italy, matters nothing. All we
have a right to question is the man's conduct. If
he Is honest and upright In his dealings with his
neighbor and with the state, then he Is entitled
to respect and good treatment. Especially do we
need to remember our duty to the stranger within
our gates. It is the sure mark of a low civilization,
a low morality, to abuse or discriminate against
or In any way humiliate such stranger who has
come here lawfully and who is conducting himself
properly. To remember this Is incumbent on every
American citizen, and it is, of course, peculiarly
incumbent on every government ofHcial, whether
of the nation or of the several states.

Good W^ords

for

Japanese

I am prompted to say this by
the attitude of hostility here
and there assumed toward the
Japanese in this country. This
hostility is sporadic and Is lim-
ited to a very few places. Never-
theless, it is most discreditable to us as a people,
and it may be fraught "with the gravest conse-
quences to the nation. The friendship between
the United States and Japan has been continuous
since the time, over half a century ago, when Com-
modore Perry, by his expedition to Japan, first
opened the Islands to western civilization. Since
then the growth of Japan has been literally as-
tounding. There is not only nothing to parallel
It. but nothing to approach It in the history of
civilized mankind. Japan has a glorious and an-
cient past. Her civilization Is older than that of
the nations of northern Europe — the nations from
whom the people of the United States have chiefly
sprung. But fifty years ago Japan's development
was still that of the Middle Ages. During that
fifty years the progress of the country in every
■walk of life has been a marvel to mankind, and
she now stands as one of the greatest of civilized
nations: great in the arts of war and in the arts
of peace; great in military. In Industrial, in artistic
development and achievement.

Japanese soldiers and sailors have shoTvn them-
selves equal in combat to any of whom history
makes note. She has produced great generals and
mighty admirals; her fighting men, afloat and
ashore, show all the heroic courage, the unques-
tioning, unfaltering loyalty, the splendid Indiffer-
ence to hardship and death, which marked the
Loyal Ronins; and they show also that they possess
the highest Ideal of patriotism. Japanese artists
of every kind see their products eagerly sought for
in all lands.

The Industrial and commercial development of
Japan has been phenomenal — greater than that of
any other country during the same period. At
the same time the advance In science and phil-
osophy is no less marked. The admirable manage-
ment of the Japanese Red Cross during the late
war, the efficiency and humanity of the Japanese
officials, nurses, and doctors won the respectful
admiration of all acquainted with the facts.
Through the Red Cross the Japanese people sent
over $100,000 to the sufferers of San Francisco,
and the gift was accepted with gratitude by our
people.

The courtesy of the Japanese, nationally and in-
dividually, has become proverbial. To no other
country has there been such an increasing num-
ber of visitors from this land as to Japan. In
return, Japanese have come here In great numbers.

108

THE PANDEX

(

They are welcome, socially and intellectually, in all
our colleges and institutions o£ higher learning, in
all our professional and social bodies. The Japan-
ese have won in a single generation the right to
stand abreast of the foremost and most enlight-
ened peoples of Europe and America; they have
won on their own merits and by their own exer-
tions the right to treatment on a basis of full and
frank equality. The overwhelming mass of our
people cherish a lively regard and respect for the
people of Japan, and in almost every quarter of
the Union the stranger from Japan is treated as he
deserves; that is, he is treated as the stranger
from any part of civilized Europe is and deserves
to be treated. But here and there a most unworthy
feeling has manifested itself toward the Japanese
• — the feeling that has been shown in shutting them
out from the common schools in San Francisco, and
in mutterings against them in one or two other
places, because of their efficiency as workers. To
shut them out from the public schools is a wicked
absurdity, when there are no first-class colleges in
the land, including the universities and colleges
of California, which do not gladly welcome Japan-
ese students and on which Japanese students do
not reflect credit,

"We have as much to learn from

Asks for Japan as Japan has to learn

„ ,_ from us, and no nation is fit to

teach unless it is also willing
Treatment tg learn. Thruout Japan

Americans are well treated, and
any failure on the part of Americans at home to
treat the Japanese with a like courtesy and con-
sideration is by just so much a confession of in-
feriority in our civilization.

Our nation fronts on the Pacific, just as it fronts
on the Atlantic. We hope to play a constantly
growing part in the great ocean of the Orient.
We wish, as we ought to wish, for a great commer-
cial development in our dealings with Asia, and it
is out of the question that we should permanently
have such developments unless we freely and
gladly extend to other nations the same measure
of justice and good treatment which we expect to
receive in return. It is only a very small body of
our citizens that act badly. Where the Federal
Government has power it will deal summarily with
any such. Where the several states have power I
earnestly ask that they also deal wisely and
promptly with such conduct, or else this small
body of wrongdoers may bring shame upon the
great mass of their innocent and right-thinking

fellows that is, upon our nation as a whole. Good

manners should be an international no less than
an individual attribute. I ask fair treatment for
the Japanese as I would ask fair treatment for
Germans or Englishmen. Frenchmen, Russians, or
Italians I ask it as due to humanity and civiliza-
tion, I ask it as due to ourselves because we
must act uprightly toward all men.

I recommend to the Congress
that an act be passed specifi-
cally providing for the natural-
ization of Japanese who come
here intending to become Amer-
ican citizens.
One of the great embarrassments attending the
performance of our international obligations is the
fact that the statutes of the United States are
entirely inadequate. They fail to give to the na-
tional government sufficiently ample power,
through United States courts and by the use of the
army and navy, to protect aliens in the rights
secured to them under solemn treaties which are
the law of the land. I therefore earnestly recom-
mend that the criminal and civil statutes of the
United States be so amended and added to as to
enable the President, acting for the United States
Government, which is responsible in our interna-
tional relations, to enforce the rights of aliens
under treaties. Even as the law now is something
can be done bv the Federal Government toward
this end, and in the matter now before me affect-
ing the Japanese everything that it is in my power
to do will be done, and all of the forces, military
and civil, of the United States which I may law-
fully employ will be so employed.

There should, however, be no

UplioIdiiiB particle of doubt as to the

power of the national govern-

" ment completely to perform and

ObllKatlonn enforce its own obligations to

other nations. The mob of a

single city may at any time perform acts of law-

Would

Naturnll!r.e

JniiuneMC

less violence against some class of foreigners
which would plunge us into war. That city by itself
would be powerless to make defense against the
foreign power thus assaulted, and if Independent
of this Government it would never venture to per-
form or permit the performance of the acts com-
plained of.

The entire power and the "whole duty to protect
the offending city or the offending community lies
in the hands of the United States Government. It
is unthinkable that we should continue a policy
under which a given locality may be allowed tO'
commit a crime against a friendly nation, and the
United States Government limited, not to prevent-
ing the commission of the crime, but, in the last
resort, to defending the people who have com-
mitted it against the consequences of their own
wrongdoing.

Last August an insurrection
Intervfntiun broke out in Cuba which, it
to Aid speedily grew evident, the

existing Cuban government was
Cuba powerless to quell. This Gov-

ernment was repeatedly asked
by the then Cuban government to intervene, and
finally was notified by the President of Cuba that
he intended to resign; that his decision was irre-
vocable; that none of the other constitutional offi-
cers would consent to carry on the government,
and that he was powerless to maintain order. It
was evident that chaos was impending, and there
was every probability that if steps were not imme-
diately taken by this Government to try to re-
store order the representatives of various Euro-
pean nations in the island would apply to their
respective governments for armed intervention in
order to protect the lives and property of their
citizens. Thanks to the preparedness of our navy,
I was able immediately to send enough ships to
Cuba to prevent the situation from becoming hope-
less, and I furthermore dispatched to Cuba the Sec-
retary of War and the Assistant Secretary of State
in order that they might grapple with the situation
on the ground. All efforts to secure an agreement
between the contending factions by which they
should themselves come to an amicable under-
standing and settle upon some modus Vivendi —
some provisional government of their own — failed.
Finally the president of the republic resigned. The
quorum of Congress assembled failed by deliberate
purpose of its members, so that there was no power
to act on his resignation, and the government came
to a halt.

In accordance with the so-called Piatt amend-
ment, which was embodied in the constitution of
Cuba, I thereupon proclaimed a provisional gov-
ernment for the island, the Secretary of War act-
ing as provisional governor until he could be re-
placed by Mr. Magoon, the late minister to
Panama and governor of tlie canal zone on the
Isthmus. Troops were sent to support them and to
relieve the navy, the expedition being handled with
most satisfactory speed and efficiency. The insur-
gent chiefs immediately agreed that their troops
should lay down their arms and disband, and the
agreement was carried out.

The provisional government has left the per-
sonnel of the old government and the old laws, so
far as might be. unchanged, and will thus admin-
ister the island for a few months until tranquillity
can be restored, a new election properly held, and
a new government inaugurated. Peace has come
to the island, and the harvesting of the sugar-cane
crop, the great crop of the island, is about to pro-
ceed.

When the election has been held and the new
government inaugurated in peaceful and orderly
fashion the provisional government will come to an
end.

I take this opportunity of expressing upon behalf
of the American people, with all possible solem-
nity, our most earnest hope that the people of
Cuba will realize the imperative need of preserv-
ing justice and keeping order in the island. The
United States wishes nothing of Cuba except that
it shall prosper morally and materially, and wishes
nothing of the Cubans save that they shall be able
to preserve order among themselves and therefore .
to preserve their independence. If the elections
become a farce, and if the insurrectionary habit
becomes confirmed in the Island, it is absolutely
out of the question that the island should continue
independent; and the United States, which has
assumed the sponsorship before the civilized world
for Cuba's career as a nation, would again have to

THE PANDEX

109

Intervene and to see that the government was man-
aged in such orderly fashion as to secure the safety
of life and property. The path to be trodden by
those who exercise self-government Is always hard,
and we should have every charity and patience
with the Cubans as they tread this dlfflcult path. I
have the utmost sympathy with, and regard for,
them, but I must earnestly adjure them solemnly
to weigh their responsibilities and to see that
when their new government Is started it shall run
smoothly, and with freedom from flagrant denial
of right on the one hand and from insurrectionary
disturbances on the other.

American

Conference

in Rio

The second international con-
ference of American republics,
held In Mexico in the years
1901-02, provided for the holding
of the third conference within
five years, and committed the
fixing of the time and place and the arrangements
tor the conference to the governing board of the
Bureau of American Republics, composed of the
representatives of all the American nations in
Washington. That board discharged the duty im-
posed upon it with marked fidelity and painstaking
care, and upon the courteous invitation of the
United States of Brazil, the conference was held
at Rio de Janeiro, continuing from the 23d of
July to the 29th of August last. Many subjects
of common Interest to all the American nations
were discussed by the conference, and the con-
clusions reached embodied in a series of resolu-
tions and proposed conventions, will be laid before
you upon the coming in of the final report of the
American delegates. They contain many matters
of importance relating to the extension of trade,
the Increase of communication, the smoothing
away of barriers to free intercourse, and the pro-
motion of a better knowledge and good understand-
ing between the different countries represented.
The meetings of the conference were harmonious
and the conclusions were reached with substantial
unanimity. , ^ ,

It is interesting to observe that in the success-
ive conferences which have been held the repre-
sentatives of the different American nations have
been learning to work together effectively, for
while the first conference in Washington In 1889.
■ind the second conference in Mexico In 1901-2. oc-
cupied many months, with much time wasted in an
unregulated and fruitless discussion, the third con-
ference at Rio exhibited much of the facility in the
practical dispatch of business which characterizes
permanent deliberative bodies, and completed its
labors within the period of six weeks originally
allotted for its sessions.

Quite apart from the specific value of the con-
clusions reached by the conference the example
of the representatives of all the American nations
engaging In harmonious and kindly consideration
and discussion of subjects of common interest is
itself of great and substantial value for the promo-
tion of reasonable and considerate treatment of
all international questions. The thanks of this
country are due to the government of Brazil and
to the people of Rio de Janeiro for the generous
hospitality with which our delegates, in conimon
with the others, were received, entertained and fa-
cilitated in their work.

ROOt'H

Sontli American
Trip

Incidentally to the meeting of
the conference, the Secretary of
State visited the City of Rio
de Janeiro and was cordially
received by the conference, of
which he was made an hon-
orary president. The announcement of his inten-
tion to make this visit was followed by niost cour-
teous and urgent invitations from nearly all the
countries of South America to visit them as the
guest of their governments. It was deemed that
by the acceptance of these invitations we might
appropriately express the real respect and friend-
ship in which we hold our sister republics of the
southern continent, and the secretary, accordingly,
visited Brazil. Uruguay. Argentina ChUe, Peru,
Panama, and Colombia. He refrained from visiting
Paraguay. Bolivia, and Ecuador only because the
distance of their capitals from the seaboard made
It impracticable with the time at his disposal. He
carried with him a message of peace a"'^ friend-
ship, and of strong desire for good understanding
and mutual helpfulness; and he ^^s everywhere
received In the spirit of his message. The members
of government, the press, the learned professions,

the men of business and the great masses of the
people united everywhere In emphatic response to
his friendly expressions and in doing honor to the
country and cause which he represented.

In many parts of South America
False Ideas there has been much misunder-
Are standing of the attitude and

«k.«...H purposes of the United States to-

snaiierea ^^rd the other American repub-

, . .. lies. An Idea had become prev-

a ent that our assertion of the Monroe doctrine Im-
plied, or carried with it, an assumption of superior-
ity, and of a right to exercise some kind of pro-
tectorate over the countries to whose territory
that doctrine applies. Nothing could be farther
from the truth. Yet that impression continued to
be a serious barrier to good understanding to
friendly intercourse, to the Introduction of Amer-
ican capital and the extension of American trade
The Impression was so widespread that apparently
it could not be reached by any ordinary means.

It was part of Secretary Root's mission to dispel '
this unfounded impression, and there Is just cause
to believe that he has succeeded. In an address
to the third conference at Rio on the 31st of July
— an address of such note that I send it in, together
with this message — he said:

"We wish for no victories but those of peace; for
no territory except our own; for no sovereignty
except the sovereignty over ourselves. We deem ,
the Independence and equal rights of the smallest
and weakest member of the family of nations en-
titled to as much respect as those of the greatest
empire, and we deem the observance of that re-
spect the chief guaranty of the weak against the
oppression of the strong.

"We neither claim nor desire any rights or priv-
ileges or powers that we do not freely concede to
every American republic. We wish to Increase our
prosperity, to extend our trade, to grow in wealth,
in wisdom, and in spirit, but our conception of the
true way to accomplish this is not to pull down
others and profit by their ruin, but to help all
friends to a common prosperity and a common
growth, that we may all become greater and
stronger together. Within a few months for the
first time the recognized possessors of every foot
of soil upon the American continents can be and I
hope will be represented with the acknowledged
rights of equal sovereign states in the great world
congress at The Hague. This will be the world's
formal and final acceptance of the declaration that
no part of the American continents Is to be deemed
subject to colonization. Let us pledge ourselves
to aid each other in the full performance of the
duty to humanity which that accepted declaration
implies, so that in time the weakest and most
unfortunate of our republics may come to march
with equal step by the side of the stronger and
more fortunate. Let us help each other to show
that for all the races of men the liberty for which
we have fought and labored is the twin sister of
justice and peace. Let us unite in creating and
maintaining and making effective an ail-American
public opinion, whose power shall influence inter-
national conduct and prevent international wrong,
and narrow the causes of war, and forever pre-
serve our free lands from the burden of such arma-
ments as are massed behind the frontiers of Eu-
rope, and bring us ever nearer to the perfection
of ordered liberty. So shall come security and
prosperity, production and trade, wealth, learning,
the arts, and happiness for us all."

These words appear to have been received with
acclaim in every part of South America. They
have my hearty approval, as I am sure they will
have yours, and I cannot be wrong in the con-
viction that they correctly represent the sen-
timents of the whole American people. I cannot
better characterize the true attitude of the United
States in its assertion of the Monroe doctrine than
In the w^ords of the distinguished former minister
of foreign affairs of Argentina, Dr. Drago. in his
speech welcoming Mr. Root at Buenos Ayres. He
spoke of —

"The traditional policy of the United States
(which) without accentuating superiority or seek-
ing preponderance, condemned the oppression of the
nations of this part of the world and the control of
their destinies by the great powers of Europe."

It Is gratifying to know that in the great City
of Buenos Ayres, upon the arches which spanned
the streets, entwined with Argentine and American
flags for the reception of our repre.sentative. there
were emblazoned not only the names of Washlne-
ton and Jefferson and Marshall, but also. In appre-

110

THE PANDEX

dative recognition of tlieir services to the cause of
South American independence, the names of James
Monroe. John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay and Rich-
ard Rush. We take especial pleasure in the grace-
ful courtesy of the government of Brazil, which
has given to the beautiful and stately building first
used (or the meeting of the conference the name
of "Palacio Monroe." Our grateful acknowledge-
ments are due to the governments and the people
of all the countries visited by the Secretary of
State for the courtesy, the friendship, and the
honor shown to our country in their generous hos-
pitality to him.

In my message to you on the 5th
„ , of December, 1905, I called your

C'OinpiiiDnry attention to the embarrassment
Debt that might be caused to this

Collection government by the assertion by

foreign nations of the right to
collect by force of arms contract
debts due by American republics to citizens of the
, collecting nation, and to the danger that the proc-
ess of compulsory collection might result in the
occupation of territory tending to become perma-
nent. I then said:

"Our own government has always refused to
enforce such contractual obligation on behalf of its
citizens by an appeal to arms. It is much to be
wished that all foreign governments would take
the same view."

This subject was one of the topics of considera-
tion at the conference at Rio and a resolution was
adopted by that conference recommending to the
respective governments represented "to consider
the advisability of asking the second peace con-
ference at The Hague to examine the question of
the compulsory collection of public debts, and in
general, means tending to diminish among nations
conflicts of purely pecuniary origin."

This resolution was supported by the representa-
tives of the United States in accordance with the
following instructions:

"It has long been the established policy of the
United States not to use its armed forces for the
collection of ordinary contract debts due to its
citizens by other governments. We have not con-
sidered the use of force for such a purpose consist-
ent with that respect for the Independent sover-
eignty of other members of tlie family of nations,
which is the most important principle of inter-
national law and the chief protection of weak
nations against the oppression of the strong. It
seems to us that the practice is injurious in Its
general effect upon the relations of nations and
upon the welfare of weak and disordered states,
■whose development ought to be encouraged in the
Interests of civilization; that it offers frequent
temptation to bullying and oppression and to un-
necessary and unjustifiable warfare. We regret
that other powers, whose opinions and sense of
justice we esteem highly, have at times taken a
different view and have permitted themselves,
tho we believe, with reluctance, to collect such
debts by force. It is doubtless true that the non-
payment of public debts may be accompanied by
such circumstances of fraud and wrongdoing or
violation of treaties as to justify the use of force.

"This government would be glad to see an in-
ternational consideration of the subject which shall
discriminate between such cases and the simple
nonperformance of a contract with a private per-
son, and a resolution in favor of reliance upon
peaceful means in cases of the latter class.

"It is not felt, howeer, that the conference at
Rio should undertake to make such a discrimina-
tion or to resolve upon such a rule. Most of the
American countries are still debtor nations, while
the countries of Europe are the creditors. If the
Rio conference, therefore, were to take such action
It would have the appearance of a meeting of
debtors resolving how their creditors should act,
and this would not inspire respect. The true
course is indicated by the terms of the program,
Tvhich proposes to request the second Hague con-
ference, where both creditors and debtors will be
assembled, to consider the subject."

Last June trouble which had ex-
isted for some time between the
republics of Salvador, Guate-
mala and Honduras culminated
in war "which threatened to be
ruinous to the countries involved
and very destructive to the commercial Interests of
Americans, Mexicans and other foreigners who are
taking an important part in the development of

Central
American
Mediation

these countries. The thoroly good understand-
ing which exists between the United States and
Mexico enabled this government and that of Mex-
ico to unite in effective mediation between the
warring republics — which mediation resulted, not
without long-continued and patient effort. In bring-
ing about a meeting of the representatives of the
hostile powers on board a United States war ship
as neutral territory, and peace was there concluded:
a peace which resulted in the saving of thousands
of lives and in the prevention of an Incalculable
amount of misery and the destruction of property
and of the means of livelihood. The Rio conference
passed the following resolution in reference to
this action:

"That the third international American confer-
ence shall address to the Presidents of the United
States of America and of the United States of Mex-
ico, a note In which the conference which is being
held at Rio expresses its satisfaction at the happy
results of their mediation for the celebration of
peace between the republics of Guatemala, Hondu-
ras, and Salvador."

This affords an excellent exam-

Kxerta Ple of one way in which the in-

„ . fiuence of the United States can

properly be exercised for the
Influence benefit of the peoples of the

western hemisphere; that Is, by
action taken in concert with other American re-
publics and therefore free from those suspicions
and prejudices which might attach if the action
were taken by one alone. In this way it is possible
to exercise a powerful influence toward the substi-
tution of considerate action in the spirit of Justice
for the insurrectionary or international violence
which has hitherto been so great a hindrance to
the development of many of our neighbors. Re-
peated examples of united action by several or
many American republics in favor of peace, by urg-
ing cool and reasonable, instead of excited and bel-
ligerent, treatment of international controversy,
cannot fail to promote the growth of a general
public opinion among the American nations which
will elevate the standards of international action,
strengthen the sense of international duty among
governments, and tell In favor of the peace of
mankind. „ ,

I have Just returned from a trip to Panama and
shall report to you at length later on the whole
subject of the Panama Canal.

The Algeclras convention, which
Convention was signed by the United States

- as well as by most of the powers

"' of Europe, supersedes the pre-

AlKeclriiN vlous convention of 1880. which

was also signed both by the
United States and a majority of the European pow-
ers This treaty confers- upon us equal com-
mercial rights with all European countries
and does not entail a single obligation of
any kind upon us, and I earnestly hope it
may be speedily ratified. To refuse to rat-
ify it would merely mean that we forfeited our
commercial rights in Morocco and would not
achieve another object of any kind. In the event
of such refusal we would be left for the first time
in 120 years without any commercial treaty with
Morocco: and this at a time when we are every-
where seeking new markets and outlets tor trade.

The destruction of the Pribilof
BarbaroiiM Islands fur seals by pelagic

i>»i«<rio sealing still continues. The

" herd which according to the sur-

Seallng veys made in 1874 by direction

of the Congress, numbered
4,700,000, and which, according to the survey of
both American and Canadian commissioners in
1891, amounted to 1,000,000, has now been reduced
to about 180,000. This result has been brought
about by Canadian and some other sealing vessels
killing the female seals while in the water during
their annual pilgrimage to and from the South,
or in search of food. As a rule the female seal
when killed is pregnant, and also has an un-
weaned pup on land, so that, for each skin taken
by pelagic sealing, as a rule, three lives are de-
stroyed— the mother, the unborn offspring, and the
nursing pup, which is left to starve to death.

No damage whatever is done to the herd by the
carefully regulated killing on land; the custom

THE PANDEX

111

of pelagic sealing is solely responsible lor all of
the present evil, and is alike Indefensible from the
economic standpoint and from the standpoint of
humanity.

In 1896 over 16,000 young seals were found dead
from starvation on the Pribilof Islands, In 1897
it was estimated that since pelagic sealing began
upward of 400,000 adult female seals had been
killed at sea, and over 300,000 young seals had
died of starvation as the result. The revolting
barbarity of such a practice, as well as the waste-
ful destruction which it Involves, needs no demon-
stration and Is its own condemnation. The Ber-
ing Sea tribunal, which sat in Paris in 1893 and
which decided against the claims of the United
States to exclusive jurisdiction in the waters of
Bering Sea and to a property right in the fur
seals when outside of the three-mile limit, deter-
mined also upon certain regulations which the
tribunal considered sufficient for the proper pro-
tection and preservation of the fur seal in, or
habitually resorting to, the Bering Sea. The tri-
bunal by its regulations established a close season,
from the 1st of May to the 31st of July, and ex-
cluded all killing in the waters within sixty miles
around the Pribilof Islands.

They also provided that the reg-

ReKnlntioDH ulations which they had deter-

Are mined upon, with a view to the

._„j„ , protection and preservation of

inatleqnate ^^le seals, should be submitted
every five years to new exam-
inations, so as to enable both Interested govern-
ments to consider whether, in the light of past
experience, there was occasion for any modification
thereof.

The regulations have proved plainly inadequate
to accomplish the object of protection and pres-
ervation of the fur seals, and for a long time this
government has been trying in vain to secure from
Great Britain such revision and modification of the
regulations as were contemplated and provided
for by the award of the tribunal of Paris.

The process of destruction has been accelerated
during recent years by the appearance of a number
of Japanese vessels engaged in pelagic sealing.
As these vessels have not been bound even by the
Inadequate limitations prescribed by the tribunal
of Paris, they have paid no attention either to the
close season or to the sixty-mile limit imposed
upon the Canadians, and have prosecuted their
work up to the very islands themselves. On July
16 and 17 the crews from several Japanese vessels
made raids upon the island of St. Paul, and before
they were beaten off by the very meager and in-
sufficiently armed guard they succeeded in killing
several hundred seals and carrying olT the skins
of most of them. Nearly all the seals killed were
females and the work was done with frightful bar-
barity. Many of the seals appear to have been
skinned alive and many were found half skinned
and still alive.

The raids were repelled only by the use of fire-
arms, and five of the raiders were killed, two were
wounded, and twelve captured. Including the two
wounded. Those captured have since been tried
and sentenced to imprisonment. An attack of this
kind had been wholly unlocked for. but such pro-
visions of vessels, arms, and ammunition ■will now
be made that its repetition will not be found profit-
able.

Suitable representations regarding the Incident
have been made to the government of Japan, and
we are assured that all practicable measures will
be taken by that country to prevent any recurrence
of the outrage. On our part the guard on the
Island will be increased and better equipped and
organized, and a better revenue-cutter patrol ser-
vice about the islands will be established. Next
season a United States war vessel will also be sent
there.

We have not relaxed our efforts to secure an
agreement with Great Britain for adequate pro-
tection of the seal herd, and negotiations with
Japan for the same purpose are in progress.

The laws for the protection of the seals within
the jurisdiction of the United States need revision
and amendment. Only the islands of St. Paul and
St. George are now. In terms. Included In the gov-
ernment reservation, and the other islands are also
to be included.

The landing of aliens as well as
Outline citizens upon the islands, with-

, out a permit from the Depart-

ment of Commerce and Labor,
New Rules jq^ any purpose except in case
of stress of weather or for wa-
ter, should be prohibited under adequate penalties.

The approach of vessels for the excepted purposes
should be regulated. The authority of the govern-
ment agents on the islands should be enlarged, and
the chief agent should have the powers of a com-
mitting magistrate. The entrance of a vessel into
the territorial waters surrounding the islands with
intent to take seals should be made a criminal
offense and cause of forfeiture. Authority for
seizures In such cases should be given and the
presence on any such vessels of seals or sealskins,
or the paraphernalia for taking them, should be
made prima facie evidence of such Intent. I rec-
ommend what legislation is needed to accomplish
these ends, and I commend to your attention the
report of Mr. Sims, of the Department of Com-
merce and Labor, on this subject.

In case we are compelled to abandon the hope of
making arrangements with other governments to
put. an end to the hideous cruelty now Incident to
pelagic sealing. It will be a question for your
serious consideration how far we should continue
to protect and maintain the seal herd on land with
the result of continuing such a practice, and
whether it is not better to end the practice by ex-
terminating the herd ourselves in the most humane
way possible.

In my last message I advised
Seeond y" that the Emperor of Russia

Hnirii^ had taken the Initiative in

niibue bringing about a second peace

Conference conference at The Hague. Under
the guidance of Russia the ar-
rangement of the preliminaries for such a confer-
ence have been progressing during the past year.
Progress has necessarily been slow, owing to the
great number of countries to be consulted upon
every question that has arisen. It is a matter of
satisfaction that all of the American republics
have now, for the first time, been invited to join
in the proposed conference.

The close connection between the subjects to be
taken up by the Red Cross Conference held at
Geneva last summer, and the subjects which natu-
rally would come before The Hague conference
made it apparent that It was desirable to have the
work of the Red Cross conference completed and
considered by the different powers before the meet-
ing at The Hague. The Red Cross conference
ended its labors on the 6th day of July, and the
revised and amended convention, which "was signed
by the American delegates, will be promptly laid
before the Senate.

By the special and highly appreciated courtesy
of the governments of Russia and the Netherlands
a proposal to call The Hague conference together
at a time which would conflict with the conference
of the American republics at Rio de Janeiro in
August was laid aside. No other date has yet been
suggested. A tentative program for the conference
has been proposed by the government of Russia,
and the subjects %vhlch it enumerates are undergo-
ing careful examination and consideration in prep-
aration for the conference.

It must be kept In mind that
HtshteouHneaM war Is not merely justifiable, but
, Imperative, upon honorable

men, upon an honorable nation.
Pence where peace can only be ob-

tained by the sacrifice of con-
scientious conviction or of national welfare. Peace
is normally a great good, and normally it coin-
cides with righteousness, but it Is righteous-
ness and not peace, which should ' bind the
consciences of a nation as it should bind the
conscience of an Individual, and neither a na-
tion nor an individual can surrender conscience to
another's keeping. Neither can a nation, which
is an entity, and which does not die as individuals
die, refrain from taking thought for the interest
of the generations that are to come, no less than
for the Interest of the generations of to-day, and
no public men have a right, whether from short-
sightedness, from selfish indifference, or from sen-
timentality, to sacrifice national Interests which
are vital in character. A just war is. In the long
run, far better for a nation's soul than the most
prosperous peace obtained by acquiescence In
wrong or Injustice. Moreover, though it is criminal
for a nation not to prepare for war, so that it may
escape the dreadful consequences of being defeated
in war, yet it must always be remembered that
even to be defeated in war may be far better than
not to have fought at all. As has been well and
finely said, a beaten nation is not necessarily a
dis'graced nation, but the nation or man Is dis-
graced if the obligation to defend right is shirked.
We should, as a nation, do everything in our

112

THE PANDEX

power for the cause of honorable peace. It is
morally as Indefensible for a nation to commit a
wrong upon another nation, strong or weak, as
for an individual thus to wrong his fellows. We
should do all in our power to hasten the day when
there shall be peace among the nations — a peace
based upon Justice and not upon cowardly submis-
sion to wrong. We can accomplish a good deal in
this direction, but we cannot accomplish everything,
and the penalty of attempting to do too much would
almost inevitably be to do worse than nothing; for
it must be remembered that fantastic extremists
are not in reality leaders of the causes which they
espouse, but are ordinarily those who do most to
hamper the real leaders of the cause and to dam-
age the cause itself. As yet there is no likelihood
of establishing any kind of international power,
of whatever sort, which can effectively check
wrongdoing, and in these circumstances it would
be both a foolish and an evil thing for a great
and free nation to deprive itself of the power to
protect its own rights, and even In exceptional
cases to stand up for the rights of others. Nothing
would more promote iniquity, nothing would fur-
ther defer the reign upon earth of peace and right-
eousness, than for the free and enlightened people
which, though with much stumbling and many
shortcomings, nevertheless strive toward justice,
deliberately to render themselves powerless while
leaving every despotism and barbarism armed and
able to work their wicked will. The chance for
the settlement of disputes peacefully, by arbitra-
tion, now depends mainly upon the possession by
the nations that mean to do right of sufficient
armed strength to make their purpose effective.

The United States navy is the
Jfnvy surest guarantor of peace which

r'iini-<.nt».> 'h'^ country possesses. It is
uunrnniee earnestly to be wished that we
o( Peace would profit by the teachings of

history in this matter. A strong
and wise people ^vill study its own failures no less
than its triumphs, for there is wisdom to be learned
from the study of both, of the mistake as well as
of the success. For this purpose notliing could be
more instructive than a rational study of the War
of 1812. as it is told, for instance, by Captain Ma-
han. There was only one way in which that war
could have been avoided. If, during the preceding
t'welve years, a navy relatively as strong as that
which this country now has had been built up, and
an army provided relatively as good as that which
the country now has, there never would have been
the slightest necessity of fighting the war; and
if the necessity had arisen the war w^ould, under
such circumstances, have ended with our speedy
and overwhelming triumph; but our people during
those twelve years refused to make any prepara-
tions whatever regarding either the army or the
navy. They saved a million or two of dollars by
so doing; and in mere money paid a hundred fold
for each million they thus saved during the three
years of war which followed — a war which brought
untold suffering upon our people, which at one
time threatened the gravest national disaster, and
which, in spite of the necessity of waging it,
resulted merely in what was in effect a drawn
battle, while the balance of defeat and triumph
was almost even,

I do not ask that we continue to increase our
navy, I ask merely that it be maintained at its
present strength; and this can be done only if we
replace the obsolete and outworn ships by new
and good ones, the equals of any afloat in any
navy. To stop building ships for one year means
that for that year the navy goes back instead of
forward. The old battle-ship Texas, for instance,
would now be of little service in a stand-up fight
with a powerful adversary. The old double-turret
monitors have outworn tlieir usefulness, while it
was a waste of money to build the modern single-
turret monitors. All of these ships should be
replaced by others; and this can be done by a well-
settled program of providing for the building each
year of at least one first-class battle ship equal
in size and speed to any that any nation is at the
same time building; the armament presumably to
consist of as large a number as possible of very
heavy guns of one caliber, together with smaller
guns to repel torpedo attack; while there should
be heavy armor, turbine engines, and, in short,
every modern device. Of course, from time" to
time cruisers, colliers, torpedo-boat destroyers, or
torpedo boats, will have to be built also. All this.

be it remembered, would not increase our navy
but would merely keep it at its present strength'
Equally, of course, the ships will be absolutely use-
less if the men aboard them are not so trained
that they can get the best possible service out of
the formidable but delicate and complicated mech-
anisms intrusted to their care.

The marksmanship of our men
Great has so improved during the last

In Ave years that I deem it within

„ , ^, bounds to say that the navy is

Markomanxhlp more than twice as efficient, ship
for ship, as half a decade ago.
The navy can only attain proper efficiency if
enough officers and men are provided, and if these
officers and men are given the chance (and re-
quired to take advantage of it) to stay continually
at sea and to exercise the fleets singly and above
all in squadron, the exercise to be of every kind
and to include unceasing practice at the guns, con-
ducted under conditions that will test marksman-
ship in time of war.

In both the army and the navy there is urgent
need that everything possible should be done to
maintain the highest standard for the personnel,
alike as regards the officers and the enlisted men.
I do not believe that in any service there is a finer
body of enlisted men and of junior officers than
we have in both the army and the navy, including
the marine corps. All possible encouragement to
the enlisted men should be given, in pay and other-
wise, and everything practicable should be done to
render the service attractive to men of the right
type. They should be held to the strictest dis-
charge of their duty, and in them a spirit should
be encouraged which demands not the mere per-
formance of duty, but the performance of far more
than duty, if it conduces to the honor and the
interest of the American nation; and in return the
amplest consideration should be theirs.

West Point and Annapolis al-

Calla for ready turn out excellent officers.

. , . ^ We do not need to have these

fisntins schools made more scholastic. On

Men the contrary, we should never

lose siglit of the fact that the

aim of each school is to turn out a man who shall

be, above everything else, a fighting man. In the

army, in particular, it is not necessary that either

the cavalry or infantry officer should have special

mathematical ability. Probably in both schools

the best part of the education is the liigh standard

of character and of professional morale which it

confers.

But in both services there is urgent need for
the establishment of a principle of selection which
will eliminate men after a certain age if they
can not be promoted from the subordinate ranks,
and which will bring into the higher ranks fewer
men, and these at an earlier age. This principle of
selection will be objected to by good men of medi-
ocre capacity who are fitted to do well while
young in the lower positions, but who are not
fitted to do well when at an advanced age
they come into positions of command and of
great responsibility. But the desire of these
men to be promoted to positions which they are
not competent to fill should not weigh against the
interests of the navy and the country. At present
our men, especially In the navy, are kept far too
long in the junior grades, and then, at much too
advanced an age, are put quickly through the
senior grades, often not attaining to these senior
grades until they are too old to be of real use
in them; and if they are of real use, being put
through them so quickly that little benefit to the
navy comes from their having been in them at all.

The navy has one great advan-
Advantage tage over the army in the fact

( jl,^ that the officers of high rank

are actually trained in the con-
Navy tinual performance of their du-
ties; that is. in the management
of the battle ships and armored cruisers gathered
into fleets. This is not true of the army officers,
who rarely have corresponding chances to exercise
command over troops under service conditions.
The conduct of the Spanish War showed the la-
mentable loss of life, the useless extravagance,

THE PANDEX

113

and the InefBciency certain to result if. during
peace, tiie high officials of the War and Navy De-
partments are praised and rewarded only If they
save money at no matter what cost to the "efficiency
of the service, and if the higher officers are given
no chance whatever to exercise and practice com-
mand. For years prior to the Spanish War the
secretaries of war were praised chleflv if they prac-
ticed economy; which economy, especially In con-
nection with the quartermaster, commissary, and
medical departments, was directly responsible for
most of the mismanagement that occurred in the
war itself — and parenthetically be it observed that
the very people who clamored for the misdirected
economy in the first place were foremost to de-
nounce the mismanagement, loss, and suffering
which were primarily due to this same misdirected
economy and to the lack of preparation it Involved.
There should soon be an Increase in the number of
men for our coast defenses; these men should be of
the right type and properly trained; and there
should therefore be an increase of pay for certain
grades, especially in the coast artillery.

Money
for .\riny
Miineuvers

Money should be appropriated
to permit troops to be massed
in body and exercised in ma-
neuvers, particularly In march-
ing. Such exercise during the
summer Just past has been of
incalculable benefit to the army, and should under
no circumstances be discontinued. If. on these
practice marches and In these maneuvers, elderly
officers prove unable to bear the strain, they should
be retired at once, for the fact is conclusive as to
their unfitness for war; that is. for the only pur-
pose because of which they should be allowed to
stay In the service. It Is a real misfortune to have
scores of small company or regimental posts scat-
tered thruout the country; the army should
be gathered In a few brigade or division posts,
and the generals should be practiced In handling
men in masses. Neglect to provide for all this
means to Incur the risk of future disaster and
disgrace.

The readiness and efficiency of both the army
and navy in dealing with the recent sudden crisis
in Cuba illustrate afresh their value to the nation.
This readiness and efficiency would have been very
much less had it not been for the existence of the

general staff In the army and the general board
in the navy; both are essential to the proper devel-
opment and use of our military forces afloat and
ashore. The troops that were sent to Cuba were
handled flawlessly. It was the swiftest mobiliza-
tion and dispatch of troops over sea ever accom-
plished by our government. The expedition landed
completely equipped and ready for Immediate ser-
vice, several of its organizations hardly remain-
ing In Havana over night before splitting up into
detachments and going to their several posts. It
was a fine demonstration of the value and effi-
ciency of the general staff.

Cubnn
CrisiM
Well Met

Similarly, it was owing In large
part to the general board that
the navy was able at the outset
to meet the Cuban crisis with
such instant efficiency; ship af-
ter ship appearing on the short-
est notice at any threatened point, while tlie Ma-
rine Corps in particular performed indispensable
service.

The army and navy war colleges are of incalcu-
lable value to the two services, and they co-oper-
ate with constantly increasing efficiency and Im-
portance.

The Congress has most wisely provided for a
national board for the promotion of rifle practice.
Excellent results have already come from this law.
but it does not go far enough. Our regular army
is so small that In any great war we should have
to trust mainly to volunteers; and In such event
these volunteers should already know how to
shoot; for If a soldier has the fighting edge, and
ability to take care of himself In the open, his
efficiency on the line of battle is almost directly
proportionate to excellence in marksmanship. We
should establish shooting galleries in all the large
public and military schools, should maintain na-
tional target ranges in different parts of the
country, and should in every way encourage the
formation of rifle clubs thruout all parts of the
land. The little republic of Switzerland offers us
an excellent example In all matters connected with
building up an efficient citizen soldiery.

THEODORE ROOSEVELT.
The White House, December 3, 1906.

114

THE PANDEX

Skating Feature in a Recent Musical Comedy.

-New York World.

DRAMATIZING THE TIMES

PLAYWRIGHTS TRANSFERRING THE PASSIONS AND MOTIVES OF
THE HOUR TO THE STAGE— REACTION FROM THE FLIP-
PANT TO THE SERIOUS.— SOME INSPIRING INCIDENTS
FROM ACTUAL LIFE.

WHILE such dramatists as Bernard
Shaw are calling the attention of the
v.orld to the fact that any comprehensive
social reformation is probably impossible
vdthout the framing of some new religioiis
principles that shall touch the deeper im-
pulses of human nature, the sphere of the
drama itself progresses steadily toward an
apparently parallel conviction. Surfeited
with the flippant and having passed pretty
well thru what might be called its
"Romance" period of experiment and quest,
the stage begins to settle down into a serious
effort to reflect the spirit of its own times.
And the times, indeed, afford an abun-
dance of material, intense, graphic, absorbing

as one may readily observe by running thru
the alternating human incidents and dra-
matic criticisms which follow herewith :

LOVE, LABOR, AND CAPITAL

Charles Klein Uses Them in a Successor to
Lion and the Mouse."

'The

Charles Klein, for example, who made a
brilliant success with his dramatization of
the modern business man in the play called
'The Lion and the Mouse," has essayed
another portrayal which deals intimately
with characters and situations thoroly
familiar to the popular mind of the day.
Said Alan Dale in the New York American :

THE PANDEX

115

Labor and Capital made to assume the sweet
juxtaposition of Montague and Capulet — the
leader of men as the Romeo and the sweet capi-
talistic girl as the Juliet— give to Mr. Charles
Klein's "Daughters of Men," at the Astor The-
ater, a somewhat ponderous significance. Fo.-
you find yourself so moiled and broiled with fed-
erated companies, federated brotherhoods,
skilled mechanics, interstate combinations. Wall
Street, the money market, and the branches of
labor, that it is hard work to keep a tab on
such mere triviality as the tender passion. You
feel that you are munching editorials, inhaling
tracts, making a dash into the science of polit-
ical economy, sniffing at economics, and doing
dozens of very worthy things. But they are
the worthy things you generally get done before
you go to the theater.

Oh, the illusion of the playhouse, with its ro-
mance and its lift from the too serious topics of
the hour! At the Astor Theater last night one
realized in "The Daughters of Men" that Mr.
Klein said many extremely good things; that his
political views appeared to have been studied ;
that he took a logical view of labor and a logical
view of capital ; that the heroic Stedman, accused
of being a freethinker and an agitator, had the
elements of all correct stage heroes ; that the shim-
mering blonde thing in pale blue whom he loved
and who went to his rooms at dead of night (as
per usual) to ask him to call off the strike and
save her family from ruin was, after all, an
attractive heroine.

Still one could not disentangle the love theme
of the twain from the political ragout in which
it wallowed. It was like looking for a love story
in the Congressional Record or the Telephone
Book. It was culling sweet romance in a diction-
ary, or scenting poesy in a gazetteer. In fact,
it was an arduous though not wholly impossible
task. The sincerity of the play itself told con-
siderably in its favor. Sincerity in the drama
has a great charm of its own. Those who de-
clined to invest Mr. Klein's political play with
as much human interest as it may have possessed
must at any rate admit its sincerity. That sin-
cerity never let up for one moment.

Stedman, the labor hero, was sincere in every-
thing he said and did. Sincerity oozed through
his fine white teeth. He was sincere to his
cause, sincere to his girl, sincere to his friends,
sincere to his enemies. So was the shimmering
She in pale blue. I'm sorry to say that one
longed for just one touch of insincerity in the
feminine element of the play. Yes, one longed
for it.

Then there was the creature of impulse, born
in anarchy and exuding all sorts of sweet, un-
girlish sentiments. She, too, was sincere. Pos-
sibly she has her prototype in this city — probably
you could name that prototype — but it was not
in her sincerity that she convinced last night.
Louise, in the comedy moments that followed her
first entrance, was delightful. She was the kind-
est thing that happened in "The Daughters of
Men." Then the sincerity got in and did its

fell work. Louise hurled denunciations, exhaled
vituperation, and sank to the level of her asso-
ciates.

A curious play, "The Daughters of Men."
Not for an instant is it trashy or inconsequent;
not for a moment is it light or flippant. It is
dealing all the time with truths, and vital truths.
It is saying things that right-minded people say
and think. But — unfortunately — right-minded
people do not always say and think them when
they are viewing a drama. Mr. Klein's play is
too good, too thoughtful, too missionary, too un-
relenting in its object, to preachy and too deter-
mined to impress us into the right way of life.
It is an extremely worthy defect — if any defect
may be called worthy.

DRAMA OF LOVE AND POLITICS

Broadhurst's "The Man of the Hour" Deals

Entertainingly with City Affairs.
Another play, similar in personnel and
purport .to that of Mr. Klein's, is described
in the New York Times as follows :

A youthful mayor who can not be bribed or
intimidated, a financier who wants to get control
of a street railway franchise in perpetuity, and a
pair of political bosses who are at odds with
each other and who are fighting to gain suprem-
acy in their organization — these are the chief
characters in George Broadhurst's play, "The
Man of the Hour," which was seen for the first
time at the Savoy Theater.

Given the further fact that the young mayor
loves the financier's niece, that his opposition to
the railway deal will involve her fortune, which
has been invested in the stock, and any one may
easily get at the heart of what it required four
acts to adjust. Less time might have been ex-
pended in solving the issues. But in justice to
Mr. Broadhurst it must be said that a good deal
of very fair enjoyment would have been sacri-
ficed thereby.

"The Man of the Hour" is virile melodrama.
It is best in its scenes of political juggling, but
there is a vein of good fun, and occasionally of
the genuine humor of character contrast running
pleasantly through the whole. It contains three
or four highly amusing figures, and has three or
four situations that are theatrically intense.
And though one may have guessed for a moment
at the outset that the financier's private secre-
tary, who is eventually to betray him into the
hands of his enemies, is none other than the son
of the man whom he (the financier) ruined so
many years before, so much will have happened
before that denouement comes that the point
will be made with nearly as much effectiveness
as if it had not all been skilfully planned for
in advance.

As a matter of fact, there is a good deal of
ingenuity exhibited in Mr. Broadhurst's play,
skill in composition and in arrangement. He di.s-

116

THE PANDEX

plays constructive cleverness, and he has written
some excellent natural dialogue. And several
capital actors play the principal character roles
and lend the value of excellent service to the
play. Of its kind, it is the most entertaining
seen in several seasons.

GOSSIP COSTS FOUR LIVES

Man's Attack on Woman's Good Name Causes
Murder and Three Suicides.
While such dramatists as the above are
reaching the public ear and eye with the
plays of intimate human passion, there Ijap-
pens such tragedy as the following in real
life. The item is from the Chicago Record-
Kerald:

Owosso, Mich. — The slighting words of one
man concerning the honor of a neighbor's wife
have cost the lives of four persons in West Haven
township within the last five days. Mrs. Burt
A. Seeley, the woman of whom the words were
spoken, and her husband, who was suspected of
the murder of Edwin Edgar, the woman 's ac-
cuser, committed suicide last night. Edgar was
murdered last Wednesday. Mrs. Melvin Haugh-
ton was the fourth victim. Her mind became
unsettled by the strain of Edgar's murder, and
Thursday she drank acid.

The bodies of Seeley and his wife were found
in bed this morning. The husband's arm was'
about his wife. A bottle of strychnine, from
which they had taken large quantities, was on
a stand by the bed. Pinned to the cover of the
stand were these notes :

"To-night, to-night is our last. Don't blame
Dewev. Good-by, good-bv, mother.

"B. A. Seeley."

"Good-by, father, mother, and everybody;
Burt and I have taken poison. Take our things
and do as you have a mind to with them, and
above all things don't put any blame on Dewey's
shoulders or anyone else. We alone E^re respon-
sible. Your daughter,

"Lottie."

Dewey is Burt Seeley 's brother.

Seeley and Edgar lived within a quarter of
a mile of each other from childhood, attending
the same country school and settling down on
farms on the same road. As they grew up, their
pathways drew apart. Edgar had the reputation
of being a model young man, while Seeley was
wild.

The first open quarrel between the two oc-
curred one Sunday late in September, when they
met in the woods. Seeley declared his mother
had said Edgar was making threats to "do him
up."

"Then your mother is a liar," Edgar replied.

The altercation grew. Then Edgar one day
made the remark which is believed to have caused

his death. To another man he asserted that Mrs.
Seeley was unfaithful to her husband.

The story reached the ears of Seeley and his
wife. Both were infuriated, and it is believed
by many that Mrs. Seeley urged her husband,
whom she seems to have dominated in all his acts,
that he avenge the attack upon her name. Edgar
was ambushed at night on a lonely road and
shot to death.

At first the police were at a loss to solve the
murder mystery. Then they learned of the old
enmity between Seeley and Edgar. Seeley and
his wife were summoned to appear at the in-
quest. The inquiry was set for an early day.
Circumstantial evidence, so strong that
Seeley apparently believed he could not escape,
was uncovered.

It was then the determination of the man and
wife to end their lives and the woman's control
over her husband was apparent. The note written
by her is in firm, clear writing. Seeley 's hand-
writing is wavering and betrays the agitation
under which he was laboring. From the condi-
tion of the stomachs of the man and wife, too,
it was apparent that Seeley had eaten no supper,
while the woman, calm and determined, to the
last, had had a substantial meal.

FORGETS CASTELLANE CASE

Paris Society Finds a New Sensation Keener
Than Count Boni's.

In France, where life has never been lack-
ing in food for the dramatic imagination,
there is such an incident as the following to
recall the Castellane case and to encourage
the playwright toward the composition of a
v/ork that will adequately portray both the
satire and the pathos of the foreign-
American marriages. Said the New York
American :

Paris. — Rivalling the widespread interest dis-
played by the gay set of Paris in the Count
Boni de Castellane divorce proceedings is that
in the coming hearing of the Le Bargy divorce
case. The rush of applications for seats in the
court is unprecedented. Madame Le Bargy has
been thrust before the public not only as an
actress of great talent, but also for the attention
which she received from the son of Casimer-
Perier, a former president of the republic. It
is concerning this affair that the suit has come
about.

Madame Simone Le Bargy, wife of the cele-
brated actor, was at the height of her histrionic
success in June as the heroine of Bernstein 's
"La Rafale," when the production came to a
sudden end. The star and her impetuous young
admirer of twenty-three had fled to London,
away from her husband, who is the idol of the
French matinee. The Ex-president followed to

T HE P A N D E X

117

BEFORE AND

The way a franc looked to Boni when he was
in close touch with the Gould cash box. (Arrow
shows franc.)

AFTER.

The way a franc looks to Boni since the en-
tente cordiale between himself and the cash box
has been disturbed. (Arrow shows Boni.)

— Chicago Tribune.

entreat his son to return to France and became
himself enamored of the charms of the beauty.
The injured husband sought in vain to win her
back, and got the answer from her, "It matters
little whom one lives with. Life is boring any-
way. ' '

Admission to French divorce trials is by in-
vitation only, the lawyers and judges giving out
the tickets. In this instance there will be far
too few cards to go around. Casimer-Perier was
the richest and, after Carnot, the most distin-
guished and polished of French presidents.

RABBI UPHOLDS A PLAY

Indianapolis Jewish Preacher Approves the
Dramatic Satire of Shaw.
That Bernard Shaw was not entirely apart
from the thought of his times is suggested

iri the following from the Chicago Inter-
Ocean :

Cleveland, Ohio. — In a sermon on "Shifting
Standards of Morality" at the Wilson Avenue
Temple, Rabbi N. Feurliclit of Indianapolis de-
clared that the Shaw comedy, "Man and Super-
man," is an incisive indictment against moral
standards of the time. He said that it was folly
to plead not guilty to the charges the play makes
as too many of them are true.

As an illustration of what is termed that staid
and sometimes cowardly morality of the day, at
which Shaw takes a fling in his play. Rabbi Feur-
licht cited the case of Maxim Gorky, Russian
novelist, who was given so chilly a reception in
America when the claim was made by a hotel-
keeper that his companion was not his legal wife.

"He came upon a special errand, a great polit-
ical and humanitarian mission," said Rabbi

118

THE PANDEX

Feurlicht. "We welcomed him with loud ac-
claim.

"The aristocracy of wealth and culture of the
land admired and fawned upon him. Newspapers
exalted and praised him. But suddenly all this
ceased. A hotel-keeper in New York, representa-
tive and guardian of our twentieth century mo-
rality, refused to receive the novelist. His com-
panion, it was said, was not his legal wife. All
at onee the great emissary of freedom was
dropped as an unclean thing into the gutter.
Praise was turned into abuse ; admiration into
vituperation. Society which had fondled him
closed the doors upon him.

"Maxim Gorky had been wedded, but the
couple disagreed. A divorce was impossible in
Russia, so each lived apart and each remarried,
his wife even before he. Gorky selected as his
wife one of the most reputable and brilliant
women of Russia.

"We, apparently a just and reasonable people,
were eager to show our respectability. To do
so we sacrificed the two eternal principles of
righteousness and justice — righteousness in that
we failed to search for the truth, and justice in
that we neglected a transcendent opportunity
to rescue a suffering people from aristocratic
bondage.

"It is just that sort of conduct against which
'Man and Superman' is aimed. Because of our
conventional standards we are all more or less
prudes. ' '

MUD-RAKES MEDICAL PROFESSION

"Sick Doctor Is Most Tragic Thing in World,"
Says Playwright.

If there was a time in England when the
honored practices of the medical profession
were made the butt of keen sarcasm by
Charles Reade, it is not inconceivable, from
the following item from the Chicago Inter-
Ocean, that a present-day satirist like Shaw
may again aim shafts at the medicists and
their ways :

London. — Here is some of the talk in George
Bernard Shaw's play, "The Doctor's Dilemma":

"Most medical discoveries are made every lif-
teen years regularly."

"The most tragic thing in the world is a sick
doctor. He is like a bald-headed man trying to
sell a hair restorer."

"We would be far healthier if every chem-
ist's shop in England were demolished."

"What is a surgical operation? Only manual
labor."

"I don't believe in morality. I am a disciple
of Bernard Shaw."

"It shows want of taste to speak about death,
especially in the presence of a medical man."

"If you knew as much as I about the ignorance
and superstition of patients you would wonder
at doctors being as honest as they are."

The play is very successful, although the
critics agree that it is not a play at all, only a
discourse a la Shaw in three acts and an epilogue.

The chief problem the play offers for discus-
sion is, of course: "Was the doctor right?"
but this is only one of the questions raised in
the play's course. "Should widows marry
again?" "Ought artists be honest?" "Do doe-
tors know anything?" "Should children be vac-
cinated ? " "Is the vivisection of dogs justifi-
able?" are a few others.

A JAPANESE DREAM PLAY

Invited Audience Sees Fuji-Ko at the Garden
Theater in New York.

Sooner of later, of course, some dramatist
i^J going to be able to rise to the treatment
of race antagonisms, such as are now current
between certain people of the United States
and the Japanese, and between the whites
and negroes. Meantime there is the follow-
ing incident, as described in the New York
Times, to show the extent to which drama is
extra-racial and extra-territorial :

Fuji-Ko, rejoicing othenvise in the title, "The
Lady of the Wistarias," appeared before an in-
vited audience at the Garden Theater recently in a
so-called Japanese dream play, which proved to be
one part monologue, very poorly written, with
one part moving pictures, and a tiny bit of
Japanese dancing which added the one pleasing
touch of variety to the whole. According to a
note on the program the play is founded on the
Japanese belief that the spirits of dead soldiers
return at twilight — when the "honorable bugle
calls them home — to guide the hands, to keep
true the hearts of their countrymen."

Goruku-Tanaka, having been called to war, and
supposedly among the dead, his little wife,
0-Tsuri-San, in order to support herself and
"the Baby," adopts the profession of Geisha.
She tells in a long story the various incidents of
her life past and present, with frequent pauses
in the recital, while badly painted biograph pic-
tures are shown supposedly illustrating the inci-
dents. The whole is accompanied by music,
which someliow fails to always seem appropriate,
though it is credited on the program to Mr.
Paul Bevan, M. A. F. S. A., Honorable Secretary,
"Japan Society," London.

Eventually 0-Tsuri-San burns incense before
an altar, prays for the return of her husband,
and he stands before her, a very substantial sort
of vision. He tells the Geisha that he is not a
dream, but a reality, her own husband come back,
and the curtain falls.

J\iji-Ko's dance with fans is pretty and un-
usual, but the rest of her performance is color-
less, insipid, and uninteresting.

THE PANDEX

119

RUSH! RUSH! RUSH! HERE COMES THE BOGIE MAN.

— New York American.

REALISM AT WORST IN BERLIN

Play a Succession of Horrors Which Rouse In-
dignation of the Audience.

Before passing into the realm of the
aitistic and the permanent, all forms of art
usually have to express themselves in the
most extreme terms of realism. The follow-
ing from the Philadelphia North American
i -. an instance in point :

Berlin. — Remarkable scenes took place at the
production of a drama entitled "Chevalier Blue-
beard," by Herr Herbert Eulenberg, at the Les-
sing Theater here recently.

The play surpasses anything that has liitherto

been presented to the theater-going public in the
way of downright sordid and horrible realism.

In the first act the horrified audience saw on
the stage a crypt in which lay the heads of five
wives already murdered by Bluebeard. The sec-
ond act represented a wedding banquet on the
stage, which is suddenly disturbed by the only
son of Bluebeard, who drinks until he falls into
delirium tremens, and then runs amuck, demol-
ishing everything within his reach. Suddenly,
after a most disgusting exhibition of drunken
delirium, he falls on his knees and says the
Lord's Prayer.

More Horrors.

The third act reveals Bluebeard murdering his
sixth wife. During the fourth act the burial of

120

THE PANDEX

the sixth wife takes place on the stage. There
is a coffin, with weeping relatives, and after the
funeral service the coffin is lowered into the grave
by ropes, the planks are removed and earth is
thi-own on the coffin.

The son, still in delirium tremens, hangs him-
self on a tree on the stage in full view of the
audience, and soon afterward the dead wife's sis-
ter drowns herself in despair.

The fifth act shows Bluebeard attempting to
murder his seventh and last wife. She escapes
from him, springs into the flames of his burning
castle and perishes, likewise in full view of the
audience. Her father and brother thereupon ap-
pear and kill Bluebeard without more ado.

This play is not intended to be melodramatic,
but an extremely modern realistic drama, the
Lessing Theater having long enjoyed the repu-
tation of being the home of one of the highest
forms of dramatic art.

The audience began to hoot, shout, and hiss in
the third act, and general indignation rose by
degrees until a perfect storm broke out in the
last act. The spectators shouted: "This is dis-
gusting!" "This is a scandal!" "This is pro-
fane!" "Stop it!"

Loud hoots and hisses at times made the actors
almost inaudible, and many persons rose in their
places and shook their fists at the actors and
actresses, gesticulating wildly with righteous in-
dignation.

Most critics condemn the play, but a few
praise it as revealing wonderful talent.

COURTED BY MAIL EIGHT YEARS

Trenton Co-ed Will Journey Alone to the Philip-
pines to Wed Her Soldier.

Here is another of the incidents of real
romance that serve to keep up the imagina-
tion of the playwrights. It is from the New-
York World :

Trenton, N. J. — A romance of two former
co-eds in the state schools here will have a happy
climax in a wedding in the Philippines. The
principals are Miss Florence Wilkinson Watson,
daughter of John Watson, a Trenton business
man of prominence, and Lieutenant William T.
Butler, a former resident of Morrisville, Pa., now
serving in the United States Army in the Philip-
pines.

The bride-elect will travel alone across the con-
tinent and by steamship to the Philippines, and
upon her arrival in Manila the ceremony will be
performed.

Miss Watson has not seen her sweetheart in
eight years. In that time he had done all his
courting by mail. She was only a school girl
when he left home to join Uncle Sam's forces in
the war with Spain, but at his request she prom-
ised to write to him.

Cupid kept a watchful eje on the mails and

for eight years letters between the couple were
very regular. Recently there was a proposal
from the soldier and an acceptance by the girl.
Lieutenant Butler could not leave his post of
duty, even to be married, and so his bride will go
to him. She says she is not afraid to make tlie
long journey alone.

The bridegroom-to-be is a self-made officer.
He entered the service as a private. Miss Wat-
son will start for the Philippines as soon as she
can get her trousseau ready.

WOMAN LASHED TO WHEEL

Brings the Gold Hunter to Machias, Maine, After
a Terrible Experience.
The following, from the Indianapolis
News, is likely some day to find its way into
the melodrama :

Machias, Me. — To the heroic fortitude of the
captain's wife, Mrs. Frank McGuire, who stood
lashed to the wheel during the severe gale that
swept the New England coast from Sunday, No-
vember 11, to the following Wednesday, is due
largely the safety of the schooner Gold Hunter,
of Blue Hills, Me., which woiked her way into
this harbor, eleven days overdue from Portland.
The little vessel showed plainly the marks of the
storm. Her deck was swept clean and her sails
were in tatters, but the hull withstood the ter-
rific pounding it received.

The Gold Hunter, with Captain McGuire, his
wife, and one man for an assistant, left Port-
land, November 10, with a general cargo for this
port. November 11 the Gold Hunter made good
progress with clear weather until afternoon,
when the wind breezed up from the northeast
while the vessel was four miles off Peter Manan
light.

Split the Mainsail.

A sudden gust of wind split the mainsail of
the vessel and carried away the jibs. Without
her headsails the little schooner became unman-
ageable. The sea made up rapidly and the vessel
was continually smothered in the wash of the
combers. Mrs. McGuire was below at the time
the storm broke, preparing supper, but rushed
on deck and took the wheel while her husband
and his assistant went to work to bend on a fore-
sail so as to bring the vessel up to the wind.

W^ith the ei'aft wallowing wildly in the trough
of the sea this task was most difficult. With
great patience and consummate seamanship the
two men labored for hours to get their little rag
of sail set. while Mrs. McGuire, lashed to the
wheel, aided as well as she could by what little
steering was possible on the almost helpless
craft. Finally the foresail was rigged, double
reefed, and while the two men clung exhausted
to the mast, Mrs. McGuire brought the vessel
around head-up to the wind and held her there
for forty-eight hours.

THE PANDEX

121

Drifted Out to Sea.
Before the fury of the gale the vessel drifted
out to sea for ninety-six miles off Mount Desert
Rock. In all this time it was impossible to cook
food or even to heat any coffee. Kept up only
by excitement and pluck, Mrs. McGuire clung

with the helm "kicking" strongly to the wild
plunges of the ship, but the endurance of the
rugged north woman was equal to the test.

November 13 the gale abated, and the two
men rigged temporary sails before Mrs. McGuire
could be relieved from her post. All hands were

THE DUKE AND COUNT CLUB.

to her post through the height of the gale, while
Captain McGuire and his man attended to their
little storm sail, which continually broke from its
fastenings. It was a man's work at the wheel

exhausted with their struggles and exposure, and
under such scanty' canvas as could be set it was
hard and slow work bringing the Gold Hunter
into port, where she had been given up for lost.

122

THE PANDEX

CHANCE FREED HIM FROM PRISON

Man Who Procured His Conviction Twenty-three

Years Ago, Touched by Pity, Obtains

a Pardon from Governor.

Either melodrama or the sincere romance

ox human strife may take the following

from the New York World for its theme :

The circumstances that led to the release last
Monday of Guiseppe Guidici from life imprison-
ment in Auburn prison show what an important
factor chance is in the career of some men.
Twenty-four years ago a mere boy in intelligence
and experience came to this country from Italy.
Behind him he left his four-year-old sister Anna,
whom he promised to bring over as soon as he
had made enough money. Three months later
he was under sentence of death for the muVder
of a countrymen whom he shot in a quarrel. His
case at that time excited a great deal of sym-
pathy, and through the intercession of such well-
known persons as Judge Tracy, Henry Ward
Beecher, General Catlin, Judge Rapallo, and Mr.
and Mrs. Cantoni, of Brooklyn, David B. Hill,
then governor, commuted his sentence to life
imprisonment.

He was first taken to Sing Sing, where his
good behavior and quiet demeanor won him the
praise and confidence of the prison officials and
in 1890 he was transferred to Auburn. For
twenty years Guidici labored behind prison walls
utterly despairing that he would ever become a
free man again. Last February, however, by
strange chance. Justice Almet F. Jenks, of the
Appellate Division of the Supreme Court, who
in 1884, as assistant district attorney of Kings
Couiity, conducted the prosecution of Guidici,
met him in Auburn Prison.

A Strange Meeting.

The Justice, in company with Justice Nathan
L. Miller-, had gone to Rochester to attend a ban-
quet given to the justices of the Appellate Divi-
sion, and was the guest of Justice Rich, who sug-
gested a visit to the prison. It was Sunday, and
the warden in showing them around chanced to
call Guidici, who was near by, to bring him a
key. When the convict returned. Justice Jenks,
much impressed with the quiet demeanor of
Guidici, made inquiries about him.

When told the history of the man, the Justice
suddenly recalled that he had conducted his
prosecution. Questioning the warden still
further, he learned that of all trustworthy and
well-behaved convicts in the prison, Guidici was
the model. He had earned the confidence of the
warden and the keepers and for eleven years had
been a trusty with the freedom of the entire
prison. Justice Jenks was touched and calling
the prisoner to him said:

"Guidici, do you remember me? I was the
district attorney who sent you here."

"No, sir," replied the prisoner.

"Would you like to be free?" continued the
Justice.

"Yes, sir, I would," rejoined Guidici. "I am
contented here. They treat me very well, but I
would like to be free. I have been here so long —
twenty-three years," and bowed with grief the
convict hung his head while tears rolled down
his cheeks.

Justice Jenks was much affected and promised
Guidici that he would try to secure his pardon.
From that day he, as well as Judge Miller, la-
bored until they obtained a full pardon for Gui-
dici from Governor Higgins. But the kind-
hearted justices did not stop there. They wanted
to make the man's future as secure as possible,
and accordingly Guidici will leave in a parlor
coach on the New York Central Railroad for
Cortland, N. Y., where Justice Miller has a
farm. There work will be given Guidici for the
rest of his days.

CALLS LOVE A DREAM

Lecturer Says Race Will End in Madhouse if
Present Marriages Go On.

Occasionally the misanthrope appears in
actual life exactly as in the play. Here is a
recent instance, as given in the Chicago
Keeord-Herald :

' ' If the people of America would keep the com-
ing generations from inhabiting madhouses they
should abolish indiscriminate marriages, forget
that hallucination called love, and choose their
life partners on the same principle that a suc-
cessful cattleman chooses his stock."

In the above sentence Doctor Julius Grinker,
professor of nervous and mental diseases at the
Chicago Post Graduate Medical School, recently
voiced a warning to the American public of the
great dangers which may confront it in the near
future. He spoke in the Public Library Building
under the auspices of the Chicago Medical Soci-
ety on "American Nervousness, Its Cause and
Cure." A large audience listened to the address.

Doctor Grinker eliminated all scientific terms
from his lecture and told the audience in plain
words of the nervous diseases which were slowly
but surely eating their way into the lives of the
people of this country. Considerable stress was
laid on the subject of marriage and heredity, and
the great evils which result from bad marriages
were shown.

"Like begets like," said he, "and the nervous
system bows to the law of all life — the law of
heredity; the law that governs your life and
mine. If we are bundles of unstable nerves and
abnormal susceptibilities, it is but little trouble
to trace the cause back to our forefathers. The
youth of to-day should be educated and com-
pelled to choose his mate in the way that fine
horses and cattle are chosen. When a man
comes to marrying he should choose his wife in
the same way that she chooses a new dress.

"Love is a wonderful thing. It is a halluci-

THE PANDEX

123

nation, an illusion provided by nature to cause
men and women to mate and to procreate the
species. But love should be thrust in the back-
ground and relegated to the scrap heap of worn-
out adages if the health and security of poster-
ity is to be taken into consideration. Do not
have your children afflicted with the evils that
have been inflicted upon you. Stop falling in love
with a pretty face, and get a wife who is healthy
and will rear strong and wholesome children.

"If there could be a law passed in this coun-
try by which men and women would be compelled
to undergo physical examinations and have the
physical records of their ancestors investigated
before a marriage would be allowed it would be
the best thing that could possibly happen. If it
were possible that this law could be passed,
hundreds of diseases, ailments, and ills would
be eradicated from the race."

Doctor Grinker spoke of the prevailing causes
of nervousness and told of the numerous little
things by which the neuresthenic could be easily
distinguished. America, he said, had more nerv-
ous people than any other country in the world,
almost one member of every family in the United
States being afflicted with some form or other
of nervousness. Among the most nervous class,
he said, women predominated.

"You see thousands and thousands of nervous
women on the streets every day," said he, "and
about ninety-nine out of a hundred should be
in a sanitarium. The shopping habit is one of
the great causes."

Besides heredity, Doctor Grinker said that en-
vironment had much to do with the prevailing
nervous epidemic. The bringing up of children,
he said, was the most important and the most
ignored phase of the situation.

NEW MARRIAGE SOLUTION

New York Woman Creates a Storm by Proposing
Trial Wedlock.

No drama of the current day could be
adequate, whether it pretended to be prob-
Ifiri play or not, which failed to take account
of the almost universal controversy as to
how love, which seeks to express itself in
matrimony, may most safely risk its gratifi-
cation. Therefore, it will be others than thtj
comedians who will give their minds to the
following from the Chicago Inter-Ocean:

New York. — Trial marriage is one of the re-
forms advocated by Mrs. Elsie Clews Parsons in
a book published by G. P. Putnam's Sons, en-
titled, "The Family."

The author is the daughter of Henry Clews,
the banker, and wife of Congressman Herbert
Parsons of this city. She is a doctor of philoso-
phy, a Hartley housefellow, and was for six years
a lecturer in sociology at Harvard College. The
volume just issued consists of fifteen lectures. It

is a comprehensive, painstaking essay of the
family relations from ancient times to the pres-
ent day, and embraces a great mass of data con-
cerning marriage among all civilized people.

For the infelicities which beset the institution
of matrimony to-day Mrs. Parsons oilers reme-
dies, to be applied before or after the nuptial
knot is tied. The ante-marriage precaution she
advises is a legal supervision of the qualities of
the would-be contracting parties, to the end that
their fitness for the connubial state may be deter-
mined before the license is granted.

Favors Marriage on Probation.

She has much to say about trial or time mar-
riages. The trial marriage as suggested by her
is a union in which the couple set a time limit
on the partnership or fix a period of probation.
At the end of such period, if the relation is found
to be satisfactory, it may be continued.

If, for any of the many reasons Mrs. Parsons
enumerates, the man and wife deem it best to
part, they may do so by mutual agreement, with-
out the intervention of the courts. The author
favors, also, the removal of legal restraint on
either the man or woman so divorced from remar-
rying.

Intended as Guide to Mothers.

The main part of the book is given to the
story of social origins and developments, par-
ticularly in respect to the family relation. In the
closing chapter, which is an ethical consideration
of what has gone before, the author points out
present-day matrimonial evils and suggests re-
forms. The work as a whole, Mrs. Parsons says,
is intended to prove a useful guide for the intel-
ligent mothers, "who, single-handed, undertake
the responsibility of fitting their daughters for
useful and joyous womanhood."

After showing that men and women bent upon
maniage in the past gave no thought to society's
welfare, the author says that she perceives a
changing tendency in modern times.

"There are signs already," she announces,
"of the spread of the idea that the individual
is brought to consider the effects on society of
his or her marriage. Individuals tainted by epi-
lepsy, insanity, inebriacy, deaf mutism, etc., are
taught by many to be morally guilty if they
marry. There is a growing realization of the
cost to the state of reproduction by its di.seased
or vicious subjects, and a growing inclination to
prevent these classes from reproducing them-
selves.

Eugenics a Religious Dogma.

"If the biological knowledge of the future
throws more light upon the present-day mysteries
of heredity — demonstrating the disastrous results
of the mating of those handicapped by minor as
well as more flagrant taints or lacks — the social
obligation in marriage will be held more and more
considerable. The social demand for the posses-
sion of progressive traits, physical, moral, and
mental, as well as lack of disease on the part of
the child bearers and begeters, will exert more

124

THE PANDBX

and more pressure upon the individual. Eugenics,
as Professor Dalton suggests, will become a reli-
gious dogma.

"The relation between married persons should
be that best fitting them for their task of parent-
hood. It should be one allowing for a full devel-
opment of their natures, for all their capabilities
should be taxed in their role of parenthood. It
is unfortunate that in the emancipation-of-woman
agitation of the past half century the reformers
failed to emphasize the social as well as the
individualistic need of change."

Early Marriages, Under Conditions.

Mrs. Parsons makes a plea for early marriages
under certain conditions of education, but admits
the force of some arguments advanced against
them.

"It would therefore seem well," she says,
"from this point of view to encourage early trial
marriages, the relation to be entered into with a
view to permanency, but with the privilege of
breaking it if proved unsuccessful, and in the
absence of offspring, without suffering any great
degree of public condemnation:

"If individualism and altruism are to be recon-
ciled in the view that child-bearing and rearing
is the most important of all social services, the
desirability of change in many social relations
in and out of the family will have to be frankly
faced and, if necessary, new adaptations must
be welcomed."

Discusses Various Forms.

In another part of the book, which treats of
the various forms of marriage, is this passage :

"Duration of marriage in the lifetime of the
married persons seems, to a great extent, to be
dependent upon its form. Where monogamy pre-
vails, it is often accompanied by forms of promis-
cuity or by readily obtained divorce. Polygamy
satisfies, to a certain extent, the desire for vari-
ety to which transiency of relationships is often
due. In this connection Sir John Lubbock makes
an enlightening distinction between lax and brit-
tle mayriage. Wliere an enduring form of mar-
riage is prescribed, marriage tends to be lax ; i. e.,
polygamous or accomplished by promiscuity;
where separation is more or less optional, it tends
to be brittle.

"Incidentally, let us note here, in illustration
of the brittle marriage, so-called time and trial
marriages. In time marriages a contract for mar-
riage for a stated time is made. The time may
be fpr a fixed number of days during the week
(part time marriage). This is a lax rather than
a brittle arrangement. Or for a stated continu-
ous period (term marriage, hand fasting). At
the end of the stated period the relation may or
may not be made permanent. • * » Trial
marriage is a variety of time marriage, it being
distinctly agreed that the relationship may be
di.ssolved at any time."

By making legal provisions for greater care
in the forming of conjugal alliances, however,
Mrs.' Parsons would avert many unhappy results
and simplify the problem of felicitous marriages.

She goes so far as to suggest a matrimonial
white list, although she leaves a possible black
list to the imagination of the reader.

STILL A QUEEN— OF DREAMS

In Her Fancy Mrs. Astor Still Entertains Many
Who Are Dead and Gone.
Royalty has always had its pathetic tales
of declining greatness, which lives in mock
state and holds its court in the halls of its
own disordered imagination; but few would
have thought that America's aristocracy
would ever have had the dramatic story to
recount which is given as follows in the
Denver Post :

Her mind clouded, her health shattered, Mrs.
Astor, last and greatest of the supreme leaders
of New York society, will never again sit upon
her throne. A dreamer of strange dreams, this
American social leader ends her career in sorrow.

There will be no Astor ball this season. There
can not be, for Mi's. Astor will not be able to
entertain. The whispers behind fans, in bou-
doirs, and over teacups are now loudly voiced in
the revelation that Mrs. Astor is insane.

She believes that she is still at the zenith of
her power and glory as a social leader, but she
reigns only in a court thronged with courtiers of
her imagination, the images of lovely women and
gallant men — some of them are quick, but more
dead — by whom, in fancy, she sees herself sur-
rounded.

In the dead hours of the night, the Astor Fifth
Avenue mansion will be a blaze of light, and
within the empty drawing rooms Mrs. Astor will
be strolling about among her imaginary guests.

Night after night the watchman in front sees
the lights flash up in the drawing rooms, the
conservatory, the guest chambers, the ballroom,
wherever Mrs. Astor directs, for it has been ar-
ranged that all her moods and whims be humored,
and that she be under no physical restraint. Act-
ing under the orders of Mrs. Astor 's children.
Colonel John Jacob Astor, whose mansion ad-
joins that of his mother, Mrs. Orme Wilson and
Mrs. Haig, the servants exert themselves to
humor her eccentricities and obey her orders to
the letter, so far as they may be for her wel-
fare.

Day and Night Servants at Her Call.

Taint streams of music will creep through the
massive doors and double windows. In her rest-
lessness she oftens craves music. Not infre-
quently a brougham will dash up to the porte-
cochere with a yawning coachman and footman
on the box. The portal will swing open, perhaps,
and a slim figure, wrapped in furs and sustained
by two serving men, will come to the threshold.

A shake of the head and the little group van-
ishes inside. A footman waves to the coachman
and the carriage returns to the stables. Mrs.

THE PANDEX

125

Astor has been persuaded not to set out in the
dead of night to pay a round of calls.

Mrs. Astor is obsessed of the idea that she is
still at the zenith of her power and glory as
leader of society. She sits at her desk, and with
her secretary, or companion, plans state dinners,
grand balls, little supper parties after the opera.
They indulge her to the top of her beiit. The
engraved cards with a line blank for the date
are brought out, names of the guests whom she
designates are written in, and the envelopes
are addressed.

She checks off the list. Querulously she de-
bates upon the eligibility of this woman or that
man.

Then the bundles of invitations are borne from
the room on a silver salver by a servant and
burned in the furnace. It does not matter to
Mrs. Astor. She forgets.

In the daytime she drives, not often, but when-
ever she can not be persuaded to remain indoors.
It is typical of her condition that she regards
persons and objects inversely. This renders her
amenable to control by taking a contrary, posi-
tion.

How She Is Managed.

If it is not thought best to permit her to
drive, Dr. Flint, the nurse, Colonel Astor, or one
of her .servants will suggest that she go out in
the carriage. Mrs. Astor will decide not to go.

When she will not eat, she is told that she
can not have food. She orders it, to prove her
mastery of her affairs in her own household, and
food is brought to her.

She has conceived the idea that the doonvays
in the mansion are incorrectly placed, that the
arched tops should be on the floor and the sills
at the ceiling. She ordered a table fastened to
the ceiling of one of her private apartments,
declaring that the guests whom she expected to
dinner could not be seated comfortably in any
other way.

Tlie table was secured as she wanted it, but
she was not satisfied that it could not be u.sed
until she had had a stepladder fetched and
vainly essayed to climb it to get to the table.

Quire after quire of her monogramed paper
is covered with invitations to noted society
women, asking them to call and discuss arrange-
ments for balls and dinners.

The letters, of course, are never mailed. The
topics of which they treat are gone from Mrs.
Astor 's mind before the ink on the notes is dry.

She accosts her servants and other attendants
by the names of her friends, those who have
shared with her the social successes of the past
and present generation. This one is Mrs. Fish,
that Mrs. Belmont, the other Ward McAllister,
another Mrs. Oelrichs, a maid Mrs. Vanderbilt,
and so on. Those who have seen Richard Mans-
field in the final act of "Beau Brummel" can im-
agine these distressing and heart-rending scenes.

Intervals of lavish generosity come when Mrs.
Astor will summon her servants and deck them
out in some of the treasures of her wardrobe, and
of her jewel coffers. She smiles pleasedly as she

tosses them rich silks, satins, and furs, and re-
quests them to don them; or hangs about their
necks diamond necklaces, ropes of pearls, set-
ting diamond crowns, coronets, and tiaras upon
their heads, and loading their fingers with gems.

"You will oblige me by accepting these," she
asks plaintively. They bear the jewels and the
dresses away and put them back in their places.

Nurses and Doctors Fear the End May Come.

Sleep flees her for days. Then she is given opi-
ates, not too many nor in too strong doses, for
the physicians fear for her heart. She dreads
the night. When her fitful tossing ceases and
she lies quiet, a felt-shod nurse extinguishes the
lights in the great chamber. Then she flits to a
corner and seats herself where she can watch
the bed. In the shadows the nurse waits, satis-
fled so long as the quiet breathing of the patient
murmurs in the dark, fearing lest it cease and
the impending shadows close down upon the
house, as soon they must.

Mi-s. Astor is the daughter of Abraham Scher-
merhorn, a wealthy merchant of the old city.
She was never a beauty, but no woman who rose
to her eminence in society was ever so generally
and devotedly loved and respected.

It is a tradition that she was never heard to
utter an unkind word of any one. Scandal she
would neither listen to nor repeat.

Her sweetness of disposition and habit was
unchanged even during the provocations of the
famous Astor family feud that arose over the
question of which should be called "Mrs. Astor"
and be the head of the family on the distaff side
• — Mrs. William Astor or Mrs. William Waldorf
Astor, the wife of the son of John Jacob Astor,
William Astor 's brother.

It was that victory which firmly established
Mrs. Astor in her position as leader of society.

Mrs. William Waldorf Astor, defeated, re-
moved to England and died there.

It can not be doubted that Mrs. Astor is the
last society leader. Society as it is now con-
stituted is too large to resign itself to the domi-
nation of one woman. There are over-many
intei-necine quarrels. Besides, where is there a
woman of birth, position, and wealth who has
Mrs. Astor 's tact?

Almost Seventy-nine Years Old.

The break-down, which came in Boston shortly
after she had landed there from the steamship
that brought her across the Atlantic from
Europe, was foreshadowed while she was abroad
in the summer.

All of her life — she is now nearly seventy-nine
— Mrs. Astor had been remarked for her poise, ■
her excellent sense, and her repressive inclina-
tions. None of the oddities of manner which
usually presage the advance of age marred her
demeanor.

But last summer there was a change. As much
as her strength would permit, she plunged into
the gaieties of the various resorts which she
visited. This was startling, for Mrs. Astor for
years had shunned such things.

126

THE PANDEX

Her high spirits were noticeably at variance
with her customary placidity. She ranged the
fashionable shops of London and Paris, buying
lavishly of the beautiful garments which were
laid out for her inspection. She talked of a
social season in New York this winter which
should be the crowning triumph of her career.

"I am growing younger and younger every
day," she frequently told her friends. "Would
you be surprised if I should marry again?"

None of the toilettes which she chose was suit-
able for an elderly woman. They were of bril-
liant hues and radiant materials, the most daring
conceptions of the Parisian modistes.

Most of the gowns were such as would be worn
by a girl of twenty.

With them she ordered coquettish little hats,
confections, such as she had never cared for
previously. Trunkful after trunkful of these

fripperies, representing a great sum, were exam-
ined by the customs inspectors at Boston.

An ominous collapse sent her to bed almost
as soon as she gained the shelter of the Hotel
Somerset. Specialists were sent for, among them
being Dr. Austin Flint of this city. Their ver-
dict at that time has been fully confirmed by
her state since she came to New York in Octo-
ber. Other alienists and phy-sicians learned in
diagnosing and coping with the maladies and in-
firmities of the old have watched her constantly.
Their opinions coincide with the judgment of
Doctor Flint.

Among her medical attendants, besides Doctor
Flint, are his son, Austin Flint, Jr., who vir-
tually lives in the Astor mansion ; Doctor Allan
MacLean Hamilton, and Doctor Charles R. Dana.
Their orders are carried out by three of the best
nurses who could be obtained.

6{E3

AN INCIDENT OF REAL LIFE

WHICH SURPASSES FICTION

OR MELODRAMA IN ITS

PATHETIC HUMAN

INTEREST

SCARCELY the most improbable of East
Side melodrama would have ventured,
for the sake of a new thrill, into the story
that has recently come out of the Middle
West, and involves a scale of family
devotion and sacrifices seldom witnessed or
even conceived. Said the Cleveland Plain
Dealer, describing this incident:

Do gypsies steal children and carry them off
to become members of their own thieving, for-
tune-telling, roving tribes?

Whoever believes that such stories are myths,
invented to terrify refractory little ones at bed-
time, need only to turn to this page and read the
affecting statement of little Rosie Adams of Chi-
cago, who, after more than a year in slavery in
different bands of these nomads, has been re-
stored to her parents at Salem, Mass.

They should bear in mind also that but for the
devotion of her parents, which impelled them to

^Adapted from Cleveland Plain Dealer.

leave their home and become voluntary ffvp^ies,
attaching themselves first to om; tribe and t'len
to another, probably little Rosic wo'-ld never
have escaped from the captors wiio profited by
her toil, and who sold lier into bouiliit."' in other
camps, when so disposed, like any chattel.

In September of last year there was no hap-
pier, though humble, home circle in Chicago
than that of which John Adam, an honest and
hard-working mechanic, was the head. Only a

THE PANDEX

127

few years before he had come from Russia with
his wife and infant daughter, Rosie.

As no more children had been born to them,
Rosie was their idol. The father saved money
out of his wages, and they bought a little home
in the outskirts of the city. Rosie was sent to
the public school a few blocks distant, and at
eleven years old gladdened her parents' hearts
by signs that she was developing into a genuine
little American.

Failed to Return from School.

Then one day at the beginning of November
Rosie failed to return from school at the usual
hour. When Adam returned from his work at
supper time he found his wife weeping and heart-
broken. Their little Rosie had not come home.
Her mother had gone to the schoolhouse and
learned only that Rosie had been dismissed with
the other children.

All that night, and for many days and nights
afterward, Adam searched vainly for his lost
daughter. The most he could learn was that a
little girl answering to Rosie 's description had
been seen walking along Michigan Boulevard
toward the Union Railway Station with a
swarthy complexioned woman and carrying a
bundle.

During the summer there had been a camp of
gypsies in a vacant lot not far from the Adam
home. Both Adam and his wife had seen bands
of wandering gypsies in Russia. They were
among those simple-minded folk who really be-
lieved that gypsies sometimes stole and carried
off white children.

It was useless for their friends to argue with
them. Without little Rosie there was nothing
left for them in this life.

"God's will be done," said Adam to his wife.
"We also will become gypsies, for only in that
way may we hope to get news of our little one."

Eagerly the wife assented. They sold every-
thing they possessed but their little home, ar-
rayed themselves in gypsy garb, boarded a train
on the same road by which the father believed
Rosie and her woman captor had traveled east-
ward from Chicago and got off at a small town
in Indiana, where Adam had learned there was
a gypsy camp.

Adam was a stout fellow, familiar with horses,
wagons, and harness, and the gypsies welcomed
him and his wife into their tribe. They did not
dare make any inquiries about their lost
daughter, merely keeping their eyes open and
their ears ready to profit by idle gossip which
might offer a clew to the missing child's where-
abouts.

Looked Like Real Gypsies.

Becoming a skilful horse trader, Adam gained
the esteem of his gypsy comrades. His mechan-
ical skill made him very useful in repairing their
harness and wagons. It also furnished him with
an excuse to transfer his services to other bands
when they were especially needed. In this way,
without creating suspicion, the father and mother
worked their wav into Ohio and to Detroit.

Mrs. Adam, by her ready and capable services,
gained the good will of the gypsy women wher-
ever husband and wife camped, and so was not
excluded from the circle of tribal gossip. In
this way she learned that she and her husband
were only a few weeks behind an eastward trav-
eling band which had recently purchased from
another band a little white girl who had become
prosperously expert at telling fortunes.

Adam and his wife believed this to be their
daughter. They grasped every opportunity to
work their way eastward. In the winter time
this was slow work, for then most gypsy camps
remain stationary in some favorable location
waiting for spring and good roads.

It was May before they had crossed the AUe-
ghenies. By that time no one would have known
that Adam and his wife were not real gypsies.
Their hands and faces were blackened by weather
and the smoky atmosphere of winter camps.
Mrs. Adam's hair, which had been flaxen, like
little Rosie 's, had been darkened at the begin-
ning of her travels with a decoction of herbs.

In the gossip she overheard from time to time
the stolen child was spoken of as dark-haired,
and the mother had no doubt that little Rosie 's
hair, eyebrows, and eyelashes had been similarly
treated by her gypsy captors. So the father and
mother had never wasted time looking for a child
with their Rosie 's flaxen locks:

In the Jersey Lowlands.

It was not until nearly a year from the time
they started on their travels that Adam and his
wife reached the lowlands of New Jersey and
joined a camp of gypsies not far from Trenton.
Then they became almost certain of little Rosie 's
whereabouts.

They learned that a little girl captive had been
sold for $200 to the famous chief of the New
England tribe, John Croix. This news gave them
grave apprehensions, for the reputation of John
Croix for cruelty and greed had become well
known to them.

"Husband, we must hurry," said Mrs. Adam.
"I feel that we are drawing near to our little
daughter and that her lot is harder than ever."

As soon as possible they had themselves trans-
ferred to a New England bound band which had
need of Adam's hands with wagons and harness.
Then they crossed the Hudson by the Fort Lee
Ferry, journeyed through Westchester County,
N. Y., into Connecticut, into Massachusetts and
to the outskirts of Boston, where the band rested
for a week. It was then late in October.

"Husband, we must hurry; I seem to hear our
little one calling to us," said the wife every
day. The long strain was telling on them both.
It was terrible for them while the band rested.

It was now they learned that John Croix and
his band decided to winter on a farm near
Salem, Mass. Hearing this, the band of which
Adam and his wife were members broke camp,
its leaders thinking that the neighborhood of
Salem might be a good wintering place for them,
too.

Two days brought them within sight of the

128

THE PANDEX

camp of John Croix, and they pitched their tents
for the night.

. First Sight of the Daughter.

•John Adam could not wait for morning light.
In the early dusk he stole over among the tents
of John Croix's camp, his wife following at his
heels. Suddenly the sight of a brown-skinned,
dark-haired little girl in front of one of the
tents stirring something in a pot over a fire made
his heart stand still.

"If only I could see that her eyes are blue,"
thought Adam.

Just then an old gypsy woman came out of
the tent and boxed the little girl's ears so sav-
agely that she cried out.

It was his own little lost "Rosebud's" voice.
But how much older her twelve months' hard
experience had made her appear! Adam started
forward, forgetting all the caution he had
learned.

The little girl saw and recognized her father

and mother. She threw out her anns, screaming
joyfully :

"Oh, mamma, dear! Oh, papa! It's me —
your little Rosebud!"

Mrs. Adam clasped her child to her bosom
and then swooned, while her husband wept and
prayed on his knees with his "little Rosebud's"
hand clasped tight. But the gypsies were en-
raged. The father and mother were roughly
treated and detained by their late companions.
But little Rosie, made nimble and resourceful
by her wild experiences, dashed away and
brought the police. To save himself from arrest,
John Croix was compelled, when taken to court
with the girl and her parents, to pay Adam $400
— $200 on account of the original kidnapping
and $200 for Rosie 's services during her period
of slavery. With this sum the now happy Adam
family will return to their home to begin civil-
ized life anew.

To;\E

REQUISITE TO ANY REFORM.

:^ Mws McDowell

— Adapted from New York World.

BERNARD SHAW AND ANDREW D. WHITE THINK EFFECTIVE

SOCIAL CHANGES CANNOT BE WROUGHT UNTIL A NEW

RELIGIOUS EMOTIONALITY IS MADE GENERAL

BY NEW FORM OF BELIEF.

AS ONE after another of the outward
clothes of graft and social error are
thrown off thru the cumulative influence of the
latter-day demand for comprehensive reform,
there has been a corresponding approach to
the real underlying elements and motives of
human conduct. In the face of the enorm-
ous problems with which the new political
leaders have had to deal, there has been
found a necessity for principles that are

much stronger than expediency, that out-
ride the pomp and thrill of partisanship, and
that will still hold themselves not only in-
tact but enthusiastic as well, no matter what
the opposing circumstance.

Among some close and thoughtful ob-
servers this signifies a return to the primary
conceptions and impulses involved in re-
ligion— an inference which is more or less
borne out by an apparent revival of life

THE PANDEX

129

among existing sects and a remarkable in- ers of the times. The quotation is from the

crease in the number of new sects whose New York Times:

tenets all seem to include, in some manner, London.— Bernard Shaw lectured in the Essex

the union of the religious ideals with the Hall, in connection with the Guild of St. Mat-

.. , ■ i J! i . /.^ thew, his subieet beina: "Some Necessary Re-

practical ponits of statecraft. p^j,.; j,, Religions." Mr. Sl.aw said we 'had a

A Thanksgiving inquiry

(By WALTER JUAN DAVIS)

O, Lore}, so migbty and so kigli.
It is our custom, unto Tljee,

To raise our hands and to Ttee cry
I wonder if Thou knowest me !

O. Lord of earth and sea and sky,
W^tile all Thy people do rejoice.

And check the soh. abate the sigh —
I wonder, dost Thou hear my voice !

Lord, hear me once, ere I should die ;

My greatest "wonder is of me;
What is the thing that I call I?

What IS my meaning unto Thee?

RELIGION NEEDED FOR REFORM

Bernard Shaw Says This Only Can Overcome
Social Cowardice.

For instance, there has been the following
notable utterance by Bernard Shaw, the
caustic dramatist and commentarian of Eng-
land, who, in many respects, may be said to
be one of the most advanced and able think-

great many pressing social problems to solve, but
lacked a religion which would impel us to tackle
them.

The socialism presented by those able middle-
class Jews, Marx and Lasalle, was a demonstra-
tion that the workingTnen were being robbed of
fifty per cent of the proceeds of their labor, but
it was found that people would not make a revo-
lution for fifty per cent. Men were always cow-
ards. If they were not afraid they would con-
stantly be getting run over. The more intelligent

130

THE PANDEX

and sensitive a man was the more cowardly he
was.

A Religious Man Defined.

If the great congregation of cowards called
the human race were to be got to disregard their
own safety and interest, they must be made re-
ligious. A religious man was not one who be-
longed to the Church of England or who did not,
and the enthusiasm of men who did not belong
to that church seemed much greater than that
of men who did. Nor was he a man with a spe-
cial creed. A religious man was one who had
sure knowledge that he was here, not to fulfill
some narrow purpose, but as an instrument of
the force which created the world and probably
the universe. Religion made a man courageous,
and if he was not intelligent it made him ex-
tremely dangerous. In the absence of religion
a coarse man had the most courage, but with
religion the most fragile and sensitive became
enormously courageous.

Many people who said they believed in God
did so because they thought that otherwise He
would strike them dead. That was an abomin-
able idolatry. Yet in schools religion was taught
much in this way. The Jehovah of the earlier
parts of the Bible was an abominable idol who
was pleased to have Jephtha's daughter sacri-
ficed to him, and sent bears to eat up little chil-
dren. The result was that the masses became so
irreligious that the people did not dare to teach
them a genuine religion, for they would not be-
lieve it.

Coming to the New Testament, we found
something new and startling — a Man who spoke
of himself as God, and when he did so always
caused a riot, because the people could not stand
for such a stupendous idea. The end of the Gos-
pel story — the popular and bloody part — spoiled
the beginning. If Christ had died in a country
house, worth five thousand a year, everything He
said would be just as true as if He had been
crucified.

Powerlessness of God.

The main truth that required to be taught was
the powerlessness of God. If we conceived God
as a moral force we must admit that apart from
us He was powerless. Millions revolted against
religion when confronted with the question "If
God is so powerful, why is the world such a hor-
rible place?" It was no use saying God could
not be understood. A man in the dock would
not be e.xcused because he said he had some
higher purpose that other?, could not understand.

The will that drove the universe was driving
every man more or less, even the most sordid
stockbroker in London, and it was evidently
driving at some sort of moral conception. An-
other thing to remember about God was that He
made mistakes. Only after many trials He had
produced a man who, though only a makeshift,
was at his best rather a wonderful creature. If
men realized that what God was driving at
finally was a perfected comprehension of His own
purpose, there would be little difficulty in making
them religious, observant, and intelligent.

People lumped in with their religion and phi-
losophy and morals a number of other things
which were merely associated ideas and customs.
He never talked disrespectfully of religion, but
his mission was to tell people of the rubbish that
choked religion. Until that rubbish was got rid
of there was no chance of getting a world in
which anything worth talking about would ever
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THE PANDEX

131

DAWN OF A NEW RELIGION

No Throne Above, No Beyond, Says Professor
Schmidt, of Cornell.

Another instance is the following from the
New York World :

Ithaca, N. Y. — Professor Nathaniel Schmidt,
of the Cornell department of Semitic languages
and Oriental history, preached in the Unitarian
Church recently. Dr. Andrew D. White and
other prominent Cornell officials were present.

The speaker declared that a new religion was
approaching, in which is a deeper insight into
nature and a deepening of the moral sense.
Christianity has failed to adapt itself to the
spiritual needs of man, he said. The new religion
will meet all these. It will be universal, cover-
ing all times and peoples.

The supernatural in religion is foolishness,
he declared. There is no throne above in the
new faith, and the idea of a beyond can have no
place. We are all denizens of the universe. The
mind must progress. Away with formulas and
creeds ! Put them into a museum, as a thing to
be studied.

THE STORM ABOUT MRS. EDDY.

Christian Scientists Make Ardent Defense of the
Founder of Their Church.

Still another instance of the emotion that
lies in the adherence of many people to new
sects which have to do intimately with the
practical morals of every-day life is afforded
in the promptitude with which the Christian
Scientists rallied to the defense of Mrs.
Eddy. Said the St. Louis Republic:

James A. Logwood, of the Christian Science
Publication Committee of Missouri, issued a
statement regarding the recent published reports
about the condition of Mrs. Mary Baker G.
Eddy, head of the Christian Scientist Church.

"The original report," Mr. Logwood says,
"contained three specific charges.

"First — That Mrs. Eddy, in her daily drives
around, and about the streets of Concord, was
being impersonated by a dummy in the form of
one Mrs. Leonard.

"Second — That Mrs. Eddy was dying with
cancer, and that she was, and had been for some
time, under the charge of a physician.

"Third — That Mrs. Eddy, through disease and
the infirmities of age, was physically and mental-
ly disqualified from attending to her affairs."

Mr. Logwood's statement continues:

It was clearly shown by the published accounts
that charge No. 1 was based wholly upon the
statement of one witness, a janitor from Brook-
lyn, N. Y. This janitor went to Concord for the
purpose of identifying the woman, who, it was

said, was impersonating Mrs. Eddy in her daily
drive. He had never seen Mrs. Eddy, but as-
serted that, from where he stood on the side-
walk, he recognized Mrs. Leonard, although much
disguised through the closed doors of her car-
riage. This incident occurred on October 22.

Sworn Statements.

Here are the unimpeachable facts:

Mrs. Leonard makes a sworn statement before
Josiah Fei-nald, Notary Public, in which she says
she had never impersonated Mrs. Eddy; had
never ridden in her carriage; in fact, had never
stept inside of it, and had not been out of sight
of Pleasant View, Mrs. Eddy's home, since Feb-
ruary 19, 1906.

Mrs. Leonard's denial of having impersonated
Mrs. Eddy was corroborated by Mayor Charles
R. Corning, General Frank S. Streeter, and by
several others. They, according to their sworn
statements, knew Mrs. Eddy personally; saw her
almost daily in her drives about Concord, and fre-
quently spoke to her; had transacted business
with her personally; and all declared that they
had never seen any person in Mrs. Eddy's car-
riage except herself.

Rudolph B. Frost, who has charge of the
painting at Pleasant View, also swore that on
October 22, while Mrs. Eddy was out driving, he
conversed with Mrs. Leonard, who was super-
intending the work he was doing about the house.

As to the second charge, while it was boldly
stated that Mrs. Eddy was dying of cancer, and
had a medical doctor in attendance, these charges
are absolutely devoid of any evidence. No doc-
tor's name has been mentioned in the accusa-
tion, and no such doctor has been found.

Disease Denied.

Mrs. Leonard made the following statement
before a notary public:

"I deny most emphatically that Mrs. Eddy
has any such disease as cancer or that she has
any other disease. As I am and have been in
daily contact with Mrs. Eddy, seeing her many
times each day, I am in a position to know as
to what I am stating. The story that a phy-
sician from Boston is attending her is without
foundation, as there is no physician from any-
where attending Mrs. Eddy, nor has there been
while I have been in her home."

This statement was also corroborated by those
in Mrs. Eddy's home, and many others, whose
names can be furnished if desired.

The third charge, that Mrs. Eddy is mentally
and physically disqualified, and is unable to at-
tend to her affairs, on account of disease and in-
firmity of age, is also disproved beyond con-
tradiction.

Frederick N. Ladd, treasurer of the Concord
Loan and Savings Bank, in a signed statement,
said: "I am not a member of the Christian
Science Church, but I feel it my duty to con-
tradict such false rumors. I have had the honor
of being in the presence of Mrs. Eddy several
times each year, and most emphatieally say that

132

THE PANDEX

she is in every way capable of conducting her
business affairs."

George H. Moses, editor of the Concord Even-
ing Monitor, made a signed statement to this
effect :

"I have had the pleasure of knowing Mrs.
Eddy for more than ten years, and I have had
occasion to correspond with her, and to meet her
with reference to matters of public importance
in this community. These relations with her still
continue, and within a very short time I have
received from her long letters, written from be-
ginning to end in her own handwriting, which,
from long acquaintance, is perfectly familiar to
me, and that she is indubitably alive, both phy-
sically and mentally, is well attested by these
communications. ' '

Mrs. Eddy's Statement.

Following the interview with Mrs. Eddy, Oc-
tober 20, the Associated Press representative
wrote :

"Although Mrs. Eddy shows her advanced age
in some respects, her voice to-day was clear and
strong, and she gave no evidence of decrepitude,
or of any weakness not to be expected of a
woman in her eighty-sixth year."

Edward N. Pearson, Secretary of State of New
Hampshire, says : "I was present by invitation
at Pleasant View to-day with the representatives
of eleven newspapers. I stood near Mrs. Eddy,
whom I have known personally for some fifteen
years. I distinctly heard her answers to the
questions asked her. I saw her leave the room
in which the interview was given, and walk to
her carriage. I saw the carriage drive toward the
city. Mrs. Eddy's voice was clear and strong,
and her appearance was that of a woman in full
possession of all her faculties. I am not a Chris-
tian Scientist and I am without bias and preju-
dice in this matter."

On November 1, two press representatives —
Mr. Harlan 0. Pearson, local representative of
the Associated Press, and the editor of the Pa-
triot— were at Mrs. Eddy's residence, and stood
in the hallway while Mrs. Eddy came down stairs.
They stood where they could not be seen by Mrs.
Eddy, who was totally unaware of their presence.
They said she descended easily, without any ap-
parent hesitation, thus proving to them her abil-
ity to go up and down stairs, and about her
house as usual.

These and many other signed statements, at-
test Mrs. Eddy's mental and physical ability
and freedom to attend to her personal affairs.

Her Writings.

To lift any lingering shadow of mystery as
to Mrs. Eddy's retirement, I quote from her own
writings on the subject. In her book "Miscel-
laneous Writings," page 278, in a letter to her
students in Chicago, written in 1888, she says :

"For two' years I have been gradually with-

drawing from active membership in the Chris-
tian Scientist Association."

Same volume, page 136, in 1891, writing to her
students:

"When I retired from the field of labor, it
was a departure, socially, publicly and finally,
from the routine of such material modes as so-
ciety and our societies demand. Rumors are ru-
mors— nothing more. I am still with you on the
field of battle, taking forward marches, broader
and higher views, and with the hope that you
will follow."

On page 322 in Mrs. Eddy's message to her
Boston church, prior to 1896, explaining why she
would not be present : ' ' Your dual and imper-
sonal pastor, the Bible, and science and health
with key to the Scriptures, is with you; and the
life these give, the truth they illustrate, the love
they demonstrate, is the great shepherd that
feedeth my flock, and leadeth them 'beside the
still waters.' By any personal presence or word
of mine, your thought must not be diverted or
diverged, your senses satisfied, or self be jus-
tified."

Christian Science does not include in its prac-
tice hypnotism, mesmerism, or spiritualism. It
is based upon the rational and demonstrable
teachings of the holy Scriptures. By their fruits
ye shall know them. It is conservatively esti-
mated that within the brief period of _ the his-
tory of Christian Science more than 1,000,000
people have become virtually interested in it, be-
cause they have learned, through actual proofs,
that it is not a mere theory, but a tangible,
living, demonstrable truth.

There is hardly a town or hamlet in the civi-
lized world but that one will find those that have
been benefited by this Christ-truth and are ready
to give a reason for the hope that lieth in them.
"Therefore, beloved, my often-coming is un-
necessary; for, though I be present or absent, it
is God that feedeth the hungry heart, that giveth
grace, that healeth the sick and cleanseth the sin-
ner. For this consummation he hath given you
Christian Science, and my past poor labors and
love." Christian Science Journal, volume 12,
page 94.

Mrs. Eddy issued a public statement, dated May
3, 1894. She says, in part : ' ' My work for the
mother church is done; and be it remembered
that I came to Concord, N. H., for the purpose
of retirement."

Christian Science teaches its followers to lead
pure and upright lives, and to heed the words of
the Master, as given in the sermon on the mount.
"Love your enemies, bless them that curse you,
do good to them that hate you, and pray for
them which despitefully use you, and perse-
cute you ' ' ; and, thus ' ' to let your light so shine
before men tha,t they may see your good works
and glorify your Father which is in heaven."

THE PANDEX

133

WHISTLING GIRL IN CHURCH what were apparently feelings of mingled interest

— and surprise while a woman whistler warbled

Vaudeville Feature Employed to Attract Attend- three tunes in the intervals between the reading

ance in New York. of the Word and the sermon.

The appreciation with which some of the Dr. Goodchild believes in the efficacy of ad-

, , , , ,, , , „ vertising, and the last number or Gist, hi?

orthodox sects meet the new demands for g,i„rch paper, announced that it was the pur-

AT A CHICAGO CORNER AT THE BUSIEST HOUR.
"Farewell, dear; we must hope for the best. I may be able to get across safely."

— Chicago Tribune.

practical phases to the religious organiza- pose of the trustees to do all that could be done

^ ,,..,«,, • J. .1, to make the services of tlie church attractive,

tions IS reflected in the following from the « t^ ^ ■,,;■, ,

bo the members ot Dr. Goodchild s congi-ega-

Jsevf York Herald: tion were prepared for something unusual

„-,.,,, 1 • J. i 1- • when they assembled last evening. Thev saw a

Vaudeville turns, as an adjunct to religious ^^^^^ ^-^^^ ^^ ^,^p rostrum under the choir loft,

service, have been introduced by the Rev. Dr. ^^^^ j^ ^ front pew a young woman whom ihey

Frank M. Goodchild, pastor of the Central recognized from her lithographs, which hung xn

Baptist Church, in West Forty-second Street,- the lobby of the ehureh, as Miss Ethel M. Palmer,

and recently- the congregation listened with "artistic whistler;'''' -.'A.

134

THE PANDEX

Miss Palmer had her own accompanist, and
when it came time to do her first turn she stepped
briskly to the rostrum. A moment later bird-
like notes interpreting the "Manzanillo," by
Robyn, were chasing each other through the
building. There was no doubt of the artistic
rendering of the number, but the privilege of
applauding which is accorded a theater audience
was denied to the congregation, so the "turn"
was received in silence.

Defends His Action.

Miss Palmer's second number was the inter-
mezzo from "Cavalleria Rusticana," and this
was followed by Tobani's "Hearts and Flow-
ers," so familiar to all students of semi-classic
music. There was a little stir among Dr. Good-
child's hearers after the whistler retired, and it
was noticed that many settled back in their seats,
their faces bearing an expression of relief. It
was evident then, as was proved by bits of con-
versation heard after the services were over,
that there was some uncertainty in the minds
of the pastor's flock as to the propriety of the
performance, and they were glad it was over.

After the sermon Dr. Goodchild consented to
give his views regarding vaudeville as an acces-
sory to religion. He said :

"My object in making this departure from
conventional lines is to see if by introducing a
little musical novelty we could not fill the whole
church on Sunday night. The conditions under
which we have to labor are not equalled in any
other city in the world. The Central Baptist
Church is in the middle of a block in which
there are seven theaters. We have not a half
dozen families in the congregation who
live within a mile of the church. We must draw
on the floating church attendants, and it is with
this in mind that the departure from regular
lines was made.

"While I do not wholly approve of the intro-
duction of anything that will mar the sacred-
ness of church worship, I believe in using the
best means of assembling the people. I be-
lieve with Dr. Duff, that eminent preacher who
once said: 'I would be willing to knock two
old shoes together if it would draw a crowd to
whom I might preach Jesus Christ.'

"Personally, I would prefer a plain, ordinary
sei-vice, but to reach the people I intend to com-
pete in as dignified a way as possible with the
attractions with which this church is surrounded.

"Next Sunday night we will listen to Charles
Wold play sacred and classical melodies on his
musical glasses."

TO CARE FOR THE BABIES

Kindergarten in a New Jersey Edifice While
Mothers Attend Service.
An interesting side light on the trend to-
ward the practical is given, again, in the
following from the New York World :

"Bring your babies to church; the girls j villi
play with them during- the services. "

Such is the message which the pastor and trus-
tees of the Methodist Church of Verona, N. J.,
have sent to the mothers of the town.

A kindergarten has been established in the
chapel of the church, and Miss Gertrude Edith
MacDowell and Miss Jane Condit, both promi-
nent in the Epworth League, have taken upon
themselves the task of caring for the youngsters
while the mothers listen to sermons by the Rev.
Charles Eugene Little. Last Sunday was the
first session of the kindergarten, and church at-
tendance increased mightily because of the in-
novation.

"I think the work is simply grand," said Miss
MacDowell after the service last Sunday morn-
ing. ' ' And how much the mothers enjoyed the
sermon ! Why, there were lots and lots of women
in church to-day whom we had not seen for a
long time, just because there was no one to mind
their children."

THE RELIGION OF THE OCCULT

Englishmen Are Debating the Question of Trans-
migration of Souls.
The reaching out of religious forms to-
ward the expanded world included under
the nomenclature of the Occult is shown, in
part, in the following from the Philadelphia
Inquirer :

London. — If letters to the newspapers can be
accepted as a criterion, hundreds of Englishmen
are wondering whether we have ever lived before.
Dr. Andrews Wilson analyzes the strange phe-
nomenon of memory given by the contributors
in part as follows :

' ' The doctrine of metempsychosis or trans-
migration of souls represents a very ancient be-
lief. Not merely did it credit the possibility
that the soul after death could be transferred
from one human being to another, but it also
held that the human soul might take up its
abode in another form of life and be trans-
ferred from the purely human to the lower ani-
mal domain. The theory asserts that as each
stage is ended and a new era begun, the soul
sheds most of the features it illustrated in the
life it left, retaining, now and then, however,
vague memories of some of its antecedent states.
Such memories, forcibly projected into the fore-
ground of our existence to-day, it is held, should
convince us that we have 'lived before.'

"Everything we have heard or seen or other-
wise appreciated through the agency of our sense
organs — every impression, every sensation — is
really stored up within those brain cells which
exercise the memory function. True, we may
not be able to recall all of them at will; many
are doubtless beyond the reach of the power
that revives and prints off for us positives from
our stored up mental negatives. But it is none
the les& significant that on occasion we can dis-
inter memories of events whose date lies very

THE PANDEX

135

far back in our lives — recollections, those per-
haps, we have never realized after their recep-
tion, but lying latent, and only awaiting the re-
quisite and proper stimulus to awaken them and
to bring them to the surface of our life.

"This expresses briefly what wq mean by our
'subliminal consciousness.' "

OBJECTS TO THANKSGIVING.

Jewish Rabbi Finds Danger in the Presidential
Proclamation.

A peculiar phase of the religious situation,
and one which probably reflects, in spite of
its controversial aspect, the tendency to-
ward new religious unity, is shown in the
following from the New York Times:

Philadelphia. — Rabbi Krauskopf, speaking in
the Broad Street Temple, attacked President
Roosevelt's Thanksgiving proclamation and de-
clared that no Thanksgiving service would be
held in his synagogue. He argued that compli-
ance with the proclamation would be subversive
of the religious liberty in which the Nation was
founded, the Constitution of the United States
guaranteeing an absolute separation of Church
and State. His subject was "Sectarianism in
Public Institutions." He said:

"A President's proclamation asking the peo-
ple to assemble for a Thanksgiving service in
their respective places of worship implies either
that such a service is not provided for by the
various church organizations, or that he is
obliged to do so by the laws of the land. As
to the former supposition, none knows better
than President Roosevelt that of all religious
practices none is more frequently enjoined and
none more scrupulously observed than that of

rendering thanks to Him from whom all our
blessings flow. As to the President being re-
quired by law to issue such a proclamation, our
law books fail to show such authority. The
practice is due to custom only.

"The many ways in which the Thanksgiving
Day is observed shows that almost instinctively
the people refuse to take their religious orders
from any save their respective church organiza-
tions. In but comparatively few churches are
services held, and the attendance upon them is
the most meager of the year. Large numbers of
the persons devote the day to feasting and merry-
making. Football games are attended by tens
of thousands, foremost among them the so-called
cream of society, among them many who seldom
absent themselves from the regular services of
the church. Theaters, music halls, and other
places of amusement are crowded on that day.

"I have no objection to Thanksgiving Day as
a day of rejoicing. I would be the last to ad-
vocate its abolition as a secular holiday. We
have none too many holidays, and there is noth-
ing that our Nation needs so much as days of
relaxation. But as much as I favor it as a
secular holiday, I strongly oppose it as a holy
day enjoined by the Government. I regard a
government's interference in matters religious,
or a religious interference in matters political,
as a danger against which we can not be suf-
ficiently on our guard."

ON TRAIL OF THE MISSIONARY.

A Newspaperman Starts Out to Learn Whether
They Are a Value or a Pest.
In no field does the religious element im-
pinge so much upon the practical field of
polities as in the matter of missions. Some-
thing of interest in this direction, evidently.

W CHAS.KE1LUS& CO
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136

THE PANDEX

is at least to be forthcoming if the following
preliminary story from the Pittsburg Dis-
patch may be taken as an indication :

Mr. Ellis's assignment is to make a frank, un-
biased and first-hand newspaper study of what
American missionaries are really doing in for-
eign lands, and how they are doing it; to in-
vestigate the social and religious changes that
are now transforming the East, and to write char-
acter studies of some of the interesting men from
this side who are doing things on the other side
of the world.

A special interest will attach to these letters
on the part of church-going readers, for these
■want to know, in unstereotyped speech, just what
religious work in so-called "heathen" lands is
like and exactly how it is done. Mr. Ellis is com-
missioned as a special representative by the
International Young Men's Christian Associ-
ation, by the World's Christian Endeavor
Union, by the Student Volunteer Movement, by
the Religious Education Association, by the
American National Red Cross Society, by the
Young People's Missionary Movement, and by
the secretaries of all the leading missionary
organizations in the United States and Canada.
He also bears letters from Government officials,
from international business concerns, and from
residents of the Orient, so that all doors will be
open to him and every possible facility extended
for the fullest investigation of his subjects.

Midpaciflc. — I am on the trail of the American
missionary. His footprints are large and deep
and many, and I shall certainly come up with
him. Then we shall know what sort of individual
he is — whether a haloed saint, as the religious
papers represent, or a double-dyed knave, as
many other papers and people assert, or a plain,
every-day American trying to do an extraordi-
nary job to the best of his ability.

Rather queer, isn't it, that after having been
in the business of exporting missionaries for well-
nigh one hundred years America should actually
know so little about the article himself, and be
So decidedly divided as to his value?

For the American missionary has been more a
subject of controversy than American canned
beef. Hundreds of persons who have visited
foreign parts and say they know, and thousands
who declare that they have their information
"straight," declare that the missionary is a sort
of pious bunco man; that he is not wanted where
he works; that he is an unmitigated nuisance,
and he is keenly alert to the welfare of number
one.

Contrariwise, a vastly larger number of per-
sons in every part of the land firmly believe, and
support their conviction by their coin, that the
missionary is a saint and a hero, and the selfless
servant of a thankless world's welfare. All criti-
cism of him they sweepingly resent, and are loath

to hear aught to his dispraise. The apotheosis
of the missionary is a characteristic of modem
religious life.

On a Still Hnnt for Facts.

Curiously enough, the public hears only these
two opinions of the missionary, one of which
represents him as a scoundrel or a fool, the other
of which exalts him as a demi-god. So far as I
am aware, nobody has ever set out, indepen-
dently, and representing no board, society, or
cause, to find out, impartially, the exact facts
in the case. This is the mission I have under-
taken. My journalistic integrity is pledged to
the duty of ascertaining, without favor or fear,
exactly what sort of person the missionary is,
how he works and amid what conditions, and
whether the task he has imposed upon himself
is worth doing at all, and, if so, whether he is
doing it well.

To that end I shall personally examine on the
ground representative enterprises of all denomi-
national and undenominational missions. I shall
attempt to study the workers themselves and
hear their side of the story. With equal diligence
I shall consult qualified native opinion and search
out the foremost foreign critics and ascertain
their views. In a word, with no other purpose
than to give the American public a fair, frank,
full story of this controverted subject, I have
started on this journey around the world. What-
ever the conclusions I may report, they will at
least be honest.

Largest American Business Abroad.

The biggest single foreign enterprise in which
America is engaged is this one of foreign mis-
sions. The rest of the world, and especially the
Orient, knows the Western continent chiefly by
its missionaries. Figured in dollars, the business
last year cost the American public $5,807,165,
paid in by an organization with approximately
12,000,000 shareholders of all religious denomi-
nations, Protestant, Roman Catholic, and Mor-
mon. (The foreign mission work of all coun-
tries cost $15,000,000 yearly.) For all this enor-
mous output the tangible returns to Amtrica
were practically nothing. True, the missionary
helped to create a market for the American pack-
ers ' products and for American locomotives and
sundry other forms of merchandise. But the
church members, as church members, who put
up the money, profited not at all by this.

Apparently, the missionaries themselves, of
whom America maintains 3776 in Japan, China,
Korea, the Philippines, Burma, Siam, India,
Thibet, Persia, Turkey, Egypt, and the South
American countries, do not get rich out of this
vast sum. According to the official figures, which
I secured before leaving the United States, the
missionary's salary ranges from nothing to $1800
a year. The last-named figure is paid to veterans
of the Baptist denomination, who are married
and have families; the former represents the
salary promised to the missionaries of the China
Inland Mission, the Christian and Missionary

THE P AND EX

137

For the clearest exposition of the Anthracite
Coal Monopoly and its dealings with both
miners and customers, read —

DAIN BEARD'S

MOONBLIGHT

AND SIX FEET OF ROMANCE

With fifty pictures by the author; an introductory study
by Mr. Louis F. Post, of The Public, and an appendix
by the author.

" Dan Beard can fit text and illustration in the most striking manner-
Every citizen should know * the fact of the matter,' as here written, and
for those who do not enjoy reports and statistics, yel desire to be posted,
the book is for them-"an opportunity to 'see things as they really
are.* . . . How_ the book arid the mine of the story came to be
named * Moonblight ' is a fascinating bit of narrative. How this man,
who went to ' the struggling, dirty mining town of Pennsylvania * to look
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138

THE PA NDEX

Alliance, and a few other undenominational
bodies.

Per cent

United Presbyterian 4 1-3

Methodist, North 5 2-5

Methodist, South 5 7-10

Baptist, South 6 1-10

Presbyterian, North 6 3-10

Presbyterian, South 7 7-10

Reformed Church 8 7-10

American Board 10 3-5

Protestant Episcopal 11 1-10

Baptist, North 11 1-2

I found these Missionary Board officials a civil
lot. I could have wished the Armstrong Commit-
tee such luck in its investigation of insurance
matters. The boards open wide up, and then
deluge one with information upon his approach.
In fact, the consideration which, more than any
other, tends to predispose me, as an investigator,
toward the missionary people is the heartiness
and frankness with which they seem to welcome
an investigation. Without hesitation they have
afforded me every facility for looking into their
work at home and in foreign lands. They say :
"Find out the worst and tell the public, includ-
ing us. We want to see the thing with the eyes
of a disinterested observer." Surely, I reason,
the organization which maintains that attitude
can not contain much graft, however mistaken
its principles and policies may be.

New Side of College Life.

Picked up in the forest of facts amid which I
found myself, is the news that Yale University
has established a missionary lectureship, with
Professor Harlan P. Beach, an ex-missionary, as
incumbent; and that Yale, Harvard, Princeton,
and the University of Pennsylvania all now
have foreign mission enterprises of their own,
manned by graduates and supported by alumni
and students.

Nothing more extraordinary has come to my
knowledge than the grip the missionary cause
seems to have taken upon the American insti-
tutions of higher learning. The largest and
most representative intercollegiate and under-
graduate gathering ever held on the Western con-
tinent, if not in the world, was the Student
Volunteer Convention in Nashville last spring,
when more than three thousand students, from
some four hundred universities, colleges, and
academies, met in a remarkable convention.
About three thousand of these volunteers have
gone to foreign parts since the movement was
inaugurated in 1892.

In connection with this body and other organ-
izations of young people there has been a phe-
nomenal development of the study of missionary
literature, and within a dozen years more than
600,000 purely missionary books have been sold.

Hard Knocks for the Missionaries.

Quite different are the stories I hear in other
quarters. One of the higher officers of the Pacific
Mail Steamship Company assured me, as one

who knows, that "the missionaries are a lot
of grafters. But," he added, with the charac-
teristic commercial spirit of the day, "I do not
want to see their graft stopped, for it pays us
to carry them."

A Hong Kong merchant aboard ship declared
that "the missionaries are a pack of scoundrels.
They are overbearing, lazy, pestiferous fellows,
recruited only from the very lowest ranks of
society in America and Great Britain." That
last was a little more than I could swallow, for
it went contrary to my personal knowledge in
numerous instances. The missionary may prove
to be a bad egg when he reaches foreign shores,
but every college man in the land knows the
stock from which he springs. I recalled while
leaning over the rail conversing with Mr. Hong
Kong Merchant, that a few weeks before I had
read an enthusiastic autograph letter from Presi-
dent Roosevelt to Rev. Dr. Arthur H. Smith
(father of the project of bringing Chinese stu-
dents to American universities) concerning tlie
latter 's books on China. A few days previously
Dr. Smith had been the President's guest at
luncheon.

As a matter of candor, I may say that thus
far I am having some difficulty in running down
to particulars the countless charges against the
missionaries. I hope to have better fortune in
foreign lands. As an illustration of my troubles,
there is the instance of a fellow-passenger on the
transpacific steamer, the wife of a Philippine
official. She had learned the nature of my quest.
"I am glad you are going to get after the mis-
sionaries, and I hope you will rip them up the
back," she began breezily. "We who travel
and live out here know that they are a bad lot."
Yet she could not, when urged, become more
definite, and, although long a resident of Manila
and an Episcopalian, she confessed that she had
never heard or met Bishop Brent, the brilliant
head of the Philippine missions of her church.

Good Morals but Bad Manners.

Already I have a dim suspicion that one rea-
son for the antipathy which many travelers have
to missionaries is to be found in the latter 's
attitude toward life aboard ship and in port
cities. The missionary is, I infer, often narrow
and intolerant, and desirous of imposing his
standards upon everybody. He is prone to make
unmannerly remarks about the amount of drink-
ing that goes on, seven days a week, aboard
ship. The incessant gambling, also, of the smok-
ing room and ship saloons gets on his puritanical
nerves. He can not see — and he is entirely too
blunt and inconsiderate, I believe, in expressing
this opinion — why practices should be counted
good form aboard ship that are contrary to the
law of the land when ashore. That is the way
he justifies his tactlessly aired opinions.

Tourists do not like to have the narrow stand-
ards of the missionaries thus flung at their heads
censoriously; and they are not likely to form an-
entirely favorable estimate of their critics. "Too
many young missionaries," said a famous vet-

THE PANDEX

139

CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING

W. p. Calkins, President

Hartford Building

Gentlemen:

The Pandex of the Press

Percy C. Pickkell. Manager

Telephone Central 6765

Chicago, III., Dec. 1, 1906.

What do you think of this plan of getting your advertising for nothing.'

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It.

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Please meatlon The Pandex when wrltlBK to Advertlseni.

140

THE r A N D E X

eran missionary to me a few minutes ago,'
"think that they must start out by trying to
convert the whole ship. They do not try to
mingle socially and congenially with their fellow-
passengers. They acquire an identity as mission-
aries, rather than as men and women."

The same man, himself a resident of Yoko-
hama, is authority for the statement that mis-
sionaries in port cities maintain an attitude of
aloofness or separation toward other foreigners.
They apparently reason that they have come out
to work for the natives, and so they can not
give any time to the European community. The
result is inevitably a lack of mutual sympathy
and understanding, and the creation of a hostile
spirit on both sides. A good missionary, I take
it, needs to be a good "mixer"; he must know
how to be a man among all kinds of men; else
his usefulness, his reputation, and his calling
will suffer.

Still, whatever his faults or virtues, the mis-
sionary is an interesting personality. He man-
ages to keep pretty much in the public eye,
whether by being kidnapped by brigands, mas-
sacred by Chinese, by being lost in Africa's wil-
derness, by making work for the nation's gun-
boats and marines and diplomats, by running
genuine relief enterprises, or by being decorated
by kings, emperors, and scientific societies.

LOVE IN THE CAR.

A motor car is not the place

To court a girl with ease and grace,

You'll find you can't keep up the pace

And woo her.
Your eyes on the road ahead,
There isn't much that can be said;
You really dare not turn your head

To view her.

Her color comes, her color goes.
On either side the landscape flows;
The motor is the worst of foes

To Cupid.
The man who guides his flying car
Along love's lane will ne'er go far;
He'll fetch up with an awful jar —

The stupid !

'Tis better then to wisely wait.
And when you strike a tamer rate
Along the path from papa's gate —

Why, view her.
There'll be no throttle there nor brake.
No speeds your anxious thoughts to take,
No fear of skid or bump or break —

So woo her.

— Exchange.

FOR PREVENTING SUICIDE.

A NEW YORK MINISTER INAUGURATES A MOVEMENT WHICH HAS

ALREADY RESCUED A LARGE NUMBER OF PERSONS OF BOTH

SEXES FROM THE TAKING OF THEIR OWN LIVES.

Twelve men and women, frankly declaring that
they believed suicide to be the only way out of
difficulties in which they found themselves, have
sought the aid of the Reverend Henry M. War-
ren, chaplain of the city hotels, within the last
five days in response to a general invitation ex-
tended by him to those who contemplated suicide,
in which he said he would help them to change
their minds. This invitation was given by Doctor
Warren in his service last Sunday night in the
Fifth Avenue Hotel and was printed in the
Herald the next day.

In his sermon Doctor Warten said there were
scores of strangers in New York every day
who had come there with the well-founded in-
tention of ending their lives. They came, he >
said, because they could easily conceal or lose
their identity.

Doctor Warren argued that the suicidal intent
of such persons might often be thwarted if they

only had some person to whom they could pour
out their hearts at the critical moment in their
unhappy lives. They almost invariably came
to the city alone and were therefore without
counsel when the contending thoughts coursed
through their brains. To serve as a personal
friend rather than as a minister, Doctor Warren
made his recjuest that all persons so inclined
see him before they carried out their purposes.

Twelve men and women have confessed person-
ally to Doctor Warren that they intended to
commit suicide, and he has received more than
a score of letters from others^ who, although not
intending to end their lives, have declared them-
selves to be in dire straits, from which they
believed, they said, there was no departure save
by extreme methods.

Keeps Identity Secret.

Doctor Y7arren granted an interview (o the

THE PANDEX

141

CONSUMPTION

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142

THE PANDEX

Herald touching the cases of those who called
on him, but refused to divulge the names or
addresses of any of them.

"One of the most striking instances," said
Doctor Warren, "was that of a^ man who came
to this city from Boston. He is the manager of
a large manufacturing concern there and has a
wife and several daughters. Family and finan-
cial difficulties caused him to ponder over suicide
as a way out of his difficulties, and he came to
this city and registered in the Grand Union
Hotel under an assumed name. He had told his
family he was going to the Pacific Coast on
business.

' ' On his way through the lobby to a drug
store, where he expected to purchase poison, he
saw my explanatory card and asked the clerk
about me. He came to see me, and by remain-
ing with him for a whole day I got him to go
back home. I have received a letter from him
telling me I saved him from what he saw after-
wards would have been an awful mistake."

Many of the cases which have come to Doctor
Warren's personal attention arose from lack of
funds. Others were caused directly by business
or professional failure. As an illustration. Doc-
tor Warren quoted this letter:

"Dear Sir: — I have read a reprint of your
'invitation to suicide' in the Herald. Well, you
may give new hope and life to some, but not
to me. Some, like I, have suffered so long that
any kind of rest must be welcomed. Years ago,
a graduate of the Universities of Zurich and
Munich, I started life full of hope and ambition
as an architect. Now, after untold hardships, I
mean to end it, and not even my wife can
prevent it, I fear. If there is any power in
words, for my wife's sake give me hope. Things
are dark, dark — so dark. Send for me.

"New York, November 26, 1906."

Another Man Saved.

"About three days ago," continued Doctor
Warren, "a Scotchman came and told me he
was going to commit suicide. Although his
clothes were shabby, one could tell that they had
been cut from good material. He told me that
a year ago he had been a well-to-do merchant
in Glasgow, that he had failed in business, had
been deserted subsequently by his wife, and had
fled to America. For several months he said he
had worked as a clerk, but had lost his position
when his employers cut down their force of
clerical men. The rest of his story was short.
He had gone from bad to worse until he sought
sleep on park benches and food anywhere.

"Several days ago, he said, he picked up a
Herald on a bench in Central Park and read
the account of my sermon on suicides and came
to see me. I got him work and to-day he has
no thought of suicide."

Illustration of the mental state of women
who plan to commit suicide is this letter, received
a few days ago by Doctor Warren :

' ' Dear Doctor Warren : — I read of your ser-
mon in Monday's Herald. You stated that any

person in trouble who expected to commit sui-
cide should come to you first and you would
advise them. I must see you at once.

"I am just now impelled to do anything, how-
ever desperate. I can't tell my troubles to my
friends. I can't do it — I haven't the heart. I
must tell some one. I would rather die, however,
than even give an inkling of my difficulty to
my friends."

Another case of which Doctor Warren told
was that of the son of a banker living in River-
side Drive, who, after he had made one unsuc-
cessful attempt to end his life, was dissuaded
from a second attempt.

"This young man," said Doctor Warren, "is
a college graduate and independently wealthy.
He told me he had tried to die by inhaling illu-
minating gas in his bedroom. A servant, how-
ever, had entered his room and turned off the
gas and he let the matter pass as accidental.
He told me he wanted to die because a young
woman to whom he had been engaged had broken
the engagement and been married to another
man. Imagine my astonishment when he told
me that I had performed the wedding ceremony
myself.

"I soothed him and told him I was not posi-
tive that I had ever performed such a ceremony
and that he might have heard an erroneous re-
port. He thought his case over for an hour,
shook hands and said goodby. He is to-day as
happy as ever, having heard that the report was
false, and I have learned that the sweetheart's
quarrel may be patched up soon.

Letter from St. Louis.

Unusual because of its grim philosophy is this
letter recently received by Doctor Warren from
a man in St. Louis :

"Dear Sir: — I have seen your appeal in the
paper to the effect that any one who intended
suicide could address you. As I am one of those
unfortunate ones, or, perhaps, fortunate ones
who can make up his mind to such a step under
certain circumstances, I address you frankly.

"The first question you'll ask me is, 'Is life
worth living?' My reply is that it is, but when
you have a family depending upon you and you
can not make a livelihood for them you are only
an extra burden, whereas they would benefit by
your death. They would get the life insurance.
If I stay here much longer even this will be
gone, as I am unable to keep it up. I am fifty
years old. I was in business for myself, but
failed in 1902 by endorsing notes for others. I
am now out of work. You may think it an easy
thing to get a position at ray time of life. Just
try it and you will learn differently; nobody
wants you. * * *

"Quotations from Scripture and sermons will
not be of any assistance. It is practical assist-
ance that is wanted, and to get this practical
assistance the Lord must help those who help
themselves. The only practical help I see is
suicide. ' '

"This man's case, hopeless though it may

THE PANDEX

143

PHEN
PHEN
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PHEN
PHEN
PHEN
PHEN
PHEN
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P H E N
P H E N
PHEN
PHEN
PHEN
PHEN
PHEN
P H E N
PHEN
PHEN
PHEN
PHEN
PHEN
PHEN
PHEN
PHEN
PHEN
PHEN
PHEN
PHEN
PHEN
PHEN
PHEN
PHEN
PHEN
PHEN
PHEN
PHEN
PHEN
PHEN
PHEN
PHEN
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PHENIX PHENIX PHENIX PHENIX PHENIX

PHENIX

INSURANCE COMPANY

OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK

NET SURPLUS OVER
$2,000,000.00

GEORGE P. SHELDON President

GEORGE INGRAHAM Vice-President

CHAS. F. KOSTER Secretary

J. H. LENEHAN, General Agent

Western and Southern Department, Chicago, Illinois

A, C. OLDS, State Agent for Pacific Coast

KOHL BUILDING. SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA

BOOLE-SLOANE CO., Inc.

CITY AGENTS

FERRY BUILDING

CITY REPRESENTATIVE
NOBLE H. EATON

218-219 KOHL BUILDING

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I'leaae mention The Paudex when writing to Advertisers.

144

THE PANDEX

seem, should not in reality be so," said Doctor
Warren. "If there were some one to whom
he could go in St. Louis, some one to advise him,
I feel sure that the cloud would be dispelled."

"Several days ago," continued Doctor War-
ren, "a smartly gowned woman about thirty-five
years old, came to see me. She told me she was
a widow and had until then been in financial
straits for several months. She said she had
left her boarding house two weeks previous with-
out paying her bill, being ashamed to say she
had no money. She handed me $90 and begged
me to go and pay the bill. She said she had
feared arrest daily and had several times been
on the point of committing suicide because of
sheer mortification. I paid the bill and this
woman's troubles ended."

"Only Wednesday a young woman told me
she had intended to commit suicide unless she
was able to get a position at once to buy her
food and shelter. I talked to her for several
hours and sent her away in a cheerful mood.
All she needed was a ray of hope and a sugges-
tion as to how and where to find employment."
"I am in a dreadful fix," wrote a woman. "I
am here alone in the city, my only home being
a rented room at $2 a week. I owe $3 on it
and all I have is five cents in cash. I am too
weak from lack of food to even hunt work. I
never thought I would be in such a predicament
when, several years ago, my husband (now dead)

was pastor of the Church, in , and

I was organist."

"This letter," said Doctor Warren, "is only
one of many of its type. A few dollars from
some fund would help such persons to their
feet."

RAG CARPET WEAVING, ^'« ^r
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Send for Circulars. GEO. MATTHEW.

709 Fifth St.. Oakland, Cal.

Real Elstate

BURR-PADDON COMPANY. (Inc.). the Leading Real Estate Agents.
Main Offices, 1694 Fillmore Street, San Francisco, Cal. Branch at 950
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THL
LAST

COWBOY

The Last Cowboy looked at the caravan of
prairie schooners waiting for the opening of the
Big Pasture. Far away the wisps of smoke from
a flouring mill blurred the horizon.
"Mexico for me," was all he said.
There are no more Big Pastures. There was
all of Oklahoma once. Then the Government cut
down the range by the great opening of 1888.
Then there was the Cherokee Strip and this went
out in the great rush of 1893. Then there was
No Man's Land, and this is now a peaceful
county in Oklahoma, settled by the despised
"Nestors." Then there was the I. X. L., with
its three million acres in a solid body. This has
been cut up in small farms and Amarillo, the old
cattle outfitting point, has become a city of farm-
ers. And last of all was the Big Pasture. Now
that is going.

The Last Cowboy was too good a loser to
whimper. "It was a great day for us while it
lasted," he said. "All of this western country
was ours. We could ride where we pleased,
shoot where we pleased, when we pleased, and
almost whoever we pleased, and no questions
asked. We made this country, or at least this
part of the country. We got here when the In-
dians were here. We drove out the Indians.
Then we drove out the wolves. Then we exter-
minated the coyotes and prairie dogs. Now we
have got to follow the long trail. No more
United States for us. The blamed old Nestor
has made us hard to catch. It's home and kids
and the quiet life for us after this.

"But we have done some things besides shoot
up towns and make tenderfeet dance in booze
joints. First of all we tamed the Comanches.
We had a hard tussel with them redskins, but
we made Christians out of them before we got
through and they are the peaceablest Indians
in the West to-day. We fought 'em all the way
from the Cimarron to the Rio Grande, through
the sage brush and the chaparral till they quit
stealing ponies and quit burning towns. The
picture books don't give us any credit for this.
They just tell about the times when we got off
the range on a budge hunt. Yet we were the
long arm of the law in this Western country up
to the time the 'Nestors' began to get thick
some twelve or fifteen years ago. Time was
when you could go five hundred miles on a stretch
and never strike a constable. It was the cow-
boy who kept out the cattle thief, who kept out
the train robbers and the murderers and the

T H E P A N D E X 14')

All the Way

CAUFORNIA LIMITED
OVERLAND EXPRESS

Only Direct Line to Kansas City — Chicago

Ask the Santa Fe Agent

Ferry Building, San Francisco, Cal.

Pleaae nK-atlon The Pnndex when wrltlnx to Advertiser*.

146

THE PANDEX

—Judge.

SORT OF A SOUFFLE SOUND.
"Sh-s-s-s! They're eating dinner now."
" Are you sure .'"
"Yes; 1 bear father eating soup.'*

rest of the bunch who go out principally in the
night time.

"Of course it hurts. When a fellow has got
used to 'gyp' water and the mirages, when the
shadows of the mountains take on the gold and
silver in the evenings, when the gray of the
sage brush gets into the blood, a fellow kind of
hates to leave it. It's been home to us from
the time we could throw our legs across a pony's
back. The great winking stars at night and the
great staring sun in the daytime — they have
burned their way into the marrow of our bones.
We have been brother to the desert loneliness,
to the gray wolf and the slinking coyote, com-
panions of the dumb brutes who feed on the
rolling prairies. And it's hard to quit. It's
hard to think we have reached Lands End, that
the old free life has gone forever
and that from this time on we must
adopt domestic habits or go to
where there are no wire fences, no
railroads, and no 'Nestors.' Think
of me with a bunch of kids."

And he laughed way down in the
cavernous rfecesses of his sun-
browned chest.

"Wouldn't I make a pretty
father? Why the first time I tried
to hold a baby I would let him drop
and break his head. It's Mexico
or the Philippines or dinky old
Argentina for me."

The pinto pony grazed around at
his feet and he pulled at the pipe
for a minute.

"Now, wouldn't it jar yOu to
think that the Indian has outlived
the cowboy after all? That's the
hell of it. We must go alone. We
are the last of what the literary
fellers call a type. But the old
paint-faced Indians remain and the
Government feeds 'em. That's
what makes me want to go out and
turn loose this old gun of mine six
times more for luck. Still it's all
in the game and when a man calls
the turn wrong he's got no right to
holler when the dealer rakes in

the chips. It's just a case of betting on the
wrong card. We thought it was going to last
forever. We thought there was room enough in
other parts of the country for the fool farmers
without their trying to cut up the big ranches.
That 's where we got off wrong. And the damned
Indian who didn't think, who didn't have no
think, is here, and we are the ones to go. And
the first son of a gun of an Indian who laughs
at me is going to get what's coming to him.
He's going to get it so the doctors, won't be of
much use to him.

' ' Some fellers have been telling me to give
it up and settle down, to acquire a section of
land and raise a family. Now, that sounds good
to a man who has always had a policeman to
see that he got home all right every night and
who wears slippers when he goes out on the porch
to get his morning paper, but none of it for
Willie. The old saddle for a pillow, the ground
for a bed and the long wail of the coyote to
sing me to sleep. I'd just as soon be in jail as
cooped up in a cottage. The stampede, the long,
long days on the Montana trail, the night rides,
the thirst and the hunger and the good old windy
ranges are what call to me. A man who has
had his feet frozen to his stirrups, who has had
snow-blindness and sand-blindness, who has
thrown wild steers with his naked hands and
snapped rattlesnakes' heads off as a child would
pop a whip, would look like a fool beside a fire-
side with a baby on his knee."

There was a long pause and the pipe sent long

ALL FOOT-WORK.
The Girl — " Oh. isn't this heavenly, Charley, dear!
he forgets half the time we've a patent piano-player."

Papa's so absent-minded
—Puck.

THE PANDEX

147

When you are interested in trunks or
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There's Reason in It.

A man who has used the Williams
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H. A. HOWARD. Proprietor.

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IF YOU HAVE NOT YET INVESTIGATED THE

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fl ORCHARD AND FARM, the most handsomely executed farm publication in
the United States, is published in San Francisco, and is 20 years old.

q THROUGH ITS COLUMNS during the year 1907 we shall be delighted
to take you to California twelve times. We will tell you of the great reclama-
tion work in the Western States. We will show you how crops are produced
through the process of irrigation. We will keep you posted on horticulture and
floriculture in the land where trees blossom and bloom the whole year 'round
and where flowers never fade.

q WE WILL PROVE TO YOU the great progress in live stock development
in the States west of the Rockies. In fact, through the columns of ORCHARD
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of the Rockies.

TREE

q THE MARTHA WASHINGTON NEEDLE CASE with one year's sub-
scription to ORCHARD AND FARM. This is a beautiful leatherette case
which is filled with all the needles that a woman will use from the age of four-
teen until she is ninety-four. Also, IT IS WELL STOCKED with the
"Can't Bend 'Em Pins. "

q THIS CASE IS WORTH $1.00, and it cannot be bought at any store in
the world. We will give it absolutely free with one year's subscription to
ORCHARD AND FARM.

q THIS OFFEIR is good for either old or new subscribers.
Cut Out and Mail Today

THE CALKINS NEWSPAPER SYNDICATE. Hsriioid Bldg.. Chicago.

Gentlemen ; I am enclosing $ 1 .00, for which please send to my address immediately the
Martha Washington Needle Case and your publication. Orchard and Farm, for one

year.

NAME

STREET ..
CITY..

STATE..

Please mentton The Pandex n-hen nrltlnB to AdvertUer*.

148

THE PANDEX

streamers into the hazy blue of the sky. He pinching shoe. Still, it all comes to the same in

kicked with his heels in the sand and watched the eiid."

the sun going down. He swung himself into the saddle, the pony

"Well, we'll go up into British Columbia, swept across the plain in a long easy "lope."

maybe. They tell me there's big ranges up For miles you could see him, a lonely figure

THOROUGH BUT NOT PEDANTIC.

(Overheard at the Louvre.)

American Tourist (suspiciously) — "Say, guide, haven't we seen this room before?"
Guide — "Oh, no, monsieur."

Americaji Tourist — "Well, see here. We want to see eversrthing, but we don't want to see
anything twice!"

—Punch.

there. Anyway, we're not wanted here. It's limned against the sun. He disappeared over a

skidoo. Go away, old peoples, go away. If it rise in the prairie and the shadows fell. The

wasn't that the damned Indian has got the laugh last of the old-time cowboys had become just a

on us at the last — that's the rub; that's the memory.

THE PANDEX

149

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New York

Philadelphia

Chicago

Cleveland

St. Louis

San Francisco

150

THE PANDEX

A VANISHED COMMODITY

Old-Fashioned Brown Sugar with All Its De-
lights Is Gone.

"What I waiit, " said the top-flatter who was
buying groceries, "is some brown sugar. Got
any?"

The clerk said he had and sifted out a shovel-
ful of sugar in to the tray.

"Hold on a minute," said the top-flatter.
"That isn't brown sugar. It's the kind you fel-
lows all over town have been trying to sell me
for brown sugar, but it isn't brown; it's a pale,
whitish, sickly yellow. What I call brown
sugar is the kind mother used to sweeten the
pies with when I- was a kid. Don't you remem-
ber it? It was dark and coarse-grained and
full of lumps as big as your fist. There was more
of the concentrated essence of sweetness in one
of those lumps than in a whole shovelful of this
yellow stuff, and after a fellow had sneaked a
chunk of it out of the barrel and crawled off
under the back stairs and gobbled it in secrel
he was fairly oozing sugar at every pore. Thai
is the kind of sugar I want. Got any?"

"No, sir," said the clerk, "we don't keep
it. It is very old fashioned. There is only a
little of it put on the market."

The top-flatter sighed. "I understand now,"
he said, "why so many cakes and pies and
preserves don't taste right."

Too Bad to Be True.

The hall bedroom boarder, who had been I'e-
cently married, rose screaming from his nuptial
couch.

"What in the world is the matter, dearest?"
exclaimed his bride.

"I dreamed," and he shuddered almost to the
swooning point at the memory; "I dreamed that
I saw a forest scene like the one in the home-
made oil painting in my room at the boarding
house. ' '

Reminding him of the impossibility of such
a thing, the young woman managed to quiet the
terrified man. — Judge.

Forewarned.
"How is the water in the bath, Fifi?"
"Please, my lady, it turned baby fairly blue."
"Then don't put Fido in for an hour or so."
— Courier- Journal .

■ The First Quarrel.
Adam — It's all off. Good-bye forever!
Eve — Then take back your rib.

Some men grow, under responsibility, and oth-
ers were swell. — Puck.

If conscience makes cowards of us all, cow-
ardice, on the other hand, gives some of us about
all the conscience we ever know. — Puck.

New Lamps for Old.

Johnny's dog, Tige, was a nuis-
ance. His pet theory must have
been that all things were created
to be destroyed — at least, so his
practices indicated. Johnny's folks
were anxious to be rid of Tige,
and at last they decided to work
upon the lad's affections with lucre.

"Johnny," said his father one
day, "I'll give you five dollars if
you'll get rid of that dog."

Johnny gasped at the amount,
swallowed hard at thought of Tige,
and said he would think it over.

The next day at dinner he made
the laconic announcement: "Pa, I
got rid of Tige."

"Well, I certainly am delighted
to hear it," said the father.
"Here's your money; you've
earned it. How did you get rid of
the nuisance?"

"Traded him to Bill Simpkins
for two yellow pups." answered
Johnny. — Lippincott 's.

In time, no doubt, all kinds of
geese will fly south in the fall, ex-
cept the very timidest, who will
always go by rail, probably. — Puck.

IT'S IN THE AIR.
' VVliat on eartti are you doine with those electric fans .^"
' Preparing for to-morrow's spin, my dear."

—New York Herald.

THE PA NDEX

151

DAY CURE'

PILES

CURBS ANB PRCVCNTS
FUTURE ATTACKS,

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Chicago Conservatory

Dr. WILLIAM WADE HINSHAW, President

31st Season

Most Complete Conservatory of Music and Dramatic

Art in America. Eminent Faculty of 60 Instructors.

IWF BRANCHES OF STUDY — Piano. Vocal. VioHn, Public School
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SO Free and 100 Partial Scholarahipa.
Send Stamp Address JOHN A. HINSHAW, Manajer

IG^;- for Catalogue. Auditorium Building, Chicago.

THE GERMAN SAVINGS & LOAN SOCIETY

526 California St., San Francisco, Cal.

Guaranteed Capital and Surplus
Capital actually paid up in caah ■
DeposiU, June 30, 1906 - - -

$ 2,552.719.61

1,000.000.00

38.476.520.22

F. Tlllmann. Jr.. PresUent; Daniel Meyer. First Vice-President;
Emll Rohte. Second Vice-President; A. H. R. Schmidt. Cashier; Wm.
Herrmann. Asst. Cashier; Gearje Toumy, Secretary; A. H. Muller.
Asst. Secretary : Geodfellow A Eells. General Attorneys.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS:

F. Tillmann. Jr.. Daniel Meyer. Emil Rohte, Ign. Steinbart. 1. N.
Walter. N. Ohlandt. J. Wf. Van Bergen. E. T. Kruse. W. S. Goodfellow.

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OEN'L PASS AGENT, ASST, OEHL PASSR ACENT,

LOS ANGELES, CAL.
Pleaae mention Tfce Pandex when nrrltlng; to Advertisers.

152

THE PANDEX

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This high grade brush retails at from 50 to 75c.

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READ

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The ptaonoeraph is Mr. Edison's pet and
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EDISON

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though detracting from the real vatue of ihe phonograph. I^Ir.
Edison orcoiirse covered the [^ood polntH of the phonograph by
his patents; it is the only one of h]» inventloDs In which he Is
stlU actively Interested, working dally in the phonograph lab-
oratory. And we need not argu« with you aa to the merits of
Mr. Edison's invention compared with the work of some other
"Inventor" or "inventors,"

We want toprot'f fo you by this remarkable free trial offer
what everybody In the talking machine business openly or
■ecretly admits about the wonderful superiority of Hr. Edison's
own Initrument.

buys the great outfit No. 5. and t^
costs you ag little as if you paid cash
(not even Interest on payments) totsl
cost only $27.50.

fJO O^Ti'tt^ a W/^#»Alr *°*^ upward for other
cJV «-CtIL9 A W CCi\ genuine Edison outflta.

No discount for cash ^^ ^'•^^ '^^^ purchasers are tak-
IXO aiSCOUnr lOr Casn ,„g advantage of tbia offer to ae-
cure the finest Improved Edison outfits at present prlcas, that
we aie often asked for some cash distiount. We must Inform you
that the prices at which we now sell on time are already so low
(the lowest allowed under the patent laws) that we cannot give
you anything off for cash. If you prefer, send cash In full after
i8 hours* free trial In your home. No reapontibU party need
send any cash with order.

By making this offer it is unnecessary to Aoht imitators in court, for
they simply cannot compete. You get the benefit in the rock-bottom
price and easy-payment terms on the finest genuine Edison outfits.

You cannot Imaiplne how much pleasure you and your family, old and younK. will g^et
from the genuine Edison until you have tried it in your own home. Waltzes, two-steps,
minstrel shows and grand opera. Perfect reproduction. The improved Edison phono-
graphs are no ordinary automatic entertainers, but musical Instruments of highest merit.

WRITE for Catalog

You need not bother with wrltlnK a letter. Just write your name and addresa ^ <^
plainly on coupon : put the coupon in an envelope and mail it today. Edison cata- ^ >p
Iocs, special circular on the new style improyed Edison outfits and Edison record cata- > ^^ ^

no money /y^ »,-
down. Wouldn't you like to try the new sty le Edison phonograpb ' ^jSy ^ »

Frederick Babson / ^"^^^^^^

149-150 Michigan Av*. * o'^'V^'^Sv*'

loff will be mailed free prepaid. Remember, frte trial-
down. Wouldn't you like to try th
Oet the Edison catalog anyway Sim the coupon now.

^^ij — ~p^ Suite 1661 Chicago, III.

15 Cents

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Some Thoughts About The Pandex

From a New York Newspaper Man

W. J. Lampton, inventor of the famous "Yawp" Verte*

Pandex came and I'm here to say that it is the best yet along
general reading lines. I don't know what you are doing in ex-
tending its circulation, but it seems to me that you should build
it up into the 1 00 thousands. As a magazine for the people
who live beyond the daily paper zone, it leads all and should be
in every farmer's house. I showed it to a Swiss editor who is
here seeing the country and learning about us, and he will write
you about having it sent to him, not in exchange, but for his $1 .50.

From the San Francisco
Chronicle

The January Pandex of The Press is crowded with readable
matter, as December was rich in noteworthy news. The Pres-
ident's message is printed in full, and the editor announces that
any one who wishes the message in a separate pamphlet may
get it by sending 1 0 cents in stamps to the publisher. This is a
sensible scheme for any one who wishes to preserve a copy of
the message in convenient form. The main topics that are dis-
cussed in this number are the war against trusts, the coal famine,
the Japanese school question, the financial outlook, the Panama
canal and ships, etc. The editor's comment is strong and pithy
and the cartoons and other illustrations throw amusing side lights
on the news. The Pandex is by all odds the most readable of
the magazines and it is indispensable to the busy man who wishes
to keep posted on the News of the world.

From a Subscriber in Seattle

J. p. Martin, Real Estate

I am highly pleased with The Pandex. It is more than all the
other magazines put together for a man with limited time to de-
vote to current events.

THE PANDEX OF THE PRESS

Edited by Arthur I. Street

INDEX TO CONTENTS

Series II.

FEBRUARY. 1907

Vol. V. No. 2

COVER — Wall Street Snuggery — Adapted from
Chicago News

frontispiece: — voted for It. — New York
World.

EDITORIAL — From State to Religion 153

FEW DAYS OF FELLOWSHIP 162

No Eviction Christmas Eve 162

Poor and Wealthy Get Money 162

Cincinnati Men Receive Gifts 163

$50,000 by Special Train 163

Santa Claus in Baltimore 164

J51. 230.294 Given to Charity 166

Europe's Christmas Cheer 166

Christmas Strilte in Schools 168

Condemns Christmas Feeds 169

T. VESUVIUS ROOSEVELT— Verse and Car-
toon 170

HARRIMAN VS. ROOSEVELT 172

Congress Ready for a Fuss 173

Must Use His Big Stick. . .' 173

Democrat to the Defense 173

President Right; No Row 174

Charged with "Fatuous Meddling" 174

Fine, McCutcheon '175

Will Break Message Habit 176

Fines and Jail Scare Railways 176

Root for Senator 178

Gompers Cries Fraud 178

Dare Not Revise Tariff 179

"Thru" It Shall Be 179

"The Beloved, Exalted Roosevelt ' 180

FIGHTING "THE MEDDLER."

Harriman Leads Forces 180

Criticism Resented by President 184

LABOR AT THE PLAY 185

ROCKEFELLER AS "KING OF THE REPUB-
LIC" 189

VERSE.

A Wail 192

Story of the Rich Man 192

PRICES, FUEL, AND WEATHER 193

May Cost Many Lives 193

Famine Felt in Canada 194

Starvation Behind Famine 196

Fuel Famine a Conspiracy 196

Southwest Losing Millions 196

Shippers Partly to Blame 197

Hill, J. J., on Coal Famine 198

High Prices for Every Necessity 198

HUMOR 204

SEVEN MONTHS AT SEA WITH A DRY DOCK 205

THE GOLDEN BAIT OF NEVADA 206

HARRIMAN'S DEFEAT OF HILL 209

VERSE 210

STATE RIGHTS VS. STATE DUTIES 211

Democrats See a Live Issue 211

Root Explains Talk 212

Chicago to Lead World 212

May Amend Crime Laws 214

Slot-Machines Tax Bill 214

Some Proposals in Colorado 214

Reforms Strong in West 215

New Anti-Tipping Bill 216

Big Year for Legislatures 216

"State Rights" Go to Court 218

Hughes Blames Laws for Evils 218

Texas Car Shortage Remedy 219

Ohio Liquor Law to Stand 219

Square Deal in Pennsylvania 219

Sovereign State not a Nation 219

Manitoba for Public Telephones 220

Owe City Enormous Debt 220

Fight on Municipal Plant 220

Municipal Plant a Success 222

Bryan's Reply to Root 222

Europe on States' Rights Fight 222

Protectionism Followed Civil War 223

Folk Wants a Lot of Things 223

HEROES OF THE PHILIPPINES 224

VERSE 228

CHAPTER IN RAPID TRANSIT TOLD IN
CARTOONS . , , 229

RELIGION AS AN ISSUE 233

Vatican Issues a Note 233

Pope Would Be a Martyr 234

Evangelizing the World 234

Ministers Will Edit Paper 235

War on Sunday Theaters.' 235

Fight for Open Sunday 23S

Church Wins in Porto Rico 235

Pulpit the Coward's Castle 236

Man Superior to Commerce 236

It's a Moral Problem 238

Church Neglects Labor 238

Legislation No Cure for Ills 239

Puritan Day In Boston 239

Union of All the Protestants 240

Confucius Promoted 240

Madhl to Reconquer Egypt 240

Services in Many Languages •. 241

Daniel II, Latest Prophet 241

Scientist Exposes "Miracle" 242

Why Sam Jones was a Clown 242

Saving Souls at 101 243

SEPARATION ACT — FULI- TEXT 243

"I,ORD OF THE ■WORLD, ROI^Ij OVEHl ME".. 2H

BETWEEN SEX AND DUTY 253

De Raylan's Sex Known . 253

Wife Beat De Raylan 254

Madman Poses as Woman 256

Senorlta Dressed as Tramp 258

First to Hold Indiana Office 258

Women in Postal Service 258

Women Happy Without 'Vote 259

Corelli Calls Woman Names 259

Luxury-Loving Wives Crush Souls 260

Fight to Separate Elections 260

Names Woman Deputy Sheriff 260

Women Outgrowing Men 260

Trade Schools for Girls 261

How Women Waste Millions 261

Labor Laws for Women 261

Hotel for Women a Failure 262

Paper Published by Women 262

Woman's Brain for Sale 264

Sees Good in Race Restriction 264

Question of Courage 265

French Women and Corsets 265

Nine Years to Malte a Dress 265

Down With the Broom 266

Cannes Feels Man Famine 266

Woman Moonshiner 266

Stare at Weil-Known Women 267

Jilted Because of Beauty 268

His "Tootsy Wootsy" 269

Girl Wife Traded for Them 269

Sisters In Duel for Love 269

THE "NEW MAN" 270

FAMOUS DUEL ON MISSISSIPPI SAND 272

VERSE 276

A YEAR'S EXTRAVAGANCE IN NEW YORK. 278

TALE IN CARTOONS 282

THE HUNTER, THE ANIMAL AND THE RE-
VENGE 286

Killed a Silver Fox 286

Wild Dogs of India 286

Monster Wildcat 287

Tigers Reared by Dogs 287

Cat Hunts Like Bird Dog 287

Mouse That Robbed Railroad 287

Fought Snakes Three Hours 288

Fiddling Charms Wolves 288

To Domesticate Eight Foxes 288

Monopoly on Chickens 390

Eagle Attacks Hunter 292

Hunting Jaguars In Mexico 292

Dogs as Holiday Gifts 295

Hotel for Dogs Pills Need 298

Ontario's Great Hunting Record 300

Real Fish Story 300

Man With a "Night Eye" 302

PUBLISHED THE FIRST OF EACH MONTH BY

THE CALKINS NEWSPAPER SYNDICATE

OFFICES:
24 Clay Street. S«n FranoKO. Tribune Building, New 'Votk.

Hartford Building. Chicago.

Editorial Office. I : MiU VaUey. Gal.

Entered at the San Francisco Postoffice a. Second - claM Mail Matter ' 5 Cents tSe Copy. $1 .50 Per Year

Write for Catalogue

A. B. Smith Co.

Turk St. and Van Ness Ave., San Francisco, Cal.

There's Reason in It.

A man who has used the Williams
Typewriter for five years is in a posi-
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it is a comparative knowledge, too:
Rockland Commercial College

ROCKLAND, ME.

M. A. HOWARD, Proprietor.

"1 have used a number of Williams Typewriters in
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operated side by side with other leading makes of type-
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Williams does more and better work, costs less for
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IF YOU HAVE NOT YET INVESTIGATED THE

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Williams Typewriter Co.

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London Office: 57 Holborn Viaduct.

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California; Kansas City, Missouri;
Denver, Colorado.

^ ORCHARD AND FARM, the most handsomely executed farm publication in
the United Slates, is published in San Francisco, and is 20 years old.

TREE

q THE MARTHA WASHINGTON NEEDLE CASE with one year'ssub-
scription to ORCHARD AND FARM. This is a beautiful leatherette case
which is filled with all the needles that a woman will use from the age of four-
teen until she is ninety-four. Also, IT IS WELL STOCKED with the
" Can't Bend 'Em Pifls."

q THIS CASE IS WORTH $1.00, and it cannot be bought at any store in
the world. We will give it absolutely free with one year's subscription to
ORCHARD AND FARM.

*1 THIS OFFEK is good lor either old or new subscribers.
Cut Out and Mail Today

THE CALKINS NEWSPAPER SYNDICATE, Hartford Bldg., Chicago.

Gentlemen : I am enclosing $' .00, for which please send to my address immediately the
Martha Washingrton Needle Case and your publication. Orchard and Farm, for one

year.

NAME

STREET

CITY STATE

Pleas« mention The Pandex n-hen vrrltinff to Advertisers.

154

THE PANDEX

The Senate Demanded an Explanation and Got It.
— St. Louis Globe-Democrat.

directed himself, finds it requisite to elabor-
ate his messages to Congress until they
become sermons in political and social
morality. This is why Governor Hughes,
pursuing the precedent set by President
Roosevelt when he first entered the White
House, has followed an earnest inaugural
address on the philosophies of modern gov-
ernmental methods with a notice to all per-
sons, influential and otherwise, that what
business can not be transacted with the
Chief Executive of the State in the open
chamber has no right to claim the secrecy
of locked doors or the privilege of favored
consideration. This is why the Speaker of
the lower house of the Pennsylvania Legis-
lature, contemplating the venal record of
preceding state administrations and legis-
latures, made a candid and apparently most
sincere appeal to his fellow members to
"play the game above board." to justify the
popular confidence, to elevate honorable
considerations above those of personal bene-
fit or corrvipted pledge.

forces in order to raise the level of cost
much beyond the level of the increase in
wage or other emolument which they, as
masters of the situation, are willing to pay.

Conscience

vs.

Practice

Indeed, tho the declaration
of common will has ex-
pressed unqualified support
of the men in public office
who govern by the rule of higher standards,
and tho prosecutions have been inaugurated
in every section of the country against the
systems of extortion by which a limited
group pirate and absorb the energies, earn-
ings, and accumulations of the general
public, the factor of selfish acquisition has
still so trenchant a hold iipon the impulses
and extortions of those who are in the ad-
vance that the leaders of reform begin to
realize the necessity of assailing the ideals of
conduct and of seeking to create a new re-
lationship between the consciences of heart
and the practices of competitive existence.
This is why the President at Washington,
to achieve the large ends to which he has

Preacher
Governor

This is why, too, the golden
state of Colorado, altho it
has since named as its rep-
resentative in the Senate a
member of one of the most absolute and
grinding trusts in the United States, acceded
to the candidacy of, and installed in power,
a preacher-governor so church-devoted that
he must needs have his inaugural ceremonies
performed in the clerical edifice in which he
made his first public success.

The Spirit

of
Compromise

Furthermore, it is the reason
why the animated contro-
versies and warfare of Con-
gress and of business, such
as the Brownsville affair or the rivalry of
Hill and Harriman, or the strike of the train-
men, which seem at the moment of their
crises so threatening, pass away shortly into
a superior spirit of compromise and resolu-
tion.

Ardently antagonistic to the President tho
Senator Foraker may seem, and spokesman
tho he is suspected of being for the Vested

THE PANDEX

155

¥4/ li

UNCLE SAM GROWS TALLER.
Or Maybe the Money Power Is Shrinking Some.

-Indianapolis News.

156

THE PANDEX

Interests which seek the President's over-
throw, he did not fail to perceive, at the
crucial instant, that the issue of the Browns-
ville affair was beyond the reach of his
forensic eloquence and that its final adjudi-
cation would lie, not in the matter of the
tecnnical right or non-right of the Com-
mander-in-Chief of the Army to dismiss
summarily troops virtually guilty of the most
dangerous insubordination, but in the larger
question of the moral responsibility of those
who witness and refuse to divulge crime of
whatsoever degree.

Adjusting
for the
People

Bitter tho the antagonisms
of Mr. Hill and Mr. Harri-
man may be in their anti-
thetic conceptions of the
profession and obligations of railroading,
both know that the use of arms in the fight-
ing for rights-of-way along the Columbia
River and the exerting of "undue influence"
upon the municipal councils of the cities of
Puget Sound for the sake of protecting or
securing terminal privileges are a far de-
parture from the trend of the times and an
alienation of their individual interests from
the sympathies of the public or the indul-
gence of the public's administrators. And,
accordingly, they make their mutual peace
upon the basis of at least an outward mani-
festation of fellow feeling and they moderate
their franchise demands to a poinj as little
in conflict as they can render them with
the spirit of concession and generosity
which the public is beginning to find more
to its liking and more to its general benefit
than the older zest of grab and confiscation.
However much the men who handle great
industries may resent the constant aggres-
sions of Labor and the constant pressure for
an increasing share of the product of work
and enterprise, a trainmen's strike is not al-
lowed to expand into the magnitude of a
strike of the coal miners because the lesson
has been assimilated that, after all, if the
laborers can show with any degree of fair
front that the inequality of financial favor
incident to an increasing of dividends upon
capital stock disproportionate to the increas-

on
Expediency

ing of dividends upon the efficiency and
faithfulness of labor is in violation of the
better principles of humanity, there is no
reasonable possibility of holding out against
Labor's demands.

Financially, commercially, po-
Building ntically, the axis of interest
thus shifts from the expe-
dient to the ethical. The
nation has lived, almost, upon the founda-
tion of the expedient ever since the Civil
"War, when, as Miss Tarbell's valuable
articles in the American Magazine have so
clearly shown, economic policies were de-
vised without the slightest idea of ever be-
coming permanent or of being economically
defensive, yet which have since fastened
themselves upon the country with a grip
almost as tenacious as patriotism itself. The
high tariff schedules were made to provide
a revenue whose need was as extraordinary
as it was imperative. They were framed
under utterly abnormal and impassioned
conditions wherein those who were without
honesty or honor molded the form of laws
to their own selfish ends. And, unhappily,
they imbued the political concepts of the
people with the belief that that impost policy
is best which brings in the income in the swift-
est possible manner without regard to the
opportunities it affords for fraud and per-
sonal aggrandizement. They imbued the in-
dividual standards of conduct and of re-
lationship with the Government with the be-
lief that wherever the people can be made
to aid the cause and prosperity of the indi-
vidual, there is neither vice nor error in the
business policy that drives the opportunities
thus opened to the furthermost limit.

Distorting

the
Corporation

And under the guidance of
the thoughts thus instilled,
American conditions have
grown on to the unfortunate
and perilous situation with which President
Roosevelt and his aides are now battling.
Instead of adhering to the liberties and bene-
fits of Democracy because of the more equit-
able distribution of opportunity and acquisi-

THE PANDEX

* I MU51 GO 8AO?i>
TLBV^E TAKE jbsK5 . i.^ii

^VM 5* AT TME ^

^ ^^ SUhBAY » ^^

w^n> you ,^ j

0«ryaiiq)fJ

I.,. J

¥ ■ ■ • •^ulVlRiV^"^- A 11/1 1

THE CAR SHORTAGE SEASON.
The Dream of the Railway Official.

— Chicago Inter-Ocean.

158

THE PANDBX

tion which Democracy should guarantee, the
dominating elements have fought for Democ-
racy's retention and exalted its greatness
because of the play it gives to the stronger
to outmaneuver the weak, and for the more
unscrupulous to put beneath their power those
less able than themselves to grasp the van-
ishing coins or to preserve intact the re-
sults of their own labors. Sheltered by a
system designed to scatter evenly among
workmen and employer the differences be-
tween the costs of labor abroad and labor at
home, the masters of industry have juggled
the giant's share of the fruits into their own
pockets. And, successful in this, they have
extended the same methods into the wide
field which may be said to be the distinguish-
ing feature of the current century, namely,
the field of corporations and syndicates.
Where the valuable and wisely legislated in-
stitution known as the corporation might
have been employed, as in theory it is in-
tended to be, to protect the small owner to
the same degree that the larger one's su-
perior ownership protects him, the aim has
been chiefly to consolidate and fortify the
station of the majority stockholders, to as-
sure increasingly the supremacy of those
who aspire to it, and to rob the minority of
such force as belonged to them, by virtue of
individuality, before they submitted to the
leveling dictates of the forms of law.

Forgetting

the Purpose

of Trade

Steel plant and railroad, oil
refinery and meat-packing
house alike have been
aborted Into the creating of
power, wealth, and benefit for restricted
groups of men, akin in lack of conscience or
sympathetic in the greed of superiority. The
transportation problem, which should by its
very nature as a public utility be handled
solely for the good it works to the com-
munity in general, has been approached and
manipulated to give unnatural ascendency
and reckless authority to those who rise to
the command. The slaughtering of live stock
and the making of its innumerable products
and by-products into commodities for gen-
eral consumption have been distorted until the

primary purpose of accommodation has be-
come chiefly a game in imposture and wage
slavery, in order that one man's, or a few
men's, ambitions for vast wealth and vaster
distinction may be achieved without limita-
tion.

That business, whatsoever its sort, has its
first genesis in social need, and derives its
quality and its real permanence from the ex-
tent to which it fulfils actual social exchange,
has been almost forgotten. The simple
elements that exist in barter, that establish
men's reputations in the small circles of im-
mediate friendships within which they move
— branding them with marks of fairness or
clothing them in the shame of universal dis-
esteem — are eliminated from the larger fight
which begins when the commercial office is
reached or trade and finance are conducted
over the wire or thru the mails.

Principles

of
Personal Life

Men, in the narrow limits of
personal and friendly con-
tact, sacrifice themselves and
their comfort and wishes,
rather than cheat their fellows or lie and
steal from those who dwell near them. Mr.
Rogers, of the Standard Oil, as Mr. Lawson
has testified, has nothing but personal
charm, generosity, and human sympathy
when among those whom he knows and for
whom he cares. Mr. Rockefeller has, of late,
been ardently defended for his personal
piety and simplicity by a British clergyman
who was warned against becoming subject to
his domination by accepting the pastorate
of the church to which Mr. Rockefeller is
one of the leading contributors.

Lose

the Sense

of Truth

But outside and away from
the sphere of home and close
associates, these men lose
their sense of truth and
honor ; they put off the garb of sincerity and
take on that of expediency. They guide
themselves by the modern adaptation of the
principle which carried the institution of the
Jesuits, first to great power, and then to
ignominous overthrow, namely, the principle
that the end jiistifies the means. Their
philosophy reiterates the tenets of Machia-

THE PANDEX

159

BRYAN OUTDONE.

— Washington Post.

160

THE PANDEX

velli; and it points to the unprecedented
prosperity of the country to prove the sub-
stance and worth of such contemplations
when put into action. Prosperity becomes
to them like an ancient estate such as Mach-
iavelli counseled thru his "Prince" to erect
upon an artificial basis of intrigue and politi-
cal duplicity. Or it is a fetich at the shrine
of which they worship; and the interference
of a President with any of the sacred proc-
esses by which it has been builded provokes
their retaliatory resentment to such an ex-
tent that they seize upon and magnify every
incident of his administration that may pos-
sibly redound to his discredit or ultimately
lead to his deposition from office. They use
their organs of publicity to confound his
reputation for veracity in the controversy
with the Storers. They agitate the issue of
State Rights, even tho it threatens the prog-
ress of their expanding trade in the Orient,
when they think that by so doing they can
unfasten his hold upon the votes of the
Pacific Coast, or avert his growing popular-
ity in the States of the South. They ridicule
the frequency of his congressional messages,
and delight, as with the exultancy of youth,
when they put a temporary quietus vipon his
advocacy of Simplified Spelling.

A Voice

of
Warning

It is only when confronted
with the specter of the ob-
secrated Bryan, or the ab-
horred Hearst, as an alter-
native, that they pause in their reverences,
and wonder how it is that not every one
bows with them, or that a servitor, hitherto
so faithful as Secretary Shaw, should warn
the country that there is something hollow,
inflated, and perishable in the image which
they have set up. To a surprising degree
their senses remain closed to the apparently
unstayable advance of socialism, whose fun-
damental impulse is the desire to re-estab-
lish the principles of common humanity, to
rebestow upon society the reign of decent
comradeship and spontaneous common love.
Like the German Emperor, they are faced
with an electoral upheaval greater than any
that has yet taken place within the n.ation.

greater by far than that which returned
Cleveland to the Presidency in 1892 ; yet they
still make playthings of so much of the
public as is willing to believe it can grow
suddenly rich along the pavements of Wall
Street; they still continue to seek to drive
from power such able, tho not always
credit-worthy men, as James J. Hill, by wrest-
ing the control of the St. Paul from his
grasp, as they wrested that of the Illinois
Central from Stuyvesant Fish. They watch
the waxing potency of Labor in its ever
more frequent demands, and they glower
at it with the withering indignation of in-
jured and insulted right. Even in places
so far away as San Francisco, where they
have long stood in wicked coalition with the
wicked managers of Labor's political organ-
ization, they talk of establishing a daily
newspaper to break the back of all the
unions.

Need

New Morals

Nothing seems to call them
again to the simpler ways,
the fairer ways, the better
ways, which they are only
too glad to follow in private, which they
are only too imperative in impressing upon
their children and requiring of all the public
except themselves when engaged in business.
Commercially and financially they are cut
loose from the moorings of morality. The
incentive of gain has become greater than
the incentive of virtue. The acquisitions of
the day have got out of proportion to the
more permanent possessions which outlast
decay or accident, and are yet ready to be
at hand and in use when monetary panic be-
falls or bankruptcy chases away the tinsel
and the accoutrements of thrift.

Impulses

of Higher

Religion

What they need to bring
them out of the obsession,
to rehabilitate the elements
that will make them over
into the average, the worthy, the unob.jur-
gated men they once were, is the deep,
thrilling impulse that proceeds only from
some manner of religion — not a religion,
necessarily, such as any of those which now

THE PANDEX

161

exist, but one which, like Christianity when
it supplanted the worship of the Roman Em-
perors, is big enough, clear enough, simple
enough, ordinary enough to be assimilable by
every class of people, to provoke response in
every fashion of mind, to arouse passionate

adherence in every line of avocation. It must
be a religion that will teach men that they are
something more than themselves, and that
the greater life is that which is lived in the
widest possible sphere, not of money and
of gain, but of fellowship and human unity.

THE REAL SIX-DAY RACE.

-New York American.

162

THE PANDEX

HOLIDAY

SEASON PROVOKES AN
UNPRECEDENTED MANIFESTATION
OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE GENEROSITY.

THE SMILE THAT SHOULDN'T
COME OFF.

Photographic Tourist — "Hold on! I want to
take one a day for 363 days, and all like that! "
— Adapted from Chicago News.

PROFIT-SHARING AND WAGE-INCREASES TAKE

THE PLACE OF OLD-TIME PHILAN-

THROPY AND CHARITY.

TO an extent greater than in any previous
holiday period since the earlier days of
the Republic, the Christmas season of 1906
witnessed a public endeavor to distribute the
largesses and joys of prosperous living. And
this, too, not so much in form of philan-
thropy, of dinners and trees and charitable
donations for the poor, as in the sharing of
mercantile profits and the division of the
products of labor. At least for the few days
of the year thus represented, the spirit of a
broader humanity prevailed, and, pos-
sibly set an example which will do much
toward working social betterment in the
future.

NO EVICTION CHRISTMAS EVE

Justice Refuses to Sign Warrants to Dispossess
the Poor.
Even the courts appreciated the spirit of
the season, as was manifested in the follow-
ing pathetic incident as described in the
New York Herald :

When Justice Edgar Lauer reached the Mu-

nicipal Court, in East Fifty-seventh Street, he
found an unusually large number of poor per-
sons from the East Side who had been served
with .summonses in dispossess proceedings. Sor-
row and fears showed on almost every face, until
Mr. Lauer said:

"If all of you weeping women and children
will have patience I will try to gladden your
hearts. It is the .judgment of this court that
every one of you shall keep on decorating your
Christmas trees and have a happy Christmas,
for I have decided to sign no warrants at this
season, but to give you time to pay your rents
or obtain other quarters. I am sure that after
these remarks no landlord or agent will insist
upon any of you being thrown into the street
on this bitter cold day, the eve of a merry Christ-
mas. ' '

POOR AND WEALTHY GET MONEY

Pittsburg Institutions Declare Dividend for
Stockholders and Workers.
What the profit-sharing disposition was is
shown in the following from the New York
Herald :

Pittsburg, Pa. — Mill worker, bank clerk, and
financier shared alike in special distributions of
wage and stock dividends declared by the most

THE PANDEX

163

important interests in Pittsburg. Special Christ-
mas distributions were made to wage earners in
nearly all the steel and iron mills in the Pitts-
burg district, ranging from 5 to 10 per cent of
the monthly payroll, while in the financial dis-
trict the leading banking institutions paid em-
ployees from 20 to 100 per cent of their respec-
tive monthly stipends.

Mill workers on monthly and semi-monthly
pay received their salaries for the full month of
December, and this, together with the many
premiums, is estimated to have caused a dis-
tribution of nearly $30,000,000 in the Pittsburg
district.

The shopping districts that afternoon presented
the spectacle of one huge struggling sea of hu-
manity and at midnight department stores were
still disposing of the remnants of their depleted
stocks.

An extra dividend of turkeys was declared in
many of the industrial establishments. It has
been the custom in prosperous years to distribute
turkeys among mill and electrical workei-s on
Thanksgiving. This was done this year and was
repeated again on Christmas. Turkeys are sold
here for 27 cents a pound, and as the birds given
the will workers averaged twelve pounds apiece, '
this special dividend calls for a substantial finan-
cial expenditure in plants employing from 2000
to 5000 men.

The Farmers' Deposit National Bank declared
a special Christmas dividend of 1 per cent on
its new capitalization of $6,000,000; this means
a gift of $60,000 to stockholders.

The Union Trust Company declared a Christ-
mas dividend of $6 a share, making dividends for
the year 66 per cent. The Colonial Trust Com-
pany declared a special Christmas dividend of
1 per cent; the Lincoln National Bank declared
a special dividend of $2 a share, and many other
financial institutions offered similar holiday pres-
ents to their stockholders.

The First National Bank gave its employees
10 per cent of a month's salary as a Christmas
present. Other institutions gave presents of
from 5 to 100 per cent on monthly salaries.

CINCINNATI MEN RECEIVE GIFTS

Employees in All Lines Made Happy by Ad-
vanced Pay or Dividends on Salaries.

The extension to the West of the same
manner of dividing up the earnings as was
followed in Pittsburg is reflected in the fol-
lowing from the same paper as the above :

Cincinnati, Ohio. — The homes of thousands of
workers in this city have been made happier
by the liberality of employers, who have dis-
tributed extra wages, dividends and other gifts.

Many of the railroads several weeks ago
granted increases in wages that came in time to
add to the Christmas funds of their workers.
Scores of smaller employers remembered their
helpers with gifts of varying kinds and values.

All of the bankers in the city granted a di-
vidend of 2 per cent of the annual salaries to
their assistants and clerks. The only exception
was the Western German Bank, which made its
gift of good will on the basis of 4 per cent. The
Cincinnati and Suburban Bell Telephone Com-
pany gave the young women in its employ 6 per
cent on their yearly pay and remembered each
man on the payroll with a turkey and a quart of
oysters.

The Cincinnati Traction Company will follow
its custom of former years by having two big
celebrations in Music Hall later in the season.
Immense trees will be burdened with gifts for
all of the employees and their wives and chil-
dren. The affair will last two days, so that every
man will have an opportunity to attend.

$50,000 BY SPECIAL TRAIN

McHarg Sends a Real Santa Claus Over Virginia
and Southwestern Railway.

More striking and dramatic than almost
any other incident of the season was the fol-
lowing, also from the New York Herald :

Bristol, Tenn. — Henry K. McHarg, a wealthy
New York man, generously remembered all em-
ployees of the Virginia and Southwestern Rail-
way, which he recently sold to the Southern Rail-
way. He presented farewell gifts aggregating
nearly $50,000 in cash.

FATHER'S CHRISTMAS LEG.

— St. Louis Globe-Democrat.

164

THE PANDEX

Heads of departments each received a check
equal to one year's salary, while all other em-
ployees received the equal of one month's pay.

The company sent a special train to deliver
the checks to the men along the road. The con-
ductor was attired as Santa Claus and the train
was designated in all telegraphic train orders as
the 'Santa Claus train,' and given the right of
way over all others.

This is the second time in recent years Mr.
McHarg has distributed thousands of dollars in
presents among his employees. When he sold the
Atlantic, Knoxville and Northern Railway he

This was especially so in the main telephone
exchange, where every girl in the 'hello row'
was the recipient of presents galore. Most of
the presents from subscribers were in the form
of checks or cash. Besides the money there were
boxes of candy, handkerchiefs, writing paper,
fans, rosaries, gloves, calendars, pictures, and
flowers. One girl received $40 in cash from sub-
scribers whom she has served in the past year.

A Lombard Street liquor dealer sent down a
case of whisky to be divided among the girls.

With the merry Yuletide here comes increased
pay for the local employees of the Pennsylvania

GETTING READY!

-St. Louis Republic.

presented his manager, John B. Newton, with
$25,000. Mr. Newton received a liberal share
this time.

SANTA CLAUS IN BALTIMORE

Telephone Girls Get Many Presents, While
Wages Are Increased.

In Baltimore the story was as follows in
the New York Herald :

Baltimore, Md. — No city, perhaps, has more
to be thankful for than Baltimore, for there were
signs of prosperity everywhere.

Railroad, the Standard Oil Company, and for all
of the trainmen, engine drivers, and yardmen of
the Western Maryland Railway.

During the year all the employees of the United
Railways received an increase in wages and the
Typographical Union won the eight-hour day.

The brewery companies have granted increased
wages and the eight-hour day. The horseshoers
are now getting more pay. The old scale was
$14.15, while the new rate is $16.17. The car-
penters of the city have succeeded in establishing
the eight-hour day and now receive $2.50 in-
crease a week, while the can makers received an
increase of 50 cents a day.

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165

" 'TWAS THE WEEK BEFORE CHRISTMAS AND ALL THROUGH THE TOWN
EVERY CREATURE WAS STIRRING AROUND AND AROUND."

— Chicago Tribune.

166

THE PANDEX

$51,230,294 GIVEN TO CHARITY

Marshall Field, With $8,000,000 for Museum,
Led the Contributors.

With such liberality in the gift part of the
year as is exhibited by the above items, the
possibilities of the ensuing year as a whole
become an absorbing subject of speculation.
For comparison, the following summary of
the philanthropies of 1906 as estimated by
the Indianapolis News, is instructive:

Philadelphia, Dec. 22.— One hundred and fifty-
three thousand three hundred and eighty-four
dollars and eleven cents a day ! That is the phil-
anthropic tribute which the year now passing has
paid to mankind's betterment and relief from
suffering. The twelvemonth's total of $51,230,-
294 is impressive, even to those who may have
followed the course of such annual records, and
have so become accustomed to eight-figure giving.

No record has been kept of the many small
gifts, made daily, which undoubtedly would raise
the year's aggregate by fully $10,000,000, nor
the contributions to the suffering Jews of Russia,
to the famine-stricken provinces of Japan, to the
homeless and hungry of San Francisco and Val-
paraiso and to the Italian sufferers from the fury
of Vesuvius, whose total probably exceeded
$5,000,000.

None of the old world's charities is included
in this record — American only being given. For-
eign benefactions in 1906 probably equaled those
of the United States, making the grand total of
the world more than $100,000,000.

Here are some of the gifts made by foreigners :
Estate of 'Sam' Lewis, London, to general chari-
ties, $15,000,000; five prominent Germans, in
honor of the Kaiser's silver wedding, $10,000,-
000; Pedro Alvarado, Mexico, to the poor of his
country, $10,000,000; Alfred Beit, South Africa,
mainly educational causes, $10,000,000; Princess
Matternich, France, miscellaneous charities, .$5,-
000,000; John Crowle, London, to the temper-
ance cause, $2,500,000; William Imre, London,
general charities, $1,500,000; an anonymous Pole,
to endow the Warsaw Orchestra, $1,000,000;
Princess of Monaco, to found Paris marine in-
stitute, $1,000,000; Lord Inverclyde, London, va-
ious marine charities, $600,000; Montfiore Levi,
Brussels, to aid consumption fight, $500,000;
Oscar Bischoffscheim, London, various charities,
$500,000.

$18,264,350 for Education.

More than a third of the year's grand total in
the United States has gone to the advancement
of education. Fifty-nine colleges and universities
and twenty-one institutions of the secondary
class received $5000 or more.

Following education the benefactions of 1906
rank: To galleries, museums, and societies of
kindred aims, $11,029,340; to homes, hospitals,
and asylums, $5,719,053, with practically the same
sum ($5,610,681) to miscellaneous charities. Va-

rious gifts made not in cash, but 'officially'
valued, amounted to $5,448,000; church, works of
one kind or another received, $3,047,075; and
$1,316,795 was spent for library building or en-
dowing.

A study of these figures, in connection with the
similar totals of the past six years, shows that
1906 has fallen behind each of those predecessors,
with the sole exception of 1900. The year 1901
still holds the 'record.' The benefactions for
these years have been approximately: 1900, $47,-
500,000; 1901, $107,360,000; 1902, $94,000,-
000; 1903, $95,000,000; 1904, $62,000,000;
1905, $76,100,000.

Woman's Share and the Honor Roll.

The detailed lists show that American woman-
hood is playing a great part in this work, but it
is worth special notice that no less than eleven
of these givers have passed the $100,000 mark.

That larger 'Roll of Honor,' where one may
set apart the names of those who have given in
the millions, gives from its eleven items a total
of practically seven-tenths of the whole year's
aggregate— $36,966,148. This includes Mr.
Anonymous, who has put his hands into his vari-
ous pockets to the tune of $1,508,000.

Those who contributed $1,000,000 or more are :

Marshall Field, Chicago $8,000,000

Charles T. Yerkes, New York 6,655.000

Andrew Carnegie, New York 6.108,148

John D. Rockefeller, New York 4,425,000

P. A. B. Widener, Philadelphia 3,000,000

William Markuardt, Fallis, Okla 3,000,000

Daniel B. Shipman, Chicago 1,150,000

Albert Willcox, New York 1,110,000

Otto Young, Chicago 1,000,000

James D. Phelan, San Francisco 1,000,000

EUROPE'S CHRISTMAS CHEER

Bountiful Feeding During French Celebration —
Britain's Titanic Plum Pudding.

Christmas, as experienced abroad, is par-
tially reflected in the following from the
New York Sun :

The consumption of Christmas cheer in vari-
ous European cities has set a Frenchman with
an odd- taste in statistics figuring. He indulges
in -some appalling calculations, but he also gives
a merry idea of the way in which the festival
is observed in the Old World.

Of course he begins with Paris. Christmas Eve
is the great time there, and the reveillon, or
watch night — which they hold a week earlier than
New Yorkers — is the feature. At midnight the
gay city is as animated as at noonday. The deli-
catessen stores and the grocers, as well as the
cafes and restaurants, are wide open and doing
a land office business.

Golden hued pates, poultry roasted to a turn,
all sorts of meats in jellies tempt buyers who are
going to end the evening with a feast at home.
The rotisseries, or roasting establishments, are
all aglow. They are not unlike the Coney Island

THE PANDEX

167

^(^v-^i^iS;^^^^'^''-'; ■'■;''■■■ ' ■" ;:■ ?; ■ ^■

^f{^r^a^i

A MERRY CHRISTMAS DEPENDS LARGELY UPON WHERE YOU LIGHT.

— Chicago Tribune.

168

THE PANDEX

furnaces at which rolls of beef are kept turning
on horizontal bars. But they are huge affairs,
each with several horizontal bars and each bar
has four or five roasts on it — chickens, ducks,
turkeys, geese, rabbits, and game.

During the night of Christmas Eve, 1905,
Paris is credited with devouring in public or
private feasts 400,000 pounds of beef, veal, and
mutton; 57,200 pounds of pork in various forms,
350,000 pounds of poultry, 20,000 pounds of
game, 136,000 pounds of butter, 140,000 pounds
of cheese, 380,000 pounds of fish and shell fish,
1,530,000 eggs, and 2,100,000 oysters.

Evidently Paris did not oo hungry. The statis-
tician refuses to figure on tlie ocean of liquor that
was consumed, but he mentions that one leading
restaurant sold 600 bottles of champagne and that
its total receipts for the night were 26,000 francs,
or $5200.

Next in order, the British plum pudding is
discussed. The writer dwells on the picture as
it is carried into the dining room at the close of
the family dinner, with the lambent blue flame
of the blazing brandy playing all around and
over it. Then comes the appraisal.

If all the plum puddings of all the families in
England were united in one great sphere it would
have a diameter of nearly thirty-five miles. The
ingredients are calculated as follows: 42,800,000
pounds of bread crumbs (the crumbs of 800,000
four-pound loaves), 2,800,000 pounds of raisins,
2,800,000 pounds of suet, 26,000,000 eggs, 700,-
000 pounds of almonds, 500,000 pounds of cinna-
mon, 1,500,000 nutmegs, 3,200,000 citrons, 330,-
000 quarts of brandy besides minor ingredient?.
He forgets to give estimates on the currants,
sugar and milk used.

The goose is the staple of the German Christ-
mas. As Christmas approaches whole trainloads
of geese converge upon Friedrichsfelde, a vil-
lage near Berlin, which is the great goose mar
ket of Germany. Thence they are redistributed
to the ovens, spits, and braising pans of the em-
pire. Berlin devoured 400,000 of them on Christ-
mas Eve, 1905.

Nowhere is the feasting more hilarious than
at Naples. It takes place, mostly, in the open
air. Turkeys are in great favor, but fish is the
characteristic Neapolitan viand.

On December 23 and 24 every year a long pro-
cession of wagons streams into the city, laden
with eels which come all the way from the la-
goons of Comacchio on the Adriatic Coast. Oth-
ers are brought by boats from Corsica. The
total amounts up to something like 3,000,000
pounds of fish, all of which is cooked in oil, well
flavored with garlic in the Italian way.

No one is so poor in Naples that he does not
feast at Christmas. Those who live from hand
to mouth all year make sure of plenty at this
time. They begin to save for it in the preceding
March, depositing with certain provision dealers
small sums varying from one to four cents a day.
When the festival comes, they have sums saved
varying from about $4 to $15. According to the
amount they receive a basket of eatables more
or less well' stocked. A three-cent daily deposit

from March 30 to December 24 means a total of
$8.31.

For this amount the basket contains thirty-
four articles, among which are thirty pounds of
flour, thirty pounds of macaroni, two pounds of
beef, two pounds of eels, two pounds of lard,
chestnuts, hazelnuts, figs, apples, tomatoes, an-
chovies, cheese, fresh or dried fish, pickles, olives,
a live turkey and a bottle of ' rosolio, ' a pink cor-
dial with a flavor of roseleaf much beloved of
the Neapolitan palate. With a little cheap wine,
the possessor of such a basket and his family
may feast almost continuously for a couple of
days.

The statistician winds up with a couple of in-
stances of eccentricity in Christmas feasting.
He tells of a rich Brazilian in Paris who gave a
midnight dinner last year to six friends which
cost him $756. The only instructions he gave
to the traiteur were that everything served should
be the most expensive that it was possible to ob-
tain.

An Englishman varied the idea by ordering a
summer dinner for Christmas day at the Savoy
in London. Covers were set for thirteen and
the bill was $2600, just $200 a plate. The feast
opened with melons, which were charged at $55.

The asparagus cost $65 a bunch; a great
bouquet of cherries, which was the ornamental
feature of the dessert represented $90. The
windup was a bottle of brandy, put away in
1789, which cost $60.

CHRISTMAS STRIKE IN SCHOOLS

Hebrew Protest Against Observance of Festival
Keeps Thousands From Studies.

A suggestive religious phase of the holiday
season is reflected in the following from the
New York Herald :

Attendance was decreased from fifty to sixty
per cent one day in the schools in the heart of
the East Side on account of the protest by the
orthodox rabbis and the Hebrew press against
the Christmas celebrations.

Opinions of parents differed in degree. Some
of them not only permitted their children to go
to such exercises as were colorless as far as any
religious significance was concerned, but even
went themselves. Between these two extremes
the opinion was registered by schools, which
showed a falling off from ten to thirty per cent in
attendance.

Exhortations to the Hebrew pupils to go on
strike had been spoken and printed since the pre-
vious Saturday, when it became evident that the
Committee on Elementary Schools did not intend
to take any action with regard to the Christmas
observances, other than to warn principals and
teachers to be careful.

In ultra-orthodox households children were or-
dered not to go to school. In several tenements
in Rivington Street, where there is a strong Rou-
manian and Polish influence, the housekeepers

THE PANDEX

169

and janitresses were stationed with brooms at
the doors, with requests to drive back all young-
sters who would attempt to go to the forbidden
observances. With the natural perversity of .
childhood, a few of the pupils ran a blockade at
the back doors and arrived breathless in their
classrooms.

There was a much larger proportion of boys
absent than girls throughout all the institutions.
The girls, who had bought new frocks and
learned recitations and songs, seemed to have pre-
vailed on their parents to let them take part in
the much-discussed programs.

CONDEMNS CHRISTMAS FEEDS

Vicar of Burtonwood Thinks Spiritual Aspects of
the Day Are Ignored.

In view of the tendency to get away from
the purely charitable aspect of philanthropy
to the wider region wherein liberality spends
itself in sharing of products and profits at
all seasons and under all circumstances, the
following condemnation of "Xmas feeds,"

as taken from the New York Sun, is of un-
usual interest :

London.— The Rev. A. M. Mitchell, vicar of
Burtonwood, Lancashire, who recently censured
the action of the Rev. Mr. Goodchild, of New
York, in giving performances in his church as
counter attractions to the Sunday theatrical per-
formances, now lashes the popular observance of
Christmas. He says:

"Gorge and surfeit make Christmas to a ma-
jority. The spiritual aspect of the festival is
conveniently and unblushingly ignored in favor
of worship at the kitchen altar.

"The kitchen altar as the sacred shrine of
Christmas! What number of knees bow low be-
fore it which are too stiff to bend before God and
the altar of love. A bird's carcass, a joint of
beef and a piece of swine's flesh constitute the
pivot of Christmas joy.

"If our goui-mandizing Christmas customs
ceased nominal Christians would discontinue
their observance of the festival. Eat and eat
well is the creed of all sorts and conditions of
Christians. There is no difference. As is the
aristocracy so is the democracy. Like priest like
people ! ' '

THE CANDY HEART— GUARANTEED FOR
ONE DAY.
— St. Louis Globe-Democrat.

170

THE PANDEX

T. VESUVIUS ROOSEVELT.

Copyrighted by Collier's Weekly.

— Reproduced by Special Permission.

THE PANDEX 171

T. Vesuvius Roosevelt

By WALLACE IRWIN

'TpHE ordinary hill which remains forever still,

-*■ All covered o'er with specimens of botany,

Is hugely safe and sane; but its heights seem rather plain

And its silence breeds political monotony.
I myself prefer a mount with a crater as its fount.

Dropping firebrands like the thunderstorms of Pluvius —
There is something half satanic in conditions so volcanic,

Yet we're proud of our Political Vesuvius.

tVith a curious, sulfureous

Rumbling, grumbling roll of thunder,
Teddy's going to erupt —
Stand from under I

"IT /"HERE the grafter sleeps content, suddenly the air is rent
'^ ' With a blast like that which buried Herculaneum;

Railway lobbies cough and choke in a cloud of flame and smoke,

And the Conscript Fathers get it in the cranium.
Now Chicago beef is shook, now the poor old Spelling-Book

Shouts: " Have mercy, sire! your heat will crack the shell o' me!"
Now the mountain heaves its shoulders and upheaves a ton of boulders.

While the sparks descend and roast the luckless Bellamy.

With a hectic, apoplectic

Howling, growling roll of thunder,
ITeddy's going to blots up —
Stand from under!

'"p^HOUGH there's sometimes scarce a puff from his lid, that's just a blufF,

-"■ For his calmer moments never mean security,

And the prophets yell: " Look out! he's intending for to spout —

There'll be trouble in the very near futurity."
No, we can't foresee just what, but his crater's getting hot.

And the coals will soon be dropping, as they must, again
Singeing up the Tariff's tatters and the mossy old Standpatters —

There's no telling lohere Vesuvius will bust again.

]Vith a jouncing, nation-bouncing.

Bumping, thumping roll of thunder,
'Ceddy's going for to spout —
Stand from under!

Copyrighted by Collier's Weekly.

— Reproduced by Special Permission.

172

THE PANDEX

SANTA KNOWS WHAT WE NEED.

Harriman vs. Roosevelt.

-Detroit Journal.

MAN WHO HAS RISEN TO THE SUPREMACY OF THE TRANSPOR-
TATION WORLD APPEARS TO BE AT THE HEAD OF A
WIDESPREAD MOVEMENT TO BREAK THE
POWER OF THE PRESIDENT.

ALTHO the Christmas season provoked
an unprecedented display of fellow
feeling and of willingness to distribute
more evenly the products of industry — or,
perhaps for this very reason — the big forces
which stand at the head of the productive
and intermediary agencies of the times seem
to feel that the time has come to administer
a check to the national administration which
insists upon criticism and restraint of exist-
ing business methods. Marshaling once
more the factors and instrumentalities they
have so often employed before, and rely hi g

upon the traditional popular prejudice
against third terms for Presidents, they ap-
pear to have inaugurated a campaign cal-
culated finally to overthrow Mr. Roosevelt
and his policies. On this occasion, they are
under new generalship, that of the man who
has been showing an invincible supremacy
in the world of business. And, as this
man's will and purpose have been as imper-
ious in their sphere as President Roosevelt's
have been in theirs, there is a joining of
personal issue, which promises to become of
most dramatic interest.

THE PANDEX

173

CONGRESS READY FOR A FUSS

Members Had New as Well as Old Scores to
Settle.
Of course, the principal field of war on the
part of this new enemy of the President is
Congress, which in the past has been all too
pliant a tool of the selfishness of Business.
How the field was utilized was shown, in
part, in the following from the Philadelphia
Inquirer shortly after the opening of the
current session:

Washington, D. C, January 1. — Congress will
begin the actual work of the short session on
Thursday. All indications point to a great deal
of friction and pulling and hauling, from start
to finish. There are some important bills on the
calendar which must be disposed of. Their pas-
sage will be contested at every stage. Organized
labor will be on hand to resume the flglit of last
session. Great financial interests concerned in the
anti-immig:ration bills, the Ship Subsidy Bill, and
the Philippines Tariff Bill will look out for their
welfare.

Pacific Coast interests will watch the Chinese
exclusion modification act closely and fight it at
every turn. And all this is to be done between
times of passing the great supply bills of the
nation, whose proper consideration alone shoulcl
consume all the time, it is claimed by some.

A row with President Roosevelt is thought to
be certain. It will start with the Brownsville af-
fair, will be intensified if the Santo Domingo
treaty is attempted to be revived, and will be a
kind of continuous performance throughout the
session. Very sensitive upon the subject of al-
leged executive encroachment, still chafing over
some events of last session, not in a very good
humor over the flood of executive recommenda-
tions. Congress figuratively is carrying a chip on
its shoulder and looking for trouble.

The Brownsville case will afford a vent for the
relief of a good deal of the pent-up feeling
against the alleged tendency of the executive de-
partment of the Government to exert undue au-
thority.

MUST USE HIS BIG STICK

If He Does Not the Present Session of Congress
Will Do Nothing.

The President's method of meeting the
attack is suggested in the following from the
Indianapolis News :

Washington. — Unless the President uses his
"big stick" this session of Congress will not
accomplish anything worthy of mention.

It is the determination of the leaders in the
Senate and House to make it a do-nothing session
unless the President, with public sentiment be-
hind him, forces legislation. It has not been the

expectation of the President that he would get
much from the session, but there are a few things
he is exceedingly anxious to have done.

First of all he wants the Philippine Tariff Bill,
decreasing duties on the products of the Islands
entering the United States, put through. So far
not a move has been made toward getting that
bill out of the Senate Committee on Insular Af-
fairs, and the inside talk about the Senate is
that the measure will not be considered.

A special message from the President has
asked for speedy action on the bill to confer the
right of American citizenship on Porto Ricans.
It is significant that the very day the message
reached the Senate the bill was reached on the
calendar. "Let it go over under rule 9," said
Senator Kean, of New Jersey, and over it went.

There is a tacit understanding among the legis-
lative leaders that neither the bill requiring the
publicity of campaign affairs nor the bill to pro-
hibit corporations from contributing to campaign
committees shall be passed. The "practical" poli-
ticians are opposed to both measures.

Senator Smoot is not to be unseated unless a
distinct understanding among the leaders on the
Republican side is declared no longer in force.
Excuses will be found for postponing a vote, and
the session will end with the Mormon senator still
in his seat.

DEMOCRAT TO THE DEFENSE

Senator Carmack Charges Foraker With Insincer-
ity in His Attack on President.
One of the points which the Opposition
appeared to count upon for weakening the
President's power was the discharge of the
negro troops. But this very soon turned its
edge back upon the assailants, especially
when it served to bring so strong a Demo-
crat as Senator Carmack to the President's
defense. Said the San Francisco Chronicle :

In his address Senator Carmack gave what
he regarded as the real purpose of the agitation —
an attempt to unhorse Roosevelt as the Repub-
lican leader. He said: "It seems to me that
there is something else behind these uncalled-for
attacks on the President than a passion for Jus-
tice and for law. This particular act of the
President is simply the occasion, but it is not
the cause of this violent and concerted attack on
the administration. The President has done
enough in all conscience to alarm every real
friend of the constitution, but through it all he
has had the united and enthusiastic support of
all the senators on the Republican side.

"It is by the best acts of his administration
that the President has aroused so deadly an an-
tagonism within his own party. He might have
continued to trample on the law to the end of
time, and there would have been no voice of pro-
test if he had not otherwise offended. The Presi-
dent has made the mistake of compelling his

174

THE PANDEX

party to break with its old-time friends, to turn
its guns upon its allies of a hundred battles; he
has brought the great railways and trusts to
know that there are such things as government.
His party leaders have yielded a snarling and
reluctant half-way obedience to his will, biding
time and opportunity to strike."
• He told the Republican senators they must
make choice of the alternative "either to renomi-
nate President Roosevelt or give us back our
platform. ' '

He then turned his attention to Foraker's criti-
cism of Major Blocksom and declared that "the
Senator from Ohio may be God Almighty to the
Republican party of Ohio, but not of the uni-
verse. I can remember with what frantic energy
he used to wave the bloody shirt, a shirt dyed
with the crimson current of his own rhetoric; I
remember how he used to go raging over the
land, a bifurcated, peripatetic volcano in peren-
nial eruption, belching fire and smoke and melted
lava from agonized and tumultuous bowels. I
can see how in public speeches he spattered the
gall of his bitterness upon the South, until I
came to think that the Senator wished all the
white people of the South had but a single neck,
that he might sever it at a blow. I would not
have to go back forty years, or make any inquiry
into the Senator's pedigree to prove that the
Senator from Ohio is the last man to sit in judg-
ment in a case of murder where a negro was the
murderer and a southern white man was his vic-
tim.

"But I will not do the Senator such gross in-
justice as to judge his heart by the testimony of
his own mouth; and when my southern friends
ask me if the Senator from Ohio is really as
rabid and bitter as he seems, I tell them no, his
ferocity is purely oratorical ; it is simply the
lingering force of a tyrannical habit."

PRESIDENT RIGHT; NO ROW

Fear of Clash Over Brownsville Affair Purely
Imaginary, Raymond Says.

Another view of the negro affair was the
following, as given by "Raymond" in the
Chicago Tribune :

Washington, D. C. — There is not the slightest
danger now, nor, in fact, has there ever been, of
any real clash between the President and Con-
gress over the Brownsville affair. There has
been an honest difference of opinion and some
heated argument, but there has been no time
when the cordial relations between the executive
and the legislative branches of the Government
have been in danger of being severed.

There are sycophants and hangers on about the
White House who have reported to the President
direful stories of threatened doings in Congress.
There have been legislative touts and lobby loaf-
ers who have sought to inflame the minds of dis-
tinguished senators and representatives with the
idea that the President was defying them, and

that he would defy them to the limit of impeach-
ment, no matter what Congress might do nor how
it might do it.

In point of fact, throughout the whole of this
extraordinary Brownsville incident the President
and Congress have acted strictly within their
rights, and there has not yet been any evidence
of an intention on the part of either to interfere
with the prerogatives of the other.

CHARGED WITH "FATUOUS MEDDLING"

J. P. Morgan's Newspaper Organ Declares the
President's Attitude is Ruinous.

What is generally •construed as an inside
view of the Opposition sentiments was the
following :

New York. — "Mr. Roosevelt's hatred of the
railroads, which has reached the proportions of
an intellectual obsession, bids fair to bear sub-
stantial fruit in the not distant future. Indeed,
it is quite certain that we shall all have to pay
deeply for the sins of the railroads."

With these words the Sun, controlled by J.
Pierpont Morgan, introduces a bitter editorial
attack upon the President, and voices the feel-
ings of the great railroad magnates of the land.
It continues:

"The transportation rates of the United
States are the lowest in the world and are a
scientific wonder. There is no page in the his-
tory of commerce that is so wonderful as that
which records the fall in the cost of railroad
transportation during the last thirty-five years.
Natural causes brought it about, and if natural
causes are not checked in their operation by fatu-
ous and ignorant meddling rates will go lower
yet. If they are checked, and there is a reckless
and mischievous effort now on foot to do so, then
disaster will ensue as surely as the night follows
the day, and with disaster will come increased
cost of transportation.

"The roads are between Mr. Roosevelt and
the deep sea. The gross earnings are suffocat-
ing them, the net earnings are steadily vanish-
ing, and behind all is the specter of an intoler-
able usurpation which means only bankruptcy
and disaster. Communities are howling for coal;
farmers are distracted for means to get their
grain to market; merchandise of all kinds en-
cumbers the sidings and chokes the railroad
yards, and only open weather palliates the imme-
diate prospect.

"But never mind the railroads. They have
earned and they fully deserve the punishment
that is coming to them. If the laws are not en-
forced we must make new laws. But what we
want to know is, How does a paternal and illus-
trious ruler propose to provide for the unem-
ployed millions who will presently appeal to hi?
omnipotence for succor?"

THE PANDEX

173

CAN HE MAKE THEM SAW WOOD?

— Indianapolis News.

FINE McCUTCHEON, SAYS CONGRESS

Overworked Lawmakers Laugh at
Cartoon.

'Message'

Nothing, apparently, bristles Congress
more than what it regards as the President's
attempts to preach to it. One phase of this
preaching is reflected in the following from
the Chicago Tribune, apropos of a cartoon

by McCutcheon, which is printed in conjunc-
tion with this symposium:

Washing-ton, D. C. — McCutcheon 's cartoon in
The Chicago Tribune, descriptive of the way in
which the President has flooded Congress with
messages, created considerable amusement in
Congress. An examination of the Congressional
Record shows how cleverly it represents the
truth.

The two houses of Congress have been in ses-
sion exactly twelve days. The lower house has

176

THE PANDEX

been in session fifteen days, but usually does not
receive communications from the President when
the Senate is not assembled. Altogether the
President has sent in eighteen messages, an aver-
age of one and a half for each complete legislat-
ive day.

Three Messages Every Two Days.
Here is the list :

Dec. 3. — Congress convened.

Dec. 4. — Message on the treatment of criminals
by probation.
Message transmitting the annual report of the

Civil Service Commission.
Message on control of the yellow fever.
Message on church claims in the Philippines.
Message recommending the authorization of
the President to dismiss officers of the navy
without trial.
Dec. 5. — Message recommending legislation for

Alaska.
Dec. 10. — Message recommending the reimburse-
ment of the owners of the British schooner
Lillie.
Message transmitting the ordinances of the

Executive Council of Porto Rico.
Message recommending payment to Lieutenant
Colonel L. K. Scott, United States Army, for
an invention used by the army.
Message recommending the return of customs
duties collected from certain British im-
porters.
Message recommending an appronriation for
the payment of the cable company whose
wires were cut by Admiral Dewey during the
war with Spain.
Dec. 11. — Message describing conditions in Porto
Rico and recommending citizenship for its
people.
Message transmitting the report of the Keep
Commission on the purchase of department
supplies.
Dec. 17. — Message describing conditions on the
Isthmus of Panama.
Message concerning revision of the public land

laws.
Message recommending reorganization of the
naval personnel.
Dec. 18. — Message transmitting the report of
Secretary Metcalf on the Japanese questions.
Dee. 19. — Message on the discharge without honor
of three companies of the Twenty-fifth
United States Infantry.
Dec. 20. — Congress adjourned for the holidays.

"The President has given us enough subjects,"
observed one member, "to keep two Congresses
busy. I wonder if he expects anything to be
done?"

WILL BREAK MESSAGE HABIT

the "message habit" by allowing the press
to make the inferences reflected in the fol-
lowing from the Cleveland Plain Dealer:

Washington. — President Roosevelt has taken
heed of the criticism in Congress of his "message
habit. ' ' There is a fair promise that hereafter
the Executive will not so freely communicate his
views to the legislators on topics in which he is
interested or which are urged upon him by en-
thusiastic champions of proposed reform.

Mr. Roosevelt is not sorry that senators and
representatives have criticized and found cause
for laughter in his message-writing proclivities.
He knows all about the sharp remarks that have
been made and has read some of the newspaper
articles setting forth the Congressional comment
on messages multitudinous and overlapping. He
is glad that the comment has got into print, be-
cause he believes it will be the means of ridding
him of a burden.

Some of the sharpest critics of Mr. Roosevelt's
facility in letter writing have been the same men
who had urged him to indite messages on sub-
jects dear to them. The President feels that it
is hardly kindly or gracious for those who have
had their wishes gratified in the one instance to
be quick with the criticism when the attempt is
made to gratify the wishes .of some of the critic 's
colleagues. The President rather rejoices in the
publicity that has been given Congressional criti-
cism. There will be little fuel for the fire from
now on, and some men will get chilled.

FINES AND JAIL SCARE RAILWAYS

The President Decides to Send Fewer Communi-
cations to Congress.

Characteristically the President promptly
robbed his enemies of fire in the matter of

Moody Says Corporations Now Promise to Obey
Laws.

Something of the reason for the financial
anger at the President is disclosed in the fol-
lowing from the Philadelphia North Amer-
ican :

Washington. — Granting rebates on railroads to
large corporations in discrimination against
smaller shippers has virtually ceased, and the
I'ailroads and corporations now have a wholesome
respect for the law, according to the ofBeials of
the Department of Justice.

This opinion is based on advices from many
reliable sources, which indicate that the imposing
of heavy fines and the imprisonment of two de-
fendants have frightened those who have hereto-
fore violated the law with impunity.

Attorney-General Moody is in receipt of let-
ters nearly every day from railroad officials and
officers of corporations advising him that they
propose to observe the law. United States dis-
trict attorneys throughout the country have also
advised the Department that the Elkins anti-
rebate law is not being violated on an extensive
scale.

THE PANDEX

177

THE PRESIDENT SENDS A FEW MESSAGES TO CONGRESS.

178

THE PANDEX

ROOT FOR SENATOR

Secretary Said to Be Choice of the President
for Piatt's Shoes.

Another point in the President's adminis-
tration of which the Opposition took full
advantage was the issue of State Rights,
which Secretary Root made the more serious
thru a speech which was widel.y miscon-
strued. In view of this speech of Root's and
of Root's general relationship to the admin-
istration, the following is interesting. It is
from the Washington Post :

Many explanations have been sought for the
reluctance of Senator Thomas C. Piatt to resign
his seat in the Senate, which both physically and
mentally, by the best testimony of his friends,
he no longer is. able to fill.

Superficially it has looked to political ob-
servers that the only thing a man of Piatt's ad-
vanced age would consider would be his own
convenience and pleasure. But beyond and be-
hind this change in the personnel of a United
States Senator from New York lies an interest-
ing chapter of 'high finance.' The final page
will not be written until the battle of two great
contending financial forces which seek to domi-
nate the election of Piatt's successor has been
fought out decisively.

There are, of course, two great financial com-
binations contending for control, not only in the
field of railroad supremacy in the United States,
but also in relation to the financial domination
of various other extensive industrial and com-
mercial enterprises, as well as the majority in-
fluence in the next Republican National Conven-
tion. What may be described as 'premature' re-
ports of President Roosevelt's aspirations after
he shall leave the White House have a material
influence in this regard.

There is no doubt that a movement has already
begun to render impossible the election of Mr.
Roosevelt as a Senator from New York when his
term in the White House has expired. It is not
necessary in this connection to narrate the vari-
ous questions of controversy which have arisen
between Mr. Roosevelt as Chief Executive and
not only the corporations and trusts on the other
hand, but the combined individualities' of various
candidates for the Republican nomination to suc-
ceed him. It is easily imaginable that if Mr.
Roosevelt as President can defy Congress to a
standstill, can assert unequivocally that he will
refuse to enforce laws enacted by the Congress
if not in accord with his own ideas of right and
public welfare, in this course he, as a political
individual, has stored up for himself trouble im-
measurable in the future.

Recent reports of E. H. Harriman's alleged
willingness to rehabilitate Benjamin B. Odell in
supremacy in New York politics is regarded here
as only one factor in the great game of the polit-
ical financial giants which will become more ap-

parent as the months develop between the pres-
ent time and the next Republican National Con-
vention. There is high authority for the state-
ment that the Rockefeller-Harriman interests in
the financial world which just now are seeking
to throttle the Morgan-Hill interests in the rail-
road world are determined to force the nomina-
tion of Charles W. Fairbanks, the present Vice-
President, as the next Chief Executive of the
Nation.

Politics to-day, as all readers know, depends
largely upon the game of finance as played be-
tween the moneyed kings. Piatt and Depew are
Morgan pawns in the United States Senate. Root
also would be a Morgan pawn. Cortelvou, who is
to be the Secretary of the Treasury on March 4,
if confirmed by the Senate, will be another Mor-
gan pawn. Long months ago the Republican
national organization cut loose from the Rocke-
feller-Harriman outfit and made its political bed
with that of the Morgan-Hill interests. There is
in this statement perhaps an intimation of why
Leslie M. Shaw will retire from the Cabinet on
March 4.

Mr. Roosevelt, who believes in his own right
that he is the leader of the Republican organiza-
tion of New York, has determined that Elihu
Root shall be the next United States Senator
from New York — that is to say, according to
advisers of the President, who, of course, wish
it to be understood that the President shall not
be quoted. Timothy L. Woodrufl', Prank S. Black,
J. Sloat Fassett, and all the others who had be-
lieved that they might be in the running for
Senator when "Old Man" Piatt should quit, will
have their trouble for their pains if the Ad-
ministration program is carried out. Roosevelt
insists again, it is said, that Root shall be the
next Senator from New York if Piatt is to give
up his toga. There is the hitch in the problem
of Piatt's resignation from the Senate. Piatt
personally does not prefer Root. Many Repub-
licans will remember the night of the 'Amen
Corner' dinner, when Piatt was the guest of
lionor and Root, as Secretary of War, made an
effusive reponse to a toast in Piatt's honor.

Root for years had been Piatt's factional
enemy in the Republican organization in New
York. He had been a 'reformer' in organiza-
tion politics. When, after making his flattering
speech in Piatt's honor, Piatt was asked what
he thought of Root's effort, he replied: "In
vino Veritas," but Piatt has not long to serve in
public or private life.

GOMPERS CRIES FRAUD

Says Ship-Subsidy Petitions Are Forgeries De-
vised by a Corrupt Gang.
That there is ample ground for the fear of
disclosure and punishment on the part of the
moneyed interests is evident from the fol-
lowing from the Washington Post:

In the January issue of the American Feder-
ationist, the official organ of the American Fed-

THE PANDEX

179

eration of Labor, President Samuel Gompers
makes the charge that the petitions signed by
labor organizations urging the passage of the
ship-subsidy bill, that were poured in upon Con-
gress just before the holidays, were obtained
through fraud.

Mr. Gompers devotes several pages to a dis-
cussion of this subject and tells how the matter
was investigated and the alleged fraud proven.
He says that in all the country ' ' there is not a
more corrupt gang than the well-organized coterie
who engaged in the scheme to 'promote' ship-
subsidy legislation." He says the promoters of
this proposed legislation were well aware of the
attitude of organized labor on this bill and un-
dertook to deceive members of Congress and
labor organizations through practices that have
laid some of them liable to prosecution in the
courts.

From Mr. Gompers' recital it appears that
the request that labor organizations sign and
transmit these petitions to Congress was repre-
sented to have been initiated by the '(Marine Trades
Council of the City of New York. Believing that
this organization had not taken a part in this
matter, Mr. Gompers tells how he instructed
General Organizer T. E. Flynn, of Cleveland,
Ohio, to go to New York and investigate the
whole subject, cautioning him to be sure of his
facts and make a full report.

This report was submitted to Mr. Gompers un-
der date of December 13, 1906. Mr. Flynn re-
ports that copies of the petitions to be signed
were sent throughout the country in the name of
the Marine Trades Council, and that "after their
examination by the delegates of the council they
denied absolutely their authorization. A reso-
lution to this end was unanimously adopted by
the council."

Mr. Flynn says he discovered the printer of the
documents, who declined to make public the name
of his customer. The matter was taken before
the District Attorney of the City of New York,
who summoned the printer and others and ob-
tained the information. Mr. Gompers names as
the alleged guilty person a man in Cleveland.
The entire lot of petitions and documents are
shown by Mr. Gompers to be forgeries.

DARE NOT REVISE TARIFF

Republican Leaders Fear Changes Would Be
Fatal to Party Success in Next Campaign.

The one line along which as yet the ad-
ministration of Mr. Roosevelt pleased the
Vested Interests is shown in the following
from the Chicago Tribune :

Washington, D. C— In spite of vigorous pro-
tests by the agricultural implement men of the
West and the shoe and leather manufacturers
of the East, there will be no step taken toward
tariff revision during the life of the present or
the next Congress.

It may be that President Roosevelt next year
will think it wise to refer to the tariff revision

sentiment, but there is not the slightest chance
of ■any attempt by Congress to change the exist-
ing schedules. Even the men who are in favor
of tariff revision admit that the time has now
gone by when it can be safely undertaken from
a political point of view. If the tariff was to be
revised at all it should have been done at the
long session of the present Congress. In that
way conditions would have been adjusted to the
new rates long before the next Presidential elec-
tion, and there would be no question at that time
as to whether the change in the tariff was good
or bad.

Serious Demands for Revision.

There have been some serious demands made
for tariff revision within the last six months or
year which have not reached the public. Speaker
Cannon and other prominent Republican leaders
have at one time or another met representatives
of various important industries which claimed
they are being discriminated against under the
existing tariff schedules. The shoemen of Mas-
sachusetts have a thorough organization, and
they have presented the cause of free hides not
only to their own delegation but to influential
Republicans from other sections as well. The
protest of the agricultural implement men is not
a new one. It has been presented privately to the
President and to a number of Republican leaders.

There will be no legislation in Congress until
after the next Presidential election, whether the
President recommends it or not. There is a good
deal of tariff revision sentiment scattered about
the country, but the trouble is it is not cohesive.
The Massachusetts men want free hides, but the
Western cattle growers paw the ground when
such a thing is even suggested. The people in
the treeless, semi-arid belt of the Middle and
Southern West have presented a petition for a
reduced rate on lumber, but the representatives
from Washington, Oregon, and the panhandle of
Idaho, where they still have valuable forests,
can not be induced to look at the situation from
the same point of view. The Southerners who
were once rampant free traders are now gradual-
ly becoming protectionists all along the line in-
stead of for their own local products.

In coming to their decision regarding the tariff,
which practically is positive now, the Repub-
lican leaders are united in the belief that it
would be political suicide for them to attempt
to touch the tariff schedules at the next session
of Congress, either at an extra session or other-

"THRU" IT SHALL BE

"Who Asked Government to Interfere, Any-
way?" Say the Simplified Spellers.

"Although Congress nailed 'Thru' along with
the other simplified words to the mast on Fri-
day," said Dr. I. K. Funk, "the work of keeping
the 'three hundred' in style will go merrily
along, and in the course of time our efforts in
this great saving of time and energy in letter-
writing will be appreciated."

Dr. Funk, of the Funk & Wagnalls Company;

180

THE PANDEX

Henry Holt, the publisher, and Charles Sprague,
president of the Dime Savings Bank, who are a
committee to stimulate the use of the simplified
form of spelling, asserted that their ardor had
not diminished.

"We never asked that the National Govern-
ment," said Dr. Funk, "assist us in the under-
taking. To have the National Government take
up the simplified spelling at this time would only
be putting the cart before the horse. What we
must first do is to prevail upon the business men
to adopt it in their letter writing, and in this
way the new method will get a steadfast grip
and unconsciously all will gradually drop in
Une."

The Missionary Review, the Literary Digest
and the Circle, three publications of the Funk
& Wagnalls Company, observe the simplified
spelling, and, unless the authors object, it is also
observed in the books printed by that company.
— New York World.

"THE BELOVED, EXALTED ROOSEVELT'

Morocco's Sultan Can Give Cards and Spades
When It Comes to 'Jollying.'

Washington. — President Roosevelt has received
a letter from the Sultan of Morocco expressing
gratitude for the appointment of Samuel R.
Gummere as Minister to Morocco. The letter is
written in Arabic.

The Sultan addresses the President as "The
Beloved, the Most Cherished, the Exalted, the
Most Gracious Friend, Most Honored and Excel-
lent President of the Republic of the United
States of America, who is the pillar of its most
important affairs, the most celebrated preservier
of the ties of true friendship, the faithful friend,
Theodore Roosevelt."

Minister Gummere, the letter says, will be
shown every courtesy and attention by the Gov-
ernment of Morocco. — New York World.

FIGHTING "THE MEDDLER"

HARRIMAN LEADS THE WALL STREET FORCES IN THE EFFORT
TO OVERTHROW PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT.

AN INTIMATE glimpse of the ambitions
and fighting plans of the Business
leader, Mr. Harriman, was given recently in
Pearson's Magazine, from which the follow-
ing is an extract:

In an article in Pearson's Magazine for Janu-
ary, James Creelman tells some news about Presi-
dent Roosevelt's fight to smash the control of
Wall street in the National Government. He
writes :

"In the back rooms of Wall Street Theodore
Roosevelt is known as a meddler. Pale, wrinkled
captains of speculation and great arch million-
aires, upon the waving of whose hands the tide
of prices rises or falls, will tell you to-day bitter-
ly that he is the most meddlesome President the
country has ever had, either in peace or war,
and that his meddling has unsettled the existing
order and loosed upon the American continent
wild forces of political, economic, and social revo-
lution.

"Mr. Roosevelt is a meddler. It is in his blood.
He has been a meddler since boyhood. He has
meddled with the predatory elements of life,
four-legged and two-legged; the crack of his
rifle in the West has been no more destructive
than the whisk of his official pen in the East;
he has trailed his game as faithfully in Wall
Street as in the mountains of Colorado or the
Dakota Bad Lands; nor has he failed to bring
down the big beasts of polities.

"It is not so many weeks since Edward Henry
Harriman, president of the Union Pacific Rail-
road Company and overlord of countless Ameri-
can corporate combinations representing, literal-
ly, a billion of dollars, said privately that Presi-
dent Roosevelt must be got rid of politically at
any cost. Mr. Harriman is a Republican and
has secretly exercised great power in his party.
Preferred Bryan or Hearst.

" 'But if you put Roosevelt out of power, you
will have to take Bryan or Hearst. Are you pre-
pared for that!'

" 'Yes,' said Mr. Harriman, passionately.

THE PANDEX

181

FRENZIED RAILROADING.

— Duluth News Tribune.

182

THE EANDEX

'I'll take Bryan or Hearst rather than Roosevelt.
We can not be worse off than we are now with
that man in the White House. I'll take any one
rather than Roosevelt; for, if it comes to that,
we can get at the other crowd.'

"Mr. Roosevelt has meddled with financial-
political plans of Mr. Harriman and his accom-
plices— therefore the forked fingers and the hissed
anathema maranatha.

"Mr. Harriman is the successor of Jay Gould
in the field of manipulative finance. He is a
small, spectacled man, with a large forehead and
slight, narrow chin. He has deep-set gray eyes
and a dark-skinned, expressionless face. His
jaws are short and wide; his nose is straight,
thin, and pointed.

"He looks like a Frenchman of the small pro-
fessional type. His manner is cold and dry. But
for the lines of muscular contraction on either
side of the chin, ninning almost from the cor-
ners of the secretive mouth to the thin, wiry
neck, and an occasional bunching of muscles at
the tight-gripped angles of the jaws, it would be
hard to reconcile the weakness of Mr. Harri-
man's dwindling lower face with the terrific
force which he sometimes displays in his cease-
less struggle for money and power.

Harriman Tempting Hill. ^41^'

"Mr. Harriman is a man of black vindictive-
ness and remarkable energy. He can fight open-
ly, but his great strokes are delivered in secret.
On the day of the great 'corner' of Northern
Pacific stock, when Wall Street staggered under
the blows of the contending Harriman and Mor-
gan forces and thousands of men and women
were ruined in a few hours, Mr. Harriman sat
on a sofa in New York and tempted James J.
Hill, president of the Great Northern Railroad
Company, to surrender stock control of the
Northern Pacific line, promising to pay for the
treachery by making him president of the Union
Pacific Railroad Company.

" 'Then there will be two railroad men in the
country — Cassatt in the East and Hill in the
West,' said Mr. Harriman, watching the massive
countenance of Mr. Hill for a sign of weakness.

"That was a critical moment in the history of
the country, for upon Mr. Hill's answer hung
the whole future of transcontinental traffic in
America.

"Mr. Hill told Mr. Harriman that the owner-
ship of the Northern Pacific line by the Union
Pacific interests — a device to destroy competition
— was forbidden by law, and declared that the
thing could not be done.

Tried It Himself.

"Yet, forgetting that memorable scene, Mr.
Hill later on, in company with J. Pierpont Mor-
gan, attempted to unite the Great Northern and
the Northern Pacific lines in one ownership
through the Northern Securities Company — the
very thing in principle which he had warned Mr.
Harriman against as a lawless act — and - when
President Roosevelt interfered with the at-
tempted monopoly and smashed it in the courts.

Mr. Hill, too, cursed him as a meddler, a dema-
gogue, a reckless enemy of private wealth.

' ' So that to-day the Harrimans and Hills and
Rockefellers and all their like are planning the
end of Rooseveltism, and the cry of predatory
Wall Street is that the President has deserted
those who raised him to honor and power and
has become a desperate enemy of legitimate busi-
ness, a menace to prosperity, a fomenter of class
hatred — in short, that he is a violent radical
who stole into office disguised as a conservative.

"But J. Pierpont Morgan knows that he can
go to the White House and be as welcome as
Chief Stone, of the Brotherhood of Locomotive
Engineers, but not any more welcome. Mr.
Rockefeller knows that he can get as fair, but
not fairer, hearing from the President as John
Mitchell, of the United Mine Workers.

Fair Play for All.

"The President has stuck to the idea which he
uttered on a railroad train in California two
years ago.

" 'What message shall I take to organized
labor?' asked one of his heartiest supporters.

" 'Take this message to organized labor,' he
said, clenching his hand and leaning forward :
'I intend to give a square deal to oreanized labor
and to unorganized labor and to capital, too.'

"This last fierce struggle for mastery began
when Mr. Roosevelt was Governor of New York.
The corporations opposed the nomination of Mr.
Roosevelt for Governor of New York, but the
popularity earned before the trenches of Santi-
ago made his nomination and election inevitable.
Besides, Wall Street could not bring itself to be-
lieve that a man born of a rich and distinguished
family, a graduate of Harvard University, and
an associate of the most substantial men in the
community, would fail to recognize the estab-
lished paramountcy of the great corporate in-
terests in the State of New York.

"They had a rude awakening when Governor
Roosevelt took up the now historic franchise tax
law [which the New York World originated and
advocated. — Ed..] and persuaded the Legislature
to pass it.

Piatt's Vain Protest.

"Senator Piatt, the party mouthpiece and
champion of Wall Street, was stunned. Mr.
Morgan, the suzerain of Wall Street, was in a
rage. Mr. Ryan and Mr. Whitney, representing
the street railway interests, were in a state of
angry resentment.

"Senator Piatt wrote a letter to Governor
Roosevelt. The politician who brought this re-
markable Piatt letter to Mr. Roosevelt told him,
as an additional reason why he should not press
the franchise tax bill, that certain great cor-
porate interests not affiliated with the Republican
party had contributed $60,000 to his campaign
fund.

"Mr. Roosevelt replied that he had been as-
sured that these particular interests had paid
$100,000 into the campaign treasury of his op-
ponent, Mr. Van Wyck. The politician admitted
that that was probably true, but that if such

THE PANDEX

183

measures as the franchise tax bill were pressed
too far, these interests would, in the future, con-
fine their large contributions to the Democratic
party.

"That settled it. The Governor saw at once
that he was dealing with a question that trans-
cended all party lines, and was face to face with
a power that was asserting itself against people
and Government alike. He struck again and
again, and did not cease until the franchise tax
was a fact, and not a theory.

Morgan Baffled.

"The Governors of six Northwestern States
appealed to the President for relief from the
Northern Securities railroad merger, which de-
stroyed competition between the Great Northern
and Northern Pacific lines. The President re-
ferred the matter to Attorney-General Knox,
with instructions to deal with the case without
fear or favor. The Attorney-General reported
that the merger was a clear violation of national
law. He was ordered to bring suit at once.

"Down went J. Pierpont Morgan to the White
House, wrathful, but wary of the President's
temper.

" 'It's all a mistake, Mr. President,' he said,
with a wave of his hand. 'The whole thing is
simply a misunderstanding. We can easily com-
promise the matter. Let us get together and
there will be no difficulty about a satisfactory
compromise.'

"Mr. Roosevelt bared his teeth.

" 'I'm afraid that you do not understand my
viewpoint, Mr. Morgan,' he said. 'I am here to
enforce the laws of the United States.'

" 'But there has been no violation of law.'

" 'Then you can not be hurt.'

" 'Yes; but the affair should be compromised.'

" 'I am not here to make compromises,' said
the President. 'There can be no compromise in
the enforcement of the law.'

No Favoritism for Either.

"The man at whose nod Wall Street smiled
or trembled went back to New York burning with
anger. So Samuel Gompers recently retreated
from the White House after practically threat-
ening the President with the political vengeance
of organized labor.

"Other representatives of the Morgan-Hill
merger interests went to the White House. At-
torney-General Knox was present with the Presi-
dent.

"'You should have given private notice be-
fore filing a bill in the courts against the North-
ern Securities Company,' said one.

" 'Why?' asked the President.

" 'We were taken by surprise and the action
of the National Administration suddenly knocked
the prices of our stocks to pieces in the market.
You should have given notice for the sake of the
innocent widows and orphans whose money was
invested in stock.'

" 'I would like to ask you,' said Attorney-
General Knox, heartlessly, 'whether you gave ad-
vance information to the widows and orphans
when you cornered Northern Pacific stock?'

"Again the President showed his teeth.

" 'The Government doesn't give notice,' he
said. 'When it believes that a man has com-
mitted a crime, it arrests him, and then notifies
him of what he is accused. Why should the
Government give notice to one man and not to
another?'

They Wanted a Chance.

" 'But you might at least have notified five or «
six of the biggest men in Wall Street.'

"The President smiled and, rubbed his hands
together softly.

" 'I'm afraid that the little men would not
have appreciated it,' he answered with cruel
gentleness.

" 'I'll say this for the President,' exclaimed
the Attorney-General, leaning back in his chair.
'There is no stock ticker in the White House.
That might as well be understood right now.'

"Whereat the President had to struggle to sup-
press his laughter, so stricken were his visitors
by the unfeeling remark.

"Before permitting the Government to regu-
late freight rates, Mr. Roosevelt had consulted
the most experienced railroad men in the country
in order to do no injury to legitimate business.
He sent for President Cassatt, of the Penn-
sylvania Railroad, and let him read it.

" 'It's perfectly sound/ said Mr. Cassatt
heartily. 'I approve of it. I see no reason why
the Government should not regulate the railroads.
The rebate system is ruinous as well as unfair.
The Government should break it up by enforcing
the law against everybody.'

"Then the President asked for the criticism
of President Ripley, of the Santa Fe system. He,
too, indorsed the plan, declaring that it was to
the interest of legitimate railroad enterprise as
well as the general public, that the rebate sys-
tem should be ended, and all discrimination in
favor of large shippers made impossible by means
of enlarged Governmental powers strictly ap-
plied.

Morgan Played Politics.

"But Mr. Morgan opposed the President's
recommendations to Congress. He could see
nothing in them but an encouragement to the en-
croaching forces of radicalism, a vicious med-
dling with vested property rights. Living in the
narrow spaces of Wall Street, he failed to see
the black cloud on the horizon that signalled the
approach of a hurricane of popular wrath.

"There was a meeting of railroad presidents
at the Metropolitan Club in New York. Mr.
Harriman and Mr. Hill were there; so were Mr.
Cassatt, of the Pennsylvania Railroad; Mr. Rij)-
ley, president of the Santa Fe system ; Mr. Spen-
cer, president of the Southern Railroad Company ;
Mr. Newman, president of the New York Rail-
road Company, and several others of the most
f)owerful railroad corporation representatives in
the country. Mr. Ripley urged that the railroad
companies should throw aside all minor consid-
erations, recognize the sound reformatory na-
ture of the President's ideas, and earnestly sup-
port and promote the policy of Government regu-
lation of railroad rates and the extinction of the
rebate system. Mr. Cassatt also pressed the

184

THE PANDEX

President's plan upon his associates. But the
others shook their heads and declared their un-
alterable opposition.

"Those who are in the habit of doing rever-
ence to the judgments of "Wall Street might
naturally suppose that those powerful men, rep-
resenting hundreds of millions of dollars' worth
• of property depending upon the prosperity and
peace of the Nation, would have entered into a
conflict with the President only on the theory that
he was wrong in principle. Alas, that was not
the ground of their opposition. One after the
other said frankly that the railroad interests
could beat the President in Congress, and that,
as they did not have to make concessions, they
should stand up and fight.

"Now, when Mr. Roosevelt became aware in
this unmistakable way that there was a private
power in the United States which held itself to
be greater than the law or the President or Con-
gress, he made it known to his advisers that he
considered the issue thus deliberately raised as
a direct challenge to the Nation.

Publicity His Best Weapon.

"Mr. Roosevelt believes in publicity. It is his
sharpest sword. When he finds a corrupt com-
bination confronting him he makes the matter
known, and leaves the rest to public opinion.
No man can whisper a threat in his ears. He
opens the doors, throws up the windows, calls
in the crowd and shouts the secret out. It is this
characteristic that embarrasses the stealthy ad-
venturers of Wall Street. They dare not
threaten. It will be in the newspapers next
morning.

"No other President was ever compelled to
face such an alliance of money power, backed
by training and experience, as that which op-
posed the proposed Bureau of Corporations. Yet
it was Mr. Roosevelt's consummate ability to
recognize opportunities and his instinct for swift,
ruthless action that won this memorable struggle.

"John D. Rockefeller's son sent a telegram to
several Senators calling upon them to defeat the
President's bill. It exposed the Standard Oil
Company's desperate interest in the effort to
prevent the Bureau of Corporations from com-
ing into existence.

"A copy of this amazing telegram fell into
Mr. Roosevelt's hands. The moment he read it
he snapped his fingers, leaped to his feet and
cried, 'That passes our ear bill.'

"So great was his joy that he snapped his
fingers repeatedly, a sound as of a whip cracked
over beaten curs, and laughed aloud.

"Without a moment's delay the President
sent for thirty newspaper correspondents and
gave them the telegram. In an hour it had been
flashed to all parts of the country. The Nation
was thoroughly aroused by the revelation.

"That very day Henry H. Rogers and John i).
Archbold, the formidable and arrogant Rocke-
feller regents of the Standard Oil Company,
went to Washington personally to take charge
of the flght against the President. But they ar-
rived only to find that, by his simple device for
calling the sentiment of the whole country to his
aid, Mr. Roosevelt had passed his bill. Not a
Senator dared to bat his eye after the fatal
Rockefeller telegram had been published.

" 'Never strike till you have to,' says the
President, 'but then strike as hard as you can.' "

CRITICISM RESENTED BY PRESIDENT

Washington Says Harriman Merger Probe Is Ac-
tuated, by Desire for Revenge.

Washington, D. C. — E. H. Harriman is being
punished by President Roosevelt because Harri-
man harshly criticized the President.

This action on the part of Harriman is de-
clared, on reliable authority, to be responsible for
the investigation which will be begun by the
Inter-State Commerce Commission in New York
January 4, which, it is believed, will lead to the
dissolution of the Harriman railroad merger.

During the late Congressional campaign Harri-
man was not even lukewarm in his support of the
Republican ticket and he supported the Hearst
ticket in New York. Mr. Harriman, who is by
no means an admirer of Roosevelt, not only de-
clined to contribute to the Republican Con-
gressional campaign fund, but he went to a
member of the Republican Congressional Com-
mittee and told that ofiicial what he thought of
President Roosevelt.

This opinion was anything but complimentary.
In general, Harriman stated that Roosevelt was
a firebrand; that he was irresponsible, and that
his Administration of the office of President had
been responsible for much trouble experienced by
the business world.

The member of the Congressional Committee
lost no time in informing Roosevelt what Har-
riman had said. This report displeased the
President, and he shook his fist in the face of
the member of the committee and asked:

' ' Did Harriman say these things about me ? "

Upon being assured as to the truth of the
statement, the President said :

"All right; I will attend to this matter."

Shortly after this incident the Inter-State
Commerce Commission ordered an investigation
of the Harriman merger, and it is declared by
the Administration that all the power at its com-
mand will be exerted to bring about a dissolution
of the merger. — Pittsburg Dispatch.

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185

LABOR AT THE PLAY

IN CHARLES KLEIN'S new play, "Daughters of Men," at
the Astor Theater, Capital and Labor are boldly treated.
The Organizers of trusts and Leaders of labor are so boldly,
so brutally portrayed that the New York World asked Samuel
Gompers, president of the American Federation of Labor, and
the most widely recognized labor leader in the country, to
see the play. The following is Mr. Gompers' review:

The "Daughter^ of Men," now playing at the Astor Theater, is
a great play. Mr. Charles Klein has not only added to his already
well-deserved reputation, but he has also performed a great public
service in the presentation of that play, and particularly its pre-
sentation at a theater where the attendance is usually made up from
the theater-going well-to-do and fairly well-to-do people.

Having been asked to review the play, "The Daughters of Men,"
and record my opinion of its merits, if I were asked to epitomize its
salient features, I would say that it is a play, clean, intensely in-
teresting, of a high moral, public purpose with its characters at once
boldly and clearly as well as delicately brought out.

186

THE PANDEX

The play opens with a room
in the Fifth Avenue mansion of
the millionaires, Crosbys, who
are principal owners in and di-
rectors of one of the large coal,
iron and transportation com-
panies, of which so many exist
in our time.

Grace Crosby (Miss Effie
Shannon), sister of Mathew and
Reginald Crosby, and niece of
Richard Milbank, the tempor-
arily retired director of the
company, and its chief owner,
is deeply in love with John
Stedman. Stedman, while so-
cially and financially the equal
of the Crosbys, has been
^ won over to the cause of

^^ labor and the people, and
o at the opening of the play
is the leader of the or-
ganized workingmen who
are engaged in strike in
all the company's enterprises. '

Grace attended several meetings and listened with growing in-
terest to the graceful oratory and earnest pleadings of Stedman, and
learned to respect and finally to love him, to love him for his sin-
cerity and the cause he so beautifully portrays. The love of Grace
Crosby and John Stedman is of the highest and most ennobling char-
acter. It is the love of and for the good and the true man and
woman.

Their love and their characters are put to severe tests, by reason
of their affiliations, their families and the divergent paths resulting
particularly from the strike. In addition to the human interest and
labor features of the play, it is a beautiful and thrilling love story.
In the second act the strike is at its crucial point for both sides.
The men are living on little, and the directors of the company are
on the verge of financial ruin. The leaders of the striking work-
men's organization are pitting the hungry stomachs of the men
against the dire straits in which they know the company to be.
Something is impending. Unless either or both bend a break must
come somewhere.

The manner in which Mr. Klein worked up to the situation which
brought about the meeting of the board of directors of the company
and the leaders of the workmen is not only happy but indeed little
short of ingenious. Miss Crosby being forbidden by her family to
see Stedman and not seeing him for weeks, visits his room at an
'unconventional hour.' She makes this visit to plead with him to
end the strike, which she urges he has fought more relentlessly be-
cause she has been compelled to give him up.

Louise Stolbeck (Miss Dorothy Donnelly), the daughter of Louis
Stolbeck, a theorist and revolutionist and member of the workmen's
leaders, loves Stedman. She is jealous of and hates Grace Crosby.

THE PANDEX

The scene between Louise Stolbeck and Grace Crosby is beyond
doubt one of the strongest and of the deepest human interest, not
only in this play, but of any play I have seen in many years. The
ribaldry, frivolity, hate, anger, passion, bravado, daring, anguish,
and despair are all portrayed by Miss Donnelly with a sincerity so
convincing as to thrill her audience to the very core.

It is not my purpose to speak of the ability of the company, of
the exceedingly capable players which interpret their several parts.
I could not resist the temptation to express my great appreciation
and the evident great appreciation of the audience of Miss Don-
nelly's splendid work.

Quite apart from the sterling character of John Stedman, the hero
of the play, there are two characters the very antitheses of each
other. One, Mathew Crosby, the other James Burress. In one
feature alone are they similar, the dogged determination to dominate.
Crosby, the member of the "Federated Companies," whose men are
on strike; Burress, one of the "Federated Brotherhood."

Crosby typifies that cold-blooded, determined man who looks
upon the masses of workei-s as so many instruments to yield him and
his their labor for his own personal aggrandizement, who has no
conception that the labor and the man are one; who is scornful of
the fact that the laborer is human, that he has the same loves and
affections, duties and obligations to himself; that he is made warm
by the same summer sun and chilled by the same winter's blast, and
that after all the laborer is a human being with a soul and heart
as well as possessing the power to produce wealth.

Crosby is the cold, cruel type of man who could witness with in-
difference and without turning scarcely, without the quiver of a lip
or causing a tremor in his entire being, the crushing of human hearts
and human souls. He is bereft of all moral responsibility and con-
science for the well-being of his fellows.

Burress, on the other hand, is that type of brutal ignorance
brought about by the worst conditions under which workmen toil
for just such employers as Crosby.

Such as Burress, thanks to the growing power of the labor move-
ment, are fast disappearing from any position of influence in the
real labor movement of our time. He has been fed upon the cold in-

188

THE PANDEX

difference and brutal course of the Crosby regime, and he would,
out of sheer force of powei-, annihilate Crosby upon the first impulse.

Mathew Crosby would put to work all the secret machinations
which money could employ. He would not stain his hands even
though he would his deadened conscience with human blood. He
fights with the rapier, Burress with the battle-axe.

The "Daughters of Men" is a tribute to the well-ordered trades
union movement of America as understood and represented by the
American Federation of Labor. It demonstrates that labor, to be
respected and to have consideration given to the attainment of the
rights to which it is entitled and to the abolition of the wrongs from
which it has suffered, must organize and possess power.

The assertion of the aged Richard Milbank, the temporarily re-
tired chief of the board of directors of the Federated Companies,
that he will resume his old position of authority, that he is in ac-
cord with Stedman, with the intelligent, kind-hearted McCarthy,
president of the workmen's organization, that both Stedman and
McCarthy realized that it is not only power, but consideration and
love, that will win — it is Milbank 's splendid declaration that helps
in the magnificent denouement when he says :

"A little sentiment and a little compromise is an absolute neces-
sity— damn it, let's be human!"

Lines Gompers Listened to in the Play.

MILBANK — Mathew, I don't want to even criticize; you and
Thedford are handling the Federated properties very skilfully. The
dividends are splendidly large and all that, but the workmen were
more satisfied with their lot in your father's day. I don't know —
you young business men are all business. There's no sentiment, no
compromise. Good God, we're only here for a hundred years, more
or less. Can't something be done for
the men? I thought when I retired
from business that I should be free from
responsibility, that I should enjoy peace
and happiness — instead of
which what happens? At this
moment over a million men are
arrayed against us in a struggle
for supremacy; my nephew
married to a woman who
squanders his patrimony and
disgraces our family name; and
my niece in love with a stump
orator who publicly denounces
us — our business methods — our
very existence. A
pretty kettle of fish.
And you two stand
there like a pair of
obeli.sks.

MATHEW (To
Stedman) — You, the
leader of a band of
malcontents whose
sole purjiose in life

(Continued on-page 189)

THE PANDEX

189

is to sow seeds of discord among the working
classes, to get them to rebel against established
conditions! You, an agitator, the friend of Jem
Burress, an Anarchist of the worst type 1

STEDMAN — The great masses are utterly
ignorant of the real conditions of life and they
need some one in whom they trust to show how
to progress without destroying everything in their
eagerness to attain their object. If I — if I re-
sign my position in the Interstate Federation and
become a corporation lawyer- — if I help the cor-
poration to evade the law as your uncle has sug-
gested— don't you see how it would hurt the
cause — of the people. It would look as though
none of their leaders could be trusted — as if we
were as lacking in sincerity as the men we ac-
cuse.

BURRESS (To Martin)— You needn't mister
me. I know who you are, and I want to tell
you, my friend, right here — if you ask me to
sign any more petitions opposing the action of
the General Council you'll lose your standing.
See? I don't want to interfere, understand —
all men have equal rights and privileges, but we

want no anarchy — no kickers — you trust your
leaders, don't you?

STOLBECK— We know more than you do or
we wouldn't be leaders. Instead of studying
your Bible, study your Karl Marx — your Jack
London — ^your Eugene Debs — and you will know
something, too.

LACKETT — Intellectual energy, my dear fel-
low, is what qualifies a man for leadership. We
have intellect, plus energy — you men have energy
but nothing to direct it— you must follow those
who have.

BURRESS — ^We have an equal right to hap-
piness and we claim that right. Our political
democracy is a mask behind which industrial
plutocracy tries to hide itself. We produce
everything and get nothing — you produce nothing
and get everything.

M'CARTHY— Come now, we've got this far
— let's go on — leave the question of recognition
to the last.

BURRESS — No — we have them whipped now
— the bottom is out of the stock market — there
is nothing doing and we've got 'em going, I tell
you.

Rockefeller as "King of the Republic"

MAXIM GORKY PUBLISHES AN IMAGINATIVE INTERVIEW WITH
THE MASTER OF AMERICAN BUSINESS.

STUNG by unceasing criticism and appar-
ently astonished that his character and
motives should be impugned, Mr. Rockefeller
comes before the public more and more, either
thru a regular press agent or thru his own
power to command attention, in the light of
his religious piety, his personal companion-
ableness and his other attributes which are
inconsistent with the black lines in which he
has been painted hitherto. Here, however,
follows an imaginary view of the Oil King
as Maxim Gorky sees him. It is from the
New York American:

London. — Maxim Gorky has begun the publica-
tion of a series of imaginative interviews here.
The first is entitled "One of the Kings of the
Republic. ' '

"The steel kings, petroleum kings, and all
other kings of the United States have always

been confused in my imagination, ' ' writes Gorky.
"I couldn't think of such persons as being or-
dinary men."

Then Gorky depicts his conception of the
American millionaire as a Gargantuan person of
extraordinary appetite, with an inordinate desire
to possess everything in the world. From
Gorky's description of his millionaire it is easy
to see that he is personifying John D. Rocke-
feller.

"Face of a New-Bom Child."

"My astonishment may be imagined," says
Gorky, "when I found that this millionaire is
one of the simplest of men. In an easy chair
before me sat this long, thin, old man, who
clasped his wrinkled hands on his waist.

' ' The withered skin of his face was carefully
shaven. His lower lip, drooping in tired fashion,
disclosed a pair of well-made jaws, with golden
teeth. His upper lip is cleanly shaven,
bloodless and thin, and clung close to his
teeth, hardly moving when the old man spoke.
His lusterless eyes have no brows, and his head
was bald. It seemed as if this face lacked

190

THE PANDEX

skin. Ruddy, motionless, and shining as it was,
it reminded one of the face of a newborn child.
It was hard to determine whether this human
being was beginning life or approaching the
end."

Makes Money to Make More.

After expressing his astonishment on learning
that the millionaire ate frugally, Gorky con-
tinues :

" 'Then, what do you do with your money?'
I asked. He shrugged his shoulders and an-
swered: 'I make more money with it.'

" 'Why?' I asked.

" 'To make still more,' he answered.

" 'Why?' I repeated.

"He leaned toward me and asked, 'Are you
mad?'

" 'And you?' I answered, interrogatively. The
old man bowed his head and muttered : ' Strange
man. It is, perhaps, the first time I've seen
such a one.'

" 'What do you do?' I asked.

" 'I make money,' he said, bluntly.

" 'How do you make money?' I asked.

" 'Oh,' he said, nodding, 'it's very simple. I
possess railways. Farmers produce goods. I
put these on the market. Now I must see how
much money to leave the farmer so that he will
not starve, and will continue working, and I
take the rest as my tariff for transportation. It 's
very simple.'

" 'Are the farmers satisfied?' I asked.

" 'Not all I think,' he said with childish
simplicity, 'but it is said men are always dis-
satisfied with everything. There are funny fel-
lows everywhere who are always grumbling.'

" 'Doesn't the Government prevent you?' I
asked modestly.

" 'The Government?' he repeated thought-
fully. Then he nodded as if a fine idea sudden-
ly had struck him. 'Ah, the people in Washing-
ton? No, they don't hinder me; they're nice
young fellows; some belong to my club, but I
do not often see them, so I'm apt to forget them.
No, they do not hinder me,' he repeated, and
then asked, 'Are there any governments which
hinder people from making money?' I felt eon-
fused in my heartlessness and his wisdom.

"Idealism Doesn't Work Here."

" 'No,' I said. 'You see, I only thought gov-
ernments sometimes must forbid open robbery.'

" 'Ahem,' he said, 'that's idealism. It doesn't
work here. The Government has not the right
to interfere in private affairs.'

" 'Then, if many people are ruined by one, is
that a private affair?' I asked.

" 'Ruined?' he repeated. 'Ruined? Yes, if
workmen are dear and if they strike; but there
are immigrants here. They always reduce work-
men's pay and take the places of strikers.
When there are enough of them who work cheap-
ly and buy necessaries largely everything is all
right.'

"He became somewhat livelier. His harsh
voice sounded more quickly. 'A good govern-
ment,' he went on, 'is a necessity. It solves

problems. There must be as many people in the
country as I need in order that they buy what
I want to sell. There must be so many work-
men that I shall not lack any, but not one too
many. Then there would be a socialistic gov-
ernment. The government must not tax peo-
ple highly.

"Soldiers to Enforce Laws."

" 'I take everything the people can give.
That's what I call a good government. It is
necessary for me that order should reign. Gov-
ernment at small cost engages various phil-
osophers, who teach people at least eight hours
every Sunday to obey the laws. If philosophers
do not suffice, they use soldiers. The method is
of no consequence, but the result is important.
The consumer and workman must be obliged to
keep the law, that's all.'

"I asked, 'Are you satisfied with the present
government?'

"He did not answer immediately, then said:
' It does less than it can do. I say immigrants
must be allowed to come in. We have political
freedom, which they enjoy, and that must be paid
for. Each immigrant should bring in $500. A
man with $500 is ten times as good as a man with
only $50. Tramps, beggars, invalids and other
sluggards are not wanted anywhere.'

' ' Enough Americans Now. ' '
" 'But that lessens the number of immigrants,'
I interposed. The old man nodded, answering,
'Yes, I propose to close the country to them
altogether, in time. Now everybody may bring
money. It is useful for the country. Then we
ought to increase the time required for becoming
a citizen. Afterward we must abolish natural-
ization altogether. Let those work who want to,
for the Americans, but it doesn't follow that
they ought to get the right of American citizen-
ship. There are enough Americans. The Gov-
ernment must be differently organized. All mem-
bers of the Government must be stockholders in
industrial undertakings, then they'll understand
the country's interests quicker and easier. Now
I'm obliged to buy senators in order to convince
them of several details necessary to me.'

Tells of Religious Belief.

"Now that his political views were clear, I
asked what he thought of religion.

" 'Oh,' he replied, clapping his knee, 'I think
religion is necessary for the people. I believe in
it entirely. I even preach myself on Sundays.
I say to them: "Dear brothers and sisters, all
this life is an empty void. If we do not love our
neighbor, whoever he may be, don't leave your
hearts in the power of evil spirits of envy. Of
what should you be envious? Earthly goods are
illusions, instruments of the devil. We must all
die. Rich and poor, kings, miners, bankers, are
sweeps in paradise. Perhaps the miners will be
the kings, and the kings the sweeps. Don 't listen
to men who arouse sinful feeling of envy and
show you the poverty of one and the riches of
another.

" 'These men are ambassadors of the devil.

THE PANDEX

191

THE TICKER IN RAILROADING

MOT Tor

' WT/wr NOT m

MeAttM OR FOfl.
ANt ^DY clue's

WML STREET OFFICE
Ol' THE
GOLD LUST TWINS

STEEL CARS, EH?

SAFE But Too expen- i

SIVE. they'd CUT OUR
DIVIDENDS IN Two"

The Master Pays Too Much Attention to It.

The Man Pays Too Little.

— Chicago Tribune.

192

THE PANDEX

Don't listen to sermons about equality and other
inventions of the devil. What's the meaning of
equality here on earth? Only to strive to equal-
ize each other in purity of soul, to bear your
cross patiently. Obedience will lighten your
burden. Heaven's with you, my children; you
need nothing more.'

"The old man became silent; looked at me
triumphantly, his golden teeth glittering.

" 'You understand how to make use of relig-
ion,' I observed.

" 'Yes, I know its value,' he said. 'Religion
is necessary for the poor. I like it. Religion is
an oil. The more we oil life's machine with it,
the less friction we will have, and the easier will
be the engineer's work.'

" 'You think you are a Christian?' I asked.

" 'Of course,' he answered, 'but I am an
American at the same time, and as such, a strict
moralist. '

"Millionaires Ought to Govern."

" 'What do you think about the socialists?' I
asked. 'They're servants of the devil,' he re-
plied. 'There should be no socialists in good gov-
ernment. They originate in America. People
at Washington do not understand their task
clearly. They ought to refuse civil rights to
socialists. A government must have the interests
of life more at heart. All its members ought to
be chosen from the ranks of the millionaires to
fight socialists. We must have more religion and
soldiers' religion against atheism, soldiers
against anarchy. Krst we pour the lead of ec-
clesiasticism into his head. If that doesn't cure,
then soldiers pour lead into his body.'

Buys Art, Like Poetry.

" 'What do you think of art?' I asked. He
looked at me childishly. 'What do you say?' he
asked. ' I asked what you thought of art. ' ' Oh, '
he answered, quietly, 'I don't think about it. I
simply buy it.'

" 'How do you like poetry?' I asked. 'I like
poetry very well,' he said. 'Life is jolly when
they write advertisements in verse.'

" 'What's your favorite book, excluding, of
course, the check book?' I asked. 'I love two
books,' he said, 'the Bible and my general ac-
count book. Both raise my spirits. '

"I stood up to go. 'Tell me,' I asked, 'what
is there in being a millionaire?'

" 'It's a habit,' he answered.

" 'Do you think tramps, opium smokers, and
millionaires belong to the same order of crea-
tion,' I asked. That offended him and he said:
'You're an ill-mannered person.'

"I started to leave. 'Are there any super-
fluous kings in Europe?' he asked. 'They're all
superfluous,' I said. 'I should like to hire a
couple of kings,' he said.

" 'What for?' I asked. 'For fun,' he an-
swered. 'What do you think it will cost to have
two kings box here half an hour daily for three
months?' "

A WAIL.

Our laws are being Bryanized,

and Ryanized
and Zionized.

Our sports are being candified

or dandified
and Andified.

Our art is all a mockery

of Bokery —
Ccmstockery.

Good words that Shakespeare credited
are edited
and Teddited.

We're cursed with Castellanity,
insanity
and vanity.

Our industries are dustifled

or trustified
or bustified.

Or else they're superorganized

and Morganized
and gorgonized.

But courage! heart, and do not fret;
Depew and Piatt are with us yet.

— New York Times.

STORY OF THE RICH MAN.

De rich man eat his 'possum.

En Latherus at de gate;
De rich man say: "Dis 'possum good —

I'll set up wid him late!"

De Night, hit keep a-comin' —

De shadders creep en creep;
01' Latherus so hongry

He dunno whar he'll sleep.

De rich man say: "Dat Latherus

Hez got ter go his ways ;
I'll sen' him ter de stockade,

En give him thirty days!"

En den all er a sudden

01' Satan's voice he know;
He says: "Put by dat 'possum —

Hit's come yo' time ter go!"

En den, whar wuz de rich man?

Oh, ever' sinner knows!
He in de fire department

Whar dey don 't turn on de hose.

— Atlanta Constitution.

THE PANDEX

193

COMBINATION OF THE ELEMENTS AND

OF COMMERCIAL CIRCUMSTANCE

AND CONSPIRACY TO WORK

HARDSHIPS UPON ALL

CLASSES

RAILROAD CAR SHORTAGE GIVEN AS EXCUSE FOR A FUEL
FAMINE IN THE MIDST OF SEVERE WINTER. UNINTER-
RUPTED RISE IN PRICES OF NECESSITIES
INCREASES THE SUFFERING

IF OBJECT lesson were needed to impress
the critical nature of the issue between
Harriman and Roosevelt, as outlined in the
preceding symposium in this issue of The
Pandex, the amazing conditions in the west-
em coal fields, in the national arena of
prices, and in the atmospheric world of
climate have served to drive the considera-
tion of the hour home to everyone. While
the "prosperity" of the country has been
creating an alleged shortage of transporta-
tion equipment those who use the misfortune
of others to increase their own wealth have
been giving the car shortage as an excuse for
a widespread and cruel famine and advance
in prices of fuel ; and it appears to have mat-
tered little to them that the season has been

unduly cold and miserable. Selfishness has
had its full sway; and the only forceful
enemy of it has been the redoubtable occu-
pant of the White House.

MAY COST MANY LIVES

Farmers in Northwest to Ask for Troops to Save
Them from Freezing.

Something of the tragic possibilities of the
selfishness in the coal fields was reflected in
the reports of the New York World, as
follows :

Minneapolis, Dec. 14. — With the cold-wave
signal flying, the coal shortage in the Northwest
becomes not only a cause of severe suffering, but
an absolute menace to human life.

Glenburn, N. D., is seriously considering an
appeal to the governors of North Dakota and

194

THE PANDEX

Minnesota to employ the state militia in forc-
ing the movement of coal trains. Eveleth, Minn.,
faces darkness and suffering through deprivation
of coal and apprehensive reports have come from
many other places.

The Glenburn situation is summed up in a
statement from the Glenburn Commercial Club
as follows :

"The dealers advise that the situation is en-
tirely up to the railroads, as shippers are unable
to obtain ears to load with coal. To-dav we will

FAMINE FELT IN CANADA

Export Coal to United States While Hundreds
Freeze.

That the range of the fuel famine was
more than national was reflected in the fol-
lowing from the Chicago Tribune :

Ottawa, Canada, December 13. — In the discus-
sion in the House of Commons on Saskatehe-

The Employer — Be grateful! See how I'm raising you that you may keep up with my In-
creased-Cost-of-Living-Balloon.

— International Syndicate.

wire Governor Searles requesting him to take
up the matter with Governor Johnson, of Minne-
sota, and if necessary call out the militia of the
two states to run coal trains.

"The situation all through this section is des-
perate, and with the liability of blizzards at any
time many may freeze to death if fuel is not
available soon. Farmers are already coming to
town with reports of burning sheds and other
out-houses for fuel."

wan's coal famine, President Roosevelts' refer-
ences to government ownership in his recent mes-
sage to Congress were cited by Mr. Roche, con-
servative, as an example Sir Wilfrid Laurier
would do well to adopt in regard to Canada's
vast unworked coal areas in the West.

The discussion arose in a motion by Mr. Heron,
conservative, declaring that the coal lands
owned by Canada should only be alienated under
such conditions as would insure a supply of coal

THE PANDEX

195

THE MODERN BLOCK (HEAD) SYSTEM.
As Some Railroad Companies Appear to Apply It.

— Chicago News.

196

THE PANDEX

to the people at all times adequate to their re-
quirements. It was shown that the coal famine
had caused great suifering to thousands of set-
tlers, and this, coupled with the scarcity and
heavy cost of lumber for building, resulting from
combines and the car famine, had brought about
conditions so serious as to endanger the develop-
ment of the country.

Thousands of tons of Canadian coal were being
exported from the Alberta mines to the United
States by J. J. Hill and other American million-
aires while the families of settlers in Saskatche-
wan were in danger of freezing to death for want
of fuel. The majority of settlers, even the com-
paratively well to do, are forced to live in
houses, according to Mr. Heron, that do not
protect them from the weather.

STARVATION BEHIND FAMINE

Suffering Northwestern Cities Faced Shortage in
Food Supply.

Still another picture of the scope and sig-
nificance of the coal shortage was shown in
the following in the Chicago Record-Herald :

Minneapolis, December 19. — Danger of starva-
tion is now added to the horrors of the fuel
famine in the Northwest. The already inade-
quate railroad service has been interrupted by
the cold and blizzards on the western prairies,
and now several towns are not only suffering
from lack of fuel, but are short of food. The
situation at Ambrose, N. D., is declared to be
desperate. A telegram from the Citizens' Com-
mittee there, received to-day, says:

"Ambrose is without coal and provisions.
Twenty cars of fuel and food in the hands of the
railway company must be brought here by special
train at once in order to relieve the situation or
great suffering will result. Have wired the gen-
eral manager of the Soo Line, but no assurance
of relieving present needs has been secured."

FUEL FAMINE A CONSPIRACY

Commissioner Declares That Northwest Dealers
Are in Plot to Boom Coal.

Up to the time that The Pandex went to
press nothing conclusive had been offered in
evidence as to the manner in which the coal
shortage was brought about, but the general
consensus of opinion was that it was en-
tirely artificial and uncalled for. The fol-
lowing from the New York Herald reflected
the ofiScial view of the Interstate Commerce
Commission :

Washington, D. C, January 3. — "Throughout
this inquiry the thought has repeatedly sug-

gested itself that many of the problems pre-
sented must rest in the character and intelli-
gence of the railroad managers — their foresight,
initiative adaptability, and public spirit."

This paragraph, written by Commissioner
Lane, epitomizes the report which the Interstate
Commerce Commission has rendered to the Presi-
dent on the subject of the car shortage in the
Northwest.

The fuel famine in North Dakota is attributed
to a conspiracy of wholesale and retail dealers
to "maintain prices and boycott all who do not
agree." The indisputable proof which the Com-
mission says it has of this will be handed to the
Department of Justice, which, it is expected, will
be at once directed to bring proceedings under
the Sherman Law forbidding combination in re-
straint of trade. This combination operates in
North Dakota, Minnesota, and Wisconsin.

The fact that but thirty-eight per cent of the
grain crop of North Dakota has been shipped to
market and that millions of bushels lie under
snow on the fields is laid to the policy of the
railroads of the Northwest, including the Great
Northern and Northern Pacific, in showing pref-
erence to long hauls and in subordinating time
of transportation to tonnage transported.

Commissioners Lane and Harlan conducted
the investigation at Minneapolis and Chicago.

Referring to the report that the coal shortage
was due to the presence of a trust or combination
between dealers in coal who fixed prices in the
Northwest and refused to sell to 'outsiders' and
'irregulars,' the report says:

"The Commission has gained indisputable
proof of an agreement between coal dealers to
maintain prices, and to boycott all who do not so
agree; but there is no evidence at all justifying
the contention that this combination is charge-
able with the coal shortage prevailing nor that
the railroads were party in any way to such a
conspiracy."

SOUTHWEST LOSING MILLIONS

Lumber, Cotton, and Other Products Piled Up
at Every Siding, Shippers Say.

Another picture of the extent of the disas-
ter wrought by the fuel famine was given- as
follows in the St. Louis Republic :

The hearing conducted by Interstate Com-
missioner C. A. Prouty, assisted by P. J. Farrell,
relative to the general freight congestion, brought
out statements by shippers that strikingly re-
sembled the complaints in the North and the
Northwest about the fuel famine.

While the reports from North Dakota and
other states emphasize physical suffering and
want, however, the testimony at the hearing
here charged the railroads with responsibility
for great financial losses to farmers, manufac-
turers, cattle men, cotton growers, lumber deal-
ers, and merchants. The relators declared that

THE PANDEX

197

WHAT THE FUEL FAMINE IS COMING TO

— Bellingham Bay Herald.

the losses caused by freight congestion are ines-
timable.

The car shortage in Texas has paralyzed the
grain industry of the state and practically
ruined, in several instances, dealers and growers,
who are considering the advisability of discon-
tinuing business, according to the testimony of
W. 0. Brackett, chairman of the Arbitration
Committee of the Texas Grain Dealers' Associa-
tion.

Mr. Brackett read a series of letters from firms
in various cities. He blamed not only the lack
of transportation facilities, but the policy of cer-
tain railroads in refusing free interchange of
cars at junction points. This, he stated, causes
the most aggravating and costly delays, and he
suggested that the Commission evolve some
method by which it may be eliminated.

Mr. Brackett told of one grower in Oklahoma,
who for two months had had stored in temporary
bins on the ground sixty thousand bushels of
corn, representing $20,000. This man wrote that
he expected "comparative ruin," as he was abso-
lutely unable to obtain cars in which to ship his
crops to market, and must hold his corn until
proper transportation is available.

SHIPPERS PARTLY TO BLAME

Chairman of Commission Asserts Roads Can Not
Handle Traffic.

Distribution of fault, of course, always is

to be found in any crisis, and that blame

attaches other than to the railroads in the

car shortage is set forth in the following

from the Philadelphia North American:

Washington. — Shippers of the country, accord-
ing to Chairman Knapp, of the Interstate Com-
merce Commission, are quite as much to blame
as the railroads for the shortage of freight cars
which has created such a furore throughout the
country during the past few weeks.

Judge Knapp said that, while the acute stage
has been passed in the Northwest and in the
southwestern states, the situation is still very
grave.

"In that growing region," said the Chief Com-
missioner, "prosperity is so great and crops so
heavy that the railroads are swamped. They
have often neither cars nor track facilities to
handle the traffic offered for transportation. But

198

THE PANDEX

lack of ears, although not the only difficulty, is,
of course, the greatest.

"If the shippers would load and unload cars
with less delay, the car shortage question would
be solved, to a great extent.

"Co-operation on the part of the shipper in
avoiding all unnecessary delay in loading and
unloading is absolutely essential, therefore, to
even an approximate solution of the vexatious
problem of ear shortage."

In fact, since Congress has called upon the
Interstate Commerce Commission to suggest leg-
islation which will prevent car shortage, and
since investigation has disclosed the responsi-
bility of the shipper in the matter of delays, in
order to eradicate the evil it would seem that the
National Government might have to go into the
business of regulating shippers as well as rail-
roads. While this may seem absurd, yet on the
face of the returns there is ample ground for the
statement.

J. J. HILL ON COAL FAMINE

He Says That a Storm and Zero Weather at First
Delayed Trains.

An ex-parte view of the whole situation is
the following interview with James J. Hill,
taken from the New York Sun :

Washington. — James J. Hill, president of the
Great Northern Railway Company, in a letter
received by a friend in Washington throws
additional light on the cause of the alleged coal
famine in the Northwest. The letter says:

"The commission was here and after three
days' investigation they found that in a very
stormy week, with the thermometer at from
thirty-five to thirty-eight degrees below zero, it
was difficult to move trains and to keep open
some of the branch lines. Our company has
moved into the section affected this year nearly
ninety thousand tons more coal than last year.
Yesterday the Commission received reports from
all points from which complaints have been re-
ceived to the effect that coal was being supplied
rapidly. Speaking for the Great Northern, I
think to-day there are from sixty thousand to
eighty thousand tons of coal in loaded cars west-
bound from the head of Lake Superior which are
rapidly reaching destination. This would supply
North Dakota at the rate of any previous con-
sumption until March 1, but the people in that
section have been very prosperous and those who
have heretofore used local lignites, which are
mined in their neighborhood, have changed to
better qualities of coal."

Mr. Hill enclosed a letter which he had re-
ceived from a merchant in Staples, Minn., in
which the writer said:

"If the coal dealers in the Northwest would
prepare for winter as the dry-goods dealers do
there would not be such a howl about car short-
age. I buy my winter stock in July, August, and

September. The coal man waits until November.
I am surprised that the railroads have handled
traffic as well as they have, considering the de-
mands made upon them. When retail coal deal-
ers refuse to lay in a supply of fuel early the
wholesale dealer should sell direct in car lots to
the consumer. This they refused to do in the
past. It would be the solution of the whole prob-
lem."

HIGH PRICES FOR EVERY NECESSITY

Universal Cry for Relief From Additional Bur-
dens Upon Reasonable Existence.

While the coal situation was so pressing,
and while in all parts of the country people
were complaining of the pinch of rising
prices and the inadequacy of the rising
wage, the New York World, thru its mul-
tiple correspondents, was able to present the
following comprehensive survey of the Amer-
ican field:

Investigation by World correspondents in all
parts of the country as to the increase of wages
and salaries as compared with the increase in the
cost of living indicates that generally the wage
increase has not kept pace with the cost of the
necessaries of life. It is also shown that while
incomes have been liberally advanced within only
recent months, the cost of living has been increas-
ing for five or six years, and has now reached
the maximum for a quarter of a century.

The people of some of the states are extremely
prosperous and satisfied, but the cry from nearly
every section is that present incomes are not
sufficient to meet the reasonable demands of liv-
ing.

Fails to Better Conditions.

Cleveland.— Despite the large number of work-
ing men who have received an advance in wages
in the last year, industrial conditions are pro-
nounced but little better than they were a year
ago. According to reports in the hands of Harry
D. Thomas, secretary of the United Trades and
Labor Council, the larger cost of living more than
counterbalances the increase paid to union men.

In order to equalize the differential between
the cost of living and wages, a campaign of or-
ganization is being conducted with the intention
of uniting the independent workers and strength-
ening the movement for better conditions.

Hoosiers Ahead of Expenses.

Indianapolis. — Experts declare that the ad-
vance in the cost of living is going on in such a
way that it will demonstrate itself in the figures
of future statistics in an alarming manner. At
present, taking the entire state, inquiry shows an
average advance in wages of about ten per cent,
and an advance in living hardly six per cent.

THE PANDEX

199

200

THE PANDEX

Chicago May Come Out on a Level.

Chicago, December 26. — Professor Albion W.
Small, head of the Sociology Department of the
University of Chicago, says: "Living expenses
are higher now than for any other period within
twenty-six years. In 1881 they reached a level
in many channels as high as to-day. Then there

from every city in the state, and by a system of
points has worked out a percentage by which, in
a report just issued, it is shown that the net in-
crease in the price of these commodities is ap-
proximately 20.38 per cent.

A comparison of prices between October of this
year and the corresponding month two years ago,
shows that eighty-two articles of food show an

RUBBING IT IN.

-Pittsburg Gazette Times.

was a gradual decline until ten years ago, when
the advance set in. During that time the wages
of skilled labor have advanced in even greater
proportion than living expenses. The wages of
unskilled labor have not had the same advance.
"For the last three years the railroads have
been advancing wages of employees that always
have been paid below the percentage of increase
of living expenses, and this year the indication
is that the increase in railroad wages will equal
the percentage of increase of living expenses."

Foods Cost 20.38 Per Cent More.

Boston. — The Massachusetts Bureau of Statis-
tics of Labor, investigating the increased cost of
living, has obtained prices on necessary food

increase in price, fifty a decrease, and nine no
change. In the increased list are buckwheat, rye
and Graham flour, black tea, cut loaf sugar, mo-
lasses, vinegar, butter, cheese, eggs, kidney beans,
rice, sago, meat of all kinds, several varieties of
fish, vegetables, and fruit.

In the decrease list are bread and pastry flour,
meal, coffee, green and mixed tea, cheaper grades
of sugar, the better grades of butter, medium and
pea beans, split peas, starch, oil, pickles, coal, and
wood.

Rents Up in Denver.

Denver. — John C. Gallup is authority for the
estimate that house rents have increased during
the past year in Denver about eight to ten per

THE PANDEX

201

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202

THE PANDEX

cent. The cost of provisions of all kinds has
been also materially advanced in the year. Fuel
is about the same as in 1905. Flour is slightly
higher. Sugar and meats have been uniformly
five per cent hisrher during the whole year. Some
of the staple meat products of the best grades,
especially those shipped from the East, have
risen eight to ten per cent. Poultry and green
truck retained the high prices of last year till
Thanksgiving, since when there has been a slight
decrease. Clothing and all other dry goods have
not decreased any from the marked advance of a
year and a half or two ago.

Increase in Michigan Only Three Cents.

Detroit. — In the race between wages and the
cost of living in Michigan honors went to the lat-
ter during the last year. The Wolverine State
is prospering, as the great increase in the number
of employees attests, but the manufacturer, capi-
talist, farmer, are reaping the benefit rather than
the wage earner or the man on a small salary. It
is estimated that the increase in wages for the
year will average less than three cents per day,
obviously an insufficient advance to meet the cost
of living.

Wages and Cost Unequal in Ohio.

Cleveland. — Union labor in Ohio is receiving,
according to figures by H. D. Thomas, secretary
of the United Trades and Labor Council, twenty
per cent more in wages than they were five years
ago; on the other hand, his statistics show that
provisions, shoes, clothing, and rents have ad-
vanced more than thirty-five per cent within five
years.

Balance Against the People.

St. Paul. — Incomplete reports of the State La-
bor Commission show that the increase in wages
in Minnesota mines and factories has been 8 per
cent during the past year, mostly in the mining
and lumbering regions. The statistics of the cost
of living, says the Labor Commission, are not yet
complete, but they show that the increase in
wages has not kept pace with the increased cost
of living, not mentioning the item of room, flat,
or house rent, which has increased tremendously.

The balance is against the workman, trades-
man, and professional man by a five-per-cent in-
crease. Rents have advanced twenty to twenty-
five per cent, though building operations have ad-
vanced thirty-three per cent.

Can't Meet Their Expenses.

Lewiston, Me. — It is announced by the mail
agents here that beginning December 31 the
wages in all of the Lewiston cotton mills will ad-
vance five per cent, the second increase of wages
in these mills within six months, as last August
the wages were voluntarily advanced five per
cent. This makes a total of ten per cent increase
during the last half of the year, and still many

of the employees claim that their income is insuf-
ficient to properly support their families, since
the cost of living has increased double the in-
crease in wages.

Many of the operatives are running behind
this winter, and hope to be able to pay next sum-
mer for fuel and other articles now being bought
on credit.

The wages in the Edwards mills at Augusta,
the Biddeford mills, and other smaller manufac-
turing towns have been recently advanced, mak-
ing the total increase for the year about ten per
cent. In all of these places careful investigation
shows the increase of living to be not less than
twenty per cent. Many of the mill operatives
have gone into the woods to work this winter at
good pay and reduced cost of living;

Increase in Wages Comes All at Once.

Milwaukee, December 26. — Statistics prepared
by Labor Commissioner J. D. Beck show that
practically all of the increase in wages in Wis-
consin in the past ten years has come within the
past three months, while the increase in the cost
of living has been gradual, or at a rate of a little
under four per cent a year for the past five years.
The increase in wages per man since 1900 has
been, in factories, 18.2 per cent, and for salaried
employees ten per cent. The cost of living has
increased ten per cent in five years.

Big Jump Upward in Maine.

Lewiston, Me. — ^While wages to employees of
the leading industries of the state have been
advanced from five to ten per cent during the
past year, reliable estimates of the increased
cost of living place the increase from fifteen to
twenty-five per cent higher than it was a year
ago. Canned goods, fruits, meats, and provisions
of all kinds, with the possible exception of flour,
have advanced upward of twenty per cent dur-
ing the last twelve months; clothing is from fif-
teen to twenty per cent higher, and all other ne-
cessities ten per cent or more.

Prices High; Wages Not EquaL

Atlanta. — That even in Atlanta, the most pro-
gressive city of the state, the increase in wages
during the past year has not kept count with the
increase in cost of living, is the statement of ex-
perts, while the rest of the state has not fared
so well as has Atlanta. All over the state the
living price has greatly increased. In Atlanta
rent has gone to the skies, and both luxuries and
necessities in food have vastly increased.

Nym McCullough, wholesale merchant, ^ays
that foodstuffs are far more expensive, but thinks
that the increase in cost of living is only slightly
in advance of the increase in wages. Mayor
Woodward declares that the increase in both has
been equal. Jerome Jones, editor of the Journal
of Labor, says that within the last five or six
years wages have increased at the rate of twenty
to thirty-five per cent, but that the starting point

THE PANDEX

203

was unequal, very poor wages being paid before
that time. He says that rent costs at least five
per cent more in Atlanta than in Nashville, and
figures an increase in living in advance of the
increase in return for work done. Everything
costs more.

Costs $1.66 Now for Tood Once Costing $1.00.

St. Louis. — Inquiry as to the increased cost of
living among merchants of all kinds, including
those who fit out the house and supply the table
wants, indicates it costs as much now to feed
three persons as it did to feed five persons five
years ago. In other words, the food that $1
bought five years ago costs $1.66 now.

. Virginia's Increase Pitifully Small.

it may be said that the purchasing power of a
dollar is not so gi-eat to-day as it was the first of
the year, notwithstanding the apparent increase
in the business prosperity of the state and of the
country.

Prices in New York.

Richmond. — The increase in wages in Virginia
in the past twelve months is conservatively esti-
mated at not more than two per cent. In no. case
has there been an increase by any large corpo-
ration or firm in excess of ten per cent. Two
railroads have announced a ten-per-cent raise
this year. One or two large manufacturing con-
cerns have made a similar announcement. The
greater number of railroad employees and fac-
tory workers have received no increase at all. If
the total increase in the few instances mentioned
were apportioned among all the men and women
who work for wages the average increase would
probably not exceed one per cent.

The cost of living, the cereals, dairy products,
vegetables, house rents, and fuel have increased
certainly ten or fifteen per cent in twelve
months. In this city, for instance, milk is re-
tailing at forty per cent increase over the year
before, and wood for fuel has increased nearly
fifty per cent.

Dollar Buys Much Less in Hampshire.

Concord. — According to figures of the State
Labor Commissioner, the only general advance in
wages in the state during the year has been in
the cotton and woolen mills, where the operatives
have been granted an increase of ten per cent.
In other industrial lines wages remain about the
same. Laborers employed in mill and at other
work have benefited by a shortage of supply, and
have thus been able to command an increase
from the $1 per day to $1.75, and in some cases
$2.

Estimates furnished by large retail houses
show that the cost of living has gone beyond any-
thing that has come to the worker in the way of
better wages. In groceries alone, taken as a
whole, a dealer estimates the increase during the
year at eight per cent. In beef and its products
the margin of increase has been small, but in
pork and pork products there has been a heavy
advance.

Farm products are held at a somewhat higher
figure than at the commencement of the year,
but by reason of the drought conditions butter
and eggs are now quoted at figures that put them
beyond the reach of many families. To sum up,

There has been an average rise of twenty per
cent in the price of food, clothing, and building
material in New York during the last year. Flour
is almost the only article of food that has de-
clined. Fresh and salt meats, dairy products,
cotton and woolen goods, lumber, furniture, steel
— all have gone up in price since the first of the
year.

The following table, compiled from data gath-
ered by the Bradstreet Company, shows the
wholesale prices of many leading articles as com-
pared with those of twelve months since. The
advance in the wholesale prices has been less
than that in retail, as a rule. The average retail
advance has been twenty-five per cent:

Commodity. Dec. 1, '06. Dec. 1, '05.

Flour, per barrel $3.40 $3.85

Beef, per pound 09 .08l^

Pork, per pound 09 •071/2

Mutton, per pound IO14 -091/2

Milk, per quart 041/2 .041

Eggs, per dozen 37 .33

Bread, per loaf 04 .04

Pickled beef, per barrel 13.50 11.50

Bacon, per pound 09 .08

Ham, per pound I31/2 -101/2

Lard, per pound 09 .07

Butter, per pound 30 .24

Cheese, per pound 14 -13%

Coffee, per pound O814 .O71/2

Sugar, per pound ,047 .046

Tea, per pound 17 .161/2

Molasses, per gallon 30 .30

Salt, per sack 93 1.00

Potatoes, per barrel _. 1.50 2.50

Apples, per barrel 1.50 2.50

Tanned leather, per lb 38 .38

Raw cotton, per lb 11 2-10 11 6-10

Wool, Australian, per lb 86 .85

Print clothes, per yard 03 9-10 .03 6-10

Gingham, per yard 06% .05%

Pig iron, per ton 26.00 18.87

■Steel beams, per ton 34.00 32.00

Silver, per ounce 69% .65i/g

Copper, per pound 22% .17 6-10

Hard coal 5.00 5.00

Brick, per 1000 5.25 9.00

Window glass, per box 2.42 1.91

Pine lumber, per 1000 ft 32.00 26.00

Timber, per 1000 ft 22.00 20.00

Alcohol, per gallon 2.47 2.51

Wheat and rye are the only cereals that are
cheaper. That was due to the enormous crops
of those grains. Corn, oats, and barley are all
higher priced. Live sheep are a little cheaper.
Horses are $2.50 apiece lower. The wholesale' and
retail prices of bread are the same, although flour
has gone down.

204

THE PANDEX

Alcohol is lower but whisky is higher, due to
increased consumption. The report everywhere
is the same — the consumption of whisky is in-
creasing. Mackerel are $7 a barrel higher. Cod-
fish has gone up $1.50 a barrel. Rice is un-
changed. Dried beans have declined from $3.25 a
bushel to $2.50. Dried peas have declined
slightly. Potatoes are considerably lower. Cran-
berries are lower; peanuts are higher; lemons
are the same as a year ago. The California earth-
quake doubled the price of raisins and raised
dried currants fifty per cent.

Shoes, owing to the increased cost of hides, are
now fifteen to twenty per cent higher than a year
ago.

Ten years ago cotton was worth 7 4-10 cents a
pound. To-day it is worth II14. Although this
is a slight shading down from the price a year
ago, cotton goods, except sheetings, have heavily
advanced, owing to an alleged combine among
the big mills. The same is true of woolen goods.
Wool was worth less than 5 cents a pound in
1906; now it is worth 8 6-10 cents. Though this
is a rise of only a tenth of a cent a pound in the
last year, the retail cost of woolen garments has
risen on an average fifteen per cent within eight-
een months. According to the retailers, the
manufacturers have not only put up the price
all they thought the market could stand, but have
skimped on the size of the garments. Cotton be-
ing now higher than wool, there is less than the
usual amount of adulterating woolen goods with
cotton.

The advance in the price of building materials,
coupled with the general advance in wages in New
York City, has nearly doubled the cost of build-
ing operations in the last five years. Many skilled
laborers can now make $40 to $60 a week nearly
the whole year round. This applies to masons
and structural steel workers especially. Last win-
ter was so open that scarcely a day was lost to
the contractors and their men.

The beef trust has boosted up cottonseed oil
per gallon from 27 to 44 cents. All naval stores
have gone up, including rosin, turpentine, and
tar. Chemicals and drugs are about the same
price now as a year ago. Hops are cheaper, rub-
ber is higher. Tobacco is unchanged. Paper has
gone up. So has hay.

Thirty-six Items Cost Twenty- four Per Cent More.

Philadelphia. — Commercial reports and census
figures now at hand show a general increase in
the state in the cost of food-stuffs amounting to
more than twenty-four per cent upon thirty-six
items of food rated necessities. In Philadelphia
there has been marked increases in house rents,
and a proposition to increase the tax rate from
$1.50 per $100 to $1.65 per $100 promising still
higher rents.

Not Unlikely.

Charley Vaudeville (at the classical concert) —
This music by the old composers may be all
right, in some respects, but it strikes me as be-
ing too reminiscent.

"What!"

"Well, I seem to have heard snatches of it
before, somewhere. ' ' — Puck.

The Wasp Waist Again.

Women, it is reported, are returning to small
waists. There are one or two of our acquaint-
ances who are going to have trouble in getting
back. — Puck.

Good Old Days.

"I can't help longing for the good old days,"
said the engineer.

"The good old days?" repeated the eminent
oflBeial.

"Yes; the time when the work of building
the Panama Canal seemed half completed when
you had drawn a line with a blue pencil across
the map of the isthmus." — -Washington Star.

The Anatomy of Jocosity.

"I say, D'Orsay, have you ever heard that
joke about the guide in Rome who showed some
travelers two skulls of St. Paul, one as a boy
and the other as a man?"

"Aw, deah boy — no — aw, let me heah it." —
Boston Transcript.

When We Are Civilized.

Public servants will devote more time to duty
and less to politics.

Big criminals will be pursued as relentlessly as
little criminals.

There will be truth in trade.

There will be more art and less commercialism.

There will be fewer moral cowards.

There will be greater effort to obey and less
effort to evade laws.

Wealth will be less arrogant.

There will be no favored classes.

Pain will make fewer tyrants.

Men will be as anxious to pay debts as to col-
lect them.

Advantage will not be taken of ignorance.

Man will not fear the truth.

Hypocrisy will be a lost art.

Manhood will take precedence over position.

Men will not submit to wrongs to avoid effort
and trouble.

There will be as much patriotism in time of
peace as in time of war. — H. C. F., in Life.

THE PANDEX

205

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FIFTY- SEVEN
days on the At-
lantic, fifteen days
without eating at a
table, three days sub-
sisting on hardtack and
canned goods because
fires could not be
started in the galleys;
those were some of the
trials of the men who
took the United States

floating drydock Dewey from Newport to
Manila. In addition to these physical discom-
forts, the sailors faced death with their ships
on more than one occasion, and with the excep-
tion of two weeks, the first part of the journey
around the world, the trip from the Chesapeake
Bay to the Canary Islands was spent in a con-
stant struggle with some of the worst storms
that ever ravaged the Atlantic.

One Cleveland man was aboard the convoy,
and he has just returned from Manila after a
trip that lasted ten months. J. C. Tressel of No.
3080 East Sixty-fifth Street enlisted in the navy
two years ago as a third-class electrician. When
the Government decided to send the Dewey to
Manila and undertake a feat the world said was
impossible, Tressel was serving on the auxiliary
ship Glacier as a first-class electrician. The
Glacier was detailed as supply ship to the Dewey
and the tugs Potomac and Caesar, and accom-
panied the dock and the tugs to the Orient.
Seven months were consumed in the trip to
Manila, and the Glacier cruised home by way of
the Suez Canal, stopping at all the important
ports en route.

The newspapers told how panicky the Gov-

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Plain •
Dealer.

ernment grew when the dock had been seven
weeks on the Atlantic without being sighted by
passing craft, and what a sigh of relief went
through the Navy Department when at last a
message came that the convoy had reached Las
Palmas harbor in the Canaries. The relief was
but slight, however, when compared with that
experienced by the oflBcers and men on board the
supply ship and tugs. The forty days of storm
had worn them out. From midnight to the next
midnight, day after day, it was a constant strug-
gle against winds and waves, contrary currents
and accidents the elements caused.

Fight With the Elements.

"For hours at a time, in the worst weather
our ship careened forty-five degrees. For two
weeks it was impossible to eat at a table because
no matter what the precaution, nothing would re-
main where it was put," said Tressel a few days
ago. "Two of the fourteen days the seas ran so
high that it was impossible to put a fire in the
galley stoves, and to cook food was impossible.
Men and oflScers ate when they could from boxes
of hardtack and tins of prepared food. To walk
the deck meant death if no guiding ropes were

206

THE PANDEX

at hand, and even" then it was sometimes neces-
sary to crawl on hands and knees.

"In the midst of the worst weather, the fifteen-
inch cable attached to the dock broke one night
at midnight. The dock could not be located by
the searchlights, and the convoy steamed around
for hours looking for the tow. It was daylight
when we again picked up the dock, and then it
was found thirty miles away. Its immense bulk
had taken the place of sails and the wind carried
it rapidly.

"During the trip across the Atlantic, our
fifteen-inch cables broke five times. It was neces-
sary to stop the ship and pull in the ends for
splicing, and in a rough sea the task was not a
little one. The dock was more than the tugs
could manage, and on occasions it threatened to
destroy us. In one collision the Glacier was so
severely wrenched that a two-days' delay re-
sulted.

Blown to the Equator.

"When we reached Las Palmas, after having
been blown several hundred miles off our course

and running as far south as the equator, we tied
up for supplies and a fresh breath before put-
ting off for the Mediterranean. The Mediter-
ranean is usually quiet enough, but we struck
one of the worst storms there we had experienced.
We got to the Suez and took two days to run
through. At Port Said our captain was warned
not to attempt to run through the Indian Ocean,
as typhoons and hurricanes had been frequent.
We had already lost so much time that the of-
ficers thought we could not wait, so we entered
the Red Sea. There the water was as quiet as a
mill pond, and we only had one stirring experi-
ence in the Indian Ocean. The sea was smooth
and we were making good time, but one after-
noon the lookout discovered three water spouts
running toward us. The call was sounded and
the guns manned, the intention being to shoot
the spouts and break them up before they reached
us. About half a mile away they were exhausted,
and the only difficulty we had with them was a
solid sheet of water that fell about two inches
deep over everything."
— By Rae D. Henkle in Cleveland Plain Dealer.

THE GOLDEN BAIT OF NEVADA.

EXTRAORDINARY THIEVING BY THE MINERS OF TONOPAH

AND GOLDFIELD AND THE RELUCTANCE OF THE

OPERATORS, BEFORE THE LATE STRIKE,

TO ATTEMPT TO CHECK IT.

Goldfield, Nevada, December 18. — If anyone
wants to get a single impression of the real value
of the golden bait that has lured fifteen thou-
sand men to a bleak, barren, windswept, frozen
desert where three years and a half ago there
was nothing but sagebrush and coyotes, let him
consider the fact that at the present moment the
day-wage mine workers employed in the various
Goldfield mines are getting away with precious
ore at the estimated rate of about $150,000 a
month.

In plain words they are stealing that amount
from their employers, and so rich is the property
on which they are working that their thefts are
blandly winked at by the men they daily rob.
To come down to figures again, the theft of gold-
bearing ore at the rate of $2,800,000 a year is
regarded as mere peculation, so vastly greater
is the ore that remains.

This daily stealing on the part of the miners
is called high grading, for the reason that all the
ore stolen is selected in small lumps from the
richest ore in the mines. It is a comparatively
simple matter for a miner who is working in a
rich vein of ore to sneak two or three lumps into
his pocket when the foreman isn't looking, and
when the ore runs its best it takes only two or
three little lumps to make a total of from $15 to
$20 in value.

So general is the practice of high grading
among the mine workers that the mere day's
wage of $5 or $5.50 is scarcely an object. Many
of the mine superintendents have difficulty in
getting the men to come around to sign the pay
roll and get the money at the end of the week.
What are wages with high grading so profitable ?

Little secret is made of this practice. The
owners and superintendents all know about it.

THE PANDEX

207

Some of them even joke the miners about it and
tlie workers laugh about it and discuss it among
themselves quite openly, regardless of who is
about to hear them.

It's "Well, Jack, what did you do to-day,
hey?" and "Oh, just fair, just fair; two or
three nice ones to-day. How did they run fer
you?"

This thieving could be stopped and would be
stoDDed if it were not for the strength of the
miners' union. It could be stopped by having a
dressing room and compelling the mine workers
to change their clothes there on emerging from
the mines at the end of their day's work.

But any attempt to put such a rule in force
would undoubtedly precipitate a strike that
would tie up every mine in Goldfleld. This, the
mine owners think, would cost them so much
more than the miners steal that in the end they
would be the losers. So they shut their eyes
and the daily robbery goes merrily on.

Of course it is only in the richest mines that
high grading can be made to pay and in these
mines the foremen are overrun with applicants
for work, while some of the others can scarcely
get men enough to keep things moving. Most of
the mines are now being operated by lessees.

In the case of the Mohawk, for example, the
lease runs out January 1. Here time is money,
as it seldom is on- this earth and with the ore
coming out at the rate of perhaps $1,600,000 a
month, the lessees are not going to chance stop-
ping the work for a paltry loss of say $25,000
a week. There is some talk that when the leases
expire and the real owners of the mines take
control there will be some organized effort to
stop the high grading, but that it can be done
without a fight with the union is very generally
doubted.

Goldfleld is probably the most optimistic
mining camp that ever existed. Everybody is
booming Goldfleld. Everybody is excited and
hopeful.

There are so many new-made rich in town
that everybody else expects his turn will come.
Of course, it won't come for all of them, but it
is safe to say that the majority of the 15,000
who have rushed to Goldfleld and kept their eyes
open, worked hard and used horse sense have
made money.

A good many have made money out of Gold-
fleld who never saw the town and never will see
it. But a good many more in this class will lose
money through lending a credulous ear to the
sweet songs of promoters and fakers who trade
upon the genuine success of the really valuable
properties to boom enterprises whose sole assets
are a name, a few acres of sterile rock and end-
less adjectives displayed in big type.

That Goldfleld contains some of the most valu-
able mining properties the world has ever seen
can not be doubted, and is so declared by scores
of mining experts who have made impartial in-
vestigation, and most of them say that the ground
has only been scratched as yet. The result of
this sincere and well-informed opinion is visible
in the fact that from October 7 to November 7

the stock market values of the shares of thirteen
Goldfleld companies increased over $30,000,000.
Naturally somebody made a heap of money out
of this phenomenal jump.

In one of the little banks of Goldfleld are
stacked tiers of bags of ore. They look for all
the world like bags of oats.

Late every night, when most places are fast
asleep, but when Goldfleld 's tenderloin is just
beginning to get lively, a two-horse team comes
in from the mines with a new load guarded by
three men who know how to shoot and shoot
straight. Thus the heap grows, tier by tier.

Of course it isn't oats at all, but some of the
richest gold ore the world has ever known. It is
the selected high grade of the richest of the Gold-
field mines, set aside especially for shipment in
one carload. The owners of the mine say that
bv Januarv 1 there will be a carload of it and
that it will be worth $1,000,000. So far as is
known it will be by far the most valuable car-
load of gold-bearing ore ever shipped to the
smelters.

In the first two weeks of October seven leases
on one mine produced gold ore estimated to be
worth $670,000. In the single week ending Oc-
tober 20, Goldfield mines shipped ore worth
$423,000.

Some of the richest ore has been assayed to
run at the stupendous rate of $300,000 a ton.
Of course there is very little of this or gold would
soon be as cheap as tin. One of the Goldfleld
banking houses displays in its window a lump of
ore which, if broken up, would scarcely fill a
peck measure. Yet the assayers appraise it at
$4300.

The Sun correspondent was allowed to inspect
the workings of the Mohawk mine, whose shares
were vainly hawked about a few months ago
at 25 cents and are now selling at anywhere from
$16 to $18. The Mohawk is out on the bare side-
hill of Columbia Mountain, like all the others
in this district.

You put on an old jacket and a cap, take a
candle and get into the huge bucket that swings
at the top of the shaft. Somebody pulls a rope
and down you go, slowly and circumspectly. It's
not exciting. A ride in a Syndicate Building
elevator beats it to death for sensation.

At the bottom of the shaft you find yourself
at the beginning of a crooked tunnel just high
enough to walk in. You light your candle and
follow your guide.

The ore along here, he tells you contemptuous-
ly, is low grade — only about $20 a ton. ■ You
contemplate the soft gray rock on either side of
you and you believe him. If you found it in a
New England pasture you wouldn't give ten
cents a mountain for it.

Presently you hear the sound of picks and
shovels and you come upon a little group of men
digging in the side wall. Here, says your guide,
the ore gets pretty fair — say $100 a ton. You
look at it as closely as you can and you can't
see any difference in it.

You go along a little further and you find
two or three men boring into the rock with dia-

208

THE PANDEX

mond drills run by compressed air. Here, you
are told, is ore mounting to $1000 a ton. Your
guide calls your attention to it and picks at it
with a chisel.

You stare at it dutifully and here and there
you see a shiny dot which, you hear, is almost
free gold. But it isn't free to you, and for all
you can tell it might be mica or tin. Your heart
doesn't beat a single stroke faster.

Dodging a man pushing a handcar full of
steam yachts and Fifth Avenue houses over a
narrow trolley road, you turn another corner and
slide down a dimly lighted gorge between stacks
of heavy timber cribs built up to retain the roof.
Presently you emerge into another level tunnel.

Your guide lifts his candle and traces a nar-
row, triangular vein that somebody has gauged
out for twenty-five or thirty feet. You are told
what the stuff is worth that filled that vein. It
is a stupendous sum.

You wonder why it doesn't excite you. But
it doesn't. All you see is a gouge in a dirty
gray rock.

On you go, slipping and stumbling, your con-
ductor talking the while of stopes and winzes
and tellurides and things till you come to a fore-
man who says that they're going to shoot pretty
soon.

You ask what that is and you find out it's
blasting. Then you remember about a man on
whom the roof fell last week when they fired a
blast in that very mine. You discover that you
are very tired. Moreover, you have to see a man
at some place in Goldfield within the next half
hour.

As you reach the foot of the shaft once more
and gaze anxiously up the 280-foot hole to see
if the bucket isn't coming down, you hear half
a dozen muffled booms that shake the ground
under your feet and the walls and the roof above
your head, and you try to guess how many thou-
sand dollars each blast meant.

Once on the surface again, you find that your
low shoes are full of tiny fragments of rock.
You start to take them off and empty them.
But you don't do it. You reflect that they are
full of money and you craftily resolve to wait
till you get home.

Just outside the shaft is a big heap of broken
stone.

' ' How much gold is there in that pile of ore 1 ' '
you ask.

"About $250,000 worth," says your guide.
"We haven't been able to get cars enough to
haul it away."

' ' Ah ! ' ' you say politely. " That 's a nuisance. ' '

But it doesn't excite you a bit. If you saw a
trainload of it on the railroad somewhere you'd
probably wonder where the macadam road was
going to be built.

Yet that 'S the sort of stuff, taken from that
black, damp, smelly hole you've just left and
, that you're so mighty glad to be out of, that has
already ftiade at least four millionaires. Prob-
ably th* most remarkable of them is George
Wingflilld, and inasmuch as America is in all
probability going to hear a good deal of this

young man and his wealth, it may be as well to
tell what manner of person he is.

George Wingfleld is to-day the most powerful
and notable figure at Goldfield. His present
wealth is variously estimated at from $12,000,-
000 to $15,000,000, with infinite possibilities of
increase.

He has made nearly all of it in the last eight
months. Less than a year ago he was vainly
trying to sell a big block of Mohawk shares at
15 cents. They are worth nearly 200 times that
to-day.

One day about eight years ago a young man
walked into the little bank that George S. Nixon,
now United States Senator from Nevada, was
running in the town of Winnemueca, Nev. Tak-
ing from his finger a diamond ring, he threw it on
the counter, and remarking to the teller:

"Say, pardner, I'm broke and I'd like to get
$75 on that ring."

"You've got into the wrong shop," replied
the teller. "This isn't a pawnshop. We don't
do that kind of business."

It happened that Mr. Nixon himself was be-
hind the counter. Something in the young man 's
manner took his fancy.

Turning to the teller, he instructed him to give
the penniless one the $75 he asked and charge
it to his account. Moreover, he declined to take
the ring.

"How do you know I'll ever pay you?" said
Wingfield, for it was he.

Senator Nixon smiled.

"Oh, I guess I'll take the chance," he said.

They say in Goldfield that George Wingfield
never forgets a friend or forgives an injury.
Certain it is that his liking for Nixon began at
that time and when he made his big strike in
the Mohawk the Senator was the first man he
let in on it.

To-day the firm of Nixon & Wingfield con-
trols not only the Mohawk, but also the $50,000,-
■000 merger of that and four other Goldfield
mines. They are in addition the most powerful
factors in all the Nevada mining fields.

Wingfield is only 29. The son of a Nevada
cattle man, he has in his few years seen a good
deal of the seamy side of life. He has herded
sheep, ridden cattle ranges, prospected and
tended bar. Practically all of his life has been
spent in the wilds of the West, in cattle towns
and mining camps.

When things began to boom in Tonopah a few
years ago Wingfield drifted in and got a job
as faro dealer. He had acquired a little cash
and soon bought an interest in the place.

The game prospered and he put in a roulette
wheel. Other gambling devices followed, and it
wasn't long before Wingfield was $100,000 ahead
of the game.

Then he went in prospecting, and after Harry
Stimler, the Indian, had located the now famous
Sandstorm claim, first of the Goldfield strikes, it
wasn't long before Wingfield located the Mo-
hawk.

Not for three years later did he know whether
he had a mine or a heap of worthless rock. But,

THE PANDEX

209

though he no longer deals the faro game at
Tonopah, he still owns an interest in the place.

Of medium height and build, this young min-
ing king is a singular mixture of attraction and
repulsion. Anybody's first guess would be that
he was shrewd, and he has the quiet deadly readi-
ness, the cold, half furtive, almost fishy, eye of
the professional gambler. He looks like a bad
man to pick up carelessly. And so he is. Gold-
field has had evidence of both his shrewdness
and his courage.

Last September there was a labor fight on
against the Goldfield Sun. People who entered
its office were photographed and their pictures
posted outside the miners' union hall. In fact,
the most active kind of boycott was declared.

One night a crowd of miners were annoying two
newsboys who were selling the boycotted paper.
Hearing the uproar, Wingfield stepped out of his
office. Seizing one of the fleeing boys, he took a
paper from him and gave him a quarter. The
crowd advanced threateningly and at its head
was a huge fellow who made a rush at the mining
man.

Like a flash Wingfield whipped a gun from his
pocket, smashed the big man full in the face with
its butt, and, so quickly that nobody could see
how it was done, and had him covered with a sec-
ond gun produced with miraculous speed from no-
body knew where.

In three seconds there was nobody in the street
but Wingfield. Since then no one in Goldfield
questions what he does.

Yet there is nothing of the braggart or the
bully about him. Only once in a great while
does he seem to remember the wild days of
the past.

Then for twenty-four hours or so Goldfield
makes bibulous holiday at his expense, and if
there's a constant rain of twenty-dollar gold
pieces about his head, why — so much the better
for those who scramble for them; and if 300
men in Tex Rickard's northern saloon are all
drinking champagne together at his expense,
who's to find any fault? Certainly nobody in
Goldfield.

But the next day it's all over. Unassuming,
reserved, almost diffident — the newest, and prob-
ably before long one of the biggest of American
millionaires, goes quietly about his work as if
the world had no such things as roulette wheels
or bubble water or .44 " sawed-offs. "

HOW HARRIMAN DEFEATED HILL.

Chicago, Dec. 18. — The Chronicle to-day
says : Edward H. Harriman has repaid James
J. Hill in his own coin by wresting victory
from him in the shadow of defeat through
one of the most effective coups ever executed
in financial battles. The control of the
Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad,
which Morgan and Hill confidently believed

to be theirs, yesterday morning, is still
lodged with the Harriman-Standard Oil in-
terests and will be strengthened.

As Hill threw Harriman out of ownership of
Northern Pacific in the Christmas season of 1901,
so Harriman ousts Hill from an ownership in St.
Paul this year. Hill executed his flank move-
ment by retiring the preferred stock of Northern
Pacific, in which his opponent's control cen-
tered; Harriman and his friends maintain St.
Paul by issuing two-thirds of a $100,000,000
stock increase to the holders of the preferred.
Hill's Control Only Ashes.

While Hill's control of Northern Pacific com-
mon was a golden apple, his control of St. Paul
is but ashes. For a month there has been a
Titantie struggle for the ownership of St. Paul
in the open market. Quietly and almost unsus-
pected, the Morgan-Hill people have been buying
St. Paul in the hope of getting control and turn-
ing the Pacific Coast extension southward into
the Harriman territory. In the last week this
battle for stock has been acute and a disturbing
feature to Wall Street and the money market.

Much of the old bitterness had been aroused.
The attack of Jacob H. Sehiff upon banks charg-
ing excessive money rates for stock loans was
directed against Morgan institutions. For several
days the Morgan banks were calling loans as the
money was needed to buy St. Paul stock, the
high rates and the calling of loans forcing out
large blocks of this security, keeping down the
price, and, to some extent, deceiving the trained
speculators as to the real purpose.

Yesterday the crucial point was reached.
The Morgan-Hill interests . were within safe
grounds; they could count on enough stock to
swing the management of the road, and they
reached for a god margin over actual control.
To their surprise stocks came from quarters
known to be friendly to St. Paul interests. There
was a hesitation in the purchases, a searching in-
quiry and the information from friends in the
enemy's camp that there would be a coup in the
announcement of a stock issue of $100,000,000,
which was $25,000,000 more than was expected
at this time. Then the contest was given up
and the stock broke and weakened the market.

The official announcement betrayed the cun-
ning of the Harriman forces to make safe their
agreement to make sure the extension of St.
Paul into Hill territory. Of the $99,511,000 new
stock the preferred is $66,327,000, or 135 per
cent of the present issue of $49,654,000. There
is to be $33,184,000 new common, or 40 per cent
of the present issue of $83,183,000.

Subscriptions to this new stock at the rate of
75 per cent of present holdings of preferred and
common are given to shareholders of record
to-morrow (December 19), and the first install-
ment of 10 per cent must be paid Friday, De-
cember 21. In other words, subscribers who own
the stock, or who buy to-day, must exercise their ,
right by 3 o'clock Friday at the place of regis-
tration in New York. All stock not taken at
that time reverts to a syndicate which has been

210

THE PANDEX

formed, and this syndicate consists of friends
of the present management, or of Harriman and
the Rockefellers.

Standard Oil in Evidence.
Owing to the short notice not half the share-
holders outside the warring factious will be able
to avail themselves of the opportunity to sub-
scribe. It is reported that the Morgan-Hill in-
terests hold $48,000,000 of the common stock,
which would give them the privilege of taking

$33,750,000 of the $99,511,000 new securities and
make their total holdings $78,750,000.

The Standard Oil men own $30,000,000 of the
preferred issue and $30,000,000 of the common.
Their proportion of the new stock would increase
their holdings to $95,000,000. Through the short
notice they will profit by securing $25,000,000
more of the new stock, which would give them
$120,000,000, or a clear majbrity of the $230,-
348,000 of stock, as increased.

Song of the Wild Chauffeur.

I want to go out in my automobile.

My automobubblety-bobblety-bubble.

And rattle and roar till I run against trouble;

I want to cut loose with the Gabriel tooter,

To skip and to scamper about with my scooter,

My howler, my yeller, my shrieker, my hooter.

My automobubblety-bobblety-babble.

That roars at the rubbering rig of thejabble.

My triple expansion and forty-horse double,

My automobubblety-bobblety-bubble,

With honkety-honkety, honkety-bing !

And tootlety-tootlety-tootlety-spring!

My automobipper —

My automozipper —

Ker-smash I

I want to whop out and go whirling and whizzing
And scooting and tooting and fizzing and sizzing
And flipping and flashing and fussing and flying
And gliding and sliding and shooting and shying;
I want to go tilting around every corner,
A-honking and honking my Gabriel warner;
I want to scare dogs till they s^eem to have rabies ;
I want to bewilder nursemaids with their babies;
I want to whir past the old men with their

crutches ;
And call back their youth with my hair-raising

touches ;
I want to go puffing and panting, pell-melling

And coughing and crying and screaming and yell-
ing

By street and by store and by doorway and dwell-
ing;

To ride in my automobubblety-bebble.

Surrounded by dust and by smoke and by
pebble —

My automorammer —

My automoslammer —

Ker-smash I

I want to wind up with a tire on my collar.
To face a repair bill that takes my last dollar ;
I want to go smash in the smashest of smashes —
The end of the worst of all death-daring dashes;
To fly in the air and come down in the stubble,
Commingled with all of my automobubble.
Mixed up and mixed in and securely entangled,
With all the machinery hopelessly mangled,
The Gabriel horn in a twist beyond tooting,
The wheels past all chances of skidding or scoot-
ing.
Oh, let me go out in my automobobble.
My automobubblety-wibblety-wobble.
My honkety-honkety-honkety-bang !
And sizzlety-fizzlety-whizzlety-whang !
My automobipper —

My automozipper- -

Ker-smash !
— San Francisco Trade Journal.

THE PANDEX

211

Aftermath of a Sensation

"THE ANIMATED FEATHER DUSTER."
-New York World.

REALIZING THE MEANING OF SEC. ROOT'S SPEECH, STATE LEGIS-
LATORS APPROACH THE PROBLEMS OF GOVERNMENT WITH
A NEW ENERGY AND DETERMINATION. -MATCHING
THEMSELVES AGAINST THE NATIONAL
LEGISLATORS.

THE first sensation caused by newspaper
reports of Secretary Root's speech had
scarcely spent itself when it became evident
that the thing said by the President's con-
fidant was not a challenge of the rights and
powers of the States, but an intimation of
the great necessity that confronts them, as
it does the Federal Government, of broaden-
ing and strengthening their laws and ad-
ministrations if they are to grow in accord-
ance with the growth of the problems with
which they have to deal. So interpreted, the
address deprived the administration's op-
ponents of much of their political thunder,
and cleared the atmosphere to such an ex-
tent that the various States could the more

intelligently face the Secretary's criticism
and shape themselves' either for improve-
ment or for reaction.

DEMOCRATS SEE A LIVE ISSUE

Believe Opportunity is Afforded to Make Capital
by State Eights Cry.

Naturally enough the Democrats-, who have

gradually been depleted of their most vital

issues thru the radical policies of President

Roosevelt, grasped at the possibilities that

lay in a State Rights campaign. Said the

Chicago Inter-Ocean :

AVashington, D. C.^No annoimcement coming
from President Roosevelt's administration has
created a deeper stir than the 'centralization'

212

THE PANDEX

speech made by Secretary Root at New York a
few days ago. In coming out flatly for the
broadening of the federal powers the long-smoul-
dering opposition of Congress to President Roose-
velt has been kindled into active revolt.

In sending Mr. Root to New York to proclaim
publicly what nearly every member of Congress
has charged for a long time, the President has
crystallized the issue that is at the bottom of the
real conflict between the Senate and the House
on one side and President Roosevelt with all the
prestige of his great office on the other.

At last the Republican leaders, who have not
sympathized with many of the policies inaugu-
rated by the President, believe they have an issue
on which they can get a rational hearing before
the people of the country. They have' been much
in the same position as the Democrats who have
been without an issue ever since Mr. Roosevelt's
election.

The Democratic leaders in Congress have
eagerly grasped the opportunity presented by
Mr. Root's presentation of the President's posi-
tion as at last giving them an issue on which to
go before the country. With them it is a rever-
sion to. an old cry, that of states ' rights, but for
all its antiquity, it is being hailed from their
viewpoint as a saving gift from the enemy that
may go a long way toward rehabilitating the
Democratic party.

In their calculations the Democrats foresee a
split in the Republican party along these lines,
and they hope to get a lot of recruits from that
section of the Republican party that believes the
limitations of the federal power and that of the
states as laid down in the constitution should be
left as they are.

BOOT EXPLAINS TALK

Denies Assaulting Constitution and Defending
Doctrine of Absolutism.

Secretary Root's own explanation of his
Philadelphia utterances was given as follows
in the Record-Herald:

Washington. — A speech made by Secretary
Root at the annual dinner of the Pennsylvania
Society in New York has created an almost uni-
versal sensation throughout the country and has
been favorably or unfavorably commented upon
by almost every newspaper.

Secretary Root said in reply to a question: "Of
course, I am surprised at the outcry.

"It was not a constitutional speech. I dis-
cussed no questions of constitutional law or con-
stitutional rights; I certainly did not 'rip the
constitution up the back,' as has been asserted.
It was a historical review followed by certain in-
ferences as to what will be the future of the
United States under our dual form of constitu-
tional government. I described the changed con-
ditions since the writing of our constitution to
which the provisions of that document have to be
applied, and the causes of those changes :

"1. The growth of national sentiment, which

is due to the intermingling of the people and our
material development.

"2. People of distant communities are more
intimately acquainted to-day than those of ad-
joining communities were in the days of the
fathers, and have become knit together by bonds
of mutual interest and social connections.

"3. The practical obliteration of state lines
in travel and communication arising from the ex-
tension of railroads, mail facilities, telegraph and
telephone wires.

"All these causes have resulted in a change of
habits of thought, in a rearrangement of busi-
ness methods and social customs, as distinct a
the departure from the post-chaise and stage-
coach period to the limited express and the auto-
mobile. Our producers no longer provide food
and clothing for their own neighborhood, but for
consumers thousands of miles away. The manu-
facturer no longer sells his wares to the people
of the town in which they are made, but ships
them to centers of trade, sometimes thousands of
miles away. Some of our merchants have cus-
tomers in forty states; when we get up in the
morning we dress ourselves in clothing that was
manufactured in distant places and eat for break-
fast food which came many miles.

"The process that interweaves the life and
action of the people in every section of our coun-
try with the people in every other section con-
tinues and will continue with increasing force
and effect. We are forging forward in develop-
ment of business and social life that tends more
and more to the obliteration of state lines and
the decrease of state power as compared with
national power. The relations of the business
over which the Federal Government is assuming
control; of interstate transportation, with state
transportation, of interstate commerce with state
commerce, are so intimate, and the separation of
the two is so impracticable, that the tendency is
plainly toward the practical control of the na-
tional government over both."

CHICAGO TO LEAD WORLD

Beginning of End of Chicago Traction Horrors
Dawns With Use of Through Boutes.

Of the many local committees which are
doing their best not to deserve the name of
being reactionary, none have been more pro-
gressive than Chicago. One phase of this
city's efforts is reflected in the following
from the Chicago Tribune :

By all odds the most interesting phase of the
settlement to the public is the prospect of a brand
new street-car service, promised to be the best
in the world, which will gradually evolve itself in
the next three years. From $40,000,000 to $50,-
000,000 will be spent on this rehabilitation under
the direction of a joint board of engineers. The
work is to begin as soon as the ordinances are

THE PANDEX

213

^tuOaSi

ANYTHING TO MAKE HER PRESENTABLE.

Democrats here, who are somewhat at sea for an issue, are thinking of taking up Secretary
Root's speech on state rights. — Washington Dispatch.

— Chicago Inter-Ocean.

214

THE PANDEX

passed by the Council and accepted by the com-
panies.

Whatever flaws critics may pick in the general
scheme of the proposed franchises, it is conceded
on every hand that the outlook for Chicago's
long-suflfering traveling public could not be
brighter. The transformation of the street-car
service has been plannec^ on broad and compre-
hensive lines and with an attention to detail that
is amazing.

Under the plans of the rehabilitation work on
the improvements is to be completed within three
years. Through routes from one end of the city
to another will be established at once, universal
transfers will be exchanged, and new cars are to
be added as rapidly as possible, so that at least
two thousand up-to-date vehicles will be in ser-
vice at the close of the rehabilitation period.

Real comfort is to supplant the disagreeable
conditions now obtaining in most of the dilapi-
dated, ill-cared-for street cars in all parts of the
city.

The cars are to be an improvement in many re-
spects even on the best type now in operation on
the Indiana Avenue line. They are to be of the
big-vestibuled, double-trucked variety, with cen-
ter aisles and cross seats facing forward. The
style and finish, exterior and interior, are to be
of the most approved design, as detennined by
the board of engineers.

Every car, it is provided, shall be large enough
to comfortably seat from forty to fifty persons.
An ordinance prohibiting the crowding of a car
with more than seventy-five persons will be
passed by the City Council. The maintenance of
the ears in a strictly clean condition will be en-
forced, the ordinance providing for a reconstruc-
tion of the present ear barns so as to permit of
the installation of a thorough cleansing equip-
ment.

The promise is held out that there will be no
more cold cars in Chicago. The companies obli-
gate themselves to heat the ears by electricity or
hot water, and to maintain a temperature of fifty
degrees in the winter.

Outside the cars signs, illuminated at night, on
the sides and ends will describe the route and
destination. Inside the cars the route will also
be designated. Push buttons at every seat will
make it possible for passengers to signal for a
stop without hunting up the conductor.

MAY AMEND CRIME LAWS

Many Illinois Attorneys Want Statutes Modi-
fied.

Still another phase of Chicago and Illinois
progressiveness is shown in the following
from the Chicago Inter-Ocean :

The right of the state to appeal in cases where
a prisoner is released on a writ of habeas corpus,
permission under the law for the state to amend
in criminal cases indictments or information in
which formal defects are discovered, a provision

enabling the state to appeal from final judgment
in motions to quash indictments, and fewer per-
emptory challenges of veniremen, were some of
the recommendations made at the meeting of the
Legislative Committee of the Illinois State's At-
torneys' Association, held recently in the office
of State's Attorney John J. Healy.

All of the recommendations will be drawn up
in the form of bills and will be presented to the
Legislature for passage when it meets.

SLOT-MACHINES-TAX BILL

St. Louis Assesses Telephone Devices as Well as
Merchandise Sellers.

In Missouri, where Governor Folk has been
making notable success in his fight to en-
force existing statutes, the following further
development of the anti-gambling fight is
given by the St. Louis Republic :

The bill putting a tax on all slot machines used
in the city, which has had a stormy career since
its introduction into the House of Delegates, was
passed last night against the opposition of Dele-
gate Coale, of the Twenty-eighth Ward, who
wished to make an amendment exempting tele-
phone slot machines. Speaker O'Brien ruled
against him.

All slot machines containing merchandise, mov-
ing pictures or scenes, and all machines for the
collection of money for services, or for telephone
or telegraph devices, are taxed $2 per year under
the ordinance. A fine of from $5 to $2,5 is made
the penalty for each violation of the measure.

SOME PROPOSALS IN COLORADO

Principal Planks in the Party Which Controls the
State Legislature.

In the mountain state of Colorado where,
as previously stated, a preacher-governor
has recently been installed, the following
are some of the respects in which better
legislation was promised on the platform on
which the Reverend Buchtel was elected:

We recommend the enactment of a law govern-
ing the railway commerce of the state along the
lines of the national rate law, and the establisli-
ment of a railway commission elected by the peo-
ple for the enforcement of the same.

We favor a measure which will provide for the
expression by the people of their preference for
candidates for the United States Senate.

We recommend the enactment by the Legisla-
ture of an anti-trust law which will prohibit com-
binations in restraint of trade, and we would sug-
gest for the consideration of the Legislature the
provisions of the Ohio anti-trust law, which has
recently been sustained by the courts.

The practice of permitting lobbyists to haunt
the State Capitol and the legislative halls is un-

THE PANDEX

215

dignified and vicious, and the next Legislature trust companies, and loau associations may be

should enact such measures as will do away with frequently examined, and the result of such ex-

this pernicious custom. Our present insurance amination published, giving the condition of such

laws are crude, conflicting, and incomplete, and offices or institutions and the business methods

we pledge our party to revise them along con- employed therein.

CONTINUOUS!

-St. Louis Republic.

servative and progressive lines, to the end that
greater protection may be afforded the public.

We recommend the enactment of a law which
will provide a uniform system of accounting for
public offices and the creation of a state examiner,
under whose direction all public offices handling
public funds, and all state banks, savings banks.

REFORMS STRONG IN WEST

Legislatures of Many States to Enact Measures
Making Changes.

The following somewhat comprehensive
survey of the general state legislative out-

216

THE PANDEX

look in the West was given by the St. Louis
Republic :

Chicago, 111. — Legislatures of the western states
are preparing for the hardest fight they have ever
made for the "square deal."

Advance information from the various state
capitals indicates that more vital legislation for
reform of public abuses will be enacted this year
than during any previous year in the history of
the West. There promises to be more spectacular
battles on the floors of state assemblies than ever
before. The year 1907 is to be the beginning of
a new epoch in curbing the rapacious, and in eon-
serving the welfare and rights of the everyday
citizen.

The steam railways and insurance companies
are to be the main targets for reform and reme-
dial laws. Bills offered for enactment will range
from the timidly conservative to the limit of radi-
calism, with prospects that several states will
take advanced ground and establish novel prece-
dents.

Governors to Wage War.

Governors, in most instances, will make the
declarations of war in their messages, but battle
cries will come, as well, from legislators and from
administrative department chiefs.

Aroused by fuel famines and the inability to
foi-ward grain, live stock, and other commodities
to market, the legislatures of a dozen states will
assail the railroads on the car-shortage problem.
State railroad commissions will be clothed with
greater power to deal with this evil, or remedial
laws will be enacted dealing directly with the
problem. Of the many measures proposed, that
for a reciprocal demurrage change is the main
reliance of lawmakers.

Bills covering railroad regulation will be many
and diverse. Several states will create railroad
commissions with broad jurisdiction in dealing
with rates and service. Existing commissions in
other states are to have their hands strengthened,
that they may successfully handle new problems
that have arisen in transportation affairs.

Two-cent Fare Coming.

There is a wide-reaching demand for a two-cent
passenger rate, for an anti-pass law as broad as
the recent act of Congress, and for a heavier
taxation of railroad properties. Around these
proposals some hot fights will revolve.

Four state legislatures are pledged to enact a
broad primary-election law, covering Congres-
sional, state, and county ofl5cials. Political lead-
ers are rounding up their forces to antagonize
these measures, and there will be hot fights. The
governors of several states will emphasize in their
messages the crying need of nominating candi-
dates by popular vote, instead of by snap con-
ventions.

Bills regulating insurance promise to be as
plentiful as those relating to railroads. Valued
policies, curbing of premiums, distribution of
accumulations, adjustment of table rates for the
better protection of the insured, and require-

ments regarding investments of earnings are
some matters to be considered.

Bills relating to taxation will be dictated by
local needs in the various states, but most of
them will be aimed at railroads and other corpo-
rations.

Texas must revise her system to get revenue to
meet a $4,000,000 deficiency which is imminent.
She pi-oposes getting a big percentage of it from
the railroads. Wisconsin has similar aspirations.

The Stensland and other bank failures have
called forth new efforts to protect depositors in
state and private banks. Illinois will enact more
rigid regulatory laws, and Kansas talks of re-
quiring all banks over which it has jurisdiction,
to deposit sufficient security with the state treas-
urer to protect all depositors. Governor Hoch
will advocate such a measure in his message.

HAS A NEW ANTI-TIPPING BILL

Member of Missouri Legislature Introduced
Measure to Check the "Nuisance."

Another incident of legislation in the West
is the following, as reflected in the St. Louis
Republic :

Jefferson City, Mo.— Doctor Alonzo Tubbs, of
Gasconade County, reached the city with
a new anti-tipping bill in his pocket, which
he will introduce in the House soon after organ-
ization.

"This measure will catch 'em coming and
going," said the doctor. "The bill I introduced
two years ago imposed a fine upon the propri-
etor of a place who permitted his employees to
solicit or accept a tip. That measure was not
broad enough in its scope. My new bill covers
the greund completely, so far as the tipping evil
goes.

"I propose to place a penalty not only on tht'
man who permits his employees to solicit or
receive tips, but also on the employee who ac-
cepts a tip, and the one who offers it. The pen-
alty will bfc a fine, the exact size of which I have
not determined, but not less than $5."

BIG YEAR FOR LEGISLATURES

Anti-Pass and Two-Cent Measures in Eight
Western States.

Chicago.— The Chicago Record-Herald says:
A mighty din from legislative forces will begin
to echo throughout the West early in January,
when general assemblies convene and lawmakers
take up the sledges to hammer out reform enact-
ments. Few states are without live issues of a
varied and sweeping character, and the year
1907 promises to be prolific in new laws more
or less drastic.

Railroad reforms stand foremost among the
questions that confront the legislators. The
movement in favor of rigid restriction is general
in its scope and the anvils will ring with the
beating out of statutes that range from anti-pass
measures to acts establishing a two-cent fare,

THE PANDEX

217

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218

THE PANDEX

the latter foiining the chief issue in at least
eight Western states.

Corporations in general are in for treatment
more or less severe, agitation being on for new
banking laws that will protect depositors more
adequately, for new insurance laws that will
bring fire and life companies more directly under
the supervision of state commissions and for
new taxing schemes.

Changes in the political system are up for
action in several commonwealths, four of which
are pledged to follow the lead of Illinois and
Wisconsin in the enactment of a law that will
give direct primaries, and that will give the elec-
tors a chance to scalp party bosses and stifle
ring rulfc'.

The liquor traffic, too, will be an important
part of the year's reforms. In five states local
option laws are to be presented.

"STATE RIGHTS" GO TO COURT

President Seeks a Final Test of Constitutionality
of Employers' Liability Law.

As might have been expected, the mis-
understanding of Secretary Root's speech
created much ill-feeling, leading in one or
two instances to such unfortunate conse-
quences as are reflected in the following
from the New York Herald :

Washington, D. C. — In accordance with orders
from President Roosevelt, Attorney General
Bonaparte will move to obtain from the Supreme
Court of the United States an interpretation of
the constitutionality of the Employers'
Liability Law. The decisions just ren-
dered by Federal Judges Evans in the
Western District of Kentucky and McCall in the
Western District of Tennessee, declaring the law
unconstitutional, are severe blows to the ad-
ministration. President Roosevelt threw the
whole weight of his influence behind the liability
bill and helped its passage last June.

Moreover Judge Evans expressed views which
were the very antithesis of the argument recently
made by Secretary of State Root in favor of
extension of the federal powers. Judge Evans
is now known throughout the country as a
"States' Rights" judge. Officials at the Depart-
ment of .Tustice accept his decision against the
Employers' Liability Act as a reflection of sen-
timent in Kentucky and Tennessee. For this
reason the appeal of the cases to the Supreme
Court will afford the first legal test of the radi-
cal legislation which President Roosevelt has
obtained from Congress at the last session.

HUGHES BLAMES LAWS FOR EVILS

Governor of New York Says Complacent In-
activity Is Without Excuse.

Of the many states which are confronted
by legislative and administrative difficulties.

none has so much to contemplate as the Em-
pire State. The ensuing article from the
Philadelphia North American shows what
may be expected from the newlj' inaugur-
ated Governor Hughes:

Albany, N. Y. — Charles Evans Hughes, in his
inaugural address on assuming office as Governor
of the State of New York, declared that many
of the evils of which the people complain have
their sources in privileges, carelessly granted,
that permit private aggrandizement at the ex-
pense of the public.

He added that when the power thus derived
from the State is turned against the State there
is urgent need for the State to enforce the com-
mon law.

After complimenting his predecessor in office,
he addressed himself to his "fellow-citizens,"
saying, in part :

"We have reason to congratulate ourselves
that coincident with our prosperity, there is an
emphatic assertion of popular rights and a keen
resentment of public wrongs. There is no
panacea in executive or legislative action for all
the ills of society which spring from the frailties
and defects of the human nature of its mem-
bers. But this furnishes no excuse for compla-
cent inactivity and no reason for the toleration
of wrongs made possible by defective or by ad-
ministrative partiality or inefficiency.

"Whether or not we have laws enough, we cer-
tainly have enough of ill-considered legislation,
and the question is not as to the quantity, but
as to the quality of our present and of our pro-
posed enactments.

"Slowly but surely the people have naVrowed
the opportunities for selfish aggression, and the
demand of this hour, and of all hours, is not
allegiance to phra.ses, but sympathy with every
aspiration for the betterment of conditions and a
sincere and patient effort to understand every
need and to ascertain, in the light of experience,
the means best adapted to meet it. It is the
capacity for such close examination, without
heat or disqualifying prejudice, which dis-
tinguishes the eonsti'uctive effort from vain en-
deavors to change human nature by changing
the forms of government.

"It must be recognized that many of the evils
of which . we complain have their source in the
law itself, in privileges carelessly granted, in
opportunities for private aggrandizement at the
expense of the people recklessly created, in fail-
ure to safeguard our public interests by pro-
viding means for just regulation of those enter-
prises which depend upon the use of public
franchises.

"Wherever the law gives unjust advantage,
wherever it fails by suitable prohibition or regu-
lation to protect the interests of the people,
wherever the jjower derived from the State is
turned against the State, there is not only room
but urgent necessity for the assertion of the au-
thority of the State to enforce the common law."

THE PANDEX

219

TEXAS CAR SHORTAGE REMEDY

A Threat to Put Roads in Receivers' Hands if
Relief Is Not Forthcoming.

One of the most progressive of the States
in the matter of railroad and trust legisla-
tion is Texas. But Texas has .struck a snag.
Said the Kansas City Times :

Austin, Texas. — In a letter to W. C. Preston,
general freig:ht agent of the St. Louis & San
Francisco's Texas lines, one of the State Rail-
road Commissioners stated that if the railroads
of the State do not relieve the car shortage with-
in a reasonable time the Commission would
put several of the roads in the hands of a re-
ceiver and let the courts run them for a while.

He says that Commissioner Allison Mayfleld al-
ready has made motions to put several roads in
the hands of receivers and that he will vote for
the motions unless the situation is remedied
without delay.

OHIO LIQUOR LAW TO STAND

Increased Tax on Saloons Is Sustained by the
Superior Court.

In the last election, Ohio's deciding factor
was the prohibition vote. The following from
the Chicago Record-Herald shows the status
of liquor legislation in that State :

Cincinnati. — The validity of the Aikin law,
which raised saloon licenses from $300 to $1000
a year, has been sustained by the Superior
Court. On the fate of this case depended an
extra session of the Legislature to act on scores
of other new laws, as the main point of the op-
position was the claim that the late Governor
Pattison was not in a condition of health to
know the contents of bills when he signed them.
The saloon men will take the case to the Su-
preme Court.

SQUARE DEAL IN PENNSYLVANIA

New Legislature Opens With Pledges That
Promise Decent Administration.

None of the commonwealths has been more

open to the charge of legislative corruption

than Pennsylvania, but if one is to judge

, from the following from the Philadelphia

North American, a new regime is impending :

Harrisburg. — With formalities, both necessary
and ornamental, measuring nearly, if not quite,
up to the standard to be expected of a body
housed amid the splendors of Architect Huston's
$13,000,000 art, the Pennsylvania Legislature
put itself in working order.

While the Senate is well under Republican

organization control, though savored with more
good intent than in the past, the new House,
composed in greater part of new members, is
regarded as a body with which it will not be
safe for any political combination to take lib-
erties.

Speaker McClain knows this, and the organi-
zation leaders are studying just how much party
influence they can bring to bear without cross-
ing the danger line. .

Woods and McClain were elected on strict
party votes in the respective houses. The for-
mer was seated by 38 to 10 over Senator Web-
ster Grim, Democrat, caucus nominee, and the
latter by 157 to 50 over Representative John M.
riynn, of Elk. The Lincoln Republicans voted
with the regulars.

Speaker McClain 's speech, containing re-
newed promises of a 'square deal' from the
chair, was well suited to the ticklish humor of
the House. In part, he said :

"I want your confidence and co-operation, and
I am going to give you mine. I want to give it
to you, regardless of party or faction or pres-
ent or past political affiliations. The Speaker's
room will have no lock on the door, and the
Speaker's ear will be closed to none. Therefore,
let us be frank with each other, and at the same
time frank with the people of Pennsylvania.

"Speaking figuratively, and in language which
I think most of us understand, let me say:
'Play this game of legislation with hands above
the hoard, and no dealing from under the table. '

"There are certain kinds of legislation that
have been long demanded by the people, and,
permit me to add, in my humble judgment, too
long denied. Let us not be restrained by either
corporate or political influence from putting
such legislation on the statute books before we
adjourn. ' '

SOVEREIGN STATE NOT A NATION

Solicitor-General Hoyt in Supreme Court Argues
for Federal Authority.

Another phase of the conflict between
Federal and State authority is given in the
following from the New York World :

Washington. — In explaining to the Supreme
Court the Government's attitude in the suit of
Kansas to compel Colorado to submit to a
division of the waters of the Arkansas River
for irrigation purposes, Solicitor-General Hoyt
made an argument in support of national inter-
ference in State matters.

"The extreme Colorado claim based upon her
sovereignty and constitution must fall," he said,
"because she is a sovereign State and not a sov-
ereign nation. In the last analysis, the claim
means the right to make war, which was sur-
rendered by the States along with the power of
compact. The very fact that the controversy
is justifiable in this court is proof that a State

220

THE PANDEX

has no such absolute right to do what she pleases
with what she conceives to be her own."

He contended that where there is, as in this
ease, a conflict of authority, the National Gov-
ernment should compose the differences. True,
there is no Federal police power, but if there is
no Federal power there is no power at all.

"There is a sovereign power in the Nation
here not enumerated but not denied, and not
reserved to the States, because from its very
nature it could not be. Some power at this point
is essential. If it does not exist we are in a
vise — both the States and the Nation powerless
at the very point where competent power is most
essential. In the nature of things the States
can not have this power, being the power to
effectuate or restrain the State power when by
its necessary effect it passes beyond its own
borders. ' '

MANITOBA FOR PUBLIC TELEPHONES

Canadian Province Won't Stand Poor Service
and High Rates.

That elsevphere than in the- United States
portion of the Western world there is pres-
sure to escape the power of monopolies may
be gathered from the following from the
Philadelphia North American :

Winnipeg, Manitoba. — By a sweeping ma-
jority the electors of Manitoba have declared in
favor of government owned long distance tele-
phone lines, with municipal control of local ex-
changes.

Within a year lines are expected to be work-
ing which will cut the Bell rates completely in
two and in many cases make a still greater re-
duction.

Commencing at Winnipeg the new lines will
go south to connect with the Tri-State system at
the boundary and west to Portage la Prairie and
Brandon, northwest by way of Neepawa and
southwest to points in Southern Manitoba.

For years the people, of the province have
been in the grip of one telephone company. A
poor service and high rates have been the chief
grievances alleged against the monopoly. With
the notable exception of Portage la Prairie the
larger centers have declared unmistakably in
favor of public ownership. Though small isolated
communities have failed to make themselves
eligible for a municipal telephone system, the
province, as a whole, has strongly indorsed the
government's policy. Nearly 65 per cent of the
total vote is in favor of the public ownership.

R. P. Roblin, Premier of Manitoba, when asked
what the government 's plans were, said :
■ "I have instructed the Provincial Public
Works Department to at once secure sufficient
material for the building of 1000 miles of line
as early as possible in the spring.

"Next summer we will build at least 1000
miles of line, and more, if possible. We shall
start work as soon as the frost is out of the
ground. ' '

"What about municipal exchanges in the
towns?"

"They can only be constructed when a suf-
ficient number of subscribers have been received
to justify the installation of the system. In
other words, neither the government nor the
municipalities will proceed with the work until
every possible financial safeguard has been
taken.

"Before this time next year we expect to have
lines working for which we will charge 25 cents
for a three-minute conversation over a 100-mile
wire. The Bell rates will be completely cut in
two in every case, and in many instances the re-
duction will be much greater."

OWE CITY ENORMOUS DEBT

New York Street Car Lines Have Found
Municipality an 'Easy' Creditor.

Taxation, of course, is one of the gravest
difficulties with which states from now on
will have to do. Said the New York World
concerning one phase of this subject :

The street railway companies owe New York
City $23,875,293.79.

These figures, tabulated from the city's books
in a half dozen departments, where they have
been accumulating since 1886, tell for the first
time the full story of the street railways' in-
debtedness to the city.

If the coming Legislature investigates street
railroads, as is suggested, these figures may be
inquired into, together with the reasons for their
being overlooked by city officials.

Not even an effort has been made by the city's
employees to keep a complete record of the sums
these companies owe. The accounts are in half
a dozen departments. The accounts for over-
due taxes are kept in the Tax Arrears Depart-
ment, those for street repaving and repairs in the
Borough Presidents' offices, those for percent-
ages on gross receipts in the City Revenue Bu-
reau, and claims on which suits have been
brought in the Corporation Counsel's ofiice. No
attempt has ever been made to assemble all these
accounts.

Only with the greatest difficulty were the
figures got together from the various sources,
where, covered with dust or hopelessly tangled,
they have been lying for years.

A fair example of the way these records are
kept is furnished by the experience of Corpora-
tion Counsel Ellison, who, on taking office three
months ago, found the papers relating to street
railroad claims dumped in a big heap in a cor-
ner of a room.

FIGHT ON MUNICIPAL PLANT

Contest Between City and Private Telephone
Companies in Richmond, Ind.

As the contention for and against public
ownership gave promise to develop into con-

THE PANDEX

221

H
M

f
O

!z!
W

s:
1-1

222

THE PANDEX

stantly greater magnitude, the following two
items, one from the St. Louis Republic, and
the other from the Chicago Record-Herald,
have significance:

Richmond, Ind. — There are two interesting in-
dustrial contests on in this city. One is be-
tween the Bell and Independent telephone in-
terests, and the other is between the Municipal
Lighting and Power Plant and the Light, Heat
and Power Company, a private concern that for-
merly had the contract for lighting the streets.

The city's plant, which now i-epresents an in-
vestment of $235,000, is having a hard row to
hoe as it finds itself unable to keep its prices for
commercial business as low as the private com-
pany puts them.

The private company would like to buy the
city plant, it is understood, having made one
offer for it, and urges as an argument that it has
been fully demonstrated that private plants can
furnish light cheaper than the municipal plants.

The city is just completing a $30,000 addition
to its plant, and the private company is rebuild-
ing, so that it appears a tug of war is coming
in this field. The municipal authorities are de-
termined to make a success of the city's plant,
if possible, notwithstanding the many handicaps
that a plant of this kind is necessarily under.

It is expected that another offer for the city's
investment will be made and a liberal contract
offered by the private interests, but it is not be-
lieved it will be considered.

In the telephone field the struggle is a bitter
one and apparently it is to be a case of survival
of the fittest. The Home Company is erecting
a handsome exchange building and placing its
wires under ground and the Bell Company is
reconstructing its system and getting ready for
increased busine.ss. At the present time the
Home Company has the bulk of the local busi-
ness. It will install an automatic system.

BRYAN'S REPLY TO ROOT

MUNICIPAL PLANT A SUCCESS

Kenosha Water Works Report Shows Profit of
$26,000 for Year.

Kenosha, Wis. — The success of the Kenosha
municipal water plant was shown by the filing
of the annual report recently. The report shows
a net profit to the city for the year just closed
of $26,311. Added to this it is shown that
the company has retired bonds during the year
to the amount of $5000 and has spent moi'e than
$17,000 in extensions.

The company was formed ten years ago and
at that time the bonded indebtedness was $137,-
000. In the ten years $50,000 of this has been
paid and the directors of the company claim
that the remaining debt will be liquidated as
fast as the bonds come due. Water is sup-
plied at the rate of 12 cents per 1000 gallons.

He Makes Emphatic Protest Against Centraliza-
tion.

Lincoln, Neb. — W. J. Bryan, commenting on
Secretary Root's recent speech, enters emphatic
protest to the declaration of centralization
which, he says, Mr. Root indorsed. Mr. Bryan
says in part :

"He seems to rest his argument upon the old
idea of destiny — the refuge of the man who
wants to do a thing which he can not defend.

"The division of the powers of government
was founded upon the doctrine of self-govern-
ment and the preservation of the Nation depends
upon the careful observance of the limitations
between the things that are local and the things
that are National.

"If Secretary Root has in mind the Japanese
question as it presents itself in California he
will find the American people unwilling to turn
the school system over to the Federal Govern-
ment merely to please a foreign nation, however
friendly.

"However, if he has in mind the elimination
of the trusts, he will find it necessary to deprive
the States of present powers to make Congres-
sional action effective." — New York Times.

EUROPE ON STATES' RIGHTS FIGHT

Prominent Publicists Consider San Francisco In-
cident as Anachronism.

The question of States' rights in the United
States is occupying the attention of prominent
European publicists, stress being laid upon the
San Francisco school incident.

European observers regard the present form
of the American Constitution as an anachronism.
The Spectator in a long leader, under the head-
ing, "The Coming Struggle in the United
States," says:

"The incident is the beginning of the strug-
gle of a nation entering into self-conscious life
to free itself from the fetters of particularism
which a constitution more than a century old
has riveted upon it. Splendid instrument of
government as is the United States Constitu-
tion from many points of view, it has certain
very serious demerits.

"It was framed to provide safeguards against
dangers which have long since disappeared and to
encourage certain forces which today are more
in need of control. The States are given wide
autonomy; the Nation is checked on every hand
by ultra-vires provisions.

"This was well enough so long as the States
were little countries by themselves, cut off by
economic and social gulfs from each other, but
now that there are common problems and com-
mon perils throughout the whole Union, to arm
localities with obstructive powers is to play into
the hands of reaction and dishonesty and to

THE PANDEX

223

make any continuous national policy impossible.
"The people in America have scarcely as yet
grasped the whole meaning of nationality. The
spirit wakes in them with magnificent fire and
energy at a' crisis, but they go back to their daily
work and forget about it." — Philadelphia North
American.

PROTECTIONISM FOLLOWED CIVIL WAR

How Thaddeus Stevens and 'Pig-Iron' Kelley
Fought for High Tariff.

Ida M. Tarbell, who is relating the dramatic
story of "The Tariff in Our Times" in the
American Magazine, passes, in the January
number, to an account of the outbreak of high
protectionism which followed the Civil War, and
of the success of certain special interests in ob-
taining favors from Congress.

The struggle which characterized the period
between 1865 and 1872 was between those who
wanted to reduce the duties to ante-bellum pro-
portions and those who wanted to preserve the
high schedule made necessary by the war. The
fight was a bitter one, and the wool and iron
and cotton men won.

Among the interesting figures introduced in
this chapter of the narrative are Thaddeus Stev-
ens and 'Pig-Iron' Kelley, who fought passion-
ately in Congress for high protection; David A.
Wefls, William B. Allison, James F. Wilson,
and John A. Kasson, who led in the fight against
the outbreak of high protection which followed
the war; Andrew .Johnson, who vetoed the cop-
per bill; John L. Hayes, one of the most wonder-
ful lobbyists that ever frequented Washington;
John Sherman, Senator Morrill, Henry Ray-
mond, 'Tax-Fight-Emancipation' Pike and oth-
ers.

Of the raid on Congress just after the war
Miss Tarbell gives this graphic picture :

"It was demonstrated that any private inter-
est which could secure the backing of a power-
ful Senator or Representative like Sherman of
Ohio, Chandler of Michigan, Kelley of Pennsyl-
vania, could obtain what it wanted from the
Congress of the United States, though that favor
might raise prices to consumers without giving
them compensation in other directions, might
destroy established industries and injure an es-
tablished commerce.

"By 1870 the tariff was a conglomeration of
special favors. These unjust and unscientific
duties had not been laid without protest. Men
like Morrill, Garfield, Fessenden, Allison, Kas-
son, Raymond, and Sumner had warned against
the outbreak. 'It smells of monopoly,' they said
again and again, and yet most of them when it
came to the test voted with their party. Many
of the ablest Republican newspapers, especial-
ly those in the West, harangued incessantly
against the unfairness of the legislation. But
remonstrance, even an attempt at discussion,
only aroused the angry cry of 'free trader' from
the dominant faction in Congress. 'It has be-
come impossible,' said Mr. Wells, in his report
of December, 1869, for any one 'to suggest any

reduction or modification whatever looking to
the abatement of prices artificially maintained
in the interest of special industries without be-
ing immoderately assailed with accusations of ,
corrupt and unpatriotic motives.' , , ;

' ' The tariff legislation was but a part of the ,
deplorable and general attempt which followed
the war to make Congress do for the individual
what it was his business to do for himself. Men
seemed to believe that their future depended on
legislation — to have forgotten or never realized
that legislation can do nothing more than dis-
tribute wealth — it can not produce it, and that
the only way you can get money to legislate
into the pocket of one individual is by taking
it out of the pocket of another. Washington had
come to be filled with as fine a band of plunder-
ers as ever besieged a National Congress, tax
swindlers, smugglers, speculators in land grants,
railroad lobbyists, agents of ship companies,
mingled with the representatives of industries
seeking protection, until it seemed as if Congress
was little more than a relief bureau. At one
time in 1869 there were forty-one railroads, or
would-be railroads, seeking aid in the House and
thirty-seven in the Senate. What was to be the
effect of this outbreak of protectionism? Many
sober people asked themselves the question in dis-
may. But at the moment everybody was look-
ing to Grant. The new President would certainly
help the situation — bring back Congress and the
party to candid discussion, institute economies,
clear Washington of the self-seekers."

FOLK WANTS A LOT OF THINGS

Missouri's Governor Plans a Busy Session of the
Legislature.

Jefferson City, Mo. — In his message trans-
mitted to the Legislature, Governor Folk felici-
tates the State on its prosperity, calls attention
to the condition of the Sate Treasury, which
shows a cash balance of $2,222,310, an increase
of $335,850 since January 1, 1906, and estimates
the receipts for the coming two years from tax-
ation at $7,165,000.

He recommends placing get-rich-quick con-
cerns and fake mining companies under the build-
ing and loan departments for proper restraint;
prohibition of rebating between agents and
policyholders; a standard act for life insurance
companies; an act requiring life insurance com-
panies to distribute dividends actually; an act
prohibiting insurance companies from making
political contributions; an act prohibiting insur-
ance companies from paying any official more
than .$50,000 annually; an act requiring foreign
companies to keep at least 70 per cent of prem-
iums invested in the State; a law making it a
crime for any person to lobby for special inter-
ests for pay and compelling all lobbyists to file
printed briefs and arguments for public inspec-
tion; abolishment of railroad passes and the en-
actment of a two-cent rate law; a tax of one-

224

THE PANDEX

fifteenth of 1 per cent on the capital stock of
each corporation in the State; requiring corpora-
tions to sell goods at a uniform price through-
out the State; prison punishment as a penalty
for violation of anti-trust laws; maximum
freight laws and State railroad rebate laws ; laws
to give cities full power to regulate tolls, charges
and rates for gas and other public utilities; a
law preventing one corporation from owning

stock in another; a blow at holding companies
like the one owning gas and street car monopolies
in St. Louis ; a law making it a felony to register
a bet upon a horse race; suppression of bucket
shops; resolution calling on Congress to call a
convention for the purpose of proposing amend-
ments to the National Constitution looking to the
election of United States Senators by popular
vote. — New York Sun.

Heroes of the Philippines.

SAVAGE TESTS OF COURAGE IN THE LONG SLOW FIGHT FOR

THE MODERNIZATION OF THE NATIVES IN UNCLE

SAM'S FAR AWAY POSSESSIONS.

THE recent proposal from Washington to
reduce the standing army in the Philip-
pines to ten thousand men is, if correctly
reported, not only an amazing commentary
upon the prevalence of peace conditions
throughout the archipelago as a whole, but
is in part a testimony to the remarkable
efficiency of the Philippine Constabulary, an
organization whose methods are little known.

The Constabulary for the past six or seven
years has been quietly at work all over
the islands anticipating the crime naturally fol-
lowing in the wake of war by arresting malefac-
tors, making friends with and educating them
industrially by showing them "how the white
man does things," and, in fact, contributing to
peace by constructive efforts as well as by limita-
tion of crime.

The Philippine Constabulary is the great or-
ganization by which Uncle Sam has enlisted the
Filipinos in his service and turned these native
troops, under the American officers, into excel-
lent soldiers. The enlisted man in the Constabu-
lary compares favorably with any native troops
in the world. He is superior to Britain's native
army in Africa, and has even been praised by

some of the few military experts who have
watched the work of the Constabulary in the
Philippines, as excelling in devotion and bravery,
though perhaps not in drill and appearance, Eng-
land 's famous regiment of Sihks in India.

An All-round Organization.

The Constabulary is an all-round organization,
and the American officers in charge have to be
all round good men. Here is a jingle called "The
Constabulary Man." It would make Kipling
weep, but at the same time it is immensely in-
forming as to the divers duties of the American
Constabulary officer:

THE CONSTABULARY MAN.

Do you know the careworn fellow with the shoul-
der straps of red.

With leather puttee leggings and campaign hat
on head?

Whose wayworn suit of khaki shows of service
in the brush.

And who walks as if some tired, but trying hard
to rush?

CHORUS :

Oh, it's boot man, bike man. Constabulary man.
Half police and soldier, who does the best he can ;
He is always in for fun or fight, and doesn 't care

a d ;

Foot or mounted, dry or wet. Constabulary man.

THE PANDEX

225

When the country was turned over to the gov-
ernment civil

And the insular police began its journey long
up-hill,

Its road was rough and rocky, but was followed
with a will.

And those of them who yet remain are following
that road still.

His clothes they may be ragged and his spirits

may be low ;
His stomach may be empty and his pocketbook

also,
But when there's trouble in the wind or an

enemy ib sight
You'll find liim always ready and willing for a

fight.

STILL ASKING FOR JUSTICE.

— Chicago Record-Herald.

He's a doctor and a lawyer and apothecary, too;
He's a teacher and a padre, with everything else

to do;
He's artillery, cavalry, infantry, and sailor on

the shore;
He's sure a United Service man, the member of

this corps.

Schermerhom's Great Fight.

Amazing adventures have occurred to some of
the officers of the Philippine Constabulary; in
fact, they are occurring every day. For a cold-
steel, painful experience, that of Lieutenant Wil-
liam Schermerhorn "takes the cake." Scher-
merhorn is a big, strong, resolute, twinkle-eyed

226

THE PANDEX

Scotchman. He stands six feet two in liis stock-
ing feet, and is slender, wiry, and a well-built
mass of bone and sinew. Down on the north
coast of Mindanao once, Schermerhorn, with sev-
eral prospective Constabulary recruits, was fol-
lowing a narrow trail through a dense jungle of
cane. The path was not more than a foot wide,
and the thick jungle on both sides of the trail
was dark at midday. Schermerhorn was pro-
ceeding at the head of his men. Suddenly,
without the slightest warning, a black arm with
a terrible knife slipped out of the thicket.

Knife Struck Him on Head.

The knife struck Schermerhorn on the side of
the head, almost cracking the skull, and cutting
a fearful gash from his cheekbone to his mouth.
Simultaneously another hand grasped the Con-
stabulary officer's revolver, leaving him without
weapons. Schermerhorn wheeled around and
called to his men, but they had deserted in a
panic on the back trait. He had grasped the
hand of the man who struck him, and, like a
vise, he wrenched his opponent's arm until the
fellow stood between him and his assailants.
Quicker than words can tell, Schermerhorn made
a desperate effort to get the huge bolo knife. In
doing this he was compelled to grasp the blade,
and by his own action cut three tingers from his
left hand and made a fearful cut along the palm
of his hand. He secured the knife, killed the
man whom he still grasped and tive men who at-
tacked him, took two prisoners, but two others
escaped. To-day Schermerhorn is well and
strong. He has left the Constabulary and is now
manager of a great plantation in the peaceful,
far-away Cagayan Valley. But he has spent
months in the hospital, and his body is a mass of
seams and scars. Needless to say that the pros-
pective recruits were not enlisted.

General Wright's Suggestion.
The Constabulary was organized in August,
1901, at the suggestion of General Luke E.
Wright. The idea was to have an efficient patrol
system of the entii'e islands, which could be
cheaply administered through the use of native
troops, American officers being in charge of the
natives. There are at present two hundred and
fifty American officei's in the Constabulary, and
five thousand native enlisted men. The total
appropriation for the fiscal year ending June 30,
1906, was $1,646,000. This includes a vast num-
ber of expenses, policing, jails, building and
maintaining of telegraph lines, et cetera. Even
including these, the total cost per man per year
of the Philippines Constabulary is but a trifle.
One great feature of the Philippines Constabu-
lary is that just as soon as you put an American
uniform upon a native you make a different man
of him. When he wears Uncle Sam's uniform
the native soldier will follow his American offi-
cer to the last ditch. I was down at the battle
of Dajo Hill, on little Sulu Island, March 6. 7,
and 8, 1906, where forty Constabulary troopers,
under Captain White and Lieutenant Sowers,
cleared the trail for the first charge against the
bandits in Dajo crater. Out of the forty Con-

stabulary soldiers almost fifty per cent were
killed or wounded. The Moro Constabulary, with
their American uniforms, fought as desperately
for Uncle Sam against the bandit Moros, who
were of their own blood, as any soldiei's in the
field. Of course the enlisted Malay does not
equal the American soldier, who in headwork and
individual initiative is undoubtedly the best sol-
dier in the world, as he is also the bravest and
most humane. They do not shoot as straight as
Americans, but under American officers they
fight desperately, and are frequently useful in
bearing the brunt of the chai'ge and snaring the
American troops. The Constabulary get thrown
in the hot places. It is hard on the officers, for
the officers are always conspicuous, being Amer-
icans and in the lead, and are always targets for
ladrones.

A Few Statistics.

It is hardly possible to tell by statistics what
the Constabulary, as an organization, has accom-
plished. Their work in the field is really the
least of what they do; but the following statis-
tics give an idea of some of the field work for
the four years to the end of June, 1905 : Ladrones
and insuiTectos captured and surrendered, 9155 ;
ladrones and insurrectos killed, 2504; arms se-
cured, 4288; stolen animals recovered, 7895.

"The Philippines Constabulary is no good,"
said a young West Pointer to the writer.
"Why?"" I asked, "don't they do the work?"
' ' Oh, yes ; they do the work all right ; they get
through the country in good shape, but their
drill is so sloppy; the men don't dress in good
line."

Yet up in Benaue, in the heart of Luzon, Lieu-
tenant Levi E. Case, of the Philippines Constabu-
lary, with forty Filipino soldiers, rules over and
directs without friction one hundred and fifteen
thousand Igorrotes, the most vigorous race in the
entire Malay archipelago. When the Spanish
sent up a thousand troops to Benaue in 1837 the
Igorrotes killed off all but two hundred of them.
But Case has them building roads, trails, and
bridges, has got them to cultivating market
truck, and putting up schools. Benaue is three
days' strenuous travel from the nearest Amer-
icans and twelve days' travel from Manila. Case
is a little, quiet, modest fellow. He speaks the
Igorrote dialect of his region, and if ever he car-
ries a gun he shoots like Cooper's Leather Stock-
ing. Case would not have said that the soldiers
were "no good" because perhaps they did not
dress in good line. He looks to their efficiency.

How Fletcher Took a Ship.

Of all the strange experiences that have oc-
curred to Constabulary officers, perhaps none
affords a more striking example of heroic bravery
than the literally astounding adventure of Sec-
ond Lieutenant (now Captain) Harrison 0.
Fletcher. Accompanied by two native soldiers,
Lieutenant Fletcher, then stationed at Virac,
rowed out to the large steamer Dos Hermanos,
of which a mutinous crew had taken possession,
boarded the steamer single-handed in the face of
rifle fire, and captured thirty-four insubordinates

THE PANDEX

227

and one boy. The .circumstanees were these, and
I do not believe that they ean be better presented
than they are in Captain Fletcher's report to his
superior officer. This report is as modest and
concise as Fletcher's personality:
"The Senior Inspector, Albay.

"Sir: I have the honor to report that at 8.30
p. m. on the 13th instant, I heard a disturbance
aboard the steamer Dos Hermauos, which was
anchored about two hundred yards from shore,
near my quarters, and thinking that it was a
drunken brawl I took two of the guards and
started out in a small boat with the intention of
reprimanding the ship's officers for not keeping
better order aboard their vessel.

"When I was about half way out the steam
winch was started to raise anchor with all pos-
sible speed. I then thought there must be a
mutiny on board, and hurried on. On passing
about midship I called out in Spanish to drop
anchor, or I would fire. As an answer someone
threw a chunk of coal at my boat, which fell
short. I saw the man that threw the coal and
flred at him. He was on the upper deck of the
bridge and when I fired he either fell or jumped
into the water on the opposite side. I and my
two men then began firing at the steam winch
where men were working. They all hid, and I
passed around the prow of the vessel and came
back to where the ladder was, but it was up, and
I could only reach the lower part of it with my
hands. The captain then began loudly calling to
me to hurry aboard. I managed to get on deck
by having my two men fire continuously over
my head to keep anyone from cutting me as I
climbed up."

Under Fire.

Captain Fletcher modestly does not mention
the fact that he was fired on while boarding the
. vessel.

"Up to this time the officers and passengers
were locked up in the staterooms, after being
badly cut with bolos and knives. The guards
over the staterooms, on seeing me come aboard,
fled forward, and the captain and first mate and
second engineer (all wounded) came out of the
windows. I started forward then, and whenever
I saw a man I fired. They all either jumped
overboard or went below into the forecastle. I
fired at three men who were hanging over the
railing, apparently trying to hide. I had first
told them to come up, but they would not, and
at each shot one fell into the water. I got all
corralled in the foks'le and put a guard at stairs
and went back and called down to the engine-
room to shut off steam from the winch and stop
the machinery which was turning the propellor.
After putting the other guard at the engineroom
stairs with orders to kill anyone who tried to
come up, I got the captain, who was very much
excited, to go forward and shut off the winch,
which I had tried to do, but could not find the
lever. I then called ashore for more guards, who
were already coming, and took control of the
ship, as the captain appeared almost crazy, hav-
ing been hit with an iron bar. The first mate and

second engineer jumped overboard about the time
I came on, the mate swimming ashore and the
engineer being picked up by my boat. The chief
engineer was killed at the beginning, having re-
ceived ten stabs. The third engineer, who was
one of the plotters, tried to come upstairs about
that time and I knocked him down again. The
major domo and Chinese carpenter were knocked
overboard at the start, and up to this time the
bodies have not been found. My men on shore
picked up four men, sailors who had swum
ashore, and held them.

"The incidents occurring previous to my ar-
rival on board were as follows : The officers and
passengers had finished supper and were singing
and playing the guitar in the very poop of the
vessel and were taken at great disadvantage
when they suddenly were attacked by about ten
men with knives and bars of iron. The captain
was stabbed in the thigh and hit on the head
and left for dead. The mate seized one of the
men and tried to take his knife away from him,
but was badly cut, and another about that time
hit the mate with a bar oji the head and knocked
him senseless. The mutineers then went after
the passengers, and the second engineer, who had
taken refuge in the back stateroom, dragged the
captain and mate in also. Then the mutineers
came back and locked the door and placed two
men to guard it. The passengers, four men and
two women, all managed to get in one stateroom,
one of the men receiving a bad cut on the arm.
A sailor who was on watch at the time was asked
by the captain to open the door. He started to
do so, but the boatswain, who was the ringleader
of the whole thing, almost cut his hand off with
a bolo. The captain called to his muchacho to
bring his revolver, but the revolver was taken
from the muchacho by the boatswain. After I
came on board the captain sent his boy for an-
other revolver; the boy got the revolver, but did
not bring it back, but took it forward, where I
found him with it.

All Confessed.

"All confess that they knew of it beforehand,
but were afraid of the boatswain, who threat-
ened to kill anyone who did not comply. One
sailor, who was sent ashore about 7.30 with a
boat to bring out a guitar, remained ashore. He
says that he knew what was going to happen and
did not want to be in it. All the sailors, firemen,
and muchachos knew of it beforehand, but some
some of them were too scared to do anything.
I think they had all been drinking bino (wine)
to get up courage, as they immediately went to
sleep after I corralled them. The officers can
identify some of the men who assaulted them,
and the second engineer knows the two men who
killed the chief engineer. The boatswain and
quartermaster are still missing. I think they are
dead. Two bodies were picked up to-day, one
lamp trimmer and one sailor, both shot through
the head. I think the boatswain, who was the
leader of all, was one of the men that I shot off
the rail. By the time that I got out to the ship,
which was moving, it was nearly three hundred
yards from the shore, and it would take a good

228

THE PANDEX

swimmer to swim ashore after having been fight-
ing and working as they had.

' ' I have thirty-four prisoners and one boy, who
is acquainted with the facts in the ease, as a
witness. I will let the latter stay with the cap-
tain, who says he will be responsible for him at
any time. There are only two of the robbers
missing now, the boatswain and the quartermas-
ter. They are the two men who killed the first
engineer and did most of the fighting. I think
they are dead, as the beach was lined with peo-
ple, and no one was seen to swim ashore except
the men who were picked up by my men and
held.

Planned to Kill All Officers.

"If I had been five minutes later they would
have been gone; they were already under way,
but were going very slow, as the anchor was not
entirely up yet. Their plan was to kill all offi-
cers, run away with the ship, and take the 15,000
pesos ($7,500), which was aboard, then wreck
the ship and claim all were lost except them. I
will send the prisoners over to-morrow on cus-
toms launch Sora. The charges will be mutiny
and piracy.

' ' The two men who were with me behaved very
well all the time — Privates Penaloso and Nolla.

"The wounded were taken ashore and I had
their wounds dressed with first-aid dressings.
The consignee, Gil Hermanos, took charge of the
ship until help arrived from Manila.

"HARRISON 0. FLETCHER,
"Second Lieutenant, P. C."

Captain (then Inspector) Fletcher had an-
other adventure exactly five months, less a day,
after the affair of the Dos Hermanos. At the
time it occurred Fletcher was riding a bicycle
and was totally unprepared for combat. The
affair is concisely stated in the following tele-
gram, copied from the amazingly interesting files
of the constabulary headquarters :

"Albay, January 15, 1903.
"Garwood, Constabulary, Manila.

"Night 14th, 9:30 p. m.— Inspector Fletcher
on his way to Camalig alone was attacked within
a mile of Guinobatan by about thirty bolomen.
Received bolo cuts in right shoulder, left jaw,
and arm, killing five, wounding four, and captur-
ing one with list of entire forces newly organized
in pueblo of Guinobatan. Inspector Fletcher re-
turned to Guinobatan with prisoner, and Inspec-
tor Hester pursued them, killing six more. Col-
lect at Polangui.

"GALT, Supply Officer."
— San Francisco Call.

A Cry from the Heart

Oh, tell me how to write the things

That editors will buy.
And I will try and try and try

And try and try and try.

I do not yearn to have my name

On Fame's eternal scroll
By writing things that move the heart,

The liver or the soul.

I do not yearn to be among
The Shakespeares and the lot

Who wrote the things which always will
Keep permanently hot.

Of course, if I should write such things

I'd feel r. proper pride.
But if I didn't strike their gait

I'd be as satisfied.

I only yearn to write the things

That editors will buy.
And if you'll tell me how I can,

I'll love you till I die.

Fame doesn't cut much ice with me,

And I am not so sure
I wish it said that I produce

Homeric literature.

But oh, I yearn to have a wad

Like some successful" star.
And let the whole world know I own

A Big Red Touring Car.

Gee whiz.

What a dream that is!
— W. J. Lampton, in New York Sun.

THE PANDEX

229

A CHAPTER IN RAPID TRANSIT

KICKING IN THE WRONG DIRECTION.

-Pittsburg Gazette-Times.

TOLD IN CARTOONS FROM THE NEWSPAPERS OF VARIOUS CITIES

230

THE PANDEX

HOW MUCH LONGER?

— Chicago Record-Herald.

THE PANDEX

231

"^ts^itj^fntf^

SIDNEY STRAPHANGER'S CHRISTMAS.

Sketched from life (so Bradford says) in the tent of the indomitable man who has reached
Thirty-ninth and Market streets in his trolley expedition.

— Philadelphia North American.

232

THE PANDEX

THE STRONGEST ARGUMENT FOR THE IMMEDIATE CLOSING OF THE TRACTION

AGREEMENT— CROSS SECTION.

— Chicago Record-Herald.

THE PANDEX

233

Church and Morals
in Government

— Adapted from New York World.

FRENCH SEPARATION ACTS. AMERICAN VICE RESTRICTION, SUN-
DAY OBSERVANCE CONTENTIONS, AND ETHICAL LEC-
TURES, COMBINE TO COMMAND ATTENTION.

WHILE it has been the intense situation
in France that has again signally sum-
moned public attention to the inevitable in-
termingling of church and state in men's
affairs, the greater aspects of the rehabilita-
tion of religious motif have received their
emphasis elsewhere. In the United States
the struggle to restrict the popular vices,
such as gambling, libidinousness, and com-
mercial dishonesty, has absorbed the energies
of officials and stimulated the oratory of
speakers and ethical culturists. In all sec-
tions it has been recognized that some deeper
note than patriotism is essential to economic
improvement, and men of great prominence
have been as earnest as men of lesser light
in seeking to inculcate the higher moral prin-
ciples which usually eventuate in religious
formulae :

THE VATICAN ISSUES A NOTE

France Declared to Have Outraged the Bights
of Religion.

Abroad in France, where the church and

state issue has narrowly escaped critical
political consequences, the Church has sought
to raise the controversy to an international
scope by the method reflected in the follow-
ing from the Associated Press :

Rome. — The note sent by the Vatican to all
the papal representatives abroad protesting
against the course of the French Government,
after asserting that the rights of religion have
been outraged by the French Government's ac-
tion in preventing the head of the church from
communicating with the French hierarchy and
by the expulsion of Monsignor Montagnini, sec-
retary of the papal nunciature at Paris, says:

"The representatives of the holy see abroad
have also received a circular in which are set
forth the motives for the action of the Vatican
regarding the application of the church and state
separation law of 1905. These motives are so
grave that it is evidently impossible to accuse
the holy see of intransigence, or of unjust hos-
tility to the French Government in condemning
the cultural associations which disregarded the
essential rights which the church derived from its
constitution, such as maintaining an ecclesiastical

234

THE PANDEX

hierarchy, established by its divine founder as
the basis of the organization of the church. In
fact, the law conferred on the cultural associa-
tions rights which not only belong exclusively
to the ecclesiastical authorities in the practice
of worship and in possessing and administering
ecclesiastical property, but the same associations
were rendered independent of the ecclesiastical
hierarchy and instead were placed under the
jurisdiction of the lay authorities. The pontiff
could not approve of such associations without
being lax in his duty as head of the church and
without trampling upon the fundamental do-
mestic principles of the church.

"The same can be said of M. Briand's cir-
cular. The holy see could not admit the un-
just and intolerable conditions which the circu-
lar imposed upon the clergy in the exercise of
their duties.

"All this evidently shows that the holy see
merely did its duty strictly in giving instruc-
tions on the subject to the French clergy. If
the French Government was animated by calmer
sentiments, it could create for the church in
France a situation which at least would not in-
jure the essential rights of the holy see which
might even, without admitting the principle of
separation of church and state, tolerate such a
situation in order to avoid worse evils, as it did
in the case of other countries. ' '

POPE WOULD BE A MARTYR

Grieved at the French Priests Who Say "We
Suffer," He Avows Desire to Feel Persecution.

To the Pope, at least, the French situation
has had in it much of the spirit that always
makes religious conflicts the most grave that
can occur to the human race. Witness the
following from the New York World:

Paris. — Pope Pius X is quoted in an inter-
view published in the ultramontane journal, Le
Croix, as being eager for martyrdom, if oppor-
tunity offered. In this interview His Holiness
discusses the church crisis in France with M.
Franc, correspondent of Le Croix.

The Pope, the interviewer says, spoke without
harshness, but with great resolution, declaring:

Mgr. Ireland First to Wire.

"The first telegram I received protesting
against the action of the French Government was
from Archbishop Ireland. This was followed by
many others from America and England.

"The episcopacy of the whole world is with
the Pope," added His Holiness, with an accent
of joy in his voice.

"The French episcopacy has a right to feel
proud. Bishops have been evicted from their
palaces, but they have given an example of sac-

rifice for the right which fixes the attention of
the whole world upon them."

Speaking of the French priesthood, the Pope
said :

"The more completely they are deprived of
the good things of this world the more these
priests will turn to supernatural things and to
the defense of principles. Besides, the more they
are obliged to look to the people for the where-
withal upon which to live, the more they will
approach the people in their sympathies, thus ac-
quiring an influence over them which formerly
has often been seen to be wanting.

"The movement of the separation of church
and state in France is hard, but the morrow will
be consoling."

Pius went on to say that he knew some of the
priests in France were saying, "It's all very
well for the Pope to take this stand, but he does
not suffer."

' ' Most surely, ' ' commented the Pope, ' ' I de-
sire to suffer for the cause they support. I
would be glad to endure privations of all sorts,
to be dragged before judges, to be thrown into
prison, and even to give my head.

"I should be happy to die a martyr to the
faith, for I know I should go straight to
Heaven. ' '

M. Franc inquired what attitude Catholics in
France ought to assume toward the new measure
prepared by M. Briand.

The Pope's ideas on this subject were that the
new measure, like the first law, being condemned,
no Catholic, whether he be priest or layman,
can be permitted to do anything directed by it,
or which can be considered as even a partial
acceptance of the new law. On the other hand,
the Pope advised that the French clergy remain
in their churches and continue to conduct the
customary public services.

EVANGELIZING THE WORLD

Thousands of Men and Women Now Engaged in
the Work.

While the Catholic Church is seeking to
make an international issue of the French
Separation Act, the enthusiastic propaganda
of the Protestant Church continues to carry
that field of religion, whether it so designs
or not, into the world wherein nations all too
frequently fall into conflict. Said the
Chicago Inter-Ocean:

Boston, Mass. — .That foreign mi.ssions received
a total income of .fl8,605,748 last year, wiiich
went to the support of 29,386 stations and out
stations, in which were 6750 men and 6039 women

THE PANDEX

235

missionaries, is a statement of evangelical forces
now engaged in efforts to evangelize the non-
Christian world, made public here by Editorial
Secretary Strong of the American Board of Mis-
sions.

In these stations there are 70,735 native labor-
ers, .1,349,008 eommnnicants, and 1,120,802 under
instruction. These totals show an increase over
reports of the previous year.

Statistics of principal foreign missionary so-
cieties of Evangelical churches of the United
States show that women missionaries outnumber
the men, there being 3031 of the former to 2043
of the latter. Native contributions amounted to
$1,282,299, and the total income was $8,26C,321.

Great Britain is shown to have more men in
the foreign field than women, with 3150 men and
1990 women. The total income of the British
societies is $962,224 below that of the American
societies, amounting to $7,298,097.

The last enumeration of missionaries in China
gives their number as 3270. In Japan there are
48,087 Christian communicants in the Protestant
churches.

Eighty-nine societies are engaged in Christian
work in India, of which thirty-two are Ameri-
can. All of the societies have in this field 3447
foreign missionaries. The 541 hospitals and dis-
pensaries have within the year cared for 2,000,-
953 patients.

MINISTERS WILL EDIT PAPER

Plan Issue as They Think Disciples Would Under
Present Conditions.

Apparently in the consciousness that no
weapon of the modern day equals the press
in efficacy, the ministers of the Protestant
churches frequently- are undertaking such
movements as the following:

Kenton, Ohio. — For one day Kenton is to have
a newspaper conducted and edited as the dis-
ciples of the Savior would have it. For the first
time this city will have union revival services
of all the evangelistic churches.

The Ministerial Association regretted its lack
of an official organ to help the services, where-
upon the News, the local Republican daily, of-
fered to turn over its office and paper to the
Kenton ministers for Saturday, December 29,
the preachers to have absolute charge of the en-
tire issue.

The preachers in session adopted the proposi-
tion and will publish 3000 extras to sell at 10
cents each to defray expenses. The ministers an-
nounce: "The newspaper will be like we be-
lieve the apostles of Christ would have it were
they here to edit it under modern con-
ditions."

WAR ON SUNDAY THEATERS

New York Playhouses Must Show Cause Why
Licenses Should Not Be Revoked.

The following from the Pittsburg Gazette-
Times exhibits something of the movement
toward moral rectification which may be the
precursor of religious developments :

New York. — The city administration will turn
to the civil courts for assistance in putting an
end to Sunday theatrical performances. It is
proposed to make the first move in this direc-
tion next week when Oscar Hammerstein will
be cited to show cause why the license of his
Victoria Theater should not be revoked. The
action will be taken by request of the Actors'
Church Alliance.

FIGHT FOR OPEN SUNDAY

Subject of Liberty on First Day of '^eek to Be
Taken Through Chicago Courts.

The pressure of the foreign-American ele-
ment against the application of Sunday
regulation is shown in the following from
the Chicago Tribune :

The Sunday closing fight in Chicago is on in
earnest. It will be a fight to a finish, with neither
expense, nor legal resource, nor popular appeal
spared in testing the duty of the Mayor to en-
force what he calls a dead letter.

With the retaining of Levy Mayer as counsel
for Alderman Michael Kenna in the mandamus
proceedings brought by the Sunday Closing
League the personal liberty organizations served
notice of the opening of a determined campaign
to uphold Mayor Dunne in his persistent refusal
to enforce the law.

Indirectly Attorney Mayer will represent the
United Societies for Local Self-Government.

In outlining his plan of attack on the Sunday
closing advocates. Attorney Levy Mayer de-
clared that Chicago is the center of a new and
growing movement destined to sweep the coun-
try, a movement for the establishment of a new
liberty, the liberty of Sunday observance. On
this ground he will seek to justify the non-en-
forcement of the law, if not to prove the uncon-
stitutionality of the statute. Another basis of
attack will be the right of the courts to inter-
vene in the administration of municipal govern-
ment.

CHURCH WINS IN PORTO RICO

The Court Divided, All the American Judges
Dissenting.

San Juan, Porto Rico. — The Supreme Court
of Porto Rico has rendered a decision favorable
to the Catholic Church in the case of the Church
versus the People as to the ownership of certain
properties.

236

THE PANDEX

The court finds that properties valued at half
a million dollars belong to the church and ac-
crued rents and incomes since 1898, when the
United States took the island from Spain and
amounting to $100,000 are declared to be due the
plaintiff.

Of the five members of the court three fa-
vored the decision for the church. The Ameri-
can judges voted in favor of the Government.
The case will be appealed to the United States
Supreme Court.

PULPIT THE COWARD'S CASTLE

Rev. Madison C. Peters Says Classes Control
Church Sermons.

Altho the pulpit is taking such steps as
those reflected in the preceding tvs'O items,
there are still within the Church leaders who
feel that there is a ministerial lethargy and
indifference to be overcome before current
social conditions can be adequately modified.
Said the Chicago Inter-Oeean :

New York. — Dr. Madison C. Peters, in his fare-
well sermon as pastor of the Epiphany Baptist
Church, said:

"Every one who knows the emptiness of the
pews in nearly all the Protestant churches in
New York, knows that so far as Protestants are
concerned. New Yorkers have ceased to be
churehgoing people. The failure of the church
to reach the people is not only a numerical fail-
ure— numbers do not always represent power
and influence — but it is a failure of quality as
well as quantity. By far the vast majority of
the people of this city never enter a Protestant
church, except possibly to attend a funeral or
witness a wedding.

"Among those outside of the churches are a
class of men and women who typify and embody
the higher forces which are working for good
or evil in American society. The non-ehurehed
masses are not antagonistic to religion, and they
often set a good example to professors them-
selves. Some years ago at a great labor meeting
in Cooper Union the name of the church was
hissed, while that of Jesus was cheered. All
the religious world outside of the church recog-
nizes the fact that the traditions of the church
and the teachings of Jesus are antagonistic.

"Beyond the mere superficies, Christianity has
not as yet been taught in the churches, and
therefore it can not be truthfully said that Chris-
tianity in New York is a failure, because it has
never received a fair trial. Christianity in its
last analysis is a social ideal.

".Tesus seldom spoke about the church, but
he spoke constantly about the kingdom; the ob-
ject of his mission was not so much to assure
us of a 'Sweet By and By' as to establish a de-
cent now-and-now.

"I am not leaving the church; I am simply

seeking to accomplish the mission of Jesus, and
I believe, as conditions exist in New York to-
day, I can do so better outside a church building
than in one. In the theater I have leased there
will be a common meeting ground for all the peo-
ple, irrespective of poverty or riches.

"In the church the preacher is expected to
conserve the heritage of the past. I believe the
preacher should be a prophet, not a parrot, and
should contribute both with pen and voice to
the molding of the future. Christianity is ani-
mated by a social spirit, but it is a fact of his-
tory that the churches for full fifteen hundred
years, as a whole, have been the allies of the
classes.

"I believe with Carroll D. Wright that the
adoption of the philosophy of the religion of
Christ as a practical creed will be the surest and
speediest solution of the difficulties which excite
the minds of men.

"I enter upon this new work because I long
for a freedom which no man can enjoy in a
pulpit where a few men pay his salary and prac-
tically dictate what he shall say.

"The pulpit in America, with here and there
a notable exception, is a coward's castle. With
my pen and my platform I can, if necessary,
preach for the love of it, and I emphatically say
that there will never be in any pulpit in America
a free expression of honest opinion as long
as the consciences of the preachers are held in
bondage and thralldom by a paid salary."

MAN SUPERIOR TO COMMERCE

Jewish Rabbi Regrets Tendency to Forget the
Human Side of Business.

Something of the approach to the reform
movement thru the avenues of public ex-
hortation is given in the following from the
Cleveland Plain Dealer. Coming as the utter-
ance does from a member of the highly com-
mercialized Jewish race, it has more than
usual significance:

Cleveland, Ohio. — In his sermon on "The Ma-
chine and Man," at The Temple in this city re-
cently, Rabbi Louis Wolsey of Little Rock, Ark.,
decried the tendency to place the machine above
man, and declared they are but the distributers
of man's energy, and that man is supreme above
all elements.

Rabbi Wolsey came here to occupy the pulpit
for the day, but next September he will take
charge of the Scovill Avenue Temple.

"The statement of the Jewish sages that the
patriarchs observed the Torah long before it
was revealed," he said, in part, "puts man as
the chief fact ever and above all Bibles, creeds
and philosophies. He lived and moved before
them all. He is the central phenomenon of the
universe, more important than all the books
which are his Bibles, more significant and power-
ful than all the inventions upon which he so

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237

PANDORA'S BOX.
Apropos of the Recent Controversy Between President Roosevelt and the Storers in Regard to
the Appointment of Archbishop Ireland as a Cardinal.

— New York World.

238

THE PANDEX

freely relies in the lioura of his laziness, in-
dolence and luxurious ease.

"The man in commerce greets one with the
cold water statement that business is business, by
which he means that industry and commerce are
things from which the human is eliminated. He
sees no human being before him and he cares
not who or what you are ; he looks upon the form
before him as a machine that either buys or sells
and his one goal is to reduce all of the various
departments of his activity into a system. The
labor agitator, the socialist, the reformer, the
statesman, and the publicist, have so tabulated
men that they are simply denoted by a statistic, a
tigure that can be manipulated by pressing a but-
ton or be set in motion by belting them to some
shaft.

"But they who have forgotten and neglected
the chief element of the universe, and that
element is neither bow nor fire nor sword nor
machine nor electricity, are dreamers, for the
central thing is not a nameless slave, a drudge,
a piece of property, but man, the being in whom
there is something of God, the being who wishes
and hopes and thinks and wonders, to whose
divinity flesh and blood and fiber and bone ren-
der the tribute of their all."

knowledge that all Europe recognizes the neces-
sity of some effective form of ethical instruc-
tion in the public schools. The several coun-
tries differ as to methods, but they are a unit as
to the need. In America juvenile criminality is
on the increase and there is not a doubt in my
mind that this is the result of the disappearance
of religious teaching from our public schools.
The Bible is still read and prayers and hymns
are still heard in the schools of the New England
States, but education elsewhere throughout the
country, so far as the public schools are con-
cerned, is severely secular. I might mention
some minor qualifications of this rule, but my
statement is substantially correct.

"America's responsibility in this matter is
tremendous. It has more than 16,000,000 young
people in its public schools. These schools repre-
sent an investment of £120,000,000 ($600,000,-
000) and cost yearly £50,000,000 ($250,000,000)
of the hard-earned money of parents who want
to see their sons and daughters amount to some-
thing. We must crowd into their minds and
drive into their hearts the moral principles upon
which everv career must stand if it stands at
all."

THE CHURCH NEGLECTS LABOR

IT'S A MORAL PROBLEM

Ethical Condition of the American People Is
of the Gravest Concern.

The still more strictly ethical exhortation
is typified by the following from the Chicago

News:

London. — "After all, America's greatest prob-
lem is not a material, but a moral problem,"
said Clifford W. Barnes, special commissioner of
the Religious Education Association of the
United States, to the correspondent of the Chi-
cago Daily News. "From reading the news-
papers one would infer that if we could settle
our railway, trust, tariff, and other business
questions we should be able to rest on our oars.
The truth is that the ethical state of our people is
our gravest concern. If we can put this right
and keep it right everything else will be easy."

Mr. Barnes is specially interested in that part
of the moral problem of America which is in-
dicated by the increase in general lawlessness,
and particularly in juvenile criminality. He
resigned the presidency of Illinois College a year
ago and came to Europe for the Religious Educa-
tion Association of the United States — an or-
ganization formed at the instance of Dr. Butler
of Columbia, the late Dr. Harper of the Univer-
sity of Chicago, and other men of like type — to
study the religious and moral education of the old
world for the guidance of the new.

"I go home," he continued, "with the certain

Dr. Fagnani, Addressing Workmen, Speaks for
More Democracy.

Stricture upon the worthiness of the
Church and of its value in the current con-
ditions of life is given in the following from
the New York Times :

Bishop Henry C. Potter of Manhattan pre-
sided recently at a mass meeting under the aus-
pices of the Brooklyn Central Labor Union, in
Association Hall, that borough, at which the re-
lations of labor and the church formed the sub-
ject of discussion. The speakers included the
Rev. Dr. Charles P. Fagnani of the Union Theo-
logical Seminary and Frank A. Foster, president
of the Massachusetts Federation of Labor.

"The church believes in confession. So she
tells the laborer to confess his sins to her. It
is a poor rule which does not work both ways.
The church might go to confession herself and
confess her sins to the laboring man. The church
has been too prone to place emphasis on the in-
terests of the other world and to neglect the in-
terests of this world.

"The laborer is necessarily engrossed with
the affairs of this world. Now the church is re-
alizing she has neglected too much the worldly
side. She is learning to leave Heaven and hell
to take care of themselves and to look after the
things in this life that are sending men to hell.

"God is the God of progress and the church
has told labor to be content with wages when

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239

she should have urged labor to demand higher
wages. In that she misinterpreted God. She has
not been Christian enough in her insistence upon
brolherliness that the welfare of each is the
concern of all. The earth is rich enough to
gratify the desires of all. It is nothing but the
lack of brotherliness that heaps up the wealth
of a few while the many are impoverished.
When the church and labor join hands the king-
dom of God will come."

Mr. Foster, speaking for labor, said it wel-
comed the co-operation of the church and appre-
ciated its sympathy.

"Labor," he added, "realizes that it must
satisfy the public conscience that its cause is
that of equity and justice. With the co-opera-
tion of the laborer, the farmer, and the church,
the Republic is safe, no matter what danger
threatens. The labor unions are as important an
ethical factor in the community as the church,
and the unions and the church should work to-
gether. In the labor union is the opportunity
for the working out of the ideas of fraternity —
the teachings of Ch"i-ist."

human nature would not be tempted beyond its
strength, and make and enforce laws which shall
forbid unscrupulous practices like the employ-
ment of child labor or the adulteration of goods,
etc.

"Among nations as among business corpora-
tions," Professor Jenks concluded, "we may see
that in the long run, if the moral sentiments of
individual citizens are right, moral practices pay.

"There is no reason for discouragement.
There is still, however, much more to do for each
of us in a way of seeking more clearly the ap-
plication of the simple, old-fashioned principles
of private honesty to the great transactions of
corporate business and to the still greater prob-
lems of statesmanship. It may seem a tame
and impotent conclusion that there is no legis-
lative panacea for our business ills, but that
upon us as individuals rests the responsibility
for our own improvement. The justification for
the conclusion is human nature and the experi-
ence of the ages." — New York Times.

PURITAN DAY IN BOSTON

LEGISLATION NO CURE FOR ILLS

Professor Jenks Tells Economic Society Moral
Awakening Is Needed.

Providence, R. I. — At a joint meeting of the
American Historical and American Economic As-
sociations, Professor Jeremiah W. Jenks of Cor-
nell University, president of the American Eco-
nomic Association, delivered the annual address,
his subject being "The Modern Standard of
Business Honor."

He said it must be confessed that acts of
treachery are often condoned by the public -when
committed by statesmen in the interest of their
country. He added :

"It is no less certain that these principles
are often wrongly applied in modern business
life by men who have in their hands the interests
of stockholders. They separate their private
morals from their business acts and excuse them-
selves.

"The frequency of great fortunes, gathered,
perhaps, legally, but in w-ays felt to be unjust,
through the power of monopoly, has tended
strongly to obscure the moral vision of many
well-meaning men who have been thereby led to
confound morality with social righteousness, and
their acts have formed the excuse for many
others to break laws which seem to them unjust.
The profit from an unjust, though legal, stock-
watering may well prove more demoralizing in
business circles than the illegal freight rebate
which saves from ruin a grain shipper caught at
a disadvantage."

Professor Jenks suggested as a remedj' that
the State should make the conditions such that

Police Enforce Every Blue Law Left in Statutes
of Massachusetts.

Occasionally the moral reaction harks back
to "blue law" times. The following from
the Chicago Record-Herald is an instance :

Boston. — Every blue law remaining on the
statute books of Massachusetts that Police Com-
missioner O'Meare could find was enforced in
Boston recently, and the police presented to
the judges of the Municipal Court the names of
about 400 men with requests that summonses be
issued for them on the charge of violating the
Sunday laws.

No arrests were made, but in every case ob-
served by the police the name and address and
occupation of the offender were taken for pre-
sentation to the court.

Among those found to be violating the Sunday
law, which forbids any except works of neces-
sity or charity, were movers of theatrical scenery,
teamsters, expressmen, agents of transfer com-
panies, workmen on the Washington Street sub-
way, attendants of fruit stands, stevedores, and
other water front employees, window and side-
walk washers, janitors of business buildings and
scores of othere engaged in minor occupations.

Perhaps the most serious etfect of the 'blue'
Sunday from the standpoint of the citizens at
large was the refusal of Superintendent of
Street Cleaning Cummings to order out the usual
gang to clean the streets in the business district.
It has been the custom for years to give these
streets a thorough cleaning on Sunday, as most
of them are narrow and on week days are so
congested that good cleaning is out of the ques-
tion, though they are swept every night.

240

THE PANDEX

UNION OF ALL PROTESTANTS

Canadian Movement Toward Consolidation on
Patriotic Grounds.

Many church people of all denominations,
realizing that the religious propaganda is
much weakened thru scattering of forces, are
engaged in promoting movements similar to
the following, as reported in the Indianapolis
News:

Boston. — r. W. Burrows, writing in the
Boston Transcript, says:

The presence in Boston of the Rev. Dr. Wil-
liam T. Gunn, chairman of the Congregational
Union of Canada, brings us in touch with the
latest developments in that remarkable move-
ment toward union which is enlisting the earnest
co-operation of the Protestant denominational
leaders of the Dominion. Prominently connected
with them from the beginning in an official ca-
pacity, no one can speak more authoritatively of
the present status of the negotiations or with a
clearer discernment of their probable outcome
than Dr. Gunn.

The movement in question is no less an under-
taking than a complete amalgamation of the
Methodist. Episcopal, Congregational, and Pres-
byterian bodies within the boundaries of the
Dominion of Canada. The Methodists in Canada
number some 800,000 adherents, the Presby-
terians about the same, while the Congregation-
alists, not a native Canadian church, number
about 30,000. By these denominations commit-
tees have been appointed to draft a plan of
union. They have met, reported progress and
meet again within a few days to complete their
work, the preliminary stage having received the
official sanction of the governing bodies of their
respective churches. And now into the midst of
this forward state of the negotiations comes the
extraordinary proposal to invite the Baptist and
the Anglican churches to join in what is vastly
more than a friendly conference — a serious ef-
fort to accomplish an actual union, if they
should accept the invitation of all of the Protes-
tant churches of Canada.

CONFUCIUS PROMOTED

Chinese Edict Raises Him to Level of Heaven
and Earth.

At a time when ethics is being so widely
discussed, it is of significance to note the
renewed adherence of China to Confucius,
who was perhaps one of the greatest of pure
ethical teachers. Said the Washington Post :

Pekin, December 31. — An imperial edict, pub-

lished to-day, raises Confucius to the same rank
as Heaven and earth, which are worshiped only
-by the Emperor.

It is believed that this action is in deference to
the religious scruples of the Christian students
in the Government colleges, who object to 'ko-
tow,' an act required by immemorial custom be-
fore the tablet of Confucius.

Confucius, who, despite the age-long reverence
for his teachings, has never been worshiped per-
sonally as a deity, has been promoted by im-
perial edict to the dignity of a god. He is given
the same rank as Heaven and earth, which, in
the Chinese system of religion, form a dual per-
sonality, with the attributes of the supreme god
ruling the lower world. They, however, are
worshiped only by the Emperor.

Confucius, who never arrogated to himself
divine attributes, is now deified, according to
general belief, for a curious reason, namely, in
deference to the religious scruples of the Chris-
tian students at the Government colleges, who ob-
jected to complying with the custom of kotowing
to the memorial tablet of Confucius, which is
placed in all such institutions.

MAHDI TO RECONQUER EGYPT?

Head of Fanatical Moslems, Who Was Believed
Dead, Reported Alive.

Another religion from which there prom-
ises to arise the passion of religious zealotry,
with a corresponding effect upon the politi-
cal affairs of the world, is set forth in the
following from the New York Herald :

Alexandria. — Saleh el Khalidi, president and
delegate of the Central Committee of the Islamic
Union, who was recently expelled from Tangiet
and Tunis by the French Government, arrive'd
here from Benghazi, having traveled two months
and a half overland by way of Jarabud.

I have just interviewed Saleh. He declines to
divulge the object of his visit, but holds creden-
tials of the head of the Senoussi sect, which en-
abled him to travel through Tripoli with the
greatest facility.

He reports that great excitement prevails
throughout Cyrenaica owing to news that the
Mahdi, who was believed to have died four years
ago, is still alive. He showed me a copy of a let-
ter addressed to all Senoussi monasteries, relating
that the head of the sect had been seen recently
in the guise of a Dervish in the neighborhood of
Abecha, capital of Wadai.

This letter sends a message of liope to the
Senoussi, adding: "The time is approaching
when Moslems will be rid of the Christians."

Members of the sect are firmly convinced that
their chief is still alive and will soon leave
Kufra at the head of a large army to reconquer
Algeria, Tunis and Egypt.

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241

'TWILL SOON BE LIKE THIS IN BOSTON.

• — Cleveland Plain Dealer.

SERVICES IN MANY LANGUAGES

Novel Idea of Bishop Potter Adopted by Arch-
deaconry of New York.

New York. — Bishop Potter has just proposed
a plan of remarkable changes in the methods
of the Episcopal Church. It provides for serv-
ices of the church in any language spoken by
any large number of persons in New York.

At the last meeting of the Archdeaconry of
New York the Bishop offered a resolution, which
was adopted, providing for the appointment of a
committee of three to arrange for the holding
of such services in different parts of the city.

The rapid change in the character of the popu-
lation of the city, particularly of Manhattan,
is given as the reason for the adoption of this
policy. It is pointed out that in the part of the
city below Tourteenth Street there were five
years ago four more Protestant churches than
there are now. Notwithstanding the increase
of 300,000 in the number of inhabitants in Man-
hattan within the past five years, there are not
as many Protestant churches by two as there
were at the beginning of this period. The rea-
son assigned is that most of the increase in
population is made up of foreigners, who speak

other tongues than English. While New York
has the most polyglot population of any great
city, including among its many nationalities
400,000 Italians, 700,000 Jews and 30,000 Ar-
menians, to mention only three of the large
number the church at present makes no ade-
quate provision for reaching these elements of
the population. — St. Louis Republic.

DANIEL II, LATEST PROPHET

Seer Reveals His Identity to Band of Twenty-
three Souls.

Chicago. — A new prophet has arisen in Chi-
cago to seize the throne vacated by John Alex-
ander Dowie. The latest reincarnation of the
seers of old is "Daniel II," better known to the
outside world as Dr. William Daniel Gentry, a
former State Street physician. The new prophet
revealed his identity to a band of twenty-three
souls at Central Mission Hall, No. 124 Clark
Street.

The people of Chicago need worry themselves
no longer over the project of a deep waterway
from the lakes to the gulf, proclaimeth the
prophet, who is a strictly up-to-date seer. In

242

THE PANDEX

a very short time the earth is going to take a
little jump of a couple of hundred miles, as a
result of which the deep waterway and many
other improvements in the terrestrial globe will
be accomplished immediately.

Ships to Sail Over City.

As a matter of fact, it is hardly worth while
for the citizens of Chicago to bother themselves
about anything at all, for they and their city
will soon be resting quietly under fifty feet of
water, and the ships of the nations of the earth
will sail quietly over the Masonic Temple. So
saith the prophet.

In the orthodox manner prescribed by iin-
memorial tradition, the gift of prophecy and the
revelation of his identity with the hero of the
lions' den came upon the unsuspecting Daniel
II like a flash. For nine years he had aband-
oned the practice of medicine to take up the
more lucrative business of faith healing and the
easting out of unclean spirits, for this purpose
traveling all over the continent.

While passing near Hamilton, Ontario, recent-
ly he fell into a deep trance, he declares. Be-
fore his eyes stretched a great valley. At the
same time his sight attained a remarkable per-
spicuity and he gazed with eagle glance over the
entire Continent of North America and saw the
world as it had been in the days of the cave men,
before even the Indian had seen the prairies.

Simultaneously the seer heard a voice proclaim
in his ear that he was Daniel, reincarnated to
proclaim the truth to the world. Awakening,
Dr. Gentry hastened back to Chicago and sum-
moned his followers.

In his glimp.se of the world as it used to be
Daniel discovered that the deep waterway from
the lakes to the Gulf indeed had been once an
established fact, and he sat immediately about
to discover how the change had come about.
Naturally he turned first to the book which he
had written in those far-distant times when he
had witnessed to the truth before the King of
Babylon, and there he found the secret revealed.

Earth Thrown Off Balance.

According to the prophet the earth was thrown
off its balance at the time of the crucifixion, and
in the nineteen centuries which have elapsed it
has been wandering on its misguided way, ac-
cumulating snow and ice, formerly unknown, and
incidentally disrupting the internal navigation
system of North America. As a conclusive proof
of his statement, Dr. Gentry points to the fact
that the magnetic pole is several hundred miles,
from the North Pole, and also that investigation
has proved that the polar regions formerly were
within the tropical zone.

This state of things is all going to be altered
very shortly, he says, but the manner in which
the change will occur promises small comfort to
Americans. The new prophet essentially is a
man of wrath and his prophecies teem with de-
nunciations and calamities.

When the change comes, he says. Lake Erie
will disappear and Lake Michigan will arise
and .sweep Chicago out of existence. At the same

time all the cities of the Atlantic Coasf will be
inundated, he says. In order to avoid any un-
fairness in his distribution of calamities, Daniel
II has provided earthquakes for the destruction
of all the great cities of the interior, and with
disregard for figures declares that "incalculable
billions of people" will be destroyed.

Unlike Dowie, Dr. Gentry has no intention of
building a new Zion. Those who believe in him,
he claims, will be caught up out of the general
devastation and conveyed to Jerusalem. He ap-
parently is not concerned about what wall hap-
pen in the rest of the world apart from North
America and Palestine. — St. Louis Republic.

SCIENTIST EXPOSES "MIRACLE'

Blood of St. Gennaro, Revered in Rome, Liquefied
Every Year by Churchmen.

Rome. — An intei-esting experiment was con-
ducted at the People's Palace here recently,
when Sig. Giacci gave a visible, and comprehen-
sive demonstration of the yearly "miracle" of
the liquefying of the blood of St. Gennaro, which
is kept in a phial in the church of St. Gennaro
at Naples. Sig. Giacci explained and showed
that this change was effected by the use of a
chemical combination, known to the ancients for
the preservation of blood, and that blood treated
with it liquefies at a certain temperature. Sig.
Giacci performed his experiments with calf's
blood, adding thereto substances the nature of
which he did not reveal. He will make a scien-
tific communication in the matter. — Chicago
Tribune.

WHY SAM JONES WAS A CLOWN

It Was What the People Wanted and Paid $500
a Night For.

Apropos of the death of Sam Jones, the
evangelist, a Boston minister tells the following
story of one of Jones's meetings in the People's
Temple.

"I sat on the platform next to a Methodist
Bishop," he says in the Boston Transcript.
"That night Jones wanted to preach the Gospel.

"He took a text, told the story of the context,-
called attention to a shade of meaning brought
out in the Revised Version and talked twenty
minutes in a scholarly, dignified way. The
Bishop was bored.

"Then Jones stepped out beside the pulpit
and with his little, cackling laugh, said: 'Huh!
Old Brother Goody-goody ! '

"The Bishop pricked up his ears, and so did
the congregation.

"Jones raised his voice two notes, and said
merrily, 'Old Sister Goody-goody!'

"The Bishop sat up and smiled. So did the
people.

" 'All the little goody-goodies!'

"The Bishop turned to me and grinned. He
had got what he had come for. So had the rest
of them. From then to the end it was ragtime,

THE PANDEX

243

nonsense and slang for the syncopated notes, and
here and there a measure or two of Gospel.

"At the end I got out without meeting Jones
again, but I was not missed. The Bishop had
him by the hand congratulating him, and the
audience was surging around the platform as in
the days when men displayed with pride 'the
hand that shook the hand of Sullivan.'

"Jones had elements of genuine humor. Per-
sonally he was a man of considerable culture.
He talked in a smooth. Southern voice, and in
conversation impressed you as a gentleman.

"And he could preach a sermon as reverent
and conventional and dull as any of us. There
was method in his madness. He believed that
the people wanted slang and nonsense, and he
gave them what they wanted, and some things
between which they did not want, or thought
they did not want.

"He was an independent preacher; he could
afford to be so, for he got $500 for an evening
of slang and could afford to tell the local clergy
who had to get on with cranky people all the

year that they would not be in hell ten minutes
till the devil would have them saddled and
bridled and would ride them over the place." —
New York Sun.

SAVING SOULS AT 101

"Mother" Parker Missionary Among Hawaiians
for Sixty-five Years.

Honolulu. — A remarkable case of. longevity
was celebrated here recently when "Mother"
Parker, one of the first missionaries to the islands,
became 101 years of age. Her mind is still very
active and bright considering her extreme age,
and her health is in some respects better than it
was some years ago.

She was born in Branford, Conn., December
10, 1805, and came to these islands in 1833 with
her husband. Both were missionaries. She has
lived in Hawaii seventy-three years and been a
missionary sixty-five years among the native
Hawaiians. — New York Herald.

THE SEPARATION ACT.

FULL TEXT OF THE NOW FAMOUS MEASURE WHICH HAS RAISED

SUCH A STORM OF RELIGIOUS CONTROVERSY IN

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

CHAPTER I.
Principles.

Article 1. — The Republic assures liberty of con-
science. It guarantees freedom of worship, sub-
ject only to the restrictions hereinafter imposed
in the interest of public order.

Article 2. — The Republic does not recognize or
support by salaries or subsidies any religion.
Consequently, from the first of January next fol-
lowing the promulgation of the present law there
will be stricken from the budgets of the state, of
departments, and of communes all appropriations
relating to religious worship. There may never-
theless be included in such budget appropriations
for chaplains, designed to assure freedom of wor-
ship in public establishments, such as lycees, col-
leges, schools, hospitals, asylums, and prisons.

The public religious establishments are sup-
pressed except as provided in Article 3.

CHAPTER II.
Assignment of Property — Pensions.
Article 3. — The establishments of which the
suppression is declared by Article 2 will con-

tinue provisionally to exercise their functions
conformably to the regulations now in force until
the assignment of their property to associations
for which provision is made by Chapter IV, and
at the latest until the expiration of the period
hereinafter named.

Upon the promulgation of the present law the
agents of the Department of the Public Domain
shall draw up an inventory describing and ap-
praising :

1. The property, real and personal, of the
said establishments.

2. The property of the state, of the depart-
ments, and of the communes, the use of which
has been enjoyed by the same establishments.

This double inventory shall be drawn up in the
presence of the legal representatives of the ec-
clesiastical establishments, or those duly cited by
notification in administrative form.

The agents charged with the inventory shall
have the right to demand the production of deeds
and documents necessary for their work.

Article 4. — Within a year from the promulga-
tion of the present law the property, real and
pereonal, of the menses (endowments'), vestry-

344

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men, presbyteral councils, consistories, and other
establishments of public worship, subject to all
charges and obligations with which they are in-
cumbered and to all special interests with which
they are affected, shall be transferred by the
legal representatives of these establishments to
the associations which, conforming to the regula-
tions of the general organization of the religious
worship of which they propose to assure the ex-
ercise, shall be legally foi-med according to the
provisions of Article 19 for the observance of
that religion in the districts wherein the said
establishments are situated.

Article 5. — Property of state origin designated
in the preceding article which is not incumbered
with the conditions of a pious foundation created
subsequent to the law of the eighteenth germinal
year X, shall revert to the state.

The assignment of property shall not be made
by the ecclesiastical establishments until one
month after the promulgation of the public
administrative regulation provided for in Article
43. The annulment of assignments made in vio-
lation of this provision may be demanded before
the Civil Court by any party in interest or by the
public prosecuting officer.

In ease of the alienation by the religious asso-
ciation of personal or real property constituting
part of the patrimony of the establishment dis-
solved, the amount produced by the sale shall
be invested in registered securities or according
to the provisions of Paragraph 2 of Article 22.

The purchaser of the property thus alienated
shall be personally responsible for the observ-
ance of this regulation in the investment.

Property reclaimed by the state, by depart-
ments, or by communes shall not be alienated,
converted, or changed until the reclamation has
been adjudicated by competent tribunals.

Article 6. — The associations to which shall
be assigned the property of the suppressed eccle-
siastical establishments shall be responsible for
the debts of those establishments, as also for
loan contracted by them subject to the provisions
of the third paragraph of the present article;
until they have discharged these liabilities they
shall not enjoy the right of the revenues pro-
duced by the property, which are to be turned
over to the state by virtue of Article 5.

The gross revenue of the said property re-
mains pledged to the payment of the balance of
the regular and lawful debts of the suppressed
public establishment, when no association for
worship shall be formed qualified to take over
the patrimony of the establishment.

The interest charge for loans contracted for
expenses relating to religious buildings shall be
borne by the associations in proportion to the
time during which they have enjoyed the use of
these buildings under the provision of Chapter 3.
In case the state, the departments, or the com-
munes shall re-enter into possession of those of
these edifices of which they are proprietors they
shall be responsible for debts regularly con-
tracted an^ attaching to said edifices.

Article 7. — Property, real and personal, af-
fected with a charitable use or any other interest
foreign to religious worship shall be assigned by
the legal representatives of the ecclesiastical es-
tablishments to public services or establishments
of public utility, the object of which is of a like
nature to that of the said foundations. The as-
signment must be approved by the prefect of the
department where the ecclesiastical establish-
ment is situated. In case of non-approval it
shall be ratified by decree of the Council of
State.

Any action for re-entry or reclamation must
be taken within six months, beginning with the
day on which the prefect's decree or the decree
approving the assignment shall be inserted in the
Journal Officiel. Such action can be instituted
only in respect to donations or legacies, and only
by the donors or their heirs in direct line.

Article 8. — Should an ecclesiastical establish-
ment fail within the period fixed by Article 4 to
proceed to the above prescribed assignment, it
shall be made by decree.

At the expiration of the said period the prop-
erty to be assigned shall be, until its assignment,
placed in sequestration.

In case property assigned by virtue of Article
4 and of paragraph 1 of the present article shall
be either at once or subsequently claimed by sev-
eral associations formed for the exercise of the
same religion, the assignment which shall have
been made by the representatives of the estab-
lishment or by decree may be contested before
the Council of State sitting as a court, which
shall give its decision having in view all the cir-
cumstances of fact.

The application shall be made before the
Council of State within a year from the date of
the decree, or of the notification to the prefecture
by the legal representatives of the public estab-
lishments of the religion in question of the as-
signment affected by them. Such notification
must be made within one month.

The assignment may be subsequently contested
in case of a division in the association possessing
the property, of the creation of a new associa-
tion in consequence of any alteration in the terri-
tory of the ecclesiastical district, and in a case
where the assignee association is no longer in a
position to fulfill its object.

Article 9.— In default of the formation of any
association to take over the property of a public
religious establishment the property shall be
assigned by decree to the communal establish-
ments for poor relief or public charity situated
within the territorial limits of the ecclesiastical
district concerned.

In case of the dissolution of an association,
property which shall have devolved upon it in
pursuance of Articles 4 and 8 shall be assigned
by decree rendered by the Council of State either
to similar associations in the same district or, in
default thereof, in the nearest neighboring dis-
tricts, or to establishments indicated in the first
paragraph of the present article.

THE PANDEX

245

All actions for re-entry or reclamation must
be begun within six months from the day when
the decree shall have been inserted in the Journal
Offleiel. Such action may be instituted only in
respect of gifts and legacies and only by the
donors or their heirs in direct line.

Article 10. — Assignments provided for by the
preceding articles shall be exempt from all treas-
ury fees.

Article 11. — Ministers of religion who at the
time of the promulgation of the present law
shall have completed their sixtieth year, and who
for at least thirty years shall have exercised
ecclesiastical functions remunerated by the
state, shall receive an annual pension for life
equal to three-quarters of their salaries.

Those who shall be above the age of forty-five
years, and who during twenty years at least shall
have exercised ecclesiastical functions remuner-
ated by the state, shall receive an annual pension
for life equal to half of their salaries.

Pensions granted by the two preceding para-
graphs shall not exceed 1500 francs.

In case of the decease of the beneficiaries these
pensions shall accrue to the extent of one-half of
their amount to the profit of the widow and of
the minor orphans left by the deceased, and up
to one-quarter of the amount to the profit of the
widow without minor children. Upon the or-
phans attaining their majority their pension shall
cease and determine.

Ministers of religion now receiving a salary
from the state, to whom the conditions above
described shall not apply, shall receive during a
period of four years following the suppression of
the appropriation for public worship an allow-
ance equal to the full sum of their salary for the
first year, to two-thirds thereof for the second,
to one-half for the third, and to one-third for
the fourth.

However, in communes of less than one thou-
sand inhabitants, and for ministers of religion
who shall continue there to exercise their func-
tions, the duration of each of the four periods
above indicated shall be doubled.

The departments and communes may, under
the same conditions as the state, grant to minis-
ters of religion now receiving salaries from them
pensions or allowances established upon the same
basis, and for an equal period of time.

These provisions shall not affect rights to pen-
sions acquired under previous legislation, or to
assistance accorded either to former- ministers of
the different religions or to their families.

The pensions for which provision is made in
the first two paragraphs of this article shall not
be in addition to any other pension or any other
stipend allowed under whatsoever title by the
state, the departments, or the communes.

The law of the 27th of June, 1885, relative to
the personnel of suppressed faculties of Catholic
theology, is applicable to professors, lecturers,
readers, and students of the faculties of Protest-
ant theology.

The pensions and the allowances above pro-
vided for shall not be transferable and are ex-
empt from attachment under the same condi-
tions as civil pensions. They shall cease and
determine in case of condemnation to penal servi-
tude or degrading punishment, or in case of con-
demnation for one of the offenses indicated in
Articles 34 and 35 of the present law.

Loss of French citizenship shall act, during
the period of such loss, as a bar to the obtaining
or to the enjoyment of a pension or allowance.

Applications for pensions will be barred if not
made within one year from the promulgation of
this law.

CHAPTER III.

Edifices for Public Worship.

Article 12.- — Buildings which have been put at
the disposal of the nation and which, by virtue
of the law of the eiarhteenth germinal year X,
serve for purposes of public worship or for the
residences of ministers of religion (cathedrals,
churches, chapels, temples, synagogues, houses of
archbishops and of bishops, presbyteries, semi-
naries), with the outbuildings pertaining to them,
and the furniture and objects therein contained
at the time the said edifices were reconveyed for
religious use, are and remain property of the
state, of the departments, and of the communes.

In respect to these edifices, as well as to those
of later date than the law of the eighteenth ger-
minal year X, of which the state, the depart-
ments, and the communes are the proprietors, as
well as in respect to faculties of Protestant the-
ology, the proceeding shall conform to the pro-
visions of the following articles :

Article 13. — Buildings used for purposes of
public worship, with their furniture and equip-
ments, shall be put free of charge at the disposal
of public religious establishments, and thereaf-
ter of the associations summoned to succeed
them, to which the property of these establish-
ments shall be assigned according to the provi-
sions of Chapter II.

The cessation of this right of use and, if occa-
sion arises, its transfer shall be pronounced by
decree without right of appeal to the Council of
State in its judicial capacity:

1. If the beneficiary association is dissolved.

2. If, save for reasons of compelling neces-
sity, religious worship shall cease to be cele-
brated during six consecutive months.

3. If the preservation of the building or that
of the movable objects listed under the law of
1887 and of Article 16 of the present law, is im-
periled by inadequate care and maintenance, and
after an order of the Municipal Council, or, in
default of that, of the prefect, has been duly
served.

4. If the association ceases to fulfill its object
or if the buildings are diverted from their pre-
scribed use.

246

THE PANDEX

5. If it fails of compliance with either the
provisions of Article 6 or of the last paragraph
of the present article, or with the enactments
relating to historic monuments.

The secularization of these buildings may in
the aforesaid cases be proclaimed by decree of
the Council of State; in all other cases seculari-
zation may be proclaimed only by law.

Buildings formerly dedicated to religious use,
in which ceremonies of public worship have not
been observed for a year anterior to the present
law, as well as those which have not been re-
claimed by an association for religious worship
within two years after its promulgation, may be
secularized by decree.

This provision shall apply to those buildings
of which the secularization shall have been ap-
plied for prior to the 1st of June, 1905.

Public religious establishments, and afterward
the beneficiary associations, shall be held respon-
sible for repairs of all kinds as well as for the
cost of insurance and other charges pertaining to
the buildings and to the furniture and equip-
ments.

Article 14. — Houses of archbishops, and bish-
ops, presbyteries, and their appurtenances, the
Catholic theological seminaries, and faculties of
Protestant theology, shall be left to the gratui-
tous use of the. public religious establishments,
and thereafter of the associations for which pro-
vision is made in Article 13, as here provided :
The houses of archbishops and of bishops during
a period of two years; the presbyteries in the
communes where the minister of religion shall
reside, the Catholic theological seminaries, and
faculties of Protestant theology, during a period
of five years dating from the promulgation of the
present law.

The establishments and associations are sub-
ject in all that concerns these edifices to the pro-
visions of the last paragraph of Article 13. They
shall not, however, be held responsible for struc-
tural repairs.

The enjoyment of this right of occupation by
the establishment and associations shall be ter-
minated under the conditions and according to
the forms prescribed in Article 13. The provis-
ions of paragraphs 3 and 5 of the same article
are applicable to the buildings designated by
paragraph 1 of the present article.

The diversion to a public use of portions of
the presbyteries not necessary for the associa-
tions for religious worship occupying them may,
within the period provided for in the first para-
graph, be proclaimed by a decree of the Council
of State.

At the expiration of the periods of gratuitous
occupation the right of disposal of the buildings
shall revert to the state, to the departments, and
to the commune.

The cost of domiciles now defrayed by com-
munes having no presbyteries, under provisions
of Article 136 of the law of the 5th of April,
1884, shall continue to be borne by them during
a period of five years; upon the dissolution of
the association this charge shall cease irrevoc-
ablv.

Article 15. — In the Departments of Savoie, of
Haute-Savoie, and of the Alpes-Maritimes the
right to occupy edifices which date from a time
prior to the law of the eighteenth germinal year
X, serving for religious worship and the lodging
of ministers, shall be assigned by the communes
within which they are situated to the associations
for religious worship under' the conditions indi-
cated in Article 12, and in accordance with the
present law ; apart from these obligations the
communes may freely dispose of the right of
ownership in these buildings.

In these departments the cemeteries shall re-
main the property of the communes.

Article 16. — A complementary list of the
buildings serving for public religious worship
(cathedrals, churches, chapels, temples, syna-
gogues, houses of archbishops and bishops, pres-
byteries, seminaries) shall be prepared, in which
shall be included all of these edifices as embody,
in whole or in part, an artistic or historic value.

Articles of furniture or buildings designated in
Article 13 which have not yet been entered upon
a list drawn up as prescribed by the law of the
30th of March, 1887, are by the effect of the
present law added to said list. The Minister of
Public Instruction and the Pine Arts shall pre-
pare within a period of three years a definitive
cla.ssifled list of these objects, the preservation of
which presents from the point of view of history
or of art a sufficient interest. At the expiration
of this period the other objects shall be stricken
from the list.

All other classes of buildings and furniture as-
signed in virtue of the present law to the asso-
ciations may be listed under the same conditions
as if they belonged to the public establishments.

Other provisions of the law of the 30th of
March, 1887, shall remain in force.

The ecclesiastical archives and libraries in the
houses of archbishops and bishops. Catholic theo-
logical seminaries, parishes, chapels, and their
dependencies shall be inventoried, and those
which are recognized to be the property of the
state shall be restored to it.

Article 17. — Buildings classified according to
the provisions of the law of the 30th of March,
1887, or of the present law, are inalienable and
imprescriptible.

In the case where the sale or exchange of a
listed object shall be authorized by the Minister
of Public Instruction and the Fine Arts, a right
of pre-emption is accorded : (1) to the associa-
tions for worship; (2) to the communes; (3) to
the departments; (4) to museums and societies
of art and archaeology; (5) to the state. The
price shall be fixed by three experts designated
by the vendor, the purchaser, and the president
of the civil tribunal.

If the right of pre-emption is not exercised by
any of the purchasers indicated above the sale
shall be public, but the purchaser of a listed
object is forbidden to transport it out of France.

No work of repair, restoration, or maintenance
required for monuments or listed movable objects
may be commenced without the authorization of
the Minister of Fine Arts, nor executed save

THE PANDEX

247

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248

THE PANDEX

under the supervision of his administration; pro-
prietors, occupants, or possessors who shall order
work done in violation of this provision shall be
subject to a fine of from 16 to 1500 francs.

Every violation of the above provisions, as well
as of the provisions of Article 16 of the present
law, and of Articles 4, 10, 11, 12, and 13 of the
law of the 30th of March, 1887, shall be pun-
ished by a fine of from 100 to 10,000 francs, and
by imprisonment of from six days to three
months, or by either of these penalties sepa-
rately.

The buildings and the listed movable objects
shall be freely open to fhe visits and inspection
of the public without charge or fee.

CHAPTER IV.

Associations for Beligious Worship.

Article 18. — The associations formed to pro-
vide for the cost and maintenance of public re-
ligious worship must be constituted in accord-
ance with Article 5 and the following articles of
the first chapter of the law of July 1, 1901. They
shall, furthermore, be subject to the provisions of
the present law.

Article 19. — These associations shall have- re-
ligious worship for their exclusive object, and
shall be composed at least :

In communes of less than 1000 inhabitants, of
7 persons.

In communes of 1000 to 2000 inhabitants, of 15
persons.

In communes of which the number of inhab-
itants is above 20,000, of 25 adult persons domi-
ciled or residing in the parish.

Any of their members may at any time retire
upon payment of assessments due and of those of
the current year, notwithstanding any clause to
the contrary.

Notwithstanding any clause of the statutes to
the contrary, acts of financial and legal admin-
istration of the property by the directors or ad-
ministrators shall be at least once a year pre-
sented for audit and examination to the general
assembly of the members of the association, and
submitted to its approval.

The associations may receive, in addition to
the assessments provided by Article 6 of the law
of the 1st of July, 1901, the proceeds of collec-
tions and offerings for the expense of worship,
and may receive payments: For religious cere-
monies and services, even by endowment; for the
rental of pews and seats; for the furnishing of
objects destined for funeral services in religious
buildings, and for the decoration of such build-
ings.

They may pay o»'er the surplus of their receipts
to other associations constituted for the same
purpose, and such transfers shall be exempt from
fees and dues.

They shall not, under any form whatsoever,
receive subsidies from the state, from the depart-
ments, or from the communes. Sums allowed for
the repairs of registered monuments are not con-
sidered as subsidies.
Article 20. — These associations may under the

forms prescribed in Article 7 of the decree of
August 16, 1901, form unions having a central
administration or direction; these unions shall
be subject to the regulations prescribed by Arti-
cle 18 and by the last five paragraphs of Article
19 of th^ present law.

Article 21. — The associations and their unions
shall keep an account of their receipts and ex-
penditures; they shall each year draw up a finan-
cial statement for the past year and prepare an
inventory of their property, real and personal.

The inspection and auditing of the financial
accounts of the associations and unions shall
devolve upon the Department of Internal Reve-
nue and the Inspectorate General of Finance.

Article 22. — Associations and unions may em-
ploy their available resources for the establish-
ment of a reserve fund sufficient to insure the
cost and maintenance of worship, which fund
shall in no case be diverted to other purposes;
the amount of this reserve in the case of unions
and associations having more than 5000 francs of
revenue shall not exceed three times, and for
other associations six times, the average amount
annually expended by each of them during the
five preceding years for the expense of public
worship.

Independent of this reserve, which must be
invested in registered securities, they may estab-
lish a special reserve, the funds of which must
be deposited in money or in registered securities
in a government bank of deposit to be employed
exclusively, interest thereon included, for the
provision, the construction, the decoration, or the
repairs of buildings or furnishings for the use of
the association or the union.

Article 23. — The directors or administrators of
an association or of a union who shall have vio-
lated Articles 18, 19, 20, 21, and 22 shall be pun-
ished by a fine of from 16 francs to 200 francs,
and for a second offense by a fine double these
amounts.

The courts may, in case of a violation of the
first paragraph of Article 22, condemn the asso-
ciation or the union to pay over any ascertained
excess of the communal establishments of poor
relief or charity.

They may, furthermore, in all cases coming
under the provisions of the first paragraph of the
present article, decree the dissolution of the asso-
ciation or the union.

Article 24. — Buildings set apart for public
worship which belong to the state, to the depart-
ments, or to the communes, shall continue to be
exempt from the realty tax and from the door
and window tax.

Edifices serving as residences of ministers of
religion, seminaries, and the faculties of Protest-
ant theological institutions belonging to the
state, to the departments, or to the communes,
and property belonging to the associations and
unions are subject to the same imposts as those of
private individuals.

The associations and unions are not in any
case subject to the special corporation tax, nor
to those imposed on clubs by Article 33 of the
law of August 8, 1890, nor to the income tax of

THE PANDEX

249

four per cent imposed by the laws of December
28, 1880, and December 29, 1884.

CHAPTER V.
Public Worship Regulations.

Article 25. — Meetings for public worship held
in places belonging to an association for religious
worship or put at its disposal are public. They
are relieved from the formalities prescribed in
Article 8 of the law of June 30, 1881, but remain
subject to the supervision of the authorities in
the interest of public order. They may take
place only after a declaration made according to
the forms prescribed by Article 2 of the same
law indicating the place in which they are to be
held.

A single declaration suffices for all the regular,
stated, or special meetings which shall be held
during the year.

Article 26. — It is forbidden to hold political
meetings in places regularly used for public wor-
ship.

Article 27. — Ceremonies, processions, and other
outdoor observances of religion shall continue to
be regulated in confonnity to Articles 95 and 97
of the municipal law of the 5th of April, 1884.

The ringing of church bells shall be regulated
by municipal decree, and in case of disagreement
between the mayor and the president or director
of the association for religious worship, by decree
of the prefect.

The public administrative regulation prescribed
by Article 43 of the present law shall determine
the conditions and the cases in which the ringing
of bells upon civil occasions may take place.

Article 28. — It is forbidden in future to erect
or affi.x any religious sign or emblem upon public
monuments, or in any public place whatever, with
the exception of the edifices set apart for relig-
ious worship, burial grounds in the cemeteries,
monuments of the dead, museums, and exposi-
tions.

Article 29. — Violations of the preceding arti-
cles are punished by simple police penalties.
Subject to these penalties, also, in cases covered
by Articles 25, 26, and 27, are those who have
organized the meeting or demonstration, those
who have participated in it as ministers of re-
ligion, and, in the case of Articles 25 and 26,
those who have furnished the place of meeting.

Article 30. — In conformity with the provisions
of Article 2 of the law of the 28th of March,
1882, religious teaching may be given to children
between the ages of six and thirteen years regis-
tered in the public schools only outside of school
hours. ' «|

The provisions of Article 14 of the law above
cited shall be applied to ministers of religion who
infringe this prohibition.

Article 31.— A fine of from 16 francs to 200
francs and imprisonment for from six days to
two months, or either of these penalties sepa-
rately, shall be inflicted upon those who by as-
sault, violence, or threats against an individual,
either in causing him to fear the loss of his em-
ployment, or of exposing himself to injury in his
person, his family, or his fortune, shall have de-

termined such person to exercise or to abstain
from exercising rights of religious worship, to
join or to cease to be a member of any associa-
tion for religious worship, to contribute or to re-
frain from contributing for the maintenance of a
religion.

Article 32. — The same penalties shall be in-
flicted upon those who shall have prevented, de-
layed, or interrupted religious worship by disor-
derly conduct in the place used for the services.

Article 33. — The provisions of the two preced-
ing articles shall apply only to disorders, vio-
lence, or assaults not of a nature to call for
severer penalties under the provisions of the
Penal Code.

Article 34. — Every minister of religion who in
the place where religious services are held, bj
spoken discourse, by readings, by writings dis-
tributed, or by placards posted up, shall have in-
sulted or defamed any citizen charged with a
public duty shall be punished by a fine of from
500 francs to 3000 francs and by imprisonment
for from a month to one year, or by either of
these penalties separately.

The fact of the defamation, but only when n
relates to official functions, may be establisheu
before the correctional tribunal under the forms
prescribed by Article 52 of the law of the 29th
of July, 1881. The provisions of Article 65 of
the same law apply to offenses under the present
and the following article.

Article 35. — If a speech, discourse, or a writ-
ing posted up or distributed publicly in places
where religious services are held shall contain a
direct provocation to resist the execution of the
laws or the lawful acts of public authority, or
if it shall tend to raise up or arm a part of the
people against the others, the minister of religion
who shall be found guilty shall be punished by
an imprisonment of from three months to two
years, without prejudice to the penalties incurred
for complicity in case the provocation shall have
been followed by sedition, revolt, or civil war.

Article 36. — In case of condemnation by the
minor police courts or by the correctional courts
under the provisions of Articles 25, 26, 34, and
35, the association established for religious wor-
ship in the building where the offense has been
committed shall be held civilly responsible.

CHAPTER VI.
General Regulations.

Article 37.— Article 463 of the Penal Code and
the law of March 26, 1891, are applicable to all
cases in which the present law imposes penalties.

Article 38. — The religious congregations re-
main subject to the laws of the 1st of July, 1901 ;
the 4th of December, 1902, and the 7th of July,
1904.

Article 39. — Young men who as theological
students have secured the exemption provided by
Article 23 of the law of July 15, 1889, shall con-
tinue to benefit thereby conformably to Article
99 of the law of the 21st of March, 1905, upon
condition that at the age of twenty-six years
they shall have obtained employment as a minis-

250

THE PANDEX

ter of religion and be paid by an association for
religious worship, subject to conditions which
shall be imposed by a public administrative regu-
lation.

Article 40. — During eight years, beginning with

the promulgation of the present law, ministers

of religion shall be ineligible to membership in

the municipal council of the communes where

■ they exercise their religious functions.

Article 41. — The sums made available each
year by the suppression of the budget of religious
worship shall be divided among the communes in
proportion to the quota of the tax on unim-
proved lands, which shall have been assessed
upon them during the year preceding the promul-
gation of the present law.

Article 42. — Provisions of law, relative to the
existing public holidays, shall remain in force.

Article 43. — A public administrative regula-
tion, to be drawn up within three months after
the promulgation of the present law, will pre-
scribe the measures proper to assure its enforce-
ment. The conditions in which the present law
shall be applicable to Algeria and the colonies
will be determined by public administrative regu-
lations.

Article 44. — Are and remain abrogated all en-
actments relative to the public organization of

religions previously recognized by the state, as
well as all enactments contrary to the present
law, and notably:

1. The law of the eighteenth germinal year X,
providing that the convention ratified the 26th
messidor, year 9, between the Pope and the
French Government, all the organic articles of
the said convention, and of the Protestant de-
nominations, should be executed as laws of the
republic.

2. The decree of the 26th of March, 1852, and
the law of the 1st of August, 1879, concerning
the Protestant demominations,

3. The decrees of the 17th of March, 1808;
the law of the 8th of February, 1831. and the
ordinance of May 25, 1844, concerning the Jew-
ish religion.

4. The decrees of the 26th of December, 1812,
and of the 19th of March, 1859.

5. The Articles 201 to 208, 260 to 264, and 294
of the Penal Code.

6. The Articles 100 and 101, paragraphs 11
and 12 of Article 136, and Article 167 of the law
of the 5th of April, 1884.

7. The decree of December 30, 1809, and
Article 78 of the law of January 26, 1892. — New
York Times.

THE, PANDEX

251

iW£^^i y

-Adapted from New York American.

THE CRY OF THE JUGGERNAUT.

RELIGIOUS CEREMONY WHICH THEJ FANATICS OF INDIA STILL

ADHERE TO IN SPITE OF ALL EFFORTS OF THE

BRITISH GOVERNMENT TO CHECK IT.

THAT the horrible Hindu practice of
suttee — the voluntary burning to death
of a widow on the funeral pyre of her dead
husband — has not yet been entirely stamped
out by the British Government in India, was
shown in this newspaper last May.

Correspondence from Lucknow gave a graphic
account of the agonizing death in this manner of
the fanatical young widow of Chaudrhi Missir, a
rich merchant of Bombay, wliile a multitude of
adherents to the ancient religion applauded with
shouts of:

"Sati! A good wife! Blessed is Chaudrhi
Missir ! " -

Now comes in the latest mail from Calcutta
the news, illustrated by photographs, that the
English officials are equally powerles^s to wholly
end the sacrifice of human lives to that even

more revolting Hindu religious practice of which
the great Carof Juggernaut is the sjfmbol.

The cumbersome car, having sixteen wheels,
weighing a score of tons and carrying a revolting
image of Vishnu, the ' ' Lord of the World, ' ' still
rolls over the roads between city and temple on
thirteen festal days in each year, and in spite
of all the vigilance of British officials its Wheels
crush out the lives of human devotees.

At the latest of these Juggernaut Festivals,
held in Serampore, no fewer than thirty fanatics
deliberately cast themselves beneath the wheels,
which left a bloody trail, even as in the old days
before British rule.

Thirty Crushed by Juggernaut.

It was a strange accident — regarded in the
light of a miracle — which so excited Hindu de-
votees that the authorities present were unable
to prevent their self-sacrifice to Juggernaut.

The British magistrate ,was present to see that
the law was obeyed, demanding the instant stop-
ping of the car when any fanatic threw himself

252

THE PANDEX

in its path. It was raining: and the road was
slippery. Just as the pistol shot was fired per-
mitting the car to start, the magistrate slipped
and fell in front of the car, which passed entirely
over him before it could be stopped.

To the amazement of the "natives," the mag-
istrate picked himself up unhurt ! He had had
the presence of mind to roll between the wheels,
and the body of the car was high enough from
the ground to do him no injury.

For a moment there was dead silence in the
multitude, then a great shout went up:

"The Lord of the World disdains the infidel.
Only the faithful will he accept ! ' '

Contrary to the magistrate's orders the car
was started again. A fanatic, crazed with joy
over Juggernaut's disdain of the hated English
officer, threw himself under a front wheel of
the heavy car, shrieking:

' ' 0 Lord of the World, roll over me ! "

There was a crunching of flesh and bones, and
the devotee was a nameless thing of blood and
dust in the car's wake.

Before the authorities could check the car's
progress thirty of the multitude had met, eagerly,
a like fate.

Worshiped for a Thousand Years.

At Serampore, only a few miles up the Hooghly
from Calcutta, there is a gigantic temple dedi-
cated to the great god Juggernaut. Here the god
— a mere abortive log of wood, without even a
semblance of arms or legs — sits in state with his
brother Balbhadra and his sister Subhadra —
likewise crude lumps of timber of enormous an-
tiquity, for the Lord of the World has been
worshiped here for a thousand years, and his
priests are numbered by tens of thousands all
over Hindustan, from the stupendous range of
the Himalays down almost to the coral strands
of Ceylon.

We have all read in our school books of the
bloody wake of the Juggernaut Car — how the
ponderous wheels left a trail of writhing and
mangled corpses for many miles, and how India 's
millions, men, women and children, counted it
the highest honor to have their wretched lives
ground out of them by the ' ' God in the Car. ' '

The Juggernaut Festival, however, was one of
the first things upon which an austere British
Government put its ban, and ever since the great
Indian mutiny of 1857 the Serampore people, as
well as other cities sacred to the god, have been
required to give due notice of a Car Festival, in
order that the British police magistrates and
other officials may be present to prevent the ap-
palling sacrifice of human life which formerly
marked these processions.

There is not in all the world a spectacle more
opulent and gorgeous than that of the Jugger-
naut procession in Serampore. Picture to your-
self a vast horde of Hindus of all castes, from
princely maharajahs on state elephants, draped
with cloth of gold, down to the humblest half-
starving peasant, who will offer up his all before
the sinister shrine of the god and come away in

beggary, so that he probably perishes by the
wayside.

The air is riven with throbbing drums and
screaming pipes, and the eyes blinded with rain-
bow colors, while nostrils and eyes are clogged
with pungent dust raised by millions of feet —
feet of pilgrims and elephants, state camels and
prancing Arab horses, bullocks and water buf-
faloes.

Details of the Ceremony.

A movement in the Great Wheel of Vishnu, in
the temple top, tells that the high priest is about
to bring forth the trinity of gods. Amid deafen-
ing acclamations you see the three misshapen
logs grotesquely streaked with white to repre-
sent features, brought forth on thrones of gold.
Before them go high dignitaries with vast fans
of peacock feathers. The cortege moves toward
a high dais, and here the idols are invested* with
a panoply of scarlet and gold. They are cere-
moniously washed in water from the Holy
Ganges, and offerings are literally showered —
not at their feet, for they have none, but by the
side of their pendent arms of solid gold, which
are hooked on at this stage of the proceedings by
the high priest himself.

After the bathing ceremony and the general
adoration of the vast multitude, great Juggernaut,
with Balbhadra and Subhadra are somewhat un-
ceremoniously hauled up into the towering cars.
Some of these are of enormous antiquity and re-
semble nothing so much as immense temples on
wheels. One of them is nearly sixty feet high,
and rests upon sixteen enormous wheels, each
of them nearly eight feet high, and apparently
hewn from a mighty tree many ages ago. For
this gorgeous, barbaric ceremony has gone on
without a break for seven centuries.

Tier above tier the great cars rise. There are
bands of savage music on the lower balconies.
Suddenly there is excitement among the throngs,
and some of the Thousand Priests of Juggernaut
come forth with bamboo cables and hand these
over to the Hereditary Haulers of the Cars, who
are a sect apart, and live on the fat of the land
during the fortnight fair, or mela.

The cables are quickly hitched to the tri-
umphal cars, and nearly 4000 men attach them-
selves. For, as you might suppose, it is the
privilege of a lifetime to assist in putting the
god in motion as he journeys forth from the
Temple to his country house, three or four miles
away in the tiger-infested jungle.

But suddenly, just as the foremost car rocks
into motion, stern, white-clad figures step for-
ward and address a few words to the priests in
fluent Hindustani. These are the police magis-
trates entrusted with the preservation of order
during the festival. But what can a handful of
white officials do among perhaps a million crazed
fanatics, who are convinced that now they have
washed away in the sacred tanks their past sins,
that they are in the presence of the Master of
Creation, the Lord of the World himself, mighty
Juggernaut, who has the power of life and death
absolutely -over the world's population? — New
York American.

THE PANDEX

253

TO MEET

MISS BRIDGET CALLAHAN,

MRS. HADDER DOOITT

REQUESTS THE PLEASURE OF YOUR COMPANY

THURSDAY AFTERNOON, 4 TILL 6.

SOCIETY'S LATEST:

INTRODUCING

THE COOK.

—Puck

Between Sex and Duty.

STRUGGLE OF WOMEN TO OVERCOME THE RESTRICTIONS OF

CONVENTIONALITY WITHOUT VIOLATING THE GRACES

AND TRADITIONS.— STRIKING EXAMPLES

OF SEX IMPOSTURE.

'■ "■•'{ ;

' k\\ . '■

AS THE sphere of occupation for women erable ehan|?es are being wrofu'ght; th'e sum
expands — which it does with no mean of whose influence is too broad to be cal-
pace in these contemporary times — the con- eulated for some tinjC: yet to come,
flict between the traditional restrictions and

the modern ambitions constantly widens. ^^ RAYLAN'S SEX KNOWN

Old limitations of dress and prejudice are Russian Embassy, Convinced That Consulate
found irksome by increasing numbers of Clerk Was a Woman, Case lIs>. Closed,

worthy women. Old ideals of conduct, even, It is noteworthy that while the changes
are being invaded. Social cukoms a^d or- above mentioned are ,'beiil^' wf ough|;'^Jri the
ganizations are being disrupted, and innum- feminine world, such^,^ striking instaince as

254

THE PANDEX

the following of the obscuration of sex for
the purpose of accomplishing results impos-
sible to the sex under normal conditions
should have occupied public attention. Said
the New York Herald:

Washington, D. C. — Positive proof that
Nicolai De Raylan, the "man-woman," formerly
connected with the Russian Consulate in Chi-
cago, who died at Phoenix, Ariz., recently, was
a woman, has been placed in the hands of the
Russian Embassy here in a packet of letters re-
ceived from the authorities of Phoenix by Baron
Schlippenbach, Russian Consul at Chicago.
These letters reveal a pathetic death-bed scene,
in which De Raylan begged for her "wife" to
attend her after death. Baron Schlippenbach
said, after reading the letters, that he personally
was satisfied that the De Raylan, of Chicago,
and the De Raylan who is buried in Plioenix 'were
one and the same person.

According to medical testimony received to-
day, De Raylan carried the deception of her
dual personality to the brink of the grave.
Even the examinations of the physicians to as-
certain the extent of the disease which ravaged
her lungs failed to reveal her sex. The bones of
the upper body, which are usually flat in the case
of a man and round in women, were found upon
closer examination after death not to have been
pronounced either way.

That De Raylan had long feared a death-bed
discovery, and had provided against it, was shown
conclusively by the last words spoken to her at-
tendants. She told of a promise made with her
"wife" that they should remain separated until
death drew near; that in the event of death ap-
proaching they had promised that if De Raylan
died first the "wife" was "to wash and dress"
the body for burial ; that if the ' ' wife ' ' died
first she had agreed to perform the same office.
As death drew near De Raylan begged that the
"wife" be brought to Phoenix.

In an accompanying letter from the Coroner
of Phoenix it was stated that De Raylan left an
estate in Arizona valued at about $1500, in-
cluding a bank deposit of almost that figure, but
that after all claims are paid little will remain.
Baron Schlippenbach said :

"The De Raylan case is closed. She deceived
me, just as she did many other people. I confess
that at the outset her beardless face and woman-
ly manner caused me some suspicion, but this
wore away as I saw her perform her daily duty in
the Consulate. She was admitted to American
citizenship and appointed a notary public, and
in other ways fortified herself with evidence that
she was a man. Her duty in the Consulate was
faithfully performed.

"As to the charge that De Raylan was an
embezzler of funds of her countrymen, I can
not believe it. I will say, however, that she
for drawing up legal documents that later came
was i)erfectly frank about the charges she made

before the Consul. They were high, and she ad-
mitted that, but it was strictly a private matter
between her and those for whom she did busi-
ness. If they did not want to pay her price they
could have gone elsewhere.

"I will add, however, that such documents as
she drew up were in conformity with the require-
ments, neat and explicit, and were never sent
back from Russia for correction, as occurred
in the case of some documents drawn up by oth-
ers. I do not think there is anything more to
add to the case. There is nothing secret about
it or anything new. I think everything has come
to light that will help explain it."

WIFE BEAT DE RAYLAN

'He' Made Her Jealous to Protect 'His' Secret
and Led Strange Domestic Life.

New York, December 30. — A remarkable story
of the domestic life of Nicholas de Raylan, who
had three 'wives' and when dead was found to
be a woman, is told by the New York World,
which quotes Mrs. Lucy Kwitschoflf, of Paterson,
N. J. For nearly a year she- lived in the De
Raylan household and had ample opportunity to
observe the strange relations existing between
the beautiful Russian girl, who claimed as her
husband the secretary of the Czar's consulate in
Chicago.

Mrs. Kwitschoff was formerly Lucy Ball, and
is the daughter of Mrs. Robert Collinge, who lives
in a cottage on the Little Tails Road, near Pater-
son. Her father, who died recently, was a silk
manufacturer. Eight years ago she married
Kwitschoff, who is of a wealthy Russian family.
In 1902 she obtained a divorce and now supports
her two children by working as a seamstress.

It was in the early part of 1902, after being
compelled to leave her husband, that Mi's. Kwit-
schoff entered the De Raylan home to do fancy
sewing. At that time the De Raylans were living
at 592 California Avenue, Chicago, in prosperous
circumstances. Besides being secretary of the
Russian consulate, De Raylan enjoyed the close
confidence of the consul, Baron Schlippenbach.

Wife Completely Deceived.

"When I read several days ago," said Mrs.
Kwitschoff, yesterday, "of the death at Phenix,
Ariz., of Nicholas de Raylan, the strange circum-
stance of my close relationship with the De Ray-
lans during my year's stay in their home came
over me with a vividness that for a time un-
nerved me. Be he man or woman, there never
was a person whom I respected and admired more
than Nicholas de Raylan. Now that the discos-
ure has been made, it seems queer to me that I
did not myself fathom the mystery of his sex.
But if this individual could completely fool the
women he had married as to his true position in
society, it was not at all strange that I myself
was deceived.

"I am convinced that Mrs. de Raylan never

THE PANDEX

255

knew that her husband was a woman. I enjoyed
her closest confidence for a long time, and when
I look back over the events of the year I was
with them the most astounding thing to me is
the wife's almost insane jealousy of De Raylan.
It was her belief that his neglect of her was due
to his infatuation for other women. She loved
him with a passion that only a Russian woman
can display, and at times she was half crazed to
think that the affection De Raylan should have
lavished on her was showered upon unworthy
rivals.

De Raylan Secured Divorce.

"The Mrs. De Raylan I know was the one from
whom the supposed husband obtained a divorce
in 1903. The papers have said that she got the
decree. This is not true. De Raylan brought the
suit and won it on the ground of cruelty, and I
was a witness of the specific act that proved the
culminating point in their married life. The year
following the divorce De R.aylan married Annie
Davidson, a New York chorus girl, I believe. She
is the one who claimed the body upon his death
from tuberculosis. Of her I know nothing.

"The woman who thought that she was the
wife of the dapper little secretary was one of
the most beautiful I have ever met. She was a
.veritable Juno, magnificently proportioned and
with a wealth of golden hair. As a rule women
do not rave over their kind, but of this girl I
must say she was a splendid creature — one that
any man would be proud to call his wife. When
I became a member of the household I was as
much impressed with the dainty femininity of
the husband as I was with the grand womanly
qualities of the wife.

"Nicholas De Raylan was pretty — that is the
only word that adequately describes him. He
did not weigh over one hundred pounds, he had
fair skin and black, curly hair. His feet and
hands were small, small even for a woman. In
fact, he was the personification of all that was
exquisite — that is all, excepting his habits. In
that regard he was fully a man. He had all the
manly attributes. He drank, he smoked, he
swore, and — sad to relate — he stayed out late o'
nights. This latter habit was the one that got
him in the greatest trouble with his wife.

Never in Public Together.

"I had not been with the De Raylans long be-
fore I noticed that there were some queer things
in their domestic economy. The couple appeared
very loving, but on the husband's part it was
all on the surface. It was not long before Mrs.
de Raylan began to pour her troubles into my
ears. I sympathized with her, of course, but
deep down in my heart I had a feeling for the
husband — a feeling that there was a mystery
about him that caused him to be unhappy. And
then, in the last months of my stay there I began
to feel sorry for him because of the abuse that
his jealous wife heaped upon him.

"One thing that I noticed was that De Raylan
never took his wife out with him. They never

appeared in public together, and Mrs. De Raylan
told me that during their married life they had
never been the companions that husband and
wife usually are. With tears in her eyes, she
one day took me to her husband's room and,
throwing herself on the bed, cried out between
her sobs that in reality she had never been a
wife to the man she loved above all others in the
world.

Strange Ante-Nuptial Pact.

"When her grief had subsided, Mrs. de Ray-
lan confided to me that before the marriage cere-
mony her husband told her that he was a sufferer
from consumption. He compelled her to agree
that she would never incur danger of contracting
the disease by becoming any more than his wife
in name only. Mrs. de Raylan said that even
the knowledge that the man she loved was
doomed to an early death did not deter her from
marrying him. Although De Raylan really did
die of tuberculosis finally, it is quite certain that
he did not have the disease at the time he mar-
ried. Yet it was by constantly impressing upon
his wife the danger of her being infected through
contact with him that he kept her from discover-
ing his secret.

"The room that De Raylan occupied was like
a lady's boudoir. He had a dresser upon which
were all the accessories dear to the feminine
heart. His underclothing was of dainty material,
generally in blue and pale pink colors. In dress
he was immaculate. All his clothing was made
by fashionable tailors. He had a nippy little
walk and a soft, gentle voice that was poetry in
itself. As I picture him in my mind's eye I can
not help thinking what a pretty little woman he
would have made if he had dressed the part.
, When I was in the family he was twenty-four
years old; Mrs. de Raylan thirty-four.

Vices Aided in Deception.

"It would seem that the wife would surely,
have discovered the masquerade, yet there was'
one thing which I am sure tended largely to
keep Mrs. de Raylan ignorant of the true staff
of affairs. That was De Raylan 's mode of living.
I myself was sorely puzzled by the evidence
constantly brought to my eyes that the husband
was something of a fake. In fact, his habits
were deplorable. He went the whole gamut of
'wine, women and song' with a vengeance. Mrs.
de Raylan complained bitterly to me that her
husband was in the habit of meeting other
women. 'He will not live with me as his wife,'
she said to me once, 'but he goes out every
night and meets women that are as the ground
beneath my feet. '

"Mrs. de Raylan was the very acme of the
jealous wife. For hours she used to tell me of
her suspicions of her husband's conduct, and she
was always laying traps to catch him in a com-
promising position. On several occasions she

256

THE PANDEX

compelled me to ring up De Raylan at the con-
sulate and pretend that I was a girl seeking
to make an engagement with him, and I would
disguise my voice, give myself a fancy name,
and try to get De Rylan to commit himself.
All the time the wife would be listening with
me at the receiver. His replies were always of
an innocent nature and showed evident aston-
ishment. In thinking the matter over I have
come to the conclusion that much of Dfc Raylan 's
apparent wickedness with other women was for
the purpose of keeping up the deception with his
wife.

"But that De Raylan stayed out late at night,
that he would come home intoxicated, and that he
would swear like a pirate upon occasions there is
no doubt. It was very seldom that he spent an
evening with his wife. His usual time for get-
ting in was around 1 or 2 o'clock in the morning.
Often he would reel up the stairs intoxicated.
Then he would come in for a typical wifely lec-
ture. However, the next day the couple would
be as loving as eVer. He always kissed his wife
good-by, although I noticed that he never was
nearly as affectionate toward her as she was
toward him.

Served in Spanish War.

"Some nights after De Raylan had gone, his
wife would put on her best clothes and go out
herself. She would often say to me that as her
husband would not take her with him she had
to go out once in a while to have a good time
herself. She took delight in leaving the house
upon thfc rare occasions when she knew that lier
husband intended to stay at home. Then he
would come to me and ask me if I knew where
she had gone. He always appeared very anxious
about her.

"While De Raylan was very friendly with
Baron Schlippenbalh and a certain Russian
prince, who was in Chicago at the time, he never
had any male friends other tlian them at the
house. Where he spent his evenings was a mys-
tery to his wife. He was a member of the Chi-
cago Hussars, a showy cavalry company, and
rode a horse like a Cossack. His favorite was
a large black mare, and he made a splendid figure
whenever he got in the saddle. I know that De
Raylan served in the Spanish War as I have seen
documents and medals that proved it. I was
always suspicious that he was connected with
the Russian secret service, and I think it prob-
able that his work in that direction was one of
the reasons for the concealment of the fact that
he was a woman. I also have reasons to believe
that certain prominent Russians in Chicago knew
the secret.

She Beat Her "Husband."

"Mrs. de Raylan would never tell me her past
history or how she came to marry her husband.
Her only explanation of that to me was that
she loved him so. Only once did I ever hear
lier refer to his effeminate habits. One morning
after he had been out unusually late the night ■

before she sneered about his custom of taking
baths in perfumed water. He was a very light
eater. For breakfast he always wanted little
cakes and cocoa.

"During the last few months of my stay at
the house Mrs. de Raylan began to grow abusive
toward her husband. She seemed to resent more
and more his neglect of her. She was not the
kind of a woman that could stand that kind of
thing very long. The climax came one morning
when in going into his room after his departure
she found something that seemed proof to her
that her husband was unfaithful. That night
when De Raylan came home there was a terri-
ble scene. The wife lost control of her temper
and laid violent hands upon her husband. She
beat him cruelly and he never even attempted to
defend himself. When it was all over I cried
for sympathy for him.

"His wife's attack upon him was the direct
cause of De Raylan leaving her. I remained at
the house only a few days after the scene I
have described. I visited Mrs. de Raylan several
times after that and frequently saw De Raylan
upon the streets. After leaving Chicago a year
ago I lost track of them until I read of his, or
rather her, death."

MADMAN POSES AS WOMAN

Accused of Being a Man in Disguise He Takes
Poison and Dies.

Another instance of sex disguise, not so
logically explicable as the above, was told
as follows in the Philadelphia North Amer-
ican:

Berlin. — A remarkable story comes from Bres-
lau. A teacher of that city a short time ago
went to Paris to perfect himself in the French
language. While there he made the acquaint-
ance of a woman named Dina Alma de Paradea.
The woman said she was from Brazil, and the
daughter of the French Consul there. She wore
magnificent jewels, and was altogether charm-
ing.

The Breslau teacher fell in love with her, they
were engaged and the happy teacher returned to
Breslau to make preparations for their marriage.
Dina Alma arrived at Breslau shortly afterward
and took up her abode in a fashionable pension-
nat there. She went about with her fiance mak-
ing purchases for their future home. In some
unexplained way, however, the people of the pen-
sionnat began to have misgivings about Dina
Alma. Like Charley's Aunt, who was also from
Brazil, she was not what she seemed, and the
suspicion that she was a man in woman's clothes
was strengthened. She was accused of false
pretences. Dina Alma tliereupon took poison and
in a few minutes was dead. Her hair, bust and
hips were all false.

The police took charge of the case, and dis-
covered that Dina Alma was the son of a phy-

THE PANDEX

257

SCARLET FEVER.
A Study in Cause and Effect.

— Chicago Tribune

258

THE PANDEX

sician who used to practice in Berlin, and was
35 years old. He had been knocking about
Europe for years, and was believed to be touched
with insanity. The magnificent diamonds were
all false.

FIRST TO HOLD INDIANA OFFICE

SENORITA DRESSED AS TRAMP

Fled to Escape Marriage and Fight in Lodging
House Reveals Sex.
Over in the Old Country, where conven-
tionalities of sex are far more imposing than
in America, there has been a third sex dis-
guise case, described as follows in the St.
Louis Globe-Democrat:

Madrid. — Truly an amazing story is that of
Senorita Esperanza Vasquez, a wealthy mer-
chant's daughter, who, after being missed for
three months, was found masquerading as a male
tramp, and is now a nun in a convent. She is
only 19, and her father is a leading citizen of
Santander. The senorita was carefully brought
up and educated. She is a tall, good-looking and
finely formed girl, who was known as a regular
daredevil and the heroine of many merry es-
capades. With men and women alike she was
intensely popular.

One night three months ago the Vasquez man-
sion was ablaze with light, as a grand ball was
being given to celebrate the betrothal of the
Senorita Esperanza and the Senor Pablo y Cerda
of Bilboa. The next morning the senorita was
missing. Day after day passed and there was
no word of her; no clew by which her where-
abouts coujd be discovered. She had simply van-
ished. It was known in the family that she did
not take kindly to her lover or the thought of
marriage. Rivers and ponds in the neighbor-
hood were dragged; a general police alarm was.
sent out, and finally a reward was offered for
news of her.

For several weeks the girl's disappearance was
the sensation of the district. Then her discovery
caused an even greater sensation. Disguised as
a man, she was found in a tramps' 'refuge,' a
type of lodging house run by the municipality of
Paula Christina, in a district of Madrid. Clad in
rough men's clothes, the girl had been a lodger
for three days. On the night before her discov-
ery a dispute arose between her and a burly
giant, the bully and terror of the place. The
bully struck her, knocking her senseless.

When the police rushed in a doctor was sent
for, and thus it was found that the tall, comely
lad was in reality a girl. Then it came out that
she was the much-sought Esperanza Garcia
Vasquez.

The girl was reconciled to her family and her
lover pleaded for an immediate marriage, but,
instead, the senorita has just taken the veil in
the Hermanas de Caridad Convent in Madrid,
and swears she will spend her life as a Sister of
Mercy, tending the poor and nursing the sick.

Constitution Silent on Subject, So Governor
Makes Miss Stubbs State Statistician.
Closely akin to sex masquerading, because
of the assumption it involves of functions
hitherto regarded as exclusively male, is the
following incident from Indiana, described
in the New York "World :

Indianapolis. — For the first time in the history
of Indiana a woman is holding an elective State
office. This pioneer among her sex is Mary A.
Stubbs, 25 years old, who is named by Governor
Hanly to succeed her father, the late Joseph H.
Stubbs, as chief of the State Bureau of Statistics.

The appointment seems to meet with general
approval, though it was unexpected, and was
not made until the Governor and the Attorney-
General had canvassed the question of a woman 's
constitutional eligibility to the oflBce. While the
Indiana constitution says every county officer
must be a voter, there is no such provision with
reference to State officers. There appearing to be
no legal reason to bar Miss Stubbs' appoint-
ment, she was chosen over Edgar Goodnow, the
second deputy statistician, who had been an active
candidate for the place.'

There were other considerations which weighed
in Miss Stubbs' favor with the Governor. She
got out, as deputy, the last report during her
father's illness. She was qualified to take charge
of the work. Moreover, her father, who was re-
cently re-elected, paid his part of the expenses of
the last campaign, and died practically in the
midst of his office life. All these things were
remembered in the appointing of Miss Stubbs.

Now the interesting question comes up — can
Miss Stubbs be elected to the office when her pres-
ent term expires ? Her first work as chief of the
office was to arrange to hai'e the annual report
out in good time for the Legislature.

WOMEN IN POSTAL SERVICE

No Prejudice Against or Preference for Them in
the Department.
A little further away from the masquerad-
ing above alluded to, but still within the
sphere once regarded as masculine only, is
the situation of woman as set forth in the
following from the New York Sun : _

Washington, D. C. — So many conflicting re-
ports have been circulated as to the status of
women in the postal service that Fourth Assist-
ant Postmaster-General Degraw has prepared a
statement defining the attitude of the Depart-
ment toward the appointment of women. The
Department wishes the announcement to go forth
that there is no truth in the report that women
will be favored to the exclusion of men. Nor is
there any basis in fact for the statement that
women will not be appointed at all when men can
be secured. The fourth assistant brands as a

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259

canard the story that no married woman "will be
appointed at all. He refused to discuss the
rumor that seems to have gone everywhere that
preference would be shown to women who were
separated from their husbands.

The records show that at the end of the fiscal
year, June 30 last, 309 women, or 25.85 per cent
of the total number of clerks in the Department
in Washington, were women. The salaries they
received ranged from $240 to $1800 a year. The
average clerical salary of the women is $440.40,
against $1256.28 for men, and the average subor-
dinate salary, $402.71, compared with $686.23 for
male employees.

WOMEN HAPPY WITHOUT VOTE

Ardent English Suffragist Says Electoral Move-
ment Is Hopeless Here.

While woman graduates into the business
■world to the degree above indicated, it is of
striking interest to note the following in re-
gard to her political matriculation. The item
is from the Chicago Inter-Ocean :

New York. — After a week's investigation of
the suffrage movement in this country. Lady
Cook, one of the ardent supporters of the suf-
fragists of London, who prefers prison to live
without a vote, says American women do not
wish the ballot.

"It is apparent," said Lady Cook, "that
American women are satisfied to rest content
with privileges granted their sex through per-
sistent warfare carried on by Susan B. Anthony,
Elizabeth Cady Stanton, my sister, Victoria
Woodhull Martin, and myself.

"English women are away ahead of them in
demanding the greatest right that has yet to
be granted them. Suffrage is assured in Eng-
land, and within less than another year women
there will hold the right of the ballot.

"The movement has grown so magnificently
in England I thought I would come over and
use my influence and money in rousing interest
to the same heights of success in this country.
But I am discouraged and disappointed. So far
as I can see, the suffrage movement in America
is sleeping or taking an indefinite rest.

"If women of this country desired suffrage,
they could have it quicker than it takes to talk
about it. American women possess the power
to obtain anything they wish. Just now they
are apparently content with enjoying privileges
which have come to them in the past twenty-five
years. They seem to be satisfied that they have
all rights of their brothers, save the ballot, which
were denied them under penalty of law and social
ostracism a quarter of a century ago.

''Women appear to be almost dizzy with the
independence of pleasure they now enjoy be-
cause of. the great prosperity now sweeping over
the nations of the world. They seem to be bent

on enjoyment, and serious thinking and work
done by women of the pioneer reforms are much
less noticeable to-day. I have investigated the
movement in this country, and am told it has no
leader, no spirit, and that there is no incentive
to work.

"Just see what the women are doing in Eng-
land," said Lady Cook, bringing her hand down
enthusiastically on a gold embroidfered sofa pil-
low. "You will notice I wear no jewels — not a
single diamond. The best women in England,
of rank and title, as well as the great army of
working women, are working unanimously for
suffrage, and I tell you they are going to get it.

"You see, behind this movement are so many
other interests, principally the betterment of the
working classes. Annie Kenny, leader of the
labor cohorts, is one of the greatest women I
have ever known. She is willing to be arrested
many times over rather than give up the work.
She holds a following of 90,000 girls and women,
and her influence is tremendous.

"English women are tired of being fooled.
Men told them last year that if they could con-
trol the labor vote they would grant them suf-
frage. When the women this fall put the mat-
ter up to certain members of Parliament who
had professed a sincerity of interest, men would
not listen to them, but if approached on the sub-
ject would say, suavely, 'Won't you come out
on the terrace and have a cup of tea?' Women
are tired of tea and weary of promises. They
want men to do the right thing by them now.
You understand there are more than 400 men
who favor suffrage, and I think the battle is
nearly won.

"The suffragist movement at present repre-
sents in the neighborhood of 500,000 active sup-
porters."

CORELLI CALLS WOMEN NAMES

"Painted, Powdered, Padded, Dyed, Frizzled
Creatures," She Declares.

Doubtless one of the reasons for woman's
endeavor to get away from her traditional
life and its attributes may be inferred from
the truth which many women feel lies in the
following indictment by Marie Corelli, as
reported in the New York World :

London. — Marie Corelli, though her profound
contempt for man in every respect remains un-
diminished, does not believe in woman suffrage.
She claims that she can now direct fifty men's
votes at election in any way she chooses, but
she says that that power would be destroyed if
she had her own.

"If," she says, "woman has as the natural
heritage of her sex the mystic power to per-
suade, enthral and subjugate man, she has no
need to come down from her throne to mingle in
any of his political frays."

2G0

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She scoVes woman remorselessly for, allowing
herself to be given away in fashion papers.
"There," she says, "man sees woman as the
fool rampant. She is depicted as semibald,
holding her wig in one hand, ready to put it on.
She is shown in a half-nude state, very thin
and scraggy, but again unblushingly holding ,
artificially moulded plump portions of her body
which nature failed to supply, in readiness to
fasten over the hollow places. She is exhibited
plainly and pitilessly as a swindle.

"Do women imagine that men never look at
such papers? Never perceive the bold, promi-
nent challenge of these degraded advertisements,
which instruct them as to what a painted, pow-
dered, padded, dyed, frizzed, shameless creature
a woman may be, and often is?

"A casual study of our modern ladies' pic-
torials will convince the most optimistic male
supporter of women's rights that a majority of
the fair sex are not as yet any way fitted for the
franchise. ' '

LUXURY-LOVING WIVES CRUSH SOULS

Like Those of Bible Times, They Press Husbands
to Gratify Expensive Tastes.
Another aspect of the same situation as
Marie Corelli denounced is reflected in the
following from the same paper:

Cincinnati, Ohio. — Several preachers at a re-
cent meeting of the Cincinnati Presbytery criti-
cized women for selfish, lazy, luxurious habits and
inclinations; church members for jealousy and
backbiting, and the general public for indifference
to religious preaching.

Professor Selby F. Vance, of Lane Seminary,
this city, the oldest theological institution of the
Presbyterian Church in the West, said :

"Women to-day are like those women of Bible
times, who crushed the life and soul of their men
to get more jewels and rich raiment to decorate
their persons. There is not a particle of differ-
ence in that respect. They lead luxurious, sel-
fish lives and press their husbands to extremes
to secure the money to gratify their expensive,
idle, worse than useless tastes. I blame not only
the women but the men and the world generally
for these conditions, and I hold you ministers
personally responsible according to the light you
have. ' '

FIGHT TO SEPARATE ELECTIONS

Legislative League Would Divorce State and
Municipal Issues.

Notwithstanding the discouraging view of
the women's suffrage movement in America
as reported by the Englishwoman in an item
printed above, incidents such as the follow-
ing, given in the Philadelphia North Amer-
ican, serve to show that American women are

far from losing interest in practical political
participation :

Philadelphia. — Not content with electioneer-
ing and fighting shoulder to shoulder with the
men in the campaign for good government, the
women of Philadelphia are preparing to sup-
port the effort to obtain the passage of a law
to secure the separation of State and municipal
elections.

Convinced that the simultaneous elections
helped to defeat the City party's candidate for
District Attorney in November, they are work-
ing vigorously to obtain legislation changing
the dates of either of the elections.

The Legislative League, an organization de-
voted to the study of laws and their bearing upon
woman's interests, is at the bottom of this move-
ment. Having been informed of the true state
of affairs, and realizing the peril that lies in
organization victories such as that of Novem-
ber, the members of the league inaugurated an
educational campaign to become better acquainted
with the laws on the subject and secure profes-
sional opinions upon them.

NAMES WOMAN DEPUTY SHERIFF

Illinois Official Appoints Wife, Who Will Take
Up Duties Shortly.
Another proof of the same fact is afforded
in the following from the Chicago Record-
Herald :

Nashville, 111. — -August H. Cohlmeyer, Sheriff
of Washington County, has appointed his wife as
his chief deputy. The appointment means that
Mrs. Cohlmeyer will be required to perform the
duties usually incumbent upon a male deputy,
and she is preparing to act in her official capacity.
This is the first time in the history of Washing-
ton County that a woman has been appointed
to this position, and it probably has no precedent
in Illinois.

WOMEN OUTGROWING MEN

Science Says the Feminine Brain, Body, and
Intellect Are Steadily Growing Bigger.

If woman is to increase her political par-
ticipation, it may be important to determine
the truth of such a contention as is set forth
in the following from the New York Amer-
ican:

When a man — a physician and an acknowledged
authority on physiology — admits that his own
sex, both physically and mentally, must soon
yield the palm to women, the matter assumes an
importance worthy of the most serious consider-
ation. Indeed, the mind can scarcely conceive
the consequences of this assertion upon the des-
tiny of mothers and, therefore, of the whole hu-
man race — if it be an established truth.

That man — who is quoted below from a lecture
recently deliyered in London — is the distinguished

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261

physiologist, Alfred Taylor Schofield, M. D.,
member of the British-Association, author of sev-
eral books on physiology, hygiene, etc., and an
officer in many societies for the promotion of
education and health in the United Kingdom.

"Women are just beginning theii* race. Men
have pretty well finished theirs.

"We have all noticed how, in the last genera-
tion or two, woman has outstripped man in phys-
ical development. Among the educated classes
where the essentials for health are understood
and practised the average grown daughter of to-
day is taller, stronger, and more active than was
her mother at her age, and a genuine Amazon
compared with her great-grandmother.

"In the last generation the average man has
shown no improvement, either in body or brain —
he seems to have reached his limit at a time
when the average woman is just beginning to
realize the superior potentialities of her sex.

"Already the woman's brain is slightly greater
in proportion. Certainly it is not less. Fifty
years hence it will be admitted that woman's
brain has developed faster than man's.

"Nevertheless there are essential differences
between the minds of men and the minds of
women. Anything in the nature of rivalry be-
tween them is fallacious and absurd. Women's
minds are much better for some kinds of work,
and men's for other kinds.

"But the brain work of women is being con-
stantly better done, with prospects of being done
still better, while that of men shows little or no
improvement."

TRADE SCHOOL FOR GIRLS

New York's Unique Institution Where Young
Women Learn to Make Things.

The education of women for occupations
less strictly sexlike is constantly broadening.
Witness the following, as described in the St.
Louis Republic:

New York.— The Manhattan Trade School for
Girls is now open, and visitors are given an op-
portunity of inspecting the new school building,
as well as of seeing the results of the pupils'
work.

The School, which is unique, in that it is the
only one of its kind in the country, is conducted
for the purpose of helping girls to help them-
selves.

Every bit of the instruction is practical. Girls
go there to learn a trade, and they learn it with-
out annexing any ideas that discontent them with
the prospect of working with their hands and
cause yearnings for impossible careers.

There are four departments in the School, and
these four include the actual trades at which
women are employed. They are dressmaking,
millinery, machine work, and pasting, and by

the time a girl has graduated in her department
she is ready to take a position as an experienced
worker, commanding good wages, instead of hav-
ing to begin at the bottom and work her way up
slowly and patiently.

Up on the top floor, in an enormous room,
there are one hundred and twenty electric-power
sewing machines. Here the girls are taught hem-
stitching, chain stitching, and embroidering. The
operators of the button-holing machines spin off
buttonholes at the rate of goodness knows how
many a minute.

Down in the pasting-room — and, by the way,
one doesn't realize what an important trade that
of pasting is until such an exhibition is seen — •
there are small girls busy with gluepots and
brushes and material, turning down corners and
making neat edges with wonderful skill.

On the walls are sample cards, laces, and rib-
bons and silks; beautifully put together, blotting
pads, memorandum books of leather and leather-
ette, book covers and the daintiest boxes covered
with silks and other fabric in the most delicate
colors, each one not only perfectly made, but
without any appearance of having been handled.

HOW WOMEN WASTE MILLIONS

Chicago Housekeepers Alone Might Save $200,-
000,000 a Year.

Chicago housekeepers waste nearly $200,000,-
000 every year. The exact figures, taken from
commercial reports and the percentage of waste
calculated by domestic-science experts, show that
$193,140,000 is lost annually by careless buying,
unscientific cooking, and other domestic extrava-
gances.

The School of Domestic Science sums up the
causes under several heads. Among these the
half-dozen following are selected by the Chicago
Tribune as the most prominent :

1. Buying provisions by order and telephone
instead of seeing them.

2. Buying prepared foods.

3. Buying fruits and vegetables out of season.

4. Taking goods as offered by dealers instead
of insisting on quantities, brands, and cuts
wanted.

5. Loss on weight, wrappings, and attractive
glasses, cans, et cetera, in which food is put up.

6. Lack of expert knowledge of cuts of meat
and of how to cook least expensive things to
bring out food values and good taste. — New York
Sun.

LABOR LAWS FOR WOMEN

Protective Statutes in Various States Said to be
on the Decline.

"During the past eleven years in three states
the laws have gone back in regard to women,"
said Mrs. Florence Kelly, vice-president of the
National Women's Suffrage Association, in a re-
cent address in Pittsburg. "Before that time

262

THE PANDEX

Illinois had a law restricting women to eight
hours' work a day, but. in 1895 the Supreme
Court decided the law was not constitutional, and
now they work any number of hours. In Chi-
cago, since that decision, girls were kept working
in a laundry for twenty hours a day, and during
the last hour of that time five of the girls fainted
and one of them died. This was in August when
the weather was very warm.

"In 1903 New Jersey repealed a law that had
been in force for eleven years, and which for-
bade women or minors to work in factories after
6 o'clock or after noon on Saturdays. Now if
a women is over sixteen she may work any num-
ber of hours.

"Within the past two weeks in New York the
Supreme Court has held unconstitutional the law
prohibiting women and minors from working
after 9 p. m. in factories. This law had been in
force for twenty years. Now any girl over six-
teen can be compelled to work all night, and it
frequently happens that they work until 2 o 'clock
in the morning during the rush of getting out
the big New York magazines. There the police-
men are promoted for the number of arrests they
make, regardless of convictions, and there girls
are exposed to the indignity often of being ar-
rested as suspicious characters while they wait
for the cars on the street.

' ' During these same years that the protection
of the working woman has gone backward, the
voting miners in Colorado, Utah, Montana, Idaho,
and Missouri have obtained an eight-hour-day
law for themselves put into the constitutions of
their states; and last year the state of New York
altered its constitution- to provide that any con-
tractor working for the city or for the state is
bound by the eight-hour law.

"Could anyone wish," said Mrs. Kelly, "for
a more glaring object lesson than these facts of
the value of the ballot for the wage earner,
whether a- man or a woman?" — Pittsburg Dis-
patch.

HOTEL FOR WOMEN A FAILURE?

Stockholders Fear Cost of Living Stops Best Re-
sults; Offer Lease.

Occasionally an effort to differentiate be-
tween sexes in the ordinary affairs of life
is started with much eclat. But usually it
reaches the end illustrated in the following
from the Chicago Tribune :

New York. — Stockholders of the Martha Wash-
ington Hotel in East Twenty-ninth Street voted
recently to lease the hotel, subject to the ap-
proval of the Board of Directors. It was a
merry meeting, according to one of the stock-
holders. "It should go down in history as a
battle of tongues," he said.

There were few men present. Mere man was
at a discount, and the execution of polite and

cutting phrases was frightful. The dictionary
was cut to pieces and retired in short order.

As far as might be gathered by an intruder,
the war was civil and was waged by two fac-
tions, one of. which declared the management was
'stingy' and another that declared there was a
deplorable lack of public spirit on the part of the
regular boarders, who objected to the prices and
bought their teas outside.

The discussion of the cost of living in the
Martha Washington disclosed the fact that
prices had gone up all along the line since the
hotel first was opened in 1903. The price of the
cheapest room, it was said, had gone up several
dollars a week, and half portions cost almost as
much as whole ones used to, and, to make it all
worse, the guests had deserted the American-
plan dining room in such numbers that the room
was closed some time ago.

The faction that decried the guests who dined
outside pointed out that the hotel always is full
and that a 'better class' of guests is coming in
all the time. This brought out the suggestion
that the Martha Washington had outlived its
usefulness, since it had become too expensive for
the women of moderate means for whom it was
designed, and it was proposed to .sell the prop-
erty and put up elsewhere on a less costly site
a similar hotel. This latter proposition was left
for the consideration of the Board of Directors.

During the discussion Doctor Huntington, of
Grace Church, declared it must be confessed that
the original plan of the hotel — a place for pro-
fessional women of moderate means and for
transients unattended by their men folks — had
failed, since in order to run the hotel without a
loss it had been necessary to raise the prices be-
yond the means of the class it sought to provide
for.

PAPER PUBLISHED ENTIRELY BY WOMEN

Bohemian Weekly in Chicago Handled Editorially
and Mechanically.

A Bohemian newspaper 'manned' entirely by
women is one of the triumphs of enterprise that
Chicago boasts. Women prepare the copy, set
the type, read the proof, arrange the makeup,
solicit the advertising, and manage the circula-
tion without even the assistance of a masculine
printer's devil.

Whatever their appearance, however, their
method of conducting their business is far from
'feminine' in the usual acceptation of the word.
Miss Milly R. Hlina, 336 West Eighteenth Street,
and Mrs. Rose A. Kabat, 385 West Sixteenth
Street, are the publishers. Mrs. Bessie Pavlik is
the managing editor.

Each has her definitely defined duties and the
last named of these remarkable women makes
extensive and carefully planned tours about the
country in her capacity of circulation manager.

The only men that it numbers on its books are

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263

SPELLING REFORM.

-Chicago Tribune.

264

THE PANDEX

subscribers. Of these there are a goodly num-
ber— and this, too, notwithstanding the paper is
published for, as well as by, women. The men,
furthermore, do not apologize for buying the
paper by saying they get it for their wives, but
openly take it in their own names by the year.
Every Saturday evening the inch and poor, the
high and low between Thirteenth and Twenty-
second Streets, Ashland Boulevard, and Halsted
Street are in possession of this woman's maga-
zine. On its mailing lists are distinguished Bohe-
mians all over the country.

The paper is not exactly such as one would
expect soft arms, gentle voices, and feminine
brains to frame. It contains no beauty lessons
nor household hints. There are no discourses on
love nor favorite recipes. Its aim, on the other
hand, is to further woman's suffrage, to uplift
tlie mental attitude of the working woman. Most
of its subject matter is devoted to these sub.iects ;
these and the dignity and the desirability of
work for women, the blessedness of cheerfulness,
the obligation for educating children, the moral
value of honesty and bravery, and the duty of
making home pleasant and agreeable.

It hasn't particularly up-to-date offices for a
paper advocating such exceedingly advanced
views, nor particularly dainty ones from such
delicate types of femininity. They are contained
in a single room composing, printing, editorial,
and business departments, and the printets' ink
is much in evidence. The type is set by hand
and the presses are run by the same means.

It is believed thar this is the only newspaper
in America on which all the work is done by
women. Such a newspaper was published in
Paris, however, for a year. It was called La
Fronde and was a feminist sheet which, under
the leadership of Marcelle Tinayse, the famous
French woman novelist, was a leader in the fight
for advanced views for women, but it languished
and perished after the novelty had worn off. —
Chicago Tribune.

WOMAN'S BRAIN FOR SALE

Mrs. Francis Has Offered it to the Highest
Bidder.

Richmond, Va. — Mrs. M. L. Francis, who has
offered to sell her brain and body at death to
universities and colleges in this city, Philadel-
phia, Chicago, and New York, if she can realize
siifHcient money to provide for the rest of her
life, said that she had been driven to make the
proposition by poverty.

Mrs. Francis first made her offer to hospitals
in Richmond, but all declined to purchase. She
says she is willing to sign papers bequeathing
her brain or her body or both to that university
or college that will pay at once the highest cash
sum.

Mrs. Francis, who is more than forty years
old, is the fourth wife of her husband, who was
incapacitated for work several years ago by an
accident and is now practically helpless. The

woman is broken in health and entirely depend-
ent upon the small pay she receives as a clerk
in a department store. She says she had heard
that students of medicine had only the bodies of
criminals and paupers to work upon, and it oc-
curred to her the big universities might pay con-
siderable for the brain of an intelligent person.

Mrs. Francis says she recently read of one of
the universities offering $10,000 for the head of
a certain person, and she would sell hers for that
sum. She is refined and cultured and has evi-
dently known affluence.

"Yes, I want to sell my brain," said Mrs.
Francis, "and I don't see why the colleges don't
want to buy it. I need money and I need it
badly. I have been working for some time in a
department store and will continue to work there,
I suppose, for some time. We are not
in actual want, but we need money. I have heard
of some persons selling their bodies and brains,
and I thought I would offer mine for sale. I
don't care what thev do with me when I am
dead."

Mrs. Francis said that when she made her
proposition to one of the Richmond colleges she
was informed there was a surplus of brain mat-
ter in the market and the purchasing agent of
that particular institution was, unfortunately,
out of the city. — Indianapolis News.

SEES GOOD IN RACE RESTRICTION

Professor Ross Holds Falling Birth Rate Really
a Blessing to the Nation.

Providence, R. I. — In a recent meeting of the
American Economic Association and the Socio-
logical Society Professor Edward A. Ross, of the
University of Wisconsin, discussing the birth
rate, said : .

"A most momentous factor in shaping the
future is the downward tendency in the birth
rate of the Occidental peoples. In the United
States in 1900 the proportion of children under
five to women of child-bearing age was only
three-quarters of what it was in 1860.

"The phenomenon is due not so much to avoid-
ance or postponement of marriage as to willful
restriction of the size of the family. The spirit
of democracy makes everyone eager to rise in
life, and to the climber children appear in the
light of a handicap.

"The immediate consequences of a diminish-
ing birth rate are a rising plane of comfort
among the masses, a reduction of infant mortal-
ity, and an increase in the average prospect that
population pressure, hitherto the principal cause
of war, mass poverty, wolfish competition, and
class conflict will cease to shape social destinies.

"The fall in the birth rate in roomy New
South Wales suggests that we may have to pen-
sion the mother of more than three children. If
the white races cease to multiply and overflow
into the backward lands, the void will certainly
be filled with the increase of the black, brown,
and yellow peoples, and the human type that has

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265

so far achieved the most will contribute less
than it ought to the blood of the ultimate race
that is to possess the globe.

"On the whole, however, restriction seems to
be a salutary movement, and the undoubted
evils in its train appear to be minor, or tran-
sient, or self-limited, or curable. "—New York
Times.

A QUESTION OF COURAGE

Betting That She is Not a Coward, Woman Kills
Man and Wins a Cow.

Inez, Ky.— Mrs. Julia Booth was lodged in
jail recently, charged with the murder of Esau
Harris.

Young Harris and William Booth were the
best of friends. Harris accepted an invitation
to spend the night with Booth. While sitting
around the hearthstone, Mrs. Booth raised the
question of cowardice, and said that, before she
would run she would blow a man 's head off. Her
husband told her she could be frightened until
she would throw her gun down and "outrun a
steam engine."

The argument progressed until Mrs. Booth wa-
gered her cow against $25 with her husband that
she would not run.

Booth persuaded Harris to feign going home
and to return about 1 o 'clock in the morning and
test the matter. Harris consented, and, on re-
turning, rapped at the door. Mrs. Booth woke
her husband, who refused to get up. She asked
Harris his name and what he wanted. Harris
told her it was none of her business, and if she
did not open the door he would break it down.

Mrs. Booth arose from the bed and, without
dressing, got a double-barreled shotgun and emp-
tied both barrels into Harris's head, killing him
instantly. — Chicago Inter-Ocean.

FRENCH WOMEN AND CORSETS

Hair Dressing and Proper Corsets the Secret of
La Belle Parisienne's Beauty.

All Frenchwomen wear corsets; a great ma-
jority have their corsets made to order. My own
cook, for instance, does, and she pays thirty
francs (about $6) a pair. These for best last
her three or four years. In families driven to
the last limit of economy corsets are commonly
home-made. Very poor women obliged to pur-
chase their corsets ready made buy invariably
a good article, paying on an average $3 a pair.
These initial expenditures become relatively eco-
nomical, by virtue of the excellence of the article
secured and by the care and cleverness which the
French exercise in cleaning and repairing cor-
sets.

There exist a number of characteristics in com-
mon which are clear principles of the French-
woman's art of being pretty. First, there is the
nerfect orderliness which the Frenchwoman's

hair dressing invariably presents. By the aid of
invisible hairpins, even of invisible nets, and,
for out of doors, of veils, the Frenchwoman, hav-
ing thoroughly washed, brushed, and studiously
arranged her hair, is protected always against
the least appearance of dishevelment which
among all classes is abhorred. A point of beauty
always sought by the French in the arrangement
of the hair is to present a joli nuque — that is, a
pretty nape of the neck. Effects they produce in
this respect are wonderful, and are chiefly at-
tained by care in securing a graceful line marked
by the hair from ear to ear, and a charming con-
tour which clever waving of the hair produces.

With proper corsets and her hair attractively
arranged, the woman who is resolved to lead a
better life in the matter of being pretty need
not despair if money to buy a complete new and
becoming wardrobe is not at hand. — Harper's
Bazar.

NINE YEARS TO MAKE A DRESS

Mexican Woman's Remarkable Piece of Tailor-
ing, Costing $40,000.

One of the wonders of Mexico is a $40,000
dress which has just been completed here, after
nine years of work. The dress is the creation of
Mrs. E. Leon, who directed all of the work that
was done in its making. At times she had em-
ployed more than three hundred expert needle-
women.

Mrs. Leon is the owner of a large factory
for the manufacture of scrapes, or women's
shawls. When she conceived the idea of making
the finest dress in the world for the purpose of
exhibiting it at the Paris Exposition, where she
hoped to sell it for a fabulous price, she found
the task much greater than she expected, and
the Paris Exposition came and went with the
dress far from finished. She then thought it
would be ready for exhibition at the St. Louis
Worid's Fair.

But again she was disappointed, as the delicate
fabric was still in an unfinished state. She con-
tinued the work without interruption until a few
days ago, when the last stitch was taken in the
wonderful creation.

It is stated by all who have seen this dress that
its exquisite beauty is unsurpassed. It is a ver-
itable work of woman's art. The dress is made
largely of the finest linen thread, which was im-
ported direct from Paris. The thread is drawn
into beautiful figures and the fabric is a filmy,
web-like lace, which shows no seams. — New York
Herald.

DOWN WITH THE BROOM!

Vacuum Dust Removers Are Doing Away With
the Old Domestic Standby.

The broom threatens soon to be as obsolete as
the old copper warming pan, judging from the
number of vacuum dust removers which are be-

266

THE PANDEX

ing placed upon the market. The change is one
which must meet with the unqualified approval
of all who know what a breeding ground of dis-
ease is the common dust of our houses. Every
housewife who is possessed of cleanly instincts
should welcome an apparatus which removes dust
instead of scattering it in all directions, lost to
the senses, so to speak, for a time by its attenua-
tion in air, only sooner or later to settle again
on the shelves, pictures, curtains, and carpets in
a thin film. Moreover, the removal of dust and
its collection in a receptacle by means of the
vacuum cleaner permit of its absolute destruction
by fire.

Bacteriological science can easily demonstrate
the existence of disease germs in common house-
hold dust, and there is evidence of an eminently
practical character that dust is otherwise a
source of disease; there could hardly be a more
effectual means of spreading the infective and
irritating particles than the old-fashioned broom.
The method is not only unsanitary, but absurd
from the point of view of its application. The
broom may clean the surface of a carpet, but
the dust is only removed to be scattered else-
where and to be spread over an even wider area
than before. The great and important difference
between the cult of the broom and the vacuum
cleaner may be summed up by saying that while
the former is calculated to spread disease, the
latter enables the dust and its pathogenic con-
tents to be removed and destroyed by fire. The
passing of the broom, when it comes to be "un
fait accompli," will be a fact of great sanitary
significance.

CANNES FEELS MAN FAMINE

Young Women Cry for Carload with Which They
May Dance.

Cannes. — The lack of men here is becoming
almost fatal to the composure of the fair ele-
ment.

For instance, as a young woman exclaimed the
other day, "Why can not some kind of society
or syndicate send us a trainload of men ? Cargoes
of girls are forever being shipped to America and
expressed to the West to supply the demand of
the lonely men for wives. Then why won 't some-
body dispatch some men to Cannes? Not for
husbands, though. They want to be used to
dance with, to automobile with, to golf with,
lawn tennis with. As it is there is nothing doing
but your old poker and bridge."

WOMAN AN OLD MOONSHINER

At the Age of Eighty Continues to Make Whisky
and Fight Revenue Officers.

New Martinsville, W. Va.— Twelve miles back
from Cliff Top, in Fayette Cduiity, and high up
on the mountainside' and perehed where a view

of miles can be had from it, is a little log cabin
where lives a remarkable old woman, Mrs. Ma-
linda Shrewsbury.

Born and reared in the Tennessee mountains,
she was associated with men who defied the law,
and in time she also learned to defy it, having
inherited all of the wild spirit and daring of her
rugged, fearless ancestry. To-day she is eighty
years old and the most noted moonshiner ever
captured in the mountains of West Virginia.

Deputy United States Marshal Dan Cunning-
ham, who made the arrest, received information
that if he would follow the trail that led to a
log cabin in a remote spot far back in the moun-
tains from Cliff Top he would find one of the
smoothest moonshiners in West Virginia. He
followed the instructions and now Mrs. Ma-
linda Shrewsbury is in the meshes of the Federal
law. She did not submit to arrest without a
struggle, and despite her four score years came
near shooting the marshal. The instant he
stepped inside of the door she whirled like a
flash, reached for an old rifle that hung on pegs
above the table, and as the marshal said, "If I
hadn't been looking for trouble and acted as
quick as I did she'd have got me."

Call From the Mountainside.

Cunningham disarmed her, and then, knowing
that her assistants might come at any time,
gagged and bound her and laid her on a bed in
one corner of the room. He waited for many
hours, and finally the stillness was broken by a
call way up on the mountainside. It was evi-
dently a signal, and in vain the old woman on the
bed struggled in attempting to answer. Cunning-
ham waited till daylight, but no one came, and
he took his prisoner to the railroad through one
of the roughest pieces of country in West 'Vir-
ginia.

In the cabin was found a small half-barrel and
about thirty barrels of corn juice. This was a
larger amount than she usually kept on hand.
The still was located about three hundred yards
from the cabin in a small cave, and the odor of
sour mash was noticeable some distance. The old
woman apparently made no effort to conceal her
illicit work.

Mrs. Shrewsbury was taken before the commis-
sioner at Charleston and bound over to the Fed-
eral Grand Jury on the charge of violating the
United States revenue laws. It was the first time
in her eighty years that she was up for the of-
fense, and she gave bond for $1500 for her ap-
pearance.

A search was made of the cabin and under-
neath a stone in the hearth was found a tin box
containing $760, and in an old cupboard was
found a bank book showing deposits in a Charles-
ton bank amounting to close to $11,000. This
sum she is said to have accumulated by her boys
bootlegging over the country. This money will
probably keep her from serving a term in the
penitentiary. There is a probability that she will
forfeit her $1500 bond and never appear for
trial. — New York World.

THE PANDEX

267

STARE AT WELL-BafOWN WOMEN

Difflcnlt for the Debutante to Keep Her Self-
Possession.

K there is to be a school for the training of
social debutantes its aim should be to prepare
them for the ordeal that their appearance before
the public always entails when they are espe-
cially wealthy or socially prominent.

"Poor thing!" said a woman at the horse
show, as she turned to look after a young woman
who had just left the box with her mother. "I
am afraid that Minnie's little girl will never
accomplish much. She's been out for a month,
and saw a little of Newport last summer, but
she has been sitting here for an hour with her
cheeks on Are and afraid to look to the right or
the left just because there have been a few people
standing in front of the box to look at her. She
ought to be supremely indifferent to their pres-
ence."

The familiar sights at the horse show were re-
peated this year. Men and women stand six feet
away from the front of a box and stare through
opera glasses at the occupants. There are one
or two families in the circle of boxholders that
always attract this amount of attention. That
a woman Should look perfectly unconcerned and
self-possessed under these circumstances is the
correct thing, but it is difficult.

"I am always so' terribly careful about my
manners at Sherry's," a woman confided the
other day to the man with her, "because I know
how many eyes are always staring at me. If I
happen to be in a party that contains any spe-
cially well-known persons I am more than ever
careful, for the parties that come there to see
the New Yorkers notice the least thing that one
does. ' '

" 'Look,' I heard a woman say once when
there was a very well-known woman at the table.
'She's eating meat, although I always heard she
was a Catholic' Of course nobody at our table
had any idea who these persons were, and it was
plain from her accent that the speaker came from
the West. She knew all about the social celebri-
ties of New York, however.

"This being always on view is bad enough for
a woman of experience. Think what it is to the
young girl who has just come out or has seen
only a year or two in society. This is what hap-
pened to a woman I know who was married last
week to a man of great wealth. One of the first
pleasures of her engagement was to be at a lunch
with her fiance at a popular restaurant. It hap-
pened quite without the knowledge of her family
that the engagement got into the newspapers that
day, and there was the expected amount of talk
about it. Then there were pictures of the young
woman and what purported to be a sketch of her
and her wealthy betrothed.

"She never thought of all these things as she
went into the lobby of the restaurant to wait for
him. He was not there and she seated herself on

one of the red velvet sofas to wait. It happened
that there was upstairs a lunch of some woman's
club, to which delegates had come from many
cities. Some of these women were gathered in
a group in the hall. The girl suddenly realized
that she was being stared at and looking up saw"
a ring of women around her. To her horror she
saw it growing larger and realized that it was
also getting nearer. She listened :

" 'Of course it is. Look at her nose. That
was the same in the picture.'

" 'Well, she is a lucky girl.'

" 'Well, it couldn't have been for her looks
that he married her. Wouldn 't you suppose he 'd
dress her up better to come to a place like this?'

"The subject of all this comment stared about
her in dismay, but there was nothing for her to
do but look as unconscious as possible. Escape
was out of the question.

"The women were absorbed in discussing the
bride-to-be when she suddenly saw over their
heads her fiance. He was grinning, for he had
taken in the situation. He made a way with dif-
ficulty through the group and the interest was
immediately transferred to him. The couple
turned and made rapid tracks for the dining
room, but the fiance was no more able to escape
the comments of the women than the girl had
been.

' ' I know of a ease in which the comment of the
public had much more disastrous results. Noth-
ing is more trying to a woman than to sit on the
top of a coach and hear the opinions which the
crowd on the sidewalk express of her dress and
her looks. It takes a great deal of composure not
to show one's feelings. Young girls suffer less
from this comment because they are usually
pretty enough not to bring out anything very un-
favorable.

"One spring a party was going up from the
Holland House. In it was a girl who had come
out during the preceding winter. She was very
rich, very amiable, but there was no denying the
fact that she had a very bad complexion. Natu-
rally she did not look her best in the early hours
of a cold spring morning. She was on the box
seat, and as she waited for the others to arrive
the crowd gathered as usual on the sidewalk to
look over the party.

Suddenly one voice was heard above all the
others. It was the voice of a woman, and evi-
dently raised that the unfortunate victim of the
remark might hear:

" 'Look at Pimples sitting up with the driver,'
it said, 'if the horses turn around and rubber
there'll be a runaway.'

There was a snicker in the crowd afterward.
The party on the coach heard every word that
the woman had spoken. Everybody tried to ap-
pear unconscious of what had happened, but it
was an hour before good feeling was restored. It
took much longer for the girl to get over what she
had heard. She soon afterward ceased to go out,
and made few appearances in public. She even

268

THE PANDEX

ceased to sit in her father's box at the opera.
When she went to the opera house two seats in
the orchestra were good enough for her. All this
was the result of the episode on the coach, as all
of her friends knew. I tell you it is not only the
actresses who need to have their nerve with
^them." — New York Sun.

JILTED BECAUSE OF BEAUTY

Sweetheart Throws Over a Prize Winner When
the Prince Kissed Her.

It happened in this way: Enrico is young and
handsome, and years ago his mother and the
mother of the Senhora Maria Vinent, who were
convent friends, agreed that their boy and girl
should wed. It always was understood that En-
rico was to marry Maria — and they, as children,
saw more of one another than most Portuguese
boys and girls of good families do.

Then the Senhora Maria was sent to a convent
school far up in the Sierra Madre back of Lis-
bon, where they lived, and, like most young men
of 16 or 17, Enrico proceeded almost to forget that
he was going to marry her, although, of course,
he was ready to obey his parents and to marry
her if they told him to do so.

Then one day Enrico saw a face, half covered
with a filmy black mantilla, flash past in the
streets of Lisbon, and his heart followed the car-
riage. He had fallen madly in love with a face
so beautiful that he swore none other could com-
pare with it. Again, only a few days later, he
saw the same face, and from that wonderful oval
face and those marvelous black eyes there flashed
a smile upon Enrico- — and then the carriage was
gone — and Enrico was wonderfully happy and yet
sad because he did not know who she was or
where to find her, and for a dozen days he cursed
himself because he had not run after the carriage
and climbed in and seized her, for he was young
and the hot blood of the country flowed in his
veins.

Fell in Love With a Strange Face.

It so happened, also, that a few days later his
mother told him that the Senhora Vinent had
returned and that he was to call with her and
arrange the terms of settlement, for they would
be married. Then Enrico did just what every
other young man who is in love would have done.
He objected. He vowed he never would wed the
Senhora Vinent, because he was in love with
another, and when his angry mother demanded
to know who the other was he could not tell ex-
cept to say she was the most beautiful woman in
the world.

"She is no more beautiful than the girl I have
chosen for you," said the mother. Enrico held
out for days, but seeing the face no more, he
consented to go with his mother and discovered
that the Senhora Vinent, the child he had

known, had blossomed into the beautiful woman
whose face he had seen in the carriage. She had
known him all the time. The two families, over-
joyed by the strange happening, were more than
pleased. The romance that had come of their
matchmaking delighted them and the terms of
the settlement were more than usually liberal.

Seldom ever was there such a lovemaking. En-
rico and Maria loved ideally. Everything was
joyous and happy until, a short time ago, in Lis-
bon, there was an election in which Lisbon was
to choose its Queen of Beauty for the fiesta.

Urged to Enter the Beauty Contest.

Enrico himself suggested that Maria enter the
competition. No woman in Portugal, he vowed,
was so beautiful as she. The Senhora Maria, just
out of the convent, shrank from it, but Enrico
and her family urged her and finally she con-
sented.

Every lover, of course, believes the one he
adores is the most beautiful in the world, and
Enrico had no doubts. In his case his own judg-
ment was backed up wonderfully. Among the
hundreds of beautiful women there was none who
could compare with Maria Vinent — her beauty
paled the beauty of all the others.

It happened that his royal highness, Louis
Philippe, the Crown Prince of Portugal and Duke
of Braganza, had consented to act as one of the
judges at the carnival of beauty.

The decision of the judges was unanimous — all
five voted for Senhora Vinent.

Near by, when the verdict was handed down,
stood Enrico, the proudest and happiest man in
Portugal, without even a suspicion of the blow
that was coming. He heard the verdict of the
judges and saw his betrothed led forward to be
crowned the Queen of Beauty and acknowledged
the most beautiful woman in Portugal, which
meant to him in all the world.

The Crown Prince announced her name and the
flower-decked hall rang with the bravos of the
populace. The Crown Prince held the floral crown
and placed it upon the wonderful, raven-black
hair of the Queen of Beauty.

Crown Prince Kissed Her Forehead.

Perhaps even a crown prince has the impulses
of other men. At any rate, H. R. H., as he placed
the crown in position, threw one arm around the
shoulders of the Queen, drew her to him just an
instant, and kissed her lightly on the forehead.

The crowd roared its bravas again, but joy
had fled from the heart of Enrico. Instead in his
breast burned bitter jealousy. Another man had
kissed his betrothed. He fled outside, and nurs-
ing his jealousy, went away.

That evening, while the Senhora Vinent held a
levee, surrounded by her beautiful maids of
honor, Enrico jilted her. In vain the members
of the two families and the proud mothers tried
to effect a reconciliation. Enrico was adamant.

THE PANDEX

269

Another man had kissed his betrothed. In vain
they explained that it was the crown prince. The
Senhora Vinent stamped her little foot in anger.
She alone refused to make overtures toward re-
conciliation.

Romance Was Wrecked by Kiss.

So the Crown Prince's kiss wrecked the ro-
mance. But Enrico was just beginning to suffer
from jealousy. Every day and every hour added
to his wretchedness. The beauty of the new
Queen dazzled the populace. A score of men,
rich and poor, high and low, begged her parents
for a chance to win her. When her portraits
were printed more proposals and offers of mar-
riage came. Enrico heard of it all. His fond
mother secured all details from Senhora Maria's
mother and used them to sear the broken heart
of Enrico.

But, despite the fact that over one hundred
men, most of them better off in one way or an-
other than Enrico, have proposed, the Senhora
Vinent has refused them all.

So — if Enrico can forgive the Crown Prince's
kiss — all may yet be well. — Chicago Tribune.

mS "TOOTSY WOOTSY "

Made Him Wash Dishes, Do the Cooking, Darn-
ing, and Other Chores.

In his suit for divorce from his wife, Eliza-
beth, filed recently, Robert J. Mulholland tells
a queer story of married life.

Mulholland says that he was married in Janu-
ary, 1893, and lived with his wife ten years,
until 1903. On the day of their wedding his wife
became angry because he would not lift her from
the carriage on the return from the church, and
in front of all the guests told him she would
never have married him had she known he was
so ignorant. Following this, for .the entire ten
years they lived together, he says, he never en-
joyed any peace except when he was washing
the dishes. Once she hit him in the mouth while
he was about to eat a spoonful of oysters because
he had laughed while seated at the table, and on
cross-examination he said he never laughed again
while at table.

Mulholland is employed at the Westinghouse
works in East Pittsburg. Every two weeks, he
says, he would give his entire salary to his wife.
Out of this he would receive twenty-five cents
spending money, and then his wife would accuse
him of squandering his money on other women.
She would allow him to shave only once a week,
so that no other woman would be attracted by his
appearance. He did the housework, cooked the
meals, swept and scrubbed the floors, blacked his
wife's shoes, and when he had nothing else to do
she would make him mend the neighbors' shoes.
When there was company he had to wait on the
table. If he tried to sing, she "would howl like
a dog."

Mulholland avers that he had to mend his own

and his wife's clothes, and that while he was
doing the work she would lie in bed and read
novels and scold if he disturbed her. He says
she gave him ten cents a day for car fare, which
only sufficed for his transportation one way to
work, and that he had to walk one way, a dis-
tance of six miles, every day.

Mrs. Mulholland, on the other hand, avers that
she was a loving, affectionate wife.^ — New York
Times.

GIRL WIFE TRADED FOR TEAM

Child of Thirteen Years Sold to Her Husband,

According to Story Told in Des Moines Court.

Des Moines, Iowa. — Traded at the age of thir-
teen years to a man by her mother for a team of
horses is the remarkable tale told by Alma Toep-
fer, a fifteen-year-old wife, who had her marriage
to Toepfer set aside in Judge Brennan's court.

The girl, who was married to Toepfer two
years ago, after her mother had made the alleged
trade, appeared in court clad in short dresses and
with her hair done in braids.

Her testimony as to her married life moved
Judge Brennan to indignation. The court di-
rected an investigation of Toepfer, who, accord-
ing to testimony, is living with the mother of his
wife.

Toepfer is thirty-five years old. The little girl
testified he had often abused her after marrying
her. She was rescued from him by the Humane
Society, which started the annulment action. —
Chicago Inter-Ocean.

SISTERS IN DUEL FOR LOVE.

How Two Cuban Girls Settled a Qnestion of
Affection.

Havana. — Reports of a duel between two sis-
ters have just reached here.

Maria and Carmen Hidalguez lived on a farm
near Las Lajas. Not far away, on another plan-
tation, worked a handsome chap named Juanillo,
with whom both girls were in love. Juanillo seems
to have been divided in his attentions.

The sisters had their first open quarrel about
the young man a few days ago, and the next
morning left the house together at daylight. Car-
men came back alone.

Investigation showed that each sister had taken
a revolver and gone to a lonely vega, or tobacco
field, one to live and the other to die for the ob-
ject of their affection. Rural guards were in-
formed by neighbors who heard the story, and a
search revealed the body of Maria Hidalguez on
the adjoining estate of Maguajara.

Carmen Hidalguez has not yet been arrested,
but the courts are investigating the case.

The sisters had previously been devoted to each
other, and one report from Las Lajas has it that
they did not shoot at each other but drew lots
10 see who should have Juanillo, who has since
disappeared. — New York Herald.

270

THE PANDEX

Adapted from the New York World.

Made in the Mold of Woman.

HIS BODY SHAPED BY CORSETS, HIS CLOTHES PADDED WHERE

THEY DO NOT FIT, AND HIS TOILET AS CAREFULLY

MADE AS THAT OF THE STAGE HEROINE.

YOUTH for the man, as well as the woman,
is a business asset. Only the man who
is at the top of the ladder of fame, or com-
fortably situated on the upper rounds, can
afford to look middle-aged.

' Humorists may jeer and cartoonists point inky
fingers of derision at the man who tries to look
young; nevertheless it is absolutely necessary for
the man who is ambitious to succeed to possess
some of the attributes which we associate with
youthfulness.

There are to-day as many devices for enhanc-
ing the youthful appearance of a man as there
are for rejuvenating and beautifying the other
sex.

Just as women, only too often, mistake artificial
aids to youthfulness for the quality itself, so it
often happens that a man will foolishly experi-

ment with the various devices for enhancing his
personal appearance, without going to the foun-
dation of the thing.

For this he is called vain. The saleswoman
back of the toilet-preparation counter will tell
you any day that men are quite as vain as, if not
vainer than, women.

"They are not only as vain as women," said
one clerk, who has had a great deal of experience
in selling cosmetics and toilet preparations, "but
men are a great deal more ashamed of their little
vanities. A man will come to the toilet counter
and ask for toilet powder, and insist that it is
for his wife or sister. Then he will buy a hair
dye, casually mentioning that it is for the same
lady, and before he has purchased the article he
has inquired in an off-hand manner whether it is
good for the mustache.

"We sell quantities of dyes, both for the mus-
tache and for the hair, but we seldom find a
customer asking for them who looks as if he were

THE PANDEX

271

VIBRATOR TAKING PLACE OF EXERCISE.

— New York World.

a prosperous and settled business man. It is usu-
ally the man who is out of a job or who has the
air of being down on his luck, who demands a
dye for the hair that is rapidly turning gray from
worry. ' '

The appearance of youth is a necessity for the
ambitious man and it is unfair to treat his ex-
perimental methods in beauty culture as foolish
vanities. Behind this seeming vanity, which leads
to the purchase of dyes or a toupee or even to the
investment in a box of rouge, there is too often
the pathetic shadow of failure or defeat. Men
do buy dyes and they do buy rouge, as the barber
will tell you, who often sees the lather on his cus-
tomer's face come off a delicate pink without loss
of blood. But none of these artifices can really
lend the semblance of youth to the man past
middle age, who has forgotten to take care of his
figure.

The men most admired for their physique on
and off the stage are not necessarily those whose
features are the most perfect or who are in reality
young in years. They are the men who are well
set up, as we call it; who, despite the fact that
they may be well on in the fifties, have never lost
the sprightly athletic figures of their twenties.
They are men who' have preserved a waist line
of some description. The male stage beauty is
very often accused of wearing a corset. Well,
after all, why not? For the masculine corset is
not the affair of steel and bone which we of femi-
nine persuasion are so well acquainted with. It is
merely a gentle reminder to stand up straight, to
hold one's chest out and not to succumb to the
tendency of a bay window and Santa Claus pro-
portions.

The masculine corset is very often nothing
more than a belt such as athletes often wear, and
singers find these girdles a support for the reten-

tion of very deep and long-drawn breaths. Deep
breathing, properly practised, will develop a mas-
culine figure and decrease the masculine waist
line, for it necessitates the development of the
chest, diaphragm, and waist mu.scles.

Physical Vitality and Success.

Right here comes in an interesting bit of psy-
chology. The man — of course I mean the man
under fifty — who does not stand erect, whose fig-
ure slumps, whose chest caves in and whose waist
line is concave instead of convex, is almost in-
variably depressed in spirit, slow of speech and
thought, unimpressive in manner, without per-
sonal magnetism — in other words, a man of no
importance. He never draws a good, deep breath
or takes sufficient exercise in the right way. He
looks old years before his time and is seldom a
success either financially or socially. He hasn't
sufficient energy to affect the youthfulness that
he does not feel, and should he have to compete
with a man erect in stature, broad-chested, mus-
cular, and wiry, he will be apt to be the loser.
Age has nothing to do with the question. It is a
matter of carriage and figure.

The man who wishes to be and who must be
young looks first to his figure. Fortunately for
him, his face will take care of itself. We all
know that a good figure is the result of exercise,
of fresh air, wholesome diet, and a few other per-
fectly simple and inexpensive things that seem
out of the reach of most of our business men.
They have no time for exercise, no thought for
fresh air, and simple food is harder for the res-
taurant eaters to get than a ragout of nightin-
gale's tongues.

The importance of a youthful figure has been
dawning on the business man for a long time. He

THE IDEAL THE"
STRIVE FC

ELAyric

CORD J-
IH TOPJ"

TROUiTERJ*

— New York World.

272

THE PANDEX

has tried for some years to conceal such defects
by the arts known to the tailor. Business men
attach more importance to clothes than they ever
did before. The man who is well dressed stands
a better business chance than he who turns his
collar backward and forward several times a
week, Russell Sage to the contrary notwithstand-
ing.

But what avail the best of clothes if hung upon
a slouching figure? And of what use is physical
culture or the advice of the specialist who decrees
long walks in the open air, when our future Fal-
staff has to attend strictly to business from 8
until 6, despite his ever-increasing proportions.
A New Substitute for Outdoor Exercise.

The minute there is a demand for anything
that demand is supplied. The latest thing is a
device by which a man can obtain all the benefit
of outdoor exercise without leaving his own room.

A vibrating machine has been arranged which
is warranted to decrease the bulk, to strengthen
the weak, and to give vim and vitality to the de-
pressed in spirit.

Together with this vibrating machine is a com-
bination of many devices for increasing the circu-
lation of the blood, thereby burning up carbon,
or fat, and decreasing the weight, while at the
same time building up the tissues of the body.
We have all of us probably benefited by the
electric-light bath, or perhaps by a bath in violet
rays, and again the magnetic current has been
helpful.

The newest bath which, with the vibrating ma-
chine, is now in use for both men and women is
a combination of all of these factors, and the
results it achieves are astonishing even to the
conservative medical world. The bath box is fit-
ted with a back screen of red and blue slides, be-
hind which is a powerful arc light, and in front

are the magnetic poles, which give forth invigo-
rating currents. The bather, whose head emerges
and is kept cool by wet clothes, sits in the box,
heated by the strong light until his pores begin
to throw off some of the poisonous substances
which have clogged his blood. After the bath and
a rest vibrassage treatment is given him, particu-
lar attention being paid to exercising the muscles
of the waist, hips, and legs, and all such muscles
as would come into play in the course of a long
walk. The vibrator is a powerful one, regulated
according to the likes of the subject, who soon
feels the stimulating and invigorating influence
of the rapid movement. The whole process takes
but a short time; ten minutes of the heavy vibrat-
ing treatment gives one the sensation of having
gone at least on a five-mile walk.

Treating the Bald Spot.
The man who walked in — or, rather, dragged
himself in— before his bath marches out with
chest erect, with energetic step, bright eyes, and
a healthy color which can not be bought either in
jars or bottles. Probably before he leaves the es-
tablishment he has had that bald spot on the
back of his head that is beginning to worry him,
and which some of his near friends have begun to
jeer at, treated with hand vibrassage. Why, in-
deed, should he go bald ever 1 It is not a reason-
able thing to do in the days when hair can be
had for the trouble and the slight expense of mak-
ing it grow in again ! It is always the first step
that_ counts. Once a man has got interested in
retaining or reconquering his youth along
hygienic and sensible lines he becomes as great
an enthusiast at the game as do the women, and
the time is rapidly approaching when we shall
have no more old men, just as we have no more
old women.

— New York World.

Famous Duel on Mississippi Sand

ENCOUNTER BETWEEN MADDOX AND WELLS ENDED IN A FREE-
FOR-ALL. IN WHICH TWO WERE KILLED AND THE IN-
VENTOR OF FAMOUS KNIFE WAS WOUNDED

pROBABLY the most famous of all the
-■- innumerable hand-to-hand fights which
flecked the forefront of American civiliza-
tion with blood was that which took place
upon the sand bar opposite the city of
Natchez, Miss., in which both grandfathers
of the present Governor Blanchard, of
Louisiana; Colonel James Bowie, the in-

ventor of the bowie, and nine others were
participants.

And so numerous and varied have been the ac-
counts of that noted duel to the death that there
exists to-day a great deal of misinformation con-
cerning it, says a writer in the New Orleans
Times-Democrat. The spectacle of sinewy men,
desperate and infuriated, struggling at close
quarters for their lives, is one toward which the
attention of men of all classes instinctively turns
with a thrill of sympathetic interest, which

THE PANDEX

273

proves how slightly removed from the primitive
conditions of life we are, after all. And it is fit-
ting that the facts concerning this bloody battle
shall be gathered from indisputable sources and
placed in orderly array before they have become
lost in the changes wrought "not by time, but in
time."

Twelve Men in the Fight.

One very generally credited story of the sand
bar fight gives the number of wounded as fifteen,
and the killed as six; whereas the fact is that
only twelve men were actually upon the sand
bar at the time the fight took place, and of
them but two were killed and two were wounded.
And this is the evidence not of those who mere-
ly heard about the conflict, but of eye-witnesses
and participants themselves.

The battle was fought on September 18, 1827.
It grew out of a duel between Dr. Thomas H.
Maddox and Samuel I. Wells. It came as an un-
expected incident upon the heels of the bloodless
and satisfactory arrangement of the differences
between the principals after they had twice
faced each other upon the field of honor and
twice emptied their pistols at each other at short
range.

Among those who accompanied the principals
and seconds to the scene of the encounter were
Richard Cuney and Colonel Noris Wright.
Cuney was on unfriendly terms with Colonel
Crain, who was the second of Dr. Maddox, and
after the adjustment of the trouble between
Maddox and Wells, cursed Crain, and advancing
with his pistol drawn, declared that this was a
good time to settle their misunderstanding.

This act precipitated the general fight which
ensued. When it was all over Cuney and Wright
were dead and Colonel "Jim" Bowie and Alfred
Blanehard were wounded.

The affair gave rise to much talk at the time,
and many unfortunate and unfounded rumors
arose out of it. It was natural that the affair
should be exaggerated, and it has developed into
a story that bears but few earmarks of the orig-
inal. The following statement of the fight was
written by Dr. Thomas H. Maddox, one of the
principals in the duel which led to the trouble.
It was written in 1880, fifteen years before the
old doctor died, at the age of 96 years.

Dr. Maddox was, as, indeed, all of the par-
ticipants of the fight were, a prominent citizen
of Rapide Parish, La. He was a man of un-
common strength of body and mind, and one of
most unquestioned courage. Until almost the
day of his death he persisted in leading an active
life, horseback riding being his favorite pastime,
even after he had passed by more than a decade
the allotted three score and ten.

"I am the only survivor of the twelve persons
engaged in the 'Sand Bar' fight, and having seen
lately many and varied accounts of what they
call the 'Bowie Sand Bar Fight,' and there being
little truth in them. I am induced to give a true
statement of the affair, as far as I saw it.

' ' Some difficulty occurring between myself and
General Montfort Wells, or from some other
cause, which I do not recollect at this time, in-
duced Samuel L. Wells to send me a very of-
fensive 'carte blanche,' which I accepted as a
challenge, and it was agreed that we should
meet at Natchez and settle the matter, each party
leaving Alexandria September 17, 1827.

"Of my party there were R. A. Crain, my sec-
ond; Noris Wright, Alfred and Carey Blanehard,
and myself, being five of us in number. The op-
posing party were Samuel L. Wells, McWhorter,
his second; James Bowie, Richard Cuney, Jeffer-
son Wells and Sam Cuney, making six of them
in number. Having arrived at Natchez, I called
on Dr. Denny to be my Surgeon, who made num-
ber six of my party and making six of each
party, and no more.

Terms of Duel.

"Having accepted the carte blanche as a chal-
lenge, I directed Colonel Crain, my second, 'to
call on Mr. Wells and state my terms and mode
of combat, which were: To stand eight paces
apart, right side to right side, pistols drawn, to
be raised at the words, 'Are you ready? Fire!
one, two, three,' the usual way in which gentle-
men vindicated their honor.

"Mr. Wells objected to my terms, assumed
that he was the challenged party and had the
right to name the terms, as I was informed by
my second, Colonel Crain. Whereupon I told
Colonel Crain to go back and get his terms, as
I waived my right, which he did. They were :
To stand left side to left side, pistols down, and
at word ' Prepare ! ' we were to raise our pistols
in an opposite direction from each other, and at
the word ' Fire ! ' we were to fire as we chose.

"I fired across my breast. How he fired I
do not know. Two rounds were fired without
effect, and the affair was then settled by Mr.
S. L. Wells withdrawing all offensive language.
We shook hands and were proceeding to my
friends in the edge of the woods to take a glass
of wine as a cement.

"Dr. Denny and myself were a few paces
ahead of the others of the party, when General
Cuney, James Bowie and 'Jeff' Wells came run-
ning down on us. General Cuney saying to Colonel
Crain that this was a good time to settle their
difficulties, he, Cuney, and James Bowie drawing
their pistols.

Shot the Leader.

"Colonel Crain saw at a glance how things
stood; therefore he shot the one whom he con-
ceived to be the 'major general' of the party
through the breast, as I believe, and so it was
said at the time, for Bowie declared he was glad
there was so much powder in the pistols, as all
the balls passed out. Colonel Crain, after shoot-
ing at Bowie, who had also shot at him, wheeled
around and passed over a little wash in the
sand bar, and he and Cuney fired simultaneous-

274

THE PANDEX

ly at each other. Cuney fell, mortally wounded,
and then Colonel Grain, with an empty pistol in
his hand, turned to meet James Bowie who
was rushing upon him with his famous
'bowie' knife in his hand; and when within reach
of his arm he. Colonel Crain, struck him over the
head with the empty pistol and brought him to
his knees.

"As he arose I caught hold of him and he
threw me off and faced Wright and the two
Blanchards, who had arrived on the field from
the edge of the woods. I at that time had a
pistol pointed at me, but it was not fired, and
being totally unarmed myself, I ran to the edge
of the woods, a few paee^ off, to get my shotgun,
and on returning met Mr. S. L. Wells, who said
to me:

" 'Doctor, for God's sake don't do any fur-
ther damage, for it is all over.'

"On arriving at the seat of war again, to my
surprise I found my dear friend Mayor Wright
de^ and General Cuney dying from excessive
hemorrhage, Bowie badly wounded and Alfred
Blanchard slightly wounded. And this was the
end of that memorable affair, the 'Sand Bar
right.'

Two Only Were Killed.

"So there were two killed and two wounded
out of the twelve persons engaged in the conflict,
six on each side, and not, as has been erroneously
stated by some writers, six killed and fifteen
wounded. Nor were we ever at the. Gushing
Spring, as has been said, and where, it was said,
we sent for champagne, brandy, and cigars.

"Other writers have stated that Bowie killed
Colonel Crain in the melee and that the duel
was not between myself and 8. L. Wells. Such
contrariety of opinion is indeed singular.

"Colonel Crain and James Bowie were not so
inimical as has been represented. The only feel-
ing between them was owing to the advocacy by
James Bowie of the cause of those opposed to
himself and Major White.

"Subsequently, in New Orleans, James Bowie
invited Colonel Crain to his room, and, contrary
to the advice of his friends, he went. Upon en-
tering the room Bowie locked the door and asked
Colonel Crain to take a seat, where they had their
talk and came out perfectly reconciled with each
other.

"Thomas H. Maddox."

Equally interesting and entirely corroborative
of the main points in this statement of Dr. Mad-
dox, is the following letter, written by Colonel
Robert A. Crain, who acted as his second in the
interview with Wells, which immediately pre-
ceded the fight. This letter was addressed to
General Joseph Walker, who afterward became
Governor of Louisiana. The letter in full as as
follows :

Colonel Grain's Story.

"Natchez, Oct. 3, 1827.
"Dear Walker :— Yours of the 23d of Septem-

ber, in reply to mine of the 19th previous, I re-
ceived night before last, and will now proceed
to give you a detailed account of the unfortunate
occurrence of the 18th, to convince you that it
was not my wish to meet those men. I said to
Mr. Wells and his friend McWorter, in the pres-
ence of Dr. Penney, that there must not be per-
mitted but three of a side on the ground. You
know that I can not meet certain men that are
on the other side of the river (this was at the
steam sawmill where we met to make arrange-
ments for the interview between Wells and Mad-
dox).

' ' Wells said to me : ' Sir, I know to whom you
allude. They shall not be on the ground.'

"This I took as a pledge of his honor, but, to
our astonishment, when we got on the ground
within eighty yards of the spot where the fight
took place, there stood Jim Bowie, Sam Cuney
and Jeff Wells. Dr. Maddox asked Dr. Cox what
they were doing there. He replied:

" 'They will not approach any nearer.'

"The affair proceeded, and after two shots
apiece the matter was honorably settled to both,
Sam Wells withdrawing unequivocally his carte
blanche and all offensive language previously ap-
plied to the doctor. I will now remark for Sam
Wells that his conduct seemed to be highly hon-
orable and that of a gentleman. He proposed
that we should go up to the willows and take a
glass of wine.

An Unprovoked Attack.

' ' I observed immediately : ' No, Mr. Wells ; you
know that I can not meet certain gentlemen that
are there, but le*: us go down the river to our
friends (who were, during the fight, at least a
quarter of a mile off, but who were then ap-
proaching, as a servant had informed them of the
result), and drink and bury the hatchet.'

" 'Agreed, sir,' said he; and after collecting
the pistols that were used, a brace of which 1
gave the boy, the others I held, one in each hand,
well loaded, of course. We proceeded down the
river, angling across the sand bar and having
Bowie, Cuney and Jeff Wells immediately at right
angles from where we started under the willows;
they started and ran down the hill and in a quick
running walk intercepted us, or rather me. Drs.
Penney and Maddox were some ten or fifteen
steps ahead, Maddox entirely unarmed. Cuney
remarked :

' ' ' Now is the time to settle our affair, ' I think
swearing or cursing at me at the same time, and
commenced drawing his pistol. Sam Wells caught
hold of him, and Dr. Cuney got immediately be-
tween me and his brother, so that I could not
shoot at him then; Bowie at the same time was
drawing his pistol. I drew away at him; he now

THE PANDEX

275

says I did not touch him, but drew his fire; he
lies; I shot him through the body, as he is shot.
I could not miss him, shooting not further than
ten feet, and the object is to excuse his conduct
for killing our poor friend.

' ' I wheeled and jumped four, six or eight steps
across some litle washes in the sand bar and
faced Cuney. We fired at the same moment. His
bullet cut the shirt and grazed the skin of my
left arm. He fell.

Struck Bowie on the Head.

"Jim Bowie was at the same moment within a
few feet of me with his big knife raised to lunge.
I again wheeled and sprang a few steps, changed
the butt of the pistol, and as he rushed upon me
I wheeled and threw the pistol at him, which
struck him on the left side of the forehead, which
circumstance alone saved me from his savage
fury and big knife.

"At that moment Major Wright and the two
Blanchards rushed up. Bowie sheered off to a
leaning stump, by which he took a stand. Wright
and Bowie exchanged shots at about ten steps,
without any chance of Wright hitting him, he
behind the log and the other exhausted with
running at least one hundred yards. He shot
poor Wright through the body, who exclaimed,
'The damned rascal has killed me,' and then
rushed upon Bowie with his sword cane, who
caught him by the collar and plunged his knife
in his bosom.

"At that moment Cuney shot Bowie in the hip,
who fell instantly. Wright wheeled, made a
lunge at him and fell over him, dead. Hostilities
then ceased.

"They say I fired three pistols (they lie). I
had but two; when I fired the first at Bowie I
dropped it to cock and use the other on Cuney,
and when I threw the pistol at Bowie I was com-
pletely unarmed, without even a knife.

"They say we ran. Yesterday morning, upon
receipt of your letter, I went in company with
three other gentlemen to the ground, and I
pledge you my honor that the fight took place
in an area of less than thirty yards square, as
the blood where Cuney fell, and where Bowie and
Wright fell, which is still there, proves. There
could be little running in the small space. I set
immediately about getting certificates, which shall
be headed by a statement of my own and Mad-
dox. I could say more, but have no room. Pre-
sent us affectionately to your family and all
friends. Your friend,

"Robert A. Grain."

Within the document are the following mem-
oranda :

"Show this to Dr. Hopkins and to all my
friends, Mr. Ware particularly, Mr. La Croix
and Browns.
"To General Joseph Walker, Alexandria, La."

The postmark, which is still legible, is simply,
"Natchez, October 3."— New York Herald.

Think This Over.

Of troubles connubial, jars and divorce.
This, we believe, is the fruitfullest source —
A man falls in love with a dimple or curl.
Then foolishly marries the entire girl.

— Boston Transcript.

276

THE PANDEX

THE DEED AND THE VERSE

COMMENTS OF THE DITTY MAKERS ON SOME OF THE NOTABLE
EVENTS AND UTTERANCES OF RECENT DATE

ON TRIAL.

Oh, give us a "brittle marriage,"

A fetter that we may break
With comparative ease
Whenever we please,

If we put up the proper stake.

Oh, give us a wife on trial.

And then if we do not like
The sample we've got,
As easy as not

We can give her the outward hike.

Oh, give us a trial husband,

And if we're dissatisfied.
We can let him go
For another, you know.

To whom we may point with pride.

Oh, give us a home on trial,
A home that you read about.

And then if we find

It is not the right kind.

The kicker may pack and move out.

Oh, give us a trial baby,

A bright little crowing cuss.
And then if we — say,
Goldarn your new way,
That baby belongs to US.
See?
— W. J. L. in the New York Sun.

THE ART OF BEING A PEACEMAKER.

I tried to part two fighting dogs,

The cause of peace to beg;
But while one chewed my coattails up

The other ate my leg.

A fracas matrimonial

I undertook to stop;
The lady tried to scratch my eyes,

The husband called a cop.

Don't think I grudge him his renown
Nor bile turns green my eyes

Because the President for less
Received the Nobel prize.

But just the same for future use

This motto I have picked :
Before you interfere be sure

The parties both are licked.
— McLandburgh Wilson in New York Sun.

THE CASTLE IMPREGNABLE.

So, Wind of the North, you are faring forth

To harry us once again.
We've barkened before to your call to war

And welcome it now as then;
Such strife is good when the sluggish blood
Creeps slow in the veins of men.
So, Wind of the North,
Come forth! Come forth!
And harry us yet again.

Yestereve he came, when the sunset's flame

Had burned to an ashen gray,
And we heard him first like a far, faint burst

Of horns in the woodland way.
But he gathered might as he rode the night;

How bitter his strength, how great.
We knew at last when his full-blown blast

Rang loud at the outer gate,
And each echoing note was a blow that smote

On casement and roof and wall;
And we heard, in the wood where the titans stood,

The noise of a great oak's fall.
With buffet and blow, and the spears of snow

That drove in a smothering rack.
He taunted us sore with the challenge of war,

But gaily we flung it back,
As we heaped great logs on the hearthstone dogs

And over our leagured dome,
In a pennant of smoke from our chimney, broke

The flag of the castle — Home !

So his hordes swarmed forth all night from the
north

Investing us as we lay,
'Till the mystic, white, half-luminous night

Was merged in the whiter day.
It was then we rose in our might to close

At handgripes with the foe.
0 ! the sally out for that fierce glad bout,

Knee deep in the swirling snow !
0 ! the power to feel in his grapple of steel

Such thrilling and panting bliss
As the maiden knows, who requites with blows

Her lover's audacious kiss.
0 ! we felt no fear that our foeman here

Waged war he could hope to win.
Tor he wrought in the breast but a keener zest

For all that was housed therein,
For the love of life, for the babes, for wife.

For joys that be, and to come,
For all things there in our staunch and fair

Impregnable castle — Home !

THE PANDEX

277

Yea! Wind of the North, come forth, come forth!

And harry us yet again.
Such strife is good when the sluggish blood

Creeps slow in the veins of men.

— Catholic Standard and Times.

"HOLDIN' DE PROVIDENCE HAN'."

De harricane blow de rooftree down,

De earthquake shake de Ian',
Trouble in de country — trouble in de town,

An' you dunno whar to stan'!

You dunno whar tei»stan' —
De sea take up de Ian ' !
But we gwine 'long
Wid de courage strong,
Holdin' de Providence ban'!

Sometimes hit look lak' de sky is blin'
And de hope er we worl' gone dead,

But de big sun rise, an' de worl' he fin',
An' he put de dark ter bed!

You dunno whar ter stan' —
Trouble on de sea an' Ian'!
But we gwine 'long
Wid de courage strong,
Holdin' de Providence han'!

— Atlanta Constitution.

SWETTENHAM.

The tyrant's heel is on thy shore,

Swettenham !
His help is at thy ruined door,

Swettenham I
Avenge the earthquake's awful gore.
Command his Yanks to leave thy shore
And never come back any mor*-,

Swettenham! 0 Swettenham I

Thou wilt not cower in the dust,

Swettenham !
And take the Yankee's help, we trust,

Swettenbam! .
Jamaica's cracked and trembling crust,
The dead in burning buildings thrust,
The looters and the looters' lust
Are scarcely things to be discussed,

Swettenham ! 0 Swettenham !
Thou wilt not yield the Yankee toll,

Swettenham !
Thou wilt not crook to his control,

Swettenham !
Better the earthquake be thy goal,
Better the fire upon thee roll.
Than softening of the British soul,

Swettenham! 0 Swettenham!

The killed in Kingston now are dead,

Swettenham !
The injureds' blood has all been shed,

Swettenham !
The hungry ones need not be fed.
The leaderless need not be led,
The houseless, homeless need no bed,
The British standard, flying red,
Floats proudly o'er Jamaica's head,

Swettenham ! 0 Swettenham !
—W. J. L., in the New York World.

SAMMY.

Two years old and going on three.

Square and chubby and bold was he.

Gladly he heard his mother say:

"Don't bother me, child; go out and play!"

For out on the street were other tots,

Vaguely foi-ming their baby plots.

And babies are better chums, God knows.

Than a sobbing woman who sews and sews.

Out on the street, where trafBc swirled,
Sammy dreamed of a strange, new world.
For the street joined a hilltop far away —
A hill that he meant to climb some day.
But the street-car man was large and gruff.
And the teamster man had troubles enough.
So they paid no heed to Sammy's shrill:
"P'ease, Mister, take me up the hill."

He asked a man in a touring car,
But the man was busy, as tourists are;
He asked a coachman in livery trim.
But the coachman only glared at him;
He asked a mounted policeman, too.
With shiny buttons and coat of blue ;
The mounted policeman shook his head
And over the pavement swiftly sped.
But Sammy was brave and pleaded still:
"P'ease, Mister, take me up the hill."

One fine morning — the air was clear —
Sammy thought that the hill seemed near;
And while he was hailing a truckman grim
His baby feet proved false to him.
And the people knew, as the car ground past,
Sammy had climbed the hill at last.

— W. F. K., in the New York American.

NAVAL RATINGS: THE STOKER.

Twenty knots, and a call for more.

And the ladders ring to the running feet —
Down, down, down to the black iron floor,

Down to a world of furious heat
Where nothing matters but coal and steam.

And men who work for a spell and swoon.
Think of the cool night wind and the gleam

On the deck of a f ale half moon.

Slice and feed, and a climb to the main

For a minute 's smoke and a glimpse of the stai'S,
Then four hours' sleep and back again

To clear the clinkered furnace bars — '
Back again to the cones of light,

The flying shovels, the white-hot glare.
And if a stoker faints to-night,

Well, the Admiral, he won't care.

Below the glistening water line

He works in a heat that blights and clings.
But he sometimes shouts a joke to his mate,

And sometimes, even, sings;
And if one day his heart gives out.

Pulling and pushing the slicing rod.
Three rounds of blank, and a prayer or two.

And a quiet grave, thank God.

— From the Speaker.

278

THE PANDEX

in N^lT^rK

A Story of Waste
RICH AND POOR ALIKE CARELESS

— Adapted from
the New York
World.

■S^WMk

Food, Fuel and Drink by the Millions

APROPOS of modern social conditions
aud economic discussions the New Yorli
World prints the following :

Were you dreadfully extravagant during 1906?

Did you make a special effort to see how much
water, gas, coal, food, and even money you could
burn, waste, or throw away in the year just
closed ?

Of course not.

But the fact remains that in 1906 every man,
woman, and child numbered among the four mil-
lion inhabitants of New York City contributed
his or her share to a list of wastes and extrav-
agances which, in cash, represents a total prob-
ably exceeding one hundred million dollars.

Ont' hundred million dollars is a great deal of
money to waste in one year without knowing
it. Very few people, in fact, will feel inclined
to believe that such a thing is possible. But
the carefully compiled figures and statistics given
on this page, all based on most conservative esti-
mates of what New York did with its money in
1906, seem to indicate that the sum total extrava-
gance of the people of this city for one year
reaches this astounding figure.

We are solemnly informed by experts that we
wasted two and one-quarter million dollars'
worth of water in the last twelve months. Offi-
cials of the Board of Water Supply have repeat-
edly asserted that at least one-half of the three
hundred million gallons of water supplied to the
city every twenty-four hours is allowed to run
to waste.

What We Waste in Water.

Every man, by personally applying this to his
own case, can easily understand why this should
be so. For instance, in washing the hands and
face, instead of pouring into tlie bowl just suffi-
cient water to wash in, the average person washes
under the tap, allowing the water to run for
three or four minutes, or until he is finished.
The flow from the average household spigot is
one quart every ten seconds or so. This means
about six quarts a minute, or twenty-four quarts
of water in the four minutes consumed in wash-
ing the hands and face, where one-fourth of that
quantity would have been sufficient. And this is
only one item in the enormous waste of water.
Defective' plumbing, worn-out washers, which
sometimes allow the taps to run twenty-four
hours a day for days and sometimes weeks before

THE PANDEX

279

being replaced, leaking supply pipes, and the
other millions of gallons drawn from fire hy-
drants instead of from the river, all contribute
to make a total of 150,000,000 gallons of water
allowed to run to waste in New York City every
day throughout the year.

One hundred and fifty million gallons of water
a day means 54,750,000,000 gallons in one year, or
exactly one-half of the total estimated wattr
supply furnished New york City in the present
year. To find how much this wasted water repre-
sents in dollars and cents, it is only necessary to
cut the total cost of New York 's water supply into
two equal halves. One-half, or $2,250,768, repre-
sents the sum extravagantly wasted for water
we did not actually need.

Extravagance in Buying Coal by the Pail.

It is not the rich alone who are extravagant
in this city. The poor, too, are extravagant with-
out seemingly being aware of it. The very poor
wasted about $750,000 in 1906 on coal, by buy-
ing it by the pail instead of by the ton. In
defense of this it may be said that the poor

can not avoid buying in small quantities. The
absence of suitable storage places and the money
to buy a ton at a time make it necessary to buy
by the pail at ten cents a pail. It has been sug-
gested that if sixty-five poor persons would club
together, contributing ten cents each to buy a
ton of coal, they would get over thirty pounds of
coal each for their ten cents instead of only
about twenty pounds, which they receive for
their money under the single-pail system of
buying. In other words, every New York fam-
ily buying coal this way pays $10 a ton for it
instead of only $6.50 or $7.

New York's household coal consumption in
1906, according to the most reliable estimates,
was 3,500,000 tons, and of this about 185,000 tons
were bought by the poor from the tail of the
coal hawker's wagon at ten cents a pail. Three
and one-half million tons of coal at an average
price of $6 a ton would represent $21,000,000
which New York people paid for coal this year.
Out of every ton of coal bought probably
twenty pounds was wasted by being unconsumed

P\>^\V^^

$20,000,000 Was Spent for Theater Tickets in New York in 1906.

—New York World.

280

THE PANDEX

New York Spends $1,000,000 a Day for Alcoholic
Liquors.

— New York World.

or thrown away or unsifted. This, in round fig-
ures, adds another million dollars to the sum
total of New York's extravagances and wastes
for the year.

for 1906.
A Few Items in New York's Expense Bill

Alcoholic Beverages 36.5,000,000

House Rent 250,000,000

Cigars and Tobacco 22,000,000

Theater Tickets 20,jOOO,000

Coal 21,000,000

Ice $ 10,950,000

And another $292,000, estimated, may be added
for illuminating gas extravagantly burned. New
York consumes 19,006,840 cubic feet of gas every
twenty-four hours for lighting, cooking, and
heating. Five per cent is a very conservative
estimate of the amount of gas extravagantly
burned, but it means 1,000,000 cubic feet a day,
or 365,000,000 cubic feet a year. This at 80
cents per 1000 brings nearly $300,000.

Far more serious and costly is the extravagant
waste of ice. Two and one-half millions of dol-
lars is the estimated value of the total amount
of ice paid for, but never used, in one year or
paid for at an extortionate price by the poor buy-
ing in very small quantities. New York's aver-
age daily consumption of ice during the summer
is 20,000 tons. At an average price of one-
quarter cent per pound, this means $100,000 a
day spent for ice. This average is cut down to
about $30,000 a day all the year round, which
brings the cost for New York's ice in 1906 to
$11,000,000 in round figures. One-fifth of all
the ice bought and paid for is allowed to go to
waste. Tons and tons, in small pieces, are left

to swelter and shrink on doorsteps on broiling
hot days until some thoughtful person takes them
inside. By buying in very small quantities tran-
sient customers pay an average of one cent a
pound for ice. This is extravagance, of course,
just the same as buying coal at ten cents a pail.
But if the very poor are extravagant and
wasteful in these small matters, the average citi-
zen, the well-to-do and the rich, are proportion-
ately extravagant in their larger expenditures.

The Rev. Madison C. Peters, pastor of Epi-
phany Baptist Church, is authority for the state-
ment that New York spends $1,000,000 a day,
$365,000,000 a year, for beer, wines, and spirits.
It is an open question, of course, how much of
this can be considered waste or how much is
spent foolishly or extravagantly.

There are sixty theatres and half a dozen music
halls in New York City, exclusive of institutes
and museums, with a total seating capacity of
107,354. The average price for seats ranges
between $2 and $3 compared with 50 cents and
$1 in other cities. New York pays the highest
prices for theater and opera seats of any city in
the country. An average of 80,000 people pay
for seats at theatrical performances here every
day in the season at a total cost per day for
seats of about $200,000, or very nearly twenty
millions of dollars for the year. Here, again,
is an open question as to how much of this
may be considered to have been spent extrava-
gantly. But as the same number of residents of
other cities did not spend more than one-half
of that sum to see the same or similar perform-
ances later on, New York's theater bill in 1906
will be regarded by out-of-town people, at least,
as twice as large as it ought to have been,
based on the price paid for seats. And this
$20,000,000 paid for seats at the theater does
not include the enormous total sum spent for
dances, balls, and other forms of public enter-
tainment not regularly included under the head-
ing of theaters.

Our Enormous Tobacco BiU.

New York's annual bill for tobacco, cigars,
and pipes is now $22,000,000, an average of more
than $5 per year for every man, woman and
child. Many men spend twice that sum every
week on tobacco and cigars. Others spend about
five cents, and a great many others spend nothing
at all. The women and children are not sup-
posed to have an account at the tobacconist's.
Not all the cigars paid for are smoked. Much
of the tobacco bought for pipe smoking is thrown
away unconsumed. At a fair estimate about
one-third of New York's cigar and tobacco bill
represents either extravagant buying or waste,
adding another $7,000,000 in round figures to
this city's bill of extravagances for the year.

The Waste of Food.
In hotels, restaurants, and even in private
households there is an enormous waste of food.
A food expert recently made the startling an-
nouncement that the 3,000,000 bread-eaters in
New York City wasted an average of one-quarter

THE PANDEX

281

of an ounce of bread daily. This is equal to
17,109,375 one-pound loaves per year, or sufficient
bread to feed the 250,000 inhabitants of Newark,
N. J., during a period of ten weeks.

Think how many matches, pencils, pens, and
pins you extravagantly dispose of every week,
and then think of 4,000,000 people doing the same
thing and multiply the total by .52. The answer
will give you an idea of the enormous quantities
of thesfc' useful articles which the people of New
York City recklessly disposed of in 1906. The
bread wasted is estimated at $85,546 ; pins, $36,-
800; pencils, $250,000; pens, $75,000.

Even life is extravagantly wasted in New
York City according to the vital statistics com-
piled by the Insurance Press. It is shown that
in this city some one is killed every one hour
and three-quarters. A New Yorker perishes by

has existed, apparently, an overwhelmingly pop-
ular sentiment in the city, as well as throughout
the State, that such a great municipality should
pay the maximum price for everything it might
require. If this sentiment had been satisfied
by the payment of high salaries and wages it
might have been excusable from some points of
view; but it was not, and the demand for more
money from the public treasury has extended
to every class of expenditure.

"It is not easy — ^in fact, not possible — to deter-
mine accurately how much the expenses of the
city have been increased in recent years by the
lax interpretation of an imperfect law and the
tolerance of a public sentiment that demands
proof of crime on a large scale before becoming
aroused to a condition of effective action. It is
safe to say, however, that a perfect system of

Some of New York's Extravagances in 1906 and What They Mean in Money.

Water, 54,750,000,000 gallons wasted $ 2,250,768

Coal, wasted or extravagantly bought 1,000,000

Gas, 365,000,000 cubic feet wasted 300,000

Ice, wasted or extravagantly bought 2,500,000

Food, 'enough wasted to feed 50,000 people for one year 10,400,000

Bread, enough to feed 250,000 people for ten weeks • 85,546

Pins lost and wasted 36,800

Pencils lost and unused 250,000

Pens lost or thrown away -. 75,000

means of street ear, elevated or subway train
either by being run over or by collision every
six hours. A drowning casualty comes to light
every eight hours and a life is lost in a burning
building in the metropolis every fourteen hours.
The accidental deaths in this city last year, ac-
cording to these figures, were more than 5100.

It is a matter in dispute as to how much more
money New Yorkers pay out than they properly
should for rent and other household expenses
during the course of the year. A recent esti-
mate, which there is no possible way of verify-
ing, placed the total wasteful extravagance in
foodstuffs for one year at $10,000,000, sufficient
to feed a city of 50,000 inhabitants for one year.
Think of that! This city wastes enough food
to give three' good meals a day to every underfed
or hungry person in the city and have much left
over.

Bird S. Coler prepared an article for publi-
cation in his term as city controller, in which
he showed why New York City is the most ex-
pensively governed municipality in the world.
He showed that the combined annual expenses
of the largest six states in the Union were less
than those of the city of New York.

Extravagance in Governing the Ci^.

"The magnitude of the city in wealth and
population," Mr. Coler declared, "has always op-
erated against economj' in local government. There

buying in the open market at the lowest prices
obtainable, if honestly enforced, would save to
the taxpayers more than $1,000,000 a year."

How the Poor Wasted $750,000 in 1906 by
Buying Their Coal at 10 Cents a Pail, Equal to
$10 a Ton. —New York World.

282

THE PANDEX

ANOTHER TALE IN CARTOONS.

FROM ILLUSTRATIONS RECEIVED TOO LATE FOR CLASSIFICATION

ELSEWHERE.

HE MAY HAVE LA GRIPPE.
Apropos of the Jamacian Earthquake.

— Detroit Journal.

THE PANDEX

283

WILL THEY KILL THE GOOSE-
That Lays the Grolden Eggs?

— Chicago New*.

284

THE PAXDEX

PRIVATE THEATRICALS. NO. 1.

Mr. Rockefeller (as Macbeth) — * * * "My way of life is fall'n into the sear, the yellow
leaf; and that which should accompany old age, as honor, love, obedience, troops of friends,
I must not look to have." —Chicago News.

THE PANDEX

285

THE TAX LINE.

-New York World.

286

THE PANDEX

AT THE HORSE FLIES' CONVENTION.

The Honorable Chairman.— We will now consider the question of automobiles, the alarm-
ing increase of which seriously threatens the future of our profession. —Puck.

The Hunter, the Animal, and the Revenge

KILLED A SILVER FOX

New Jersey Man. Has the Luck to Get a Most
Valuable Fur.

Sidney Hunter of the Dripping Springs neigh-
borhood was in the city recently and was show-
ing a foot of a silver gray fox he had killed.

Mr. Hunter was out squirrel hunting and his
dog jumped the fox, which Mr. Hunter was for-
tunate enough to bring down. The fox had evi-
dently been shot before, as he had only one eye,
which accounts for its running so close to Mr.
Hunter. This will prove an exceedingly for-
tunate day's hunt for Mr. Hunter, as the skin
of a silver gray fox will bring from $150 to $300
on the market. — Princeton Leader.

WILD DOGS OF INDIA.

Ferocious Beasts Which Render the Lives of All
Others Perilous.
The Indian wild dog which has just been re-
ceived at the Zoological Gardens is of a general

rusty red color above, passing into whitish on
the under surface, and it has a long bushy tail
of a dark brown or blackish color. In appear-
ance it much resembles the common fox, but
in build is more like a jackal, being larger and
standing some few inches higher.

These dogs are most ferocious beasts and no
animal seems to be safe from their attacks, even
tigers, buffaloes, and elephants retreating before
their advance. They always hunt in packs of
from five or six to a dozen, and if unable to
pounce upon their quarry unawares, pursue it
until it collapses from exhaustion. They hunt
by night as well as by day, and were they as
plentiful as the jackal it is certain that the wild
game animals of India would soon be altogether
exterminated.

The one redeeming feature about them is that
they avoid the neighborhood of dwellings and
refrain from attacking man or domesticated ani-
mals. In captivity they are most untamable
beasts, and never show the slightest signs of
affection or regard for those who minister to
their wants. — London Daily Graphic.

THE PANDEX

287

A MONSTER WILDCAT

Arizona Hunter Brings Down the Record Feline
in That Region.

M. H. Ruiz recently brought to town the skin
of the biggest wildcat ever seen in this part of
the country. He killed it along the Arizona canal.
There were four of the eats, one of them, says
Ruiz, bigger than the one he killed, but it was
not so belligerent.

This cat, instead of running away, advanced
upon him, growling and spitting. The animal
was about to spring when Ruiz shot, the ball tak-
ing effect in the head, killing it instantly. The
skin was more than four feet from tip to tip.
The length of a wildcat is mostly in its body,
for the tail does not greatly effect the linear
measurement. This cat was bigger than some
mountain lions and it was probably more de-
structive.— Arizona Republican.

TIGERS REARED BY DOGS.

Collies Suckled Two Striped Babies in the
Tower Menagerie in London.

An interesting experiment by which two tigers
are being reared by dogs is at present the sub-
ject of general attention at Blackpool. A day or
two ago three tigers were born at the Tower
Menagerie.

The mother was unable to sustain them, and
as they were threatened with death if something
was not quickly done the manager, James
Walmsley, introduced two female collies, under
whose care the cubs are thriving remarkably.
The foster mothers appear delighted with their
new responsibilities. — London Daily News.

CAT HUNTS LIKE BIRD DOG.

Points and Retrieves and Catches 154 Birds
During the Season.

Groveport claims the distinction of having the
champion bird cat in Ohio. The owner of this
cat is Lewellyn Wilkinson. At the beginning
of the bird season the cat, which is called Frank,
would follow Mr. Wilkinson to the field and
would persist in hunting. The cat would make
a circle of about 200 feet around his master
and upon discovering a quail or a covey would
rise on his hind legs and stand perfectly still
until the owner would come up to him.

If a bird was killed he would retrieve it. He
would carry the bird in his mouth, always catch-
ing it by the wing. Should the bird be wounded
he would follow it until it was caught and then
would bring it in.

Mr. Wilkinson says that during the whole sea-
son he has not lost a bird and that the cat has
been with him every day that he has hunted.

Neither has the cat flushed a single or a covey,
but has always given warning when the birds
could be expected.

Mr. Wilkinson states that the cat was raised
with some bird pups and that when he was train-
ing these pups the cat would follow and that he
presumes it gained its knowledge or instinct
from that training. He says that the cat has
retrieved 154 birds during the season. — Colum-
bus Evening Dispatch.

MOUSE THAT ROBBED RAILROAD

Mysterious Thefts From the Till of the Cashier
Are at Last Explained.

A mouse caught in the act of till-tapping has
cleared up a mystery which has bothered the
agents in charge of the union depot here. Prom

V CHAS.KE:iLUS& CO W
HIGH GRADE CLOTHIERS

No Branch Stores. No Agents.

WE CATER ONLY TO MEN
THAT ARE PARTICULAR ABOUT
THEIR CLOTHES AND ARE WILL-
ING TO PAY ONLY LEGITIMATE
PRICES. EVERYBODY KNOWS
THAT THIS SHOP HAS NO SALES.
WE DON'T CONFUSE YOU WITH
MAKE-BELIEVE BARGAINS.

Our garments are free from that
ordinary look so usual in most
shop clothes. The most promi-
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make clothes for us. Our new
spring models will incite admira-
tion of critical dressers.

King Solomon's Hall

Fillmore St., near Sutter

San Francisco

288

THE PANDEX

time to time money had disappeared from the
sale of tickets, and an investigation had already
been ordered by the department when the odd
discovery was made.

A mouse was seen to creep out from its hole,
take a bill from the till and start back for its
hiding place. A search revealed the nest of the
rodent lined with bills of all denominations.
Several were intact, but most of them were badly
chewed and mutilated. — Marshalltown Corre-
spondence Des Moines Register and Leader.

CHARMS WOLVES WITH FIDDLING.

FOUGHT SNAKES FOR THREE HOURS

Big Ben, Moccasin, Spurned Human Assistance
in Shedding His Skin.

For more than three hours battle was waged
in the snakehouse of the Bronx Zoo between
Charles Snyder, head keeper of the snakehouse,
and Big Ben, a six-foot moccasin snake. So
fierce was the fight that before it was over
Snyder was forced to call to his aid Raymond
L. Bitmars, the curator of the reptile house, and
John Twomey, assistant keeper. On the snake
side of the engagement Big Ben was sufficient
unto himself, giving all three men all they
could do to handle him, and gashing the hand
of Twomey so badly with his long teeth that the
man was forced to retire from the contest.

For three or four days the snakes in the moc-
casin cage have been irritable owing to their
inability to cast their skins in the natural way.
When free the reptiles rub the fragments off
on the sides of rocks and the bark of trees, but
in Bronx Park captivity they are compelled to
rely upon the aid of their keeper. As a rule
they are far too sluggish during the season
to do more than strike feebly at the man who
comes near them, and this was the case with
most of the dozen or more reptiles when Snyder
entered their cage.

The keeper had been putting off the moment
as long as possible, but was afraid that if he
waited longer some of his charges might die. He
had worked for half an hour, when it came Big
Ben's turn to be aided to disrobe. Instead of
submitting, the reptile struck at Snyder's hand
and wiggled away into a corner of the eaee.
Each successive attempt on the part of the
keeper met with the same result. Then the
moccasin tried to wrap itself around the keeper.
He called for help and Twomey answered. Both
men tried to hold the snake, Twomey throwing
a sack over its head. This plan answered for a
time, but Big Ben slid free and struck at
Twomey 's hand, gashing it so badly that the
man was forced to leave the cage.

Then the curator came to the assistance of
his subordinates, and after a protracted strug-
gle succeeded in relieving Big Ben of the dead
skin which covered him. All through the fight
the keepers were hampered by their endeavors to
avoid hurting the snake, which is a very valuable
one. — New York Herald.

Backwoods Musician Tells Strange Tale of Beasts
Dancing to Ragtime.

Wirt, Minn. — Henry Hinkins, a homesteader,
was treed last night by wolves while going to
play his fiddle at a lumber jacks' dance. When
rescued by the lumber jacks the musician de-
clared that for two hours he had serenaded the
wolves while they danced and cavorted with
abandon to the strains of ragtime and other
more sedate musical renditions.

Hinkins, who lives halfway between Wirt and
Houpt, started on his seven-mile tramp through
the woods early in the evening. When he had
gone about two miles he heard the howls of
timber wolves. Soon he saw the beasts pursuing
him.

He hastily climbed the six-foot stump of a
giant pine broken off by a storm. The half
dozen wolves snapped at his heels.

Hinkins began to find the situation uncom-
fortable, when it occurred to him that he might
distract the attention of the wolves by playing
his fiddle. At once he began on "Teasing."

Hinks says the wolves immediately became
quiet ; then the lively air caught their fancy, and,
swaying their bodies in unison with the music,
they began the best imitation of a cakewalk he
had ever seen, the big gray leader was es-
pecially active, _ and cut more f aatastic pigeon-
wings than the biggest 'buck' that ev€r led a
Cakewalk.

By the time "Teasing" was finished Hinkins
had warmed to the woi:k, and struck' into the
"Blue Danube" waltz. Again the wolves per-
formed their gyrations 'in time to, the music.

So he continued to. play waltz after waltz,
with a two-step thrown in now and then, and an
occasional divergence to ragtime. And still the
wolves leaped and bounded to the strains of
the music.

The strange performance continued until the
lumber jacks, eager for dance music, set out in
search of Hinkins, whom they found playing for
his life. The wolves were killed and Hinkins
was carried on the shoulders of the 'jacks' to
the dance hall, where he played all night.— -Chi-
cago Tribune.

TO DOMESTICATE EIGHT FOXES

An Attempt to Raise Foxes in Captivity for
Their Beautiful Fur.

An interesting experiment is being conducted
at Petersham, Mass., by J. H. Gafney, one of
the leading residents of that town, who has un-
dertaken the domestication of eight foxes. They
are comfortably housed in a two-story cage,
with ample room to move about and play.

One fox is a native of Petersham, another was
brought from Maine, a third from Western New

THE PANDEX

W. P, Calkins. President

Hartford Building

Percy C. Pickbell. Manager

The Pandex of the Press

Telephone Central 6765

Chicago, III., Dec. 1, 1906.
Gentlemen :

What do you think of this plan of getting your advertising for nothing?

By advertising in The Pandex of The Press, you reach that separate
and distinct company of good people which you can attract through no other
magazine.

It is paid for each month by over 54,000 people. From this it is safe to
argue that it has over 200,000 monthly readers.

We shall devote certain of its columns to clean, classified advertising. We
will take nothing less than six lines, nor more than twelve. Count
eight words to a line. "We shall charge for this service, $9.00 a year for
a six-line monthly ad. payable semi-annually in advance. This will make the ad.
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Very sincerely yours.

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CLASSIFIED

FOR SALE.

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Industrial properties (paying more than) 6 per cent
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SONG WRITING.

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RAG CARPET WEAVING «'«^r
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709 Fifth St., Oakland. Cal.

290

THE PANDEX

York, and the others were obtained in different
localities. They, however, recognize no dis-
tinction because of birthplace and dwell in per-
fect harmony.

Mr. Gafney has had the foxes about a year,
and if the animals show a disposition to breed
in captivity he intends to engage in raising
foxes for the beautiful fur which their coats
yield.

While the foxes show themselves to be pretty
much contented with their surroundings they are
reluctant about making friends outside their
own circle. They shy at all advances and display
no taste for petting except at mealtime. Their
favorite food is raw meat, but they enjoy pea-
nuts. The appetite for this latter delicacy was
acquired and largely through their imitative
faculties.

When the first peanuts were offered them they
sniffed a bit and turned up their noses. Mr.
Gafney thought it over and then proceeded to
the cage of raccoons near by. The sly foxes were
watching him out of the corners of their eyes
and saw that the raccoons eagerly devoured the
peanuts. Mr. Gafney, too, was aware that the
foxes were interested and so he turned to them
again and offered a handful of peanuts. Hav-
ing satisfied themselves that anything good
enough for raccoons was good enough for them,
the foxes accepted the peanuts and now daily
accept them together with their other food. —
Boston Globe.

A SMOKING-CAR COMEDY

Mr. Sixthree (gruffly). — This seat engaged?
Man by Window. — Looks like it, doesn't it?

A MONOPOLY ON CHICKENS

How a Shrewd Kansas Man in Africa Arranged
a Corner in Fowls.

"For months and months following the Boer
war in South Africa I was the only man living
in the Transvaal who owned a chicken," said
Jake Hildebrandt of Capetown, Africa, recently.

"I began raising poultry as a sort of hobby,"
he said. "Then I saw there was a lot in it, so
I. began raising poultry on a large scale. Now
I'm called the 'poultry king of Africa,' and
every chicken in the Transvaal can trace its an-
cestry to my farm.

"In the war all the chickens were killed. I
made a contract with the Government to take
all the chickens I could supply for two years.
The Department of Agriculture bought the
chickens and distributed them among the farm-
ers to get another start in poultry in the coun-
try. I imported a lot of fine stock from Eng-
land and America and fitted up my farm of
eighty-eight acres for raising the fowls. I used
sixteen incubators and the hatching capacity
of the farm was about 5000 a month. I sold the
fowls at from $1.25 to $20 each, the average
being about $3 a fowl. You can well believe that
only few chickens are eaten in that part of
Africa. ' ' — Chicago Tribune.

II.

Mr. Sixthree. — By gosh! No hog can impose
on Me !

(Continued on Page 292.)

THE PANDEX

291

OPPORTUNITY

NOW KNOCKS AT YOUR DOOR

Do You Hear Its Call?

If sleeping, WAKE ; if feasting, RISE before it turns away

This is the tide that may lead you to fortune, if you will use your eyes and
ears as every sane man should do. The most Jar-reaching and comprehensive

REAL ESTATE INDUSTRY

ever organized in California invites you to share in its success by helping to promote its business.
How ? Listen !

THE SOUTHWESTERN BONDS AND FINANCE COMPANY

With stock fully paid and non-assessable, has taken over the business of the Pacific States
Realty Company, 961 Fillmore street, San Francisco. It has enlarged the plan of operation
so as to cover the whole State of California.

One hundred thousand shares of this gilt-edged, non-assessable stock are now
for sale at 10 cents a share. It is certain to increase with astonishing rapidity.

WHY? BECAUSE

Within the next few years fifty million acres in the San Joaquin, Sacramento and Santa
Clara valleys will be subdivided into small tracts, and within the same period many towns
will double and treble in population and commercial importance. Every portion of Cal-
ifornia is today increasing in value.

The annual transfer of city and country property foots to an appalling sum, with more
sales every year. With offices throughout the State, and skillful representatives in every
county seat, the Southwestern Bonds and Finance Company will reap large profits in the
way of commissions. Its success depends upon the prosperity of no one section. It has
no one tract to boom.

This company, with its many ramilications and agents, is in a positioa to handle a large percentage of the ever-growing business of the towns,
cities and farm acreage of the State.

A. H. Jordan, an expert insurance special agent, is president of the company; A. Mittleman. an expert real estate agent, is secretary, and the
directors are Matthew Brady, attorney and notary public; Dr. A. S. Adler, of the Board of Health of San Francisco, and others of undoubted
standing in the business world, such as W. H. Miller, of San Bernardino, and W. R, Van Wormcr of Paso Robles. C, A. Kingston, of Santa
Ana, are stockholders. Depository. California Safe Deposit and Trust Cotnpany. Attorneys. Berry 4 Brady,

Are you today sharing in the profits of the great activities that characterize California?

If you become a stockholder in a corporation that is to have agents in every county seat and town of importance in the State, you will be in a
position to participate in the general prosperity.

Get in line, so that the California Promotion Committee's work will benefit you; so that everything done by a board of trade, by a town,
or by an individual, to advertise the State will add to the value of your assets. If you own stock in an institution whose prosperity depends
upon the prosperity of the entire State the arrival of every colonist will make your bank account stronger than it was when you invested

Money should be sent direct to the Uptown Branch of the California Safe Deposit and Trust Company

1740 Fillmore Street

CASH COUPON

To the California Safe Deposit and Traal Co
Uptown Branch, 1 740 Fillmore St,, San Fraodico

Please reserve for me Shares oF Stock o

S. W. B, «t F. Co,, for which find enclosed $

NAME

C.1,

f the

TOWN

STATE

CREDIT COUPON

Please reserve for me Shares of Slock of the

S, W. B.&F, Co,, for which 6nd inclosed $

being one-tenth of the full amount, 1 promise to pay the bal-
ance in six equal monthly installments,

NAME

TOWN

STATE.

Please mentton The Paiidex when ^rrltlng; to Advertlsera.

292

THE PANDEX

s , (Continued from Page 290.)

XAi_ ^^.r^ —

; III.

• Mr. Littleton (meekly). — Pardon me, sir, but
'this seat is taken.

—Puck.

EAGLE ATTACKS HUNTER

Wounds Him With Beak and Claws, But Is
Finally Captured.

Winsted, Conn. — While hunting rabbits in
Hinsdale, in Berkshire County, recently, James
E. Bolger had his hands and legs badly clawed
and lacerated by a large golden eagle. He shot
a rabbit, which he hung on a low limb of a tree,
and continued on his hunt.

When ready to go home he returned for the
rabbit, and found a large bird pulling away at
the carcass. Bofger then shot at the bird and
broke its wing, bringing it to the ground. As
he undertook to capture it the bird put up a
fierce fight, and used its beak and talons on
Bolger 's hands and legs with great force. The
battle lasted five minutes. The bird is a fine
specimen and measures six feet from tip to tip
of wings.— Washington Post.

HUNTING JAGUARS IN MEXICO.

Thrilling Adventure with a Big Cat in Valley
of the Paniico.

■ In front of the market at Tampieo there lie
always numerous canoes of all sizes and varieties,
operated by the Indians of the "up country."
Hollowed out of monsttr logs, some of them are
sixty feet in length and often six feet wide and
are the floating homes of the owners and their
families. A framework of boughs, thatched with
palm leaves, in the sttrn does for the dwelling,

while in the bow a partition is placed and behind
it dirt is filled in. On this a Are can be built,
over which the big brazier — that is the one cook-
ing vessel used by the natives — is placed when
cooking. When coming to town the load of sugar
cane, pineapples, bananas, vegetables, or fruits
is placed amidships and the native drifts idly
down with the current.

Nosing around among the empty canoes, we
soon found one, in the bottom of which were
lying two athletic, half-naked Indians, sound
asleep in the sun, their faces covered with their
big sombreros. Your native Mexican does noth-
ing in a hurry, and while the member of our
party who spoke Spanish dickered with the
natives who owned the boat the rest of us sat
on the wharf with our feet dangling over the
water, ate pineapples, and swore under our
brfcath at the delay. At last the bargain was
completed. We had already secured a small
steam launch. With this we were to tow the
canoe up the river, using the latter for side ex-
cursions into shallow water. By 9 o'clock the
next morning we had started.

Late in the afternoon of the third day we drew
up alongside the bank, where in an open space
stood several Indian huts built of poles and
thatched with palm branches and grasses. As
soon as we had had our supper we' invited the
head man on board the launch, and, dropping
the mosquito netting, lit the lanterns and
broached the subject of our visit. Our guest was
a herder and an expert tiger (or jaguar) hunter,
and it was for the purpose of securing one of
these spotted terrors that we had come so far.

"Si, senors, " he said. There were tigers. He
had lost a cow and two goats within the last
two weeks and could take us where the tigers
were, but warned us that they were very fierce
and dangerous animals, and could not seem to
understand why we should take the risk of shoot-
ing them when it was so much easier to use
poison.

Early the next morning, when the air was still
heavy with the odors of the night, we started
up the river. We had left the two boatmen and
the canoe behind us and carried with us Manuel
Gonzales, our host, and a young kid, the latter
to be used as a lure. An hour's ride brought
us to a point of land which ran out and pointed
up the river. The dense jungle ran down to
the water's edge and covered this point except
for an open space about fifty feet in diameter,
which ran down to the water and over which
extended the gnarled branches of a great tree.

Our guide informed us that some little dis-
tance back from the river was a big llano covered
with long grass, where the cattle grazed, and that
the game we were after frequently came down
to this point to drink and fish. First taking
the kid ashore, he tethered it to a stake, and
then regaining the boat he allowed it to drop
down behind a bush and next secured it where
it would not be seen by any animal coming out
of the jungle, while at the same time we could

THE PANDEX

293

SOME PAPERS OF SPECIAL INTEREST
THAT ARE APPEARING IN

The Arena Magazine

THE RAILWAYS By Alfred Russel Wallace, D. C. L., LL. D. A
pQJ^ notable contribution by the eminent scientist and social

THE ISTATTON philosopher dealing with how the people can gain posses-

sion of the railways in America in accordance with Her-
bert Spencer's law of social justice. This paper, which is one of the features of the
January, 1907, issue, should be read by all thinking Americans, because of the radical
manner in which he advocates the people taking possession of the natural utilities.

SECRETARY ROOT By David Graham Phillips. Mr. Phillips is every-
AND HIS PLEA FOR where recognized as one of the most fearless and in-
C^FNXUAT TyATTOlV cisive champions of Fundamental Democracy, and this

paper — which will. appear in the February issue — by this
strong and 'brilliant journalist will doubtless occasion much discussion.

OTHER FEATURES OF THE JANUARY AND FEBRUARY

ISSUES ARE:

THE TRUTH AT THE HEART OF CAP-

' ITALISM AND OF SOCIALIS\f. ' ' By

Prof. Frank Parsons, Ph. D. i ■

RECENT ATTACKS ON CHRISTIAN
SCIENCE, WITH A SURVEY OF THE
CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MOVEMENT,
ITS IDEALS AND ACHIEVEMENTS.
(Illustrated.) By the Editor of "The Arena."

OUR INSULT TO JAPAN AND THE
SERIOUS QUESTIONS IT INVOLVES.
By C. Vey. Holman.

MUNICIPAL ART OF SPRINGFIELD,
MASS. (Illustrated.) By George Wharton
James.

PAYING CHILDREN TO ATTEND
SCHOOL. By Prof. Oscar Chrisman.

SPOILS AND THE CIVIL SERVICE. By
Frank Vrooman.

CHILD SLAVERY; DEMOCRACY'S PRES-
ENT BATTLE WITH THE MOLOCH
OF GREED. By the Editor.

THE RAILWAYS OF GERMANY. By Prof.
Frank Parsons.

CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGES DE-
MANDED TO BULWARK DEMO-
CRATIC GOVERNMENT. By Hon.
Walter Clark, Chief Justice, of North Caro-
lina.

PHOTOGRAPHY: ITS TRUE FUNCTION
AND ITS LIMITATIONS. (Illustrated.)

QUESTIONS OF OVERSHADOWING IN-
TEREST IN GERMAN POLITICAL
LIFE. By Maynard Butler.

JOAQUIN MILLER ANSWERS THE CRITI-
CISMS OF H. G. WELLS AND CON-
TRASTS BOSTON AND NEW YORK.

SPECIAL INTRODUCTORY OFFER: Send 50c in stamps, money order
or coin, and we will send you the December, January, February and March issues as a trial
subscription.

ALFRED BRANDT, Publisher

35.3 BRANDT BUILDING TRENTON, NEW JERSEY

Pleas« mention The Pandex when vrrltlnff to Advertisers.

294

THE PANDEX

from the bow command a view of the kid as it
moved about at the end of its tether.

Nothing remained but to wait. The kid had
purposely been kept from water the night before
and as the sun beat down upon it it began to
bleat loudly. Hour after hour it kept up its
monotonous complaint, while we sat with cocked
rifles in tense positions, bvery nerve strained to
catch the slightest indication of the approach
of our quarry.

Every one who has hunted dangerous game
has experienced the wear on the nerves of wait-
ing and watching under such circumstances. The
heart beats like a triphammer, and it seems as
though it must be audible at a long distance.
Let but a leaf flutter or an insect come into one's
line of vision and it thrills you, while the jaws
become locked like a vise. Hour after hour
passed with no sign. At last darkness fell, and
after a lunch of crackers and a pull at the water
bottle we curled up in the bottom of the boat
for a troubled sleep.

Daylight found us eating our cold, meager
breakfast, as Manuel would not allow a fire,
claiming that the smell of the smoke would
frighten the game.

The clouds were low and heavy, and by 10
o'clock the rain began to fall in a slight drizzle.
Patiently we waited while the reiterated
"ba-a-a-a" of the kid dinned in our ears. It
seemed as though the sound must fill the whole
jungle and attract every wild animal for miles.
As the afternoon slipped away two of the party
stretched themselves out on the thwarts and their
stertorous breathing soon announced the fact
that they had lost all interest in hunting of any
kind. Manuel and the third member of the
party still remained crouched in the bow of the
boat with their eyes searching every shadowy
recess and ears strained to catch the slightest
sound.

Suddenly the kid stopped its noisy clamor and
stood listening intently. It then began to run
around its tethering pin in an effort to escape,
but uttering no sound. "Ahi viene el tigre" —
"Here comes the tiger" — hissed Manuel, .and
then added in a whisper, "Tenga cuidado, senor,
porque es un animal muy malo" — "Be careful,
sir, for this is a very bad animal."

With finger on trigger we watched, scarce
breathing. Five minutes passed, and then we
seemed to feel rather than hear Manuel's,
"Cuidado, senor, cuidado," and saw him indi-
cate with his eyes the center of the big tree I
have mentioned. It was several seconds before
we could discover, close to the trunk, a large
body stretched along the great limb which ex-
tended over the opening. Slowly we could make'
out the rounded bulldog head, the brilliant eyes,
and the black markings on the yellow skin. Not

a sound did he make as, with his ears flattened,
his mouth partly opened, and every muscle as
tense as a coiled steel spring, he slowly advanced
along the limb, presenting as terrible a sight as
I had ever witnessed. The kid, conscious of im-
pending danger, was wildly running around in
circles.

We were waiting for a body shot, as the great
beast's head was so flattened against the limb
that we were afraid the bullet would glance from
his skull. By this time he was in full view, and
as we watched him. his tail suddenly stiffened,
his claws sank deeply into the wood, and a

(Continued on Page 295.)

SOME MINOR IDEAS— No. I.

Some time when his work is well in hand
President Roosevelt is going to stay awake all
night and think of an idea that nevpr occurred
to Mr. Bryan. — Chicago News.

Not Becoming Apparel.

— St. Louis Globe-Democrat.

THE PANDEX

295

(Continued from Page 294.)
nudge from Manuel, who lay beside me, his
heavy machete gripped tightly in his hand, told
me the crucial moment had come. Aiming at his
foreshoulder in the hope of reaching his spine,
I prtssed the trigger.

What followed occurred in one-third the time
it takes to describe it. As the report broke the
deathlike stillness, I saw the great body launch
out into the air, strike the ground, and thtn
hurtle through the air toward the boat. I had
broken his left foreleg where it joined the
shoulder blade, and the ball had passed out
below the spine on his right side. We had un-
consciously jumped to our feet and, seeing us,
he had leaped for the boat.

The impact of his heavy body drove it some
three feet from the shore, dropping his hind
legs into the water, and while with his one good
foreleg he was endeavoring to draw himself
aboard while struggling for a purchase with his
hind feet, the sharp blade of Manuel's machete
descended on his fearful foot, at the same mo-
ment that, with an almost unconscious movement
I thrust the rifle in his face and fired. The dis-
charge was nearly full in his open mouth, and
the bullet passed down through the spine and
out his back. There was a momtntary shudder,
a convulsive effort to retain his grip on the gun-
wale, and then the mighty cat sank out of sight
in the stream that it tinged with red and from
which we dragged it with a boathook later.

As we turned we saw a very funny sight. The'
two sleepers, who had been awakened by the first
shot, seeing the jaguar make his leap, and not
having their guns at hand, had jumped over the
stern of the boat into the river, -but as the dead
beast dropped into the water they scrambled
aboard with an alacrity that made even the
saturnine Manuel smile.

It took a good half-hour to rescue our game
and get it ashore, where we found it measured
seven feet four inches, as large as they generally
grow. Leaving Manuel to skin it, we immedi-
iately began the prepairation of the first warm
meal we had had in two days, and by the time
both tasks were done it was dark. — New York
Sun.

DOGS IN DEMAND AS HOLIDAY GIFTS

Boston Terriers the Present Popular Craze and
Demand Is Greater Than Supply.

Dogdom is having its Christmas innings. Keen
activity has been the slogan ever since the first
of the month, and dealers have been so hard
pressed' for the 'goods' that they have actually
been heard to assure would-be patrons they were
"sold out."

For a month at least there has been a frenzied
'market' in Boston terriers, French bulldogs,
Pomeranians, and a very strong 'bull' movement
in English toy spaniels, Japanese spaniels, York-
shire terriers and all branches of the terrier
family.

Boston terriers, however, are undoubtedly the

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like to do — in the way nature intended you ahould, so that they
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296

THE PANDEX

present craze. They have been excellently and
cleverly boomed, so much so that their sponsors
would have one believe there never was such a
dog before. So great is the demand for this
mixture of "terrier and bull" that anything
with 'cute' markings and 'cute' ways is being
retailed as a "Boston terrier."

All the cities and towns in the eastern section
are being scoured for animals with pink ears,
any kind of dark markings on a white back-
ground and vice versa, and this city is snatching
them up by the 'bushel.'

Fictitious Prices for 'Bostons.'

The prices of these offspring of 'any old kind
of terrier,' plus a 'splash' of the bulldog, are
beyond all dreams of fanciers of longer estab-
lished varieties, and anything marked according
to the dictates of the originators of the 'Boston'
sells for from $200 to $1000.

An accepted judge of the variety and a promi-
nent manager of dog shows, when asked what he
thought of the Boston terrier's claims to ad-
mittance in the American Kennel Club stud book,
and how he accounted for the Boston terrier
craze, said: "Why the Boston terrier has
leaped into such astounding popularity is enig-
matical. Personally, I have never made any
secret that I do not admit them as entitled to
rank with more soundly established breeds. And.
although I have for some years been on the list
of judges of the Boston Terrier Club, many of
the members know I consider the variety holds a
too exalted position in dogdom.

' ' In my estimation Boston terriers are stamped
with the bar sinister; they look what they are,
nor can they ever look anything else. How long
the general public will accept them as worthy of
such high consideration gracious knows, but in
ray opinion the Boston terrier fervor will soon
become tepid and the breeds which it has at pres-
ent outstripped will return to the posiricn they
are entitled to hold.

"I refer to bull terriers, French bulkbgs, fox
terriers, Irish terriers and all such \arieties.
There is a distinctive individuality in any one of
these breeds, and all trace of questionable an-
cestry has for some years been extinguished.

"With a Boston terrier the question is differ-
ent. He is not distinctive, but palpably a mix-
ture of one or another of the bulldog family
and a terrier. This questionable parentage must
always remain stamped on a Boston terrier."

If one wants to discover the 'business' that
is being transacted in Boston terriers a trip
to the Cedar Kennels of that city will be in the
way of an eye-opener. Mr. Cedar has agents in
every city and town, who are kept busy supply-
ing headquarters.

Sold Fifty Bostons in One Day.

Mr. Cedar told me yesterday that he has sold
as many as fifty Boston terriers in one day, the
prices ranging all the way from $3.5 for weaned
puppies to $350 for adult dogs. "You see me
now," he said, "cleaned out of every Boston

(Continued on Page 298.)

SOME MINOR IDEAS.-^NO. II

In about 100 years from now, when we use
sane spelling, we shall see whether Roosevelt or
those who are now making fun of him occupy
the more space in the hall of fame. — Chicago
News.

If Congressmen are to receive more pay we

should be notified before the next election and

then we could take pains to elect $7500 men.—
Chicago News.

-Philadelphia Inquirer.

THE PANDEX

297

Why Don't You
Get a Hold
On the Earth

And Prosper with its Rising lvalues?
Fortunes have been made in eUerp State
in the Union by the increased Values of
lands. There is but one California.

Every colonist, every birth makes the acreage of Cali-
fornia more valuable. Each year migration comes toward
the mild climate of the Pacific. The gateway of commer-
cial opportunity is ours.

Do you own any land here? Why not acquire some
and MAKE YOUR DOLLARS WORK WHILE YOU
SLEEP? It is not so difficult to do this as you may sup-
pose. TELL US WHAT YOU WANT.

Is your loose change giving a good account of itself ?
Every spare dollar should be put where it will earn good re-
turns. If you believe in California and her fertile acres, if you
have faith In her towns and cities, if you believe in her resources and geographical position you
must know that every habitable foot of California soil is an asset.

The world's line of march leads to the shores of the Pacific. You should own something before
the army of investors is here. How much soil of this Golden State do you own ? If none, is it not
time that you were considering the reason for your oversight? Suppose you had bought some
sand dunes in San Francisco twenty years ago! You'd be rich now, for fire and disaster have
not hurt real estate values.

Look at the increase in assessed values all over the State. It is one unbroken story of pros-
perity. No wonder that Henry George's theory that increase of population adds to land values is

growing in favor with careful investors. There is but one California, and investments here will grow fast.

A. H. Jordan, an expert insurance special asent, is President of the company; A. Mittleman, an expert real estate agent, is secre-
tary, and tic directors are Mattkew Brady, attorney and noury public. Dr. A. S, Adler. of the Board of Healtti of San Francisco, and
othcis of undoubted standing in the business world, such as W. H, Miller, of San Bernardino, arc stockholders. Attorneys. Berry 4
Brady, Depository, California Safe Deposit 4 Trust Co.

We are prepared to show you opportunities in city, town and country properties in all parts of California,
and we can supply them.

Make known your needs

LIST YOUR PROPERTY WITH US

Address

To Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,

961 Fillmore St..

SAN FRANaSCO, CAL.

lam interested in (town, dly or country)

California. What li«ve you fee about $..

NAME

TOWN

S:ate Terms. STATE

SOUTHWESTERN
BONDS & FINANCE CO.

961 Fillmore Street

SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.

Plea«e mention The Pandex ^vhen nritine: to AdverllMerx.

298

THE PANDEX

(Continued from Page 296.)

terrier I had, and in three weeks I have sold at
least 250 specimens."

Turning to the more aristocratic breeds, busi-
ness evidently runs in grooves. Mrs. Moses
Johnson, of that city, for instance, recently had
a dainty little black Pomeranian which she said
she could not sell at half its real value, and
eventually became so disgusted she practically
"gave it away." "It's curious," she added;
"I can sell all the English and French bulldogs
I can put my hands on. Last week I sold six
French bulldogs, including an especially nice lit-
tle dark brindle dog for $450. But it doesn't
matter what new breed takes the popular fancy,
the old standby is the English bulldog, and as
long as there are dogs in the world the English
bulldog will always be a prime favorite."

Pomeranians are going great guns in popular
estimation, and justly, for no more picturesque,
elfish or delightful little companion exists among
the toy varieties. A really good specimen, with
a coat like a bristling muff, and so short in back
as to be perfectly 'square,' is worth all the way
from $750 to $1500.

Lively little chaps, however, solid brown or
black in color, but not quite up to the mark in
texture of coat, are being snapped up at from
$250 to $400 each, while ordinary specimens are
easily worth $150 each. English toy spaniels
would seem to be losing their grip in popular
favor, and judging from the moderate collection
gathered together at the Waldorf-Astoria show,
new blood is sadly needed. In fact, a poorer lot
of these short-faced, long-eared, pleading-eyed
pets, has not been seen for some years. It would
seem no effort is being made to replace such
famous champions as the Bleinheim, Rollo, the
Prince Charlie, Darnell Kitty, or the King
Charlies, Perseverance and Sampsons, while their
rival Ashton Favorite seems to have lost his
bloom. — New York Herald.

HOTEL FOR DOGS FILLS NEED

Aristocracy of the Canine World Can Now Get
Board in England With Fine Kennels.

Dogs' Hotel, Tom Brown's country. Dogs re-
ceived during owners' absence from home. Ex-
cellent exercise grounds. First-class references.
Apply Managers, Dogs' Hotel, Idstone, Shriven-
ham, Berks.

The above advertisement in a weekly sporting
journal prompted a Daily Mail correspondent to
visit Idstone, an old-time hamlet nestling under
the Berkshire Downs.

A more congenial spot for the purpose, he
writes, could hardly be found and the history of
the house itself is closely bound up with the
canine race. At one time it was a roadside inn
and bore the name of "Trip the Daisy," after a
hound belonging to the Earl of Craven.

The Dogs' Hotel, which may be reckoned the
Hotel Ritz of the canine world, has accommoda-
tion for some twenty dogs in the hotel proper,

though there is room for several others to board
with the family.

The aristocracy of the dog world — Pekinese,
Japanese, or any pet by special desire — are kept
in the house, but the others are domiciled in the
annex. Here each animal has separate quarters
and large, roomy kennels. The latter word is
rather a misnomer, where everything that is es-
sential to the dog's health and comfort is to be
found.

No dog is kept chained at Idstone Park. The
proprietor of the hotel has strong opinions about
chaining animals up and no one sending pets to
his establishment need have fear they will suffer
from any indignities of that description.

Attached to the kennels are three roomy pad-
docks, where paying guests can romp to their
hearts' delight, with no restraining influence,
while twice a day they are taken to the downs,
practically just across the road from the hotel,
(Continued on Page 300.)

SOME MINOR"iDEAS.— NOTlll"

A Judicial Journey.

— St. Louis Globe-Democrat.

And the Tide Still Rising.

^St. Louis Globe-Democrat.

THE PANDEX

299

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PORTLAND. ORE

Copyrighted by
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Pleaac mnition The Pandez n-hen writini; to Advertisera.

300

THE PANDEX

(Continued from Page 298.)
for a fine scamper. And as the land is the prop-
erty of the Countess of Craven, whose mansion
is within easy walking distance, is not preserved
and teems with hares, the doggy, if he has any
sporting instinct, can give vent to it without
troubling any one.

A happier time than that spent at the hotel
could hardly be wished for, and the clientele of
Mr. Parkes proves that he is filling a long-felt
want of those members of society who are winter-
ing abroad, and, being cognizant of the restric-
tions of the Board of Agriculture as to the im-
portation or reimportation of dogs into the coun-
try, are sometimes perplexed as to the welfare
of their pets during their absence. — London cor-
respondent of New York Herald.

SOME MINOR IDEAS. NO. IV.

ONTARIO'S GREAT HUNTING RECORD

Three Thousand Deer Killed in the Fifteen Days
of Open Season.

Montreal. — According to officials of the Grand
Trunk Railway, whose lines tap the best sports-
men's territory in Ontario, the returns show that
hunters had a full measure of success last fall.

During the fifteen days' open season of 1906
the Canadian Express Company alone trans-
ported 3100 carcasses of deer, with an aggregate
weight of 318,215 pounds, all of these being
shipped from points on the northern division and
Ottawa division of the Grand Trunk, against a
total of 2796 carcasses in 1905, or an increase
of 304 deer, with an increase in weight of 11,-
820 pounds.

The districts from which the largest numbers
were shipped were the Maganetawan River
(Burk's Tails), Trout Creek, South River, Lake
of Bays (Huntsville), Kearney, Powassen, and
the Haliburton region. This number, of course,
cannot be taken as an estimate of the number
killed, as a large number are eaten by the hunt-
ers in camp and a large number are transported
home by the settlers.

When it is considered that nearly five thou-
sand hunters were in the several districts during
the open season, and that each hunter is allowed
by law two deer, it can be conservatively esti-
mated that close upon 10,000 deer were killed
during the fifteen days of the open season be-
tween November 1 and November 15.

Instead of diminishing in numbers, the deer
in the "Highlands of Ontario" are increasing.
The woods are full of them, and the game laws
are so well enforced by the Ontario Government
that good hunting in that territory is assured for
years to come.

Without a doubt the hunting season of 1906
in the Province of Ontario has seen the largest
influx of hunters that has ever been. Not only
from the towns and cities of Ontario have the
Nimrods turned out in large numbers, but from
the sister province of Quebec and from the
United States many have taken advantage of the
well-known attractions that appeal to lovers of
sport and the life in the woods following the
chase. — New York World.

But, oh, for the hand of a vanished 'touch,'
And the voice of a good thing killed !

— St. Louis Globe-Democrat.

Alone on the Prairie — Done in Oil.

— St. Louis Globe-Democrat.

A REAL FISH STORY

Red Horse Swallowed Diamond-Studded Set of
False Teeth.

"I go fishing about once every year," began
the man from Memphis, "sometimes on the St.
Francis, sometimes at Reelfoot Lake, sometimes
I go to Michigan, but every once in a while I
like to get up in the Ozark country, in Missouri,
and fish in the beautiful clear streams of that
lovely region. Some years ago I joined a St.
Louis party and went for a two-weeks' camp-
ing trip on the Gasconade. It was a mixed crowd,
men and women, some solid business men like

THE PANDEX

301

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Please mention The Pandex when vrritlns: to Advertisers.

302

THE PANDEX

myself, and some inclined to be rather sporty,
though all were eminently respectable. One of
the party was a lady of rather uncertain age,
but kittenish. She was great on clothes and
jewelry, had a leaning toward the stage, and
was a steady patron of the race tracks. One day
she made a haul on a 40-to-l shot, and being
pretty well loaded with diamonds in the ordinary
way, she took a notion to follow the lead of an
actress she was daffy about, and have one set in
her teeth. She was rather short on the natural
articles, but she had a pretty good plate filled
with molars and bicuspids, and so forth, so she
bought a good-sized sparkler and turned it and
the plate over to her dentist, while she went into
retreat for a few days.

"Well, nobody could deny the fact that she
had a dazzling smile, but to a plain man like
myself it was rather disconcerting at first.
However, you got used to it after you'd been in
her company a while, for she kept the diamond
exposed pretty much all the time.

"It was a gay party, all right, and we had a
mighty pleasant trip, but one day the lady under
consideration was leaning idly over the edge
of a boat, gazing into the crystal waters of a
deep pool, when another boat, run by an un-
licensed engineer in our party, butted into hers.
With a gasp and a blood-curdling scream that
dislocated her upper maxillaries, she tumbled
over into the water, and when they fished her
out she had lost much of the freshness of youth,
and there was a lack of plumpness about the
mouth that made her look like she was in the
last stage of consumption.

"She had to admit her loss, but she was so
knocked out by the shock that she took the first
train back to St. Louis and left us to search for
the diamond. We did our level best, you may be
sure, for a $200 diamond is worth going to some
trouble about, without considering the matter of
teeth; but we couldn't find a trace of it, and
after a whole week spent in the neighborhood we
returned to our homes. The lady got her an-
other plate, and was soon as plump and rosy as
before.

"It was a year after this, and all of us had
forgotten the incident, when a fish-cleaner at one
of the stalls in Union Market at St. Louis picked
up a big red horse, a fish that is quite common
in Missouri waters, and was cutting it open when
his knife struck something hard. He dug around
carefully, and when he brought the hard thing
to light he nearly fell over in a fit, for it was
the missing plate of teeth set with the diamond,
still intact. Of course, the story got out and into
the newspapers, together with an elaborate ac-
count of the loss on the Gasconade, and the lady
was so mortified that as soon as she got her dia-
mond back, which she did after paying a good
round price for it, she went to New York. It was
altogether a lucky thing for her, though, for
the advertisement she got out of the business
helped her to a first-class place in the chorus of
a comic opera company, and she's still circling
'round the country showing her teeth to delighted
audiences." — St. Louis Globe-Democrat.

MAN WITH A 'NIGHT EYE'

Trapper Who Oan See Only in the Dark Works
When Others Sleep.

Montreal. — Within the past year several re-
ports have been received here concerning a hunter
and trapper of the Lake St. John district who
is forced to labor at night, as his eyes are so
constructed that he is unable to see at all plain-
ly in the day time. This man, who is known
as the 'Owl,' but whose right name is Jacques
Lombard, is a queer character in many ways,
and by some is regarded as a hermit.

Verification of Lombard's peculiarity of vision
was recently furnished by a fur trader named
Jepson, who spent a week with the trapper and
was able to observe him carefully. He maintains
that the 'Owl' is possessed of 'night eyes,'
which completely reverse ordinary visual condi-
tions and force the man to hunt and trap at
night. In fact, according to Jepson, Lombard
is utterly powerless to withstand ordinary rays
of the sun, such an exposure causing intense
pains at the base of the brain.

A local oculist says that the so-called 'night
eye' is not unknown to physicians, although it is
rarely observed except in albinos, where lack of
coloring pigment saturates the eye with light and
forces the person afflicted to shield the visual
organs from atmospheric rays.

"There are several causes for the 'night
eye,' " he says, "the most common being con-
genital cataract, macula, corneal leucoma and a
condition of the retina which makes it ultra-
sensitive to the sun's rays. The first is an
opacity of the crystalline lens and can usually
be corrected by operation. In macula or corneal
leucoma opacity is also the cause. When the
retina — the inner coat of the eye containing the
nervous apparatus necessary to vision — becomes
supersensitive, photophobia may result, but only
in rare instances. Wherever causes tend to
dilate the pupil more than common, the 'night
eye' results.

"When the retina is sensitive to ordinary sun
rays the tendency of the iris is to close the pupil,
that the retina may be protected from light. In
darkness the iris will open abnormally in order
that more rays than common be admitted. Per-
sons afflicted with ultra-sensitive retina, or with
opacity, abnormally develop the expanding
muscles of the iris just as an athlete may ab-
normally develop the muscles of his arm. The
longer they live the stronger these iris muscles
become, and the better they can see in the dark-
ness.

"The vision of a cat is better in the night
than in the day, because its iris has the power to
expand greatly. In strong light the iris will
contract and make it possible for the cat to see,
but not to the same degree. The eye of the owl
is arranged for night work only, the iris having
little contracting power."

As Lombard has never visited a physician, the
cause of his affliction is not known, but it is be-
lieved to be due to an ultra-sensitive retina.

THE PANDEX

303

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304

THE PANDEX

Whatever may be the reason it is certain that
he can not stand ordinary light, while at night
he is able to see well. The extent of his vision
may be judged from the fact that he shoots ac-
curately at 200 yards and can find a pin dropped
among leaves when the night is so dark that an
ordinary man would be forced to grope his way
through the forest. The darker it becomes the
better is the trapper's vision, moonlight nights
being less suited to his work. When light is
entirely absent the pupils enlarge so as to seem-
ingly cover the entire iris, while at noon on a
bright day the pupils are the size of pin points.

Shortly before Jepson visited the trapper,
Lombard was forced by circumstances to sub-
ject his eyes to strong light, and the lids were
greatly inflamed. But this condition disappeared
after he had remained in a dark room twenty-
four hours. To him the room was light until a
lamp was introduced, when, as he expressed it,
darkness radiated from the lamp. This explana-
tion brought out the fact that the flash from a
rifle appeared to him to be a black streak, mo-
mentarily clouding the atmosphere. To his eyes
a searchlight would darken all objects touched
by its powerful rays, and the letters of an elec-
tric sign would spell in black.

The trapper's visual affliction has rather aided
than interfered with his work, as most of the ani-
mals whose pelts he seeks are nocturnal rangers
and he can observe their habits with his own eyes.
He has a cabin at the outlet of a small lake,
which forms the source of the River Croche,
lying due west of Dablon. Here Lombard sleeps
during the day, and commences his duties at
night. His traps are strung for three miles

along the lake and in the forests adjacent to it,
and the rounds of them are made while other
trappers are asleep.

While Lombard's life has been particularly
free from woodland mishaps, he has had some
exciting experiences with wild animals, and on
several occasions has been slightly wounded.
His hurts have never been serious, and his phy-
sical health has been almost perfect. His one
ailment has been chills and fever, which come
when the heavy dews appear in the spring and
summer.

The trapper never lacks for meat, for he is able
to take sleeping birds without effort. When it
comes to capturing partridges it isn't even neces-
sary to use a gun. They can be knocked on the
head with a stick. In fishing he isn't so suc-
cessful, as trout seldom bite at night, and even
on cloudy days the light is too strong for him.
Deer are nocturnal, as are moose, but Lombard
says they are easily shot at night, as it is then
they come to water to drink and feed on lily
pods. In the daytime they hide and take their
rest.

Jepson 's story differs from former reports in
that the trapper has possessed 'night eyes' since
birth. Formerly it was understood that Lom-
bard had been partly blinded by the explosion
of a pan of gunpowder and that thereafter he
was sensitive to light. However this may be, it
is true that the trapper's sight is better now
than it was ten years ago. He is about forty
years old and is thoroughly contented with his
lot. Apparently he has no inclination to have his
eyes treated, although he has been told that he
might be helped. — New York World.

APPLICATION FOR ADMISSION

TO THE .

Pandex School of Current History and Journalism

Name

Address^

Scratch

OUT
ONE UNE

STATEMENT: I am already a subscriber for the PANDEX
ORDER: Herewith find my subscription for the PANDEX

for the period of_

.months, during which I wish to become a student of the

PANDEX SCHOOL OF CURRENT HISTORY AND JOURNALISM.

Signed.

THE PANDEX

305

I have made and sustained
my reputation by curing

DIFFICULT EYE CASES

I devote my entire time and study to the
eye. My personal attention, even to the
smallest detail, is given to my patients.
Thougli living in a commercial age money
cannot give me the satisfaction that I re-
ceive from such letters as the one written
a day or two ago by Mrs. F. L. Wintermute
of 121 Second Street, Jackson, Mich., who
wrote me that her
case of cataract,
which had been term-
ed hopeless by others
was entirely cured by
my knifeless home
treatment. It is the
hundreds of letters
which I receive of
this nature which
make me happy in
the thought that I am
benefiting humanity
and giving vision and
siglit to those who
otherwise would be
blind and groping in
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Write me today and relieve your mind.
P. C. MADISON. M. D.
Suite 311, 80 Dearborn St., Chicago.

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THE GERMAN SAYINGS & LOAN SOCIETY

526 California St., San Francisco, Cal.

Guaranteed Capital and Surplus
Capital actually paid up in cash
Depoaits, June 30, 1906 - - -

$ 2,SS2,719.61

1,000,000.00

38,476,520.22

F. Tillmann. Ir.. President; Daniel Meyer. First Vice-President;
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BOARD OF DIRECTORS:

F. Tillmann. Jr., Daniel Meyer. Emil Rohte. Ign. Stcinhart. I. N.
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Dividend Notices

DIVIDEND NOTICE.

SAVINGS AND LOAN SOCIETY, 102 Montgomery
Street, cor. Sutter. Has declared a dividend for
the term ending December 31, 1906, at the rate
of three and one-half (3%) per cent per annum
on all deposits, free of taxes, and payable on and
after January 2, 1907. Dividends not called for
are added to and bear the same rate of .interest
as principal.

EDWIN BONNELL, Cashier.

DIVIDEND NOTICE.

CALIFORNIA SAFE DEPOSIT AND TRUST CO..
Cor. California and Montgomery Streets. For the
six months ending December 31, 1906, dividends
have been declared on the deposits In the savings
department of this company as follows: On term
deposits at the rate of 3 6-10 per cent per annum,
and on ordinary deposits at the rate of 3% per
cent per annum, free of taxes, and payable on and
after Wednesday, January 2, 1907. The same rate
of interest will be paid by our branch offices, lo-
cated at 1531 Devlsadero street, 927 Valencia street,
and 1740 Fillmore street.

J. DALZELL BROWN, Manager.

DIVIDEND NOTICE

THE GERMAN SAVINGS AND LOAN SOCIETY,
526 California Street, San Francisco. For the
half year ending December 31, 1906, a dividend has
been declared at the rate of three and six-tenths
(3 6-10) per., cent per annum on all deposits, free
of taxes, payable on and after Wednesday. Janu-
ary 2. 1907. Dividends not called for are added
to and bear the same rate of Interest as the prin-
cipal from January 1. 1907.

GEORGE TOURNY, Secretary

Pleaoe luenttoB The Pandex when wrltinK to Advertisers.

306

THE PANDEX

THE PANDEX SCHOOL OF

Current History and Journalism

Applications for Membership in the School Have been Received
from the Foljowins Places, among others:

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San Francisco, Cal.

This shows the widespread interest aroused in this unique institution

FOR MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION SEE PRECEDI»G PAGE

Richmond, Va.
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degrees in a room ten feet square a*
a cost of five-eighths cent per hour.

APPROVED BY UNDERWRITERS

Estimates and heating cost approximations

upon application. Large buildings

a specialty.

The Gas and Electric
Appliance Co,

809 Turk St., San Francisco, Cal.

FOR. BREAKFAST

GERMEA

The JOHNSON-LOCKE MERCANTILE CO., Agents

SAN FRANCISCO

Plenae meBfton The Paiadex when irritlnK to Advertiaera.

commMBuiLij/mmMih

CSTABUSHCD 1889

^3,000, 000. '-2 :

, PAID /N Cf\PITAL Z. RESERVE .

BEHNKE-WALKER

PORTLAND'S LEADING

BUSINESS COLLEGE

Elks Building - - - Portland, Ore.

Our Attendance at the Present Time is Fifty-Seven

Per Cent. Greater than that of the

Same Date Last Year

OUR $15,000 EQUIPMENT IS UNSURPASSED
FACULTY, THE STRONGEST PROCURABLE

The proprietors are teachers and business men, having worked in
various capacities, thereby combining theory with practice. In this
manner you receive the most thorough training possible.

GRADUATES ARE ALL EMPLOYED

Placed 330 pupils in lucrative positions during past
year. Had calls from business men for 707.

Give us an opportunity to train you thoroughly, and we

will place you in a good position when competent

K W. BEHNKE I. M. WALKER

PRESIDENT PRINCIPAL

Tn^^nti

MARCH

PUT THE CORK IN THE DEMIJOHN and you wontsee things:

Addptiil troni Chitdgo News
/ or THE

"FPF /^ A T f^ T XT c xt 'k^HW^'i^'^A) n r D c\7XTr^T/^ Anrn^

FOR BREAKFAST

GERMEA

The JOHNSON-LOCKE MERCANTILE CO., Agents

SAN FRANCISCO

STEAM HEA T
FROM GAS

is obtained most satisfactorily from the

Gasteam Radiator

Maintains an even temperature of seventy
degrees in a room ten feet square at
a cost of five-eighths cent per hour.

APPROVED BY UNDERWRITERS

Estimates and heating cost approximations

upon application. Large buildings

a specialty.

The Gas and Electric
Appliance Co.

809 Turk. St., San Francisco, Cal.

Helens Hall

PORTLAND, OREGON

^U^M

iii

m£^ »- ^*«^j*-^ 1

A GIRLS' SCHOOL OF THE HIGHEST CLASS

'Pupils ma\) enter at any time

Corps of Teachers, Location,

Building, Equipment, The Best

WRITE FOR CATALOGUE

THE PANDEX

SCHOOL OF CURRENT HISTORY AND JOURNALISM

Conducted by ARTHUR I.- STREET,
Editor of The Pandex of The Press

Free Scholarships

N. B. Anyone sending one new subscriber to The Pandex of The Press will receive
a free Scholarship in the School for the period of One Year. See application
blank on third page.

A Gift

Two Millions

Two million dollars were given
about three years ago to Colum-
bia University to found a School
of Journalism. The donation
was made by Joseph Pulitzer,
the proprietor of the New York World, one of
America's greatest daily newspapers, and was
rightly heralded as an important contribution
to the cause both of the press and of education.
But for three years some of the' most distin-
guished educators and journalists of the country
•endeavored to formulate a curriculum for the pro-
posed school, without succeeding, either to their
own satisfaction or to that of the founder.

The Basis

of
Journalism

The reason, probably, was very
simple. They did not begin with
the basic principle. That prin-
ciple is not technique. It is not
professional training. On the
contrary, it is something that underlies tech-
nique and professional training. It is som,*-
thing that must be taught or acquired before the
technique and professional training are entered
upon. It is something without which these
qualities have nothing to work with.

Briefly speaking, this something is CURRENT
HISTORY — the scientific observation, assimila-
tion and interpretation of the events, incidents,
and humanities of the current day. All journal-
ism, of whatever class, is based upon this. With-
out it there is no journalism. And the degree of
success in any phase of journalism is measured
by the extent to which this study is prosecuted.

Believing that the cause which
The Pandex -^j. PuHtzer's endowment rep-
School of resents so generously can be
Journalism materially advanced, and, at the
same time, the public interest
be stimulated in a branch of education and cul-
ture which has hitherto been much neglected. The
Pandex of The Press has established a School
of Journalism of its own. And, in order to make
it clear that the basic principle of journalism is
incorporated in the school, it has named the insti-
tution THE PANDEX SCHOOL OF CURRENT
HISTORY AND JOURNALISM.

The entire conduct of the school is in the
hands of the editor of The Pandex of The Press,
Mr. Arthur I. Street, a man who has spent his
entire lifetime in this special line of work, and
who has won a national reputation by what he
has learned and taught in this exclusive field.

Associated with Mi-. Street are other widely
known journalists, each engaged at, very heavy
expense. One of them is now on the staff of the
New York Tribune and was for many years man-
aging editor of Harper's Weekly. He is also
widely known as one of the best short story
writers in the country. Another of them is Leigh
H. Irvine, a practical newspaper man whose pro^
fessional style has been accepted in the highest
press circles as standai'd, and who is the author
of a well-known work entitled "Style Code." A
third associate is one of the most broadly ex-
perienced, practical newspapermen in the country,
viz., Edwin Emerson, Jr., the war correspondent.

Tuition
Will Be
Free

Tuition in this school is en-
tirely free. Any person inay
enter it, subject to the condi-
tions which can be learned on
application, and continue until
he receives his certificate of graduation. The
only matriculation requirement is that he read
and write the English language. The courses
begin at any time, and end when the student is
professionally qualified for some practical post
connected with journalism.

Actual service in the branches of journalism
for which students may prove to be qualified will
be offered throughout the course, and, wherever
possible, any financial benefit accruing for such
service, over and above the cost of administra-
tion, will be turned over to the students them-
selves. In this way the school will have the
unique and invaluable feature of preparing its
students for self-support as they progress with
their education.

Local

The essence of journalism being
observation, the course begins
with work calculated to develop
Observation this faculty. Every student is
expected to make note of the
things which happen in his own vicinity. This
applies to incidents and events of all sorts, but
especially at first to those which happen under
the student's immediate observation; whether on
the street, in public meetings, at the farm, on the
country road, in the schoolhouse or the church,
in the mines, or anywhere. The quality of the
student's work will be judged by the nature
and extent of the observations.

All observations are to be writ-
Local ^^^ down and sent to the School,

where they will be edited and
Reporting corrected, and returned to the

student with instructions' calcu-
lated to improve the further writings and to
direct the observation in the proper channels.

The aim of the student in this work should
be to make as complete and entertaining a
story from day to day, as is possible, of the
community in which he lives or of the circle
in which he moves. Reports should be sent
daily wherever practicable, and not less fre-
quently in any event than weekly. Judgment
as to the quality of the student's work will
be based partly upon the student's judgment
in the matter of frequency. Whenever any
event is important, it should be written out

Records

and sent in at once, exactly as if it were in-
tended for publication in the local paper of
the morning following the happening. The
extent to which the student follows this in-
struction will determine, very largely, the ex-
tent to which he is qualified for further prog-
ress in journalism.

All students, in addition to
Permanent writing down the reports of
events, will be expected also to
keep a permanent record of the
same, so that the record may be
referred to at any time. Such record should take
the form of an index. Complete copy of the in-
dex of all that has been written for each week
must be sent to the School, where it will be edited
and corrected, and a copy retained in the penna-
nent nfcws index of the School. This will serve at
the same time as a record of the student's
work, and will be used in estimating the stu-
dent's standing.

Lessons will be given at regular
Comparative intervals on the comparative'

news events of various towns
Study ^juj interests represented by the

students. Students will be ex-
pected to make compilations and draw inferences
from these comparisons, in accordance with sug-
gestions made by the directors of the School.

Lessons will also be given at regular inter-
vals in the larger field represented by the news
of all places thruout the world. This study will
be comparative, and each student will be re-
quired to observe and analyze the relation of the
news of his community to the news of the general
press. This course will be almost exclusively for
advanced students.

The course in comparative study
Editorial leads up to the course in Edito-
rial writing. This is for ad-
vanced students only. An-
nouncement of the details of
the course will be made later.

Writing

Magazine
Writing

Wherever students manifest the
faculty of observing news and
other matters of interest which
are broader than those which
appertain peculiarly to the
newspaper, tliey will be graduated into the Maga-
zine Department, and will be trained for prac-
tical service in that field. Announcement of de-
tails of this course will also be made later.

Students manifesting a faculty
for story-writing, either in the
form of the short story or of the
book, will be given the benefits
of the School, and coached in
accordance with courses to be announced later.

Fiction
Writing

Practical
Work

Wherever students prepare ma-
terial which is available for
publication, such material will
at once be made use of either
in the columns of the daily and
Sunday press,* or wherever else it may be most
serviceable; and compensation will be made to

the student in proportion to the amount of editing
required to prepare the copy for this use. Thus
every student has the opportunity, from the be-
ginning, of gaining the practical experience that
comes of having one's work in print.

As the student improves in qualification, as-
signments of work will be made and the stu-
dent required to execute certain missions un-
der stipulated conditions. Compensation will
be returned for this in proportion to its prac-
tical value.

From time to time, fully qualified students
will be graduated into active journalistic
work, as openings develop for them in various
fields.

APPLICATION FOR ADMISSION

TO THE .

Pandex School of Current History and Journalism

Name

Address

Age

Previous Education, and Experience in Journalism^

THE PANDEX OF THE PRESS

Edited by Arthur I. Street

INDEX TO CONTENTS

Series II.

MARCH. 1907

Vol. V, No. 3

COVER — Speculation and Panic. Adapted from
Cartoon by Bradley in the Chicago News.

FRONTISPIECES—

Teddy and Democracy. — Cleveland Plain

Dealer.
Railroad Vivisection. — Detroit Journal.

EDITORIALi — Lawsonism Again 307

A DEMONSTRATION IN SPECULATIOX. 315

First Encounter 315

Coppers ^ 316

Watch Trinity *318

Trinity's Final to the Hounds 318

To Influence Buying Sentiment 324

Public Spanking 324

SaUBEZING OUT THE UNEARNED MONEY. . 327

To Fight Overcapitalization 327

Hill Road Is Enjoined 32S

New Attack on Great Northern 328

Prosperity too Great 329

Standard Gets No Amnesty 330

To Sue for Franchise Taxes 330

Pays Up $3,170,000 Back Taxes 330

Subsidy "Wins by a Trick" 331

To Hold Oil and Mineral Lands. . 332

Fences to Come Down 334

Big Graft for Investors 336

Walsh Misused Millions 336

Traction Profit Given 337

Financiers Against Cortelyou 338

Oil Trust Advertising 339

President Was Inquisitive 339

Mr. George B. Cortelyou 340

VERSE — Centralize 340

PRESIDENTIAL BIOSCOPE — Told in Cartoons. 341

A DINNER AND A CLASH 344

The Kingdom of America 346

VERSE 350

GOVERNMENT AGAINST PERSONALITIES... 352

Roosevelt Beats Down Enemies 352

Senate a "Minstrel Show" 352

Roosevelt Like La FoUette 354

Records of the Senators 356

Afternoon with Governor Hughes 356

Table — Affiliations of the United States

Senators 357

Illinois Excludes Lobbyists 362

Adds to Commission's Power 362

Makes It' a Crime to Strike 362

City Buys Woman a Hat 364

VERSE — Keeping on 364

HIS MONEY WAS USELESS 365

verse: — Basso's Career 366

REGULATING THE RAILROADS — Told in

Cartoons 367

STUYVESANT PISH REVENGED? 372

SCOTCHING OF MRS. FISH 374

VERSE — As It Strlketh Solomon 376

FROM GULP STREAM TO INDUS 377

Minister Bryce's Opportunity 377

Red Tape too Slow for Root 377

Consultation with Canada 378

This Angered Swettenham 378

Great Britain's Apology 379

"I Wish I Could Forget It" 380

Heaviest Quake Ever Recorded: 386

Greatest Disaster in History 386

Famine Threatens China 386

Ameer Visits India 388

more: disasters foretold 389

De Thebes' Startling Forecast 390

VBRSE: — Dreaming and Singing 393

FOR COURT CLINIC OR SCAVENGE3R 394

Thaw a "Moral Maniac" 394

Italy Laughs at U. S. Courts 396

"Poor Pittsburg" Scandals 396

Servla's Royal Degenerate 397

Travesties on Justice 400

Husband a Changeling 402

THE TEACHER AND THE CHILD 404

Demand for Child Models 404

Ills of Child Labor 406

Divorce Religion for Cash 406

Keeping Youth on the Farm 408

In New York Schools 409

English In Porto Rico 410

Had to Wash Teacher's Clothes 410

Can Not Keep His Teachers 410

Proposes New Curfew Laws 412

Father Cremated Child 412

New York Teacher's Lot 412

Men Teachers Higher 414

State Must Stop Child Labor 414

Millionaire Adopts Baby 414

"$10,000,000 Baby" Taught to Ride 414

Resigned When Pupil Beat Her 415

REAL SHAKESPEARE FOUND* 415

VERSE — My Precious One 417

HORROR OF THE RUSSIAN INQUISITION 418

VERSE — No Other Hope 421

THE JOY OF LIVING .* 422

Do Not Assure Long Life 422

Pennant Possibilities of 1907 424

New Football Rules 426

Yankees on French Turf 428

Federal Motor Law 430

Billiard League Proposed 432

Good Pugilists Are Lacking 432

Surf Riding as Royal Sport 440

Published the First of Each Month by

THE CALKINS NEWSPAPER SYNDICATE

Entered al the San Francisco Poftofiicc as Second-Ciasa Mail Matter

Office and Editorial Tlooms

24 CLAY STREET, SAN FRANCISCO
TRIBUNE BLDQ, NEW YORK HARTFORD BLDQ, CHICAGO

15 Cents the Cop;^, $1 .50 Per Year

OPPORTUNITY

NOW KNOCKS AT YOUR DOOR

Do You Hear Its Call?

If sleeping, WAKE ; if feasting, RISE before it turns away

This is the tide that may lead you to fortune, if you will use your eyes and
ears as every sane man should do. The most Jar-reaching and comprehensive

REAL ESTATE INDUSTRY

ever organized in California invites you to share in its success by helping to promote its business.
How ? Listen I

THE SOUTHWESTERN BONDS AND FINANCE COMPANY

One hundred thousand shares of this gilt-edged, non-assessable stock are now

for sale at 10 cents a share. It is certain to increase with astonishing rapidity.

WHY? BECAUSE

This company, with its many ramifications and agents, is in a position to handle a large percentage of the ever-growing business of the towns,
cities and farm acreage of the State.

A. H. Jordan, an expert insurance special agent, is president of the company; A. Mittleman, an expert real estate agent, is secretary, and the
directors are Matthew Brady, attorney and notary public; Dr, A, S. Adler, of the Board of Health of San Francisco, and others of undoubted
standing in the business world, such as W, H. Miller, of San Bernardino, and \V. R, Van Wormer of Paso Robles. C. A. Kingston, of Santa
Ana, are stockholders. Depository, California Safe Deposit and Trust Company, Attorneys. Berry & Brady.

Are you today sharing in the profits of the great activities that characterize CaHfornia?

If you become a stockholder in a corporation that is to have agents in every county seat and town of importance in the State, you will be in a
position to participate in the general prosperity.

Get in line, so that the California Promotion Committee's work will benefit you; so that everything done by a boaid of trade, by a town,
or by an individual, to advertise ttie State will add to the value of your assets. If you own stock in an institution whose prosperity depends
upon the prosperity of the entire State the arrival of every colonist will make your bank account stronger than it was when you invested.

Money should be sent direct to the Uptown Branch of the California Safe Deposit and Trust Company

1740 Fillmore Street

CASH COURON

To the California Safe Deposit and Trust Co. :
Uptown Branch, 1740 Fillmore St., San Fraucisco, Cal.

Please reserve for me Shares of Stock of the

S, W. B. & F, Co,, for which find enclosed $.....

NAME

TOWN

STATE

CREDIT COUPON

Please reserve for me Shares of Slock of the

S. W. B, & F, Co,, for which find inclosed $

being one-tenth of the full amount. I promise to pay the bal-
ance in six equal monthly installments.

NAME

TOWN

STATE

Please mention Tlie Pandex when writing; to Advertisers.

THE PANDEX OF THE PRESS,

MARCH, 1907

Series II

Vol. V No. 3

Lawsonism Again

By the Editor

/^ NCE more, altho less spectacularly
^-^ than before, Lawsonism appears to
have arisen to typify what must probably
be the next phase of the struggle of the
American people to right themselves after
their quarter century of monetary and polit-
ical debauch.

While the crim-
Attacking inal courts have
the Stock been ventilating
Exchange, the repulsive
moral scandals of
the Thaw case, and the civil courts
have been searching into the
dazzling monetary legerdelnain of
the Harriman railroad system, Mr.
Lawson, with something of that
same force that awakened public
sentiment against the insurance
companies and sealed the process
of lawmaking which has since re-
sulted in railroad regulation, pure
food statutes, and other beneficial
Federal enactments, has been
hammering at the Stock Exchange
and the financial end of the mod-
ern social organism.

The
Irrepressible
"System."

Himself a business man.
rich, and dependent upon
this highest and most deli-
cate of modern business in-
stitutions for his success and for the
gratification of his pride among his
fellow men, Mr. Lawson has found
that unless another and more penetrating

Which?

-South Bend Tribune

308

THE PANDEX

attack is made upon existing methods
of high finance, both he, his friends,
and the community at large must become
virtual puppets in the game of a selected
and arbitrary few. For, the System, which
his articles on "Frenzied Finance" so seri-
ously imperiled, has continued to succeed,
in spite of every opposition, in so spreading
its influence and ownership that its power
ramifies into almost every sphere of Ameri-
can life. It stands behind or within the
country's greatest banks, and in many in-
stances its smaller ones. It dominates the
big life insurance companies in the face of
all investigations and all exposures. It dic-
tates and manipulates the prestidigitating
maneuvers by which Mr. Harriman has be-
come the ostensible king of American trans-
portation. It reaches out for and controls
water and light systems in innumerable
cities. It lays its hands upon the trolley
lines, both urban and interurban. It drives
independent steamship companies from the
seas. And. it syndicates and controls the
sale and purchase price of almost every im-
portant commodity that figures in the uses
of men.

Supremacy
Over All
Business.

By virtue of its "made-
money" facilities, as Mr.
Lawson .calls them, and its
phenomenal daring in ap-
plying them, it possesses a governing poten-
tiality greater than that of any officers of
the Government, and, in some respects even
greater than that of the Government itself.
If a panic threatens, the control or restraint
of it is beyond the public's grasp. If a
monetary stringency, either real or strategic,
impends because of an excess of commerce
or an inflation of speculation, the public is
either compelled or cajoled into lending its
funds without interest or benefit to the
banks and to the men who rest their suc-
cess upon their extra-governmental power
of manufacturing money, or upon their in-
genuity in inventing excuses for looting
the Treasury. If a car shortage arises at
a time when an almost unprecedented pros-
perity depends for its continuance upon the

promptitude and effectiveness with which
transportation is executed, the System's
ownership is so complete that the ordinary
energy and resourcefulness of the American
people in great emergencies is temporarily
paralyzed. If, under the operation of the
food syndicates auxiliary to the System, or,
under the operation of natural laws which
are alleged to have suddenly raised the con-
sumptive power of the Nation far above its
productive capacity, things that people eat
and wear and homes in which they live have
advanced in costliness to a point where the
increasing of wages. in every line of occupa-
tion has been rendered imperative, there is
nothing to prevent the masters of the situa-
tion from adding another per cent to the
costs of freighting, to the prices of edibles,
to charges per foot for lumber, to the ex-
tortions per ton for coal, in order that they
may not lose by the concessions forced upon
them.

The Mob Obviously— and perhaps

xT_ !.«•,' tragically — the System thus
the Mob, , ,^ r^, . .^ -^ ^,

J., .<r 1 ■ holds within its grasp the
the Mob! , ^- , , ^ *

most essential elements of

human society and progress; and there is
far more danger than the average man
realizes of what President Roosevelt called
"the cry of the mob, the mob, the mob,"
when, facing squarely toward J. P. Morgan
and H. H. Rogers, he made his intense and
extraordinary speech at the recent dinner
of the Gridiron Club. No great public can
long remain quiescent when, thru error or
thru natural circumstances of evolution, the
factors upon whiph it depends have drifted
away into the control of an un-elected and
dictatorial few. Nor, especially, can a demo-
cratic commonwealth, without a dramatic
period of resistance, acknowledge itself so
near to the practical application of mon-
archy. Be a country's prosperity ever so
great, its commercial ascendency ever so
brilliant and colossal, its general scale of
living ever so satisfactory or ever so daz-
zling, to bereave the people of that spon-
taneous liberty of administration which
gives the sense of ultimate authority even in
an empire, can have no other consequence

THE PANDEX

309

DECISIVE ACTION WHICH WILL PROBABLY BE TAKEN BY MR. HARRIMAN AS

RESULT OF THE PRESENT INVESTIGATION.

— Chicago Tribune.

than that which has been exhibited in Rus- powerful, can sanely or complacently con-

sia for more than two years now past. And template such a contingency as a result of

it is hardly credible that any one within the operations of what Mr. Steffens and Mr.

the United States, however rich or however Lawson have called the System.

310

THE PANDEX

Russia announces that she needs no foreign
loans, but can get all the money she requires
from "internal sources." Must be going to
BQueeze the Grand Dukes.

^Philadelphia Inquirer.

A Challenge

to
Lawmakers.

At some point or other the
vast concentration of pos-
sessions and strategies
owned and exercised by this
institution must come to an end. The public
has voted against its representatives and
agencies. Congress has legislated against
its methods. The Administration has as-
sailed it at every exposure where the
Executive authority can move with or with-
out the consent of Congress. The press has
preached against it, has lifted the cover
from its iniquities, and has dispatched to dis- '
grace and Coventry its principals. But its
tight hold on what it has gained or on what
new undertakings it proposes from day to
day, its marvelous skill at financial and
political intrenching still remain within the
control of its leaders, still stand conspicu-
ously as a challenge to the elected lawmak-
ers and governors of the republic. No or-
ganization and no individual appears as yet
to have penetrated to the source of its

strength, or, by whatsoever device or
maneuvering, to have out-generaled its tri-
umphant march.

Manifestly it possesses some untold en-
trepot and magazine of wealth and weapons,
some place to which its enemies have not as
yet begun to penetrate, and some factors
which the other leaders and agents of So-
ciety have thus far been unable to master.

.„ p. To Mr. Lawson's apparent

» belief this recondite store-

Are
., „. .. house is entirely beneath the

capstones of Wall Street, its
contents are nothing but the accumulated
savings and investments of the people of
the Nation, and the method of use is the
dishonest manipulation of stocks and the
arbitrary making and unmaking of fortunes
thru the device of artificial and valueless
"made-money." Wheresoever the System's
branches ramify, says Mr. Lawson, its emis-
saries are at work drawing in the surplus
earnings of the poor and mediocre, or of the
rich and the luxurious, and applying them
to the alluring and deceptive stocks and
bonds which the System constantly makes
part of its campaign. And such is its ac-
cumulated prestige, such the insatiable
gambling spirit of the American public, and
such the blind which is thrown over the or-
dinary astuteness of the descendants of the
Yankees, that there is scarcely a section of
the country, or scarcely an element of the
community that has not responded to and
been misled and robbed by this process.

The Principle
of the
Opposition.

Men who save must invest,
and the instinct of invest-
ment runs, almost against
men's own will, to where
the enticement is most fabulous. If, any-
where, there is more gain offered than rea-
son can possibly approve, that seems tq be
the offer to which the savings most natural-
ly gravitate. And none realize this, or make
quicker and more ardent use of it than the
managers of the System. Nor, on the other
hand, does any one realize it and at the same

THE PANDEX

311

312

THE PANDEX

time appreciate its perils more thoroly than
Mr. Lawson. After years of stock-trading,
after the most intimate association with the
very prime sponsors of the System, he ap-
pears to have come to the belief that herein
lies the vital weakness of the community.
It is in this, he seems to believe, that the
System rests its real power. And, accord-
ingly, with all the popular influence that his
writings on "Frenzied Finance" have given
him, and with all the dash and energy and
courage that have always characterized his
movements, he has launched a stock ex-
change maneuver which breaks directly into
this domain of the System, and which, if
successfully carried out along the lines
which its author foreshadows, can have but
the one consequence, namely, that which Mr.
Lawson himself expresses in the following
words:

"If the people have one practical demon-
stration of a successful way to invest their
savings without going thru the mazes of the
System's grinder, the System's jig will be
up."

Elsewhere in The Pandex are the details
of Mr. Lawson 's proposal, given thus at
length because, whether successful or not,
ihey represent a principle which the most
ordinary of human common sense can but
approve as sound and worthy. Advising per-
sistently against speculating on "margins"
and reiterating in every one of his costly
advertisements the claim that every phase of
his proposition will bear the most intimate
scrutiny, Mr. Lawson virtually challenges
the judgment of the country to contend that
there is any other possible or sane method
of investing.

Publicity has long since in-
Transforming vaded and dominated the
Speculation, realm of politics, and its
steady encroachment upon
the field of business is so obvious that it is
a matter of wonder that any new undertak-
ing bearing upon its face the slightest cloud

of concealment can attain success. In one
respect after another the Interstate Com-
merce Commission has taken the cloak off
the clandestine jugglery of the railroads,
brought the coal land embezzlers before the
Nation's observation, and sent on an hegira
to the prison gates and cells the men who
have sought to plunder the Government of
its timber. In community after community,
the minor syndicates and investment con-
cerns which maraud on a smaller scale than
the Standard Oil have been collapsing un-
der the foreshortening support of those who
have lately been educated, in ever greater
numbers, to trust less in the fulsome signs
of impossible promise and more in the dull
color of more durable reality. Thus it would
seem that sooner or later, and inevitably,
those who speculate and who can not resist
speculation's fascination, will learn that
some other way to wealth — even to quick
wealth — must be taken than thru the covered
passages of illicit gambling or the curtained
doors of secretive corporationism. Taught
by innumerable object lessons they will te
driven back, it would seem, upon the ele-
mentary and almost primeval practices of
which trade is constituted, namely, the ex-
change between man and man of that which
men mutually need, to the surrender of
value in return for value. And the superiorily
thrifty and economic, who by their energy
or by their sacrifice, accumulate against the
uncertain future, will learn that the element
of uncertainty minimizes in proportion to
the demonstrable worth of that which is ac-
cumulated. In other words, people will be
taught to let go of trading on margins and
of growing unsafely rich upon watered
stocks. And they will turn their savings
from these tutelary shrines, at which they
have so long worshiped and by their
obesiances to which the System has gained
ascendency over them, and they will once
more place their faith and their enterprise
in the things that yield to mathematical es-
timate and can be tested by all the chemistry
of stable merit.

THE PANUEX

313

'LET US 'PREY.' "

-Pittsburg Gazette-Times.

314

THE PANDEX

The
Overthrow of
the Specter.

In other words the lesson
that Mr. Lawson is striving
to inculcate will begin to
find a gestative bed in the
brain of the average man; and under the
pressure of its healthy growth, the visions
of factitious prosperity, based upon unreal
finance, upon mere interchange of commer-
cial bets, will shrink to their proper meas-

ure, will slink away into the Tenderloin of
Trade along with the other rejected ele-
ments and conditions of society which have
long since been banished to the tenderloins
of social morals.

Then, and probably then only, will the
redoubts of the System weaken, or the spec-
ter of plutocracy vanish from before the
American people.

CONSCIENCE MONEY.

-Detroit Journal.

THE PANDEX

315

The Chief "Pressure" Trouble.

— Detroit Journal.

A Demonstration in Speculation

LAWSON STARTS A MOVEMENT ON THE BOSTON EXCHANGE TO

BREAK DOWN THE "SYSTEM'S" METHOD OF MAKING

ITS PHENOMENAL GAINS BY FLEECING THE

PUBLIC IN STOCK MANEUVERS.

AFTER becoming so discouraged with the
continued responsiveness of the gen-
eral public to what he regards as the fleecing
schemes of the Standard Oil group
that he was unwilling to publish his long-
heralded "remedy," Mr. Lawson, the noted
Boston stock exchange operator and finan-
cier, has approached from a new angle the
problem which he has set for himself of
overthrowing or undermining the so-called
System. Something of the details of this ap-
proach are reflected in the following display
advertisements which were published by
Mr. Lawson, at a cost which could have

been little less than enormous, in many of
the leading newspapers as far west as St.
Louis :

THE FIRST ENCOUNTER

Lawson 's Trinfty Movement Meets an Early
Battle with the System.
The following from the New York Herald
reflects the first critical stage in Mr. Law-
son's undertaking, namely, the point at
which the opposition concentrated to break
the boom which he was inaugurating in
"Coppers":

316

THE PANDEX

Sorrow that spread over Boston when Casey,
of DeWolf Hopper fame, "struck out," was
as nothing compared to the grief which followed
a collapse yesterday in the price of Trinity cop-
per stock, the favorite of the Lawson clique.

Trinity Copper and Thomas Lawson are as
closely associated in the puhlie mind as the
legendary Darby and Joan. During the last few
days Mr. Lawsoji has been using columns of
space in the newspapers in an effort to bull
Trinity Copper. As a result the stock began to
go up by leaps and bounds at the rate of four
and five points a day. At one time yesterday the'
stock was 41 bid, with none offered. A few days
before it had sold at 20. It dropped yesterday
from 41 to 26.

Trinity opened with a sensational upward
movement, and it was predicted that Mr. Law-
son was to redeem himself and his reputation
as stock market prophet. He predicted that it
would sell at 65, and implored his friends not
to sell it below that figure. It had gone up
twenty points in a few days, and many con-
gratulatory messages were sent to the stock mar-
ket prophet of Boston. In tht midst of success;
however, something happened. A cog slipped
in the stock market machinery, and the crash
that followed was heard from State Street to
Wall Street.

From 41 bid the Trinity stock dropped to 26

in a rush. Not since the days of the Interna-
tional Power collapse was there such a smash
as that which occurred a few minutes before
noon yesterday in Trinity. In New York the
Boston men had the advance news, and the
smash in prices followed on Broad Street in
the twinkling of an eye. On the drop from
41 to 30, a decline of 11 points, in New York,
the stock seemed to have some support, as it ral-
lied quickly to 33, but it sold back again on a
flood of offerings.

Just who punctured the Lawson boom in Trin-
ity, no one heard in Wall Street. Some one
jocularly remarked that a Standard Oil spy had
caught him unawares and had thrown stock on
the market when there were no offers to bu}'.
Trinity has been dead for several years and
lately was pooled in an effort to mark it up.
Mr. Lawson took charge of the manipulation of
the stock in the market and agreed to provide
the necessary sensationalism to accompany the
upward movement.

Everything seemed favorable for a continu-
ance of the upward trend. Shorts were badly
squeezed when they sold the stock short and Mr.
Lawson gloried in the success of his undertaking.
From 20 the stock advanced to 24, and the next
day to 30. On Friday the stock advanced to 35
and later it sold at 40. During the advance
intending buyers were informed that the stock
would go to 65 and advised not to sell.

COPPERS

31-H

TRINITY

43"3/4

To the Editor of the New York Herald:

In your article commenting on the break in
Trinity, you say:

1. Mr. Lawson implored his friends not to
sell under $65.

On the contrary, Mr. Lawson during the entire
movement has advised all who hold stock to take
their profits at any time they saw fit, as there
has been all the time a legitimate market for
the stock, which would take from ten to thirty
times all offered.

2. You say that Trinity has been dead for
years, and has lately been pooled in an effort
to wake it up.

On the contrary, Trinity has been one of the
most active stocks on the Boston Stock Exchange
during the entire six years it has been traded in.
It is on the regular list of the exchange, where
stocks can be placed only after the most exhaus-
tive examination into the physical and financial
condition of the property.

The stock has not been pooled, directly or in-
directly, but, on the contrary, was owned en-

tirely by one of the largest and most represen-
tative lists of shareholders of any copper stock
in the country, not excepting that of Amalga-
mated. At the beginning of the present move-
ment, and for over three years, there were 2200
Trinity stockholders, which number is daily in-
creasing by hundreds. The present movement
is not for the purpose of selling stock for any
pool or syndicate of any kind. All stock sold
has been by legitimate investors to new ones,
and those who have sold have done so that they
might receive their large accumulated profits.

3. You say that the stock had no support
during the break until Mr. Lawson finally came
to its assistance.

On the contrary, there has been no time during
the twelve days since the inauguration of my
campaign when the buying orders of legitimate
investors in the hands of members of the Stock
Exchange have not been, in number and amount,
several times all the selling orders, and more
than sufficient to absorb all my holdings, or the
holdings of my associates, had we desired to

THE PANDEX

317

sell them. This was the case when, for less than
a minute, the price dropped to 26.

I did not come to the support of the stock,
nor has it been supported by me or by my as-
sociates, directly or indirectly, since the pres-
ent movement began. I would not countenance
any support of the stock other than the support
it has and which comes from legitimate investing
demand.

The Trinity mine is a great copper mine. It
has been developed to such an extent that some
800,000 tons of gold and silver copper-bearing
ore are blocked out on four sides.

The Trinity management, while awaiting a
high copper metal price, has directed its efEorts
to developing the property. When 'the high
metal price came Trinity threw its properties
open to the experts of the leading copper pro-
ducers, headed by John Hays Hammond, in the
interest of the American Smelting-Balaklala
group. After all had seen the values and had
competed for a smelting alliance, Trinity closed
a contract with the American Smelting-Balak-
lala group. This contract enables Trinity to
begin smelting 1000 tons per day in 1907, and at
its option to increase to any amount, thus placing

THE LOST SHEEP.

-Detroit Journal.

the Trinity Company in a position to devote its
daily net earnings of $3000 to $4000 on 500-ton
shipments and $7000 to $9000 daily on 1000-ton
shipments entirely to dividends of 16 and 32
per cent.

These are the facts on Trinity, and I give
them to you that in your endeavor to keep your
readers correctly informed you will not confound
Trinity with any of the many fly-by-night curb
mining stocks, which are made active by the pro-
moters for the purpose of unloading them upon
the public.

In giving you these facts, which I do person-
ally and as president of the Trinity Copper Com-
pany, and unqualifiedly as both, I hold myself

to a full moral and legal responsibility, be-
cause of the fact that since the creation of the
company I have been its chief executive officer
and I can not plead even ignorance as a de-
fense should statements differ from facts. As
there are thousands of investors all over the
country, many of whom are readers of your
paper, I make you this offer:

The Trinity Copper will bear the entire ex-
pense of an examination of its property by ex-
perts under the supervision of the New York
Herald, the only conditions being that the ex-
perts shall be the best available and that their
report shall be made public immediately upon
completion.

318

THE PANDEX

Watch TRINITY Today

Another phase of Mr. Lawson's answer to

the attacks of the System is reflected in the

following :

As I was flooded with telegraph inquiries from
all directions from investors, asking my advice
as to their action to-day, I would answer:

1. Buy at any price under $65.

2. Buy only through Stock Exchange houses.

3. Pay for what you buy — that is, do not
buy on margin.

4. Under no circumstances put a 'stop'
order under your purchase.

5. Keep constantly before you: There are
no touts hired to cry up Trinity; no puts, calls
or free stock or other gratuities are given to
brokers, news bureau or financial writers to
"help the game along."

There is nothing in it for them financially.
Therefore, why should this class see any good
in Trinity?

6. Breaks like that which occurred Saturday
will always happen in any movement known as
a "Lawson," in which unwary investors have
allowed the brokers to tease 'stop' orders from
them. Pause and look at a 'stop' order and its
inevitable effect.

One of the active Boston Stock Exchange mem-
bers told me after the whirl of Saturday had
circled itself into space, that, finding himself
with 38,000 shares 'stopped' at 35, while the
stock was active at 40, he made the rounds of
his fellow members and tallied up 15,000 other
'stops,' all at 35. One of the largest bunches
was in the hands of a broker, who did not try
to disguise the fact that he was 'short' of the
stock and that he was doing all he could to
break the price, that he might 'cover' at a profit.
This meant that a number of people, supposing
they could best protect their stock from slaughter
by 'stop ordering' it, had actually turned it over
to those who wanted to slaughter it and given
them the tools with which to do it. Therefore,
all those brokers who held 'stops' and who were
'short' know that if by hook or crook they could
force it to touch 35, all the 'stops' would come
into play at the same time, and this is just what
happened Saturday.

The member who was 'short' and had 'stop'
orders at 35 sold them out at 27 and 26 and
bought them in for his 'short' account. This
'stop' order business means that when a buyer
puts them into the market that buyer and those
similarly situated will be slaughtered as on Sat-
urday.

In most stock market campaigns, the promoter,
who is handling the deal for the purpose of un-
loading, protects the 'stop' order limit by scoop-
ing in the 'stop' orders himself, to replace what
he has unloaded. In Trinity there is no unload-
ing, and therefore, no scooping in of the 'stop'
orders, and, that there may be no misunder-
standing, I will say:

Under no circumstances will I, or can I, at-

tempt to protect those who have bought in bucket
shops, or upon 'stop' orders.
• One word to Trinity buyers:

I have told, and I am telling you the story —
the whole story — of Trinity. It means that Trin-
ity will sell at 75, and then 100 and over, be-
cause it is worth 75 and will be worth 100 and
over.

You have all heard my story. The other story
— the story of those who oppose Trinity — is told
by the Boston News Bureau.

The Boston News Bureau has a record on my
'coppers.' I also have a record on my 'cop-
pers. '

I have publicly fathered five 'coppers': Ar-
cadian, Butte, Tri-Mountain, Copper Range, and
Trinity. Arcadian is now being boomed by the
Boston News Bureau. Therefere, I need not dis-
cuss that.

I said: "Buy Butte at 2." It jumped to 24
on its first rise, and, because of 'stop' orders
and raiding, it broke to 12 in as many seconds.
Next day the Boston News Bureau said:

"Butte is not worth the paper upon which it
is printed. It is simply a trap of Lawson 's to
catch Gudgeons; in factj it is not worth more
than the bonds, which are ahead of the stock.
We pledge our word to the public on these
facts. ' '

Butte went to 130, sells to-day at 120, and
pays 8 per cent dividends. I said:

"Buy Tri-Mountain at 10." On its first rise
it broke sharply from 36 to 17, and the Boston
News Bureau again pledged its word that it was
only a bold scheme of Lawson's to unload in-
flated stock.

Tri-Mountain went to 125, sells to-day at 88,
and pays 8 per cent dividends.

I said: "Buy Copper Range at 10." The
public, because of my advice, lifted it by eager
buying to 47, when it suddenly dropped to 32.
The News Bureau spoke as it did on Butte and
Tri-Mountain.

Copper Range went to 95, sells to-day at 88,
and pays 8 per cent dividends.

Out of the three stocks, the public, because of
my advice, made profits of $50,000,000. (When
I speak of "The public," I mean largely those
thousands of small investors whom Wall and
State Streets love to ridicule during the progress
of my campaign.) But during the process
many bucket shop traders and 'stop' order buy-
ers were slaughtered.

This is my answer to all critics of Saturday's
break, and it will be my answer when Trinity
sells at 75 and 100 and over, when it is a con-
tinuous large dividend-payer, and when I am
quoting its history during some future campaign.

Once more: As president of the Trinity Cop-
per Company, and as an individual, I advise,
unqualifiedly, the purchase of Trinity stock at
any price under $65 per share.

THOMAS W. LAWSON.

Boston, January 7, 1907.

THE PANDEX

319

UTILIZING THE SQUEAL.
Music as a Coming By-product.

— Chicago News.

320

THE PANDEX

COPPERS

Watch Trinity

Now that those whom my every move seems
to throw into a frenzy of jealous rage have al-
lowed the financial atmosphere to assume its
usual condition of frigidity, and prior to that
fresh outburst which surely will follow my next
move, particularly if it lifts Trinity to the place
its present and coming worth have marked out
for it — 75 and 100 and upward — I may be al-
lowed to say a few words about the Trinity situ-
ation.

1. The break of Saturday was beneficial to
Trinity holders. It frightened into selling those
who, having a large profit, were undecided
whether to hold on or to sell. This enabled new
buyers to secure holdings at fair prices.

2. It showed the public what sort of under-
pinning this Trinity movement has.

3. It gavfc' a lot of my enemies who have
been bottling their bile an opportunity of mak-
ing another exhibition of themselves.

All day to-day I have exerted my efforts to
keep Trinity between 35 and 32, that the hun-
dreds of new buyers might purchase advanta-
geously, and at the same time that those who
wished to take profits might secure fair ones.

An illustration :

In a mail of 7000 Trinity letters, 4600 con-
tained contingent orders, such as "Buy and
draw" or "Buy and I will send check," which
necessitated an answer to the effect that their
orders could not be filled by brokers until the
money had first been received. This means that
it will require days before the full volume of
purchasing for real investors has been satisfied.

As soon as those who have decided to sell have
done so, and when the many who have been un-
able to get stock have bought, I will step aside
and allow the stock to take a new high level.

In the meantime the public may rest assured
that while I have advertised Trinity and pointed
the way to obtain some of the profits which its
actual worth has made possible, the real reason
for its rise from 11 to 35, while the reason why
it will rise from 75 to 100 and over, is:

It is the cheapest copper stock of demonstrated
worth now before the public.

Perhaps it is not out of place to call atten-
tion to another phase of the Trinity situation.

During the past year the "System's" hire-
lings have been howling that I had sold out
Trinity under 10 to the 2200 stockholders and
that I showed no anxiety to assist them to ob-
tain a fair market price for their stock.

Over and over again has this been printed,
but when the proper time comes and I go be-
fore the public and at great expense tell Trinity's
story, and when the 2200 stockholders are given
the opportunity they have waited for, these same

howlers cover me with their abuse until one
would think it a crime to point the way to avoid
the traps of Wall and State Streets and how to
secure justly earned profits.

What a spectacle ! A horde of frenzied, self-
constituted public protectors, whose combined
financial knowledge and experience would be
staggered to find the difference between a syn-
dicated community of interest and an uninter-
ested community of syndicates, throw themselves
into the breach to protect the people from buy-
ing a stock at 33 per cent of what they, the peo-
ple, will be able to sell it for. The public al-
ready have been similarly protected by them
from buying Butte at 2, which afterward sold
at 130; Tri-Mountain at 10, which afterward sold
at 125, and Copper Range at 10, which after-
ward sold at 95, and all of which now sell at
near these high figures, and all of which were
offered to the public by public advertisement as
Trinity is being offered, and all of which the
public bought, as it is now buying Trinity, until
they, the public, made profits of over $50,000,000,
or more than they, the public, ever made in any
copper stocks.

What a spectacle for thinking men and intelli-
gent women ! What a spectacle, when one con-
siders that in Wall and State Streets each day
in a year can be found the most flagrant frauds,
the merits of which these hii-ed touts cry to the
skies, and the worthlessness of which none of
them ever feel called upon, in their capacity of
public protectors, to bring to the public's atten-
tion.

Illustration :

These "System" hired touts worked overtime
to tease the public into Nipissing, in which the
public were slaughtered overnight to an amount
of $26,000,000, a sum greater than the total sell-
ing price of Trinity when it gets to 100.

I repeat: As president of the Trinity Copper
Company, and as an individual, I advise, un-
qualifiedly, the purchase of Trinity stock at any
price under $65 per share.

I will do all in my power to hold Trinity be-
tween 33 or 35 and 40 until the delayed buyers
have obtained their stock, but if I find that im-
possible and they see Trinity between 40 and 50,
I advise them to purchase witlj the same assur-
ance of safety and future profit as if at present
prices.

I reiterate what I have repeated so many
times: I said, "Buv Butte at 2." Butte went
to 130 (now 119); I said, "Buv Tri-Mountain
at 10." Tri-Mountain went to 125 (now 86). I
said, "Buy Copper Range at 10." Copper Range
went to 95 (now 86).

THOMAS W. LAWSON.
Boston, Mass., January 8, 1907.

THE PANDEX

321

MUFFLED.

-Chicago News.

322

THE PANDEX

COPPERS

Trinity's Final to the Hounds

The following telegrams will carry their own
story to all interested in Trinity:

Philadelphia, Pa., Jan. 19th, 1907.
Mr. Thomas W. Lawson, Boston, Mass.

Your advertisement of this morning, entitled
"Trinity and the Hounds," has been read by J. S.
McCord & Co. with mucli interest. Coming down
town this morning a little couplet occurred to me,
which is in line with your peculiar phraseology,
and which I dedicated to you:

"Wonderful man, wonderful gall;
Shoots off his mouth, and that's all."
Now, Mr. Lawson, instead of newspaper adver-
tising and bristling up your back every time any-
body says anything to you, get down to business.
There are other ways of killing a cat than by feed-
ing it on sweet milk, as there are other ways of de-
termining a mine than bombastic announcements In
the newspapers. Let us suggest, taking into con-
sideration your regard for the public's interest,
that, instead of giving your views on Trinity Cop-
per, you employ one of the best engineers in the
country and send him to Trinity and publish his
report. We would suggest the name of John Hays
Hammond for this purpose, as we do not believe
that even you, king of highbinders that you are,*
can attack his reputation. Your threats of the law
courts in refutation of our letter to a customer is
the defense of a coward, who knows the la"w's
machinery is slow, and who is certain that his
tracks will be obliterated and he will be forgotten
before any conclusion could be reached. If you
desire the courts in defense of your reputation,
they are open to you, but our suggestion as to
clearing up Trinity copper by an examination of
a representative engineer would more nearly put
you right with the public. Are we right, or are
we wrong? If you have anything to say, we
shall be glad to hear from you, but if not pertinent
keep still.

In the meantime. If you accept of our suggestion
for an examination of the "property, would it not
be advisable to stop booming Trinity until such
time as your engineer has reported, when the pub-
lic can judge for themselves what values you have
in your mine?

J. S. McCORD & CO.

Boston, Mass., Jan 10, 1907.

J. S. McCord & Co., Members Philadelphia Stock
Exchange, Philadelphia, Pa.

Your gentlemanly telegram received. Accept my
thanks tor your kindly courtesies. Therein you
call me a highbinder, coward and a man of gall,
all of which is most excellent argument that the
Trinity property is, as you say, a worthless fraud.
You say that instead of my bombastic mouthings
I should either have the Trinity . property exam-
ined by competent mining engineers, and their re-
port made public, or shut up, and, pending the
examination, to cease advertising the merits of
Trinity.

You say the man selected for such an examina-
tion should be John Hays Hammond, the highest
authority in the world, a man whose services can
be secured with difficulty, and then only with the
consent of the American Smelting Company, to
whom he is under contract at a yearly salary of
$250,000 (if undenied public statements to that
effect are reliable.)

I have repeatedly advertised that the Trinitv
company has been the most thoroughly examined
and investigated of any copper property in the
world. Six years ago. after the Boston Stock Ex-
change's rigid investigation, it was placed upon
the "listed department," an honor denied even to
Amalgamated, which would not throw its books
and properties open to a stock exchange examina-
tion. During that time Trinity was one of the most
active stocks traded in on the Boston Stock Ex-
change.

As soon as Trinity's property was ready for busi-
ness, the Trinity company turned it over for exam-
ination to Ave different sets of mining experts in
the interest of five different sets of leading copper
people. Of all the examinations the most thor-

ough was that made by John Hays Hammond in
the interest of the American Smelting Company.

The Trinity property was in the hands of himself
and experts from April 2 to April 16, 1906. During
that time his two leading associates went over the
entire body of blocked out ores, taking samples
from every five feet, while the customary examina-
tion is for every ten feet. These samples were
analyzed under John Hays Hammond's personal
supervision.

As president of the Trinity company I gave all
these facts to the stockholders and the public, and
It was upon Mr. John Hays Hammond's report that
the Trinity company was enabled to make its ex-
ceptionally advantageous ten years' contract with
the American Smelting-Balaklala combination at
the time when it was on the point of closing a con-
tract with the United States Smelting Company,
which had made a like examination, and was sim-
ilarly impressed by the showing.

In regard to your suggestion that I enter into
court in a controversy with you, I decline. My
time is much occupied and my personal tastes lead
me in other directions. Moreover, it has been my
endeavor throughout my life to restrict my per-
sonal dealings to those whom I can respect as gen-
tlemen.

Under no circumstances could I enter into per-
sonal relations with your firm or any member of
it. I will, however, as the executive official of the
Trinity company, see that your firm and individual
members are held in the courts of law to that finan-
cial accountability to which your action In attack-
ing the Trinity company has laid you open.

In the meantime, I will say:

This letter is notice to you that upon Its receipt
you cease further correspondence, mail, telegraph,
or telephone, with me personally or as president
of the Trinity company. Hereafter any dealings
we may have will be through the legal department
of the company, which. I understand, has equipped
itself with a fumigating apparatus for the proper
handling of your communications.

Believe me, gentlemen.
Yours because of my company duty only,

THOMAS W. LAWSON,
President Trinity Copper Co.

The disreputable advertisement and red poster,
professing to be from the Associated Stock Ex-
change brokers of Boston, and which was dis-
tributed yesterday, has been run down sufficiently
to prove it one of those disreputable, affairs which
from time to time sneak into stock operations.
No broker of responsibility or respectability was
connected with it. It was created and executed
by one of those creatures who at all times stam.l
ready to hire out to any one for anything. The
Boston Journal, which printed the advertisement,
was outrageously imposed upon. Two men visited
its counting room early in the evening and talked
over an advertisement without specifying what
the advertisement would be, and obtained a price
for a certain amount of space. Just before mid-
night these men appeared in the mechanical de-
partment of the paper and gave the copy to the
foreman, saying they had arranged for it early
in the evening in the counting room and it was
accepted as such. The lawyer, one E. A. Adler,
40 State Street, admits the transaction, but re-
fuses to divulge his principal. The Trinity com-
pany is beginning legal action against him, and
iu this action he will be compelled to say who his
principals were, and I will see to it that they

THE PANDEX

323

are properly advertised to all parties interested
in Trinity.

Trinity stock to-day has been as yesterday,
firm and strong at about 33, and from this figure
to 341/4 some 10,000 shares changed handst

Remembtr, I said "Buy Butte at 2." Butte
went to 130 (now 119).

I said, "Buy Tri-Mountain at 10." Tri-Moun-
tain went to 125 (now 86).

I said, "But Copper Range at 10." Copper
Range went to 95 (now 86).

I reiterate: As president of the Trinity Cop-
per Company, and as an individual, I advise, un-
qualifiedly, the' purchase of Trinity stock at any
price under $65 per share.

THOMAS W. LAWSON.

Boston, January 10, 1907.

Secret

COPPERS
TRINITY'S

Success

More than at any other time since the Trinity
movement began the public to-day have shown
their appreciation of a square deal. Every
"System" hound in the pack has had his yelp.
Coppers had risen tremendously; Copper Rangt
had jumped to 105, Tamarack to 170, and I ad-
vertised that I had gone out of Tamarack and
Copper Range solely because I had secured a
large profit. All Coppers opened lower — all but
Trinity.

While Copper Range was dropping to 95, Tam-
arack to 161, and the others were following the
lead. Trinity became the strongest and most ac-
tive stock on the Exchange, advancing from 30%
to 35% and remaining above 341/2 all day, while
everything else copperwise was soft and weak.
Yet the "System" preaches — and practices —
that the only deal for the public is a loaded
one.

Why did Copper Range, an exceptionally valu-
able property, about which Wall and State
Streets shout nothing but good things, drop $10,
while Trinity, which Wall and State Streets un-
ceasingly abuse, rose $5? I also call attention
to the fact that Copper Range had advanced only
25 per cent while Trinity had advanced 200 per
cent.

Why did the investing world turn out at the
flotation of Amalgamated and break all records
for public stock subscriptions when I advertised
its story throughout the country? Why did the
public carry Butte from 2 to 130, and Tri-Moun-
tain from 10 to 125, and Copper Range from 10
to 105 and Tamarack from 75 to 170, when they
had only the story of one man, in villifying whom
Wall and State Streets work overtime? Why
could this man, two years ago, with the financial
world arrayed against him, bring about one of
Wall Street's greatest breaks?

Why did this man, when he spoke to the insur-
ance world against the combined say-so's of the

entire "System," win a following which com-
pelled the most far-reaching action the business
world has ever witnessed? Why, when he spoke
through a struggling magazine, did that magazine
become a standard of success? In a word, why
has this plain business man, in the face of the
most powerful odds ever thrown in the path
of one man, grown constantly stronger through
thirty-six years of continuous opposition?

The answer is a simple one. On each and
every occasion he has come before the public
with a square deal. The public, knowing their
square deal opportunities to be few seize the one
he offers and stand firmly with him.

This is the secret of Trinity 's success. It is the
reason why Trinity will go to 75 and then to 100
and over in spite of all hatred and jealousy-bred
antagonism.

The public should bear in mind that Trinity
started at 11; that it is stronger to-day than
any other copper; that after weeks of activity
it was to-day the most active stock on the Ex-
change, the transactions amounting fo 25,000
shares — and the public should not forget thai
Trinity has done this in the face of the most
powerful and malignant opposition.

To the friends of Trinity I say: Stand by and
watch it as it joins the ranks of Butte, Tri-Moun-
tain and Copper Range. You will not only proSt
in dollars, as you did in those stocks, but you
will profit in tht knowledge of that which .ill
are beginning to see is the real foundation of
the people's liberation from "System" slavery.

To my enemies I say: Watch Trinity, for
with it as an instrument I am going to give yoii
a drubbing to which all those of the past will be
as pin pricks to sword thrusts.

THOMAS W. LAWSON.

I'oston, January 15, 1907.

324

THE PANDEX

TO INFLUENCE BUYING SENTIMENT

Story That the Copper Combine Had Hidden
Large Supplies of Metal.

While the Trinity movement was at its
height and while Mr. Lawson was insisting
that nothing but a break in the price of
the metal, copper, could reduce the value
of Trinity stock, the following story ap-
peared in the daily newspapers, through the
Associated Press:

President James Norton, of the Northern Metal
Dealers' Association, which organized last week
to fight the Copper Trust, will go to Washington
to-day to see President Roosevelt and Attorney-
General Bonaparte to urge them to take action
against the Trust.

A copy of the charges which President Norton
laid before the Attorney-General in a letter re-
cently has been made public. In the letter
Norton says: "I beg to lay before you the
following facts, which we are prepared to prove :

"That the Copper Trust, so called, has created
an artificial scarcity of copper by storing it in
large quantities at Butte, Mont.; Hoboken, N.
J.; Berth Amboy, N. J.; Bayonne, N. J.,; Bisbee,
Ariz.; Cananea, Mexico; Houghton, Mich., and
other places known to our association,, and by
refusing to sell it except in small quantities.

"That there is now stored at Perth Amboy
8000 tons of refined copper and that all intend-
ing purchasers are told thj supply there has been
exhausted. That there are 1700 tons of copper
at Hoboken and that sales were placed on the
storehouse there on October 18 last and have not
since been broken. That there are stored in
similar manner at Butte, Mont., 9000 tons, at
Bisbee 3000 tons, and 7000 tons at Canannea
and Houghton, Mich.

"That the steamer Hindustan, Captain Rail-
ton, on October 20 last sailed for South Africa

with 1000 tons of copper in ballast, with no or-
ders for its delivery in any port of South Africa,
and that the Hindustan returned to the port of
New York on or about December 29, still carry-
ing the 1000 tons of copper as ballast, and that
Captain Rallton on seeking orders for the de-
livery of the copper received orders the next
day to continue the copper as ballast. The
Hindustan sailed subsequently for a South Amer-
ican port still without orders for the delivery
of the copper. His affidavit reciting the above
facts is inclosed.

"We submit that the present danger to the
trade is not so much the high price as is the
fear that the price, being held at an artificial
height may be lowered suddenly should the
copper combination succeed in selling its stored-
up product at the present quotation."

Bonaparte Promises to Probe the Alleged Copper
Combine.

Baltimore, Md., January 27. — Attorney-Gen-
eral Bonaparte has not yet received the letter
from the Northeast Metal Dealers' Association.
He left Washington yesterday morning and said
if one was sent it will assuredly receive due at-
tention. He added :

"Although the public is not aware of the fact
a number of communications are received by the
Department of Justice at Washington, calling at-
tention to some 'alleged' combination which is
attempting to get control of the output of some
commodity, and, of course, we are expected to
make a sweeping investigation to see if there is
any foundation for the charges made.

"As for this new 'alleged' combine, I know
nothing whatever about it, nor have I any means
of knowing until the letter from the organization
formed in New York is placed in my hands and
the facts in the case made known to me. I
can make the promise, however, that when I re-
ceive this communication and I feel that the
circumstances justify my department in taking
the matter up, it will be done, and an investiga-
tion will be speedily made."

COPPERS

Public Spanking

What the above story amounted to and
what Mr. Lawson did toward answering its
proponents is reflected in the following,
which is but another of the Boston man's
advertisements :

This will serve as notice to a certain Wall
Street market maker that for the third time in
his career he is about to receive a pitiless spank-
'ng in the public market place — and soon.

If the spankers so choose this punishment can
be made the quietus of this market factor, for
•o large is his own commitment and that of his

THE PANDEX

325

associates on the 'short' side of Amalgamated
that the price can be put speedily to startlingly
high figures.

Tracking Trinity Thugs.

It will be remembered that in all my ad-
vertisements ,1 have said the only thing which
could disturb the Trinity movement was a drop
in the price of the metal; that such a drop
would upset the value of all "coppers"; that
all the great producers were agreed the present
price would hold for a long time — years.

It will be remembered that from the beginning
of tht Trinity movement the hounds started on
its trail with all the viciousness they exhibited
when I was piloting the public in Butte from 2
to 130, in Tri-Mountain from 10 to 125, and in
Copper Range from 10 to 105 — piloting the pub-
lic to $50,000,000 of profits— in each of which
now financially historical cases the hounds met
with pitiful disaster. But after I had repeatedly
called attention to the consequences which would
follow a drop in the price of the metal the
hounds proceeded to try to break the price.

Here is the tale complete — all but the last
chapter, which will probably be a lock-sttp one.
The public should read and digest it, and ponder
how it affected the copper stocks in which hun-
dreds of millions have been invested by thou-
sands of innocent investors. Then they should
ask: Can it be possible that the stock into
which we are asked to put our savings can be
made the subject of such barefaced fraud? So
widely spread and so prominently displayed was
this fake story that the leading journals of the
world devoted much space to interviews with
the principal producers and consumers and bank-
ers in different parts of the world. While this
fraud, perpetrated in an attempt to upset the
Trinity movement, in no way affected that move-
ment— because the one who was responsible for
the guidance of Trinity knew the capabilities and
limitations of the Wall and State Street hounds
—the hoax, as a matter of fact, did work great
injury and loss to many innocent investors.

Last Saturday there appeared in the press of
the world through the Associated Press, a story
to the effect that on the day before the copper
metal consumers of America had formed an as-
sociation and elected James E. Norton, of the
firm of M. Norton Company of Massachusetts,
president ; that the association had given him, as
president, authority to telegraph President
Roosevelt and United States Attorney-General
Bonaparte the fact that he had forwarded to
them the story of a plot which was in force to
make this hold artificially an exorbitantly high
price for copper, accompanied by sworn afBda-
vits and other proofs of a startling nature, to
the effect that there was a hoarding of copper,
the metal, and that President Norton demanded
on behalf of the association an investigation and
injunction.

Yesterday morning in the press of the world
was printed what purported to be the letter of
President Norton, which, it was stated, had been
sent to President Roosevelt and Attorney-Gen-
eral Bonaparte. This letter told in detail of the
places of storage of millions of dollars' worth
of copper and gave the name, and name of the
captain, of a ship which it said was carrying as
ballast $500,000 worth of copper to and from a
South American port for the purpose of keeping
it out of the market. All these facts, the letter
stated, were in the form of affidavits.

The publication of this story had an instant
effect upon copper stocks. There was a crash in
the stocks of all "coppers" but Trinity, to
affect which was the main purpose in the rigging
up of the story. I proceeded at once to investi-
gate, as I knew that only the larger news bu-
reaus could impose such a palpable fraud upon
the Associated Press. I was not surprised at the
very beginning of my investigations to find
foundation for my suspicions, and I publicly
stated that I would pay $5000 reward for proof to
run down the principals of the crime. At once
the Boston News Bureau, always alive to the
danger of its trail being laid bare, printed and
sent broadcast the following:

"James Norton, the president of the alleged
Northeastern Metal Dealers' Association, formed
in New York last week, is a Charleston junk
dealer, trading under the name of M. Norton Co.

"He admits his connection with the North-
eastern Metal Dealers' Association, but is ap-
parently not very familiar with the subject of
copper storage, nor will he throw any light upon
the interests back of him or his association.

"Thomas W. Lawson, the copper frenzifier,
was born in Charlestown. Anybody who wants
to trace out the connection may do so."

This dust, as is usually the case, instead of blind-
ing, attracted the attention of honest men with
the result that I am able to lay before the public
the following alHdavit made and sworn to before
a justice of the peace of Softolk County, Mass., to-
day:

"I, James E. Norton, hereby on oath depose and
say:

"My name is James E. Norton and I am a part-
ner in the firm of M. Norton Company, having
places of business in that part of Boston called
Charlestown, and also in Medford, Mass., and have
there resided for over thirty years.

"1 have not now and never had any connection
with or communication with the Northeastern
Metal Dealers' Association, or Northwestern Metal
Dealers' Association, nor any other association
such as has been referred to in the newspapers
within the last few days.

"Neither I nor any firm or association with which
I am connected has made any suggestion or repre-
sentation to the Attorney General of the United
States nor to any one else regarding any alleged
corner in copper; nor in regard to any hoarding of
that metal; I know nothing about any such matter.

"I do not know Thos. W. Lawson personally and
have had no communication with him nor any rep-
resentative of his until giving of this affidavit,
which I give freely because my name has been
connected with a hoax or fraud without any right
and because I believe Mr. Lawson was no party to
such thing.

(Signed) "JAMES E. NORTON."

Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

Suffold S. S. — Boston, Jan. 29, 1907.

Thus far my investigation has shown that the
whole scheme, cold-bloodedly conceived and un-
scrupulously executed, is a fraud of the lowest
sort and one by which many innocent investors
have been plundered.

326

THE PANDEX

Not only is there no storage of copper, and
not only is everything false that in the story
purports to be facts, but not even was there a
meeting of any metal dealers, much less for the
purpose as stated. Not only have the public and
the Associated Press been deceived and de-
frauded, but the President and Attorney-General
of the United States have been used as tools by
the scoundrels who conceived and put into ex-
ecution the criminal imposture.

While the boss criminal stands forth plainly to
all who are acquainted with the professional
frauds of Wall and State Streets, it is a more
or less difficult matter to secure evidence suf-
ficient to convict.

It will be remembered that in the ease of the
Chicago-Burlington dividend fraud, the Boston
News Bureau, having stated that it had laid spe-
cial wires from the directors' room to the Stock
Exchange, for the purpose of making quick an-
nouncement of the dividend decision, announced
that the dividend had been increased. There fol-
lowed an upside panic in the stock, caused by
the buying of those who believed the announce-
ment and enormous selling by those who were in
the plot. Then came a sudden drop and real
panic when it was learned that the statement
of the increased dividend was false and the op-
posite of what had really taken place. It will be
remembered, I repeat, that in this flagrant case no
conviction could be secured because of the diffi-
culty of legally proving what was obvious to all.

$10,000 Reward.
While I believe the authorities at Washington
and the Associated Press will quickly run down
those criminals, the havoc wrought by their trick
has been so great that I not only will repeat my
offer of yesterday, but will double it as below:
"I will pay $10,000 to any one who will
furnish me with proof sufficient to convict
the person or persons responsible for the
fraud perpetrated upon the public through
the Associated Press dispatches of Satur-
day, January 26, and Monday, January 28."
I would have one word with the public in this
advertisement in regard to my present attitude

on "coppers" and the "System." My posi-
tion in regard to the "System" is to-day as it
has been during the past three years — only more
so. This will be clearly demonstrated when my
new work, which is about to be launched, ap-
pears.

In regard to my advice on "coppers," I am
stating facts as I find them, regardless of who
is hurt or helped. An illustration : Owing to the
tremendous demand for copper, the present price
of copper, the metal, is in the neighborhood of
25 cents and still rising. Believing it will re-
main firm or go higher, I can not conceive how
it can be in the power of the "System" or any
one to prevent Amalgamated, with its present
enormous earnings, from advancing to 150 or
over, just as I know that Trinity, because of the
price of the metal, will go first to 75 and then to
100 and over.

I do not believe it is for the interest of those
who now manage Amalgamated and who now
have enormous investments in the stock to try
to reverse the ilatural course of the price, and in
the present frame of mind of the public I do
not think they would be allowed to do so even
if they thought it for their interest.

These are my principal reasons — not because
I love the "System" any better — for saying in
connection with my advice on Trinity that I be-
lieve there is a tremendous copper boom coming.
My only other reason is the special information
of which I am in possession in regard to the dif-
ferent properties, and I would indeed be an idiot
if I allowed my hatred for, and work against,
the "System" to so blind my business judg-
ment as to cause me to ignore these existing con-
ditions and lead the public into loss and dis-
aster.

I repeat: I said "Buy Butte at 2." Butte
went to 130 (now 112). I said "Buy Tri-Moun-
tain at 10." Tri-Mountain went to 125 (now
90). I said "Buy Copper Range at 10." Cop-
per Range went to 105 (now 90).

I reiterate : As president of the Trinity Cop-
per Company, and as an individual, I advise, un-
qualifiedly, the purchase of Trinity stock at any
price under $65 per share.

THOMAS W. LAWSON.

Boston, Mass., January 29, 1907.

THE PANDEX

327

What the President Proposes to Do to the

Bailroads.
— Adapted from the Cleveland Plain Dealer.

CAMPAIGNING AGAINST WATERED STOCK,
UNPAID TAXES AND STOLEN PROPERTIES *■

WHILE Mr. Lawson is making his dra-
matic contest in the stock exchange
in opposition to speculating on margins, the
authorities at Washington appear to be
about to launch a movement which runs
almost parallel with that begun by Mr.
Lawson. The President, as usual, is in the
front of the undertaking and is bringing
upon his own shoulders the brunt of the
financial opprobrium which has come to be
an inevitable accompaniment of the begin-
ning of any of his great purposes. In brief,
the movement consists of an expansion of
the regulation of freight rates to a point
wherein it shall touch upon the issue of
overcapitalization. It has been found that

the governmental control over interstate
corporations has yet an element of imprac-
ticability in it, and that, to overcome this
element, a still more intimate and author-
itative knowledge of the affairs, and espe-
cially of the financial sheets, of syndicates
and trusts is essential. The steps toward
the latter already lead to the herculean task
of appraising the real, as against the water,
values of these same institutions :

TO FIGHT OVERCAPITALIZATION

The President About to Spring a New Attack
Upon the Bailroads.

The lines of legislation proposed by the
federal branch of the Government are thus

328

THE PANDEX

reflected in the New York Times :

Washington, D. C. — The men who have been
trying to get the President to issue a state-
ment moderating his attitude on the regulation
of corporations art shortly to receive a severe
shock. The President is now at work upon a
plan of railroad-rate regulation, and if he car-
ries it out the fight made against him over the
Hepburn bill will be a mere summer breeze com-
pared with what will follow.

The first suggestion will be made in a letter
which the President is now drawing up with the
intention of sending it to the Interstate Com-
merce Commission, although he is quite likely to
send it to Congress in the end. It will deal with
a question which was not touched in the rate
fight last year — the question of capitalization, the
valuation of railroad properties, and the cost of
operation, all to be ascertained and used as a
basis for determining rates. The idea is to give
the railroads a fair return on actual investments
and to eliminate profits derived from over-
capitalization.

Such a proposition undoubtedly will arouse
the railroads as nothing else has done, and the
President will have on his hands the fight of his
life. The President, however, intends to take up
the question in his usual fashion, and to make
it the subject of next winter's battle. The un-
derstanding is that the communication to the In-
terstate Commerce Commission will be merely the
first gun in a campaign which will occupy the
attention of Congress at its next session. That
will be a long session, ending at the outset of a
Presidential campaign, and there will be a fine
arena for a fight.

The striking similarity between these plans of
the President and Senator La Follette's ideas lead
to the conclusion that Mr. Roosevelt has taken up
cided to advocate them. La Toilette has been
the Wisconsin Senator's propositions, and de-
fighting for just such a plan since he entered Con-
gress. He offered amendments last year along
those lines when the rate bill was up. He has
since drawn up a bill, and has made
speeches about it.

HILL ROAD IS ENJOINED

Minnesota Court Stops Great Northern From
Putting Out New Shares.
One phase of the approach by the several
states to the same goal is set forth in the
following from the Chicago News:

St. Paul, Minn. — In the Remsey County Dis-
trict Court Judge Oscar Hallam signed an order
enjoining James J. Hill and other officials of
the Great Northern Railway Company from mak-
ing the proposed increase of $60,000,000 worth
of additional stock of that company or issuing
the same or any part thereof during the pending
litigation without first making an application in
writing therefor to the Minnesota Railroad and

Warehouse Commission and securing its ap-
proval thereof as provided by section 2872 of the
revised laws of 1905 of the State of Minnesota.

This is a complete victory for the State of
Minnesota in the action brought last month by
Attorney-General Young and his assistant, R. A.
Stone, to compel the railroad to recognize the
State Railroad and Warehouse Commission be-
fore issuing the stock, as the laws provide that
before a railroad can issue an increase of its
capital stock it must make application to the
State Railway and Warehouse Commission and
make a showing of the necessity for such an
issue.

The Great Northern Railroad claimed under
its original charter it could issue stock at will
and that the law granting this power to the Rail-
way and Warehouse Commission was unconsti-
tutional. The court holds that is not the case.

NEW ATTACK ON GREAT NORTHERN

Effort to Compel Forfeiture of Charter of the
Parent Company.

Another phase of the same movement as

is represented in the above item is given

in the following from the New York World :

St. Paul, Minn. — Attorney-General Young be-
gan mandamus proceedings in the Supreme
Court recently to compel the St. Paul, Minne-
apolis and Manitoba Railroad Company to show
cause why its charter should not be forfeited.
This company, formerly known as the Minne-
sota and Pacific Company, is really the parent
company of the Great Northern Railway Com-
pany, and the Great Northern is joined in this
issue, as it is the owner of the Manitoba Com-
pany's stock. The complaint goes into all the
transactions of the Great Northern Railway Com-
pany with its constituent companies forming the
merger known as the Great Northern Railway
Company. Chief Justice Start ordered the writ
issued and return made April 2. Attorney-Gen-
eral Young said:

"Ever since the St. Paul, Minnesota and
Manitoba Railroad Company transferred its rail-
road with all its equipment and appurtenances to
the Great Northern Railway Company on Feb-
ruary 1, 1890, it has ceased to perform the func-
tions for which it was created, and has, therefore,
forfeited its right to exist under our laws as a
railway company. We have joined the Great
Northern Railway Company as a party to this
action because it is the owner of all the stock
of the Manitoba Company, and for the further
reason that in the alleged purchase of the prop-
erty and assets of the Manitoba Company by the
Great Northern a very large amount of watered
stock was issued by the latter company, which
we claim is void under the law of this State,
upon which the public are now, and ever since its
issue have been, paying large dividends. We ask
that this stock be declared void and the payment
of further dividends thereon prohibited.

"It seems that the Great Northern Company

THE PANDEX

329

was created solely for the pui-pose of making it
possible to inflate the capitalization of the sys-
tem by making a sale of the properties to the
Great Northern at a price in excess of their
value. It is easy to see why, under these cir-

should be let out of the railroads and other
corporations is suggested in an article, as
follows, in the New York Times:
Paris. — Jacob H. Schiflf, of Kuhn, Loeb & Co.,

cumstanees, the Great Northern Company should New York, who never gives interviews for pub-

THREE NEEDY SAILORS.

— Indianapolis News.

pay a premium of five million dollars in pur-
chase of stock of the Manitoba Company."

PROSPERITY TOO GREAT

Schiff Declares United States Is Suffering From
an Excess of Wealth.

One of the reasons why the "water"

lication at home, has giten one to the New York
correspondent of a Paris paper, which published
it recently. Mr. Schifi said:

"The conditions in which we find ourselves at
present appear much misunderstood, particular-
ly in Europe. It is a fact that we are sufftring
from an excess of prosperity which is simply
overwhelming us. Our industries can not find
labor with which to master the orders pouring

330

THE PANDEX

in upon them; our railroads are in need of equip-
ment and additional facilities to handle the im-
mense business of the country, and the banks
can only furnish part of the working capital with
which to do the unprecedented commerce which
has developed.

"As a consequence the great railroad corpora-
tions find themselves in need of large amounts
of capital to provide the facilities which the busi-
ness of the country demands and the managers
of the railroads have wanted to make certain of
securing the funds they need. Each of these
boards of managers appears at present to try to
get ahead of the others. In consequence a
scramble for corporate funds has arisen which to
some extent is frightening money lenders, more
so, probably, in Europe than at home.

"The result of all this is likely to be that
corporate managers will only finish in the way
of improvements what has already been started.
They will stop contemplated improvements and
additions which have not yet been begun. This
will tend to diminish after a while the demand
for material and labor, in consequence of which
general business is likely to f f U off. When this
occurs, even to a moderate extent, money is cer-
tain to become superabundant, and investors will
again compete one with another for the replace-
ment of their funds. Corporations will then find
no difficulty to borrow upon advantageous terms
for the permanent funding of the short-time ob-
ligations they are at present putting out to sup-
ply their needs."

STANDARD GETS NO AMNESTY

Court Holds That New Railroad Rate Law Did
Not Invalidate Former Law.

The shifting of the center of action from
the enforcement of the anti-trust and the
rebate laws to proposed new laws in oppo-
sition to overcapitalization does not appear,
as is to be inferred from the following from
the Chicago Record-Herald, to have inter-
fered with the continued prosecution of the
Standard Oil:

Standard Oil's alleged sins were not pardoned
by Congress when that body enacted the new
rate law. United States District Judge Kenesaw
M. Landis so held recently in a decision which
swept aside the arguments of John S. Miller and
preserved for the Government the bulk of the
indictments which were returned last August.

Standard Oil must no^v; go into court and make
its defense to 6235 counts charging the receipt of
illegal rebates from various railroads. Two of the
ten indictments, "the Grand Junction cases,"
were held bad by Judge Landis and 103 counts
knocked out was the net result of the pleas set
up by the oil attorneys.

Government lawyers will not push the trial of
the cases as vigorously as possible, under which
fines agregating $126,500,000 are possible. The

representatives of Standard Oil will interpose no
further legal technicalities. John S. Miller said
as much after he had digested the main propo-
sitions laid down by Judge Landis.

By the Government attorneys the decision of
Judge Landis is heralded as most far-reaching
in its results and it is declared it will stand
among the monumental court opinions in which
the right of the general government to regulate
trade and commerce is involved. So much was
the decision esteemed by the Washington au-
thorities that Secretary of Commerce Garfield
telegraphed to District Attorney Sims directing
that the full text of the findings be transmitted
by wire to the capital.

Judge Landis held the vital point at stake to
be the proposition evolved by Mr. Miller that
the new rate law — known as the Hepburn bill —
acted as general amnesty to all corporations and
persons alleged to have violated the provisions of
the Elkins law, the Interstate Commerce act
which the Hepburn law amended.

TO SUE FOR FRANCHISE TAXES

New York Attorney-general Says Many Cor-
porations Are Delinquent.

One of the very frequent elements in the
stuffed statements of corporations has been
the taxes that have been successfully evaded.
The following illustrates what is being done
in many vicinities to correct this evil. It
is from the New York Times :

Albany, N. Y. — Corporations that are behind in
the payment of taxes under the Special Franchise
Tax Act will sit up and take notice when their
respective heads read a letter sent by Attorney-
general Jackson to Corporation Counsel Des-
becker of Buffalo, in which he gives notice that
he will "immediately prosecute" all such cases
wherever he finds them; moreover, that he will
invite any municipal corporation to co-operate in
such prosecution, and that such "intervention"
will be gladly welcomed.

In his letter the attorney-general says he has
found "a remarkable situation" in his office
relative to special franchise tax cases. According
to the letter there are records of scores of cases
of non-payment of these taxes, but few or no
records showing that anything has ever been done
toward the prosecution of them.

PAYS UP $3,170,000 BACK TAXES

New York Street Railway Settles Franchise As-
sessments for Years 1900 to 1905.

The effect of such campaigns as are pro-
posed in the above item is shown in the fol-
lowing from the New York Herald :

The Interborough Rapid Transit Company paid
up the franchise tax arrears of the Manhattan

THE PANDEX

331

Railroad in full recently, sending to the Finance
Department four cheeks aggregating $3,170,-
141.71. This covers all assessments under special
franchises and the franchise tax law from 1900
up to the beginning of 1906, and constitutes the
largest payment made under the law. The taxes
for last year will not be in arrears until July.
The taxes paid had been contested as illegal or
excessive.

Following so closely upon the announcement
by the attorney-general of his intention to insti-
tute a series of suits for the collection of the

SUBSIDY "WINS BY A TRICK'

Mercantile Marine Bill in Alleged Interest of
Hill and Harriman.

One of the most successful methods of
winning unearned profits from the people
under the financial regime which is just now
in what may prove to be its last struggle
for existence was by way of high tariffs

IT'S COLD IN THE NORTHWEST ROOM.

-Chicago Record-Herald.

amounts due under the franchise tax law, and the
further announcement that Corporation Counsel
Ellison was preparing to intervene in all such
suits, the payment by the Interborough was very
naturally connected with the threatened suits,
and there was considerable speculation as to
whether the other half of the Interborough-
Metropolitan Company, the Metropolitan Street
Railway, would follow suit and pay up its arrears,
which amount to about $9,000,000.

and special subsidies. The following by
Raymond in the Chicago Tribune illustrates
the zeal with which this method is still pur-
sued:

Washington, D. C. — These are the annual sub-
sidies to be paid to certain favored steamship
lines under the terms of the new Subsidy Bill,
which was reported out from the committee re-

332

THE PANDEX

cently by the use of some of the most extra-
ordinary tactics ever resorted to in the House of
Representatives :

Harriman's line to Japan $ 700,000

J. J. Hill's line to Japan 700,000

Spreekels' line to Australia 200,000

New York to Buenos Ayres 800,000

New York to Rio de Janeiro 600,000

San Francisco to Valparaiso 600,000

New Orleans to Colon 150,000

Total .$3,750,000

The new Subsidy Bill may prove to be a good
measure. It is at least definite in the amount of
money to be spent. It is, howevar, tainted from
the start by the methods used to bring it before
the House, and Speaker Cannon and Representa-
tive Watson, of Indiana, without whose assist-
ance the scheme could not have been worked,
will probably come in for a good deal of criticism
on that account, although it may be taken for
granted that both of them are convinced of the
wisdom of the passage of such a measure and
were therefore willing to overlook some unusual
methods of procedure.

Extraordinary Tactics Used.

What will happen' when the bill is considered
in the House no one knows, but the chances are
that there will be enough Republicans and Demo-
crats who will be afraid to vote for a donation of
money from the public treasury to Hill, Harri-
man, and Spreekels to cut those lines out of the
list.

It is also intimated that if Mr. Watson has
correctly counted noses it will be held up in the
Senate by Mr. La Follette, of Wisconsin, assisted
probably by his colleague. Senator Spooner, with
whom, on this proposition at least, he is in entire
accord.

The extraordinary thing about the bill reported
is that it was never offered in the House, has
never been considered by the committee, and no
arguments for or against it have ever been
listened to in the committee or anywhere else. It
eliminates the tonnage subsidies, which the Presi-
dent was most in favor of, retains the provision
for a sort of naval reserve, and specifies particu-
lar lines as given above, which will get the benefit
of mail subsidies annually.

In the case of the Pacific lines, except the one
to Valparaiso, it is not likely a single new ship
will be built. No one of them runs directly and
exclusively to any of the colonial ports of the
United States.

Powerful Influence Revealed.

The subsidies for the Atlantic coast are so
framed that two parallel lines are provided for,
each having a mail subsidy, and they will run
side by side at least as far as Pernambueo, where
they niust both coal, one then stopping at Rio
de Janeiro and the other going on to Buenos
Ayres.

A motion in committee to combine the subsidies
so as to provide for a single line stopping at Rio
de Janeiro was voted down, and similar motions

to cut out the enormous subsidies which would be
paid under the bill to Harriman, Hill, and
Spreekels for carrying the mails on lines which
are already in commission were also defeated.

It will perhaps open the eyes of some people to
the extraordinary power behind the subsidy com-
bination when it is learned that the leaders of the
House consented to adjourn that body at four
o'clock in the afternoon, thereby delaying action
on the Fortification Appropriation Bill for the
express purpose of permitting the Committee on
Merchant Marine to meet at that hour and report
out this new Subsidy Bill, which first saw the
light of day at a dinner given by Representative
Littauer, of New York, who had been a member
of the committee a little over twenty-four hours,
and who is now serving his last term in Congress,
so that he is independent of public opinion.

The adjournment of the House, of course, was
provided for by Representative Watson, of In-
diana, the Republican whip, and it was accom-
plished with the consent of Speaker Cannon, who
was aware of the purpose for which the early
adjournment was made.

Onus Falls on Republicans. .

Unfortunately for the political record of the
Republicans, the alignment in the committee
shows that the Subsidy Bill, carrying its dona-
tions to Harriman, Hill, and Spreekels, was re-
ported out by the vote of eight Republicans. Four
Democrats and three Republicans voted against
it, there being, therefore, a majority of one and
the Republicans being saddled with the entire
responsibility not only for the measure itself,
which is at least open to question, but for the
methods adopted, which are manifestly and
plainly suspicious.

TO HOLD OIL AND MINERAL LANDS

La Follette Bill Aims to Revolutionize Present
System of Entry.

An entirely different angle of attack upon
unearned moneys and profits is seen in the
determination of the Government to protect
itself against further illegal encroachments
upon the public lands. Said the Chicago
Record-Herald concerning one of the latest
developments of this subject:

Washington, D. C. — An elaborate scheme per-
petually reserving from entry and sale all public
lands in the United States containing coal, oil,
gas, and asphalt, and providing for the granting
of licenses to recover such products, has been
worked out by the Department of Justice in the
bill which Senator La Follette has introduced.

The bill provides that a person of legal age or
an association, corporate or otherwise, may apply
for a license to recover coal, oil, gas, or asphalt
on areas not to exceed five governmental sections
of land. But there is this stringent prohibition:

"That no common carriers, or any association
of which any member is a shareholder of or in

THE PANDEX

THE NEW LEMON SQUEEZER.

-New York World.

334

THE PANDEX

any manner interested in a common carrier, shall
be permitted to hold a license."

No corporation can receive licenses to more
than one area, and elaborate provision is made to
prevent associations from merging their respec-
tive areas and so in time build up a trust. The
term of the license, to be issued by direction of
the Secretary of the Interior, is to be for no
longer than thirtj' years. There is to be a rental
of so much per acre and the licensee is to be

A thorough system of government inspection is
provided, and if circumstances warrant the Presi-
dent may at any time resume the occupancy of
the land and premises after paying compensation
fixed by a district federal court. The Govern-
ment also may take possession of all improve-
ments on fuel lands if the licensee suspends oper-
ations for more than three months for any other
reason than strikes, accident, or other unavoid-
able cause.

NO PURCHASER.
One Case Where Well-Wat3red Stock Finds No Buyers.

— International Syndicate.

required to pay in addition a royalty of from
eight to fifteen cents per ton on all coal mined
and a royalty likewise on oil and asphalt.

Covenants are required to secure the proper
working of the mines or wells, for the observance
)t rules relative to the safety of employees, for
the proper protection of the surface of licensed
areas and for the surrender of the works at the
expiration of the license. Provision is made for
the patenting of surface rights for agricultural
purposes.

FENCES TO COME DOWN

Peremptory Orders Issued for All Illegal En-
closures to Come Bown April 1.

Still another proof of the determination
of the Government to protect its properties
is afforded in the following from the Pitts-
burg Gazette-Times:

Washington, D. C. — By direction of the Presi-
dent, Secretary Hitchcock has issued an order to

THE PANDEX

335

'THE SPORT OF KINGS.

— New York World.

336

THE PANDEX

Commissioner Richards, of the General Land
Office, to at once notify all special agents and
receivers and registers of local land officers that
the act of February 25, 1885, for the summary
destruction of illegal inclosures and obstructions
existing on public lands will be rigidly enforced
after April 1, 1907.

This order means that all fences inclosing
public lands in violation of law must be removed
before April 1. If they are not taken down by
that time, they will be torn down by representa-
tives of the Government.

Strong pressure has been brought upon both
the President and Secretary Hitchcock, to per-
mit the fences to remain on public lands, even in
the face of complaints. Many of the fences are
in violation of law, but heretofore the owners of
them have either disregarded notices to remove
them or have claimed they did not receive the
notices.

BIG GRAFT FOE INVENTORS

Members of House Committee Discover Govern-
ment Is Bled by Employees.

The extension of the illicit profit-taking
into smaller spheres is reflected in the fol-
lowing from the Chicago Tribune :

Washington, D. C. — Scandalous conditions have
been found in various government departments
as a result of the investigations being made by
the House Committee on Appropriations. The
committee has discovered that in one branch of
the public service contracts have been let at ex-
orbitant prices for material invented by an em-
ployee who was a member of the board which
made the award. In another department con-
tracts have been awarded for material in the
manufacture of which one of the officers was
engaged. In still another, inventions which were
developed by employees during their government
service have been used by the Government at a
high cost.

If the members of the House are successful in
the campaign they have beg^un thousands of dol-
lars will be saved the Government annually, and
there will be a more sharply defined right of an
employee to control exclusively an invention he
has developed and perfected in the course of his
official duty. As an example of what can be done,
attention is called to the discovery made by Rep-
resentative Smith, of Iowa, a member of the
Appropriations Committee, in connection with
the contracts for hard black ink and dry coloring
material awarded by the Bureau of Engraving
and Printing, which makes the paper money of
the country.

When these contracts were placed a year ago
the chief of the bureau bound the Government to
pay forty-seven cents a pound for hard black and

sixty cents for dry color. It is charged that these
materials were the invention of a member of the
board which made the award. Since Thomas J.
Sullivan became director of the Bureau of En-
graving and Printing, it has been necessary to
award new contracts, and these have been let for
twelve cents a pound for both hard black and dry
color. Large quantities of these materials are
used annually by the bureau, and the lower price
now paid for ink and color permits the Appro-
priation Committee to make a reduction of
thousands of dollars in the appropriations for
maintenance of that establishment.

WALSH MISUSED MILLIONS

Chicago Banker Accused of Converting Bank's
Money to His Own Speculative Schemes.

Grafting outside of the federal sphere
and in institutions which may be called
strictly, or almost strictly, personal, is de-
scribed in the following from the New
York World:

Chicago. — John R. Walsh was formally indicted
by the Federal Grand Jury in an instrument
which carries 182 counts and a maximum penalty
upon conviction of 1820 years' imprisonment.

The penalty under the law is exclusively im-
prisonment. The indictment alleges that Walsh
converted from his bank to his own use $2,038,-
176.14.

Walsh has engaged John S. Miller, attorney for
the Standard Oil, the man who obtained the
"immunity bath" for the packers, and will make
a desperate fight to keep out of the Government
prison. He gave bonds in the sum of .$50,000.

For years, it is charged, Walsh had put the
bank's money into a personal account, $100,000
at a time, in an attempt to keep his speculative
ventures afloat. Transactions involving the issue
of twenty-two "memorandum notes" and the sale
of thirteen lots of bonds of his railways to the
bank, and the payment of huge sums on account
of the railways, swallowed the millions, the Gov-
ernment says, which ought to have remained in
the bank.

The instrument charges that Walsh swelled the
balance of this personal account whenever neces-
sary by discounting fictitious or "memorandum"
notes, usually calling for $92,000 each, that being
a little under the 10 per cent limit placed on the
lending power of the bank, with a capital of
$1,000,000. No one borrower had the right to a
loan of more than $100,000 from the Chicago
National Bank.

Thinks His Bonds Worthless.
Deposited with the alleged fictitious notes were
bonds, or certificates calling for bonds, of the
railroads to which the money was converted. The
Government expects to show that these bonds
were worthless or of no market value.

THE PANDEX

337

Evidence will be presented to prove that no TRACTION PROFIT GIVEN

well conducted bank would have given even a

small part of the amount which Walsh loaned in Chicago's Share of Net Receipts Averages $3645

this manner. The testimony of bankers will be Daily Since January 1.

introduced on this point. The whole claim of the What benefit awaits the people when they

prosecution will be that the uses to which Walsh finally make up their mind to take hold

WHERE THE PUBLIC WOULD APPROVE A SHIP SUBSIDY.
In This Instance It Would Be Granted Cheerfully.

— Chicago News.

put the great sums involved were self-serving of public or quasi-public utilities in a busi-

uses. ]., . ,

c,.,, ,, ^ • ,1 • J- ^ ^ . nesshke manner is to be gathered from the

btill other counts in the indictment charge f u • t ii, /-iu- x-

Walsh with misapplying money not for the use following trom the Chicago I\ews:

of the railroads, but for the benefit of himself. Chicago's share of the net receipts from the

338

THE PANDEX

traction companies under the provisions of the
proposed settlement ordinances have averaged
$3645.07 a day since the first day of January.
This average would mean $1,330,450.5.5 for the
current year. Both traction companies opened
new books the first of the year with the city as a
partner in the transportation business. These
figures are from the new books. Last year the
■city's income from these traction companies was
less than $210 a day, so that under the new ordi-
nances it is provided that the city treasury will
receive more than seventeen times as much in
dailv compensation as under the old arrangement.

FINANCIERS AGAINST CORTELYOU

Sought to Prevent His Becoming Secretary of the
Treasury.

In the opinion of many people, loose or
erroneous methods in the Treasury have
been more responsible than anything else
for the extensive illegalities of modern
financiering. If this contention be at all
correct, the foUovping concerning the im-
pending change in the personnel of the
Treasury is of importance. It is from the
New York World :

Washington, D. C. — The fight over the confirma-
tion of George B. Cortelyou for Secretary of the
Treasury has lost its political aspect to a degree
and has taken a financial side in which the house
of J. P. Morgan and the National City Bank and
all the Rockefeller interests are arrayed against
one another.

The National City Bank crowd does not want
Mr. Cortelyou to be Secretary of the Treasury.
J. Pierpont Morgan & Co. do want him. This
does not mean that Morgan & Co. have any hold
of any character, real or imaginary, on Mr. Cor-
telyou, and it does mean that the National City
Bank people are in exactly the same considera-
tion.

Ever since Lyman J. Gage became Secretary of
the Treasury, the National City Bank has been
the favorite client of the Treasury, and has had
the benefit of all kinds of advance information,
and has been given more Government money than
all the other New York institutions combined.
Every time there has been a melon cut in the
Treasury the National City Bank has known about
it, and has had the choicest slice picked out before
anybody else in financial circles got even a
glimpse of the rind.

The National City Bank crowd made connec-
tions not only with the Treasury through Gage,
but also established lines of communication
through Frank A. Vanderlip, who was afterward
taken into the employ of the bank and through
Milton E. Ailes Vanderlip came here as Gage's
private secretary.

Line on Treasury.

He was made an assistant secretary of the
Treasury. When Gage retired to take a Standard
Oil Trust Company job in New York, Vanderlip
was made one of the vice-presidents of the Na-
tional City Bank, but he still maintains his inside
connections with the Treasury and has kept in
close touch with the people who were formerly his
subordinates and remained his friends.

Ailes worked up in the Treasury on his merit.
He began as a messenger and went through all
the various gradations until he became an assist-
ant secretary.

The National City Bank crowd picked him out
as the man who knew all the intricate workings
of the Treasury Department, and they made a
wise choice. They bought into the Riggs Bank
here and put Ailes in charge of their interests in
that bank. Ailes retired from the Treasury, but
he did not retire from his connections with the
Treasury, and through the services of Vanderlip
and Ailes the National City Bank has known
everything before anybody else knew anything.

These two men were clever enough to keep their
inside connections through the five years Leslie
M. Shaw has been secretary.

Although Vanderlip went to New York, Ailes
simply removed his office across the street from
the Treasury, and both Vanderlip and Ailes are
frequently seen in and about the Treasury Build-
ing.

This perquisite of advance knowledge of what
the Treasury is going to do is a valuable one. The
National City Bank knows that when George B.
Cortelyou becomes Secretary of the Treasury in-
formation will be harder to get, if, indeed, any
information can be obtained at all, for Mr. Cor-
telyou is secretive and mysterious in his methods.
The National City Bank crowd think that with
almost anybody else as Secretary of the Treasury
they might be able to hold on, but they are afraid
of Cortelyou.

Lesser of Two Evils.

On the other hand, Morgan & Co. have had no
favors from the Treasury; they don't care for
Cortelyou, but they can not be any worse off
under Cortelyou than they are now, and they
know the discomfort that will be caused the Na-
tional City Bank by the confirmation of Cor-
telyou. Hence Mr. Morgan's friends in the
Senate are urging that Cortelyou shall be con-
firmed, not because they love Cortelyou more, but
because they love the National City Bank people
less.

Mr. Cortelyou 's nomination is before the
Finance Committee of the Senate. The chairman
of the Finance Committee is Senator Nelson W.
Aldrich, of Rhode Island, whose daughter was
married to John D. Rockefeller, Jr., and who has
always been the strong friend of the National
City Bank and the Standard Oil interest. In the
Senate Mr. Aldrich is delaying the confirmation.
Although he is the undisputed boss of the Senate,
he may not be able to defeat the confiiTnation, for

THE PANDEX

339

the expectation is that eventually Cortelyou must
be confirmed.

There are very few precedents for the refusal
to confirm Cabinet officers who are the personal
selections of the President. Cortelyou 's resigna-
tion of the chairmanship of the Republican Na-
tional Committee was not to be made until March
3, the day before he expects to become the Secre-
tary of the Treasury. He was informed that the
Democratic Senators would protest in a body
against his confirmation and refuse to vote for
him unless he resigned at once, and that was the
reason for his resignation of a few days ago.

There was no real reason for Cortelyou 's re-
maining chairman as long as he did. He had an
idea that if he retired when he was made post-
master-general he would retire under fire, and he
hung on. This phase of the situation has been
skilfully nsed by Senator Aldrich, who, under
cover, is earnestly working to defeat Cortelyou.

The President is well aware of what is going on,
and if the nomination should be held up until
after the Senate adjourns on March 4, there is no
doubt he will make Mr. Cortelyou a recess
nomination.

OIL TRUST ADVERTISING

Reading Matter Which It Gets Printed as News
In Standard Papers.

Washington, D. C— That the Standard Oil
Company buys advertising space in many news-
papers which it fills with reading matter prepared
by agents kept for that purpose, and paid for at
advertising rates as ordinary news, is the charge
made in the Interstate Commerce Commission's
report recently submitted to Congress. There
have been many inquiries at the commission's
offices for the specifications under this charge,
and your correspondent has been furnished with
a transcript of the evidence of the testimony upon
which the charge was based.

Malcolm Jennings, of Lancaster, Ohio, pro-
prietor of the Jennings Advertising Agency, testi-
fied that he placed contracts for the Standard Oil
Company under a general form of contract, which
provided for a fixed space of display advertising,
and an agreement as to the charge to be made for
reading matter, acceptable to the publisher, to be
run in his columns. Then this colloquy between
the chairman and Mr. Jennings ensued:

The Chairman— We don't want to pry into
your private matters. I understand you to say,
however, that you make contracts in behalf of the
Standard Oil Company and other clients with the
newspapers ? A. Yes, sir.

Q. By which you pay for a certain amount of
space. A. Yes, sir.

Q. And that space you have a right to fill with
acceptable reading matter? A. Yes, sir.

Q. If you want to clip the matter from some
other newspaper and send it to the publication,
you may do that? A. Yes, sir.

Q. If your client wants to hand you some
statement which may be considered a news item.

you send that along, and put it into that space,
and, so long as it is nothing objectionable, the
newspaper accepts it and prints it? A. Yes, sir.

Q. And there is nothing in the article to show
the origin? A. Not necessarily as a matter of
news.

Q. And nothing to show that its insertion is
paid for? A. No, sir. That is a very general
custom.

Q. And you say that is done by the Standard
Oil Company and a great many other people?
A. Every editor, I think.

The Chairman — We think that is about as far
as it is proper for us to go.

The names of the papers accepting Mr. Jen-
ning's prepared "news" were not brought out in
the course of the inquiry.

PRESIDENT WAS INQUISITIVE

Tried to Solve the Vital Yam Question in the
Canal Zone.

The President of the United States questioning
a black West Indian laborer was as polite as
he was to a division engineer, but equally as in-
sistent with his "But what I want to know is — "
(There are some men on the isthmus, I think,
who will hear this expression in their dreams.)
To the problem of yams he turned with the same
concentration that he would to making peace
between Russia and Japan, or the taxation of
great fortunes. And yams are really a great
problem. Even as by dint of oatmeal the Scotch
cultivated literature, so by dint of yams our
isthmian labor builds tracks and dumps the cars
and digs locomotives out of the mud. It is the
rice of the Jamaican's Orient, the black bread
of his Russia, the potato of his Ireland.

When one of the negroes that gathered around
the President complained that he could not get
good yams from the commissary, the man from
Cook's (one of them representing the commis-
sary) explained that when they were bad the pur-
chaser need not take them. The negro insisted
that the clerk at the commissary who threw them
at him gave him no option.

"We will go to the commissary and see the
yams," said the President.

Those in stock had some spots, but when
opened the meat was good. The Jamaican clerk
insisted that yams found bad might be returned.

"Have you ever tried to return the bad ones?"
the President asked the negro.

"No, sir," was the answer.

"Why not?" the President pursued.

"I would not stoop to do such a thing," was
the florid and dignified ultimatum.

Everybody laughed except the President. This
foolish response did not finish the subject for
him. He went into it again the next day at the
commissary at Colon. Now he had the complaint
that the yams were insufficient in quantity and
the commissary charged a higher price than the
Chinese dealere. There were many explanations.

340

THE PANDEX

and still he stuck to his point that what he
wanted to know was why the United States could
not sell yams as cheap as the Chinese dealers.
There were observers of the Presidential method
of questioning who remarked that the head of a
nation who would go so thoroughly into the prob-
lem of yams might sift any other subject to the
bottom. So all government employees please
make a note. — Collier's Weekly.

ME. GEORGE B. CORTELYOU.

We imagine that the real vigor of the oppo-
sition to Mr. Cortelyou will diminish, if not, in-
deed, disappear, with the sudden departure for
Europe of Mr. James Stillman, of the City Bank,
a most inconsiderate step on his part and one
which has deeply wounded the susceptibilities of
Mr. Roosevelt's Interstate Commerce Commis-
sion.

All the charges bandied about in relation to
Mr. Cortelyou 's appointment to the Treasury
have been dishonest and disingenuous, and have

been inspired by disreputable motives. Not one
of them would bear investigation, or, if looked
into, would reflect in the slightest degree upon
his fitness for the secretaryship or upon his abil-
ity to perform his duties. Mr. Roosevelt has
long meditated Mr. Cortelyou for the place, and
the Sun long since, and when many matters were
vastly different, gave its hearty approval to the
selection. It believed then, as it believes now,
that a better man can not be found, or one who
possesses more exceptional qualifications, and
there is only one regret worth mentioning, and
that is that he was not installed there long ago.
We entertain very well-defined ideas about the
Secretaryship of the Treasury. We would like
to see the office wholly taken away from Wall
Street influence and from personal relation with
individual banking interests; and we should also
like to see its duties discharged without any
solicitude on the incumbent's part for his own
political advancement. Mr. Cortelyou we take
to be the kind of man who will realize those as-
pirations and win the respect and enjoy the con-
fidence of the whole people. — New York Sun.

' 'Centralize'

The shades of night, on casual view,
Had done as they're accustomed to
When Secretary Root passed by,
This motto flaunting to the sky:
"Centralize!"

They followed him far up the height;
He hugged the banner far from light.
But unto all inquiring he
Returned with painful brevity:
"Centralize!"

"Oh, stay!" the people cried; explain
Wherein would lie our proper gain."
But Secretary Root his stride
Increased and only this replied :
"Centralize!"

They followed slowly down again
As he returned unto the plain;
They saw him go to Washington,
And there remark, his journey done :
"Centralize!"

And that was all. He came and went.
Some talk and energy misspent,
And people either soon forgot
His words or thought they'd better not
"Centralize!"

— New Orleans Times-Democrat.

THE PANDEX

341

A PRESIDENTIAL BIOSCOPE

THE FORAKER BOOM FOR PRESIDENT.

il-.:'-

S'^ - %."'

■:- -^ zS— — '~i ,

''M^^MiM^M""^'

Chairman of Foraker Mass Meeting — "Do I hear any recommendations for Presidential

candidates?"

V.-- ----- ■

??iSftffe^-l^''?^M^M^

^ r^- ^ r^

s-'^'^'-Mjilil

"I rise to propose that valiant statesman, that sterling champion of the weak against the strong,
Joseph Benson Foraker, the People's Friend."

342

THE PANDEX

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"The secretary is instructed to say that every person in this vast hall was unanimous in favor

of Foraker for President."

— Chicago Tribune.

THE P A N D E X

343

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344

THE PANDEX

A Dinner and a Clash

GRIDIRON CLUB ENDS ONE OF ITS FAMOUS EVENINGS OF FUN

WITH A CONTROVERSY INVOLVING PERSONAL EXCHANGES

BETWEEN THE PRESIDENT AND SENATOR

FORAKER.

SOMEWHAT charaeteristieally, President
Roosevelt appears again to have vio-
lated all conventionalities in the zeal of his
determination to prevent the republic from
running into the ditches and pitfalls which
his singular position enables him to see with
more distinctness than is possible for almost
any other person in the country. This time,
perhaps unfortunately for himself, his fault,
if it is a fault, was committed while he
was enjoying the hospitalities of his best
friends, the men of the press. The follow-
ing from the Washington Post describes
the incident:

The tilt between the President and Senator
Foraker at the Gridiron dinner can not be ignored
or silenced by elub etiquette. It was a battle
royal.

The President saw fit to make an opening for
attack, 'and the Ohio Senator accepted the over-
ture. The one preached a sermon on the duty of
every one to see the light as he saw it, and the
other resented the encroachment, even of a Presi-
dent, upon the individual conscience.

Both the President and Senator were at their
best. Mr. Roosevelt was forceful — more than
strenuous — and cuttingly incisive. It is said to
have been a speech of biting sarcasm ; interlarded
with a vigorous vocabulary, ever at the Presi-
dent's wits' end. Those who sat under it knew
instinctively that it would be countered.

It was taken by all who heard it as a direct
challenge to Senator Foraker. More, indeed. It
was taken as a lecture to him as an individual and
the Senate as a whole, reprobating both for stir-
ring up the Brownsville mess. It was delivered
in a high, strident pitch, and sandwiched with
gestures more than emphatic.

Knew Clash Was Coming.

During its delivery it provoked amazement at
its audacity, won not a little applause; but to the

knowing it carried apprehension and unrest.

When Foraker rose to reply he was ashen white.
He felt he had been singled out in a promiscuous
company to be insulted. From the opening sen-
tence he was more than virile. He did 'not mince
words. He hurled back the gratuitous flings at
himself and the Senate over his head. He denied
even to a President the right to instruct him in
his duties as a senator. His review of the Browns-
ville episode was hardly felicitous, but it was
keen and direct. His deduction that the final
record of the case would be rightly adjudged was
in a vein of withering rebuke.

President Waited Restively.

The arrows he shot back must have found a
mark, for even before he finished the President
was restive and eager to interject a running de-
bate, rather than let the senator alone undis-
turbed to the finish.

The President spoke thirty minutes. The Sen-
ator had the floor twenty minutes. In those fifty
minutes, however, events occurred so fast that it
curtailed four courses of the dinner.

Even Uncle Joe Cannon could not serve as a
poultice. It is true all hands sang "Auld Lang
Syne," and then rushed to the streets to catch
their breath and gossip.

A Sensational Encounter.

"From almost any point of view," said a
gentleman who was present, "it was an unfor-
tunate and regrettable occurrence. But for the
fact that the matter has to all intents and pur-
poses become public property, I should not feel
at liberty to say anything about it. Just how far
the so-called proprieties must be observed in a
case of this kind is an interesting question.

' ' The encounter between the President and Sen-
ator Foraker was of such a nature as to take it
out of the ordinary category of happenings at a
private dinner. It was sensational in the extreme,
and nothing like it has ever taken place before.

"The responsibility for the unpleasant incident
must, in my opinion, rest with the President, for

THE PANDEX

345

he started the ball rolling, so to speak. I can best
describe the incident by likening it to a battle in
the prize ring. In the first round, Mr. Roosevelt
entered the arena, wearing regulation boxing
gloves. He made a long speech — a very long
speech, for such an occasion. It was a condensa-
tion of his Japanese message and the Brownsville
message, with copious citations from his annual
message to Congress at the opening of the session
in December. There was nothing new or startling
in all this, and most of his auditors were able to
check ofi his points in advance. However, toward
the close Mr. Roosevelt veered around and
touched up the Senate. He laid aside his soft
gloves and put on a pair of the two-ounce kind.

"He laid special stress upon the Brownsville
ease, and disdainfully alluded to the 'academic
discussion' that had taken place in that body. He
was striking at Senator Foraker then. After-
ward he rapped J. Pierpont Morgan and Henry H.
Rogers, the vice-president of the Standard Oil
Company. Looking squarely at them, he sounded
what was intended to be a warning that they and
other men representative of Wall Street should
not undertake to block the reforms he had set in
motion and still had in contemplation.

"The Mob, the Mob, the Mob."

"He declared it was well for them that the re-
forms were being put through by the forces of
conservatism, for, otherwise, 'the mob, the mob,
the mob' spirit might become crowned and pluto-
cracy would be shown no mercy or consideration.

"Morgan and Rogers flushed deeply while
other guests squirmed in their seats. The situa-
tion was becoming strained and the course of the
dinner had become interrupted.

"When the President concluded, Mr. Blythe,
the toastmaster, called on Senator Foraker for a
reply, for he evidently felt that, since there were
many Senators present and the Ohio man person-
ally had been the target for some of Mr. Roose-
velt's shafts, it was the appropriate thing to call
on him.

"The Senator boldly accepted the President's
challenge. Personally, I believe he would not
have selected such a time or place for an en-
counter with the President, but as he had been
attacked he had a right to defend himself. I
have heard Mr. Foraker in the Senate on many
occasions, but I have never seen him appear to
better advantage than he did on Saturday night.
He was truly eloquent, and gave the President
the plainest talk he has probably ever listened to.
I did not look at his hands, but I think he had on
one-ounce gloves. His blows were hard and
landed with great force. To the Ohio Senator the
President of the United States looked the same
as any other individual. In a word, the President
was only a citizen.

Lectured the President.

"He first told Mr. Roosevelt that he would dis-
cover by the time the Senate concluded its in-
vestigation of the Brownsville case that the dis-
cussion in the Senate had been more than aca-

demic, and ventured to predict that the results
would prove it.

"Then he read the President a lecture, which
those who heard will never forget. It was one
of the most complete and effective excoriations I
ever heard. Possibly the sting of the President's
remarks was intensified by the knowledge that
the friends of the administration in Ohio are try-
ing to destroy him politically, although that is
merely surmise on my part. Apparently he was
inspired only by indignation. He declared with
great dramatic effect that his oath of office was
as sacred to him as was the President's to him,
and no preachments from the White House were
essential to the proper performance of his duty
as a senator. He gradually worked up to a splen-
did climax, declaring, with arms outstretched
toward the President :

" 'No one in this country ever loved the
President more than I did. No one ever fought
harder for him, or more loyally. That was when
he was in the right. But wrong, I have opposed
him, and shall always do so. That is the way I
see my duty to my conscience, my constituents,
and my country, and I am glad I am able to say
this in the presence of our distinguished Chief
Magistrate. The people of my own State know
I do my duty as I see it, and they know, as I
myself have told them, that they can retire me
if they believe I have a misconception of it.'

Roosevelt Back to the Fray.

"The President chafed under the pointed and
courageous words of the Ohio Senator, and would
have interrupted him but for the restraining
hand of the toastmaster. Finally, when the Sen-
ator finished, he jumped to his feet and struck
back, but he did not have time, nor could he find
words to retort effectively. But he was mad clear
through when he declared, between clinched
teeth, that the only place the Brownsville bat-
talion could get justice was at the White House
— the Senate could not mete it out to the dis-
charged negroes, because the power lay with him,
and him alone.

"At this point, if I remember rightly, the toast-
master, with native resourcefulness, tried to re-
lieve the tension of the situation by directing the
club cartoonist to draw some caricatures. That
helped considerably, for the President proposed
a toast to Foraker, who had been pictured as his
'best friend' in the Senate.

"But an uncomfortable feeling still pervaded
the banquet hall, and 'Uncle Joe' Cannon, in his
homely way, tried to dissipate it by telling a
story. But if there was any humor in it, not
many people recognized it, and, besides, three or
four courses of the dinner had been missed. The
episode consumed nearly an hour, and while
speechmaking is going on the gastronomical fea-
tures are suspended. Therefore, the dinner was,
strictly speaking, unfinished when the function
came to an end.

"I perhaps should explain that the incident
created such a stir because it was serious, and the
Gridiron dinners are arranged solely for fun and
to make people forget 'shop' for one evening."

346

THE PANDEX

THE KINGDOM OF AMERICA

Travesty on Imperialism Presented by the Grid-
iron Club Members.

INTERESTING details of the annual
merry-making at which the President
committed his faux pas — if faux pas it
proves to have been — are afforded in the
following symposium made up from the ac-
counts in the various newspapers of the last
Gridiron Dinner :

Washington, D. C. — The twenty-second annual
dinner of the Gridiron Club was given on the
night of January 26 at the New Willard Hotel,
and brought together 250 men, many of them
prominent in politics, diplomacy, the law, litera-
ture, and the newspaper world. Samuel G.
Blythe, Washington correspondent of the New
York World and president of the club, presided.
Next him, on the right, sat President Roosevelt,
while on his left was Vice-president Fairbanks.

The souvenir of the occasion was a bound book
with the title "Who's Who in Gridiron Prose
and Rhyme," which did not contain any prose,
but had many verses, mostly limericks and para-
phrases of Mother Goose melodies descriptive of
some of the most notable guests. Each verse was
illustrated by a half-page cartoon. President
Roosevelt was thus portrayed :

I'm busy with things night and day;

A rough rider once was heard to say:

Writing views, singing tunes, killing bears, firing

coons ;
Or composing an old Irish lay.

Of William J. Bryan the "Who's Who" said:

If at first you don't succeed,

Run, run again.
Show you're of racing breed,
i Run, run again.

Though you may not clear the fence,
!;;, When election strife 's intense,

'•; Take a braee and four years hence
Run, run again.

Verses Built for Everybody.

A picture of Speaker Cannon had this under it :

My ways I am seeking to mend,

But from simplified spelling forfend —

Even Mary's white lamb

Wouldn't 6are for a dam
That didn't have "n" on the end.

■ Other vei-ses were these:

A rooter who rooted for Root
Went off on a terrible toot.

Said he, "What's the need, .

With Taft in the lead.
To keep up this Rooting for Root?"

"Slang's all very well," said George Ade;

And for using the same I'm well paid;
But it's only a brute
Who will hand you some fruit

And inquiringly say, 'Lemon, Ade?' "

Bye, Bailey Bunting,
Duncan's gone a-hunting;
Gone to hunt a soup tureen
To souse our Baby Bailey in.

A simplified speller named Taft —
We laughed and he laffed and he laft.

"It is funny, ' ' said he,

"But you can't use e d
When you try to rhyme laughed with Bill Taft."

T. R. had a little Lodge,

Well trained and nicely taught.

He did whatever T. R. did

And thought what T. R. thought.

Have you heard what they gave to Odell,
And the time that he 's had 1 — Ah, 0, well,

We'll not shock the ladies

By translating hades.
To describe what occurred to Odell.

Nigger in de woodpile !

Massa Tillman git de gun.
If he doesn't hit 'im standin'

He will ketch him on de run.

I'm acquainted with stocks and with wettin' 'em,
And I likewise am partial to gettin' em;
For these ways I've been clubbed,
Jumped on, swatted, and snubbed.
But I'd leather be Rogers than Swettenham.

There was a young person named Loeb
Who was vastly more patient than Job;

When T. R. makes a break,

For appearances' sake.
They'll put all the blame upon Loeb.

A man of much money named Harriman
Remarked, "I was never a scary man;

If my railroads they take,

I will build a big lake
And then collect fares as the ferryman.

Teddy Bears Appear.

While the guests were enjoying these descrip-
tions of themselves, two Teddy bears came wan-
dering in from opposite sides of the hall. They
were looking for C. K. Berryman, the Washing-
ton Post cartoonist, who was recently elected a
member of the club, and who was now to be
initiated. They found him and took him in tow,
whereupon various members, skeptical of Berry-
man's qualifications for membership, demanded
that he prove them by drawing on the spot a
picture "of the man whom the Senate loves

THE PANDEX

347

most." Berrymaii, followed by bis bears, walked
up to an easel and drew a picture of President
Roosevelt.

Tben, being commanded to draw the Senator
wbom the President loves most, Berryman did
not hesitate a moment, but drew Senator Foraker.
A call for a picture of "the next President of

alterations in the White House, and needed to
know the exact height of Vice-president Fair-
banks. The tall Vice-m-esident stood up and was
measured.

The carpenter walked over to a large model of
the White House, which stood at the hick of the
hall anl measured the door. It fell short of the

LEAK IN THE GRIDIRON CLUB.

-Indianapolis News.

the United States" introduced a picture of the
perennial Presidential candidate, Fairbanks.

At this moment a carpenter was seen wander-
ing down the hall, looking for some one. The
secretary of the club stopped the intruder and
asked him what he wanted. It appeared that he
had been ordered by the Senate to make some

Vice-president's height by full a foot and a half.
The carpenter took out his hammer and knocked
olf the top of the building, and having thus pre-
pared it for the entry of the next President, he
walked off.

A moment later in came another carpenter. He
had been sent by the President to make some

348

THE PANDEX

alterations in the White House, and he was look-
ing for Secretary Taft. At the command of the
club president, Mr. Taft got up. The carpenter
approached him, measured his immense girth
with a tape measure, and walked over to the
White House. This time the door was not half
wide enough. The carpenter was stumped for a
moment, and then swung his hammer and knocked
out the entire side of the building.

Frojecftoscope Shows American King.

The main skit of the dinner was a satire on the
effort toward governmental centralization in the
United States. Ten strokes on a loud sounding
gong were sounded as President Blythe an-
nounced :

"Ten years are passing and by aid of the Grid-
iron Club's propectoscope we are to sit in the
year 1917 and shall be privileged to observe a
ceremonial session of the gorgeous court of that
mighty monarch, the Emperor of America, thus
showing the benefits of centralization."

A herald, attired in all the gold and velvet
finery of his office, then announced the function-
aries of the court. The chancellor of the ex-
chequer, the lord high chamberlain, and the prime
minister wore ordinary evening dress with the
ribbon of a royal order across their shirt fronts.
The lord high executioner was attired as his
predecessors were supposed to dress in medieval
days.

Then came the emperor-king, bearded and be-
wigged, bejeweled crown on his head, and his
ermine trimmed robes carried by two pages. He
was attended also by two couriers and a jester.
As the king reached his throne, his eye caught a
large map of the United States.

"What mean those lines?" demanded the King.

" 'Tis an old map, Sire," a courtier replied,
"and indicates the States that were."

' ' Erase those lines, ' ' commanded the King, and
they were rubbed out, leaving the United States,
as indicated by the map, one empire without
dividing lines. Then the following conversation
ensued:

"What was that music they played as I came
in?"

"It was a revised version of 'God Save the
King,' Sire."

"Revised? By whom?"
* "By William Jennings Bryan, Sire. He calls
it 'God Help the King.'"

"Bryan ? Bryan ? Who is he ? "

"The same, Your Majesty, who holds the rail-
road lines west of the Mississippi."

"Can we not crush him?"

"He's made of India rubber, Your Majesty,
and will not be crushed."

"My other railroads — how fare they?"

"They fare pretty fair. Your Majesty, since
you have cut oiT the passes."

Rogers and Morgan Reduced.

"And the telegraphs?"

"All wires are working. Your Majesty, save
the Atlantic cable, which was cut by William
Randolph Hearst when he seized Cuba."

"Has Japan conquered the Philippines?"

"No, Your Majesty. They now offer to give
them back to us for a coaling station in Guam."

"Give them back! Not while I am ©n the
throne. ' '

"I have to report, Your Majesty, that the tax
collectors are busy and the harvest is rich."

"How about the income tax?"

"There isn't a swollen fortune left within the
limits of the empire."

"What is our richest class?"

"The doctors are, since the anti-race suicide
edict."

This was interrupted by the entrance of two
ragged and wobegone men, both of whom pros-
trated themselves before the King, one saying,
"Be merciful, for I once owned all the railroads
in this land." The other said, "And I controlled
the oil products."

They were identified by a courtier as H. H.
Rogers and J. Pierpont Morgan, much to the
amusement of the guests, who watched Mr. Mor-
gan and Mr. Rogers narrowly. Rogers and Mor-
gan both laughed heartily and the President
nearly fell out of his chair.

The courtiers sprang forward to seize the'
tramps, when one of them, falling on his knees,
cried out, "Oh, gracious Sire, be merciful. I
once owned all the railroads in this land."

"And I, gracious Sire, controlled the oil prod-
uct," cried the other.

"Egad, your Majesty," exclaimed a courtier,
s?''utinizing the first tramp closely as he was
about to be hurried away, "it's J. P. Morgan."

"H. H. Rogers, as I'm alive," cried another
courtier, pointing to the other.

The King, looking bored, tossed a handful of
coin to each and ordered them away, but the
Prime Minister interposed, suggesting that em-
ployment be provided for the poor wretches. Tlie
King agreed, and it was provided, on the Loid
High Executioner's suggestion, that Rogers be
made first oiler of the Imperial Special train and
Morgan be made lock-tender on the Panama
Canal.

"But the canal is not finished yet, your Ma-
jesty," broke in the Lord High Chamberlain.

"Very well," answered the King, "make hira
official photographer for the canal, and tell him
to get in all the steam shovels."

The King then asked what other matters of
importance were to be brought before the court,
and the Chamberlain told him that a curio dealer
had offered a goodly sum for that antiquated
document, the Constitution of the United States.

"Accept it," said the King, "and buy me a
new crown with the proceeds."

Then . another courtier asked what should be
done with the Declaration of Independence.

"Send it to our cousin, the King of England."
replied the Emperor. "He is collecting auto-
graphs. ' '

Ambassadors in Training.

The business of the court continued as follows:

"Your Majesty's Ambassador at the Court of

St. James reports by submarine telephone that

THE PANDEX

349

the Right Hon. James Bryce did six feet four
inches in the pole vault yesterday."

"It is not enough. Stven feet or we won't re-
ceive him. Wasn't the French Ambassador to
be here at this time?"

"Yes, Sire; he is in the garden putting the
twelve-pound shot."

"Inform him that I will not sign that treaty
of alliance unless he does better than he did
yesterday. Can any among my faithful subjects
inform me who was the last President of the
United States?"

"Roosevelt — Theodore Roosevelt, I think his
name was, sire."

"Why didn't he become King?"

"He said at a Gridiron Club dinner, your
Majesty, that he would not accept a third term,
and the Supreme Court held that his word was
constitutional. ' '

"Was that a five-to-four decision?"

"No, your Majesty, four to four. Moody
could not sit in the case."

"Where is Ex-president Roosevelt now?"

"He's still waiting for Piatt or Depew to re-
sign so he can go to the Senate."

"I thought I prorogued the Senate."

"You did, but Mr. Morgan and Mr. Pettus
would not move out of their chairs. Thty are
sitting there yet."

"A man named GifiEord Pinchot, who was once
held in some esteem, complains that the White
House does not match the trees."

"White Houst? You mean that relic of for-
gotten days? Paint it green and call it the
Green House, or paint the trees white, it matters
not."

Greek Busts with Sharp Tongues.

Another skit gave two members of tht club the
opportunity to pose as Greek busts in marble,
which, it was announced, had been presented to
the club by J. P. Morgan. A club member began
to criticize the busts.

Whereupon one of the priceless art treasures
opened its lips and spake. "This young man
seems to be a good art critic."

"Has all the attributes of a professional,"
assented the other bust.

"I understand Peter Dooley Dunn is going to
write serious articles."

"Going to?" said the first, in mild surprise.

"They tell me Senator Beveridge is working
hard for his child-labor bill."

"It's a good thing it wasn't in force when
Beveridge got his job in the Senate."

"Is Secretary Taft a candidate for the presi-
dfcncy?"

"Yes."

"Does he want to be chief justice of the Su-
preme Court?"

"Yes."

"Does he want to remain at his present work
as secretary of war?"

"Yes."

"Has he a longing to return to private life?"

"Yes."

"How do you know all these things?"

"I read the statement he put out a few days
ago. ' '

General Horace Porter was pointed out as the
man who constructed John Paul Jones "out of
a shin bone, a button, and a sword hilt," and
the busts disputed as to whether J. Pierpont
Morgan's fad was collecting libraries or collect-
ing scalps.

After the statues had walked out arm-in-arm
and the guests had had a short chance to eat,
various persons arose and sang a song about the
tariff and the Speaker whereof the chorus was:

Notwithstanding all the clamor see the Speaker
with his hammer
Swat the movement for reform a deadly blow;
He is standing pat forever, and will never, never,
never
Give a tariff bill the slightest bit of show.
Talk of coal and hides and lumber, and the sched-
ules without number,
Still we make a bit of prophecy to you :
We will all be old and gray, sinking into sad
decay,
When the Speaker lets a tariff bill go through.

CHORUS.

Oh, the North Pole will be melted and the Nile
with ice be belted.
And the green grass of the prairies changed to
blue;
And the stars will shine by day and the fish on
land will play,
When the Speaker lets a tariff bill go through.

The song to Vice-president Fairbanks was en-
titled, "Are You Going Back to Indiana, Fair-
banks?" and this was the chorus:

Song to Fairbanks.

Are you going back to Indiana, Fairbanks?
Don't you want to stay in Washington some

more?
The folks all say you will go back,
You will go back.
You will go back.
But something seems to whisper that you'll fool

them.
That the delegates are waiting you to cheer.
Are you going back to Indiana, Fairbanks?
Don't you want to stay right here?

This song was sung early in the dinner, and
it was intimated by the president of the club

350

THE PANDEX

that the Vice-president would have an oppor-
tunity to answer the question later. He never
did get that opoprtunity, although he sat all
through the dinner waiting for it, and each time
a speaker was called up the Vice-president was
told his chance would come in a few moments.
As a delicate tribute to H. H. Rogers, the
club's basso, John H. Nolan, sang a song entitled,
"Standard Oil, Good-bye," of which this is the
chorus :

Standard Oil, good-bye; Standard Oil, good-bye;

We will bid you fond farewell.

What the courts will do ere they're through with

you.
It will make you sad to tell, sir.
There's a time ahead, so we've heard it said,
When you'll get it in the eye;
So we sing this little song, and you bet we're not

far wrong.
When we sing ' ' Standard Oil, good-bye. ' '

Dum Vivimus Vigilemus

Turn out more ale, turn up the light ;
I will not go to bed to-night.
Of all the foes that man should dread,
The first and worst one is a bed.
Friends I have had, both old and young.
And ale we've drunk, and songs we've sung;
Enough you know, when this is said :
That one, and all, they died in bed.
In bed they died, and I'll not go
Where all my friends have perished so.
Go you who fain would buried be ;
But not to-night a bed for me.

For me to-night no bed prepare.
But set me out my oaken chair;
And bid no other guests, beside
The ghosts that shall around me glide;
In curling smoke-wreaths I shall see
A fair and gentle company.

Though silent all, rare revelers they.
Who leave you not till break of day.
Go you who would not daylight see,
But not to-night a bed for me;
For I 've been born and I 've been wed :
All of man's perils comes of bed.

And I'll not seek, whate'er befall,
Him who unbidden comes to all —
A grewsome guest, a lean-jawed wiaht —
God send he do not come to-night !
But if he do, to claim his own,
He shall not find me lying prone.
But blithely, bravely sitting up.
And raising high the stirrup cup.
Then, if you find a pipe unfilled,
An empty chair, the brown ale spilled,
Well may you know, though naught be said.
That I've been borne away to bed.
— Charles Henry Wee in New York Times.

THE PANDEX

351

qUrtlltlUtll'l'

.iiiili|iiiii)iiiim)iMniiiiii

THL SENATE

ltill|lll((illllllU(lun»llllll(MLll[lliaUiUllilU^!IlUL^(tim'AM\Wllll(lUMU^

"The doors were locked and then for two hours the Senate proceeded to repair its wounded

dignity." — Chicago Record-Herald.

352

THE PANDEX

Government vs. Personalities

THE PRESIDENT. SENATORS, AND OTHER POLITICAL LEADERS IN

CONFLICTS OF VARYING DEGREE CONCERNING

LEGISLATION AND ADMINISTRATION

WHILE Mr. Lawson is again assuming
the leadership in the financial fight
against corruption and illegal monetary
dealing, and while President Roosevelt so
far feels the critical nature of the existing
national situation that he ventures to in-
fringe upon the proprieties of a press din-
ner, the personnel of the law-making bodies
of the country becomes of increasing im-
portance. And this fact is now so widely
recognized that such an incident as the
aspersion of Senator Bailey of Texas for
his alleged duplicity in receiving favors
from representatives of the Standard Oil
while acting as the representative in Con-
gress of one of the strongest anti-trust states
in the Union expands from a state to a na-
tional issue. Also the senators themselves
appear to recognize the gravity of the situ-
ation by unusual severity and earnestness
in mutual criticism and by a gradually
diminishing rebellion against the purposes
of the President when the latter manifestly
have the popular support behind them.

ROOSEVELT BEATS DOWN ENEMIES

Aldrich, Crane, and Other Anti-Administration-
ists Surrender on Brownsville Issue.

A striking instance of the readiness with

which senatorial opposition withdraws

before the popularity of the President is

given in the following from the New York

Times, itself never too friendly to Mr.

Roosevelt :

Washington. — The President has his Republi-
can opponents in the Senate whipped in the fight

over the Brownsville resolution. They recognize
the situation and are scurrying around in the
effort to get to cover.

There have been all sorts of conferences. The
news that the President was telling his friends
that he would regard a vote to table the Black-
burn amendment or a vote against it as a vote
against himself gave the Itss courageous of his
party supporters in the Senate a new stiffening
of the backbone. The count of noses demon-
strated that they had the situation in complete
control.

Senator Lodge's house was the scene of oper-
ations most of the day. Several senators went
there in the morning to assure him that they
could be counted on to vote as the President de-
sired. Aldrich and Crane, the leaders of the
opposition, were not in town, but Aldrich re-
turned early in the afternoon and Crane came
back a little later. They immediately got to-
gether and arranged a conference of their own.
In the meantime the President had called at
Senator Lodge's and remained for two or three
hours. While there he met several senators.

When the President left Lodge drove to Sen-
ator Knox's house, where the last conference of
the day was held. It was attended by Aldrich,
Crane, and Spooner, besides Lodge and Knox.
There was no attempt by the anti-Roosevelt men
to disguise the fact that they were whipped.
The only thing that was bothering them was
how they were to take the whipping gracefully.
When Lodge reported to them that the President
had no intention of deviating from the position
he had taken and was not going to wait for the
Senate leaders to force the fighting, they recog-
nized that the jig was up.

THE SENATE A "MINSTREL SHOW."

Tillman, in Voice Bitter with Venom, Stirs Col-
leagues to Hot Anger.

Perhaps the following incident will ulti-
mately prove to be the last stand of the per-

THE PANDEX

353

sonal interest element in the Senate as
against the public interest:

Washington, D. C. — Senator Tillman outdid all
his previous spectacular performances in the
Senate recently by making a personal attack
upon a number of his colleagues.

It pleased the South Carolina Senator to de-
scribe the Senate as a negro minstrel show, and
he brought in the names of senator after senator,

amply, in optn session. The Senate also took
care that the Congressional Record should con-
tain not a word of the speech which satirized the
dignified senators as burnt-cork artists.
Tillman's Burnt Cork Show.

The fireworks exploded during a debate over tht
Brownsville affair, during which Senator Tillman
arose to reply to Senator Spooner's recent criti-
cism.

As a prelude to this, he paid his compliments

A PEEP INTO THE AWFUL FUTURE.

-South Bend Tribune.

describing each in venomous words that burned
like vitriol.

One of the senators, Carmack of Tennessee,
became so angered that he retorted in kind. So
tense did the situation become that the Senate
hastily cleared the galleries, closed the doors,
and went into secret session to avert a personal
encounter between the senators from South
Carolina and Tennessee.

The senators in secret session brought the
South Carolina Senator to a saner frame of
mind and forced him to apologize, abjectly and

to senators who had spoken, on the Brownsville
incident. He said the press had denominated
him the "burnt-cork artist of the Senate," and
he added, if he were "entitled to this appellation
or that of 'Pitchfork Ben' at one end of the
minstrel line, certainly 'Fire Alarm Joe' [Sen-
ator Foraker] ought not to be ignored at the
other. We both do the Orlando and Furioso act
admirably," he said.

Senator Culberson was designated as per-
forming a solo on the "bones" in praise of
the President; Senator Daniel was called "the

354

THE PANDEX

brilliant and courtly Senator from Virginia
whose specialty is oratory and who works his
rhetoric overtime. ' '

"Next," said Mr. Tillman, "we have the
dying swan, Smiling Tom of Colorado, the State
recently bought at auction by one Guggenheim,
and the swan song is a dirge for the dying
democracy of the North, stabbed in its vitals by
Ben's pitchfork. His act is very pathetic, indeed,
and always brings tears to the eyes of the audi-
ence.

This Angered Carmack.

"Next we have the redoubted Tennesseean,
who was once a knight, a very Hotspur in the
lists, whose spear has rung true and clear upon
the visor of the usurper at the White House and
who has made the sparks tly in many an onset ;
but his spearhead is broken off, he has been un-
horsed, but before retiring from the lists he
seizes a garland of flowers and, placing it on his
headless weapon (now, alas! no longer of any
use), he lays it at the feet of the victorious
Roosevelt as a peace offering and joins the min-
strels to sing a last song to the victor of Browns-
ville, who whistles Democrats to come to the
White House and lick the hand which has so
often smote them. His specialty is a song, 'Re-
nominate Our Idea or Give Us Back Our Plat-
form. '

"Next, as the negro preacher and telephone
artist in the show, who on occasions gets in com-
munication with the White House over the wire
and acts as a receiver and repeater — a veritable
chameleon in his accuracy in reproducing White
House colors — we have a senator hailing from
Massachusetts, the home of the sacred cod, where
the Adams vote is for Douglas and Lodge walks
with the Almighty.

"As the middle man we have the pompadour
artist from Georgia, whose specialty is to never
answer any questions and who depends upon his
voice to carry conviction to his audience.

' ' Then comes the star of the troupe, ' Gum-shoe
Bill' from 'Old Missouri.' He can dance the
Highland fling on top of a ten-rail fence and
never touch the ground, but his greatest feat is
walking on eggs without breaking the shells.

"Last, we have the artist from the Badger
State, an acrobat and juggler of international
reputation. He is supple, sly, and foxy, and,
having once been a lawyer, is noted throughout
the land for his ability to get on either side of
any question and maintain the negative or affirm-
ative in any argument with great force and
fervor. He sings bass, alto, -soprano, or tenor,
and is superb in any role."

ROOSEVELT LIKE LA FOLLETTE

Correspondent Says He Is Trying to Dictate Who
Shall Sncceed Him.
The phase of the President's relations to
Congress which may remain to create an-
tagonism even after the greater majority of

the Senate have yielded to confidence in
his intentions and general support of his
administrative plans is suggested in the fol-
lowing from the Chicago Inter-Ocean:

Washington, D. C. — Much the same condition
pertains in Republican national politics to-day
as in the state of Wisconsin last year. In the
Badger State Senator La Follette sought to name
his successor . for the governorship. Instead of
supporting Governor James 0. Davidson for the
nomination, he picked out Irvine L. Lenroot, and
called upon his followers to nominate him. How-
ever devoted the half-breeds of Wisconsin may
be to the junior Senator when he himself is run-
ning for office, they refused to let him dictate
whom they should name for other offices. So it
appears to be in the Republican Party to-day,
when President Roosevelt is trying to force the
nomination of the man he shall name for his
own successor.

The Republican leaders have shown no disposi-
tion to abide by the President's plan to dominate
the next national convention. Whether the out-
come of the impending struggle will follow the
same lines as did the campaign in Wisconsin last
year remains to be seen. As yet President Roose-
velt has not indicated precisely whom he wants
nominated further than to let it be known that
he wants a man who will follow in his footsteps
and espouse not only the policies he has made
prominent, but also promise to enforce them in
the same manner he has done.

That is exactly what La Follette did in Wis-
consin. He admitted that Davidson, who had
been elected with him as lieutenant-governor
when he was chosen governor, was a good man
and a real genuine "half-breed," but he wanted
some one who would carry on his policies of re-
form with a vigorous hand.

La Follette Gets Blow.

In a word he attempted to do the political
thinking of his party in the matter of choosing
a leader, and they refused to let their devotion
carry them to that limit. The. result was that
the junior Senator from Wisconsin met one of
the hardest blows of his political life.

No one here questions the right of President
Roosevelt to desire that his policies be continued
by his successor. Like him, Republican leaders
in Congi'ess are firmly convinced that the mau
who will follow him in the presidential chair
will be a Republican. Tliey realize the Repub-
lican party must go before the country on the
record made under his leadership during the two
past administrations. But they show no disposi-
tion to pennit him to be the absolute dictator
of all policies and nominations for the next
campaign.

Spurn White House Plan.

With the tremendous power that his federal
patronage gives him in every state, they readily
recognize the possibilities that exist for the Presi-
dent to impress his wishes on state organizations.
His critics say that he is laying his plans for
just such a campaign, and while they would fol-

THE PANDEX

355

THE RETURN OF SENATOR BAILEY.
Tpxas — "All right, Senator, but keep in the straight and narrow path, and remember I'm looking."

-Chicago Inter-Ocean.

356

THE PANDEX

low him if he himself were available as a candi-
date, they make no secret of the fact that they
will not accept his advice in the interests of
another.

The President's choice as his successor is said
to lie between two men- — Secretary of War Taft
and Secretary of State Root. With either of
these men as his candidate he is almost certain
to have opposition, and political prophets here
predict that he will complete the analogy of the
Wisconsin ease if he persists in his determination
to dictate who his successor shall be. Secretary
Taft is generally admitted to meet the specifica-
tions which the President has in mind for a suc-
cessor who would carry on his policies. The
big Secretary of War, though generally a most
genial gentleman, has a fondness for swinging
the "big stick."

But Secretary Root, whom many claim is the
President's first choice as his successor, is not
that type of man at all. Of course, no one tries
to square this with the President's political
yardstick. They accept it as one of his consist-
ent inconsistencies. Secretary Root is generally
regarded as an ultra-conservative, though he has
been making a number of speeches recently on
centralization of government and other subjects
dear to the heart of President Roosevelt that
go a long way toward explaining his popularity
at the White House. These public utterances
of Mr. Root, more than anything else, have
brought him out as a presidential aspirant bid-
ding for popular approval by advocating the
policies of the present aggressive administration.

As yet no boom has been launched for Mr.
Root, and but for his prominence as the chief
spokesman of the administration he would not
be seriously considered as an aspirant.

RECORDS OF THE SENATORS

The Boston Herald Gives the Alleged Affiliations
of Each.

For the first time, perhaps, in recent his-
tory the fight over the conscientiousness of
legislators has become so acute that it has
been found possible by the press to publish
such a statement as the following from the
Boston Herald, without fear of libel or other
punishment :

Boston. — In a four-column article the Boston
Herald goes deep down into the records and cor-
porate, commercial, and other affiliations of the
United States senators, placing the list in tabu-
lated form with the name of the corporation or
other interest opposite the name of senator.

Some forty-six members are enumerated as so-
called "railroad senators," either from their
former asociation, stock ownership, or law prac-
tice. A majority of the present members are
given as having affiliations with mighty financial
or corporate concerns, and who hearken to the
monopolistic command.

"How many friends the Rockefeller-Harriman-
Standard Oil interests have in the Senate, and
just how friendly they are, only men on the very
inside can know," says the Boston Herald.
"Denials or no denials, there are many of them.
Every oil-producing state shows the Standard
Oil influence — Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and
numerous commonwealths across the mountains."
In giving its record of the Senate, the Herald
says that it by no means follows that all senators
whose political activities have brought them into
touch with corporations are wealthy, or even
well off. Yet one could not easily designate the
poor men of the Senate, nor the rich men. The
tabulation is given on the opposite page.

AN AFTERNOON WITH GOV. HUGHES

New Executive of the Empire State Surprises
All Classes by His Methods.

Since President Roosevelt absolutely
refuses to change his determination with re-
gard to again running for office, and since
the boom for Secretary Taft or for Secre-
tary Root does not appear to awaken pop-
ular enthusiasm, the following story from
the New York World as to a man in public
life whose friends look upon him as a pos-
sible successor to Roosevelt becomes excep-
tionally interesting :

Albany. — A flickering log fire imparted to the
great Executive Chamber a cosy atmosphere of
inviting comfort and radiated fleeting shadows
athwart the rows of portraits of some of the
governors who in past days had used the spa-
cious apartment to receive delegations of the
Y. M. C. A. and excursions of country visitors.

Never in the memory of the oldest office
grafter had a governor ever used the "big room"
save for show purposes or to get rid of harmless
citizens cruel enough to keep favored political
bosses awaiting the return of the Governor in
the real Governor's oflftce.

But here was a different scene. At a long flat
desk, backed up against the east wall in the
center of the room, a serious man, heavily and
blackly bearded, pored over a tumbled pile of
papers with knit brows.

At a desk to his right sat another man, whose
beard, trimmed to a neat Van Dye point, was
of a rich tawny hue, suggesting molasses candy
after a three-minute "pull"- — not political pull.

To the left of the black-bearded man at the
center table sat a dapper, c'ean-shaven young
man of military mould, well set up and alert.
The ticking of a traveling clock in front of the
man at the center desk alone broke the stillness.

Governor's Smile Inviting.

The light footfall of an interested group of
visitors gathered in the doorway leading to the

THEPANDEX 357

AFFILIATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES SENATORS.

Name. State. Business. Supposed affiliation.

Aldricii Rhode Island. Business man Rockefeller, R. R.

Alee Delaware Jeweler Addicks, R. R

Allison Iowa Lawyer R. R.

AnKeny Washington Banker J. J. Hill, R. R.

Bacon Georgia Lawyer . ;

Bailey ; Texas Lawyer R. R., corporations

Berry Arkansas Lawyer

Beveridge Indiana Lawyer

Blackburn Kentucky Lawyer '.

Brandegee Connecticut Lawyer R. R.

Bulkley Connecticut Business man Insurance, R. R.

Burkett Nebraska Lawyer

Burnham New Hampshire Lawyer Lucius Tuttle

Burrows Michigan Lawyer Corporations

Carmack Tennessee Editor

Carter Montana Lawyer R. R., corporations

Clapp Minnesota Lawyer J. J. Hill, R. R.

Clark , Wyoming Lawyer E. H. Harriman, R. R.

Clark ; Montana Mine owner Corporations

Clarke Arkansas Lawyer

Clay Georgia Lawyer

Crane Massachusetts Manufacturer

Curtis Kansas Lawyer M. A. Low, R. R.

Culbertson Texas Lawyer

Cullom Illinois Lawyer (?)

Daniel Virginia Lawyer

Depew New York Lawyer Vanderbilts, R. R.

Dick Ohio Lawyer

Dillingham Vermont Lawyer

Dolliver Iowa Lawyer R. R.

Dryden New Jersey Business man Insurance, R. R.

Dubois Idaho ; . . . .Lawyer

Dupont Delaware Manufacturer Powder trust, R. R.

Elkins West Virginia Promoter Wall Street, R. R.

Flint California Lawyer Corporation, R. R.

Foraker Ohio Lawyer Corporate law, R. R.

Foster Louisiana Lawyer .^ Sugar interests

Frazler Tennessee Lawyer

Frye Maine- Lawyer

Fulton Oregon Lawyer E. H, Harriman

Gallinger New Hampshire Physician . ; Lucius Tuttle, R. R.

Gamble South Dakota Lawyer (?) R. R.

Gearing Oregon Lawyer

Hale Maine Lawyer

Hansbrough North Dakota Editor J. J. Hill, R. R.

Hemenway Indiana Lawyer ••••••

Heyburn . Idaho Lawyer Mormon, Pres. Smith

Hopkins ". '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'."..'. . .'. .'I'llinois Lawyer John W. Gates, R. R.

Kean New Jersey Lawyer Corporations, R. R.

Kittridge South Dakota Lawyer J. J. Hill, R. R.

Knox Pennsylvania Lawyer ., H. C. Frick, R. R.

LaFollette Wisconsin Lawyer

Lattimer South Carolina I-awyer (?)

Lodge Massachusetts Historian (?)

Long Kansas ■ Lawyer (?) R. R.

McCreary Kentucky Lawyer (?)

MeCumber North Dakota Lawyer , J. J. Hill, R. R.

McBnery Louisiana liawyer Sugar interests

McLaurln Mississippi Lawyer

Mallory Florida Lawyer

Martin Virginia Lawyer

Millard Nebraska Banker E. H. Harriman, R. R.

Money Mississippi Planter (?)

Morgan Alabama Lawyer

Nelson Minnesota Lawyer

Ne wlands Nevada Lawyer R. R. capitalist

Nixon Nevada Lawyer

Overman North Carolina Banker E. H. Harriman, R. R.

Patterson Colorado Lawyer (?)

Penrose Pennsylvania Lawyer R. R. corporations

Perkins California Business man R. R. (?)

Pettus Alabama Lawyer

Piles Washington Lawyer J. J. Hill, R. R.

Piatt New York Business man R. R., Express trust

Proctor Vermont Business man Marble trust

Rayner Maryland Lawyer

Scott West Virginia Business man Corporations, R. R.

Simons North Carolina Lawyer (?)

Smoot Utah Lawyer Mormon president

Spooner Wisconsin Lawyer Smith, R. R.

Stone Missouri Lawyer Corporation, law R. R.

Sutherland Utah Lawyer (?)

Taliaferro Florida Business man R. R. and Mormon; Pres. Smith

Teller Colorado Lawyer (?)

Tillman South Carolina Planter and cornfield lawyer

Warner Missouri Lawyer Lecture platform

Warren Wyoming Business man

Wetmbre Rhode Island Lawyer E. H. Harriman, R. R.

Whyte Maryland Lawyer N. W. Aldrich

358

THE PANDEX

ante-chamber caught the ear of the man at the
center table and a pleasant smile brought out
into full relief the kindly blue eyes and between
the lines of mustache and beard two glisttning
rows of teeth. The face, relieved of its serious
gravity, was so inviting that one of the women
in the party in the doorway ventured a step
inside the room.

The man at the center table arose. Instantly
the military-looking man at his left was at his
side. The tawny-bearded man, poring over
papers, raised his eyes for an instant, scanned
the face of the man at the center table and went
on with his reading.

The military man glided over the soft carpet
to the group of visitors.

"Would you like to meet the Governor?" he
asked of the woman nearest him.

"Yes, if we might," she replied modestly,
"but we didn't know we could. We live in
Kockland County and are seeing the capital.

"Come with me," invited the military aid.
He ltd the six persons, two men, three women,
and a child, to the man at the center desk, who
moved around to the front of it.

The military aid asked the names of the per-
sons in the party and repeated them to the dark-
bearded man, who extended his hand in a genial
and gentle grip, uttered a« few commonplace
words of welcome and acknowledged the embar-
rassed words of greeting with a cordiality that
relieved his callers of their shyness.

Enters the County Boss.

While he was thus engaged a thick-set man
snuggled in a fur overcoat came in and looked
with ill-concealed amusement at the group around
the center table. He noted that the dark-bearded
man was very intent in his greeting to his vis-
itors; that he was tall and straight, though thin
at the flank and shoulders; that the cutaway
coat he wore fitted the lines of his figure with
easy grace; that his' trousers were gracefully
creased and fitted snugly around the button-shoes
freshly polished; that the black four-in-hand
tie was knotted about the medium-winged high-
standing collar with careless exactness.

All this he noted at a glance, but it was on
the face that his eyes rested longest. He studied
the fine-set lines visible above the thin skein
of hair that reached up to within an inch of
the deep-set blue eyes, the firmness of the jaw
revealed through the mesh of hair thicker be-
neath, the curving of the face away toward the
temples from the medium fulness of the cheek,
the normal lobed ear, deep and close-set below
and spreading in generous width at the top.

When the party of sightseers had bowed their
thanks and moved out of the door, the Governor
returned to his seat. The thick-set man looked
at him inquiringly. The military aid ap-
proached.

"Would you like to see the Governor?" he
asked.

The thick-set man eyed him curiously and
flicked the ash from his "dead" cigar.

"No hurry." he said, tersely. "I'll wait till
he gets through there. I'll see him inside."
"Can't I tell him your name?"

Has to Stay in the Open.
"Sure," replied the visitor with quiet con-
fidence'. "I'm , the Republican leader of

County. I'll wait until he gets through

there and see him inside," and the Republican
boss jerked his thumb significantly toward the
blind mahogany wall, indicating a familiar inti-
macy with its veiled door.

"But perhaps you had better see him here.
He receives all his callers here, never in his pri-
vate office," politely insisted the military aid.

"Oh, yes, I know all about that, but I've'
got some confidential business with him. You
know," and the narrow eyes ' of the speaker
flamed a knowing slit in the shape of a wink.

The Governor looked up at this instant and
smiled an invitation for the Republican boss to
approach.

The boss could not resist. With uncertain
glance at the Governor, he approached and as-
sumed a bluflf air of familiarity. Instantly the
lines around the mouth of the Governor tight-
ened. He seized the profifered hand.

"What can I do for you?" he asked guard-
edly.

••()h, I want to see you in private about a
matter up our way," and the boss directed an
inquiring glance toward the inside room.

"Sit down," invited the Governor, indicating
a chair two feet from his own and seating him-
self before his caller could recover himself. The
latter sank into the chair uneasily. The Gov-
ernor with an encouraging smile waited for him
to begin.

The Boss Is Disconcerted.

"Why, er — er Governor, there are some mat-
ters about politics and legislation I want to talk
to you about in private."

"Oh, well, go ahead," said the Governor, look-
ing directly at his caller. "No one will interrupt
us here. But I think you have come to the
wrong place about legislation. I am not a mem-
ber of the Legislature."

"Oh, well, you know, I understand that, you
know — know," and the boss was visibly discon-
certed. He looked around the room and noted the
proximity of half a dozen men who had come in
and ranged themselves on the sofas and chairs
along the south wall. He began to talk with
obvious embarrassment. He did not say one-half
he intended, nor in the way he meant.

The Governor listened attentively, nodding
only to indicate that he understood, but did not
make any direct statement or comment. And
when the political boss awkwardly shook hands
with him and faded through the door his cigar
vras bunched in one of his hands and he looked
sheepishly at the other men waiting for an audi-
ence.

For an hour political bosses, state officials,
members of the Legislature, and callers having all
sorts of business in the Executive Chamber came
and went. Finally, when the afternoon was wan-

THE PANDEX

359

HOPE SPRINGS ETERNAL IN THE HUMAN HEART.

— Chicago Tribune.
Apropos of a Recent Eflfort by the Mayor of Chicago to Secure Signatures to a Referendum

Petition on the Street Railway Question.

360

THE PANDEX

EFFECT OF REGISTERING THE LOBBYISTS. No. 1.
As It Has Been.

— Indianapolis News.

ing, one of the senators who was not at the
midnight meeting of the night before came in,
took a seat beside the Governor and said with a
laugh :

"That crowd upstairs is beginning to show its
teeth. They are preparing for your instruction
and education a demonstration of force."

"Really now, that's interesting," said the
Governor, with a wide grin. "What have I done
to deserve such uncharitable treatment?"

"Well, as near as I can make out, although I
am not in the confidence of the gentlemen who
are arranging the show, you have violated every
commandment in the bosses' bible."

"How?" asked the Governor.

"Well, you have not accepted their recommen-
dations ; you have ignored them in the matter
of appointments; refused to share their respon-
sibility to their clients, the corporations ; you will
not indicate your attitude on matters of legisla-
tion, and have, to quote one of them, 'put it all
over them.' "

"But don't they appreciate the fact that I'm
trying to do my duty?"

"Yes, but they don't approve of your point
of view. They think your duty is first to them
and to the people afterward."

"Well, that's a matter of opinion," said the
Governor tersely, his grin expanding. "What
are they going to do about it?"

"Something dreadful."

"For instance?"

So They Gag the Press.

"Well, they don't dare to openly tackle you

under existing conditions. So they have con-
ceived the scheme of cutting away your support-
ing army. They propose to intimidate the press
by gagging the newspaper correspondents."

The Governor's mouth puckered in a whistle
that caused the taflfy-bearded man at the desk to
his right to raise his head expectantly, then said :

"Well, let them go as far as they like. I
guess thfe' newspapers can look out for them-
selves. And as for the correspondents, they
must constitute an army worth reckoning with
or the senators would not waste so much of the
public time trying to revive some of the features
of the Spanish inquisition. The matter is one
that has no personal significance to me. It con-
cerns the senators and reporters. But if I were
a betting man — which I am not — I think I would
wager a big red apple that the reporters will not
get the worst of it."

A state official succeeded the senatorial ad-
viser. He brought with him a slip of paper,
sank into the chair at the left of the Governor
and began in a low tone to read from it.

"But what I want to know," said the Gov-
ernor, looking squarely at the official with just
the suggestion of a wrinkling of the brows, "is
the exact condition of your department."

The fringe of men in the chairs looked up to
witness the discomfiture of the official. He was
manifestly disturbed.

Governor Wants the Facts.

"But I can explain that," he said, weakly.
"I don't care for any explanation," said the

THE PANDEX

361

EFFECT OF REGISTERING THE LOBBYISTS. No. 2.
As It May Be.

-Indianapolis News.

Governor. "The facts will explain. Please let
me have the facts within a day or two."

The state offleial did not even bow to the men
awaiting their turn.

Next came a delegation of plumbers called to
invite the Governor to go to a dinner at the Ten
Eyek. The five men came in for a hearty grip
of the hand and went away delighted when the
Governor said: "Sure, I'll come. I may not
bt able to stay very long. I'll come."

Three legislators shambled awkwardly around
the caller's chair. The Governor arose.

"Governor," said one of them, "you recom-
mended in your message legislation designed
to correct the evils of the rapid transit problem
in New York. We thought we would ask you
how you would like the bill drawn."

"In the usual form," replied the Governor,
just the suggestion of a smile breaking the cor-
ners of his mouth. "I will have to leave that
to you gentlemen. You know I am not a mem-
ber of the Legislature, nor am I versed in its
procedure. ' '

"But we thought you might have some idea as
to the scope of the bill."

"No, I have expressed myself as fully as I
thought it necessary. It is for the Legislature
to act as it thinks best. I am sure there are a
number of men who can frame a suitable bill
better than I could — if the Legislature, of
course, believes my views are of value."

Three Nonplussed Lawmakers.

When the trio of legislators reached the cor-
ridor outside one of them puckered up his lips
and whistled.

"Gee," he said expressively, "wouldn't that
jar you. What are we going to do if he keeps
up that gait?"-

"Play ball this way, I guess," replied one of
his colleagues.

The last caller of the day came as the heaping
pile of logs in the big fireplace began to illumi-
nate the portraits of the old governors with
sparks of amethyst and gold. He was a personal
friend of the Governor.

He sank familiarly into the callers ' chair. The
room was deserted save for the two secretaries
busy over tiers of papers on their desks. The
personal friend spoke in a low tone.

"I can't do that Mr. ," said the Gov-
ernor, the brows wrinkling again. The expres-
sive mouth came together with a determined
snap.

The face of the visitor was a study. A deep,
rich, red color surged up in his smooth, freshly
shaven cheeks. He fumbled nervously with his
stick and derby hat, arose awkwardly and said,
"I — er — I beg your pardon, Governor Hughes.
I did not intend to intrude. I just thought — "

' ' Oh, never mind, Joe. There 's no necessity to
get angry. As Governor I can't do it. But we'll
forget that. You are coming over to dine with
us. There's no one except Mrs. Hughes, and

362

THE PANDEX

she will want to see you. We will have a
good visit ! ' ' Before his friend could decline the
Governor turned to his military aid.

"Anything on your list for me to-morrow,
Treadwell?"

' ' Nothing, Governor, ' ' replied the military sec-
retary, consulting the engagement book.

A colored man brought the Governor's over-
coat, derby hat, and overshoes and assisted him
into them.

' ' Come, Joe, ' ' said the Go" ernor, turning to
his friend, whose eyes were trained on his ex-
tended right foot. "Good night, Mr. Fuller."

"Good night, Governor," replied the tawny-
bearded man at the desk to the right as the Gov-
ernor and his friend left the room.

The Man of Mystery, having completed his
mysterious day's work, was going home.

tention of the chair is called to the presence
of any person not entitled to the floor all busi-
ness will be stopped until thfc intruder has re-
tired. The rule means also that women or friends
or relatives are not to be brought on the floor."

ILLINOIS EXCLUDES LOBBYISTS.

Speaker of the Lower House Refuses to Allow
Them on the Floor.

Something of the way men and measures
operate in the typical state of Illinois is to
be gathered from the following from the
Chicago Record-Herald:

Springfield, 111. — Lobbying at Springfield got a
rude jolt when Speaker Shurtleff announced to
the lowtr house that during the entire session
he would enforce rigidly the rule keeping the
buttonhole brigade from the floor of the cham-
ber. The edict banishing the gentlemen with the
glad hand and persuasive smile was received
with shouts of approval by the legislators, among
whom sentiment against the lobbyists is so strong
this year that they did not even frown when the
Speaker said that the rule would apply to the
wives and families of members, as well as to
outsiders.

The agitation against lobbying this year is an
echo of the protest that was made during the
closing hours of the session two years ago, when
a delegation of Chicago business men swooped
upon the floor to promote the interests of a
Board of Trade bill and half an hour was con-
sumed by the House policemen in chasing them
back of the railing again. The rule this year
will be enforced just as far as its provisions
can be stretched.

Among the lobbyists who have arrived here
the attitude of the Speaker has excited much con-
fusion.

Mr. Shurtleff 's vikase came immediately after
the roll call.

"No person has a right to the use of the
floor," he said, "except the members, ex-mem-
bers, congressmen, state officers, and certain
other persons named under the rule.

"The doortender will be instructed to place
at the gates one of the assistant doorkeepers to
see that no persons come upon the floor except
those who have the right and whenever the at-

ADDS TO COMMISSION'S POWER

Missouri Strengthens Its Control over the Rail-
roads Operating in the State.

Another illustration of the determination
of the men of the state legislatures to work
for what they believe to be the common
good is afforded in the following from the
Indianapolis News:

Jefferson City, Mo. — Prominent among bills
before the General Assembly is one introduced
recently which reinforces the Railroad Commis-
sion Act by conferring upon the commissioners
additional powers, which are broad and specific,
over the carriers of the State, and by making en-
forceable the rule and orders of the Commission.

Enlargement of the powers of the Commission
is provided for in numerous sections, one of
which gives the commissioners jurisdiction over
interurban and sleeping-car companies, as well
as over steam roads. Additional enlargement of
the Commission's power is provided for in sec-
tions that authorize the Commission to investi-
gate wrecks and the physical condition of the
roads; to institute rate investigations on its own
motion ; to grant hearings for complaints ; to
order roads to adopt inter)' eking devices at
crossings; to determine whether or not and in
what manner one road shall cross another at
grade; to regulate the bringing in of witnesses
and documents at its hearings; to make rules
relative to car service; to order railroads to fur-
nish cars, and to compel them to interchange
traffic, and to construct switches at junction
points and for shippers; to do many other things
that railroads are wont to do only upon their
own initiative.

MAKES IT A CRIME TO STRIKE

Canada's Proposed Labor Law Makes Arbitra-
tion Compulsory.

Occasionally some such instance as the
following arises to afford a new line of
thought for American lawmakers. It is
from the New York Sun :

Ottawa, Ont. — Minister of Labor Lemieux's
bill for the prevention and settlement of strikes
and lockouts is perhaps the most important bill
from a labor standpoint that ever came before
the House.

Under it boards of conciliation and investiga-
tion may be constituted, one member being se-

THE PANDEX

363

A PERILOUS JOURNEY.

—New York World.
Apropos of the Recent Unsuccessful Attempt of a Member of One of the Big Insurance Companies
to Secure Senatorial Re-election in New Jersey.

364

THE PANDEX

lected by each party to a dispute and the third
by the two so appointed, or by the Minister of
Labor. Full powers regarding the summoning
of witnesses are conferred on these boards.
Until disputes have been referred to the board
and fully investigated it is made an offense either
to lock out or to strike.

After the board has made its recommendations
the parties are free to accept or reject its find-
ings.

A special provision makes it an offense for any
person to incite others to declare or continue a
strike or lockout prior to or pending a reference
of a dispute to a board of conciliation and inves-
tigation.

It is made an offense for employers to declare
a lockout simply because any of their employees
are members of a labor organization. Similarly
it is made an offense for employees to strike sim-
ply because an employer employs non-union men.

As the bill has the support of the labor repre-
sentatives and practically all the Liberals, it is
almost sure of passing, though it may be slightly
amended. A vital point about it is that the
boards of conciliation will have power to summon
witnesses, take evidence under oath, compel the
production of documents and to commit for con-
tempt.

CITY BUYS WOMAN A HAT

Prevents a Suit for Damages Due to the City '8
Carelessness.

Indianapolis. — Indianapolis has a district-
attorney who, when possible, forestalls damage
suits against the. city and occasionally makes spot

settlements that save both time and money to
the city. Here is a case in point :

A contractor who was at work on a street im-
provement left some bricks in the street. A
Mrs. Smith, with her husband, was on her way
to the theater, and she stumbled over those bricks
and fell heavily.

Her husband helped her to her feet and half
carried her back home. The next day a report
of the accident reached the office of the City
Attorney. No claim had been filed for damages,
but the lawyers who look after the city's legal
business believed that there would be one, so As-
sistant District Attorney Pierce decided to see
Mrs. Smith.

He called at the flat where the woman and her
husband and her mother live. The young woman
came to the door. He was ushered in, and, after
being informed that the woman before him was
Mrs. Smith, began to talk.

• Mrs. Smith did not want to go to court. She
did not want to sue the city and have all the
papers say that she stumbled and rolled over and
over in the street. She did not want to face a
judge and jury and have a dozen lawyers firing
questions at her.

"The city will buy you a nice new hat of
your own selection and we will call the thing
square," said Pierce.

"But I had better see my husband," said the
young woman.

"He is not going to wear the hat," said Pierce.

"No, that's so," she said, and she smiled.
"Well, we'll do that," she said.

She signed a release. Her husband came! a
moment later. He signed, too.

That afternoon the young woman boughit ' her
hat and paid for it with a $10 bill Pierce l^ad
given her. — New York World. i

KEEPING ON

If you can't keep step to the drum beat.

If you can't keep time to the horn,
If you can't dance round to the music.

Well, why in the world were you born?
This isn't a world to lag in.

The train don't want to wait-
It's a glad good-bye, and away we fly.

And a kiss good-bye at the gate.

— Baltimore Sun.

THE PANDEX

^.y^"^^^

365

HIS MONEY WAS USELESS.

WEALTHY SENATOR CLARK WAS UNABLE TO GAIN THE RESPECT
AND ESTEEM OF HIS FELLOWS IN THE UPPER HOUSE AND
• HE RETIRED IN ALLEGED GREAT DISAPPOINTMENT

IN the entire history of American men of
prominence, it would probably be harder
to find a bit of biography more exemplary
of the times and yet more full of the pathos
of personal disappointment and chagrin
than is told in the following from the Kan-
sas City Star:

It cost William A. Clark more than five million
dollars and several years of wire-pulling to be-
come United States senator from Montana. He
has been senator since 1901, but the Senate
scarcely knew it. He built his astonishing New
York home, bought works of art and had his
whiskers pomaded, but he couldn't break into
statesmanship. He is a joke in the Senate and
he has found it out. He announced last summer
that he did not want to be re-elected. It would
not havf made any difference, though, for Mon-
tana went Republican and Joseph Dixon has been
elected to take Clark's place.

But Senator Clark will hardly miss his $5000
a year as senator. His income is about $36,000
a day now and it is increasingly rapidly.

Along in the '70s W. A. Clark met Marcus
Daly and they became intertsted together in min-
ing and banking. The joint capital of these two
men aided in the location and improvement of
new mine sites and hence of new towns. They
had to do with the construction of the railroads.
They built smelters and employed hundreds of
men. They loaned money. They acquired land
as well as mineral properties. They established
and conducted banks, built office structures, oper-
ated street railways, and of necessity went into
politics. By the time the quarrel arose between
them there was scarcely a phase of the State's
activities in which they were not concerned.

When Daly and Clark Split.

Nobody knows exactly when or why the break
came. There are various stories. The first out-
ward evidence of it was in 1888. Clark was
nominated by the Democrats for Congress. Daly
promised him his warmest support. When the
vote was counted Clark was defeated, and the
votes that did the trick were those of Anaconda,

the district which Daly held in the palm of his
hand.

From that time everything that Clark sought
to do politically was antagonized by Daly. They
fought over the location of the capital and Clark
and Helena beat Daly and Anaconda. After this
there was a truce until 1898J when Clark stood
for the United States Senate. Daly put himself
against Clark's election. The use of money on
both sides was never more unscrupulous, the con-
sequences eventually attracting the scandalized
eye of the whole United States.

Party principles and local necessities were
smothered by the purchase funds of these per-
sonal accounts, and votes went to the highest bid-
der. It has been said that the total amount
actually paid for votes was $471,000, and Clark
bought many more than Daly.

Showed a Clark Bribe.

Suddenly a young member of the Legislature
came with a sensational expose and turned over
to the State Treasurer $30,000 which, he said,
had been offered to him for his vote by the Clark
people. There was an investigation by the
grand jury, but as this body was called largely
from Helena, it exonerated Clark.

Clark's vote increased, and January 25, 1899,
he was elected. This was really only the begin-
ning of the battle. The anti-Clark side took the
case into court and there the revelations wei-e
such that a memorial was sent to Congress pro-
testing against the seating of Clark.

The case was referred to the Committee on
Elections, of which Senator Chandler of New
Hampshire was chairman. April 24, 1900, the
committee reported against Clark, but May 15,
before the report was scheduled for vote, Clark
resigned. The same day he was appointed to the
Senate by the acting governor in the absence
of Governor Smith from the State.

Four days later Governor Smith revoked this
appointment, and named Martin Maginnis. In
the following December the Clark-Maginnis cre-
dentials were referred to committees by the Sen-
ate and pigeonholed. And January 16, 1901,
Clark was again victorious, the Montana Legis-
lature again sending him to the much-vexed seat.

This election was followed by an extraordinary
celebration in Helena. The town was thrown

366

THE PANDEX

wide open, and special trains brought Clark's
friends from Buttfe and other places. Then his
agents bought every bottle of champagne in town,
and it was dispensed free by from three to five
bartenders in every barroom.

The Helena Celebration.

Cigars and lunch were also provided and word
was passed that no one could spend anything
that night— it was all on Clark. His wine bill
was almost $30,000, a sum equal to his senatorial
salary for his entire term, or about $3 for every
man, woman, and child in the town. And he is
said to have remarked that it was worth thrice
that amount. It was said by some persons that
Clark's victory has cost him an aggregate of
five million dollars.

But Washington and Helena are different.
They whooped and drank his champagne in
Helena. In Washington he apparently is friend-
less. He is as solitary as Pike's Peak. He is
as lonesome as Robinson Crusoe. To be sure,
he is surrounded by a lot of secretaries, but they
are secretaries and get no further. Beyond that,
there is nothing. Everybody says "Howdv-do?"
to him, but nobody says, "Clark, old man, I'm
glad to see you."

An Outcast in Washington.

He tries to be congenial. Occasionally he gives
a dinner and invites as many as will come. They
go and look him over and eat his food and drink
his wine and come away. Nobody pays the sligTit-
est attention to him in the Senate. He works
hard, too, attending committee meetings and
keeping up his correspondence. Once in a ses-
sion he makes a speech, usually on some mining
or land topic. He reads from manuscript, with
amazing crescendo and diminuendo effects, and his
own papers in Butte and Salt Lake tell of the
great forensic effort of the distinguished states-
man and not another paper in the wide, wide
world carries a line of it.

Clark wanted to be a good senator. He had
ambitions to serve his country and he tried
faithfully. He could not do it. In the first place
he was not cut out for senatorial success, and
in the second he came in with the handicap of
mere money. The Senate has respect for money
— too much, some people say — but it requires the
right kind of a man to be hitched to the money.
Clark is great in his way, but he is not a senator,
and he knows it now.

The Basso's Career

Alphonse Case, whose voice was ba.ss,

Could sing extremely low;
The common scale would always fail

His bottom notes to show ;
Whene'er he sang the echoes rang

Against each distant steep.
His voice would drown some fathoms dowi;
J^ith "Cra-
del-1-1

aw-haw-

the-

hawve
he-
he-
he-
he-

deep. ' '

Each day he strove and lower dove

(Or dived, just as you choose)
Until his roar away down wore

The soles off both his shoes.
And folk would cheer when he'd appear

From now his voice would blur
And rumble on till it was gone

To Gr-r-r-r-

Gr-r-r-r-

Gr-

Gr-r-r-r

Gr-
r-
r-
r-

His soleless shoes caused him to lose

His health— he caught a cold;
But that, of course, made his voice hoaree

And helped him lots, we're told.
He raised his voice in half a trice

For lowering his roar.
And now his tones disturb the bones

On earth's

pn-

me-ee-ee-

ee-
ee-
ee-

val

floor. — St. Louis Globe-Democrat.

THE PANDEX

367

REGULATING THE RAILROADS

DOCTOR — "I know what's the matter with him all right, bnt I don't know what

to give him for it.

— Duluth News-Tribune.

A STORY IN CARTOONS

368

THE PANDEX

WHY NOT SOMETHING LIKE THIS TO AVERT RAILROAD ACCIDENTS?

— Dulutli News-Tribune.

V5i Y

THE PANDEX

369

PROBABLY ONLY A COINTDIDENCE.

When the Interstate Commerce Oommission was seeking testimony in New York.

mi ■:-^! S^

When the Commission came to Chicago.

When the Commission returns to New York.

— Chicago Tribune.

370

THE PANDEX

ilMliiimtiimiimiiiimiiHiiHiiiiiiniiuiiiiiiniiiL

Mb.. HARRIMAN (at one of Ms directors' meetings) — "Gentlemen, I propose that we appro-
priate $100,000,000 from our treasury for the purchase of a few railroads. Hearing no objections,
I consider the proposition approved."

— Chicago Tribune.

THE PANDEX

371

RESTRICTING EMIGRATION.

Apropos of the Recent Ne Exeat Orders Secured by the Federal Government Against the
Departure of Certain Prominent Men Wanted as Witnesses Before the Interstate Commerce
Commission.

372

THE PANDEX

Stuyvesant Fish Revenged?

SHONTS* ELEVATION BY RYAN TO THE HEAD OF THE NEW YORK
TRACTION SYSTEM SAID TO BE A RETALIATION AGAINST
HARRIMAN'S ACTION IN THE ILLINOIS CENTRAL MATTER.

Occasionally since the new tendency in
public affairs began there have occurred in-
stances wherein some bold measure of retri-
bution has been visited upon those who have
violated the laws of public safety and the
common good. The following from the Chi-
cago Tribune gives what may prove to be
a very notable example. If the statements
^re true, the facts have especial significance,
because they involve the personalities with
whom and against whom President Roosevelt
and his following are having their severest
struggle.

New York. — The election of Theodore P.
Shonts as president of the Interborough Metro-
politan Company places him in control of all
the subway, surface, and elevated street railway
lines in New York.

Behind this news hides the climax in the feud
between Thomas F. Ryan and E. H. Harriman.
It involves the downfall "of August Belmont as
head of the traction interests and incidentally
revenges Stuyvesant Fish for the unceremonious
way in which Harriman bundled him out of the
Illinois Central.

All this Ryan brought about by an alliance
with John B. McDonald, who, with Belmont, built
the subways. McDonald and Belmont quarreled
and McDonald went over to Ryan.

As a result Theodore Shonts has been elected
president of the merged subway, surface, and ele-
vated companies, and McDonald vice-president.
August Belmont has to be content with holding
only the chairmanship of the Board of Directors.

Echo of Insurance Scandal.

It will be recalled that in the Armstrong in-
surance inquiry when Harriman was asked if
he had taken any steps to get even with Ryan
for securing control of the Equitable Life, Mr.
Harriman answered, "Not yet."

That denoted the bitter feeling betwetn the
two big financiers. When Harriman began his

campaign to oust Stuyvesant Fish from the Il-
linois Central he needed a majority of the Board
of Directors. Two of the directors whom he got
to ally themselves were Walter Lutgen, a mem-,
ber of the firm of August Belmont & Co., and;.,
Cornelius Vanderbilt, a director of the Inter--
borough Company and close to Belmont. It is
currently believed in Wall Street that it was
through August Belmont that these two men were
induced to side with Harriman against Fish.

And now that Belmont has ceased to lead in
Interborough Metropolitan affairs Wall Street is
asking if Mr. Ryan is not "punishing" Mr. Bel-
mont for his services to Harriman.

Not Needed in Panama.

Mr. Shonts feels that his work as chairman
of the Isthmian Canal Commission is ended.
Just before departing for Kansas City he said :

"My duty at Panama ended when the work
was so organized that nothing remained to be
done except the execution of the contract with
responsible contractors to build the canal. I
accepted the duty of clearing up the numerous
complications in which, when I took charge, the
work was involved, organized its executive, engi-
neering, and operating departments, and super-
intended the plans for construction. I never
contemplated the supervision of the construction.
My work went only from chaos to contract."

Mr. Belmont's friends insist his retirement as
president of the Interborough Company is en-
tirely voluntary, and that it is prompted solely
by a desire to secure the strongest possible oper-
ating staff for the traction system, which he still
remains as heavily interested in financially as
ever before. In pursuance of the same desire,
Mr. Belmont's friends say he has reconciled
whatever differences he has had with John B.
McDonald and with the co-operation of his asso-
ciates in the financial control of the merged com-
panies has chosen his former associate to the
position of vice-president in charge of the new
construction.

Glad to Gret Shonts.

A prominent Interborough official said that all
the directors of the company were greatly grati-
fied over securing a man of Mr. Shonts' wide
and successful experience. It was considered of

THE PANDEX

373

great importance, some said, to have a man of
such comprehensive knowledge and keen percep-
tion devote himself to the solution of present and
future traction problems.

Mr. McDonald's connection with the company
in an important official capacity also is gratify-
ing to the directors. Mr. McDonald made a
successful bid of $35,000,000 for the construction
of the first subway and then associated himself
with Mr. Belmont, the latter financing the under-
taking, and Mr. McDonald supervising the work
of construction. A year and a half ago they
separated, McDonald associating himself with the
Metropolitan system which proposed competing
with the Interborough for the new subways. On
the merger of the two systems a year ago Mr.
McDonald was made a director of the merged
company, but he has held no other official posi-
tion with it.

His re-association in close co-operation' with
Mr. Belmont, it was said, was brought about by
the business interests of both men.

Big Deal in Traction.

"With Mr. Shonts bringing new ideas to bear
on the situation," an Interborough-Metropolitan
official said, "with Mr. Belmont and Mr. Ryan
to shape its fiscal policy, with William Barclay
Parsons as chief consulting engineer, Mr. Me- ■
Donald in charge of new construction work, Mr.
Bryan to operate the subway and elevated lines,
and Mr. Vreeland in charge of the surface lines,
the company has an organization that is un-
doubtedly more efficient than that of any other
traction company in the world. It should be
entirely adequate to solve the difficult problems
presented by the traction situation in this city."

The company will bid on the two new subway
routes adopted by the Rapid Transit Commission
and undoubtedly whatever other routes are de-
cided upon. Construction of the two routes de-
cided upon will entail an expense estimated
from $37,000,000 to $42,000,000, the cost of the
interbridge subway loop being estimated at $12,-
000,000, and that of the Lexington Avenue line
from $25,000,000 to $30,000,000. Whether or not

the company will compete for the Brooklyn sub-
way, it is said, is a matter for future considera-
tion and will depend largely upon Mr. Shonts 's
view of the situation. At any rate the company
certainly will bid for the construction of all the
subways in Manhattan and the Bronx.

It is considered likely also that Mr. Shonts will
be associated with Mr. Belmont in the construc-
tion of the Cape Cod canal, although it is not
definitely known that the matter has been dis-
cussed between them up to the present time. Mr.
Shonts' experience is thus, however, considered
likely, in view of his close association with Bel-
mont, who is to finance the canal, and Mr. Par-
sons, who is the engineer in charge, to bring
about co-operation among them in the Massa-
chusetts enterprise.

Hard Problem for Shonts.

The friends of Mr. Shonts previously quoted
had this to say regarding the new president's
ideas on the local transportation situation:

"Mr. Shonts said that the problem of comfort-
ably and speedily moving the millions of people
a day in practically two flights, one up and the
other down town, was, from a railroad man's
point of view, most interesting. He pointed out
that in no other city as large as New York did
like conditions prevail.

"Here are three of the city's great passenger
transportation machines, the elevated, the sub-
way, and the great web of surface lines that
have been combined under one control, and plans
for thoroughly adapting them to the use of the
public are yet to be developed.

"No work could be more fascinating to a rail-
road man than this, and no public service could
be greater than perfecting it.

"The problems involved in the development of
a great transportation system like this so as to
accommodate the daily increasing and ever alter-
ing tides of travel and secure the future of this
great estate, which includes some of the most
valuable perpetual franchises now in existence,
all seemed attractive to Mr. Shonts, to whom the
difficulties are so stimulating."

374

THE PANDEX

THE SCOTCHING OF MRS. FISH

NEWSPAPER TALE DECLARES THAT THE OVERTHROW OF THE

PRESIDENT OF THE ILLINOIS CENTRAL WAS IN REVENGE FOR

SNUBBING HARRIMAN'S DAUGHTERS

A PIECE of personalism less pathetic
■* *■ but equally absorbing and, after an-
other fashion, equally illustrative of current
social conditions, has been published in the
Eastern press, bearing upon the recent de-
posing of Stuyvesant Fish from the control
of the Illinois Central. In many respects
the story, which is reprinted herewith from
the Chicago Tribune, bears many marks of
plausibility ; but in reading it, the fact must
not be forgotten that it is to the interest
of certain influential financial personages to
make it appear that Mr. Fish was not de-
posed because he was honest or because he
opposed the frauds and irregularities in the
conduct of the Equitable Life Assurance
Society. Also, these same influences, as was
shown in a recent inquiry by the Interstate
Commerce Commission, have means of secur-
ing the publication in the press of informa-
tion serviceable to their own cause.

"Thf truth is that it was the gloved hand of
a Newport society leader that, metaphorically,
took Mr. Jimmy Hyde by the ear and, later on,
shook President Fish out of his influential posi-
tion."

John the Baptist's head was cut off by com-
mand of King Herod — but it was done to please
Salome, the King's step-daughter. The bloody
Seven Years' War was declared by King Louis
XV of France, but the real cause of that war
was the vindictive resentment of Madame de
Pompadour at being called "Queen Petticoat the
First" by Frederick the Great.

And it was the resentful indignation, pique,
and jealousy of certain conspicuous women of
the fashionable '400' which precipitated the tre-
mendous life-insurance scandals of the past year,
and only a few weeks ago unseated the distin-
guished president of the Illinois Central Rail-
road. These women did not, to be sure, appear

on the witness stand in the recent financial inves-
tigations, nor did they sit in the directors' meet-
ing of the railroad. But the truth is that it was
the gloved hand of a Newport society leader that,
metaphorically, took Mr. Jimmy Hyde by the ear
and, later on, shook President Fish out of his
influential position.

This remarkable society war which has led to
such surprising results began with the famous
fancy dress Louis Quinze ball given by young
. James H. Hyde, a ball which, in one way and
another, has led to more far-reaching conse-
quences than any other social entertainment ever
given in the United States. One of the distin-
guished matrons invited to that ball was Mrs.
Edward H. Harriman, and she, like other repre-
sentative New York society women, was deeply
angered by the precedence accorded to the
French actress, Madame Rejane, by young Mr.
Hyde. So deep was her anger that she incited
her husband to pursue Mr. Hyde until he had
destroyed his control of the Equitable Life Assur-
ance Society, di'iven him from the Union Pacific
Railroad directorate, and ruined his entire finan-
cial position.

But not only in this affair was Mr. Harriman 's
titanic struggle for the control of the railroad
and financial system of this country actually
effected by woman's social aspirations. The pur-
suit of his goal led him later into a fight for the
control of the Illinois Central Railroad, which
would link together his vast transcontinental
lines. To capture this railroad he had to de-
pose Stuyvesant Fish, its president for twenty
years. Two votes were needed to assure him a
secure majority against Fish, and those were the
votes of Colonel John Jacob Astor and Cornelius
Vanderbilt. It happened that their wives were
incensed by the pretensions of Mrs. Stuyvesant
Fish — the giver of monkey luncheons and freak
entertainments— to assume the leadership of New
York society in succession to Mrs. Astor. They
assured the adherence of their husbands to the
Harriman forces.

It is the old, old, and eternally interesting
story of the personal charms, the jealousies and

THE PANDEX

375

rivalries of women directing the actions of simple
man by devious and skilful methods from behind
the scenes. It recalls that greatest of all epics,
the Siege of Troy, the wanderings of Aeneas, and
the creation of the Roman Empire, which all
arose from the aspersion cast upon the beauty of
Juno. Certainly the railroad system of the
United States is not too small a thing to be com-
pared to the whole empire of the ancient world.
If you prefer a less heroic comparison, you may
take the case of the Seven Years' War, which
involved all Europe in bloodshed, because Fred-
erick the Great had rashly described Madame de
Pompadour as 'Queen Petticoat I,' as already
mentioned.

Little did young Mr. Hyde dream of the mo-
mentous sequence of events that he was precipi-
tating when he planned his celebrated fancy
dress ball. He was then regarded with admira-
tion as a youth who wore the most elaborate
whiskers and the most gorgeous socks and waist-
coats in New York, and at the same time con-
ducted an insurance company with great profit
to himself. He innocently regarded the giving of
fancy dress balls and Arabian Nights' entertain-
ments at the expense of the Equitable Society
as of very great benefit to that institution.

The entertainment opened with a charming
eighteenth-century dance, executed by young so-
ciety girls dressed "a la Cafciargo," with their
partners costumed as Pierrots. This was fol-
lowed by a ballet performed by Herr Conried's
corps from the Metropolitan Opera House. After
this came a comedy, entitled "Entre Deux
Portes," acted by Madame Rejane and her com-
pany. The author had very cleverly, as he
thought, written the play around Mr. Hyde's
party, and the characters in the piece were all
supposed to be returning from the very fete
where the piece was acted. Needless to say, he
missed the deepest significance of it all.

After the comedy the trumpets sounded, and
on the floor Beneath a supper was served for the
six hundred guests. The supper room had been
transformed into a representation of a beautiful
Versailles garden, with rustic chairs, arbors,
rose-colored lights, trellises, vines, and turf. The
servants were in costumes of the period — white
wigs, red-and-blue uniforms, and white silk
stockings.

Now occurred the fatal deed. Young Mr. Hyde,
with a magnificent air, wearing knee breeches
and his most exquisite stockings, led Madame Re-
jane, the actress, to the place of honor, on his
right hand, at the head of the supper table.
Among the dignified matrons who were forced to
give place to the actress was Mrs. Edward H.
Harriman. Her breast was torn with mortifica-
tion, indignation, and resentment, which she was
totally unable to express at the time, but which,
for that reason, she vented with all the more
vigor when she had an opportunity to do so.
The other women guests included Astors, Van-
derbilts, Burdens, Livingstons, Whitehouses, Ise-
lins, Riveses, and others bearing the most fa-
mous names in Knickerbocker society. Of the
gravest importance was the presence there of

Madame Waddington, the American wife of a
former French ambassador to England, and of
Mrs. Whitelaw Reid, the wife of a former Amer-
ican ambassador to France. In the light of their
official experience and dignity they appreciated
to the full the bitter humiliation of having to
give place to a play actress.

It is said that the bitter strictures of Madame
Waddington upon the affair first claimed the at-
tention of officials of the Equitable who were not
present at this and other extravagances of young
Mr. Hyde and led to the action of President
Alexander, who exposed the mismanagement of
the company by its 'youthful chief stockholder.
But other prominent women were not less severe
in their comments upon the gorgeous and unhap-
pily planned ball, and among them perhaps the
most vigorous was Mrs. Edward H. Harriman.

Mr. Harriman had already cast an eagle eye
upon Mr. Hydes' mismanagement of the Equit-
able Society, and had thought there might be a
profitable opportunity for his intervention in that
concern, but he was fully occupied with his im-
mense transcontinental railroad system. Mrs.
Harriman, however, learning of the situation,
urged upon him the necessity of punishing a
young man of Mr. Hyde's bad taste, and never
allowed him a moment's rest until he had used
all his power and intelligence to crush that up-
start.

It was the information furnished by Mr. Har-
riman to the Frick committee that largely con-
tributed to the exposure of Mr. Hyde's incom-
petency and gross mismanagement of the com-
pany. Mr. Hyde, himself, when before the com-
mittee of investigation, told how ruinous was
Harriman 's enmity to him:

Q. Did you have any interview with Mr. Har-
riman after the appointment of the Frick Com-
mittee in regard to the work of that Committee
and its report?

A. Mr. Harriman led me to believe through a
mutual friend that the report of that Committee
would be very friendly to me, and did everything
he could to dissuade me from selling my stock,
at the same time doing everything on that Com-
mittee to knife me and destroy the value of the
stock.

Q. Those are very serious statements.

A. Yes, sir; and I have had a good many
sleepless nights to reflect on them, and long, sad
days.

Q. You have said that he did what he could
to injure you?

A. Yes; I think so.

Q. Is that based upon any fact that ever
came to your knowledge directly, or upon state-
ments made by others?

A. Both.

To sum up, Mr. Harriman succeeded in having
Mr. Hyde deposed from the vice-presidency and
the control of the company and in ruining his
career as an active business man. From being one
of the best known young men in social and busi-
ness life in New York he has become a nobody.

376

THE PANDEX

Later in the year Harriman gave the carcass
of Hyde a parting kick. At thfc annual meeting
of the Union Pacific Railroad Hyde was dropped
from the Board of Directors by the instructions
of Harriman, without a word of comment.

Now the war of allied social and business in-
terests enters upon another pha§e. By the sum-
mer of 1906 Mr. Harriman was the greatest
transcontinental railroad owner in the country.
He controlled the Union Pacific and the Southern
Pacific, and the latter road he connected with the
Atlantic Coast by means of the Baltimore and
Ohio, one of his most recent acquisitions. He
then saw that thfc most desirable addition to his
railroad system was the Illinois Central, which,
running from Chicago to New Orleans, would
bind together his other roads through the middle
states. The Illinois Central derives great addi-
tional importance from the prospective comple-
tion of the Panama Canal, for it will be the great
means of carrying freight between the middle
states and the Canal by way of New Orleans.

In order to gain control of the Illinois Central
Mr. Harriman had to oust from office its presi-
dent, Stuyvesant Fish, who has held the position
for twenty years. He is said to possess many
admirable moral qualities, but he does not have
the same power of extracting profit from a rail-
road as Mr. Harriman, and he is not for a mo-
ment capable of holding his own with him in a
fight. Mr. Harriman and Mr. Fish had already
clashed. Mr. Fish had objected to the methods
of the committee appointed from within to
'whitewash' the Mutual Life Insurance Com-
pany, and Mr. Harriman believes in 'whitewash-
ing.' Mr. Fish was, therefore, thrown off the
committee.

Mr. Harriman, after a long and intricate cam-
paign, into which it would be tiresome to enter
here, found six directors willing to depose Mr.
Fish from the presidency of the road and give
the control to him. Some supported him because
they were closely allied with him in business and
others simply because they believed the connec-

tion with the Harriman system would be benefi-
cial to the road. Upon the Fish side five directors
were definitely ranged. There remained two un-
decided directors — Colonel John Jacob Astor and
Cornelius Vanderbilt. If they should go over to
the Fish side victory would perch there.

Now, as everybody knows, Mrs. Stuyvesant
Fish considers herself the rightful successor of
the agtd Mrs. William Astor as leader of New
York society. In fact, she feels that she holds
the scepter already. Mrs. Fish represents the
lively set in society, the people who like, to see
something doing all the time and don't trouble
about dignity. She has been associated with Mr.
Harry Lehr in devising monkey luncheons, dog
parties, and things like that, and has even been
credited with an intention to give a bathing-suit
luncheon. Mrs. John Jacob Astor, the daughter- •
in-law of Mrs. William Astor and the most beau-
tiful young woman in New York society, is
shocked at the idea that Mrs. Fish should aspire
to be leader. She knows that the position be-
longs to her if she cares to claim it. Mrs. Corne-
lius Vanderbilt, a very clever and attractive
young matron, who has won distinct fame by en-
tertaining an emperor's brother, is equally op-
posed to Mrs. Fish.

Seeing this state of affairs, the ingenious Mr.
Harriman tactfully suggested to Mrs. John Jacob
Astor and Mrs. C9rnelius Vanderbilt that any-
thing which diminished the wealth and prestige
of the Fish family would be a nail in the coflin
of the over-weening social ambition of Mrs. Stuy-
vesant Fish. At the following meeting of the
Board of Directors, John Jacob Astor and Cor-
nelius Vanderbilt voted with the Harriman si.ie,
and Stuyvesant Fish was summarily deposed
from the office of president of the Illinois Cen-
tral Railroad.

Thus the gentle hand of woman which rocks
the cradle and rules the world helped to place
Mr. Harriman in control of $1,700,000,000 of se-
curities and 23,000 miles of railroad.

As It Striketh Solomon.

A sneaking fellow is despised of all men; but
the square deal delighteth a wise ruler.

Much labor is the price of success; but the
eight-dollar clerk leaveth the dust on many boxes.

A comely stenographer is a delight to the eye;
but gaudy raiment and a dirty neck are abomi-
nations.

A wise secretary knoweth discretion. Yea, and
a silent tongue is his also.

A dreamer believeth in dreams and spendeth
liberally; but whoso saveth the half of his earn-
ings, happy is he.

There is a bank that seemeth safe unto a man ;
but the directors thereof are members of the
Stock Exchange.

— Business Monthly Magazine.

THE PANDEX

377

HEAP BIG SMOKE
-Adapted horn Philadelphia N<»th American

TRANSOCEANIC SCOPE OF DIS-
ASTER AND RELIEF AND THE
POSSIBLE RELATIONSHIP BE-
TWEEN THESE INCIDENTS AND THE NEW
DIPLOMACY.
\

Kingston, China, and Afghanistan

ONE of the distinguishing fealrures of
the Roosevelt administration is said to
be its indifference to precedent. Wherever
the President believes that a useful end can
be accomplished without regard to form or
custom, he appears to proceed directly to
his goal along the shortest possible course.
This he did when he sanctioned, or inspired,
the journey of Secretary Root to South
America, just as he had done already in
so conspicuous a manner when he interfered
in behalf of peace between Russia and Ja-
pan ; and now observers are pointing to an-
other instance of the same line of action in
the visit of Secretary Root to Canada.

The Secretary's visit came with peculiar
timeliness at a moment when the unhappy
tragedy at Kingston temporarily shocked
the friendly feelings between the United
States and England and when the relations
between the United States and Japan were,
for a short time, at so critical a stage as to
suggest the possible test of the relative
friendship between Britain and the United
States and Britain and Japan.

MINISTER BRYCE'S OPPORTUNITY

O'Connor Says It Means Settlement of the Irish
Question.

Fortunately for the higher cause of inter-
national cordiality and peace, Great Britain

has seen fit to send to the United States as
her ambassador a man who appears to care
as little for precedent and form as does the
administration of President Roosevelt. Said
a dispatch to the New York World concern-
ing Ambassador Bryce:

London. — T. P. O'Connor sees in the appoint-
ment of Mr. Bryce to Washington the psycholog-
ical moment for the Irish cause.

"Before Mr. Bryce has been three months in
the great position in Washington, for which he
is so admirably fitted," prophesies Mr. O'Connor,
he will realize even more than he does now that
every English Minister is responsible for two
things — first, that the Irish policy must begin by
a computation of the enormous strength which the
millions of free and prosperous Irish in America
and their almost fanatical devotion to the father-
land lends to the movement at home; second,
that the achievement which the present moment
offers to British statesmanship in imperishable
work for England, the British Empire and the
United States, as well as Ireland, is in the
settlement of the Irish question."

RED TAPE SLOW FOR ROOT

Secretary of States Goes to Canada Ostensibly
Only for 'Pleasure.

Secretary Root's impatience of conven-
tional methods of statecraft is reflected in
the following from the Chicago Record-
Herald :

Washington. — Secretary Root's visit to Can-
ada is purely social. He goes to Ottawa to re-
turn the visit made to Washington last year by

378

THE PANDEX

the Right Honorahle Earl Grey, governor general
of his majesty's dominions, but is likely to meet
the Right Honorable Sir Wilfrid Laurier, prime
j^ minister, and talk a little business in the smoking-
room after dinner. Sir Wilfrid is very anxious
to talk with Mr. Root, and Mr. Root is very anx-
ious to talk with Sir Wilfrid, but the etiquette
of nations will not permit them to say so, or to
do so. There is no objection to their meeting
socially, however, and Mr. Root leaves a hundred
and one very important matters of business on his
desk at the Department of State and goes all the
way to Ottawa just for a lark. "Earl Grey came
to Washington last year in the same way and for
the same reason, and, while his visit was purely
social, it was impossible to keep his conversa-
tions with the President and Secretary Root from
drifting into several very important subjects that
are involved in our relations with Canada. Earl
Grey came down to Washington to bring a pic-
ture of Benjamin Franklin, which he presented
to the government of the United States, and it
is now hanging in the White House at Washing-
ton, but Mr. Root's visit to Ottawa hasn't even
that much of an excuse.

There are a half a dozen matters pending be-
tween Canada and the United States, which both
countries would like to have settled as early as
possible, and if Mr. Root and Sir Wilfrid Laurier
could get together they could close them up with
very little difficulty, but, as Canada is not an
independent nation, everything has to be done
through the Right Honorable Lord Strathcona
and Mount Royal, G. C. M. G., royal high com-
missioner for the Dominion of Canada in Great
Britain; the Right Honorable, the Earl of Elgin,
secretary of state for the colonies; the Right
Honorable Sir Edward Grey, secretary of state
for foreign affairs, and his majesty's ambassa-
dor at Washington. This makes a very long road,
and by the time a communication has reached the
embassy here from Ottawa, the paper on which
it is written is almost worn out by handling.
Then the reply has to go back the same way,
through all that circumlocution, and you will
appreciate that it is a most unsatisfactory way
to do business.

CONSULTATION WITH CANADA.

Secretary Root Repeats the Experiences of His
South American Tour.

Something of the ends which Secretary
Root sought to accomplish by his "informal"
visit is shown in the fallowing from the New
York Times :

Ottawa, Ontario. — Elihu Root's visit to Can-
ada came to an abrupt finish this afternoon. His
I'etum was rendered imperative on account of
the Jamaica complication, but his visit would
have been curtailed in any case by the sudden
illness of Lady Victoria Grenfell, the eldest
daughter of Earl Grey, who is now on a visit to

this country. Mr. Root was entertained at lunch-
eon by the Canadian Club just before his de-
parture.

Mr. Root delivered a speech, in which he dwelt
chiefly upon the good relations existing between
Canada and the United States for the past
ninety years.

He paid his first visit to Canada, he said,
forty years ago, and had kept in touch with its
development ever since. In conclusion, he asked
those present to join with him in a sentiment
"to the Canadian settlers in New England and
the American settlers in the Canadian West.
May they with loyal memory do honor to the
lands of their birth; may they ever with loyal
citizenship do God's service to the countries of
their adoption."

Sir Wilfrid Laurier, on proposing a vote of
thanks to Secretary Root, said that when he
[Sir Wilfrid] wanted a restorative for ill-health
he went to the United States, and when Secre-
tary Root wanted a restorative he visited Can-
ada. So that if the two countries could not
have trade reciprocity they had it in invalids.
[Laughter.] The Premier, in conclusion, highly
complimented Secretary Root.

Mr. Root pointed out that differences would
arise befween the two countries.

"But let us school ourselves and teach our
children," he said, "to believe that whatever
differences arise, different understandings as to
the facts on different sides of the boundary line,
the effect of different environment, different
points of view rather than intentional or con-
scious unfairness, are at the best differences."

In a glowing peroration he called upon the
two nations, pursuing the same ideals of liberty
and justice, to do "their work side by side for
the peace and righteousness of the world in
peace with each other."

THIS ANGERED SWETTENHAM

Kingston Merchant Said to Have Been the Cause
of the Letter to Davis.

While even the feeling of his own Govern-
ment was much aroused by the action of the
governor of Jamaica during the earthquake
days, the following suggests that, perhaps,
the official had some provocation, or sin-
cerely thought he had :

New York. — The Hamburg-American steamship
Prinz August Wilhelm has arrived from King-
ston, Jamaica, having on board fifty-three pas-
sengers from that port and ten of the crew of
the steamer Prinz Waldemar, which went ashore
off Kingston Harbor during the earthquake.
The vessel is a total wreck and can not possibly
be saved.

Kingston newspapers on board gave what pur-
ported to be the real cause of Governor Swetten-
ham's anger, and which led up to the sending

THE PANDEX

379

by him, to Admiral Davis, of the letter that has
caused so much discussion.

According to the newspaper accounts, Eugene
Magnus, the head of the firm of J. E. Crosswell
& Co., had applied to the British commander of
troops at Kingston for help and had been refused,
with the remark that he had better get help

"Don't you know they are American marines
helping you ? ' '

"Yes, thank God," replied Mr. Magnus, "and
I wish there were more of them."

The Governor became very angry, rode away,
and soon after the letter, which caused all the
trouble, was received by Admiral Davis.

BACK TO THE WOODSHED.

— Duluth News-Tribune.

elsewhere. Mr. Magnus, shortly after, met an
American lieutenant in command of a party of
marines and appealed to him for help. This the
lieutenant at once offered, and a number of the
marines were told off to get the firm's safe, con-
taining many valuables and important papers,
from the wrecked store.

While they were engaged in the work Governor
Swettenham passed ou horseback and said to Mr.
Magnus :

GREAT BRITAIN'S APOLOGY

Sir Edward Grey Disavows Governor Swetten-
ham's Act.

Great Britain's prompt apology for Gov-
ernor Swettenham 's conduct was told as fol-
lows by the Associated Press:

Washington. — The text of Great Britain's

380

THE PANDEX

formal apology, sent to the State Department,
of the United States for the unseemly behavior
of Governor Swettenham of Jamaica toward
Admiral Davis, was made public by Mr. Bacon,
the acting Secretary of State. It was written
by Esme Howard, the British Charge d 'Affaires,
by direction of Sir Edward Grey, the English
Secretary of Foreign Affairs. It said:
"British Embassy,

"Washington, January 21.
' ' Sir : I have the honor to inform you, under
instructions received to-day from his Majesty's
principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs,
that his Majesty's Government is causing oflS-
cial inquiries to be made as to the authenticity
of a letter which appeared in the public press
this morning and purporting to be written by
the Governor of Jamaica and addressed to Ad-
miral Davis, commanding the United .States
squadron lately in Jamaican waters.

' ' Sir Edward Grey desires me to say that while
he is so far dependent on the press only for in-
formation with regard to this incident, he deeply
regrets if the published text proves correct, that
a British official should have addressed such a
letter to the gallant admiral who had rendered
valuable assistance to British subjects at a time
of great suffering and distress, and that he is
certain that his feeling of regret is shared by
every one in Great Britain.

"I have the honor to be, with the highest con-
sideration, sir,

"Your most oljedient, humble servant,

"ESME HOWARD."
This letter is regarded by the Administration
as more than amends. If Great Britain had ig-
nored the incident, after Mr. Haldane's telegram
to Secretary Root and the President's reply, the
United States would have been satisfied. Al-
though it is likely that the British Foreign Office
will again refer to the matter when it gets its
own reports on the Swettenham-Davis affair, the
State Department is indifferent about 'it.

"I WISH I COULD FORGET IT"

First New Yorker to Arrive from Earthquake
City TeUs of the Horrors.

Some of the details of the Kingston disas-
ter, showing the extent to which it differed
from or was parallel to that of San Fran-
cisco, were printed in the New York World
as follows :

Max Magnus, the first New Yorker to reach
this city from Kingston since the earthquake, ar-
rived recently on the steamship Baker, of the
United Fruit Company's line.

On the same ship were S. D. Curtis, of Platts-
burg, N. Y. ; G. A. Ingalls, of Rouse's Point, N.
Y., and John D. Avil, of No. 4430 Market
Street, Philadelphia, all of whom came from
Kingston also.

Mr. Magnus came Ashore wearing trousers cal-

culated for tropical wear, a red woolen vest
given him by an officer of the steamship Port
Kingston, a light jacket and a cap which he had
begged on the voyage to New York. He car-
ried a papier-mache suit-case, which he had
bought with $1.97 out of a small loan he man-
aged to negotiate along the way, and he had an
umbrella which had been lent to him between
Kingston and Port Antonio by a passenger who
never came back to claim it. In the suit-case
were a tooth-brush and a suit of pajamas, which,
with a gold watch, completed the list of earthly
possessions with which Mr. Magnus set foot on
Pier 1. He shivered in the keen January blast.

"It was the most fearful sight I have ever
seen!" he exclaimed repeatedly, in describing
his experience to a World reporter at his home
at No. 86 West One Hundred and Nineteenth
Street, after spending most of the morning at a
Broadway clothing store. "I have experienced
the certain expectation of death. I can't tell to
this moment how I got out alive; and no words
could possibly describe the scenes of death and
suffering which I saw in the streets of Kingston.

"Did I get any photographs? Why, I didn't
even get my clothes, didn't save a thing but my
watch. Lost all my money and everything. But
even if I had had money or a camera, I never
should have thought of taking pictures.

"I wish I could forget it now; I wish I could
stop talking about it. A person might thought-
lessly say that he wished he had been in Kingston
with a camera on the day after the earthquake
but he wouldn't. It was a sight to make the
strongest heart sick.

Shaken Out of a Nap.

"I had been invited on Monday afternoon, the
day of the earthquake, to go out to Hope Gar-
dens, about six miles from the city. Mr. Curtis
and Mr. Ingalls went, but I was kept in town
by a headache and went upstairs to take a nap.
I was at the Myrtle Bank Hotel, where a consid-
erable number of Americans were staying.

"The first thing I knew I was awakened by
the ceiling coming down. Why it didn't hit me
I don't know. I jumped out of bed in a hurry
and went out into the hall to see what was the
matter.

"The floors there were rocking like the deck
of a boat. I realized what was doing then and
I became convinced that my time had come. I
thought for sure I was standing face to face
with death. j

"In that minute I saw every act I'd done and
recalled every word I had said in my whole life.

"My clothes consisted only of a pair of light
summer trousers, a thin shirt and a pair of shoes
which I had left on when I lay down, and I
started toward my room to see whether I could
get some more. I also wanted to save some busi-
ness papers if possible. Just as I reached the
door and grabbed by watch off the dresser, which
happened to be near the door, bing! the four
walls fell and buried everything!

"You can see me executing a few swift jumps

THE PANDEX

381

WELL, THERE ARE OTHER ISLANDS—
That Want Relief, and They Wouldn't Snub Their Helpers, Either.

-Chicago News.

382

THE PANDEX

1 down the stairs after that. I was fortunate to
get out, for the hotel was reduced to a pile
of ruins and many of the guests were buried in
the wreck.

"At least six Americans were known to have
been killed there at the time I left for New
York on Tuesday afternoon.

"I rushed out into the street, clad as I was,
and wandered aimlessly about the streets for
thirty minutes without knowing what I was
doing. The scene about the city was enough to
rob any man of his senses. People half buried
in the wreckage were screaming and moaning for
help. Up one street and down another it was
the same — one terrible tale of rnortal agony.

Tortured by Fire.

"Then fire broke out about thirty minutts
after the first shock in a King Street rumshop,
and we heard the cries of people pinned in the
wreckage as the flames drew closer and closer to
them and finally burned them to death. Parties
were at work clearing away in places and try-
ing to extricate the unfortunates. But what
could they do? The work was too big. It was
more than a whole army of rescuers could have
performed successfully just then.

Natives Prayed Instead of Worked.

"I want to mention one thing particularly. I
saw ablebodied men, big black natives of Ja-
maica, kneeling in rows along the curbs praying
instead of working. There were hundreds of
them, thousands probably, doing nothing at all.
It made my blood boil to see them when there
•■^as so much to be done.

"And concerning the condition of Kingston
after the earthquake, it seemed to me that there
was plenty for all hands to do.

"There was a good deal of criticism of Gov-
ernor Swettenham for the way things were man-
aged, and a good deal of talk of graft, even
before we left.

"And I should say, from what I saw, that
help from the American navy, or the German
navy, or any old navy, ought to have been a;ccept-
able, without stopping to consider whether it
was proffered by a foreign nation or not.

"I came to my senses after a while and tried
to find my way up Harbor Street to the store
of Isaac S. Brandon, where my sample cases
were. Mr. Brandon had been a lifelong friend
and I was worried on his account also, because
I knew that he must have been in his store at
the time of the shock. But it was useless. I
was stopped by great piles of debris. In places
Harbor Street was nearly obliterated, and all
along it was lined with the bodies of the dead
and wounded.

"Then I went to Mr. Brandon's house, on
South Camp Street, in the residence district. It
is true that few people were killed in the resi-
dence district, but many of the houses were
shaken down, and I found Mrs. Brandon and her
child in hysterics, sitting in front of what had
once been their home, with their faces in their

hands. They begged me to go and search for
Mr. Brandon again, and I turned toward the
city once more.

Driven to the Water by Fire.

"The fire had spread so that I had to follow
the streets along the water-front, and when I
had reached the center of town I was driven out
on a wharf by the heat. From there a negro
canoed me out to the steamship Port Kingston,
which was lying in the harbor and which had
been made a temporary refuge and hospital. The
decks of the vessel were covered with dozens of
moaning human beings, in the most frightful
state of mutilation. The ship's doctors, assisted
by the crew, were operating on the victims,
mostly without anesthetics.

"Then I was rowed over to the Arno, of the
Royal Steamship Packet Line, where the scene
was the same. I should say that on these two
vessels there must have been one hundred and
twenty-five patients.

"And I want to say that a tribute is due the
officers of the Arno for the work they did. Cap-
tain Young, who was ashore at the time of the
shock, died in the hospital next day, but First
Officer Macauley and Second Officer J. H. Hodges
are entitled to unlimited praise for their heroic
work.

"Macauley saved the big No. 2 wharf of the
steamship line. The fire swept down upon it,
but Macauley took his vessel up so close and
gave the wharf such a wetting down from the
powerful steam pumps that the fire went back
and lay down like a whipped dog.

"The steward of the Arno — I wish I knew his
name — had a cut on his head two inches long
and was bleeding profusely, but he bandaged the
wounds of sixty patients, and did it as well as
any surgeon, before he attended to himself at '
all. And after he had fixed himself up, he went
around making sure that everybody had enough
tea and crackers to be comfortable.

"Everybody turned to on the Arno and helped
take care of the injured. A German doctor,
whose name was something like Bieber, went
from the Arno to the Port Kingston and back
again, giving his services.

Kingston a Chamel House.

"I spent the night on the Arno, and Tuesday
morning landed again in hope of finding some
trace of Mr. Brandon. The fire had died down,
although it broke out again in the afternoon
among the coal pockets and was burning fiercely
when we left Kingston about 4 o'clock. I walked
up Harbor Street again and got within a few
blocks of Mr. Brandon's store, but could not get
any further. The sight was too sickening. The
street was strewn with the dead, mangled, and
burned. The odor of burned human flesh and of
rum could be smelt as far as one could see.

"The entire business portion of Kingston had
been shaken down and burned. King, Harbor,
and Port Royal Streets had been obliterated, the
stores along them demolished. Port Royal, the

THE PANDEX

383

port of Kingston, was under twenty or thirty
feet of water, and only the tips of the guns on
the fortifications showed.

' ' Most of the buildings were two-story brick
and frame structures, and came down at the first
shake.

"There was no panic, so far as I saw, but

and everybody said that he was dead. A negro
took me to a spot near where the store ought to
have been and pointed out a human figure burned
to a crisp.

" 'That's Mr. Brandon,' he said.

"I don't know whether it was or not, having
no means whatever of knowing. But I was satis-

ONE "HELPING " HAND THAT WE HOPE WILL NOT BE IN EVIDENCE.

■ — International Syndicate.

there was lots of talk of looting. The safe of
the Myrtle Bank Hotel was rifled of $7000, part
of which, I'm sorry to say, was the money which
I didn't have time to wait for. Tht police pro-
tection was altogether inadequate.

"It is foolish for Sir Alexander Swettenham
to say — but that's a subject I wasn't going to
talk about.

"The first police estimate of the dead was 1200
and the second, issued on Tuesday afternoon,
2000.

"Everybody in Kingston knew Mr. Brandon

fied that Mr. Brandon was dead, and so I began
to think about getting word to my relatives in
New York.

"I went back to the Arno and was taken to
Morant Bay, from which I drove to Holland Bay.
There I filed a cable message, which, I am told,
was one of the first direct messages to reach
New York after the disaster. It got here on
Thursday morning.

"On getting back to the Arno again I learned
that the steamship Bella was about to leave

884

THE PANDEX

Kingston for Philadelphia, by way of Port An-
tonio, Jamaica. I applied for a passage and was
received, in spite of having no money and no
clothes to speak of. When we reached Port An-
tonio I found that the steamship Baker was due
to leave in an hour direct for New York, and I
changed boats.

"I had a few cuts on my hands, but the sea
air hteled them. Since reaching New York I
have been busy most of the time buying a new
outfit of clothing. Everything I have on from
head to foot is new."

Curtis and Ingalls Saved Clothes.

Mr. Curtis and Mr. Ingalls were at Hope Gar-
dens when the shock came and drove to town as
fast as they could. They also had been stop-
ping at the Myrtle Bank Hotel, but had rooms
in a different part of the house. The front walls
only fell out, leaving their rooms exposed, and
they were able to hire a negriD to climb up and
recovfcr for them some of the most valuable of
their possessions. Mr. Ingalls described the
streets in the vicinity of the hotel as a tangle of
fallen wires, wrecked woodwork, and dismem-
bered walls.

When Messrs. Curtis and Ingalls were in-
formed of Governor Swettenham's action in re-
gard to the American sailors, they expressed
themselves as very much shocked at the bad taste
as well as the unwisdom of the Governor's
course.

"When we left," said. Mr. Curtis, "the city
was certainly in need of some one. to regulate
things. At that time bodies were still lying in
the streets and the city was in a terrible condi-
tion. There was urgent need of cool and wist
action on the part of our ships' officers and men,
and that they were not permitted to carry out
their plans was certainly a blunder."

Mr. Curtis said that many of tht white resi-
dents of Kingston were taken aboard the steam-
ship Port Kingston by a launch which passed
back and forth from Pier 1 in command of R.
Bashel, first officer of the ill-fated Princessin
Victoria Luise, which went ashore on the rocks
off Jamaica a short time ago.

"At the time of the earthquake," said Mr.
Curtis, "Mr. Bashel was in the offices of the
German Consulate. The walls were shaken in
and Bashel was buried, but dug his way out of
the wreckage and started for the water-front.
At Pier 1 he found the launch and took charge
of it. Although he was bruised in body so that
it was torture for him to move, and although
his clothing hung in shreds, he stuck to the
launch and piloted her several times back and
forth. The fact that the launch was performing
this diity was passed around quietly among the
whites of the city.

Wounded Piled Three Deep.

"Just as one launch load was going aboard
the Port Kingston a great banana barge came
alongside with wounded negroes piled three deep
or. it. Immediately the sympathies of the officers

were aroused and the Port Kingston was turned
into a floating hospital. During the night fifteen
of the patients died and the doctors performed
thirteen amputations.

"When we left the Port Kingston three sailors
were tied in the rigging as a punishment for
looting. We went to Port Antonio on the Ad-
miral Sampson, bound for Boston, and at Port
Antonio changed to the Baker."

According to Messrs. Curtis and Ingalls, there
were four shocks — one at 3.30 o'clock Monday
afternoon, one at 8.30 in the evening, a third at
3.30 o'clock Tuesday morning, and the last, the
most violent of all, on Tuesday noon at 12.05.

At Port Antonio Mr. Ingalls heard of a little
church which was to have been dedicated on
Wednesday. Some women were in it, making
final preparations, and one of them had put her
babe to sleep in a corner. When the people re-
covered from the shake-up and searched the
ruins, they found the babe sleeping peacefully,
screened from the stones that had fallen by a
piece of stout board.

Mr. Avil, the fourth passenger on the Baker,
is president of the Avil Publishing Company of
Philadelphia. He gave the following account of
his experiences:

"Up to the Saturday before the earthquake
I stayed at the Myrtle Bank Hotel, but was dis-
satisfied and moved to the Knutesford Park
Hotel, a short distance out of Kingston. When
the first shock came I was preparing to take a
nap. The washstand and chairs in my room
played tag with one another. I was hurled from
my bed to the floor.

"In the hallway I could hear the screams of
the women guests, who were running around in
their night robes, this being the siesta hour in
Jamaica. Taking two of them by the arms, we
hurried to the street.

"Buildings were falling all around us. The
wires of the electric cars had become ci'oss-cir-
cuited and were enveloped in blue flame.

"To add to the horror of the situation, negroes
were running wildly about the streets; women
and children were kneeling, praying to cruci-
fixes which they held in their hands.

"The best description of the scene could be
summed up in a few words — 'Hell transplanted.'

"The Knutesford was a wooden structure.
The plaster and chandeliers were all destroyed,
but the framework stood.

"The next morning all of the white people
were taken aboard the Port Kingston, which lay
in the harbor.

"While I stood on the pier there were five am-
putations, with no other instrument or prepara-
tion than those which the doctors had grabbed
hurriedly as they left their homes.

"Half an hour after the earthquake fire
started. It was then that all white people were
ordered to the Port Kingston, as it was feared
that the blacks in their panic would do harm
to the women and children."

THE PANDEX

385

THE BIG STICK PARADE.

— New York World.
Apropos of the Recent Victory of Emperor William in the German Elections.

386

THE PANDEX

HEAVIEST QUAKE EVER RECORDED

South Seas Tossed About for Three Hours by
Prodigious Submarine Upheaval.

How widely the seismic disturbances con-
tinue to extend is indicated, to some extent,
in the following from the New York World :

San Francisco. — For three hours the seismo-
graphs at Apia were agitated by a series of earth
shocks more violent than ever before known so
far as records show.

The center of the disturbance, it is estimated
by the German scientists in charge of the sta-
tion, was about nine hundred miles south of
Apia.

News of this' earthquake, which occurred De-
cember 21, is brought htre by the Australian
liner Ventura, whose commander learned of it
through Captain Allen, of the steamer Maori,
which plies between Apia and Pago Pago.

The region indicated in the dispatch as the
center of disturbance is in the broad South Pa-
cific Ocean on a line between Australia and Chili,
about 2300 miles, say, from Brisbane. The ocean
is more than 7000 miles wide at that approximate
latitude, and nearly six miles deep, or, to be
accurate, 30,882 feet deep, not far from Sunday
or Raoul Island.

It is the deepest known water in the world
except one spot near Guam, where the soundings
show 30,920 feet.

The deepest part of the Atlantic Ocean is just
northwest of Porto Rico, in what is known as
the Porto Rico Deep. The greatest depth there
is 27,360 feet, A little more than five miles.

While no reports have been received to show
that this earthquake has cost any human life or
done damage above the surface of the sea to
islands or mainlands, it belongs to the series of
convulsions which have wrecked San Francisco
and Valparaiso, indicating a tremendous collapse
of the earth's crust.

This latest cataclysm undoubtedly has already
wrought highly important changes in the ocean
currents, and changes which may even affect the
continents later.

GREATEST DISASTER IN HISTORY

It Would Certainly Occur if an Earthquake Ever
Shook New York.

"Wouldn't it be awful if New York were
stricken by an earthquake?" is a question asked
once, at least, by every inhabitant of this city,
since the catastrophe at Kingston. But few per-
sons who have asked the question have tried to
picture the terrible consequences that would fol-
low the upheaval of the earth on Manhattan,
such as occurred in Jamaica. Gotham's build-
ings average seven stories in height, which in-
cludes every dwelling and shack in the city. The
main skyscraper belt extends from the Battery
to Leonard Street, and here the average height.

taking into account the old-fashioned shops and
warehouses along the rivers, is not far from tea
stories. If it became necessary, for instance,
owing to the prevalence of earthquakes, to have
everything next to the ground the activities
which are now piled on top of each other in the
cloud ticklers would spread over hundreds of
square miles. The skyscrapers in the Broadway
district and in Wall Street are the really alti-
tudinous structures, averaging twenty stories.
There are now piles of structural steel and ma-
sonry towering to the height of twenty-five and
thirty stories, a forty-story building is being
erected and a fifty-story tower has been planned.
Counting the area of Manhattan Island as twenty
miles, and multiplying the ground space by the
number of stories, allowing for the intersecting
streets and avenues, some idea may be reached
of how much space would be required for New
York overhead, provided it were necessary to
place it on a plane. Some idea may also be had
of what terrible havoc a severe earthquake would
cause were the big structures in the business
district to totter and tumble. Statistics give
some expression to the magnitude of the sky-
scrapers which have recently been built or are
undergoing construction. The Singer Building,
at Broadway and Cortlandt Street, for instance,
which is three times as high as the tall spire of
old Trinity Church and more than twice as high
as the Flatiron Building, is to have forty-one
stories. The area of all its floors combined will
be almost 42,000 square feet. Naturally the oc-
cupants of the gigantic buildings are perturbed
since the Kingston <iisaster. The other after-
noon a crowd of manufacturers were discussing
the quake at Kingston. A broker said: "Well,
I am on the ground floor, and I always feel
safe." "I am on the nineteenth floor," said an
oflRcer of the Crucible Steel Company of Amer-
ica. In the event of an earthquake you would
get all the brick and the roof, while, on the
other hand, I would be killed, too; but the fel-
low who falls from the fifth or tenth story would
surely meet the same fate as the man in the
offices next to the roof." — New York Correspon-
dence Pittsburg Dispatch.

FAMINE THREATENS CHINA

Believed That Four Million Souls May Perish
of Starvation.

Earthquakes are, apparently, but one
phase of the phenomenal changes which have
been going on thruout the earth since some
time prior to the San Francisco disaster.
Floods, droughts, electrical storms, volcanic
eruptions, and many other unusual phe-
nomena have followed each other in almost
disheartening succession, and each of these
has had its dire consequences to the human

THE PANDEX

387

STILL KEEPING HIM UP NIGHTS.

— Cleveland Plain Dealer.

race. Witness the following from an article
by Captain Walter Kirton in the New York
Times :

There is absolute unanimity on the part of
both Chinese and foreign witnesses that the
famine is only beginning, and that extreme con-
ditions will set in after the Chinese New Year,
which comes at the beginning of February. The
first figures given by the missionaries in the dis-
trict stated that some 10,000,000 ptople would
be more or less affected in the famine area,
but it is not presumed that this immense multi-
tude will be starving. His Excellency Tuan
Fang agrees with the estimate of 4,000,000, and
this takes no account of numbers who have mi-
grated to the south nor of those congregated
around the walled cities in the famine area.

At Nanking, the ancient capital of China and
the Viceroy's stat of government, it is estimated
that 800,000 refugees are already collected in the
vicinity of the nine cities of the viceroyalty.
All these refugees are on the verge of starva-
tion, and must perish, it is to be feared, unless
fed by the Government or by public charity. But
they are only a tithe of the remainder who have
not been able to get away from the vicinity of
their aforetime homes, where their crops and
their all have been ruined and destroyed by the
exceptional floods of last summer, when the coun-
try— as far as the eye could see — was one huge
lake, dotted only, by the artificial dykes and

other protuberances upon which the villagers
erect their simple habitations. Twenty per
cent of the people are eating only gruel, and
many of this number have only one meal per day.
Their donkeys, sheep, and dogs, as well as the
hogs, are eaten. Now the people, with that won-
derful patience of the Chinese, are settling down
to their long waiting, waiting for the survival
of the fittest; waiting to see who will be alive to
reap the rice crops sown since the floods abated,
but which will not be reapable till June next —
waiting with that philosophical despair which
only the Oriental is capable of.

What is the cost of keeping these people alive T
It is stated that in the great, but infinitely lesser,
famine in the province of Shantung of a few
years ago — Shantung is the province wherein are
situate the concessions of Wei-hai-wei and
Kiachou — the cost per month was ten cash —
equal to about a farthing English or half a cent
United States — per diem. It is known that the
cost to-day will be much higher, possibly thirty
cash, but even at the lower estimate, if the num-
bers concerned approximate 4,000,000, the daily
expenditure would reach £4,000, while the period
for which relief will have to be continued must
extend over several months. Large sums amount-
ing to hundreds of thousands of dollars (Mexican
dollars, equal to a half dollar United States or
about 2s. English) are reported to have been
spent already to cope with the first touch of the
famine, but from all reports and from personal

388

THE PANDEX

knowledge the people are not as yet at hand-
grips with the gaunt enemy.

Another menace is contained by the existence
of the huge concentration camps in various cen-
ters. With tens of thousands of people congre-
gated together, ill-clad and starving, in small
mud hovels, the risk of a terrible epidemic
breaking out is added to the unimaginable hor-
rors of a famine. Apart from the necessity of
providing medical attention for these camps, it
would seem wise to endeavor to break them up
as soon as possible by sending the people back to
their homes. This, however, can not be done,
unless assurance is forthcoming for the refugees
that they will be fed. Such a course, moreover,
would be beneficial, if practicable, because it
would bring the people in touch with their farms
and holdings again, and would permit of their
paying attention to their next crop.

But it is not with the refugees who havt been
able to reach the vicinity of their more fortunate
kind that we have so urgently to concern our-
selves, but with those who have been unable to
get away from the starvation area. It would
obviously be useless to send money; there is
nothing to buy. Thousands of bags of rice are
being sent up, but it is open to doubt whether
the bulk of this is not consumed at the fringe of
the area. The Chinese, both officials and private
citizens, are sending up large sums of money.
The foreign residents of Shanghai have already
subscribed a sum of $25,000, and more subscrip-
tions are coming in daily. But, as I before
pointed out, such a sum as that is only sufficient
to suffice for a few hours. A powerful general
committee has been formed, and every arrange-
ment that can be made is being made to secure
the proper administration of relief.

But all such efforts are puerile unless outside
help be forthcoming. The Chinese Government,
with the best will in the world, can do little — in
view of its depleted resources — to aid its own
people. The foreigner in China, with the best
will in the. world, is unable to effect a tittle of
what he would like to do. And daily the grim
strife grows more intense, and daily we hear
tales that curdle the blood far more than the
stories of hot combat.

AMEER VISITS INDIA

Splendid Reception Given Afghanistan Ruler by
British Viceroy.

Beyond the range of the Chinese famine
is another field where famine is frequent and
political complications are almost an inev-
itable consequence. This field is India, on
whose border the British are doing all that
can be done to propitiate the favor of the
ruler of Afghanistan. Said the Philadel-
phia North American :

Calcutta, January 19. — The Ameer of Afghan-
istan, Habibullah Khan, is making his first visit

to India. Apart from its political importance
as indicating the Afghan ruler's close friend-
ship with the British Government, the visit is
also of great interest to the vast Mahometan
population of India, for he is one of the heads
of the Moslem world.

A retinue of 1500 persons accompanies the
Ameer, whose baggage is carried by no fewer
than 2000 camels. He entered India laden with
presents for all with whom he is brought in official
contact. The gift handed to the Viceroy for
dispatch to the King is stated to be of great
value.

On Monday next the Ameer will be received
in the historic Diwan-i-Am, or Hall of Public
Audience, in the palace of Delhi, the great cap-
ital of the ancient Mogul empire.

The Diwan-i-Am forms part of the splendid
collection of buildings which constituted the
palace of the Mogul Emperor, Shah Jehan. It
is now known as the Fort. Many of the build-
ings have vanished. The beautiful hall measures
one hundred feet by sixty feet. The arcades of
columns in their former days of grandeur must
have presented a scene of "Arabian Nights"
brilliance' when the place was festooned with
canopies and draperies of gorgeous brocades,
which were relieved by the splendor of the King
upon his jeweled "peacock throne" (now van-
ished) and the nobles who stood without the
silver rail guarding the throne. A rich tent
which used to stretch from one side was spread
with costly carpets.

Meeting with the Viceroy.

The feature of the Ameer's visit up to the
present was his meeting with the Viceroy, Lord
Minto, at Agra, on Wednesday last, the cere-
monies lasting a week.

On the first day Lord Kitchener, commander-
in-chief of the forces in India, with his staff and
all the principal guests, made a public entry into
the city. On the second day the Viceroy entered
in state. The Ameer arrived on the third day
and was given a reception of extraordinary
splendor. His camp was erected near Lord
Kitchener's. As guards he had two officers and
one hundred non-commissioned officers and men
of the Indian infantry.

After the formal durbar, when Lord Minto
welcomed the Ameer to India in the name of the
King-Emperor, a grand review of 30,000 troops
was held on the plains outside the city. At the
review two divisions of infantry — native and
British — were present, with eight cavalry regi-
ments and over one hundred guns.

One of the chief objects of the Ameer's visit
is to inspect the Indian native army and study
its organization, administration, and equipment,
with a view to reorganizing his own forces. He
will visit the arsenals and military factories at
Jubbulpore and Cawnpore.

Early in February the Ameer will have a few
days' tiger shooting at Sohagpore. The most

THE PANDEX

389

remarkable experience of the tour, however, will
be the sea trip from Bombay to Karachi. His
Majesty has never seen the sea, and is said to
be looking forward to his first voyage with con-
siderable trepidation.

The Ameer's Personality.
Habibullah Khan, who is now in his thirty-
fifth year, is an exceptionally tall man, with a
typical Afghan face and dark, flashing eyes. In
manner he is quiet and thoughtful and rather
slow of speech. He has a fierce temper when
aroused, and only a short time ago had one of

his leading generals blown from a cannon for a
minor offense.

Though the Ameer has a passion for motor cars
and photography, a medieval atmosphere still
surrounds him. For example, three offenders
were recently buried alive by his orders, and
several criminals had their eyes gouged out.
Fpur captured brigands were penned in cages
and slung up in the principal thoroughfare of
Kabul.

Like most Afghans, he is an excellent shot and
devoted to big game shooting.

MORE DISASTERS FORETOLD.

PROPHETS AND PROPHETESSES UNITE IN DECLARING THAT THE

ATLANTIC COAST WILL SLIDE INTO THE SEA AND

FRISCO HAVE ANOTHER EARTHQUAKE

SUCH abnoT-mal phenomena as the Kings-
ton and San Francisco disasters have
always served to incite to unusual activity
the credulous side of humanity. They are
accompanied or followed, almost invariably,
by some such disclosures as the following
from the Chicago Record-Herald:

There is trouble in the cards for the United
States in 1907. The prophets have shuffled the
pack and begfun to read. The month-old year,
sitting across the table, is hearing some things
that shock and frighten.

First, there comes Mme. de Thebes, god-daugh-
ter of Alexander Dumas, known as "the Python-
ess of Paris," prophetess of many dire events
that transpired as she said they would, and tells
how New York is to be inundated by a sinking
of the coast or by a tidal wave of size unprece-
dented in historic times. Then there follows Pro-
fessor L. G. Key, descendant of the great Raphael,
astrologer, who sees disastrous upheavals along
the Pacific Coast during the latter part of this
year and the first part of 1908. Astrology also
tells of serious trouble in the national capital.

Coincidental with the prophecies of Mme. de
Thebes, Key, and others who take- the lines of the
hand, the stars, or other means not recognized as

scientific for the basis of their predictions, there
is given to the world the predictions of Hugh
Clements, the English meteorologist, based on
scientific data.

What makes all these forecasts of trouble un-
canny is the fact that the persons making them
have predicted similar events long before they
occurred. Mme. de Thebes' prophecy of the San
Francisco earthquake was given to the world
long before this greatest disaster in history took
place. The same event was foretold by Profes-
sor Key three years before last April, so long
before the event, in fact, that people had almost
forgotten the prediction. Clements has been
forecasting recent earthquakes with almost as
much certainty as the weather is prognosticated
from day to day.

Mme. de Thebes also foretold the assassination
of Queen Draga, of Servia, the Fair automobile
tragedy, the manner of Boulanger's death, the
death bf Emile Zola, and the murder of the Mar-
quis de Mores.

Are they right in their predictions for 1907?
Mme. de Thebes' forecast for the year is out-
lined below by Sterling Heilig, special corre-
spondent for the Sunday Record-Herald in Paris.
In an interview with the woman whose predic-
tions all Europe accepts as gospel, Mr. Heilig
gives a first-hand impression of this remarkable
seeress and her works.

390

THE PANDEX

DE THEBES' STARTLING FORECAST

French Seeress Makes Predictions of Wars,
Earthquakes, and Other Great Catastrophes.

Paris, January 17.— " America ? But your
America is going into the ocean! Yes, in 1907!
No, not the whole country, but there Will be ter-
rible upheavals, sinking along the Atlantic, fire
and water, Are and water! But be comforted,
not even cataclysms can check the triumphal
march of the indomitable American people!"

The speaker was she who foretold the San
Francisco earthquake; the extraordinary woman
who rules the imaginations of half Paris-Bril-
liant; on whose tip great families change their
councils, financiers their speculations, theatrical
managers their pieces, and fair women their
lovers — Mme. de Thebes, the Pythoness of Paris!

Protege of Dumas.

How she got her hold on Paris begins years
ago, when Alexander Dumas fils was dabbling in
astrology and chiromancy with the Chevalier
d Arpentigny.

One evening Dumas asked twelve physiologists
of Faculty and Institute to dinner, and after des-
sert he passed them singly into a side room,
where sat a young woman palmist-astrologist.
One by one she read their hands, with such suc-
cess that Dumas published an enthusiastic ac-
count of the seancfe in the Figaro. Mme. de
Thebes was launched.

Her succeeding vogue must be ascribed to an
uncanny way of guessing true— particularly for
celebrities, who in turn advertised her. To Fer-
dinand Brunetiere she announced that he would
soon enjoy two unexpected satisfactions — and
within six months he was a member of the French
Academy and director of the "Revue des Deux
Mondes.' During a historic evening at the house
of Dr. Tripier she predicted a violent death for
the Marquis de Mores, and w&rned him to put it
off by keeping clear of Africa. The National
Dictionary of Contemporaries stands for it that
she predicted the charity bazaar fire; and it is
certain that Count Robert de Montesquiou as-
cribes his self-possession during that terrible
hour to her prediction: "You will shortly escape
death by burning."

Jules Claretie, Adolph Brisson, and Ernest
Daudet are among the celebrities whose articles
about her have made the round of the world's
press. The Queen of Italy sent for her to in-
quire if she should shortly have an heir. The
czar sent for her to inquire if he should shortly—
need an heir.

Tells Fortune of World.

This strange woman publishes a strange alma-
nac, in which she does not fear to set down,
country by country, the world's fortune told by
chiromancy and judicial astrology.

How accurately did she thus set down the
catastrophe of San Francisco? Struck by her
yet more sensational predictions for the eastern
coast of the United States in 1907, I thought it

might be well to call on her, but first I would
look into that previous volume, issued in the win-
ter of 1905. I found the place. It read as fol-
lows:

"The second period (April, May, June) will
have the maximum of crises. In foreign lands
there will be physical troubles, notably in South
America, and North America will thereby be dis-
quieted ; then the latter season of 1906 will bring
to the United States an unexpected shock."

Both San Francisco and Valparaiso — reversed,
truly, but that might be easily a slip in calcula-
tion. So I went to see her.

Mme. de Thebes has her apartments in the
fashionable Avenue Wagram. She lives like a
princess. Her salons are full of modern paint-
ings, valuable tapestries, expensive furniture and
carpets— and no end of elephants and human
hands! There are plaster hands, bronze hands,
hands in bisque and hands in porcelain. There
are ebony elephants, bronze elephants, white ele-
phants in chinaware, brass elephants, iron ele-
phants, and elephants in boxwood.

She swept in, most imposing, tailor-gowned by
Klein, hair undulated, fingers bejeweltd, chic,
smart, perfumed, nothing of the witch of Endor
—the Parisienne in obvious good luck.

"The hands?" she said. "They are part of
my trade. The elephants protect me. Fifty? I
have nearer a hundred. I would like to have two
hundred. The elephant is strong and good and
TVise. The elephant protects. If you are in bad
luck, surround yourself by elephants!"

Looks Bad fer America.

"I'll note it for Americans in 1907," I said.
"What is this trouble in your almanac? You
say that you see fire and water, ajid more water.
Yet before that you have set down that your cal-
culations do not give you earthquakes, as in the
past two years?"

It was then that the Pythoness of Paris broke
in.

"Your America is going into the ocean. Fire
and water. And more water. What do I know?
It comes to me like that. Tenez, here's a picture
of it. Do you know the Vermot Almanach ? No
matter. After my own almanac was published
Vermot asked me to go over all my data for new
details, and I was surprised to note how many
indications pointed to these cataclysmal sinkings
or upheavals in the United States. Vermot was
so struck he had a picture made for them."

"But, madame," I said, looking at the draw-
ings, "these are the sky-scrapers of New York
that tumble. I thought you had not predicted
earthquakes? Are you sure that it's New York,
not San Francisco again?"

"What will you?" Madame raised her arms
to heaven to disclaim responsibility. "It comes
to me that way — fire and water. And more wa-
ter. Would the sinking of a part of your At-
lantic coast line be an earthquake? Or an up-
heaval in the Atlantic sending to New York an
awful tidal wave? Yes, it is so much the Atlan-
tic that I am asking if the coast of Europe is
not also to be affected by it. The calculations

THE PANDEX

391

were quite different, but see how fatally they fit
together."

I read: "One sees how much the order of the
seasons is troubled; well, as yet one has seen
nothing. I fear our continent may suffer from
sudden convulsions, terrible on the coast. What
quantities of water. The South is marked to
suffer singularly, and even up to the central pla-
teau. And I ask why I have seen disquieting
signs in the hands of so many inhabitants of the
coast?"

"It may be a tidal wave, sweeping in
" ' I suggested.

"It may be a tidal ■«
directions," I suggested.

both

Proof in Many Hands.

Madame shrugged her shoulders ominously.
"Listen," she said. "For some time past, in the
hands of thousands of Americans, I have been
puzzled by a mysterious violent sign. All may
not refer to the same violence, certes. But
the astrology of 1907 throws illumination on
them. If part of them, even, indicate a common
shock it must be shortly due — I have seen it in
the palms of the aged. Nevertheless, cheer up!
Did the earthquake of San Francisco hurt your
country as a whole ? Non, non ! Not even cata-
clysms can check the triumphal march of the in-
domitable American people. You Americans will
eat up Europe ! ' '

You will observe that it is not as a palmist
only that Mme. de Thebes operates on the future.
The laws of stellar influence permit her to inter-
pret, amplify, check off, and particularize the
indications of chiromancy.

In case of individuals she (1) examines the
lines of your hand and (2) draws up your horo-
scope.

In case of nations, countries, and peoples the
method is quite as understandable. Take the
detail of war and peace :

"In one year I see the hands of several hun-
dred army officers of France and other European
countries," she says. "Now, suppose I find the
same marks in the palms of the mass of, say,
the Russians and none such in the palms of, say,
the Greeks. The conclusions are obvious."

It is the same with diplomats, engineers, biolo-
gists, and manufacturers — the important thing is
to see enough hands to get general indications.
Afterward the laws of stellar influence are ma-
nipulated as with individuals.

No War for France.

Thus Mme. de Thebes is sure that France will
not actually fight a war in 1907, though "the
same danger" (doubtless from the German em-
peror) will threaten. France will get out of it
manfully — by "leaving the word to her sol-
diers." The national spirit will awake. The
army and navy will become more popular. She
hints even at the "waking of latent popular an-
gers," probably connected with the separation.

Plots of audacious character, close to a coup
d'etat, will stir up Frenchmen. But the catas-
trophes from water just referred to in connection
with America will bring out the value of certain

men of action, and France will come out of all
her trials — renewed !

The German emperor has seen his best days.
He will leave to his inexperienced successor an
inextricable situation.

Mme. de Thebes says that the Germans do not
see their danger yet, but 1907 will reveal their
weakness — a year of financial scandals and catas-
trophes passing anything yet seen.

Unexpected mourning threatens several
princely German families, and court matters will
be full of sensational surprises.

' ' The German emperor, ' ' says the Pythoness
of Paris, "will continue to multiply his coup de
theatre — until the unexpected moment he will
be constrained to do no more. ' '

' ' In Austria what commotion ! The old em-
peror is not sure to leave his crown to the chosen
archduke. I have seen many hands from the
Danube in the last year — hands of distinguished
folk both of Vienna and Budapest. What differ-
ence! The Hungarians will arrive at great
things — by themselves ! ' '

In Austrian hands she has remarked great
quantities of crosses, gratings, and other alarm-
ing indications.

Conflict Due in England.

In England the exasperating influence of Ve-
nus is to aggravate class struggles. Conflict is
imminent between aristocrats and people, lords
and commons. Only the king's influence will
pacify them.

"To accomplish this Edward must, once again,
escape age and illness, and thereto he will force
himself the more because of a dark future."

But Spain — after undergoing physical dangers
— is to be reborn, and strangely. Her prosperity
will come from the embarrassment of another
country or countries.

"The Spanish monarchy itself will run great
dangers, and a high-placed victim, not the king,
will succumb to an isolated act. If the king sur-
vives the next two years intact, or almost so, he
is assured a royal reign, original, prosperous, and
very active." Really, is not the "or almost so"
audacious? Should Alphonso lose a leg and sur-
vive as a glorious monarch I shall have complete
faith in the Pythoness of Paris !

In a word, the Latin people's time is coming.
Italy is marked for splendid destinies, though
the royal family is about to suffer a cruel blow.
Also there is a mysterious threat for Italy. It
would seem physical.

"High Italian society will be called on to give
a great patriotic example," runs the prediction,
"and in the mix-up the Quirinal and Vatican are
to be reconciled. But what changed things?
What dangers to Italians from the sea?" As for
the pope, his power will grow sensibly in 1907.

In Russia, look for little doing. Apart from
a plot to kidnap the imperial children, dangerous
for the infants, scarcely to succeed, but from
which may come unexpected things, the world's
attention will not be drawn much to Russia. In
the hands of Russian officers, she has seen signs
of foreign service; but it is to cut no ice. Later
on Russia will be "neither what she is to-day
nor what she looks to be," but in 1907 both the

392

THE PANDEX

little countries of Belgium and Holland will at-
tract more world attention.

Leopold to Go Crazy.

Yes, Belgium even threatens Europe. At the
end of a great financial scandal the old king will
grow crazy — and hot times will follow.

I quote madame's words:

"In Belgium the time of social transformation
is at hand — and the shocks that accompany them.
What a scandal will first trouble public opinion.
What a plot will threaten the most celebrated
partisan of the Belgian fortune. And as life
revenges itself on those who abuse it, though
sometimes late, how the most solid brain may in
an instant weaken. And with what conse-
quences? I have said for a long time: Belgium
is the sensitive point of Europe."

And Holland ?

"The low countries will in 1907 emerge finally
from their long incognito. Redoubtable dangers
threaten Holland from the sea.

"I can not precise more," says madame.
"Who am I? A weak woman trembling on the
threshold of the fates."

"Madame," I said, "what quantities of wa-
ter! The low countries threatened by the At-
lantic; the French coast likewise menaced;
Spain on the point of undergoing physical dan-
gers; in Italy changed things and danger from
the sea; and the Atlantic coast of the United
States to sink or suffer eataclysmal inundations.
Que d'eau, madame, que d'eau. "

And madame answered me with great sad eyes.

"My happiness," she faltered, "would be to
bring only comfort."

Others Predict Dire Disasters.

Mme. de Thebes, however, has no monopoly of
the dire predictions for 1907. Hugh Clements, of
London, Proftssor Key, of Chicago, and others
who are entitled to an audience by virtue of their
former predictions that came true join Mme. de
Thebes in forecasting trouble for at least a year
to come.

On January 17 two earthquake shocks were
felt at Oban, Scotland. They had been predicted
by Hugh Clements. The same forecaster was but
two days wrong in his prediction of the Kingston
disaster.

"The sun and moon," said Clements in an in-
terview cabled to this country last week, "cause
all earthquakes and every other natural disturb-
ance. They produce atmospheric and litho-
spheric as well as hydrospheric tides. The only
difference is that the denser the medium is the
faster is the movement. The waves of the air,
which are the least dense of the three media,
have the slowest tides. Water is next and the
earth is the most rapid. When the earth tides
reach water they are blocked and force' accumu-
lates until an explosion results aiid all the earth
quakes.

"All meteorological conditions can be accu-
rately foretold by the observation of the sun and
moon and tidal positions. I predicted the recur-
rence of the Vesuvius eruptions, the recent seis-

mological shocks in northern Europe and missed
the Kingston upheaval by only a day or so. ' '

But the scientific basis claimed by Clements
for his predictions is denied by the world at large
to the predictions of Mme. de Thebes and the
astrologers. Nevertheless, the prophecies which
have been made without accepted scientific
foundation — the prophecies of those whom the
scientists call frauds — have been more remark-
able than those made by scientists.

Feats of Professor Key.

The greatest astrologer since the beginning of
the last century was Raphael, which was merely
the professional name of this Englishman who
gave his life to the study of the influence of the
stars over human life and world events. Profes-
sor Key, whose real name is the same as the real
name of Raphael, and who has followed the same
line of study as that followed by his forbear,
lives in Chicago. Many of his predictions have
been so startlingly correct in their fulfillment as
to mystify those who scoff at the methods Pro-
fessor Key follows in arriving at his conclusions.
To scientific men astrology is the baldest sham — •
a system of mummery fit only to make a bid for
the interest of the most ignorant and those who
are willing to be deceived. Yet, and there is
ample evidence that this is true, this Chicago
astrologist has foretold many great events that
took place on the day set and in the manner pre-
dicted.

On this page is reproduced the "figure of the
heavens," as it is called in astrology, by which
Professor Key predicted the assassination of
Carter Harrison, the elder, three weeks before the
weak-minded Prendergast fired the fatal shot at
Chicago's chief executive. This prediction did
not appear in the public prints for the reason
that this particular astrologer does not follow
the advertising tactics of so many of the so-called
astrologers, but there are so many witnesses to
the fact that this prediction was made when
claimed that there can be no question of doubt
concerning it.

Foretells Many Events.

Some of the other prophecies made by asti'o-
logical means by Professor Key and which were
fulfilled to the letter and day were :

The explosion of the United States war ship
Bennington at San Diego, Cal. It was predicted
that on that day the Government would lose a
ship in the Pacific.

The Japanese-Russian war. The day of the
month and year was predicted on which hostili-
ties would be begun.

The earthquake in Chile.

The Thaw-White tragedy.

The San Francisco earthquake.

Professor Key was asked what 1907 held for
this country, as revealed by the system that he
claims to be an exact science.

' ' I have no way of knowing these things except
to work them out by close application to the rules
of astrology," he said, "and my private practice
has prevented me from going thoroughly into the
horary astrology of the country for the year.

THE PANDEX

393

But one thing is certain — there is going to be
more trouble on the Pacific Coast during the last
part of this year and in the early part of next
year. The danger will not be past before the
spring of 1908. I fear for San Francisco's fu-
ture, not because there is any reason to believe
the disturbances will be greater there than at
other points on the Coast, but because it will take
but little disturbance in San Francisco to give
that city a setback from which it might never
recover. There can be no mistake about the
trouble that will come to the Pacific Coast. Six
years ago I first began to predict the San
Francisco earthquake of last year and three
years ago I repeated that prediction with em-
phasi. I was right. At the same time I pre-
dicted the South American troubles. Both were
clearly defined by astrology. Of course my pre-
dictions were scoffed at by many. There are not
so many scoffers now as there were. There are
those who scoff at my prediction of further
trouble on the Coast. This makes no difference.
These predictions were made for no commercial
or mercenary purpose, so it matters not to me
what people say.

Disaster Near Washington.

"During the year, also, there will be disaster

in or very near Washington, D. C. I have not
gone into this matter as carefully as it should be
studied to fix the time with any degree of exact-
ness. In fact, there seems to be a great deal of
seismic disturbance in store for the world at
large during the year."

"Is Mme. de Thebes correct in her prediction
that part of the Atlantic seaboard is to be inun-
dated, probably New York?" Professor Key was
asked.

"I never discuss the predictions of others. I
notice, however, that even Mme. de Thebes, who
profess to find the basis of her predictions in
the lines of the hands of men and women, sees
fit to confirm her work by astrological means."

At the time of the San Francisco earthquake
readers of the Record-Herald will recall the re-
publication of the predictions of Spangler, the
prophet of the New York Ghetto, who accurately
foretold the disaster of last April. Spangler 's
forecast for 1907 does not include either the de-
struction of New York by tidal wave, a second
upheaval on the Pacific Coast, nor serious trouble
in Washington.

For those who are influenced by the strangely
accurate prophecies of the American and Euro-
pean seers, Chicago seems to be a pretty safe
place of residence during the current year.

DREAMING AND SINGING.

To dream sweet dreams and to sing sweet songs,
To swing to the joy and the sweep of the throngs.
With an April heart for the wintry day,
And the world laughs — "That is the poet's

way ! ' '
Yes, yes, yes — he's a dreamer, 'tis true,
With nothing but singing and dreaming to do —
And nothing but aching long years at his art.
With the dead hopes treading around in his

heart!

— Baltimore Sun. '

394

THE PANDEX

muwi

— Adapted from
Cleveland Plain Dealer

careers onlj' escape publicity because they
commit no overt crimes shall be dealt with
from the point of view of the death cham-
ber, the surgeon, or the dump-heap.

THAW A "MORAL MANIAC"

IT is probably only a corollary of current
conditions that from some such source as
Pittsburg, where many of the greatest of
the latter-day fortunes have found their
beginning, should come a social scandal of
the magnitude of the Thaw case. Both on
the side of the defendant and on that of the
deceased artist, the story apparently is one
of degeneration, based largely upon too
prolific wealth, or upon the extravagant
and licentious living which men are apt to
court as a result of the strenuousness of
modern. business obligations. Thaw and the
trial are little less than tales of the tender-
loin, scandalous in the reading and harmful
to public morals, but perhaps necessary in
order to bring the popular thought to a
crystallization on the subject of whether
such lives as those of Thaw and White and
of the immense throng of licentiates whose

Lombroso Declares White's Slayer Inherited an
Exhausted Nature.
In the way of a scientific estimate of the
Thaw case, which lifts its details to the
point where their study may be of some
benefit to future generations, there has been
nothing more notable than the following
utterance by the distinguished Italian
scholar, Cesare Lombroso, which was se-
cured by the New York World:

Turin, Italy. — Cesare Lombroso, one of the
most famous criminolog:ists in the world, has
given his theory of the mental condition of Harry
Kendall Thaw when he killed Stanford White.

Declaring that Thaw was born a degenerate,
ruled by hatred and revenge, and is a moral
maniac through hereditary tendencies handed
down by his father, who exhausted his energy in
amassing his great fortune in a few years, Lom-
broso says Thaw murdered White through im-
pulses over which he had no control.

His deductions in this case are said to be the
most remarkable conclusions which he ever drew
from crime. He said :

"The epileptiform madness which controls
Thaw is traceable not so much to the fact that
Thaw's aunt died mad as it is to the fact that
he is the child of a father who, by superhuman
work in a few years, made himself from nothing
to a millionaire. History demonstrates that
children of persons who exhaust their energies by

THE PANDEX

395

enormous work are often either morally mad or
imbeciles.

His Jealousy Abnormal.

"The causes of Thaw's hatred for White were
many, and probably were intensified by sugges-
tions of the wife, who was anxious to concentrate
her husband's devotion on herself.

"The first element to be considered in analyz-
ing this hatred is Thaw 's intense love for Evelyn
Nesbit. Thaw had had many debauches and
many love affairs, but before he met her he had
never had a continuous love for anv woman, not
even the Countess who tried to kill herself for

hair across the room, and threw plates and dishes
at her.

"If Thaw's jealousy of ordinary men acquaint-
ances was so unnatural, what much have bten his
feelings toward White, inasmuch as appearances
to a certain point justified him in jealously re-
garding the architect? It was White who had
made her career; it was he who advised Evelyn
to obtain compensation from Thaw for injuries
and insults which she had suffered at Thaw's
hands in Paris.

' ' The madness on Thaw 's part was taking form.
He demonstrated it when he hired detectives to

THE BUSY YELLOW ONE.

-Pittsburg Gazette Times.

him. Until Thaw came to love Evelyn Nesbit
intensely and truly he knew her only as a child.
When he was wooing her his jealousy was abnor-
mal. When Evelyn was loved by an actor he
became infuriated. He attacked a guest, at his
own table because he thought the guest's admira-
tion for the beautiful Evelyn was too unconcealed.
"Further, we find that on Christmas • Day,
1904, because Evelyn had stopped to talk to some
one while on the way to the telephone, Thaw had
an uncontrollable fit of jealousy. It was truly
epileptiform. He brutally dragged her by the

dog White's footsteps. It should be noted here
that as early as 1902 Thaw went to the length of
enlisting the services of a hypnotist at a heavy
fee to influence Evelyn to break away from
White, signally demonstrating the morbidity of
his love and jealousv even then. Finally he took
not only to cursing his rival, but threatened him
with death. White's contemptuous treatment of
these fiilminations only served to accentuate
Thaw's fear and hatred of him.

A Hereditary Epileptic.
"Now, if Thaw grew furious for trivial causes

396

THE PANDEX

— for getting a bad cigar, finding a seat he wanted
occupied, or intercepting a passing glance cast
at his loved one — what must have been his emo-
tions against the man whom he acutely feared in
relation to the dominating passion of his life?
*"If any other evidence were needed to explain
Thaw's crime, it lies in this fact: He was born
a degenerate. To be more precise, an epileptic,
moral madman, whose revenge and hatred are
excitable by the smallest causes or even without
any apparent cause.

''Merely by an unconquerable instinct his
epileptiform madness is traceable not so much to
the fact that his aunt died mad as it is to the
fact that he is the son of a man who, in a few
years, made himself from nothing into a million-
aire. Now the children of great geniuses and
those who exhaust their energies by enormous
work are often morally mad or imbeciles.

"Peter the Great's son was a drunkard and a
maniac. The nephews and grandchildren of
Charles V were mad and epileptic. The sons of
Cicero, Socrates, Scipio, and Goethe were idiots
or madmen.

"Apparently Thaw perpetrated the murder of
White in a moment when, by abuse of alcohol and
exasperated by malignant stories of White, con-
veyed to him by friends, his persistent hatred of
White translated itself into impulse. It may be
objected to the theory of epileptic mania that
Thaw acted with calmness and careful premedita-
tion, but Tamobrini and others have shown cases
in which, epileptic attacks taking the form of
crime, acts of violence have been committed with
the utmost coolness and deliberation."

ITALY LAUGHS AT U. S. COURTS

Newspapers of Rome Mock at Cumbersome Pro-
cedure of American Trials.

That there may possibly be much of hol-
low mockery underlying the whole Thaw
affair is believed at least by a few persons,
as witness the following from the Chicago
Inter-Ocean :

Rome. — The Thaw trial is exciting more intense
interest in Italy than any former case of the kind
outside of Europe. The leading newspapers, like
the Corriere Delia Sera, of Milan, and II Mat-
tino, of Naples, have arranged for long cable dis-
patches direct from New York, where they sent
correspondents to attend the trial. The Lom-
broso article, summaries of which have been sent
through agencies and circulated throughout the
country, has added tremendously to public
curiosity in the development of the case.
"Crime Characteristically Italian."

Rome's leading morning newspaper, II Mes-
saggero, severely criticizes the arrangements for
the selection of jurymen, which it stigmatizes as
"initial monstrosity, certain to pave the way
toward a yet more monstrous verdict."

La Vita says: "Never before has a crime of
passion so characteristically Italian in its origin

and evolution occupied the attention of American
civilization. For this reason the Thaw tragedy
in its judicial phase will be watched with en-
thralling curiosity by the Italian public. The
United States now offers humanity a spectacle
which proves justice to be the same wretched
fraud in every continent. While Anglo-Saxons
rail at Italian judicial procedure, its pomp and
ponderousness, here we have the most democratic
of countries wasting months compiling a charge
sheet, when the free confessions of the accused
demanded only a few days thus spent. Citing a
couple of hundred jurymen, a legion of alienist
experts, lawyers, witnesses of both sexes, this trial
bids fair to rival the most deplorable scenes in
Italy.

Like Old Continental Courts.

"Indeed, with all the public stir this ease is
causing in phantasy of the star striped race, we
seem to be transported into one of our own tur-
reted towns, amidst the babble or our fellow folk.
Nor shall we be astounded if Roosevelt, instead
of sending a message to Congress apropos the
cause, should dash off a magazine article on the
subject in the best Presidential prose, or if Mrs.
Alice LongTvorth proceeds amidst queenly honors
to the assize court to grace the debates, which,
instead of centering on the crime and the criminal
or the problem of responsibility, will likely
enough seek to discuss whether the victim did
not really provoke his aggressor to madness.
Deny it as you may, justice is equally as great a
comedy in America as it is in Italy.

"Beautiful women and the irresistible impetus
of hallowed brutality seem fated to fascinate and
stir deeper emotions than the destruction of a
Kingston by a cataclysm of nature."

'POOR PITTSBURG'S" SCANDALS

The Wealth of the Coal and Steel Industries Has
Led to Many Disgraces.

Something of the other scandalous affairs
to which unfortunate social conditions in
Pittsburg have recently given birth is shown
in the following from the New York World :

Pittsburg's "Candy Prince" has come into his
own again. Samuel Reymer, son of Jacob Rey-
mer, the "Candy King," disinherited because he
married a dancing girl, is now enjoying his
father's millions. So closes one more chapter in
the Smoky City's spectacular history.

But another chapter is just being opened for
another perusal. The Goldie Mohr that was,
Weber-Fields chorus girl once upon a time, but
now Mrs. Allan W. Wood, widow of the Pitts-
burg millionaire, is on the stage again. Some
say ii is just to spite Pittsburg and incidentally
the Woodses.

Pity Pittsburg!

Is the city of smoke and dollars to keep on
getting one black eye after another? Can't just

THE PANDBX.

397

one millionaire do things in the way that 99 per
cent of the rest of us do? Won't some million-
aire please marry somebody who isn't going to
advertise Pittsburg unpleasantly?

There was William L. Corey, for instance,
•president of the United States Steel Company.

maid and then took the Keeley cure for his
honeymoon. The Hart McKees kept Pittsburg
in the public eye, and then came the troubles of
the Lawrence Phippses. The estate of Henry W.
Oliver had a woman mixed up in it, and then
came the Hartje trial, in which the husband made

DOES HE DEMAND IT OR IS IT THRUST UPON HIM?

— Denver Post.

He and Miss Mabel Gilman struck up a great
friendship and Mrs. Corey had to sue for divorce.
Now Mr. Corey and Miss Gilman both find
themselves abroad in about the same places and
there is constant gossip that the millionaire suc-
cessor to Mr. Carnegie will make the sprightly
actress Mrs. Corey No. 2.

Then there was Harry K. Thaw, who married
Miss Evelyn Nesbit and soon afterward killed
Stanford White. There was young John Alston
Moorhead, who eloped with his mother's French

a negro the co-respondent, only to lose-
being triumphantly vindicated.

-his wife

SERVIA'S ROYAL DEGENERATE.

The Profligate and Wild Crown Prince George
Who Will Be King.
While less striking to the American
thought, the following from the Kansas
City Star with regard to a distinguished in-
stance of degeneracy abroad has in it ele-

398

XHE PANDEX

ments which command its study along with
that of the Thaw case :

The general disaffection in Servia is increased
by the wild, unbridled, cruel conduct of the
Crown Prince George, who will succeed his
father, Peter, as king of Servia unless something
should happen to prevent it.

Prince George shows no disposition to mend
his ways. Only a few weeks ago he smuggled a
lot of his boon companions, male and female, into
the palace, donned his father's crown and coron-
ation mantle and held a drunken orgy with them.
While the carousal was at its height the king
entered the room, attracted by the noise. The
prince 's companions were frightened into sobriety
and hastily decamped, but George was not a bit
phased. "I was just trying these things on," he
said, "and I flatter myself that I look much
better in them than you do." Then he cooly
invited his father to join him in drinking the
health of his successor. The scene was ended by
some attendants carrying him off to bed. He
makes no secret of his contempt for his father,
e\^en when sober. "You are in a terrible fright
that someone will kill you," he is reported to
have said to the king on one occasion. "Do not
worry yourself. I will be the one to kill you."

The other day a mouse was caught in the
palace. The crown prince took the little animal
out of the trap still alive, and ordered one of the
sentries on guard to bite its head off. The
soldier refused, and the prince, drawing his re-
volver, threatened to shoot him if he did not obey.
Only the intervention of one of the king's ad-
jutants prevented him from carrying out his
threat.

One of his favorite amusements is to bury cats
up to their necks in the earth and stamp them to
death with his military boots. Another diversion
to which he is extremely partial is to sit at one
of the palace windows with an airgun and take
potshots at people as they pass in the street. In
this way he inflicted a painful wound recently on
an old woman's face. If not really mad, he
simulates madness better than even Hamlet did.
And in some measure his role seems to be that
of Hamlet to King Peter's Claudius.
His Tutor Thrashed Him.

The people of Belgrade live in terror of him.
In his reckless moods he knows no restraint. He
gallops through the streets utterly regardless of
pedestrians. He has more than once announced
his intention of erecting a gallows in the chief
square of Belgrade, when he ascends the throne,
and to hang thereon those who oppose his royal
will. To the Servians he appears to be a scourge
sent by Providence to avenge the assassination
of King Alexander and Queen Draga.

Several officers have bluntly refused to serve
as his aids-de-camp owing to the indignities
which he heaps upon those who wait upon him.
Occasionally, though, he meets more than his
match. A major, whose ears he had boxed after
grossly insulting him, drew his sword, and it
would have fared ill with the prince if some other

officer had not interfered. Enraged by some
directions given by his tutor, M. Levassaur, he
threw pears and apples at his head, and wound
up the performance by hurling a syphon bottle at
him. That was too much for the amiable French-
man. He pitched in and gave the prince a sound
thrashing, and left Servia, and no other tutor has
yet been found bold enough to take his place.

King Peter Fears Assassination.

During a recent hunt near Belgrade the crown
prince purposely shot a peasant in the eye just
to show his companions what an excellent marks-
man he is. Quite recently, after a dispute with
Dr. Dimitsch, the court physician and chief of
the royal cabinet, the prince boxed his ears with
such force that the doctor's hat fell off. At the
Karageorgevitch fete, the other day, as the pro-
cession headed by the king approached the
cathedral, a cab passed in which were the crown
prince and some disreputable women, all drunk.
He shows such symptoms of mental and moral
abnormality that if not actually insane he is cer-
tainly not fit to be at large. The report that he
was to be sent to a lunatic asylum has been
denied, but it would surprise no one if that course
should be adopted. If he should ever become
king of Servia he would be deposed by revolu-
tion or assassination within a week.

Meanwhile King Peter has lost whatever nerve
he may have possessed as a young man. He is
more closely guarded than ever King Alexander
was, even when plots against him were daily dis-
covered. Though only sixty years of age he has
the appearance of a very old man. When he
reached Servia after the murders he looked like

"nRST AUTHFNTlC 'V^^OTC ffpA-PH OP

The co/aplete thaw jury

THE THAW JURY.

— Kansas Citv Star.

THE P AND EX

399

UNDER THE CENSORSHIP.
Although the men selected for the Thaw Jury are allowed to read the newspapers, all news
concerning the case is eliminated. — New York Dispatch.

— International Syndicate.

400

THE PANDEX

a decayed military man, with a sinister, hawk-
like face, marked with deep lines, grizzled hair
and mustache. Now his face is ashen and baggy,
his hair is white, his eyes are full of rheum. He
shuffles along like a vender of old clothes and his
hands have the drunkard's twitch. He sleeps
little and spends much of his time seeking cour-
age in the bottle and imbibing large quantities
of old brandy. By contrast with the life of
teiTor and imbecility which he leads in his gilded
cage, the days of his old penurious struggles in
Geneva must appear to him like a lost Paradise.

TRAVESTIES ON JUSTICE

British Judge Wlio Defeats the Law's Purpose
by His Severity.
That judicial punishment can not always
be relied upon to effect good for the com-
munity which imposes it is clearly shown in
the following from the Pittsburg Gazette-
Times :

London.- — Hitherto I have been opposed to the
establishment of a court of criminal appeal, but
after what has transpired in this court to-day, I
have been converted. The sooner we have a

court of criminal appeal in working order, the
better it will be for justice."

This confession was made by a distinguished
lawyer recently after defending a prisoner at the
Middlesex sessions, presided over by Sir Ralph
Daniel Mackinson Littler. Sir Ralph has prob-
ably done as much as any man in England to
convince the people of the necessity of establish-
ing a court of criminal appeal, which exists in
every civilized country in the world except this.
But it has been at a fearful cost to the unfor-
tunate wretches brought before him for trial.
For eighteen years he has been justice of the
peace, and chairman of the Middlesex sessions.
During that period the sentences of penal servi-
tude which he has inflicted for offenses, in most
cases amounting to little more than petty larceny,
aggregate 572 years.

He administers justice with Draconian severity.
He never tempers it with mercy. He has no idea
of apportioning punishment to crime. Most per-
sons with any ordinary feelings of humanity
would consider seven years' imprisonment as
sufficient for almost any crime that could be com-
mitted short of murder. Yet it is a fact that this
titled dispenser of justice gave a man seven years
for stealing a dollar's worth of coal. Just think
of it ! For stealing a pair of boots valued at
eighty-seven cents, another man got five years'

THE DARWINIAN THEORY REVERSED.
An episode in expert testimony.

Q. — "Doctor, you are an expert on insanity, are you not?"
A. — "Yes, indeed."

Q. — "Please describe the Romberg test." •

A.— "Beg Pardon?"

Q. — "Please describe the Romberg test."

A. — "Why, you see — well, it's just a test for pathological and physiological manifestations
»f intermolecular stratums. "
Q. — "Have you ever heard of the Romberg test before?"
A.— "No."

Q. — "Then why did you think you could tell what it was?"
A. — "I thought I'd try, anyway. You never know what you can do till you try."

THE PANDEX

401

Q. — "Do you know the functions of the intercostal nerve?"

A. — "Yes. It runs psyehopathically between the intercollegiate and interurban ganglia, or
nerve centers."

Q.— "In what direction?"

A. — "Kind of catty-cornered, I think."

Q. — "Have you ever heard of this nerve before?"

A.— "No."

Q._" Where does the pons varolii cross the pneumogastric nerve?"

A. — "I don't know. I'm a stranger here."

Q. — "0, make a rough guess, anyway."

A. — "I think it crosses near Forty-second street, but I'm not sure."

Q.— "Have you ever heard of the Argyll Robertson symptom?

A. — ' ' I think so, but by a different name. ' '

Q.— "What name."

A. — "I've forgotten. I just heard casual gossip about it and didn't pay much attention."

Q. — ^"How many people have you examined for insanity?"

A.— "About 800."

Q.— "Who employed you?"

A.— "The patients."

Q.— "Were they insane?"

A.— "Why, of course." —Chicago Tribune.

402

THE PANDEX

penal servitude. For purloining a pair worth
twice as much another wretch received a sentence
of seven years. A man who had the misfortune
to be tried before him for stealing a couple of
pewter pots, valued at $1.75, had five years meted
out to him. Another individual who had stolen
a couple of sheets worth $2.50, got seven years'
penal servitude with ten months added thereto.
For stealing twopence (four cents) from a till
he imposed a penalty of four years on the petty
thief, who had the ill-luck to be brought before
him — one year for every cent he stole ! And this
in Christian England in the twentieth century!
Only the other day, for the heinous offense of
"loitering," a young man of twenty, whom the
police described as an " ineonigible rogue," was
sentenced by him to thirty lashes and one year's
imprisonment.

These are but a few examples culled at random
from the terrible record of Sir Ralph's court. By
comparison, a sentence of six months' imprison-
ment passed on a poor woman for stealing a
five-cent loaf seems almost like an act of mercy.
One can well imagine he must bitterly regret that
he did not live a hundred years ago when he
might have sentenced people to be hanged for
petty larceny.

Sir Ralph's victims can not appeal to a higher
court against his monstrous sentences. The only
course open to them is to appeal to the Home
Secretary, and being for the most part ignorant
and illiterate, with no capacity for stating their
own cases, no means to command the services of
competent counsel and no influential friends to
work in their behalf while they are "doing
time," their chances of obtaining a revision of
their sentences in that quarter are infinitely re-
mote. The much-vaunted English system of ad-
ministering the law allows no appeal in criminal
eases, but does so in civil actions. It rates
human life and human liberty of less importance
than property. A dispute about an agreement or
a piece of property. involving $100 can be carried
as of right to the highest tribunal in the land—
the law lords, sitting as the House of Lords Court
of Appeal. But a man condemned to the scaffold,
a man sentenced to seven years' imprisonment
for stealing a pair of boots, or to four years for
stealing four cents has no right of appeal what-
ever to a higher court.

Sir Ralph gets no salary. He belongs to that
large class of country justices who take the office
for the sake of the dignity it is supposed to
confer, and whose decisions so often constitute a
travesty on the name of justice. He is seventy-
one yeai-s old. He has an intellectual head, biit
a cruel, hard mouth. That his example may not
be lost to posterity, he has written a book on the
"Rights and Duties of Justices."

Recently he sentenced one James F. Bartlett,
an old offender, to seven years' penal servitude
for stealing a water meter cover and threatening
to "get square" with the policeman who caught
him.

"That isn't just," said Bartlett, "and you are

not just either. You're a d — d fraud, you're a
d— d fraud!"

At the next session of Parliament, a bill will
be introduced to establish a court of criminal
appeal. If it goes through, there will be some
means of imposing a check on Dogberrys of the
Sir Ralph Littler type.

HUSBAND A CHANGELING

Woman Married Fourteen Years Can't Tell When
Substitution Took Place.

London. — The "Comedy of Errors" was out-
comedied by a remarkable story told in the Wil-
lesden court recently by a woman who to all ap-
pearances is a normal and sane person, but who
declares that after fourteen years of married life
she has just discovered her husband to be a
changeling. When the substitution took place she
is unable to say; she only noticed the change
during the last week and she has now come to the
conclusion that the man in place of her husband,
although remarkably like him, isn't her real hu.s-
band. The following dialogue passed between
the magistrate and the applicant :

"When did the change take place?"

"I do not know. I first noticed it a few days
ago. ' '

"How long have you been married?"

"Fourteen years."

"What do you want me to do?"

"Grant me a warrant for my real husband"

' ' Are you sure this man is not your husband ? ' '

"Quite sure."

"Have you spoken to him about it?"

"I have not mentioned it yet."

" Is he kind ? ' '

"Not so kind as my real husband."

"Does he act the same in other ways?"

"Yes, he comes home at night and has his tea.
His habits are very much the same."

"This may have been going on for a long
time?"

' ' Yes, I do not know for how long. ' '

"Do you mean to tell me that you lived to-,
gether as husband and wife and yet you have
been deceived in this way?"

"I do so," said the woman, speaking most
emphatically.

"Now, don't you think you are under a de-
lusion?"

"I do not, sir. I am perfectly sure that this
man is not my husband, however much he may
be like him."

The puzzled magistrate advised the possibly
deluded but quite sincere woman to bring the
man before him.

THE PANDEX

403

WILL SHE GET IN?

-Chicago News.

*04

THE PANDBX

PROBLEMS IN
EDUCATION
AND LABOR

— Adapted from the New York Herald.

MORE PAY FOR TEACHERS

THAW eases and their like naturally carry
the reflections of those who work for the
betterment of society in general to the rudi-
ments of social life, in other words to the
child and its education, and also the child
and the material conditions which surround
it. Such matters as the employment of
children in manufacturing and other more
or less grinding occupations naturally rise
to new importance, as do the opposite con-
siderations of retaining children within the
healthy life of the farm.

DEMAND FOR CHILD MODELS

Profitable Occupation Develops for Those Between
Two and Ten Years of Age.

Closely associated with the life of the
wealthy, out of which has grown the Thaw
case, is the use to which children in the
metropolis are now being put for the pur-
pose of furnishing objects of art for the con-
sumption of the restless acquisitive appe-
tites of metropolitan people. To what ex-
tent this is in vogue is reflected in the fol-
lowing from the Washington Post:

New York. — So great has become the demand
for child models in the last few years that, ac-
cording to a New York photographer, almost any
pretty child can command an engagement. It not
infrequently happens, says he, that the support
of families rests upon small shoulders, and cases
in which children earn sufficient not only for
their maintenance and clothing, but also for their
education are plentiful.

It is perhaps in the line of commercial photo-
graphy that the best field for child models lies.
Commercial photography supplies pictures for
advertising the product of business and manu-
facturing houses. Children who pose for these
illustrated advertisements earn anywhere from
$12 to $14 a week, and sometimes, as in the case
of Ruth Wells, $25.

While children from two to four years are most
in demand, those from four to ten can be used
in one way or another. Another branch of
photography in which child models are used is
that in which beautiful pictures, ideal heads, and
the like are sought. These are sold to art dealers
for reproduction.

The demand for child models is not so great
among artists as among photographers. It is
somewhat difficult for the little ones to pose as
steadily as is necessary for an artist, but before
the camera they can be taken in a moment in all
their simplicity and sweetness, and they are not
fatigued by the effort.

Girls are much more desirable than boys. Out
of the fifty best-known child models in the city,
not more than one-quarter are boys.

THE PANDEX

405

SHRUNKEN DIVIDENDS OR SHRUNKEN HUMANITY?
Shall the Moneybags or the Children Suffer?

-Indianapolis News.

406

THE PANDEX

THE ILLS OF CHILD LABOR

Problem of Legislation to Protect Children of
Toil Cleared Up.

Something of the story of the more slave-
driving occupation of children, against
which Senator Beveridge has been leading
a strong movement in Congress, is told in
the Chicago Tribune as follows:

Washington, D. C. — For months the Census
Bureau has been at work upon a special bulletin,
giving statistics as to the extent and character of
the employment of children in the United States.
From an examination of figures submitted by the
enumerator for the census of 1900, it is shown
that the total number of breadwinners between
the ages of ten and fifteen years employed in
continental United States was 1,750,178. This,
of course, is a large number of itself, but it is
not so great as one might fear in a total popula-
tion of 76,303,387.

Of the total number of child breadwinners be-
tween the ages of ten and fifteen years who are
defined as those earning money regularly by labor,
contributing to the family support, or appreci-
ably assisting in mechanical or agricultural in-
dustry, 72 per cent were boys and 28 per cent
girls, fractions being eliminated for convenience.

Indexes to Nationality.

According to the census report, the extent to
which young children. are employed as breadwin-
ners is a sure index of the economic position of
the classes of population they represent. When-
ever comparisons are made for the same city or
community, it is found almost invariably that the
percentage of breadwinners is much greater
among foreign born than among native children,
and slightly greater among native children with
foreign parents than among children of native
parents.

It is also found that the percentage of bread-
winners among negro children in comparison cov-
ering the entire United States is much higher
than for any class of white children. At the
same time it should be noticed that the percent-
age of negro children employed in pursuits not
connected with agriculture is comparatively
small.

One of the greatest problems in connection
with the restriction of employment of children
arises from the difficulty of settling the question
as to how poor families are to be supported if
their children are not to contribute to a common
fund according to their capacity. No one doubts
that all children ought to be educated and ought
to have their own play time, but in the case of
the poor there are many families where the loss
of the small sum brought in by the little child is
just the measure between dire poverty and
starvation.

Degeneracy as a Factor.

In demonstration of this fact the Census

Bureau has made an interesting study of a gen-
eral selection of about 20,000 families who have
children employed. These families represented
approximately 140,000 people, old and young.
The tendency among the poor toward large
families and the consequent necessity of some of
the children contributing to the common support
is indicated by the fact that out of this special
group investigated by .the bureau approximately
one-half of all the families were six, seven, or
eight in number.

The proportion of large families reaches its
maximum, according to the report, among the
cotton mill production of Fall River, Mass., where
about 36 per cent, or a good deal more than one-
third, of all the families with children employed
have not less than nine members each. In the
cotton mill groups representing the South large
families are relatively not quite so numerous,
but percentages are much liigher than those for
most other avenues of employment. It ought to
furnish employment for sociologists and others to
determine what is the relation between working
in a cotton mill and the existence of large
families.

Evidently the greatest danger to the nation
from the employment of children lies in mental
and physical degeneracy which necessarily fol-
lows, because they have been subjected to the
strain of hard labor at a time when they ought
to have the benefit of fresh air and the school-
room. On this subject the census figures fui'nish
an almost unanswerable argument for a strict
enforcement of the law restricting the employ-
ment of children.

DIVORCE RELIGION FOR CASH.

Sectarian Schools Become Independent to Share
in Carnegie Foundation.

Out of the very source whence it is alleged
the slavery of children has arisen, namely,
the financial greed of the times, appears to
arise also the endowment that may lead to
correction. For instance, the Chicago Rec-
ord-Herald gives the following story of the
donations of Rockefeller and others to col-
leges :

New York.— The University of Chicago is not
to share in the benefits of Andrew Carnegie's
.$10,000,000 pension fund for superannuated col-
lege professors. In the first annual report of the
Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of
Teaching, there appears a note written to the
trustees of the foundation by the late President
Harper, of the University of Chicago, in which
he took the position that his institution was not
strictly denominational in the sense covered by
Mr. Carnegie's deed of gift, and was, therefore,
eligible to a share of the pension fund. The
foundation trustees have decided otherwise.

Brown University at Providence also has been
excluded from the fund.

THE PANDEX

A STUDY IN COMPARATIVE REMUNERATION.

The average monthly salary of school teachers in Pennsylvania is
for women. — News Item.

3.91 for men and $38.55
— Pittsburg Dispatch.

Mr. Carnegie's rigid exclusion of denomina-
tional institutions from the benefit of his pension
system is having the effect, according to the
trustees of the foundation, of shaking loose the
sectarian hold on a considerable number of col-
leges throughout the country. This movement is
spreading. As fa.st as the institutions throw off
their church aflSliations and conform to the edu-
cational standards required by the foundation,
they are being admitted to a share of the fund.
Bates College sends word that it is preparing to
amend its charter so as to free it entirely from
sectarian conditions.

"In almost all cases," says President Pritchett
of the foundation, "the authorities of the various
colleges which are technically denominational
disclaim any denominational test in choosing
teachers. All these statements are most signifi-
cant."

List of Accepted. Schools.

The list of "accepted institutions" now in-
cludes :

Amherst, Beloit, Carleton College, Case School
of Applied Science, Clark University, Clarkson

School of Technology, Colorado College, Colum-
bia, Cornell, Dartmouth, George Washington
University, Hamilton, Harvard, Hobart, John«
Hopkins, Knox College, Iowa College, Lawrence
University, Lehigh, Leland Stanford Jr. Univer-
sity, Marietta College, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Middlebury College, Mount Holyoke
College, New York University, Oberlin, Brooklyn
Polytechnic, Princeton, Radcliffe, Ripon College,
Smith College, Stevens Institute of Technology,
Trinity College, Tuft's College, Tulane Univer-
sity, Union College, University of Pennsylvania,
University of Rochester, University of Vermont,
Vassar, Wabash College, Washington University
(St. Louis), Washington and Jefferson College,
Wellesley, Wells' College, Western Reserve Uni-
versity, Williams College, Worcester Polytechnic
Institute, Western University of Pennsylvania,
and Yale.

In Canada the accepted schools are Dalhousie
University, at Halifax, and McGill University, at
Montreal.

Eighty-eight professors have been retired by
the Carnegie foundation on a pension. Eight
widows of professors have been pensioned.

408

THE PANDEX

KEEPING YOUTH ON THE FARM.

Nebraska's Novel Corn and Cooking Contest and
Its Results.
That healthy bodies and normal appe-
tites might lead the future generations of
America far away from the lower passions
and profligate habits which have resulted
in the Thaw case is the contention of many
students of conditions. The following from
the Philadelphia North American describes
a movement in support of this theory:

"Can we keep our boys and girls on the
farm?" agricultural communities all over the
country are asking. Nebraska responds with an
emphatic "Yes."

"Do as we are doing here," she advises her
sister States.

"But how?"

"Teach them the dignity of farming and farm
life ; that coaxing rich harvests from the earth is
a science as profound and as worthy of study as
any that can be pursued; that the old idea of the
man with the hoe has passed — he has been suc-
ceeded by the man of brains, of scientific methods
and of commanding influence in the community. ' '

Just how Nebraska is teaching her boys and
girls to love the farm and farm life is strikingly
demonstrated at each annual corn contest at
Lincoln.

In December of each year this corn contest is
held. It is open to boys under twenty-one years
of age, who exhibit, in competition, corn raised
by them under certain' rules and regulations.

Connected with the corn contest — and really a
part of it — is a competition between girls under
twenty-one, who submit samples of their best
efforts in cookery, corn being a prominent feature
of every dish.

Recently the latest contest was held at Lincoln.
More than one thousand boys and girls from the
farms of Nebraska exhibited the products of their
skill. There were only about five hundred entries
the year before. Each season interest in the con-
test increases.

When it is understood that the school authori-
ties of the State have undertaken to answer the
problem, "How to keep the boys and girls on the
farm," the remarkable success of these corn con-
tests indicates a new and valuable educational
process.

The annual contests are under the general
supervision of Deputy State School Superintend-
ent E. C. Bishop. They are for the purpose of
suggestion and direction rather than instruction.
' "We believe," said Mr. Bishop, "that the boy
who carefully cultivates and studies the growth
of a patch of corn, sugar beets, wheat, potatoes,
or other plants will gain a new interest and a
better appreciation of the value of careful thought
applied in the study and the adaptation of seed
selection, soil fertility, and intelligent culture of
plants.

Real Education.

"Further, he will become interested in the best
methods of marketing, and of the use of these
plants as food for man and animal. This will
direct him to study, to discussion, and to investi-
gation, leading to a knowledge of systematic
feeding and caring for live stock, to a study of
animal adaptation and needs, and to a careful
consideration of the financial problems involved.
This is education.

"The girl who learns by actual experience to
successfully cultivate a flower, a vegetable, or
any plant in which she is interested, becomes the
more wedded to farm life.

"When she learns to bake a loaf of bread, to
prepare an edible dish for the table, to can a jar
of fruit, to make an apron for the use of herself
or a member of the family, to neatly darn .or
patch a garment, she is preparing herself for a
career of usefulness on the farm.

"If she seeks to know and to perform these
simple yet important duties in the best way; if
she combines with her work cheerfulness, careful
thought, and intelligent study, she will ere long
become expert in home duties and will become
such a student of nature, or the home and of the
foundations of social life, that she will be led
to a proper growth and development, into the
student, the business woman, the homemaker, the
homekeej>er — the highest of all womanly call-
ings. ' '

At first the contest was confined entirely to
corn growing. Last year, however, the work
included corn, wheat, potato and sugar beet grow-
ing, corn cooking and other branches of cooking,
hand sewing and manual training, with work in
county clubs in other lines of agriculture, domes-
tic science and manual training.

In 1905, after the cooking contests for girls
were announced, a number of requests came in
from boys asking that they be likewise favoredi
The request was granted, and in the exhibit of
1906 there was a department devot?d to boy.s'
cooking.

This was open to any Nebraska boy of school
age. The class of exhibits were the same as for
girls, but the boys competed only with one
another.

The exhibition association is officered by boys
and girls.

The contestants are divided into classes. Class
A, for instance, is confined to corn g^i-own from
seed — 1000 kernels — sent out by the State super-
intendent, and Class B to that grown from seed
sent by the county superintendents.

Still another class is for corn grown from seed
secured by the contestant wherever he pleases.
There are also county and individual collective
exhibits, forming other classes.

Membership in the association is made up en-
tirely of Nebraska boys and girls of school age,
while honorary memberships are granted to
teachers or others whose services are valuable to
the organization.

In order to make it worth while to enter the

THE PANDEX

409

contest, prizes of $2000 in
cash and many valuable ar-
ticles are given to the win-
ners.

Entries in the Spring.

Each entry must be made
in the spring. A blank is
sent to the prospective con-
testant, and upon this he
must enter his name, and
when sending in his exhibit
must accompany it with a
statement of just what he
did in the growing of the
exhibit, together with de-
tails showing the kind of
seed and soil, nature of cul-
tivation and cost in money
and labor.

From the corn patch cul-
tivated by him, he is in-
structed to carefully select
ten ears that will score
highest under the rules for
judging. Each ear must look
as near like every other of
the ten as possible.

The shape of the ears, the
color of the cob, the color of
the kernels, the maturity of
ear and length of the tips,
the flatness or roundness of
the butt, the uniformity of
the kernels, their shape and
the space between them, the
proportion of corn on the
ear, and the weight of the
grain are all matters that
figure in the scoring.

In the classes covering
wheat, sugar beets and po-
tatoes, the same or similar
rules govern. These prod-
ucts, however, are but a part
of the main show.

When these exhibits reach
Lincoln for the annual exhi-
bition they are unpacked and
placed in a large hall de-
voted to such purposes. Here
they are judged by experts,
visited by thousands, and the
kernels carefully gone over
for purposes of selection.

In corn growing, as in
other plant life, the best re-
sults coming from constant
selection — the best of each
year's crop raised from the
best of last year's — is em-
ployed for planting.

Usually the business meet-
ings of the association close
with a big banquet, at which
corn figures in every item on
the menu. At a recent one

this was the bill of fare:
Corn soup, com pone, com
tamales, corn grits. Johnny-
cake, corn pudding, corn
sauce, corn cake, corn-fed
beef, corn coffee, and corn
ice cream.

The cooking contest is not
an unimportant part of the
big show. Its object is to
stimulate girls to demon-
strate their knowledge of
housewifery. The domestic
science schools have shown
the fallacy of the old claim
that cooks are born, not
made.
Cooking Recipes Furnished.

Carefully edited and lime-
tried recipes are furnished
the contestants. The en-
tries have been widened to
admit of the exhibition of
canned fruits and jellies and
of specimen needlework.
The latter include work
aprons, fancy aprons, sofa
pillow covers, dressed dolls,
and specimens of patching
or darning.

In the collective exhibits
whole schools often join in
showing the product of the
soil, the results of the efforts
of the cooks and eanners
and the skilfulness of the
needle workers and of the
boys with tools.

Before winners receive
awards they must furnish
affidavits from parents or
guardians testifying that
they have complied with all
requirements and that the
articles exhibited are those
grown or made by them.
They must also make reports.

IN NEW YORK SCHOOLS

CORN GROWING IN NEBRASKA

— Phila. North American.

They Teach Dancing and
Mud-Pie Making and

Other "New FriUs."
The rational cultivation
of pleasure, as against the
unlicensed and unregu-
lated resort to it by chil-
dren and youth, as well as
persons of all ages, may
do much in other direc-
tions for the same end as
the agricultural premium
schemes. The following

410

THE PANDEX

from the Broadway Magazine of New York
is an illustration :

They are teaching — I think I had better tell
you in a whisper — they are teaching dancing!
Yes, it is so. There are sturdy Knickerbocker
fathers who would turn over in their graves if
they heard about it — such a sinful waste of
public moneys! It is to be hoped they will not
hear about it, for goodness knows there is stir
enough already.

It used to be a most popular pastime to make
mud pies. That was because the cook or your
mother would not have you "mixing messes" in
the kitchen. So you cheerfully mixed mud out
of doors and set it to bake in the sun along the
fence rail. Do you remember? I do. And I
remember one particular occasion when a certain
little girl enthusiastically watching such a baking
forgot how dangerously near the school hour was
drawing, and as a consequence she was "late."
Her punishment for allowing inclinations domes-
tic to interfere with duty was that she had to be
stood in front of the whole school as an example,
and it was told right out to them all what a bad
little girl she had been.

Now, it is different to-day. The New York
public school system looks at the matter in an-
other light. It says, "We are glad to see, dear
child, that you want to make pies. Come right
in and we will let you make real ones and you
shall be taught to make them in the very best
way. ' '

ENGLISH IN PORTO RICO

Spanish Teaching Has Been Almost Entirely
Supplanted.

The extension of the American educa-
tional system to the colonial dependencies
of the Government is described as follows
in the Chicago Record-Herald :

Washington, D. C. — Mr. Faulkner, superin-
tendent of education in Porto Rico, tells me that
the children in that island are learning English
rapidly, and are very keen in their desire to
acquire that accomplishment. At fii-st nothing
but Spanish was taught in the schools. Then the
children were given a little English on the side.
Now in nearly all the cities and towns instruc-
tion is given in English only, and English text-
books alone are used by resolution of the local
school authorities. In the high schools and nor-
mal schools the English language is used ex-
clusively, and the coming generation will all be
able to talk English.

"In the towns and cities," continued Mr.
Faulkner, "the English language is taught by
native Porto Ricans who have acquired a good
knowledge of that tongue since the occupation.
In the villages of the interior the people are not
so progressive, and nearly all instruction is given
in Spanish by native teachei-s. This is due chiefly.

liowever, to the inability of the native teachers
to talk English; but, as the old teachers of the
Spanish regime retire and are replaced by a
younger and more progressive generation, English
instruction will be extended. At the time of the
occupation we found about six hundred teachers
at work in the schools of the island, not one of
whom could talk or read English. Their services
were retained, but they are being gradually re-
placed by younger teachers who have been edu-
cated in modern methods in the normal schools.
The Spanish teachers still adhere to the ancient
and primitive methods which are entirely out of
date, and for that reason are disqualified for
modern schools. We found it not only expedient
but necessary to retain them until they could be
replaced by younger pfeople who had been trained
in our normal schools. The change took place in
the cities first, and is just beginning in the rural
districts, because, as you will understand, we had
to train the teachers.

HAD TO WASH TEACHER'S CLOTHES

Hoboken Lad Explains to Court Why He Ran
Away From School.

New York. — Charges that, if substantiated,
would make it seem that at least one public
school teaclier had followed the idea of combin-
ing practical work with studies were made by
twelve-year-old Willie Planer before Recorder
Stanton in Hoboken.

The boy said he had run away from school
because the teacher had compelled him three
times a week to come to her room and clean it,
besides washing her clothing and doing other
household work.

Willie was not a prisoner, but his father,
William Planer, was brought into court by an
agent of the Society for the Prevention of
Cruelty to Children, charged with beating the
boy.

The father said his reason for this was because
the boy refused to go to school. Then came
Willie's startling explanation. An investigation
is in progress. — Chicago Inter-Ocean.

CAN NOT KEEP HIS TEACHERS

Minnesota Superintendent Plays Losing Game
With Cupid.

One of the most difficult elements in the
way of perfecting the educational benefits
is the care and pay of the teachers. The
following from the Chicago Inter-Ocean
gives a phase of this subject :

Brainerd, Minn. — Prosperity and Cupid have
the whiphand over the teachers of the rural
schools in Crow Wing County, and Superinten I-

THE PANDEX

411

412

THE PANDEX

ent Wilson is having a hard time to keep the
ranks filled. He reports that four teachers
already have resigned contracts to take charge of
one school, and that a fifth resignation is soon to
follow.

NEW YORK TEACHERS' LOT.

PROPOSES NEW CURFEW LAWS

National Curfew Association Uses Influence on
Legislatures.

The tendency toward increased govern-
mental supervision over childhood is shown
in the following from the Chicago Inter-
Ocean :

Louisville, Ky. — President Hogeland, of the
National Curfew Association, by direction of the
executive board, mailed to the executives of all
states and territories five laws originating with
the association, and, where not in conflict with
like laws already in force, they are requested to
secure the enactment of the same. One of these
is the curfew, requiring that all children, unless
accompanied by parents, be oflE the streets after
certain hours at night. A second law, preventing
the imprisonment of all youths with old criminals.
A third requiring police and officials of state,
county and city to apprehend and restore to their
homes all runaway youths. Fourth, "the open-
ing of employment bureaus in the clerks' offices
of counties in all states." Some ten Legislatures
have this law in force. Reports from agents
show that thousands of mechanics, servant girls,
factory hands, in many cases professional men
also, and farmers desiring tenants, are benefited.

FATHER WHO' CREMATED CHILD

Mayor Pardons Poverty-stricken Man, and $200
Is Raised for Him.

Chicago. — The sad story of Charles Peterson,
the father who carried the body of his infant
child to a foundry and there cremated it in a
furnace because he was unable to raise the money
to pay funeral expenses, has appealed to the
sympathy of Chicago's people. Mayor Dunne
was among the first to act and on learning the
circumstances he quickly signed a pardon for the
man, who had been fined $25 for violating the
burial laws.

The situation of the Petersons, trying enough
under the buffets of poverty and illness, was
brought to a crisis with the death of the child on
December 27.

"We had no money and were in debt for
groceries, coal, and our furniture," Mrs. Peter-
son said. "My husband had been sick for two
months in the fall. I had worked, but the bills
took all our money."

A fund of $200 was raised. — New York World.

Hall Bedrooms and Shrunken Finances Make
Misery Extreme.

The conditions in New York, as con-
trasted with those in Illinois, are thus de-
scribed in the New York Herald:

There are prison cells, coal bins, broom closets,
box stalls, and other contracted and gloomy en-
closures scattered thickly about New York. But
there are no spaces enclosed by four walls that
are quite so contracted or so gloomy as the hall
bedrooms for which the city is justly famed.
These indescribably dreary places are the epitome
of penury, the depth of loneliness, the quintes-
sence of discomfort, the last and most impreg-
nable stronghold of universal 'blues.' Nothing
except insanity and a sense of humor is proof
against the menacing and crushing influence of
the hall bedroom, and it comes close to making
the madman mercilessly sane and to turning the
humorist into a misanthrope. In its dingy, hope-
less domain, the wretched 'roomer' feels I he
gloom of an Arctic night — deep and intermin-
able, settle and settle to stay; feels, too, the nar-
row walls closing in hourly like those tort.ire
walls in Poe's dreadful story.

The hall bedroom is the haunt of clerks,
students. Art League aspirants, embryo musical
geniuses, and teachfcrs. They are all miserable
students, clerks, and actors, but the most miser-
able of these, are the teachers.

I don't quite know why the hall bedroom is
worse for the teachers than the others, but an
inert pathos shows its biting depression much
more permeating and irrecoverable in their cases.
Perhaps it is that the others either hope for ad-
vancement or are satisfied with humble things,
while the teachers are educated beyond the com-
moner needs, and yet eternally doomed to live
in rooms as unkind and rudimentary as iron bars
or mud walls.

The clerks and saleswomen and drummers and
telephone operators and cashiers and stenograph-
ers and the rest of the various tribes that land-
ladies ticket as 'business' and 'commercial' may
each, roughly speaking, be divided into two
classes, those who are determined to better them-
selves either in their own line or by a shrewd at-
tention to the opportunity when it chances to
come ; those who are content with their positions
live modestly within their small incomes and save
up a little of it each week, on which they intend
to retire some day and live even more cheaply
somewhere in the country. The students, whether
of art, music, science, medicine, or other special
branches of work, are all of necessity more or
less idealists. They are all absolutely certain
that they are going to succeed and that this hall-
bedroom era is going to be nothing but a bad
dream. Each man or woman of them all paints
the walls of his or her tiny chamber with glowing
pictures of splendid fortunes. They see visions
and hear voices and dream dreams. And on the

THE PANDEX

413

strength of these satisfying assurances of their
own ambitious hopes they can be fairly cheerful
in their little rat holes — can tack up posters
gayly and make tea over a gas jet, with a jest
that helps their appetites.

Not so the teacher — especially the girl teacher.
She gets less pay than the busy clerks or the pert
telephone operators, the smartly gowned stenog-
raphers, the haughty, haughty salesladies. She
has no dreams of excelling wonderfully in her
own work and winning fame and fortune thereby
like the students. All she knows is that if she is
painstaking and industrious and does not fall
behind, nor otherwise jeopardize her chances, her
six hundred dollars per annum may take unto it-
self forty dollars more every year, so that in five
years after she begins work she may be earning
seven hundred and sixty dollars a year.

There are higher positions which, after a long
time, she might come to fill acceptably, with
higher salaries and heavier responsibilties. But
they are not many, these better posts, nor are
they in any sense sinecures. Besides, there are,
meanwhile, some chances to consider. She may
get pneumonia some bitter morning hurrying to
school through the slush, or she may drink plen-
tiful typhoid germs in the bad boarding-house
water, or she may get nervous and cross and be
'transferred' — perhaps even 'removed' — or she
may simply 'go under.'

Go Under in New York.

In India when a man dies at his post they say
he 'went out.' In New York people merely 'go
under.' One never hears whether they die or
not. They drop from the ship's rigging, and the
water closes over them. It may mean starvation,
or consumption, or nervous prostration, or in-
sanity, or demoralization, or loss of nerve, or loss
of self-respect, or just plain death. But any of
these things is quite possible, and to be reckoned
with every morning and every evening of every
day in the hall bedroom when you are a teacher
earning just $600 a year.

For the New York girl the conditions, except
in isolated cases, are a little better. The most
of them live with their families or friends, and
they are certainly no worse and probably better
off than before they began to teach. Throughout
their training they have been able to live at home,
and they continue to live at home when they
enter upon their work in the public schools.
Moreover, the charter governing educational in-
terests in New York stipulates that resident
teachers shall have first choice of school posts
In other words, the city girls can apply for and
get appointments to posts in the neighborhood of
their own homes. It is hardly necessary to add
that there are usually fewer vacancies in Man-
hattan than in any other borough in New York.

The person who suffers by all this is the out-of-
town girl who comes to New York to teach. She
comes eagerly, full of joy at the opportunity
offered by a great metropolis; by the lure of the
libraries and the lecture halls, by the promise of
the thousand advantages of New York life. One
of two things happens to her— she may be sent

into Richmond, Bronx, or Queensborough, in some
tiny village more countrified than the country
place from which she hails, or she may get some
chance vacant Manhattan post that has been
unexpectedly left vacant by a resident.

The first of these two possibilities is, of course,
infinitely better, since she saves her money and
nerves and does not have the living problem so
vitally before her day in and day out. But natu-
rally she does not see this. She mourns for her
lost chances at the Lenox and the Pedagogic Li-
brary, near Washington Square; at the Metro-
politan Museum of Art and at all the other
shrines of erudition and learning which she has
visualized in her dreams. And she writes to her
friends in Springville or Treetown who had also
planned to come to New York to teach to just
change their minds and stay at home.

The girl whom she envies — the girl who did
get a New York position- — has an hour of elation
perhaps — the one immediately following her ap-
pointment. After that, if she has hours of elation
it is because she is very young and enthusiastic
or very conscientious and interested in her work
for its own sake.

She finds herself confronted with the living
problems instantly, where to sleep, where to eat,
how to dress, how to get about; in other words,
what to do, in every hour of the day, in such a
position as to spend the least money possible. She
experiments with lodgings, getting her own
breakfast and dining at a forty-cent Italian res-
taurant. But seven times forty is two dollars
and eighty cents for dinners alone ! Besides,
half the time she is too sleepy and too hurried in
the morning to make coffee, and her luncheon of
a glass of milk and a sandwich is only a straw
to a drowning woman.

Then she joins a number of girls in a house-
keeping-apartment scheme. This is better, but
one or another drops out and the rest feel it im-
practicable to run it on the increased scale of
individual expense. • Perhaps she tries some
model woman's hotel, too, before she brings up at
her final turn — the inevitable, final end of lone
and impecunious woman seeking a place to live —
the cheap boarding house and the hall bedroom.

She is able, practising these great primal econ-
omies, those of board and lodging, to dress neatly
enough for her position and to take a car when
the weather is bad. If one is extravagantly in-
clined she may subscribe to an educational period-
ical and a newspaper. For amusements she has
free lectures and libraries and the art galleries
on holidays. She may walk in the park for
nothing, by the blessing of heaven and an une-
qually generous city. Beyond these things, un-
less she be a contriver with a touch of genius
about her contriving, she has no amusements, al-
ways excepting the Sunday teas or occasional
evenings spent with friends, who, like herself,
are usually too tired and too shoo-centered to be
much of a diversion. So she, too, writes to her
friends at home to give up al! ":!■ !.!.,-

in New York, and to 1" -.r stone-

cutting or some nice. ; ■ •■ work —

teaching in Manhattan is too nard.

414

THE PANDEX

MEN TEACHERS HIGHER

Two Organized New York Bodies Meet to Plan
a Campaign.

Pressure toward better treatment of the
men teachers, at least, is reflected in the fol-
lowing from the New York Times:

Higher salaries for men teachers in the public
schools were planned at meetings of the School-
men at the Hotel St. Denis and of the Govern-
ment Board of the Male Principals' Association
at the Broadway Central Hotel last night. The
men want their wages to go up with the increase
in the cost of living.

At the meeting of the Schoolmen, an associa-
tion of men teachei-s, a special committee, which
was appointed to make a thorough investigation
of conditions, submitted a tentative plan. They
estimated it would take $250,000 to put the plan
into operation. They suggested that in the classes
of the last two years in the elementary schools
men alone be permitted to teach, and that in
classes below the fifth year no men be allowed.

They also presented a graded system of salaries
ranging from the minimum of $900 a year to the
maximum of $3000 a year. This system provided
for men teachers in the classes of the fifth and
sixth years at $900 to $1160 ; in the seventh and
in the first class of the eighth year, at from $900
to $2400, and in the last class of the eighth year,
commonly known as the gi-aduating class, at from
$900 to $3000. Under the present system a man
teacher starts on $900, and after thirteen years
of service or after ten years if he takes special
examinations, receives the maximum of $2400.

STATE MUST STOP CHILD WORK OR NA-
TION WILL— ROOSEVELT

President, in Letter to Consumers' League, Says
Drastic Action Will Result.

Further efforts .to re-enforce the federal
movement against child labor are thus set
forth in the Chicago Tribune :

New York. — A letter from President Roosevelt
to Mrs. Maud Nathan, president of the Consum-
ers' League, was read at the annual meeting of
the League in this city. The President wrote that
if state authorities did not do their duty in mat-
ters of so vital importance as child labor there
was no choice but for the National Government
to interfere. The letter follows:

' ' Permit me, through you, to express my 'ear-
nest hope for the success of the Consumers'
League. You are doing work that should appeal
peculiarly to every good citizen, for those you
befriend are greatly in need of friends and are
not powerful enough to stand up for themselves.
I am particularly interested in your efforts to
improve the conditions under which working girls
do their work in the great shops, and I have, of

course, an especial interest in your effort to
combat the evils of child labor.

"There is much outcry, chiefiy, I think, from
the beneficiaries of abuses, against interference
by the National Government with work which
should be done by the state governments. I
would rather have the local authorities themselves
attend to any evil, and therefore I would rather
have the state authorities work out such reforms
when possible, but if the state authorities do not
do as they should in matters of such vital im-
portance to the whole nation as this of child
labor, then there will be no choice but for the
National Government to interfere."

MILLIONAIRE ADOPTS BABY

Atlantic Man, Regretting He Has No Heir, Takes
Child From Parent.

New York. — By a stroke of Judge Gaynor's pen
Alfred McLaren, a baby two and one-half years
old, whose mother is too poor to keej) him, has
become the adopted son of Alfred Adams, Jr.,
who is worth at least $1,500,000.

Mr. Adams has a temporary residence at 284
Washington Street, Brooklyn, but his home is in
Atlantic City, where he owns much real estate
and has a vast bathing pavilion.

The greatest regret of Mr. Adams' life was
that he had no son to perpetuate his name and
to inherit his money. He finally determined to
adopt a baby.

Mr. Adams signed his consent to adopt and
Mrs. McLaren signed her agreement to surrender
the child before a commissioner of deeds. — Chi-
cago Inter-Ocean.

"$10,000,000 BABY" TAUGHT TO RIDE

Now Aged Seven, is Guarded by Two Men Lest
He Take a Fall.

Newport, Rhode Island. — John Nicholas Brown,
the "ten-million-dollar baby," now grown to a
sturdy boy of seven, is learning to ride a $1000
pony. Unlike the youngsters on the farm who
climb on a colt bareback and fall off, none the
worse for the fall, young John Nicholas is not
permitted to risk his neck at all. Two men
guard him every time he goes out for a riding
lesson.

The $1000 pony is haltered and led by a stal-
wart riding master and another attendant keeps
abreast of the pony. This man rides a bicycle,
which, fortunately for Master John, does not
seem to disturb the gentle pony in the least. In
spite of all his handicaps the boy rides well and
gives promise of becoming a horseman.

Private tutors are leading John Nicholas on
the road to learning, but he is a very democratic
little chap, nevertheless, and no poor boy is too
ragged to approach him. His mother does not
limit him to playmates of the millionaire class. —
New York World.

THE PANDBX

415

RESIGNED WHEN PUPIL BEAT HER

School Teacher in New Jersey Mistreated by
Conspiracy of Trustees.

Parents in South Plainfield, N. J., are indig-
nant over the forced resignation of Miss Mar-
garet Steele, a teacher in the public school there.
Miss Steele resigned on Friday after a boy pupil
had brutally attacked her, and the Board of
Trustees and Principal Mescal had failed to
punish the youth, who is a grandson of one of
the trustees.

Miss Steele's resignation is the culmination of
trouble which began last September. Lloyd Har-
ris, grandson of J. F. Ten Eyck, a trustee, has
been especially annoying, and every "effort made
by Miss Steele to discipline the youngster met
with a rebuke from the Board of Trustees and
Principal Mescal, it is said.

Openly Defy Their Teacher.

Other boy pupils followed the example set by
Harris and openly defied their teacher. Wheu
the disorderly pupils were sent to Principal Mes-
cal for punishment they were treated kindly, it
is alleged, and told to return to the class-room
and pa,y no attention to the teacher.

As Miss Steele had no power to punish the
boys, she had to submit to their insults. It is
charged that a member of the Board of Trustees
circulated the report that Miss Steele was abus-
ing her pupils, and many parents advised their
children to act as they thought best. As a con-
se(|uence they jeered at their teacher and talked

out loud during school hours. When she rebuked
them they laughed at her.

Last Friday Miss Steele told the boys that she
could not attempt to teach them unless they be-
haved themselves. A burst of laughter followed.
One of the boys asked the teacher if she thought
she was running a kindergarten class.

Miss Steele was convinced that Lloyd Harris
was the boy who answered her and she decided
to punish him. She ordered the boy to come to
her desk, but he refused to move. The teacher
went to his seat and caught him by the shoulder.

"I won't move unless you let go of me," sul-
lenly said the boy.

Boy Strikes His Teacher.

Miss Steele relea.sed the lad and immediately
he began to punch her. Miss Steele sank to the
floor, weeping, and appealed to the other pupils
to defend her. None of them moved.

When she had recovered herself the teacher
ordered Lloyd Harris to go to the office of Prin-
cipal Mescal. She reported all that had occurred
to the principal and left the boy with him. The
lad was given a seat in the principal's office and
told to study his lessons there. That was the
extent of his punishment.

Miss Steele announced that she would not hear
the lessons of any of her children unless the
Board of Trustees took action on the charge
against Lloyd Harris. The boy was not pun-
ished. Miss Steele resigned and a special meet-
ing of the Board of Trustees was called to accept
her resignation. Broken in health and sick at
lieart, the teacher left on Saturday for her home
in Oswego, N. Y. — New York World.

Real Shakespeare Found?

GERMAN SAVANTS BELIEVE HIM TO HAVE BEEN ROGER, EARL

OF RUTLAND.

THE unwillingness of those who think
highly of the possibilities of education
to believe that crude genius can ever equal
that of trained talent continues to busy it-
self with the question of the identity of

Shakespeare. The latest exploitations in
this direction were described as follows in
the New York American :

One of the greatest German scholars has
advanced the strongest argument yet put
forth to prove that another person than

416

THE PANDEX

William Shakespeare wrote the plays which bear
the latter 's name. This time it is not Bacon.

The scholar is Dr. Karl Bleibtreu, and the
author of the plays, according to his argument, is
Roger, Earl of Rutland, a great nobleman and
patron of letters of the Elizabethan age.

The inherent improbability that William
Shakespeare, of Stratford-on-Avon, wrote the
plays attributed to him has long been admitted
by many, probably the majority of Shakespear-
ean scholars. Shakespeare was the son of a
butcher, little more than a peasant in social sta-
tion. The boy had a brief and, even for that
age, ridiculously imperfect education at a village
school. He was an inattentive and unruly boy,
playing truant, staying away from church on
Sundays, and poaching in, the squire's park.

At an early age he became acquainted with the
stage in an inferior capacity and afterwards he
was an actor and a stage manager. This was an
occupation requiring a very moderate degree of
ability and education in that age, when the rep-
resentation of a castle upon the stage was indi-
cated by a board bearing the notice, "Here is
the castle," every other scene being represented
with equal facility. The arduous part of the
work consisted in maintaining some kind of dis-
cipline among the actors, who were an unspeak-
ably disreputable lot and in bringing them to the
performance in a reasonable state of sobriety.
Trouble was also exptrienced in keeping order
among the spectators in the pit, who were a vil-
lainous crowd with very nasty habits. The few
persons of gentle birth who attended the per-
foi-mance sat upon the stage and corrected the
actors whenever they thought it desirable.

The occupation of the stage manager, it will be
seen, was one that required little artistic skill or
education, but, on the other hand, one that kept
him very busy, which may also be said of a suc-
cessful bartender's labors to-day. It left the
stage manager little time for study or literary
work, and was in its nature extremely unfavor-
able to such pursuits. Moreover, the references
to Shakespeare's life show that he was a man of
very intemperate habits, who was probably in-
toxicated three or four nights out of every week.
He spent all the time he could spare from his
stage work in the Mermaid Tavern and other low
taverns, which were very numerous in London,
and which were kept open all night, while mur-
der and all sorts of villainies were perpetrated.

It is hardly conceivable that a man of Shake-
speare's early life, education, occupation, and
daily habits should have written an enormous
series of plays, which not only exhibit the pro-
foundest knowledge of human character and the
loftiest poetical fancy ever shown by man, but
also a perfect familiarity with court life and the
manners of good society and a vast knowledge of
history, law, arts, sciences, the classics, geology,
philosophy, and many other subjects. The dram-
atist's works prove the author to have been one
of the most cultivated men of his time, and yet
we know that William Shakespeare was an uned-
ucated boor and drunkard.

The foregoing facts have led to several at-
tempts to prove that other persons of the Eliza-

bethan age wrote Shakespeare's plays. Note-
worthy was the effort to fix their authorship upon
Francis Bacon, thfc philosopher, an effort aided
by the curious cipher theory of Mr. Ignatius
Donnelly, the American congressman. These at-
tempts have been dismissed as unsatisfactory by
Shakesperean scholars.

Nevertheless the inherent improbability that
William Shakespeare wrote the plays attributed
to him remains quite unaffected. A new effort to
prove their authorship by some other person is
therefore entitled to attention. Dr. Karl Bleib-
treu, who undertakes to furnish this proof, is one
of the greatest contemporary German writers on
literature and history, and it must be remem-
bered that Germany has produced the foremost
Shakespearean scholars. Dr. Bleibtreu is the
author of many valuable works, including "A
History of English Literature," "Cromwell at
Marston Moor," and "The Byron Secret."

Roger Manners, Earl of Rutland, the man to
whom Dr. Bleibtreu ascribes all the plays at-
tributed to William Shakespeare, was born on
October 6, 1576, and was the son-in-law of Sir
Philip Sidney, the mirror of chivalry. Romance
clusters about the Manners family. It was one
member of it who married the famous Dorothy
Vernon, of Haddon Hall, through whom the Rut-
lands became the heirs of the Vernon family.

Interest is added to Dr. Bleibtreu 's theory by
the fact that his author has Welshmen descend-
ants living in England to-day. The head of the
family is the present Duke of Rutland, who i^
well known to Americans as the father of the
beautiful Lady Marjorie Manners. The Duke
possesses two of the most beautiful old country
places in England — Belvoir Castle and Haddon
Hall. Dr. Bleibtreu believes that among the fam-
ily archives at these places documents will be
found proving absolutely that Roger, Earl of
Rutland, wrote the Shakespearean plays.

Dr. Bleibtreu starts by taking up the intimate
knowledge of various countries — especially
France, Italy, and Denmark — which the author
of the plays shows. Shakespeare, who spent most
of his time drinking in the Mermaid Tavern, and
who, according to all evidence, never left En-
gland, could not have obtained this knowledge.
On the other hand, the Earl of Rutland was a
great traveler. He started on a grand tour of
Europe in 1596. He visited France and Italy
and lived for considerable periods in Verona,
Venice, Mantua, Rome, Milan, and Padua. This
would account for the local knowledge displayed
in "The Two Gentlemen of Verona," "Romeo
and Juliet," "The Merchant of Venice," and
other plays of which the scenes are laid in Italy.

In many of the plays the author shows a re-
markably accurate knowledge of the principles
and phraseology of English and foreign law.
There is no evidence that Shakespeare ever
studied anything. The Earl of Rutland was a
law student at the University of Padua, and after
his return to England he became a student at
Gray's Inn, London, where his name is still in-
scribed.

In "The Tempest" the author shows a famil-
iarity with tropical scenery and climatic eondi-

THE PANDEX

417

tions. How could a man whose days and nights
were passed at the Mermaid Tavern in London
acquire this knowledge? The Earl of Rutland
accompanied the Earl of Essex in his expedition
to the Azores, where they suffered many ship-
wrecks and gained experience which furnishes
the beautiful setting and imagery of this play.

The author of the plays makes frequent refer-
ences to the peculiar Dutch scenery, and its
Dutch domestic life, which would hardly have
occurred to an Englishman who had not seen
these things. The Earl of Rutland fought with
Sidney in Holland against the Spaniards.

From 1601 to 1603 no single Shakespearean
play appeared. The Earl of Rutland was not at
liberty in those years; in 1601 he was sentenced
to lifelong imprisonment, but only remained in
prison till 1603. This is significant.

In 1603 the Earl went to Denmark to attend
the baptism of the Danish crown prince as the
representative of King James I. Hf thereby
gained the local color and remarkable knowledge
of Denmark which appear in 'Hamlet.' This
visit to the royal family accounts for the de-
tailed description of the Castle of Elsinore and
its terraces which is given in 'Hamlet.' Shake-
speare, the stage manager, never went to Den-
mark, and if he had done so he would hardly have
been a guest at the royal palace.

It is singular that an Englishman living in an
age when historical learning was meager should
have had a considerable knowledge of ancient
Danish history. This could only have been ac-
quired from educated ^ Danes. Dr. Bleibtreu
shows that the Earl of Rutland, while at Elsi-
nore, actually met the Barons Guildenstern and
Rosencranz, two characters whose names appear
in 'Hamlet.' Moreover, he had been a fellow-
student at Padua of the young Baron Rosen-
cranz.

The last Shakespearean dramas, 'Coriolanus'

and 'The Tempest' appeared in 1612, and the
Earl of Rutland died on June 26 of that year.
Dr. Bleibtreu considers the fact that the dramas
ceased in the year the Earl died as the most con-
vincing evidence of all that he wrote them, be-
cause William Shakespeare himself lived until
1616.

Dr. Bleibtreu gives in detail the reasons which
led the Earl of Rutland to conceal his authorship
under another's name. The stage was extremely
disreputable in those days, and persons of gentle
birth never descended to playwriting', although
they frequently wrote poetry. It would have
caused a tremendous scandal if a very great no-
bleman had turned playwright. Moreover, the
author dealt very largely with historical subjects,
many of them directly connected with the reign
in which he lived. For a man in the Earl's posi-
tion to have done this would have immediately
excited the attention of the queen and of his
enemies at court. That was a time when the
smallest error of judgment or false move in what
corresponded to our political life might have led
to execution at the Tower of London. The pa-
thetic description of the downfall of Cardinal
Wolsey, under Henry VIII, Queen Elizabeth's
father, where the Cardinal says:

"Had I but served my God with half the zeal
I served my king. He would not in mine age
Have left me naked to mine enemies"
would surely have angered the reigning quetn.

These historical references alone seem to fur-
nish an ample reason why the Earl of Rutland
chose to conceal his identity, but Dr. Bleibtreu
gives many others.

The Earl found it safer to conceal himself be-
hind the personality of the obscure and some-
what disreputable William Shakespeare than to
publish his works anonymously or pseudony-
mously. At least that is the view of Dr. Bleib-
treu.

MY PRECIOUS ONE.

My love, she is the fairest,
The sweetest and the rarest !
I would die beneath her frown.
She's the dearest thing in town.
She's a woman in a thousand —
Dollar gown.

How I love her who can tell?
I'm enchanted by her spell.
My passion none condemns, •
My ardor nothing stems.
She 's a woman in ten thousand-
Dollar gems.

That she lives, sweet Heaven I bless;
And I long for her dear "Yes."
How she shines above the mass,
My most fascinating lass.
She's a woman in a million —
Dollar class!
— Martha Young in New York Times.

418

THE PANDEX

AHni^nRBFjk.Ro$$iA^/ imisiTinK'

BARBAROUS

TORTURE

OF A

YOUNG WOMAN

BEATEN FOR DAYS

AN ALMOST INCREDIBLE TALE

RESPONSIBLE RUSSIAN EDITOR DESCRIBES THE WHIPPING OF A
BEAUTIFUL REVOLUTIONARY SUSPECT.

HOWEVER grinding may be the effect of
the operations of The System upon the
conditions of American workmen, and how
€ver impassioned may be the class feelings
which may ultimately develop in the con-
flict of capital and labor, not even the most
pessimistic look for anj' such developments
as are told in the following narrative from
Russia, as published in the New York
World :

That the horrors of mediaeval torture had been
revived in Russia has bfeen more than hinted at
in press dispatches on several occasions, but the
rigid censorship that obtains in Russia and the
manifest difficulty in obtaining verification of
these stories have hitherto left tlie matter in

doubt. The story of tht treatment of Nika de
Smirnoff by Cossack inquisitors seemed too ter-
rible to be true, though the girl was photographed
after her ordeal and the photographs appear on
this page. Here, however, is new evidence — an
authentic case described almost at first hand by a
thoroughly reliable and conservative newspaper
man who was detailed by the Russ, a liberal jour-
nal of St. Petersburg, to investigate the ease.

"My story will shock the civilized world,"
says the writer, with an intensity of feeling
justified by his narrative.

Mr. Wladimiroflf had to flee from Russia,, for
the Seei'et Service discovered that he was in-
vestigating the horrors they were practicing. He
had incurred their enmity also by publishing the
facts about the tortures of Maria Spiridonova,
but this case which he now discloses makes that
seem mild. Here is M. Wladimiroff's narrative:

Stories of the torture in the citadel of Warsaw

THE PANDEX

419

havfc been current for a year or more. I was
sent in the greatest secrecy by the Russ to inves-
tigate their truth. I talked with innumerable
private persons of all social classes and parties;
with those who had suffered directly, and also
with several officials in a position to know every-
thing.

This story is no worse than many others of its
kind. I had the details largely from the lips of
an older woman prisoner who had spent several
months in daily converse with the tortured and
dying girl. Her character and antecedents were
learned from her neighbors and her family, and
I secured supporting evidence in plenty from
persons connected with the government itself.

Here are the facts in the case: A young man
named Rottkopf, a citizen of Riga, went to visit
a friend who lived, as most Russians live in the
larger cities, in an apartment-house containing
a number of families. Now, most unfortunately
for Rottkopf, just before his visit a bomb had
been fonnd by the police secreted in one of the
flats. Suspicion pointed to Rottkopf 's friend.
He was promptly arrested, and as a friend of the
suspected man Rottkopf was arrested also.

Now, Rottkopf had a sister, a young* girl of
eighteen. She, you must remember, had com-
mitted no crime. No such charge was brought
against her, but she was the sister of a friend
of a suspected man, and that was enough for
the police. The very evening of her brother's
arrest she went out to drink tea with some
friends in company with her younger brother.
The police descended upon the house and she
was arrested without even a chance to change
her evening clothes or to take linen along She
had committed no crime; she did not even know
why she was imprisoned or of what crime the
zealous police suspected her.

She was put in a solitary cell in a secret apart-
ment of the Warsaw citadel. A sentinel was
placed within ; the cell was bare with the excep-
tion of a stool and a small table. There was no
bed. The bare stone floor was meant for a sleep-
ing place. The sudden transition from the cheer-
ful company of friends into the severe and
gloomy surroundings of the dungeon stunned the
girl. She comprehended nothing for quite a
while. She sat in a corner of the cell lost in
thought. From this condition she was suddenly
awakened by the- indifferent voice of the sentinel :
"Wake up! You will soon be taken to be tor-
tured. ' '

She was thunderstruck by the words. She
had heard before that people were tortured here,
but she did not believe it; she did not want to
believe it, and considered the rumors as imag-
inary fears. But these words were real ; they
were spoken so matter-of-factly that they left
no room to doubt their true meaning. She started
to run up and down the cell like a frightened
caged animal; tormenting questions burned her
brain: Is it true, then? The rack does exist,
and she will soon be tortured ! What for ?
Where is justice? Where is right? The poor
girl was tormented by the cruel uncertainty, by

this expectation of something awful which she
was to experience on herself.

Suddenly the cell door opened, the chief in-
spector entered, said a few words to the guard,
and she was led through a number of poorly lit
corridors and into a small room, where an oil
lamp was feebly flickering. "Listen attentively,
and you will understand ! ' ' said the guard rudely
as he left the room and bolted the door.

In the Torture Chamber.

A deathly silence reigned in the room. She
tried to catch the least sound, the least motion,
to discern the least token of life, but all was still,
as the grave. Suddenly she heard some voices in
the adjacent room, and through the thin parti-
tion she could distinctly hear all that was spoken
there. She felt her heart sink within her, as
among many other voices she recognized her
brother's voice. Then there was the sound of a
heavy blow, a thud from the falling of a human
body, and her brother's outcry?

Her heart was beating fast. She understood
that she was alongside of the torture chamber,
where her brother was brought in to be tortured,
and that she was put there in order to be tortured
by the pangs and sufferings of her dearly beloved
brother.

Then fell in quick succession a number of
heavy blows, followed by his desperate outcries.
The pain must have been unbearable — he s-eemed
to be gasping for breath. His tormentors did
not stop, however, but continued beating him
for a long time. The blows fell thick and heavy,
and his outcries turned into desperate screams,
into wild heartbreaking sounds of one losing his
reason under the influence of terribly unendur-
able, inhuman pain. And the poor girl had to
hear it all, to feel his terrrible pain and to know
that she was powerless to stay the hands of his
tormentors.

Finally the cries ceased. Were the hangmen
tired or was her brother dead? Her heart full
of anguish, she pressed her ear against the parti-
tion in an effort to catch the least sound of his
voice. At that moment one of the executioners
entered the room and she began begging him to
tell her what had become of her brother. Was
he alive? Why was he tortured? What for?
But it was in vain to expect human feeling in a
hangman. Could the suffering of a young girl
touch his heart ? To her beseeching he replied
rudely, laughing: "If you will not inform us
all about your brother and the rest of your
friends, the same will be done to you. Then
you will find out what became of him and whether
he is still alive."

He then ordered her to follow him and she was
led back into her former cell, where she was left
to pass the night on the bare floor. But she did
not close her eyes the whole night. In a dull
stupor, thoughtless, motionless, she sat in a
corner till morning.

The guard was all the time within, never for a
moment leaving her. In the morning some black
bread and water were brought to her; no other
food through the whole day. But she could

420

THE PANDEX

not touch a mouthful. As soon as night
came on she was again taken into the room
where she had been the previous night, and again
she had to live through the same horrors of
the past night. She heard almost continuousiy
the screams and sobs of her brother. These sobs
rent the poor girl's soul. After her brother's
cries she heard others; she heard the sobs of
another man and instinctively recognized the
voice of a dear friend, a man whom she knew
well and who was very near to her. That was
the second night.

The third night she was again taken to listen
to the sobs of the tortured; but that night she
remembers as a horrible nightmare, which she
could not distinguish from reality. She did not
hear her brother's cries any more; others of her
friends were being tortured. She felt that she'
was losing her reason and she wished for death.

The fourth night she was again taken into this
room. The chief executioner, organizer and di-
rector of these tortures. Green (a direct trans-
lation of the Russian name), cam* in and pro-
posed that she inform him about her brother
and confess all her own crimes.

But what crimes? She has done nothing crim-
inal ; she is still so young ; she knows nothing
criminal either of her brother or her other friends.
What could she confess?

Upon getting her negative answer she was led
into the adjacent room, from which those screams
had come forth the preceding nights. It was a
small room with two windows. In the center
stood a table ; on it were wooden and rubber
canes. There was gendarme officer Ivanoff with
ten secret police agents. Many held canes in
their hands. The young girl was seized and put
flat on the table, face down, four of the detec-
tives grabbed hold of her hands and feet, and the
others that were armed with canes began to beat
her at the command of Officer Ivanoff. The blows
fell heavily, striking over the head, back and legs.

The Punishment She Endured.

She was beaten till she nearly lost conscious-
ness, but not a sound escaped her. Getting tired
of their monstrous work, the executioners stopped
when she became motionless. She looked like a
corpse with eyes closed, lips pressed tightly to-
gether, not a muscle moving. Nothing betrayed
signs of life. She was in a deep faint.

The chief tormentor, Green, ordered some cold
water to be sprinkled on her, and she began to
come to. She was then given a glass of cold
water and told to confess and tell about her
brother.

"But, for the sake of Christ, what shall I con-
fess? I have done nothing criminal, I am not
guilty of anything, ' ' feebly murmured the girl.

And in answer to that came the command of
the officer: "Give it to her, boys; give it to
her!"

And they resumed their diabolic work.

In moments when the pain was terrible she
would scream aloud. At times she would bite the
edge of the wooden table, pressing her teeth hard

together in the effort not to cry out. The pains
were awful. The executioners had turned into
cruel beasts, as if they were wild animals, instead
of human beings possessing heart and soul.

That night she was beaten till dawn, with in-
terruptions, as she fainted frequently. Every
time she regained consciousness the same ques-
tion was put to her by the officer- — whether she
was willing to confess — and every time that he
got her negative answer he became more furious.

At dawn she was carried into her cell and
dropped on the floor in a semi-conscious condition.
During the day she regained consciousness. Every
part of her body ached, she could not bend her
joints. The bruised parts became pitifully swol-
len, the red and blue marks began to fester,
making the slightest motion very painful.

The next night she was again carried into the
torture room and stretched out on the table. The
executioners were 'already at their posts awaiting
their victim. The subordinate oflieer Ivanoff
repeated the question, and getting no answer,
ordered his men to strike her, exclaiming in his
rage that he would make that obstinate girl con-
fess all.

Then Green gave orders to pinch her naked
body in the contused spots, which was especially
painful because of the festering and swelling.

She could not stand the pain any longer and
her wild cries filled the room. The unbearable
agony seemed to rob her of her senses. Other
executioners were in the meanwhile striking her
with canes over her head, her abdomen, the
fingers and toes.

The blows caused blood to ooze out through the
skin in some places, and her shirt was stained
with it. Some of her teeth were knocked out by
blows over the face, and tufts of hair were pulled
out by blows on the head, causing indescribable
pain.

That lasted the whole night long.

The third night she was again taken into the
torture room, as she stubbornly refused to cal-
umniate anybody. And she was beaten as on the
previous nights. Then Green bethought himself
of new ways of torture and ordered the eleven
men to surround the prostrate girl and beat her
over the abdomen. The blows then rained fast
but not very hard on the abdomen exclusively.
This immediately caused her to vomit. The vom-
iting became very frequent and spasmodic. She
could not catch her breath because of the retch-
ing. She was so weak that she could not turn
her head; her body ached and burned like fire;
the pain was so keen that death would have
been much more welcome. And the vomiting
would not stop. It seemed to her that all her in-
side was on fire and she longed for death.

And the executioners continued beating, ex-
horting her to confess.

• • •

On the fourth night she was also beaten. She
was weak and faint; it seemed to her that she
was dying. Had she not been a girl with a splen-
did constitution she could never have lived
through this long-continued torture. The blows

THE PANDBX

421

were raining fast; the fiends pinched her and
pulled her hair. Suddenly Green ordered his men
to stop, and for a few minutes she was left to
lie quietly on the tahle. Then she was dragged
on the floor and put on her back. Her execu-
tioners began kicking her with their boots. They
stamped on her chest, on her abdomen; they
trampled on her face. She bled from the mouth.
She did not cry out; she had no more strength;
she seemed silently dying.

In this condition she was taken back into her
cell and the prison feldsher (nurse and orderly)
was called to her. Her face presented a shape-
less mass of red and blue bruises. The eyes were
closed by an enormous swelling; the cheeks,
chin, and mouth were a big bruised mass. The
stomach was upset; there was constant vomiting,
which frustrated treatment. This vomiting
greatly augmented her suffering. Her body was
covered with red and blue wheals and wounds and
bruises. The wheals were festering. Looking at
this enormously swollen body, at this shapelessly
disfigured face of the young girl, the nurse felt a
horrible shame that a human being could be so
inhumanly brutal. For two months she hovered
between life and death, but youth conquered,
and she slowly began to recover. At the end of
two months she began to walk a little. All this
time no one was admitted to her, as the govern-
ment was afraid to let her relatives see her in
the condition she was in. That was to be kept
a secret, not to escape from the prison walls

into the outer world, so it would not cause any
stir, as Spiridnova's case did.

An acquaintance of mine met her after six
months had elapsed, in a northern prison, where
she had been taken when she began to walk
a little. And this acquaintance of mine gave me
her impression. At the first moment my friend
thought that she was an elderly woman with an
enormously large face of indefinitely outlined
features. The face was pale and covered with
red and bluish spots.

But her eyes — her eyes spoke for themselves.
Looking into them, my friend was dumbfounded
— there was so much suffering, so much sadness
in those eyes ! My friend understood that this old
woman must have lived through some great cal-
amity in life, something enormous, some disaster
that is beyond human endurance. She tried to
engage her in conversation.

She learned then what this seemingly elderly
woman had gone through. She was aged not
by years, but by executioners' tortures. She is
not an elderly woman, but a young, beautiful
girl who has been maimed and broken by suffer-
ing. She told my friend with tears in her eyes
that her brother was shot after being tortured,
without having gone through any form of trial,
but solely on the behest of Governor-General
Scallon.

This woful tale of the sufferings of the un-
fortunate girl, Rottkopf, is not yet known in
Russia; it could not be published there, for ob-
vious reasons. But Miss Rottkopf is still in
prison.

NO OTHER HOPE.

Railroad Surgeon — "I advise you to stop
smoking for a while."

Patient — "I don't smoke."

"You must also stop drinking."

"I don't drink."

"You mustn't worry so much about business
affairs. ' '

"I don't worry; I am independently wealth?."

"Then I must operate for appendicitis." —
Travel Magazine.

422

THE PANDEX

iMm

":Mk

FIRST IMPRESSIONS OF 1907.
Apropos of the Pugilistic Encounter at Tonopah on January 1.

— Detroit Journal.

THE JOY OF LIVING

THE FACTOR OF PHYSICAL HEALTH AS REFLECTED IN THE

INDOOR AND OUTDOOR SPORTS OF THE PRESENT DAY.—

IS THE ATHLETIC LIFE WHOLESOME?

QUITE as important, of course, to the
general improvement of modern con-
ditions as intellectual education, details of
some of the movements of which are given
in the preceding symposium, is the strength-
ening and fortifying of the physique against
the strain of business and profession. And
this phase of progress has had its share of
attention along with the other. But singu-
larly enough, even as in Rome in the halcyon
days of the Augustinian empire, the cultiva-
tion of the body is one of the most favored
pastimes and occupations of the class of
j'oung men from whom the Thaws are drawn

and of the opposite class from whom the
Whitneys, Perkins, Harrimans, and their
associates or their sons are drawn. Fre-
quently the cultivation runs to the excess
typified in the adulation of pugilism, but as
frequently it finds its devotion in the more
wholesome sphere of outdoor sports.

DO NOT ASSURE LONG LIFE

Athletics Likely to Cause Serious Reaction After
College Days.

The fact that athletic work, especially in
the colleges where it is so frequently carried

THE PANDEX
THE MOVEMENT FOR CLEAN BASEBALL.

423

It is reported that Neatness Will Be a Marked Characteristic this year. Uniforms Are to Be
More Ornamented, and each Player Will Have Four Suits for Each Game.

The Umpire Will Declare an Untidy Player Out and Order Him to the Dressing-Room.

Each Man Will Be Accompanied By His Per sonal Valet, Armed With a Whisk Broom.

— Chicago Record-Herald.

424

THE PANDEX

to excess, does not always operate to the ad-
vantage contemplated is suggested in the
following from the Yale Alumni Weekly:

New York. — The subject of longevity among
athletes and other college students has been in-
vestigated seriously by William G. Anderson,
director of the Yale gymnasium, and he has come
to the conclusion that the advantage is with the
athletes. But whether this is due to the man's
original strength or to his. development as an
athlete, he says, there is nothing to prove. Dis-
cussing the subject in the Yale Alumni Weekly,
he writes:

"Is the college athlete a sounder man in after
years and a man of longer life than his non-
athletic brother? Statistics prove beyond a
doubt that the man in college, or out of it, is
better for consistent exercise of some sort. But
it is not so certain that the man whose enthu-
siasm for and proficiency in some sport brings
him to the highest recognition in his college is
correspondingly benefited.

"A great many people claim that the highly
developed athlete has more muscle and more luug
power than he can use when he graduates and
takes up his long apprenticeship in some seden-
tary occupation. If he is not careful the very
power of lung and heart which made him a force
in the long four-mile pull, if he be a crew man,
becomes a danger, because there is no call in his
everyday life for the abnormal development he
acquired in college. If he does not keep up some
pretty vigorous exercise outside of office hours
the lung tissue developed in his college life falls
into disuse and may be the indirect cause of con-
sumption or the heart, forced to do overwork in
the strain of the competition in the big sports
and overdeveloped, may retaliate in after life by
refusing to do its work in some great stress, like
pneumonia, for instance.

Conclusions Valueless.

"So claim the opponents of high athletics.
But frequently conclusions of this sort are drawn
from individual cases and are of no value.

"Records prove that the highly developed ath-
lete, in spite of the many notable exceptions
which may be quoted, lives longer than his non-
athletic college mate.

"The figures on the longevity of Y men for
the last fifty-five years are highly interesting and
are a pointer to the value of specialized athletics.
The record covers the lives of eight hundred and
seven athletes in the four major sports, begin-
ning with the crew in 1855, and taking up foot-
ball, track, and baseball, as those games came to
have a place in the college calendar of outdoor
sports.

"The attention is at ence arrested by the fact
that among the eight hundred and seven athletes
who won the distinction of a Y, only fifty-eight
deaths have occurred in the last half-century.
When the average of years in the life of the
sport is struck it is found that the mortality was
greater among football men. Crew men were

second, track men were third, and baseball men
fourth, with an extremely low average. Yale
athletes show remarkable longevity compared
with the select mortality tables of the Actuarial.
Society.

"Judging from the investigations, it is reason-
able to say that there is no undue strain put on
the athletes while they are in training, and their
later history seems to show they were benefited
rather than harmed.

Less Tuberculosis.

"Consumption was responsible for twelve of
the fifty-eight deaths, but in the case of athletes
the percentage of men dying from this cause was
not greater than the expected deaths among non-
athletes from a similar cause. Mr. Arthur
Hunter, of New York, a high actuary authority,
says that a comparison of the causes of death
among athletes and 'mutuals' insured before 45
years of age does not develop any irregularities
in the distribution of deaths. The proportion of
deaths among athletes from tuberculosis was
found to be twenty-two per cent to the thousand,
and 'mutuals' insured below 45 years, twenty-
four per cent.

"Deaths from heart disease in the Yale list of
fifty-eight men were four at the ages of 35, 57,
68, and 70. The average is very low. Pneumonia
carried off six, typhoid five, and typhoid pneumo-
nia two. Those who wish to push their argument
that high athletics are bad for the lungs and
heart might find some ground for that argument
in the fact that twenty-four of the fifty-eight
deaths were caused by lung trouble of various
kinds and heart failure. The table of deaths fur-
ther shows that nine of the fifty-eight athletes
met violent deaths, of which two were suicides.
One died of dissipation, which was not traceable
to participation in athletics.

"The inevitable conclusion from the figures
gathered is that the Yale man who came to high
honors in the major sports in the last half cen-
tury has more than the ordinary man's share of
long life. But whether this is due to his high
development as an athlete or to the original
strength of the man himself is still unproven and
seems likely to remain so unless some more per-
fect means of comparison can be found."

PENNANT POSSIBILITIES OF 1907

Eastern Baseball Championships Rest Upon a
Few Individuals.

Prom time to time there are manifesta-
tions of a revival of popular interest in base-
ball, this strictly outdoor game appearing
nfever to offer a certain free exhilaration
which is missing from other sports. Said the
St. Louis Globe-Democrat concerning the
outlook for the current season :

THE PANDEX

425

Pennant possibilities of three major league
teams during the coming season are being figured
on one player in each instance, while in a fourth
case the rejuvenation of a championship club,
which was down and out last season, depends on
one individual. Five minutes' conversation with
any of the baseball players in St. Louis belonging
to the big leagues will convince anyone of this.

"If Chesbro comes back there is nothing to it
but a pennant for the Highlanders," says Jack
O'Connor, "unless Jim Delehanty turns out
right at third base. If he does there is nothing
to it but the Browns."

"Christy Mathewson comes pretty near hold-
ing the pennant possibilities of the New York
Nationals in his grasp," comes back Harry
Howell, "and if Lou Criger is in shape you will
see Boston quit the joke team squad and get into
the American League race again."

All of which shows pretty conclusively the im-
portance of a single star player to a team, even
without taking into consideration the fact that
other teams could be wrecked by taking away a
player. Not only that, but the players are pretty
near right in their view of the matter, and this
is one of the main explanations why picking pen-
nant winners ahead of time is a risky perform-
ance at best. Last season's work of the team
shows that the situation then bears out the pre-
dictions for next season.

Chesbro Could Have Won.

Take the New York Americans, for instance.
Suppose that Chesbro had been pitching in his
best form last season. New York would have
won the American League pennant beyond a
shadow of a doubt, as it was nothing but weak-
ness in the pitching department that defeated
that team, and Chesbro is capable of winning
thirty out of forty games when he is at his best.
Should Chesbro come around during the coming
season New York would come pretty near get-
ting the honor Griffith has coveted ever since he
was placed in charge of the Highlanders.

Mathewson undoubtedly aided the most in los-
ing the pennant for New York of any player on
that team. Had he been in shape to twirl as he
did in 1905 Chicago would certainly not have had
the walkover it did, even though the Giants had
other handicaps to overcome besides the poor
condition of the great pitcher. With McGraw"
cleaning out the bad actors on his team this sea-
son and insisting upon more rigid training in the
spring and better condition during the season,
Mathewson may again have a chance to show
the way to a pennant for New York during 1907.

As for the Browns last season, McAleer would
have had the chance of his life for a pennant
with a really high-class man at third base. Sup-
pose, for instance, that Bradley had been cover-
ing the far corner for the Browns. It would
have been better than even money that St. Louis
would have finished in front. That was the weak
point on the team, both on defense and on offense,
and it was the one thing which finally stopped the
winning streak which developed during July.

With the same conditions this year and Dele-
hanty making good, both in the field and with
the bat, it will take some playing on the part of
the other clubs to stop the Browns.

When it comes to Boston, the reversal of form
of that team since it held the world's champion-
ship was to no small extent due last year to the
fact that Lou Criger was not behind the bat.
With Criger doing the catching, the club would
have made a much better showing, and if he is
able to play his old-time game again this year
Boston will not show such a slump again. In
connection with Boston, it may be pointed out
that Philadelphia suffered badly by the loss of
Lave Cross, and that this hole in the line-up will
probably be filled acceptably by our own Jimmy
Burke this year. In fact, Burke has a splendid
chance to make Mack's team a winner instead
of a loser, if some of the old-timers on the team
have not gone back too much.

V CHAS.KE1LUS& CO m
HIGH GRADE CLOTHIERS

No Branch Stores. No Agents.

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King Solomon's Hall

Fillmore St., near Sutter

San Francisco

426

THE PANDEX

Ail-Around Players Useful.

The 'all-around' baseball player has become a
steady fixture on the strenuous game of these
days, and the recent publication of records shows
that he holds his own among the stars, despite
his continual switch of position.

The 'all-around' or utility man, as he is com-
monly called, is a rare specimen, and many clubs
have dropped out of a race because they could
not find one. What would Cleveland have done
last season had Lajoie had a utility man like
Strang, Joe Yeager, or Bresnahan to bolster up
the team when misfortune befell the stars?

As a rule, "a jack of all trades is good at
none," but there are exceptions to this in every
line of business, and the utility man in baseball
is a shining example.

Three attainments are absolutely essential to
a utility player. He must be able to play the
infield, the outfield, and be a good hitter. With-
out either of these he is no good to a team.

NEW FOOTBALL RULES

Halves Lengthened, Forward Pass Penalty, and
Extra Official, Says Committee.

The pressure toward such a revision of
football as will eliminate the alleged brutali-
ties continues. Its latest phase is thus de-
scribed in the New York Times:

The American Intercollegiate Football Rules
9^:) iv AHU909J sjoqB[ s;i 'pa}a[dtnoo aa;;iuimo3
Murray Hill Hotel, when the playing rules for
next fall were revised and clarified. While a
number of minor alterations and modifications
were effected, only three important changes were
made. The length of the halves was increased
from thirty to thirty-five minutes. This was five
minutes shorter .than the expected change. The
forward pass, which was used extensively last
year, was the subject of the principal legislation
of the meeting, and in the future instead of a
penalty of the loss of the ball on an unsuccessful
forward pass a penalty of fifteen yards was in-
flicted on first or second down, and when a foul
has been committed the ball is declared down at
the point where the offense occurred. The third
of the important changes was the introduction
of a new official, which, to all intents and pur-
poses, makes him an assistant referee. The new
official will be known as a field umpire, and in
addition to his duties as umpire he will relieve
the referee of some of his duties in deciding
points of play.

The discussion of the foi-ward pass was a
lengthy one and consumed more time than all the
other changes combined. Heretofore the penalty
for an unsuccessful forward pass was the loss of
the ball. This rule has been changed so as to
make the penalty for an unsuccessful forward
pass on first and second downs fifteen yards.
This means that a team can now afford to take

chances on the play at critical stages of the
game, whereas last year such an attempt might
have meant dire disaster for the team attempting
it. In addition to this, the following rule has
been substituted for Note 2 of the Definition of
Terms for the ball being out of bounds:

"If the forward pass before touching the
ground, or on a kicked ball, either before or after
touching the ground goes out of bounds the ball
shall belong to the opponents at the point where
it crosses the side line."

Rule 19A was changed so that on a kick out
after a touchdown or safety opponents may not
come within ten yards of the side having the ball.
Last year the opponents could come almost up to
the twenty-five-yard line and hamper the player
in his kick. This change affords the team a free
kick in every sense, as the opponents must be at
least ten yards distant from the kicker.

In order to clarify the onside rule, provision
was made that a linesman is allowed to carry the
ball foi-ward if he does not leave his position in
the line until after the ball is actually put in play.
This point was brought out in the Pennsylvania-
Michigan game last year, in which Coach Yost
asserted that Penn was off-side when such a play
was made. Another technicality was brought out
in connection with the definition of the onside
rule, which was made plainer, as follows :

"If a quarter back pass the ball to a full back
and afterward receive the ball from the full back
back of the full back he was technically offside,"
but the rule has now been made to read as fol-
lows: "A player may at all times pass the ball
to another of his own side who is behind him."

The new official, as provided for by the change,
is really an assistant referee. Last year the
double-umpire system was optional, but by the
introduction of the second official it becomes this
year obligatory. The list of officials on the field
will in future be a referee, line umpire, field um-
pire, and linesman. The new official, who will be
known as a field umpire, in addition to acting as
umpire, relieves the referee of some of his duties
in decisions. The duties of the field umpire, as
defined by the committee, are as follows :

"In addition to the regular duties of umpire,
he will have jurisdiction over the ball, the inter-
ference, and the fouls in connection with the
catching, securing, or position of a ball that has
been kicked or passed down the field. He shall
mark the spot of a fair catch, shall rule on points
covering the touching of a ball by any player
after a kick or forward pass, the touching of the
ground by the ball after a kick or forward pass,
the possession of the ball when a down has been
made, and violation of rules covering a fair
catch. He shall mark the point where the ball
goes out of bounds on the opposite side of the
field from that on which the linesman is sta-
tioned. On every attempt at goal from the field
or from a touchdown he shall take a position
under the goal posts to assist the referee in mak-
ing a proper decision. By holding up his hand he
shall indicate to the referee when to blow his
whistle on all decisions under his jurisdiction.

THE PANDEX

427

W. P. Calkins. President

Hartford Buildins

Percy C. Pickrell. Manaeer

The Pandex of The Press

Telephone Central 6765

Chicago. 111., Dec. 1. 1906.
Gentlemen:

What do you think of this plan of getting your advertising for nothing?

The Pandex of the Press is the only magazine of its kind in the world. On account of its uniqueness, it has a
following wholly its own and sepaiate and distinct from the readers of any other maga/ine.

By advertising In Thic Pani>ex of the Press, you reach that separatt and distinct company of good people which you
can attract through no other magazine.

It is paid for each month by over 54,000 people. From this it is safe to argue that it has over 200.000 monthly readers.

We shall devote certain of its columns to clean, classified advertising. We will take nothing less than six lines, nor more
than twelve. Couilt eight words to a line. We shall charge for this service. S9.00 a year for a six line monthly ad. payable semi-
annually in advance. This will make the ad. cost you only 75 ccn's a month. For each additional line add 12' 2 cents monthly to
the check. You may change your copy monthly.

Vou can readily see that several good sales from twelve tnals to over 200.000 monthly readers are not too much to expect and
several such sales will net you enough to make your ad. pf^ctically cost you nothing. Try it.

Very sincerely yours.

The Pandex of The Press.

CLASSIFIED

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428

THE PANDEX

"The duties of the line umpire will be the ordi-
nary duties heretofore followed by the umpire.
The word 'line' designates simply that he shall
stand in the neighborhood of the line of scrim-
mages. The field umpire will stand behind the
defensive line down in the field where a kicked
ball is likely to go."

The wording of the rule affording a player the
opportunity for a fair catch has not been ex-
actly clear and as a result several misunderstand-
ings were the result last season. Under Rule 50,
Section 2, the following definition of a fair
catch is inserted:

"The player shall be considered as having the
opportunity of making a fair catch if he is in
such position as would be possible for him to
reach the ball before it reaches the ground.

"In ease a signal for a fair catch is made by
any player who has an opportunity for a fair
catch and another player of his side, who has not
signalled for a fair catch catches the ball, no
run shall be made and a fair catch shall not be
allowed, but the ball shall be given the catcher's
side for a down at the point where the catch is
made. ' '

YANKEES ON FRENCH TURF

Brilliant Triumph of Vanderbilt and His Trainer
and Jockeys.

With the increase in the number of
wealthy Americans who can afford to with-
draw from their businesses long enough to
pursue the pleasures of life, the exaltation of
the turf to a place where it may soon become
the "grand sport" of the aristocrats has
been in constant progress. Incidentally, the
American turf operators have had peculiar
pleasure in such successes as are reflected in
the following from the St. Louis Republic :

After nearly ten years' campaigning on the
French turf one of William K. Vanderbilt 's
most laudable ambitions was gratified during the
racing season just past, and for the first time
since his advent there his name stands at the
head of the list of winning owners. That of M.
Edmond Blanc, which had for several years past
been at the top, has been displaced.

Mr. Vanderbilt 's actual winnings total $245,-
980, or more than double as much as those of his
nearest competitor, M. Lieux, who won $122,146.
M. Caillault won $107,000 and M. Blanc is the
fourth on the list with $98,000.

It is the first time an American has ever held
the place of honor, though in previous years Mr.
Vanderbilt has been very near the top of the
list. Regrettably enough, the one race of all
others which our countryman desired to win,
the Grand Prix, the richest stake in the world,
but far more desirable because of the senti-
mental interest attached to it, was not destined

THE PANDEX

429

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NATIONAL CO-OPERATIVE REALTY CO.

901 Hkr^Unit Bnildlnff. WathiaKton, D. C.

901 Athenav^am BalldlnR, Cfalcaeo* IIU

San Francisco
Literary Syndicate and Manuscript

Agency

915 Van Ness Avenue, San Francisco

Eastern Agent:
Brown Bros.

New York

Foreign Agent:

Curtis Brown, London

C[ Successful writers nowadays can sell their manuscripts for more than ever before. A few
years ago Jack London eould not sell his best stories for any price. This was because he did
not know the editors and they did not know him. Now he receives one thousand dollars for his
simple promise to write a book, and fifteen cents for every word he writes. His literary agents
attend to this.

fl We have handled and edited manuscripts by Jack London and other successful western writ-
ers. Every one of these authors now makes his writing pay — and its pays well.

fl We stand in cordial relations with editor's and publishers of the leading magazines and pe-
riodicals of America, and some of the best literary reviews of England. We maintain correspond-
ence also with one hundred and twenty leading daily and Sunday newspapers,

Q We will edit any magazine article or poem and advise you where best to place it, for a fee
of one dollar, prepaid. Our fee for considering manuscripts of novels or plays is five dollars.

fl We will endeavor to obtain within six months the publication of any (typewritten) manu-
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the publisher without any percentage charge on our part. In case of non-acceptance by any
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balance for expenses and trouble incurred.

^ Address all communications to our Treasurer, 915 Van Ness Avenue, San Francisco.

Pleaae mention The Pandex wben Trrltlng to Advertiser*.

430

THE PANDEX

to be his this year, notwithstanding that his
representative, the great racer Maintenon, by
far the best French colt of the year, was a
starter, but was not placed, the race having
been won by the English-bred colt. Spearmint,
which had won the Epsom Derby a few days be-
fore that. To this day the defeat of Main-
tenon is the greatest mystery of the turf sea-
son, because all his subsequent form was far
above that he showed in the Grand Prix.

Gradually Mr. Vanderbilt has weeded out of
his large collection of mares and stallions those
not up to his standard. Today his establish-
men includes four stallions — Prestige, Alpha, Tu-
renne and Elsmere and forty-one mares. Of the
stallions Elsmere is the only one American bred.
He is by Hanover, out of Ella Pinkerton, by
Longfellow. Of the marts there are still left a
number which were purchased in American ten
years ago, together with some of their daugh-
ters. Upon the sale of the late W. C. Whitney's
stud in 1904, Mr. Vanderbilt purchased a few
mares in foal, and their produce, foals of 1905,
are included in the list of fifty-five racers which
will be campaigned in his interest in 1907. Among
these are Beach, by Meddler, out of Harmonica
II; Schuyler, by Meddler, out of Louis N, half-
sister to Artful 's dam, Martha II, and Tessie, by
Meddler, out of Hessie, by Hanover. Mr. Van-
derbilt has also named a filly Virginia. Tessie
and Virginia are named after Mrs. Herman Oel-
richs and her sister, Mrs. W. K. Vanderbilt, Jr.

FEDERAL MOTOR LAW

Interstate Reciprocity Sought to Relieve Annoy-
ances of Present System.

There are many persons who look to see
automobiling supplant the turf as a pastime
of the wealthy. But before this result can
transpire the automobile evidently must go
thru some of the restraining steps foreshad-
owed in the following from the Chicago
Record-Herald :

Federal automobile legislation is the aim of
the American Automobile Association. While
it has been definitely determined that a bill
shall be introduced at the present session of
the national lawmakers, the officers of the asso-
ciation are not clear in their own minds as to
the probable efficiency of motoring laws enacted
by the general government. This is one of the
themes slated for discussion at the good roads
and legislative convention to be held by the
American Automobile Association during the Chi-
cago show.

Reciprocal touring relations are particularly
sought. The fact that licenses issued in one state
are not honored in all other states, is one of the
evils at which the legislative committee of the
A. A A. will aim its darts.

President Hotchkiss intimated in his inaugural
address that such action was probable. While
he does not believe that federal legislation is
practicable in connection with many phases of
automobiling, it is his opinion that some general
supervision should be exercised by the national
government over the difficulties incidental to tour-
ing from state to state.

"Of late there has sprung up in some states
a tendency which must be checked," said Judge
Hotchkiss, "a tendency to treat the non-resident
motorist as 'good picking,' a tendency, in short,
to tax. Several states permit the non-resident
owner of a motor vehicle to operate it within
their boundaries without additional registration,
some even without limitation as to time, always
provided the motorist observes the police regu-
lations there in force."

Some day there will be no speed laws, accord-
ing to the head of the A. A. A., but he fears this
day may not come until horses are outnumbered
on the highways. Said he:

"Activity by state associations will hasten
the inevitable day when the only local regula-
tion as to speed will be that a motorist shall not

you»N6 SIE6FR1EP

IMPRESSIONS OF THE OPERA— NO. 2.

THE PANDEX

431

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tricts are booming. Now is your time to buy for large profits before
prices go up on the jump. Buy Nevada Star at once. The allot-
ment offered at 12c. is small, and will no doubt be snapped up
quickly, as the prospects seem good to make 100 per cent profit or
more within 90 days. Instalment payments if desired. A
few dollars a month may start you on the road to a fortune. Send
for free illusitrated Nevada prospectus and full information.

F. A. MEIDINGER, President

713 GAFF BLDG..

CHICAGO. ILL.

A BUSINESS firm is judged by its stationery.
That's why Ingrim & Wood are in busi-
ness of Printing.

They make it so that it gives character.

TRY THEM.

Ingrim & Wood

STATIONERS & PRINTERS

3244 Mission St., San Francisco

Here's an
attractive offer

to all

Smokers

is the finest smoking tobacco possible.

Hand mixed. Selected leaves.
It isn't cheap. Best things never are.

Without a bite or a regret

OUR OFFER

Ask your dealer for it. If he hasn't it, send us his name and
a dollar bill (at our risk). We will send you a 75c can of the
tobacco and a 50c kid, rubber lined, tobacco pouch. Try the
tobacco. Smoke several pipefuls. If it doesn't suit your taste
send the rest of it back and we will return your dollar. Send
for booklet " How to smoke a pipe."

3I4 oz. 75c. 1/2 lb. 1 1. 65 I lb. JI3.30

PREPAID

E. HoiFman Company

177 Madison Street, Chicago

THE VACUUM CAP CURES BALDNESS
60 DAYS TRIAL

Thousands cured. Our Modern Vacuum Cap when used a
fevr minutes each day draws the blood to the scalp and forces the
hair into new healthy growth, cures baldness and stops the hair from fall-
ias out. Cures Dandruff. Harmless and healthful. We send it to you
on trial. Wc only want pay if you are pleased. Is not this fair?
Write for free booklet.

THE MODERN VACUUM CAP CO.
661 Barclay Block Denver, Colo.

Orchard and Farm

An Illustrated Monthly Magazine

For Farmers

SI. 00 the ymar

San Franeheo, Cal.

CHAS. P. ELMORE.
Instructor

I WILL TEACH YOU
WATCH REPAIRING

'Watchmakers are al^^ays in demand at $25.00 to
J65.00 a -week. W^ith my Copyrighted Chart System and
easy lessons, you can learn to become an expert by mail.

Lesson and Full Information Free

Including copy of larfe watchinaker*s catalo(f. I furnish necessary tools
and materials. You can start at once. Send no\v for free catalog and lesson.

ROGERS. THURMAN (Si. CO. (Inc.)

Jewelers' Wholesale Supply House 35 Michigan Avenue, Chicago

Please mention The Pandex when wTlting: to Advertisers.

432

THE PANDEX

IMPRESSIONS OF THE OPERA— NO. 3.

drive at a greater rate than is reasonable or
proper, having regard to the traffic on and the
condition of the highway at the time. Whether
such consummation shall be reached before motor
vehicles become more numerous on the streets and
roads than horse-drawn vehicles is a question."

BILLIARD LEAGUE PROPOSED

Captain Anson Plans a National Circuit for Big
Players.

The gentle and quiet indoor sport of bil-
liards appears, also, to be having its era of
popularity. Said the Chicago Record-Herald
concerning its latest development :

"Cap" Anson's scheme to organize a billiard
league of national scope has set the cue fans to
talking, although as yet they have not been able
to learn many of the details of the proposed or-
ganization. A meeting is to be held in Pittsburg
next month, at which plans for the league will
be discussed, and it is expected a definite under-
standing will be reached in rtgard to the propo-
sition.

Enough parties have been interested in the
six cities to compose the circuit — Chicago, New
York, Pittsburg, St. Louis, Boston and Philadel-
phia— practically to assure the formation of the
league, and other details will be worked out
later.

It is the intention of Captain Anson to secure
all the star billiardists, including Sutton, Hoppe,
Schaeffer, Slosson and Morningstar, to partici-

pate in the games played. A chain of billiard
halls will be formed and the best talent avail-
able will be playing continually around the cir-
cuit, just as the league ball clubs do.

GOOD PUGILISTS ARE LACKING

Present Heavyweights Far Below Standard and
a Pugilistic Slump Ahead.

The following from the New York Sun
would lead to the belief that perhaps, after
all, the objectors are to have their way in
the contention against pugilism:

Looking back through fifteen years of pugilism
in America, veteran sporting men are decrying
the present crop of glove fighters as far below
the standard fixed by the former stars of the
ring. This lack of really good fighting material
has been demonstrated clearly recently by the
attempt of some of the Nevada mining camp
promoters to find a suitable opponent for James
J. Jeffries, the recognized champion heavyweight
of the world.

Sifting it all down, the fight fans do not won-
der at the inability of the Nevada promoters to
find a suitable opponent for Jeffries. Taking the
line of argument used by the promoters, there
would be no money in a fight between Jeffries
and Jack Johnson for the reason that Johnson
was beaten on a decision by Hart, who in turn
was a soft mark for Tommy Burns. There would
be no chance to reap profits from a match be-
tween Jeff and Burns because of the one-sided-

THE PANDEX

433

Why Don't You
Get a Hold
On the Earth

And Prosper with its Rising Values?
Fortunes have been made in eDerp State
in the Union by the increased 'Values of
lands. There is but one California.

Every colonist, every birth makes the acreage of Cali-
fornia more valuable. Each year migration comes toward
the mild climate of the Pacific. The gateway of commer-
cial opportunity is ours.

Do you own any land here? Why not acquire some
and MAKE YOUR DOLLARS WORK WHILE YOU
SLEEP ? It is not so difficult to do this as you may sup-
pose. TELL US WHAT YOU WANT.

I* your loose change giving a good account of itself ?
Every spare dollar should be put where it will earn good re-
turns. If you believe in California and her fertile acres, if you
have faith in her towns and cities, if you believe in her resources and geographical position you
must know that every habitable foot of California soil is an asset.

Look at the increase in assessed values all over the State. It is one unbroken story of pros-
perity. No wonder that Henry George's theory that increase of population adds to land values is

growing in favor with careful investors. There is but one California, and investments here will grow fast.

A. H. Jordan, an expert insurance special agent, is President of the company; A, Mittteman, an expert real estate agent, is secre-
tary, and t^e directors are Matthew Brady, attorney and notary public. Dr. A. S, Adler, of the Board of Health of San Francisco, and
otheis of undoubted standing in the business world, such as W. H. Miller, of San Bernardino, are stockholders. Attorneys, Berry A
Brady. Depository, California Safe Deposit A Trust Co,

We are prepared to show you opportunities in city, town and country properties in all parts of California. Make known your needs
and we can supply them.

LIST YOUR PROPERTY WITH U^

Address

To Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,

961 Fillmore St.,

SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.

lam interested in (town, city or country)....

California. What have you for about $..

NAME

TOWN

State Terms. STATE T.

SOUTHWESTERN
BONDS & FINANCE CO.

961 Fillmore Street

SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.

Pleuiie mention The Pandex when Trrlting; to Advertisers.

4^4

J^ H E P A N D E X

Tommy Ryan, the Syracuse boxer, whose real
name is Joseph Youngs, has declared for some
time, regardless of Fitzsimmons, that he is the
real middleweight chami)ion. Ryan, who inci-
dentally is 40 years old, has a long and remark-
able record. He is 5 feef 7 3-4 inches tall and
can box at 154 pounds, which, he insists, is the
proper middleweight limit. Some of his earlier
fights included sensational encounters with Mys-
terious Billy Smith. He had never tasted defeat
until his pupil. Kid McCoy, double crossed him
with a knockout in fifteen rounds at Maspeth in
1896. That defeat and another on a foul by
George Green are the only ones on his list. He
has defeated such men as Shadow Maber, Dick
Moore, Bill Payne, Tom Tracey, Paddy Gorman,
George Green, Tommy West, Dick O'Brien, the
Harlem Coffee Cooler, Kid Carter, Mysterious
Billy Smith, Jimmy Handler, Jolin Willie and
many others.

Ryan is matched to fight Hugo Kelly in Ne-
vada some time in April. Kelly is highly re-
garded, but at his best he never would have
classed with Ryan ten years ago. Rvan is older

IMPRESSIONS OF THE OPERA^NO. 4.

ness of such a mill on the face of it. Jeffries,
6 feet 11/2 inches tall and weighing 230 pounds
in condition, with Burns 61/2 inches shorte>' and
fixly pounds lighter.

A fight between the tall, thin O'Brien and the
boilermaker also would be a farcical affair in
view of the fact that O'Brien has all he can
do to dispose of Burns. Squires of Australia, ')
feet 71/^ inches tall and weighing 172 pounds,
has been "mentioned," but Jeffries probably
would knock him out in quick order, if stories
of Squire's skill which have reached here from
the Antipodes are true.

With such an array of inferior heavyweights
as O'Brien, Burns, Hart, Kaufman, Johnson and
others of even less quality from which to select
a possible champion to succeed Jeffries, who will
not agree to take on any of them, as no club would
care to offer a purse, old time flght followers are
wondering what the boxing game is coming to.
There has not been a first-class heavyweight in
England since Charley Mitchell was "boxing
champion," and it looks as if the same state of
affairs was about to exist in this country, that
is, as soon as Jeffries makes up his mind that
there is nobody to meet him.

The lack of really good fighting material is not
confined to the heavyweight class. Fitzsimmons
won the middleweight championship at 158 pounds
when he knocked out poor Jack Dempsey, the
Nonpareil, in New Orleans on January 14, 1893.
It took him thirteen rounds to do the trick, and
he became so invincible after putting it all over
Peter Maher in twelve rounds that he went out
of his class to get the money. Nobody ever
fought Fitz at the middleweight limit and beat
him, the Cornishman having gone into retire-
ment after the O'Brien mill, taking the title
with him.

(oi^THE HUMAN WAi^DiIobO

IMPRESSIONS OF THE OPERA— NO. 5.

THE PANDEX

435

MENNEN*5

-"TOIlf T POWDER

Talcum .

MARCH WINDS

are powerless to harm the skin and complexions of
those who acquire the good habit of daily usinji
M<'iinen'H lioriifed Talrtiin P«w<i«T. the purest and
safest of soothing and healing toilet powders.

Mennen'B is a satisfying linish of a delightful
shave, the moat essential item ona lady's toilet table,
and in the nursery indispensable.

Put up in non-r^niUble boxes, for your protection. If
Meimen's face is on the cover, it's Benuine and a guaran-
tee of purity. Delightful after shaving. Sold every-
where, or by mail ^5 cents. Sample fret.

GERHARD MENNEN CO., Newark, N.J.

Try Mennen's Violet (Borated) Talcum Powder.
It has the scent oi fresh cut Paruia Violets.

Guaranteed under the Food and Drugs Act. June 30. 1906.
Serial No. 1542.

Don't Wear a Truss

Brooka* Appliance is a new
scientific discovery with auto-
matic air cushions that draws
the broken parts together and
binds them as you would a
broken limb. It absolutely
holds firmly and comfortably
and never slips, always liKht
and cool andconformstoevery
cioveiiientof the body without
chafing or hurting. I make it
to your measure and send it to
you on a strict guarantee of
satisfaction or money refund-
ed and I have put my price ao
lowtliat anybi>dy,richor poor,
canbiiyit. Reiiienjber I make
it to your order — send it to you
—you wear it — and If it doesn't satisfy you, you send it back to
me and I will refund yonr money. The banks or any responsi-
ble citizen in Marshall will Ml you that is the way I do busi-
ness—always absolutely on the square and I am selling thoua*
andsof people this way for the past five years. Remember I
use no salves, no harness, no lies, no fakes. I just give you a
straight business deal at a reasonable price.

i': v.. Uio»kA.34gg Bruoka Bide., Uarshall. Mtcb.

That weigh less than 6 oz., have no under-
straps, no elastic bands, do not press the spine
or pubic bone and hold at the internal ring, are
fitted and sold by

CLARK GANDION TRUSS CO.

SPEaAUST IN TRUSS FITTING

L«dy Attendant Phone We.l 582

1258 Golden Gate Ave., San Franciico, Cal.

OREGON'S COAST CITY!

LOTS IN SCHAEFER'S AD-
DITION ARE SELLING FOR

LOCATION

NOT PHRASEOLOGY

Which is "Central" between
deep water and deep water,
one and one-half miles mid-
way, and like distance between
Empire, North Bend and
Marshfield.

ON THE BAY

$100 and Upward
for 30 Days

GEO. J. SCHAEFER

(OWNER)

317 Chamber of Commerce
PORTLAND. ORE.

Copyrighted
eeorge J.Schaeferi9o(>

Pleaae mention The Pandex nhen nrltine to Advertisers.

436

THE PANDEX

than Kelly by thirteen years. The latter was
born in Florence, Italy, and is 5 feet 8 inches tall.
He did nearly all his fighting in and around Chi-
cago for four years. It was in 1903 that he
fought a ten-round draw with Philadelphia Jack
O'Brien, who beat him in six rounds the follow-
ing year. He won, lost and boxed a draw with
Jack (Twin) Sullivan and got a decision over
O'Brien in ten rounds in Indianapolis, in addi-
tion to fighting two drawn battles with Tommy
Burns, one of ten and the other of twenty rounds.
Ryan said recently that Kelly had tht right to
call himself middleweight champion and then
changed his mind. Kelly promptly challenged
him to settle the question in the ring and Ryan
accepted.

Outside of Joe Thomas, who will fight Kelly
in Denver in a few days, there are no really first-
class middleweights. Ryan, by the way, never
wanted any part of the middleweight game while
Fitzsimmons was in action. Tommy stuck to the
welterweight class until Old Bob was too heavy
to reduce, and even then he feared that the lat-
ter might decide to defend the title anyway.

Ryan as a welterweight, always refused to
meet Joe Walcott, the champion at 140 pounds
for many years and popularly known as the
Giant Killer. Walcott, under Tom O'Rourke's
management, made Kid McCoy, Jim Corbett and
a few other big fellows draw the color line after
he had knocked Joe Choynski out in seven
rounds. Walcott was only 5 feet 11/2 inches tall,
yet he was a terror to men a foot taller and in
some cases forty pounds heavier. Dan Creedon,
the Australian middleweight, was put away with
one punch by Walcott, who afterward beat him
in twenty rounds on two occasions and also in
six rounds.

Walcott 's greatest fight was with Kid Lavigne
at Maspeth in December, 1895. Joe had to weigh
133 pounds ringside, the decision to go to La-
vigne if he stayed fifteen rounds. Lavigne
proved much the stronger, and in spite of the
fact that his left ear was nearly knocked oflf
in the early part of the battle he finally had
Walcott on the verge of a knockout at the
windup.

Walcott shot a finger off not long ago and
practically ended his ring career. He was beaten
to a standstill at Boston recently by Honey
Mellody, who immediately proclaimed himself the
welterweight champion. Mellody is a Boston
man, 23 years old. He was beaten decisively by
Joe Thomas, but that was before he won the
title from Walcott. Mysterious Billy Smith for
a long time disputed the championship with Wal-
cott, but Smith faded away when the black man
began whipping heavyweights.

Joe Gans, the lightweight champion, is in a
class by himself. It is a question whether he
could have beaten Jack McAuliffe or Kid La-
vigne, both champions in their day. But it took
only a round for him to win the title from
Frank Erne, who had taken it from Lavigne on
a decision at the end of twenty rounds. Gans
has admitted taking part in fake fights, but since

he cut away from his former associates he has
been going at a great rate. He cleanly bested
Battling Nelson in forty-two rounds, the latter
losing on an intentional foul, and up to that time
Nelson was regarded as a probable world beattr.
Aside from Gans and Nelson there are no really
high class lightweights, as Herman, Britt, Cor-
bett, Hanlon, Herrera, and others have been
beaten easily by both stars.

Abe Attell stands far ahead of all other rivals
as champion featherweight of the world. Hfc is

IMPRESSIONS OF THE OPERA— NO. 6.

THE PANDEX

407

NOW

YOU THINK

OF A COMPLETE,
COZY, COMFORT-
ABLE COTTAGE
IN THE MIDST OF
A WELL-PLANNED
FIVE-ACRE POULTRY
RANCH

Situated in the Very Heart of Successful

POULTRY CULTURE AND
STRONG MARKET?

It Affords You A

HOME. A BUSINESS AND A GOOD UVING

Guaranteed

A Small Investment and careful attention to the
details of Poultry Keeping around Petaluma in-
variably yields a handsome competency.

J. W. HORN CO.

PETALUMA, CALIF.,

BUILDS AND EQUIPS A MODEL MODERN
POULTRY RANCH AT VERY LOW PRICES

Write for his Lateil DeicripliTe Book— FREE

A FIVE ACRE

Petaluma ego Ranch

PROVES A BETTER INVESTMENT
A MORE PLEASUREABLE PURSUIT

MAKES MORE MONEY THAN ANY OTHER COAST
ATTRACTION

WE DO WHAT WE SAY WE DO tj

AND ARE ON HAND WITH THE GOODS %

c
i

Our lists comprise a number of
Good Buys for People with Limit-
ed Means, who can farm in Cali-
fornia soil with less liability, more
sure results and in almost perpetual
sunshine.

Petaluma Egg Farms are situated
at the seat of demand — the best
Market in the world is at your
door. n

! a

Our prices are astonishingly low | S
and Terms Reasonable. •

2
O

PI
>
70

0
m

>
<

Established 1884. We publish the Petaluma Land Journal.
It will interest you— free, if you write for it.

4-^^-"-

20111 ceniuff

PERFECT

AUTOMATIC

GATE. 20STYLES

Money Refunded Jlrr.f?'

or as represented. Works 303 days each
year, JVO OILiJVG—ten minutes eacUyear
and 10 to 20 cents expense— no more.
Enclose 3c stamp for 68 page catalogue.

WE WANJ tJVE AGENTS EVERYWHERE

On an Investment of $125 to $500
we will start you so you can make
from $250 to $500 per month. Come
and investigate, select your territory

Petaluma Realty Co.

Petaluma, California

^ TRICYCLE COM PANYS
^ Invalid Rolling Chairs

AND TRICYCLE CHAIRS
for the disable] are the .cme of perfec"'

■ 2l08MarkelSt,SanFrancisco,Calife
837 South Spring St., Los Angeles

MAPLEINE

AND
SUGAR

MAKE SYRUP

BETTER
THAN
MAPLE.

Make your Syrup at home with Mapleine. For 35c tUmps we will
mail you enough (or two gallotls, including Cook Book and Set of
Comic Post Cards.

CRESCENT MTG. CO., Seattle, Waah.

IMeaae mention The Paudex when wrItinB to Advertlxerw.

438

THE PANDEX

THE NEW THEATER.
A Study of the Downfall of the Uplift Movement in Subsidized Theatricals.

The First Night.

The Second Night.

The Third Night.

— Chicago Recofd-Herald.

THE PANDEX

439

PHONE MAIN 3001

Oregon^ s
Expert College

Experts in charge of all Department*

STENOGRAPHY

TELEGRAPHY

BOOKKEEPING

Imitation Typewritten Letters a Specialty

Write for full information

503 Commonwealth Bldg. PORTLAND, ORE.

^Rife Hydraulic
Ram

(Pumps Water by Water Power)

Town Water Works,

^^ Railroad Tanks, Irrigation,
Country Homes, Greenliouses.

No AUcnlion—No Ex/icmc — Rum Conlinuouslu.

Operates under 18 inches to 50 feet fall. Elevates water
30 feet each foot of fall. 5000 in successful operation.
Sold on 30 days trial. Catalog and estimate free.

RIFE HYDRAUUC RAM COMPANY,

2103 Trinity Bldg.. New Vopk.

RUPTURE

THE ALL LEATHER TRUSS CO.

DENVER, COLORADO

DRUGLE55 tau^
HEALING MAIL

A profitable profession for men and women who
are not satisfied with present occupation. Our
course of Instruction is no experiment. We teach
Drugless Healing by mall, our course includes
Mechano-Therapy Hydrotherapy, Dietetics, Mental
Healing, Anatomy, Physiology, etc. Simple, prac-
tical, small expense, easy to learn. Diploma when
qualified. Let us send you our new prospectus.
Free by mall. Pilled with valuable Information,
worth dollars to you.

AMERICAN SCHOOL MECHANO-THERAPY,
726 Champlin Bldg., Chicaio.

WHEN YOU BUY A BLOCK OF STOCK

IN THE

Seattle- Boston Copper Company

You Are a Partner in a Number of Mining Properties, Each
One of Which Has Every Prospect of Returning Large Dividends

A small sum invested at the right time in a

COPPER MINE

has made many men rich, why not you? Write
us for prospectus; it costs you nothing if you
mail this advertisement with your address.

SEATTLE- BOSTON COPPER CO.

419-421 Alaska Building, Seattle, U. S. A.

Reference: Any Bank in Seattle

Pleaae mentlsn TUe Pandex when nrrltins to Advertlaera.

440

THE PANDEX

a superb boxer, ring general and puncher. As
there are no feathers worthy of his steel, he will
probably take a crack at some of the light
weights before he retires on his laurels. George
Dixon was a phenomenal featherweight cham-
pion, but he lost his title to poor Terry McGov-
ern. The latter was beaten for the championship
by Young Corbett at 126 pounds, although the
foi-mer had beaten Dixon at 118.

Attell says he will fight any boy in the world
at 122 pounds ringside, but he will not accept a
challenge from Harry Harris to weigh at 3 p. m.,
six hours before entering the ring.

There are several claimants for the bantam
championship, with Frankie Neil in the van.
But it will be a long time before the champion
in this case will be the equal of little Jimmy
Barry of Chicago. Bowker of England is more
of a feather than a bantam and is a pretty smart
proposition at that.

Pugilism has grown to be an intensely interest-
ing sport, and the American public is following
the game closely, but unless the fighters them- ■
selves improve as to quality in all the classes
there is almost sure to be a slump before many
years have elapsed.

SURF RIDING IS ROYAL SPORT

How the Honoluluans Toboggan for Half a Mile
on One Wave.

At Waikiki, near Honolulu, is a famous bathing
beach. Here, winter and summer, the surf ca-
noes, or better yet, the surf board, come dancing
in on the long rollers and men become amphib-
ious.

There is no sensation quite comparable to
riding a surf board on a Pacific roller. It is
tobogganing on a moving hillside of water, or, if
you are clever enough to stand up on your board,
it is taking this hillside on a single big ski.

The beach runs far out before it shelves into
deep water, and at high tide the breakers begin
to mount almost half a mile from the short line.
You go out there with your surf board and wait
for the wave.

You learn to catch it at the right moment,
throw your board inshore and climb upon it just
as the crest of the roller mounts and catches
you. Then on this crest you sail in toward the
shore, to slide down at last when the wave breaks,
down the foaming incline into shallow water and
churning foam. It is royal sport. — Exchange.

( A U06By,l'^ri^E6^IOM -^

IMPRESSIONS OF THE OPERA— NO. 7.

THE PANDEX

441

I have made and sustained
my reputation by curing

DIFFICULT EYE CASES

I devote my entire time and study to the
eye. My personal attention, even to the
smallest detail, Is given to my patients.
Though living In a commercial age money
cannot give me the satisfaction that I re-
ceive from such letters as the one written
a day or two ago by Mrs. F. L. Wintermute
of 121 Second Street, Jackson, Mich., who
wrote me that her
case of cataract,
which had been term-
ed hopeless by others
was entirely cured by
my knifeless home
treatment. It Is the
hundreds of letters
which I receive of
this nature which
make me happy in
the thought that I am
benefiting humanity
and giving vision and
slg)it to those who
otherwise would be
blind and groping in
darkness. I guaran-
tee to cure cross eyes
without knife or bandage. Whatever form
of eye trouble you are suffering from, do not
despair. I can convince you In my Painless
Absorption Method there is hope. IT WILiL
NOT COST YOU ONE CENT to get my pro-
fessional opinion. Just sit down and write
me the nature of your trouble and I will send
you free my 80 page book Illustrated In col-
ors. It tells you who I am, what I have ac-
complished and describes in detail the more
common eye troubles, their causes, effects,
cures and many other things of value.
Write me today and relieve your mind.
F». C. MADISON, M. D.
Suite 311, 80 Denrbom St,, Chlcaso.

tMERICt'S MUTER OCULIST

Chicago Conservatory

Dr. WILUAM WADE HINSHAW, Prwideiii
31st Season

Most Complete Conservatory of Muiic and Dramatic
Art in America. Eminent Faculty of 60 Instructor*.

BRANCHES OF STUDY — Pi.no. VocJ, VioKn, Public S<Jiool
Music, Organ, Theory, Elocution, Oratory, Languase*, Drama and Opera

50 Free and 100 Partial Scholarahipa,

Send Stamp

For Catalogue.

Addrew JOHN A. HINISHAW, Manager
Auditorium Bui]<iing. Chicaso.

C. W. EVANS, C. M. E,

Gold and Copper Mines

and Mining Stocks

Bought and Sold

Dealer in OREGON INVESTMENT SECURITIES

Best References

Ashland,

Oregon

WANTED

for expenses.

10 men in each sute to travel, distribute
samples of our goods and tack advertising
signs. Salary $91 per montb. S) per day

SaundkrsCo., Dept. G., Jackson Blvd. Chicago.

THE GERMAN SAVINGS & LOAN SOCIETY

526 California St., San Francisco, Cal.

Guaranteed Capital and Surplus
Capital actually paid up in cash
DepoaiU, June 30, 1906 - - -

$ 2.552,719.61

1,000,000.00

38.476,520.22

F. Tillmann. Jr.. Presiicnt; Daniel Meyer. First Vicc-Pretidcnt;
Emll Rokte. Scconil Vice-President; A. H. R. Schmidt. Cashier: Wm.
Herrmann. Asst. Cashier; Gearge Tourny. Secretary; A. H. Muller,
Asst. Secretary; Geodfeilaw <i Eells. General Attorneys.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS:

P. Tillmann. Jr.. Daniel Meyer. Emil Rokte. Ign. Steinkart, I. N.
Walter. N. Ohlandt. J. W. Van Bergen, £. T. Kruie. W. S. Goodfellow.

flCH FOR YOUR REAL ESTATE

vjadu or business

No matter where located. If yon want yonr
property sold quickly send ns description
and price ; or if you want to buy tell us your
requirements. We can save yon money,
STERLING REALTY COMPANY

MACK BUILDING, DENVER, COLO.

JM|

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442

THE PANDEX

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THE PANDEX OF THE PRESS

Edited by Arthur I. Street

INDEX TO CONTENTS

5enes

II.

APRIL, 1907

Vol. V, No. 4

COVER — Woman Suffragist. Adapted from
Cartoon by Bradley In the Chicago News.

FRONTISPIECE^"CoId Feet."

EDITORIAI> — Shall It Pass to the Women? 443

BY WAY OF ILLUSTRATION 450

Half Mile of Women 450

New York to Copy London 452

Feel Hope for Suffrage 452

Iowa Women Ask Suffrage 454

Bitter Against Liquor 454

Women March Thru the Capitol 454

Seeks to Uplift France 456

To Improve Irish Race 456

Sunday "Lid" Increases "Jags"? 456

Modern Portias Who Succeed 457

Pittsburg's Successful Women 458

Women Build Club House 458

Reforming Chicago Husbands 460

Want Half of Men's Wages 460

Militarism vs. Woman . . . 460

Rich Women Make Dirt Fly 462

Calls Men Cause of Vice 462

Attacks Race-suicide Theory 462

Girls Taught to Earn Wages 462

Society Women Cause Girls' Fall 463

Think Children Should Toil 463

One Million Divorces 463

All Creeds In Vice War 464

Girl Dances Down a Swindler 464

Widows Decline in Market 465

Gives Birth to Quintette 465

Mother Sold Baby for Shilling 465

Wife's Notice Makes Town Chuckle 465

Woman's Rights Helped Him 465

16,500,000 Microbes 466

END OF SMOOT FIGHT 466

VERSE — Da Boy From Rome 469

OR TO THE MEN •'? 470

Fairbanks and the Corporations 470

Roosevelt and a Third Term 472

Taft Runs Next to Roosevelt 472

Ohio Annoyed at Foraker 472

Shaw's Hopes Blasted ; 474

To Defeat Foraker 47B

Hughes Boom Spreads 476

All Talking About Knox 476

Hoke Smith for President 476

Taft's Son Asks a Question 478

ON NEW SHOULDERS 478

As a Possible President 478

The Problem and the Man 480

Cortelyou Bats Mince Pie 481

AND IF TO MEN ? 482

Why Stevens Resigned 482

Roosevelt Tired of Bickering 484

Who Major Goethals Is 484

Denies Blocking Canal 485

Offers to Dig Canal 486

Accomplished By the Government 486

THE CHEMISTRY OP Vl^ATER 488

Crisis, If Truth Is Told, A 488

Prediction of Trade Reaction 490

"Rich Man's Panic," A 490

Frick Makes Millions 491

VERSE — Ma Can't Vote ***

THE CLOSING OF THE SESSION 495

Roosevelt Still the Leader 495

Used Democrats as Club 496

Record of the Two Years 496

As Seen By a Senator 499

Appropriations and Comparisons 502

LEGISLATIVE ROORBACKS 505

Rage for Two-Cent Fares, The 505

Action By the States 506

Calls Rate Laws Dangerous 506

Will Fight Two-Cent Fares 506

Anti-Pass Bill Prevails 507

Truesdale Deplores War 508

Danger in Two-Cent Fares • 508

Folk Urges Freight Laws 508

Iowa and Freight Rates 509

Railroads Raise Their Rates 510

Attacks Pullman Company 510

Bunching Hits at Railroads 510

New York Governor Strikes 511

Illinois Attacks Harriman 512

Franchises May Be Sold 512

Road Hit for $6,000,000 Tax 612

Phone Trust Strikes Snag . 512

For the Taxing of Corporations 615

Minneapolis Cuts Car Fare 615

IN THE SPIRIT OF CONCII.IATION 616

Ryan Talks with Roosevelt 616

Queer Ideas of President 517

Leaning the President's Way 518

Sees Only Good In Inquiries 518

President's Appeal to the Public 618

Plans to Curb Harrlman 518

Harrlman Changes Front 620

Schlff on New York Panic 521

Ryan's Views 522

Harrlman, The Man 522

CONCII.IATION AMONG THB3 NATIONS 523

Britain Takes the Lead 623

New York for The Hague 523

Study of International Law 524

Japanese Muddle Ends 525

Common People of Japan 526

German African Budget Safe 526

Cordial to Head of Duma 527

French Crisis Passed 528

Tariff Trouble with France 528

In Line for Trade Peace 528

Home Rule for Ireland 528

'WEAKNESS IN PERSIA 530

KAISER BALKED BY ROOSEVELT 534

GRAFT IN RUSSIAN FAMINE 536

TRAGEDY OF INNOCENCE 538

VERSE — Banqueting Board, The 540

verse; — Monastery Bells, by Alfred Austin... 546

BETWEEN GOD AND MAMMON 547

Eddy Riches Not Great 648

Zlon in Fear of Dowle 648

"Tainted Money? I'll Take It" 549

Bible Society a Trust .' 550

For a Religious Trust 560

Subsidizes Salvation Army 651

Ghost Aids in Finance 651

Trouble for Flying Rollers 652

Seeks Economites' Wealth o52

"Only Great Unbeliever" 554

LEADER OP THE THEOSOPHISTS 554

Olcott and Blavatsky - 566

THE AMERICAN JESTER 560

Railroads and Finance 5C0

Rapid Transit 562

Automobiles 562

President and Politics 664

Thaw Case, The 668

Chivalry 568

Family Relations 670

Fun With the Language 672

Kingston Et Al 674

Vanity 674

Religion and Morality 576

Society 576

Municipal Government 576

UNDER RUNNING FIRE — Told in Cartoons... 578

Published the First of Each Month by

THE CALKINS NEWSPAPER SYNDICATE

Entered at the San Francisco Postoflice as Second-Class Mail Matter

Office and Editorial T^ooms

24 CLAY STREET. SAN FRANCISCO
TRIBUNE BLDQ, NEW YORK

HARTFORD BLDQ, CHICAGO

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'COLD FEET."

The Old Style, A. D. 1777.

The New, A. D. 1907.

-Chicago News.

THE PANDEX OF THE PRESS.

APRIL, 1907

Series II

Vol. V No. 4

Shall It Pass to the Women?

By the Editor

An Elemental

Turning

Point

Since the Thaw ease has
turned the moral sense of
the nation with the nausea
of social shame, and since
the Harriman revelations have disclosed
the ruthless indifference of big business to
the principles of commercial equity, and while,
also, in the game of politics so palpably
foreign an issue as the restriction of child
labor is trumped up to reinforce an old
warfare over state rights, the sudden bring-
ing to the front of the cause of woman
suffrage marks what may prove to be one
of the great elemental turning points in
current history.

Early

Moralities
Forgotten

their mothers
culcations of

For underneath all three of
these typical incidents lie
the fundamental problems
with which men wrestle at
knees, and the primary in-
which, derived essentially
from the minds of women, men forget
only when, in the stress and variations of
experience, they grow too far removed from
feminine direction. In the White-Thaw
tragedy, for instance, and in the causes
leading up to it, there is little to be found,

in the final sifting, other than a departure
from the rudimentary lessons of personal
cleanliness and self-respect, of restraint of
anger, and of pure-mindedness toward
women; while in all the tremendous mach-
inations of Mr. Harriman, with their in-
finite consequences of good and evil, there
is nothing but the stifling of the most or-
dinary principles of unselfishness, nothing
but the almost complete forgetting of the
fairness, justice, and generosity to one's
fellows which are taught in the family cir-

That French savant who has written a book
advocating polygamy may be honest in his views,
but he may as well not think of ever being a
candidate for the United States Senate.

— Chicago News.

444

THE PANDEX

eles of every home that has a good mother
at its head.

Progress into the intricacies of modern
living, and especially the development of
great fortunes accompanied by a corre-
sponding distribution of the means of
pleasure, have led the common mind avray
from its normal moorings and obscured its
traditional standards, until, without these
guiding factors, it allows its excesses to
culminate in the assassination of one pervert
by another or in the "squeezing out" of
twelve to twenty millions of dollars from
the pockets of his countrymen within
forty-eight hours, by one man who, for the
moment, has the power and is careless of
who suffers by his use of it.

theless. For the women who besieged the
British houses of Parliament, and after-
ward suffered imprisonment for their in-
sistence, must have -been led by some im-
pulse much more vitally associated with
their mental and spiritual contentment than
the mere franchise to vote ; while the won-
derfully well-organized movements before
the legislatures of Illinois, Iowa, California,
and other states, could not have commanded
the support of some of the most influential
men and women which was offered to them,
had the only issue been as to whether men's
wives, daughters, and sisters should go to
the polls and cast their ballots with the
males.

Wherein

Men Have

Failed

Converted into the homely
phraseology of youth, tha
first-mentioned incident is
only the impassioned pum-
raeling of one boy by another, while the
second is merely the pinching, browbeating,
and torturing of the 'small fry' by the
bully of the school. It is the thing in large
which the parents seek to render impossible
when it appears on a smaller scale in early
life. It is the thing which one would
expect that women, least of all, could pa-
tiently endure, because it must seem to them
like the negation of all that they have
taught. And if men, with their multiple
centuries of empirical study and their power
derived from protracted practice, can pro-
duce no better result, it is not to be won-
dered at that there is a pressure from the
female element of the population for a more
active and intimate participation in the
governing organization and for a greater
and more definite agency of rectification.

The Fight
of the
Women

To be sure, this explicitness
of reason may or may not
be the motive of most of the
particular steps which
women, of late, have been taking toward
suffrage and other social and economic
privileges ; but it is, in effect, the aim, never-

London

As a New

Pioneer

London, even to a greater
degree than any city in
America, is beset with its
social ills and hindered in
the progress of its reforms by the per-
tinacity of its male legislators. The House
of Lords, with its vested rights and its per-
petuity in office, has, of late, set its blun-
dering foot in the way of one of the few
measures recently proposed for the better-
ment of educational conditions in the com-
mon schools, and Parliament after Parlia-
ment has granted but a deaf ear to the
open pities of Ireland. The shames of the
metropolitan slums in the East End have
not been washed by any new waters of
reform since the invention of the Salvation
Army, and the campaign for an equitable
assessment of the rich, as led by John
Burns, recently met as disastrous a defeat
as the income tax once met in America.

Yet the women of Great Britain by vir-
tue of a long-cherished custom of sharing
in the political thoughts and plans of their
husbands and families, are as well capable,
mentally, of acting with wisdom upon pub-
lic affairs as are the men; and they must,
in corresponding degree, feel the irritation
and disgust which the contemplation of
uncorrected wrongs naturally instils. They
have the example of their enfranchised sis-
ters in Australia to point to, and, further-

THE PANDEX

more, they face, as mothers of a people, the wealth, while the narrow-bound Japan, with

one fate which, of all fates, most sorely her millions of restless, newly awakened

weighs upon the heart of a loyal maternity; denizens, spreads her astute ingenuities over

namely, the threatened decline of the nation all lands and seas and almost becomes the

itself. Great in letters, great in trade, superior partner in the pact of mutual sup-

WHY NOT TEST THEIR SANITY EARLIER?

Let the Gilded Youths Be Examined Before They Start Out to See the World.

— Chicago News.

great in political scholarship, Britain never- port made between England and the

theless is compelled to witness herself being Mikado some years ago. Even in art and

outstript by countries younger, naturally literature America invades the British

richer, and less conservatively judicious, sanctuaries, and American women become

America surpasses her in the magnificence the brides of many of England's noblest

of quickly acquired and lavishly expended scions.

446

THE PANDEX

Obviously there is a call to

Demand .

someone or some source to

bring new elements of en-

for
New Agencies

tallized that continued opposition to or dis-
regard of them is neither likely nor wise.

ergy and potency into play
within the kingdom; and, as there is no
element which has not as yet had expres-
sion save the vote of women, the movement
of the hour becomes the uprise of the women
in demand for the franchise. Nor, appa-
rently, is this demand confined to any
closely margined class, or any restricted
group. Title and labor alike participated
in the recent suffrage parades, and the
women who were liberated from the impris-
onment they underwent for the demonstra-
tions before the House of Commons were
banqueted by many of the most influential
individuals in London. The premier him-
self assured the sponsors of the movement
of his personal support, and the measure
formally granting suffrage was only de-
feated in Parliament thru being talked to
death, much as the ship subsidy bill was
filibustered out of existence in the late ses-
sion of the United States Congress.

Moreover, such is the ardent
Has Force •, . • ■• , ^,

determination and the con-
Revolution fi<ience of the propagandists
that their leaders have been
quoted as saying they would sacrifice their
hair, and perhaps even change their form of
dress, if necessary, to further the campaign.
Thus, as the supprest half (or more than
half) of the community, their protest
against further silence assumes almost the
force of peaceable revolution. It brings to
the front a mass of conviction and purpose
which is resolved that at least a reasonable
share of its faith and intentions shall be
grafted upon the body of the nation's stat-
utes. And whether its demands be granted
or not, the movement becomes a virtual
notice to lawmakers and nation-directors
that social conditions can no longer be ad-
ministered without reference to the point
of view of woman. If the latter are not
yet strongly enough organized to secure
their franchise, they are at least so well erys-

Great Progress

in
United States

Similarly in the United
States. The woman suffra-
gists have gone before one
legislature after another
with their petition for the electoral privi-
lege, and, tho there have been no such
scenes attending the visits, and no such calls
upon the fairly fanatic devotion of the
movement's adherents, as have been seen
and heard in England, there has been the
same evidence of a widely spread solidarity
of purpose. Individuals have appeared in
the movement who, a few years ago, would
have scouted and scorned the idea to the
utmost degree; and members in the legis-
latures have taken the lead in furthering
the cause who, formerly, would not have
dared to face the public obloquy or ridicule
which at that time would have been sure to
ensue. Indeed so comprehensive and thoro
has been the work done in the suffrage
behalf that it is impossible for a close ob-
server to believe that any other result than
the complete victory of the cause will be
the story at the end of a few more legis-
lative periods.

Women
Have Been
in Training

And this, no matter whether
one approves or abhors the
event. Women have been
building themselves toward
this suffrage qualification, both consciously
and unconsciously, ever since they set out
upon the era of clubs. Beginning, first,
with the more or less social pastimes of
literary readings and sewing circles, and
graduating thru the charity organizations
into such practically constructive under-
takings as the making of children's play-
grounds, the ornamentation of towns and
villages, the preservation of forests, and the
protection of institutions of art and learning,
they have approached steadily to the point
Vvherein their qualifications for government
can not be much less, if any, than those of
men. Furthermore, they have ventured into

THE PANDEX

447

the fields of business, until within less than
a month two young women of Missouri have
been able to borrow the large sum of three-
quarters of a million dollars for the pur-
chase of 1,600,000 acres of empty land in
New Mexico, which are to be led thru the
difficult and forbidding process of being
made to pay. Teaching trades to girls has

In fact, it can.be but a question of time,
should the present trend of woman's affairs
be maintained, before the feminine life wiil
have become so exactly parallel to that of
the male, that the infusion into the political
organizations will follow almost without
observation or comment. Men, who now
alone have the franchise, will find them-

become as much of a feature of education,
almost, as has the teaching of trades to
boys. And in the field of Momus, where
only the shrewd practices of the Jew, with
his centuries of training in the keen pursuit
of money, have hitherto sufficed to maintain
a managerial ascendency, woman is already
giving the public much of the best and most
profitable work that is offered upon tht
stage.

— Pittsburg Gazette-Times.

selves turning to the women for advice in
those matters in which women have been
specially trained. They will find themselves
using them in political affairs, as they have
used them in the past in business, then con-
sulting with them, and finally, at times,
submitting to them as so many able busi-
ness men submitted to the superior acumen
of Mrs. Reader in her phenomenal negoti-
ations in South America, London, and the

448

THE PANDEX

Southern States, or as virtually all honor-
able men submit to them in their homes.

Can They
Infuse Their
Principles?

Then, with this stage
reached, there can be but
one issue to follow, namely,
as to whether the principles
which are so rudimentary in woman as the
co-director of the home will continue to
live and apply themselves with equal force
in woman as a co-director in the state. The
feminine clearness of insight and instan-
taneity of judgment will be tested against
the complexities of a huge machine of trade
ttnd commerce, of law and justice, which
man has reared almost solely upon the basis
of his own inductive reasoning. Her capac-
ity to instil the principles and ideals which
regulate the life about the hearthstone, and
which, in any event, man acknowledges to
be the only true and honorable guides to
conduct, will be measured against the ex-
traordinary conditions and difficulties
which, in many respects at least, have been
too great for the skill of the male. She
will be put to .it, for instance, to determine
how to apply to the onward rush of mone-
<,ary passion the staying hand of truth and
honor and yet retain alive and thriving the
spirit which makes for American success.
She may have to take upon her shoulders
the problem of what to do with the children
of the second generation, both of the rich
and the poor in order that the former may
not run to the wild excesses which terminate
in White-Thaw tragedies and that the
latter may not decline to the blind preju-
dices which justify the conduct of a Ruef
or encourage the plots and assassinations
v/hich carry away a Governor Steunenberg;
while at the same time she will have to see
to it that neither is allowed to lose the
attributes which are bom to him from the
station and conditions -n^iich he inherits,
namely, those of culture and refinement in
the one case, and of virility and democratic
patriotism in the other. Inevitably there
will fall upon her the unsolved issue of the
immoral, the question of what shall be done
not on'y to preserve the race against the

degenerate pursuit of lust but also to pre-
vent the commitment to a Coventry which is
worse than imprisonment of the woman
who violates the canons and who, for the
one violation discovered, has no more op-
portunity to rise to public esteem than has
the released convict to evade the pursuing
vigilance of the police and the Pinkertons.

The Test of
Her Own
Selfishness

Nor will so strictly mascu-
line a topic as the spread
of militarism and the offense
and defense of nations es-
cape from the field of th-e new feminine
obligations. For loyalty to country has its
traditions more deeply rooted in the history
of woman, almost, than in that of man,
and whether the men of the future are to
war with the gun and the explosive or to
settle their disputes in the calm courts of
The Hague and under the dome of insti-
tutions whose inspiration is internationnl
law will be determined quite as largely by
woman in practical politics as by the ma-
ternal inculcations before the fireside.
Besides, it is largely in and around the
growth of militarism, in America at least,
with- all its pomp and all its fixity of ranlc
and privilege, that the increasing spirit of
class distinction and class pride finds its
chief impulses. Women of Society marry
their daughters, with growing frequency, to
the men who wear the officers' gold and
braid, and the "affairs" of the National
Capital measure their eclat mainly in ac-
cordance with the amount of military, naval,
and ambassadorial display which their
promoters are able to assemble. Within this
sphere, women may be called to the first
great test of their own ability to exalt the
common interest above the individual love
of eminence, wealth and power. And accord-
ing as they succeed or fail in this vital un-
dertaking are many of the male factors of
the community likely to measure the value
of women's introduction into actual, voting
government.

If woman is to be the arch example of
social caste, and if man, in the ardor of his
desire that woman shall lack nothing which

THE PANDEX

449

1907 VERSION OF A GREAT HISTORICAL ROMANCE.

"Well, well! my son, what does this mean?"

"I don't remember."

"What have you got in your hand there, George? Answer me this instant.""

"I don't remember."

"George, did you or did you not chop down that cherry tree?"

"I can not tell."

"What's that! You can't, eh? Well, we'll soon see!"

"Hold on, father, I hadn't finished the sentence. I can not tell — a lie, father. I did it with
my little hatchet, but I was temporarily insane at the time."

"You were, eh?"

"Yes, sir. I was suffering from a persecutory delusion."

"What's that got t6 do with the cherry tree?"

"The cherry tree was a constant menace to my happiness,
grow up and produce branches that might be productive of great physical discomfort to me
I decided to do away with it."

"Do j'ou know what I've decided to do, George?"

"No, father, but I hope you won't have a brain storm, father. Think of my youth, father."

"Do you know what you deserve, son?"

"I don't remember, but I hope you won't take any drastic action. It won't do the tree
any good, and it will spoil a good story." — Chicago Tribune.

I thought that the tree would

450

THE PANDEX

human effort can give her, must perforce
continue the strain for the making of abun-
dant dollars for woman to spend, there is
no alteration visible in the prophetic sky
of those conditions which have but now led
to the operations of Harriman, to the
chagrin and disgrace of Evelyn Nesbit, to
the subordination of the monumental work
at Panama to the quest of dollars and high
salaries. But, on the other hand, if the
great and average level of woman's pur-
pose and endeavor is rather to be measured
by the sincerity of her life in clubs, the fore-
sight and wisdom of her public works so
far as the latter have gone, than vy the
relative pettiness of the Society columns and
the fashion pages, the profligacy of New
York's cafes, or the spendthriftiness of
Newport's drawing rooms, there can be lit-
tle doubt that economic and politic condi-
tions are face to face with a searching and
far-reaching change by reason of the ad-
vance of the cause of woman suffrage.

May Create

New Ethical

Era

Inured, from the days of the
first cradle, to the over-
coming of the subterfuges
and ingenuities of children,
to counteracting the impulses of falsehood,
and to enforcing the spirit of reciprocation
and chivalry, she should be able to spread
new lessons thru every element of the body
politic. Thru gifts of persistence and cour-
age, generated in the early circumstances
of home and struggle, she should be able to

fight an issue with the tenacity of President
Roosevelt, and thereby carry into the gov-
ernment a wide extension of the power
which has made Mr. Roosevelt's administra-
tion so phenomenal. Thru her quick percep-
tions of evasion and equivocation, she
should be able to demonstrate, as Mr. Roose-
velt, Mr. La Follette, Mr. Hughes, Mr.
Folk, and others have already begun to do,
that it does not pay to exercise these false
gifts in the relations between a man's or a
corporation's affairs and the interests of
the people. By virtue of her gentler qualifi-
cations, including those of personal win-
someness and of the attributes which so
easily commend themselves to men's gal-
lantry, she should be able to inculcate the
lesson that kindly consideration of the wel-
fare of others, in contrast to such exclusive
adherence to the interests of oneself as has
been maintained by the constituents of The
System, admits its disciple, after all, to a
greater contentment and a greater self-
gratulation than all other success that
modern life offers or modern ambition
achieves.

And if, thus, she infuses into the modern
nations a new recollection of the . simple
and defensible truths and ideals which are
still taught in the home and the school,
but which men forget so soon under the
strain of competitive self-support, she will
have contributed to the starting of the
world upon a new course. She will have
been the principal factor in the creating of
a new ethical and political era.

By Way of Illustration

INCIDENTS FROM ALL OVER THE WORLD INDICATING THE GROWTH

OF WOMAN'S PARTICIPATION IN PRACTICAL

GOVERNMENT.

HALF-MILE OF WOMEN

Thousands of Suffragists March Through Rain
and Mud.
The scope of the suffrage movement in
England is reflected in the following from

the Associated Press dispatches to the
Philadelphia North American :

London. — Titled women, clad in silk and vel-
vet; women with university degrees; girl gradu-
ates, in caps and gowns; women artists, members
of the Lyceum and other women's clubs, temper-

THE PANDEX

451

Ton bava oconpted my brain

Till I'm perfectly Insane;

My exaggerated ejo Ifll patu yoTX

When I think of you, I faint

With a psyohopathlo taint

And a fulmlnatlaff atata of mental mania.

O, will you be my valentine?

No one else's— only mine?

I'm a perfect paranoiac about yoat

1 have only one Idea,

And that one seems to be a

Wlia.Ueluslon that I cannot live wlthoxit yotl.

III.
I've the Blarlnc of the eye.
The wild and frenzied si^h.
That's peculiar to the multlmaulao;
My cerebellum curds
With the rapid flow of words
M-entioned by the expert testlmanlao.

I have Cupid on the brain,

Adolescantly insane.

With a mildly molaaoholy exaltation.

My thoughts ore syncopated.

With aphasia I am Crnlghted,

And my nerves keep up a rajrtlmo agitation.

My reason's on a visit —

IC It isn't love— what Is It?

My mental symptoms give me such a pain.

But wnan Valoutines have past

I'll recover mighty fast.

For I'm. only intermittently Insana.

AN UP-TO-DATE BALLAD OF A BRAIN STORMER.

— Chicago Record-Herald.

452

THE PANDEX

ance advocates, and women textile workers, gath-
ered from all parts of the country this afternoon
and marched in procession through the rain and
muddy streets of London in support of the move-
ment in favor of woman suffrage.

The participants in the demonstration were
marshaled at Hyde Park and, with bands and
banners, marched through Piccadilly, Regent
Street, and Pall Mall, to Trafalgar Square and
Exeter Hall, where a public meeting was held.

Speakers demanded the early attention of Par-
liament to the bill providing for the enfranchise-
ment of women.

Among the demonstrators were such well-
known persons as Lady Frances Balfour, sister
of the ex-premier; Lady Maud Parry, and other
titled women ; Mrs. Fawcett, widow of the former
postmaster-general, and most of the leaders of
the more important suffrage societies, who are
utterly opposed to the militant methods of the
so-called 'suffragettes,' who recently were ex-
pelled from the House of Commons by policemen
and committed to prison for disturbing the
peace.

There were several thousand women in the pro-
cession, which was half a mile long.

Plans are already laid for the pioneer work,
which has been done in England, and the male
voters, if they still pre-empt the privileges of
the ballot, will exercise them under the direct
inspection of the women.

NEW YORK TO COPY LONDON

Suffragettes in the Empire State Plan to Make a
Forceful Campaign.
The contagiousness of the London exam-
ple is to be inferred, in part, from the fol-
lowing in the New York World:

Whether the example of the English suffra-
gettes, who stormed the House of Parliament and,
as a result, have gone to jail, may be the match
to kindle a feminine revolution in the United
States, is the question now disturbing the minds
of the leaders of the movement for the enfran-
chisement for women here.

All are agreed that the differing political con-
ditions of the two countries must necessitate
some change in the tactics of the women desiring
the vote on this side of the water, but opinions
are divided as to the need of violence in the
pressing home of their demands. Many of the
radicals cry out that it is onl-" by such determina-
tion the men will be convinced of the absolute
sincerity of the women, and all concede that,
whatever the means used, the end is much nearer
in view for the Englishwomen.

Since the agitation of the suffragettes has be-
come so pronounced it is well known that Amer-
ican sympathizers have been approached for the
organization of a similar endeavor here, and that
tried and proved lieutenants of the British
would-be voters have been tirelessly preaching
the doctrine of the capture of the ballot by as-
sault.

A mass-meeting to further the cause has been
projected, and it is now definitely certain that
another year will see a marked difference in the
measures employed by the suffragists in New
York City.

FEEL HOPE FOR SUFFRAGE

Women End National Convention and Are Elated
at Prospects.
Something of the strength of the Amer-
ican suffrage organization was developed in
the national convention at Chicago, of
which the following report is taken from
the Chicago Tribune:

With prophecies that before the delegates meet
again in October, 1908, the Society will have a
paid membership of 48,000, with 1,800,000 more
persons pledged to support its aims, the National
Woman Suffrage Association closed its conven-
tion in the Fine Arts Building.

The week of meetings was declared by the offi-
cials of the Association to have been successful.
The Reverend Anna Howard Shaw, president,
said it was the most successful convention in the
history of the organization.

"I have been asked to express the results of
our work," she said, in making the closing re-
marks before adjournment. "In a word, the re-
sult is that we are going home inspired to take
up our work we left to come here, the toil toward
the goal of our organization, that will continue
until it is won. The ballot will be ours, and that
is only a means toward the great end. When we
have that we can begin anew, and our societies
will reorganize as classes for instruction in the
use of the ballot. Then our children and our
grandchildren can go on with the tool we will
leave them as a heritage."

President Shaw administered a severe rebuke
to politicians in a humorous discourse in which
she asserted that President Eliot, of Harvard,
did not understand the meaning of several En-
glish words when he stated that "universal suf-
frage exists in the United States."

"I never had a party," she said, "and I have
only made one partisan speech. That was twenty
years ago, and if the Lord will forgive me for
that I'll never do it again unless I have better
reasons than I had then. I am not wise enough
to be a Republican, -not good enough to be a
Democrat, I have not suffered enough to be a
Socialist, and I am not sober enough to be a Pro-
hibitionist. Since I couldn't be anything, I de-
cided to be everything."

In the budget of resolutions introduced by
Henry B. Blackwell, of Boston, at the afternoon
session, the one most loudly applauded was that
relating to the storming of the House of Com-
mons by the women suffragists of England. It
read as follows:

"Be it resolved, That we extend our sympathy
to the members of the Woman's Social and Polit-
ical Union of England in their heroic struggle

THE PANDEX

453

454

THE PANDEX

for liberty, and that we glory in the fact that
there are women to-day so imbued with the love
of liberty that with sublime courage they are
willing, to suffer stripes and imprisonment that
women may be free."

IOWA WOMEN ASK SUFFRAGE

Lobbyists Gain Promise From Many Legislators
to Aid Their Cause.

An instance of the methods of approach-
ing the state legislatures is aflPorded in the
following from the Chicago Tribune :

Des Moines, la. — This was "Woman's Day"
at the Capitol. The visitors were the women's
suffrage lobby. Their objective point was the
house chamber, and the thing most earnestly
pleaded for was votes for the minority report
from the committee on constitutional amend-
ments and suffrage, which recommended the reso-
lution for a constitutional amendment conferring
suffrage on women.

As soon as the House adjourned missionaries
were sent to the desks of the members who re-
mained while others were delegated to watch the
doors of committee rooms and tackle the legis-
lators as soon as the committees adjourned.

Mrs. Dane, the legislative representative of
the Woman Suffrage Association, had the forces
in charge and directed their movements with
good generalship.

"All we ask is a fair chance for this resolu-
tion," they declared. "Give us a vote for the
minority report and let the resolution have a
show on the floor of the House. Don't kill it,
please, by adopting that horrid majority report."

Occasionally some obdurate legislator would
bring up the time-worn argument that "the wo-
man's place was at the fireside and her greatest
glory the rearing of her children to become good
men and women." Whenever this argument was
produced the workers were ready for it.

' ' Yes, we know that 's true in a measure, ' ' they
said, "but just look at Mrs. So and So. She's
raised a family of children who would be a credit
to any parents and yet she has for years been
leader in the suffrage cause in Iowa."

This reply was a settler and the interview usu-
ally ended with the member humbly promising
to vote for the minority report.

The work of the women was carried on so act-
ively and systematically that before evening but
few of the one hundred and eight members of the
House had not been given an opportunity to
promise to vote for the minority report.

BITTER AGAINST LIQUOR

Strenuous Attitude of New Head of World's
Christian Temperance Union.
One of the pioneer movements which
served to crystallize the public activities of

women was that of the Woman's Christian
Temperance Union. Concerning the latest
phase of this organization the Philadelphia
North American said:

London.— With the appointment of the Count-
ess of Carlisle to the presidency of the World's
Woman's Christian Temperance Union, the
cause of prohibition has been given new impetus
in the British Isles.

From early childhood the Countess has been
devoted to the cause of temperance. With her
husband's aid she has done much to bring about
needed reforms in various parts of the country.

With the Countess of Aberdeen and Lady
Henry Somerset, the Countess of Carlisle ranks
as one of the most business-like women, the most
active in politics, and the most eloquent in plat-
form speaking of Great Britain. She personally
superintends all her entei-prises. Like Queeii
Victoria, she goes about in the most unpreten-
tious fashion, and is personally acquainted with
every man, woman, and child on her estates.

The laws which the Countess is now seeking
are for the prohibition of the sale of liquors to
minors, and for the elimination of the barmaid
system. Lady Dorothy Howard represented her
mother in the World's Woman's Christian Tem-
perance Union convention in Boston, when the
Countess of Carlisle was chosen world's pre.si-
dent.

The only law as yet procured to mitigate the
practice of sending children for liquor has been
a provision that the liquor must be carried in
covered receptacles, thus decreasing the tempta-
tion.

WOMEN MARCH THRU THE CAPITOL

Temperance Advocates Spend Two Hours Walk-
ing Through Corridors at Washington.
Another phase of the work of the same
organization is described in the Chicago
Tribune as follows:

Washington, D. C. — Temperance advocates one
thousand strong marched through the National
Capitol in support of the bill introduced by Rep-
resentative Webber, of Ohio, to rid the District
of Columbia of the liquor traffic.

Men, women, and children, representing a
score of total abstinence orders and the leading
churches of the District, formed the procession,
which moved through the Capitol for more than
two hours, while Representative Webber and
other prohibition advocates were speaking before
the House Committee on the District of Columbia
in an effort to secure a favorable report on the
bill.

Repeatedly the crusaders moved about the
rotunda under the great dome of the capitol, and
again and again the leaders of the movement re-
marked: "We're moving just as around the
walls of Jericho, and the barriers of the demon
rum will fall."

THE PANUEX

453

THE HUMAN SACRIFICE.

-Chicago Tribune.

456

THE PANDEX

SEEKS TO UPLIFT FRANCE

Miss Leclere Leaves Fund for Teachers to "In-
culcate Morality and Virtue."
The extent to which woman's passion to
benefit one's country in a new and vital
manner can go is illustrated in the follow-
ing from the New York Herald:

Miss Louise H. Leclere, who gave French les-
sons to many well-known New York residents,
left the greater part of her fortune to charitable
and benevolent institutions, with the announce-
ment that her special object was to raise France
' ' from her present low moral state. ' '

The Academie Francaise de I'lnstitut de
France is to have the income of a trust fund of
100,000 francs to establish a triennial prize. The
income is to he allowed to accumulate for three
years, and then, and at the end of every three
years thenceforward, it shall be paid to such lay
school mistress in the territories of France as
shall, in the judgment of such Academie, "have
most distinguished herself by her moral influence
over her nupils and by her zeal and success in
inculcating in their minds sound principles of
morality and virtue."

She gives 100,000 francs to the Faeulte de
Theologie Protestante de Montauban, in France,
the income to be used for as many free scholar-
ships as it will provide for.

"Such scholarships to be allowed," says the
will, "first, to the sons of poor clergymen in
France intending to become ministers of the Gos-
pel as may desire same; and, secondly, in the
absence of such, to any other poor young man-
wishing to become a minister of the Gospel or a
missionary. This bequest is in memory of my
mother and is to be known as the Fonds Gui-
naud."

All the remainder of the estate is to be divided
equally between the French Evangelical Church,
in West Sixteenth Street, and the Societe Pro-
testante pour 1 'Encouragement de 1 'Instruction
Primaire en France.

Miss Leclere made this explanation of her be-
quests :

"My object in giving institutions in France so
large a portion of my means is twofold, namely,
to raise her from her present low moral state,
and thus prevent her from doing so much harm
to this country, in which she exerts so potent an
influence. ' '

under consideration the proposal to form a wom-
an's association in Ireland for the considera-
tion of health problems and, at the request of Her
Excellency, the Northern Whig recently pub-
lished a preliminary notice regarding the move-
ment, prepared by Her Excellency, in which the
object, methods, and constitution of the associa-
tion are set forth. It is proposed to form a
womans national association in Ireland, with the
object of arousing public opinion, and especially
that of the women of Ireland, to a sense of their
responsibility regarding the public health, and
of spreading the knowledge of what may be done
in every home and by every householder to
guard against disease, and to promote the up-
bringing of a healthy and vigorous race, of en-
listing the sympathy and interest of women in
the important question of infant mortality. It is
proposed to form first a general council for the
whole of Ireland, to which all sympathizers with
the movement shall be invited to belong, and
from which a working central committee can be
appointed, with branches in every part of Ire-
land. Her Excellency, the Countess of Aber-
deen, has undertaken to act as president of the
association, and to preside at inaugural meet-
ings of the society in DubUn, Belfast, and Cork.

TO IMPROVE IRISH RACE

Irishwomen, Led by Countess of Aberdeen, Start
an Important Movement.

Another illustration of the same thing is

ai?orded in the following from the St. Louis

Globe-Democrat :

Limavady, Ireland. — For some time past Her
Excellency, the Countess of Aberdeen, has had

SUNDAY 'LID' INCREASES 'JAGS'?

Records of St. Louis Oflce Show Large Gain in
Deaths From Alcoholism.
An aspect of the temperance cause which
is not so gratifying to the Woman's Chris-
tian Temperance Union as most of that or-
ganization's members would have it be is
reflected in the following from the Chicago
Tribune :

St. Louis, Mo. — The death statistics of the
mortuary office disclose some startling figures
that have interesting bearing upon the discussion
of the effect of Governor Folk's rigid enforce-
ment of the Sunday 'lid' in St. Louis. It has
been found that the increase in deaths from alco-
holic causes during the second year following
strict enforcement of the 'lid' has been eighty-
nine and one-sixth per cent over the first year of
the enforcement, and sixty-five and two-thirds
per cent over the year immediately preceding the
'lid.'

The 'lid' went on early in April, 1905. During
the twelve months ending on March 31, 1906, the
records show the death of twenty-eight alcoholic
patients. The records this year already show
fifty-three deaths, and March's story remains to
be told. From statistics of the cases treated
weekly at City Hospital it is thought by the
authorities that the year's increase will reach
one hundred per cent. There were only thirty-
one deaths in 1903, the period of the World's
Fair.

THE PANDEX

457

MODERN PORTIAS WHO SUCCEED

Twenty-Seven Women Lawyers May Practice in
Federal Courts.

The expansion of woman's activities into

spheres other than political, but which at the

same time encroach upon the field of the

1900, one thousand and ten women lawyers in
the United States. The number has increased
considerably since, and, as a rule, the country's
Portias are doing well financially.

A woman lawyer in Chicago, who at one time
earned $1.25 a week as maid-of-all-work in an
Iowa farmhouse, is now credited with an income
from her practice of $10,000 a year.

HONOR TO WHOM HONOR IS DUE.

Mr. Rockefeller (if he were really polite)— "Allow me! You must share the bouquets with me.
It was mostly your money that I gave away." — Chicago News.

men, is set forth in the following from th.;
Philadelphia North American:

Are women successful in the role of lawyer?
Is the legal profession one of inviting promise to
those of the fair sex who wish to take advanced
position in the battle of life?

According to the last census there were, in

Every lawyer in the country desires to have it
known that he is qualified to practice before the
Supreme Court of the United States. Twenty-
seven women now enjoy that distinction. Until
recently there were twenty-eight, but one, Mrs.
Myra Bradwell, of Chicago, has died since at-
taining the summit of her ambition.

"I should hesitate, however, to advise the legal

458

THE PANDEX

pursuit for women," said one of the twenty-seven
the other day. "The necessary confidence suffi-
cient to guarantee commensurate returns for her
time and labor is long in coming, and money con-
siderations are the last to respond in such cases."

This is a comolete list of the women who are
eligible to Supreme Court practice, with the dates
of admission :

Kate H. Pier, Milwaukee, Wis., admitted Jan-
uary 31, 1904.

Ellen Spencer Mussey, Washington, D. C, May
25, 1896.

Alice A. Minick, Lincoln, Neb., January 18,
1897.

Caroline H. Pier, Milwaukee, Wis., January 18,
1897.

Ellen Foster, Washington, D. C, December 20,
1897.

Catharine Waugh McCulloch, Chicago, Febru-
ary 21, 1898.

Clara L. Power, Boston, April 3, 1899.

Kate Pier, Milwaukee, April 3, 1899.

Harriet H. Pier, Milwaukee, February 1, 1900.

Mrs. Victoria Conkling Whitney, St. Louis,
April 9, 1900.

Florence H. King, Chicago, April 20, 1903.

Belva A. Lockwood, Washington, D. C, March

3, 1879.

Laura De Force Gordon, California, February
2, 1885.

Ada M. Bittenbender, Lincoln, Neb., Octobtr
15, 1888.

Carrie Burnham Kilgore, Philadelphia, Janu-
ary 8, 1890.

Clara Shortridge Folz, San Diego, Cal., March

4, 1890.

Lelia Robinson Sawtelle, Boston, April 8, 1800.

P^mma M. Gillett, Washington, D. C, April 8,
1890.

Kate Kain, Chicago, May 19, 1890.

Marilla M. Ricker, Washington, D. C, May 11,
1891.

Mrs. Fannie O'Linn, Chadron, Neb., October
17, 1893.

Susan C. Neill, Waterbury, Conn., April 25,
1904.

Sarah Herring Sorin, Tucson, Ariz., April 16,
1906.

Mary L. Trescott, Wilkesbarre, Pa., April 16,
1906.

Ella Knowles Haskell, Butte, Mont., April 23,
1906.

Mary Philbrook, Newark, N. J., November 8,
1906. ■

PITTSBURG'S SUCCESSFUL WOMEN

, Are Near the Top in Chemistry, Physics, Metal-
lurgy, Electrical Engineering, et Cetera.
Still another exhibit of this same expan-
sion is afforded in the following from the
Pittsburg Dispatch :

Pittsburg women are succeeding in the profes-
sions.

Chemists, Physicists, biologists, metallurgists,
electrical engineers, architects, lawyers, and art-

ists number among their most able and brilliant
exemplars the fair daughters of Father Pitt.
The energy, thrift, and superlative business
sense of the inhabitants of the busiest city in
America is reflected in the ranks of the women
captains and lieutenants of industry who have
"made good" or are still doing so. Pittsburg
can show an array of these active feminine spirits
not excelled by any city in the country — Chicago
and Boston, nurseries of the woman pioneer in
business — not excepted.

With a chemist holding her own against her
male colleagues in the metropolis, a metallurgist
of marked skill and ability, an architect who has
designed World's Fair buildings and designed
and supervised the erection of colleges, semina-
ries, and blocks of houses, and an expert elec-
trical engineer and mathematician, Pittsburg has
contributed a chapter in woman's advance in the
professions. These women have attained success
in spite of the impediment of prejudice that
looks on such activities as outside of the tradi-
tional sphere of the fair sex. The story of their
struggles and of obstacles surmounted makes in-
tensely interesting reading and should be an en-
couragement to others of their sex who are about
to embark in the professions.

WOMEN BUILD CLUB HOUSE

Erect a Palace in New York After the Manner
of Men's Clubs.

Perhaps the most masculine of all recent

undertakings of women is the one described

in the following from the New York Times:

Women prominent in New York have organ-
ized a club unique in the annals of club life in
America. Its aim is to coalesce the leaders of
all the various activities that occupy women.
Its founders are building a million-dollar club
house on Madison Avenue above Thirtieth
Street, which will offer all the privileges and
conveniences that characterize the first-class
metropolitan club, and they call their organiza-
tion the Colony Club, to emphasize the fact that
it represents a community of interests banded to-
gether for mutual advantage, social, artistic,
mental, and physical.

The plan is so ambitious that it will provoke
widespread comment. For three years a small
coterie of women have been working to perfect
it, carefully guarding it from public attention.
They have formulated their plans, enlisted the
women they desire, secured the ground, builded
their house, and are now about to occupy it and
enter upon a career of unusual promise. The
membership now numbers five hundred and fifty.
The limit is placed at six hundred. Within a
brief time the remaining available memberships
will be allotted, and the project will have been
completed.

The originator of the idea is Mrs. J. Borden
Harriman, daughter-in-law of Edward H. Harri-
man. She is the president of the club, and so
keenly interested in its success that she is devot-
ing much of her time to its work. Associated

THE PANDEX

459

If the Women Suflfragists' Scheme to Compel Married Men to Equally Divide All Their Posses-
sions Should Become a Law. — Chicago Inter-Ocean.

460

THE PANDEX

with her are such prominent women socially as
Mrs. John Jacob Astor, Mrs. A. S. Alexander,
who was Miss Helen Barney; Mrs. Reg^inald
Bishop, Mrs. Richard Irvin, Miss Mary Harri-
man, Miss Anne Tracy Morgan, Miss Kate Brice,
Miss Mary Parsons, Mrs. Harry Payne Whitney,
Mrs. Payne Whitney, Mrs. Egerton Winthrop,
Jr., Mrs. Henry F. Osbom, and a number of
other women who stand in tht verv forefront of
the social life of New York.

Di^inguished Women Interested.

But the social feature is only one side of the
club. It enlists as well the artistic, the literary,
the musical, and even the theatrical world. It
includes the business woman — every one, in fact,
who can lay claim to distinction, no matter in
what line. As an instance of the wide diversity
of interests, the names of Kate Douglas Wiggin
(Mrs. Riggs), Miss Jeannette Gilder, and other
literary women are enrolled on its roster. There
is Mrs. Blashfleld, well known in artistic centers;
Mrs. Hewitt, Miss De Wolfe, Miss Marbury, busi-
ness women of renown; Mrs. Walter Damrosch,
identified with musical circles, and Miss Maude
Adams, Miss Ethel Barrymore, and other leading
women of the stage. From all the various walks
of life that engage serious attention the best
known women leaders have been solicited to join
in the movement, and it is intended to make the
club a center of all these various activities from
which shall emanate impulses which will have a
wide-reaching influence in moulding the work of
woman's world.

In no sense is the club to be a foible, the play-
thing of the social butterfly.

REFORMING CHICAGO HUSBANDS

Jndge Approves Women's Plan for Parole of
Fractions Heads of Families.

By way of dealing with that phase of life
wherein the domestic and the political cross
each other intimately, the following plan,
which is attributed in the first instance to
a woman's suggestion, is of special inter-
est, as well as humor. The New York Herald
says:

Chicago, 111. — Municipal Court Judge McKen-
zie Cleland has a plan to reform husbands.

The plan as outlined, and which is subject to
modifications, is to arrest, fine, and, with the fine
suspended over their heads, parole those hus-
bands who show themselves in need of reform.
Husbands thus arrested and paroled are watched
closely by the judge and the committee of busi-
ness men who have volunteered to assist in the
scheme, and everything possible is done to en-
courage them in their effort to live up to the re-
quirements of their parole. The paroled men are
visited at least once a week at their homes by
one of the committee of business men and notes
are taken as to the progress they are making.
Every two weeks Judge Cleland holds a night
session of his court at which all the paroled hus-
bands are required to report and where evidence

is heard regarding their conduct while on parole.
If these reports are satisfactory the case against
them is not removed from the books, but is con-
tinued two weeks longer, when they are required
to report again.

WANT HALF OF MEN'S WAGES

Suffragists Propose a Law in Illinois Enforcing
Division With Wives.

Another way of dealing with domestic
difficulties by means of law is offered in
the following, from the Chicago Inter-
Ocean:

A law compelling every Illinois husband to
turn over half his income and property to his
wife, to do with as she pleases, was urged and
the suggestion was wildly applauded at the after-
noon session of the National Woman's Suffrage
Association recently.

Mrs. Alice Henry, a delep-ate from Melbourne,
Australia, in an address on "Woman's Vote and
Woman's Purse," outlined the scheme. "It is
now," she said, "in practical operation in some
states of the Australian Federation and has
proven a boon beyond the wildest dreams of the
women of the great South Sea republic.

"One-half of the wage of a workman is paid
to his wife," said Mrs. Henry, "when he works
for the Government, and every man is compelled
to allot his wife her equal share of all that he
possesses and earns. She is given half of all his
property after he dies, whether he wills it to
anybody else or not."

MILITARISM VS. WOMAN

Jewish Rabbi Holds the War Fetich Responsible
for Feminine Subordination.

The relationship between militarism and
woman's freedom is set forth, from one
point of view, in the following, from the
Chicago Eeeord-Herald :

"The military idea, which among the earliest
civilized nations caused war gods and warriors
to be so absorbingly worshiped that female chil-
dren, because of the unfitness of the sex for war
services, were destroyed at their birth, is in the
last analysis the reason why man has not granted,
and still refuses to grant, to woman the right to
vote on matters of public policy."

With this arraignment of the svstem under
which woman has been kept in the "outer dark-
ness" of disfranchisement since the dawn of his-
torv, Dr. Emil G. Hirseh roused to a high pitch
of enthusiasm an audience of two thousand
women and a few men at the mass meeting re-
cently in Studebaker Theater, held under the aus-
pices of the National American Woman Suffrage
Association.

The women applauded Dr. Hirseh 's numerous
hits at the opponents of woman suffrage.

THE PANDEX

461

f
a

ca
Q

O
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s".

462

THE PANDEX

RICH WOMEN MAKE DIRT FLY

Wives and Daughters of Venice, Cal., Men Mend
Their Own Boulevard.
An extremely practical participation of
v/omen in governmental affairs is described
in the Chicago Tribune as follows:

Los Angeles, Cal. — As an object lesson to dila-
tory highway commissioners the women of Venice
recently turned out with picks and shovels and
smoothed the wrinkles out of Washington Boule-
vard. In the army of roadmakers were the wives
and daughters of millionaires.

Dirt began to fly early in the day, and holes
which have been the bane of travelers along the
thoroughfare were filled and given a high finish.
At noon lunch was served under the trees at the
roadside. Auto parties which passed along the
road cheered the women shovelers.

high infantile mortality is found the survivors
usually are below the normal physical standard. ' '

CALLS MEN CAUSE OF VICE

Henry B. Blackwell Says G-overnment Must Have
Maternal Qualities to Check Crime.
A point which, doubtless, women will
come to study closely as they enter more
intimately into political work is brought
forward in the following from the Chicago
Tribune :

"Men have belligerent instincts, and are re-
sponsible for all the vice, misery, and degrada-
tion in existence. Their government will have
to have the kindly instincts of the mothers of the
human race before they will be able to keep the
peace," said Henry B. Blackwell,' the aged
woman-suffrage warrior of Boston, Mass., re-
cently at a dinner of the Public Policy Club in
the Washington Restaurant.

Continuing, he said: "While wages appear
larger upon the surface than they were ten years
ago, they are in reality smaller, because statis-
tics show that it now requires .$1.45 to purchase
what $1 bought then, and the influence of women
is needed in Congress to remedy this matter."

ATTACKS RACE-SUICIDE THEORY

English Registrar General Holds President Roose-
velt Wrong.
Those who apprehend that woman suf-
frage will operate to the disadvantage o£
race growth will find much interest in the
following, from the Chicago Record-Herald:

London. — Great Britain's registrar general,
Sir William Dunbar, takes issue with President
Roosevett on the birth-rate question. He says in
his annual report: "High birth rates are in-
variably associated with high infantile mortality
and moderate or even low birth rates with low
infantile mortality. Therefore moderate or even
low birth rates may be more effective for the up-
keep of the population, especially since where

GIRLS TAUGHT TO EARN WAGES

Curtis Tells of the Work of the Manhattan Train-
ing School.
Trade teaching for girls has been grow-
ing rapidly for a number of years. One
institution devoted to this work is described
by William E. Curtis as follows, in the Chi-
cago Record-Herald:

New York. — An admirable and a practical in-
stitution, which might be imitated in every other
city to the good of womankind, is the Manhattan
Training School for Girls, at 209 East Twenty-
third Street, of which Miss Virginia Potter is
president and Mrs. Mary Schenck Woolman is
superintendent. Its object is to qualify girls who
have to earn their own living to earn living
wages. It occupies a position between the ordi-
nary manual training schools, which are sup-
ported by the Board of Education and do a great
deal of good, and the School of Design at Cooper
Institute. It offers intelligent young women of
taste and ambition an opportunity to learn some
of the simpler arts and industries whose products
are found upon the notion counters of every de-
partment store, of every stationer and perfumer
and confectioner, every jeweler and dealer in
bric-a-brac.

The hardest and the most critical period in the
experience of a girl of the working class is be-
tween the ages of fourteen and seventeen. At
fourteen, the maximum of compulsory education,
she leaves the public schools and looks for em-
ployment in the shops and stores and factories
where tens of thousands of girls of that age go
every year and are paid wages from $3 to $5 a
week, which is not sufficient to clothe and feed
them. It is not necessary to continue the Story.
Everybody who has had anything to do with the
'wage-earning class of young girls in large cities
knows the temptations they are subjected to, the
suffering's they have to endure, and the treatment
they usually experience. Few of them rise in the
scale, usually because they can not earn any more
than the wages that are paid them. They don't
know how, and they have no chance to learn. The
compulsory-education law keeps them in school
until they are fourteen, but it does not qualify
them to earn living wages, and employers of that
class of labor will tell you that few girls are of
much value until they are sixteen.

The Manhattan Training School for Girls was
founded four years ago on Fourteenth Street,
where it could accommodate one hundred girls
from fourteen to twenty years old, and teach
them useful trades and arts, so that they can
command $12, $15, and even $20 a week in wages.
And as soon as the manufacturers of novelties
and knick-knacks learned about the school they
did everything to encourage it, because there is
an unsupplied demand for skilled fingers and cul-
tivated tastes, and that demand is increasing very

THE PANDEX

463

rapidly. It is almost impossible for such manu-
facturers to find competent working girls, and
many of those who have been trained at the Man-
hattan School are now acting as forewomen and
teaching others what they learned at the school.

SOCIETY WOMEN CAUSE GIRLS' FALL

"Unholy Lust for Bargains" Sets Wage Level
That Pre'cludes Decent Living.
How some of the responsibility for shop-
girls' conditions falls upon the well-to-do
class is alleged in the following from the
Chicago Tribune:

Detroit, Mich. — Bishop Charles D. Williams at
a noon Lenten service recently attended largely
by society women declared that they were to
blame for the downfall of girls employed in big
department stores.

"A poor girl goes to the city," Bishop Wil-
liams said, "and begins work in a department
store, managed by a representative Christian
man. Her wages are about $4 a week. She can
not support herself on that. Then there comes
the suggestion — and I have heard it backed up
by the actual words of the so-called Christian
employer — that there are other things she can
do.

"Who is responsible? You, my sister. The
day of judgment will be a day of surprises for
you. You will perhaps find yourself wearing the
brand of shame on your brow that now seems so
fair — not because of wrong that you have done,
but that because of your unholy lust for bargains
you have made conditions such that your less-
fortunate sister is crushed to the mud of the
pavements. ' '

THINKS CHILDREN SHOULD TOIL

Chicago Educator Believes Four Hours' Work a
Day a Good Thing.
A view of the child labor proposition
which is unique, if not altogether to the
liking of those who are so strongly opposing
the employment of youth, is given as fol-
lows in the St. Louis Republic :

Chicago. — Child labor sufficient to make every
child self-sustaining at the age of ten and later
a source of revenue to its parents was advocated
by William E. Watt, principal of the Graham
School, in an address before the Rouse Woman's
Club at Thirty-first Street and Fifth Avenue.

Not only would this system be good for the
child, said Mr. Watt, but it would help the
parents and be a preventive of race suicide.

"Every child ought to work every day of his
life," said Mr. Watt. "He is born into a world
which requires work, and he ought not to be per-
mitted to form habits of idleness and shirking.

"It was no curse which God pronounced upon
man when he told him he should work for a liv-
ing. Man must work for what he enjoys, and he
is so constituted that he is in misery if he is pre-

vented from working. Child idleness is worse
than child labor.

"Coming up in idleness, the child is compelled
to seek unnatural means of gratifying the desire
to accomplish something. So lying and cheating
are carried on in and out of school, cruelty is
practiced, depredations are committed against
life and property in the streets near home, ped-
dlers are assaulted, helpless animals are tor-
tured.

"Let us restore the environment of American
life of half a century ago, as well as conditions
will permit. Let us find a way of giving every
child who wishes to do a few hours' work each
day an opportunity to perform that work in a
self-respecting way.

"Let us make that work contribute as directly
as possible to the maintenance of the family.
One great objection to child labor is that when
the child works the parent rests, and the child's
life is wasted in providing for the lazy parent.
If the work is properly planned this may be ob-
viated. If the man who has a dozen children is
given special honor in the community, and if he
can feel assured that his nose will not be kept
for a quarter of a century upon the grindstone
because he has obeyed the divine command, there
will be more American-born children."

ONE MILLION DIVORCES

Record for Twenty Years in the United States. —
Chicago in the Lead.

Washington. — The divorce statistics collected
by the Census Bureau and published in a prelimi-
nary report show that while Chicago is still a
divorce center, Philadelphia and Boston show a
proportionately greater increase in the last
twenty years. The figures show that divorces in
Cincinnati have increased fifteen-fold, in Kansas
City ten-fold, and in Indianapolis four-fold. Chi-
cago still maintains a leading place in the race of
the cities for divorce honors. The average in
that city for each 100,000 of population was 73
in the first period and 107 in the second period.

Chicago's increase is not nearly so great as
that of Philadelphia, where the average number
increased from twenty-two to the 100,000 for the
first period to sixty-three to the 100,000 for the
second period.

The City of Brotherly Love does not seem to
be the abiding place of marital love. Educated
Boston is passing Chicago in the rate of increase,
which has gone up from 40 to 63. The Census
office makes no attempt to give an accurate re-
port of the divorce statistics of New York be-
cause the records are in such bad condition that
it has been impossible to secure the facts. The
total number of applications filed in the United
States from 1886 to 1906 was 1,400,000. It is
estimated that three-fourths of the applications
have been granted, so that the statistics when
compiled will show that in the period stated
more than one million divorces have been al-
lowed. In the twenty-year period from 1867 to
l8S6 the total number of divorces was 328,000.
— Kansas City Times.

464

THE PANDEX

ALL CREEDS IN VICE WAR

Chicago Law and Order League Organizes Cru-
sade of One Hundred Thousand Boys.

Chicago. — A city-wide crusade against vice
was started by the Law and Order League re-
cently. There will be marching and meetings of
armies of one hundred thousand boys and the
same number of grown folks to cover the entire
city in general and the levee in particular. Noted
speakers from all parts of the world are to be
engaged, so that all classes of society and all
nationalities may be reached. Catholics and
Protestants will forget their differences for the
occasion. Thousands of dollars are to be raised
by private subscription to carry on the fight.

Dr. William Burgess was made chairman of the
committee of one hundred to push an aggressive
warfare against every form of vice and institute
prosecutions, and it was agreed to keep the or-
ganization entirely free from politics. The com-
mittee promises to bring about a betterment of
the general moral and social conditions.

Part of the plan is to have one thousand
churches and religious organizations recruit regi-
ments of one hundred boys each to take the
pledge against liquor and cigarettes, and similar
companies are to be formed in the public and
parochial schools wherever possible. Their em-
blem is to be the Liberty Bell button. Then the
grown folks are to be organized and the plans
of 'Gypsy' Smith and other leading evangelists
and street crusaders are to be followed. — New
York World.

GIRL DANCES DOWN A SWINDLER

Visits Hundreds of Resorts to Find Man Who
Robbed Her Father.

After dancing all over New York City Sarah
Gottlieb at last danced across the man for whom
she had been looking and had him arrested. She
charges that this man, Samuel Davis, assisted in
holding up her father, Simon Gottlieb, a local
merchant, and robbed him of $1000.

New York is ringing with the praises of the
girl detective. Such shrewdness and such per-
sistence as hers are rarely met with among pro-
fessional detectives. In fact, if the professional
detectives had it there would have been no need
for Miss Gottlieb to exhibit her powers, for she
first waited a month to see what the regular
police force of New York could do.

About November 1 Samuel Davis, his cousin,
Frank Davis, and two other men named Stein
and Steinburg, came to PhiladelDhia from New
York and sought to interest Simon Gottlieb in a
slot-machine project. Davis readily overcame the
merchant's suspicions by handing over $400 in
cash as a guarantee of good faith. He wanted
Gottlieb to put up another ,$985, provided he
found the slot machine to be all that they repre-
sented it, and, for the purpose of inspection, the
five were to make a trip to New York.

Noticed Missing Fingers.
Sarah Gottlieb, who is only twenty years old

and very pretty, attracted the attention of the
promoters, and she learned that they made a
habit of frequenting the cheap dancing halls. She
also noticed that Davis had only three fingers on
his right hand. She didn't like him or his friends
and told her father so, but he said that prejudice
wasn't good for business, and started for New
York with three of the men, Stein being left be-
hind. He scouted about the city with Sarah's
young brother, Paul, until 4 o'clock in the after-
noon, and then he disappeared.

A few hours later came the information that
Simon Gottlieb had been held up and robbed in
some Eighth Avenue resort. The newspapers in
New York said that "the police are at work on
the case," and that was the last heard of it.

After a month had elapsed and there seemed to
be no likelihood of her father's getting his $1000
back, or justice either, Sarah announced one day
that she intended to go to New York to look for
the promoters.

"How are you going to live?" asked her
father.

"I'll get a job at my trade," replied the girl.

She is a skillful cigar roller, and had no diffi-
culty in finding employment in New York. For
six days in the week she worked ten hours a day
and, at night, tired out as she was, she would
start out for the dance hall.

Danced Five Hours a Night.

There was no trouble about finding partners,
for Sarah is strikingly handsome and attractive,
and all the men she met were anxious to "show
her a good time," as they called it.

To Sarah dancing became just as hard work as
cigar rolling, but she pretended to be enjoying it
immensely. One thing her friends could never
understand was that she would never go to the
same dance hall twice, and she always seemed to
be on the lookout for somebody.

This round of work and pseudo-gayety kept up
for months — ten hours' work in the cigar fac-
tory and five hours' work in the cheap dance
halls. Sometimes she would take in two or three
halls in one night.

Last Sunday night, in a Cannon Street hall,
she saw her man — or one of them — Davis. She
was dancing a waltz, and her partner noticed
that all at once she began to do the leading.
With a firm hand she steered him directly across
the hall and passed the man upon whom her eyes
were fixed. She waited until the couple turned
around, and then she exclaimed triumphantly:

"Two fingei-s gone!"

"What of that?" asked her puzzled partner.

"Never mind," said the girl. "Come with me
to a telephone. ' '

I'elephoned for Police.

A few minutes later a detective was hurrying
around from colice headquarters. The orchestra
was just striking into a two-step and Davis, who
had procured another partner, was balancing for
the start, when the detective tapped him on the
shoulder and told him to "come along."

It is said that Davis confessed to robbing Gott-
lieb, but said it was $600, instead of $1000. The
police also say that these four men belong to a

THE PANDEX

465

gang of perhaps sixteen swindlers, many of
whom, including Davis, have done time.

As a result of Miss Gottlieb's clever detective
work, they expect to break up the whole gang. —
Philadelphia North American.

WIDOWS DECLINE IN MARKET

Statistics in England Show Decrease in Percent-
age of Bereaved Women Who Remarry.

London. — If Mr. Weller, St., Dickens' famous
character who advised his son Samuel to beware
of widows, could see the sixty-eighth annual re-
port of the registrar general, which was issued
March 1, he would look up the section dealing
with the remarriage of widows and find there
matter to rejoice his heart.

In the marriage market the demand for widows
has been on the decrease for many years, and
the analysis for 1905 shows that the rate of de-
crease is accelerating. And this applies also to
the remarriage of widowers, as the following
table shows:

MARRIAGE RATE PER 1000.

Widows. Widowers.

1870 16.9 59.4

1880 15.5 52.9

1890 14.4 44.6

1900 14.4 46.6

1905 12.6 38.3

— Chicago Inter-Ocean.

GIVES BIRTH TO QUINTETTE

Wife of Kentucky Miner Becomes Mother of
Five.
Middlesboro, Ky. — Mrs. Zabrowski, wife of
Pete Zabrowski, a miner at Fork Ridge, gave
birth to five children, three girls and two boys.
All of the children are alive and doinff well. — -Ex-
change.

MOTHER SOLD BABY FOR SHILLING

Being Poor, She Gave Up the Child to a Rich
Woman Who Wanted It.

London. — Baby-selling transactions have gen-
erally been more or less discreditable, but the
story of one instance recorded in a curious docu-
ment reveals genuine kind-heartedness and a de-
sire to help a neighbor.

About eighteen months ago Mrs. Sarah Ellen
Gaunt, of Canonbury Grove, Elland Road, Leeds,
learned that a poor widow named Silvers was
in great straits and almost unable to provide
properly for her baby, Doris. After some talk
the two women agreed that the baby should be-
come the property of Mrs. Gaunt, who had no
children of her own, for the sum of one shilling.

The whole matter was carried out with what
was believed to be strict legal form, at a little
public house — the Bull and Butcher, in Water
Lane — with Mrs. Gaunt 's husband as witness.
The document was drawn up, duly witnessed and
stamped, and then Mrs. Silvers handed over her
child.

Unfortunately, the baby, never very strong,
was attacked by broncho-pneumonia and after
some weeks of illness, she died a few days ago.
The coroner's inquest was the means of bringing
to light this curious case of the shilling baby,
and also proved that Mrs. Gaunt had been an
excellent foster mother to her adopted daughter.
— Chicago Inter-Ocean.

WIFE'S NOTICE MAKES TOWN CHUCKLE

Gets Even With Husband Who Warned People
Not to Trust Her.

Stamford, Conn. — Residents of this town have
been chuckling over the way in which Mrs. F. J.
Knapp got even with her husband, who is a
ticket agent for the New Haven Railroad at a
local station.

For reasons best known to themselves, Mrs.
Knapp recently left her husband. Following her
departure there appeared in a local paper the
following notice :

"My wife, Grace, having left my bed and
board without any just cause or provocation, I
warn the public in general that I will not be re-
sponsible for any bills she may contract.

"F. J. KNAPP."

Many persons wondered, but the next day they
smiled when they read the following notice from
Mrs. Knapp:

"I would like to inform the people in general
that I have done washing, gone out by the day,
kept roomers and boarders to help support the
house of F. J. Knapp, and I never contracted any
bills for him and never intend to.

"GRACE E. KNAPP."
■ — New York World.

WOMAN'S RIGHTS HELPED HIM

Found His Sister Thru Knowing Her En-
thusiasm for Female Suffrage.

Firmly convinced that his sister, whom he had
not seen in forty years, would still cling to her
belief in woman's rights, Henry F. Miller, of
Morocco, Ind., attended the convention of the
National Woman Suffrage Association and found
her there. Mrs. Mary Rice, the sister, came
from Lawrence, Kan., to attend the convention.

Forty years ago Mrs. Rice left Indiana as a
bride, and with her husband went to Kansas.
For a while a letter occasionally found its way
back to the brother in Indiana. Then the corre-
spondence ceased, and the only knowledge of the
sister's existence which the brother had was se-
cured in a roundabout way.

Remembering that his sister had from the
time that she was a girl been a believer in woman
suffrage. Miller came to Chicago to find her, if
possible, in the national convention.

"I am getting so old," he told the usher to
whom he gave a note, "that if I don't see her
now I will never see her again. She must be
here."

The usher took the note to the platform and
the chairman of the convention called for Mrs.

466

THE PANDEX

Rice. She rose in her seat in the back of the
room, and then walked to the stage, where she
was told her brother wished to see her.

The aged brother was overjoyed to find his
sister, and their affectionate greetings attracted
more attention among those in the rear seats for
a time than did the eloquence of the platform.
Both sat together on the last row of seats for
the rest of the afternoon and talked over early
days. — Chicago Inter-Ocean.

16,500,000 MICROBES

All in the Dusty Train on One English Woman's
Skirt After a "Walk.

London. — Professor W. B. Bottomley, in a
lecture on biology, said that a woman who had
allowed her skirt to trail for half an hour in
West End streets sent it to a laboratory, where
it was found to contain 16,500,000 microbes, in-
cluding many phthisis bacilli. — New York Sun.

End of the Smoot Fight

Mormon Senator From Utah Completely Vindicated of the Charge of

Polygamy and Confirmed in his Congressional Seat —

His Dramatic Defense

ONE of the most striking illustrations
of the extent to which women have
acquired the power of organization was
given in the fight against the confirmation
of Reed Smoot as United States Senator
from Utah. The fight failed of its end, but
its strength was impressive, and fully illus-
trates what might occur on any other issue
involving what large numbers of women
believe to be a strictly moral issue. Said
"Raymond" in the Chicago Tribune, in de-
scribing the failure of the anti-Smoot move-
ment :

Washington, D. C. — More than a million
American women who have petitioned for his ex-
pulsion are destined to be bitterly disappointed
when they find that the Senate by a large ma-
jority has decided to retain Reed Smoot in his
place as representative of the sovereign State
of Utah. To expel any Senator requires a two-
thirds vote of the Senate, but Mr. Smoot will
have back of him a large majority, including
practically all the Republican Senators, with per-
haps half a dozen exceptions, and two or three
or more of the Democrats.

In view of this overwhelming vote of the Sen-
ate on behalf of their colleague from Utah- in the
face of a campaign by the women of America
which scarcely has been equaled for importance
and persistence, it is well worth while going
into the question as to what was alleged against
the Utah Senator and what actually was proved.

That he has a legal right to his seat in the
Senate few people will deny. That there is even

a moral obligation to expel him the Senate will
decline to admit by a majority of more than
twenty.

Smoot Backed by Roosevelt.

Among his own party associates Mr. Smoot
will be sustained in the proportion of more than
five to one, and to cap the climax he has behind
him President Roosevelt, who would be the last
man on earth to extend his sympathy to an im-
pure, dissolute or polygamous member of Con-
gress.

Investigation goes to confirm the' belief that
a large percentage of women who signed the
petition against the Utah Senator believed,
and still believe, that he was and is a polygamist
and that he had personally defied the law.

It was proved that Roberts, Representative
from Utah, who was excluded from the House,
had had more than one family before he was
elected to Congress. Many good people have
assumed the same thing was true of Senator
Smoot. They have naturally protested, because
they considered it to be a disgrace to the United
States Senate to enroll among its number any
man who believed in plural marriages, whether
under guise of religion or not. It is probable
that, except for this belief as to Smoot 's polyg-
amy, no organized effort would have been made
to unseat him.

Senator Never a Polygamist.

In point of fact, Mr. Smoot is not and never
was a polygamist. His record has been ex-
amined minutely from his youth un, and he has
come out of the ordeal absolutely unscathed.
He married one wife, and only one, lived with
her faithfully, and had absolutely no other mar-
riage connection. There is not a scrap of evi-
dence to the contrary, so that the Senate is de-

THE PAIIDEX

467

W
>
o
H

5h
o

468

THE PANDEX

barred from expelling him on the ground that
he had violated the law.

In a remarkable speech delivered by him in
the Senate, Senator Smoot put himself on record
when he said:

"First, I desire to state, as I have heretofore
repeatedly stated to the Senate and to the coun-
try, that I am not and never have been a polyg-
amist. I never have had but one wife, and that
is my present wife."

Nor was that all. Senator Smoot not only
cleared his own skirts of the charge of having
violated human and divine law, but he went on
to disavow any possible sympathy with the prin-
ciple of polgyamy itself, saying:

"I have no hesitation, Mr. President, in de-
claring to the Senate that in my opinion any
man who has married a polygamous wife since
the manifesto should be prosecuted, and, if con-
victed, should suffer the penalties of the law.
And I care not who the man might be or what
position he might hold in the church, he should
receive the punishment pronounced by law
against his crime."

His Apostleship Against Him.

So complete is the acquittal of Senator Smoot
of the charge of personal polgyamy, now or at
any time in the past, that if that question alone
were involved he would retain his seat practically
by a unanimous vote of the Senate.

It is alleged against him, however — and this
has proved to be the great moral issue — that he
is one of the apostles, or inner circle, of the
Mormon Church. The head of that church and
some others of lesser note contracted polygam-
ous marriages long^ ago, and have since felt it
to be their duty or their inclination, or both, to
support their multiple families and possibly to
share their affections from time to time among
their multiple wives.

Many of the people who signed the petition in
good faith have insisted all along that whether
Senator Smoot was pyolygamous or not he held
a responsible position in a church which was
dominated by men who practiced polygamy, al-
though they had not entered into any new mar-
riages since the territory became a State.

Mormon Oath Stirs Many.

It has been insisted by a great many good peo-
ple who are opposed to Senator Smoot that the
ceremonies he passed through and the awful
oaths he took in the endowment house, the secret
holy of holies of the Mormon Church, incapaci-
tated him for acting as Senator of the United
States. Efforts were made by the committee to
prove that the endowment house oath required
the person making it to pledge himself to give
allegiance to the Mormon Church without re-
gard to any oath to country, or State, or any
other organization.

It was shown clearly, of course, that the oath
taken by Senator Smoot when he became Sen-
ator was long subsequent to anything he might

have sworn to in the endowment house. Never-
theless, it was insisted by those who desired
to have Smoot expelled that the first oath for
some reason took precedence of the second one.
An effort was made in the committee to es-
tablish the exact nature of the endowment
house proceedings, but it failed entirely. Most
of the witnesses declared the ceremony was a re-
ligious one; that it was secret and personal to
themselves, and that it did not in any way con-
cern or affect their personal, political, social, or
commercial relations.

Smoot Places Country First.

In answer to this class of charges Senator
Smoot, from his seat, in exceedingly dramatic
fashion, protested his complete innocence and
pledged himself to give his sole allegiance to
his country. He' spoke throughout in dignified
fashion, and, while it may have converted no
one, gained him the respect of even his enemies
on the floor and there was a good deal more
than the usual thrill when he made his solemn
declaration :

"I formally and solemnly aver that in every
vote and action as United States Senator I shall
be governed in the future, as I have been in the
past, only by my convictions of what is best for
the people of the United States.

"I have never taken any oath or obligation,
religious or otherwise, which conflicts in the
slightest degree with my duties as a senator or
as a citizen. I owe no allegiance to my church
or other organization which in any way inter-
feres with my supreme allegiance in civil affairs
to my country — an allegiance which I freely,
fully, and gladly give."

Declares Oath Not Traitorous.

In regard to the character of the endowment
house oath, about which there has been so much
mystery, Senator Smoot said in his speech:

"There does not exist in the endowment cere-
monies of the Mormon Church the remotest sug-
gestion of hostility or of antagonism to the
United States or to any other nation. They are
of a purely religious nature, wholly between
the person taking them and his God, and, as
with the ritual of various fraternal organiza-
tions, are regarded as sacred and secret. There
is not a solitary instance where the influence of
the endowment ceremonies has been displayed in
an act of hostility to the Government."

In view of the prospective vote in the Senate
it is evident a great majority of Senators are of
the opinion, first of all, that Reed Smoot is not
and never has been a polygamist, and, secondly,
that he has not taken any oath which would in-
terfere in any way with his allegiance to the
United States or with his duty as a Senator.

Practically the only question which remains in
doubt, so far as the Senate is concerned, is
whetjier the Mormon Church is really purged
of polygamy, and whether as an apostle of that
church Reed Smoot is personally responsible

THE PANDEX

469

for the partial survival of polygamous practices
and hence is unfit to be a Senator of the United
States.

Colleague Indignant at Attack.

Mr. Smoot was elected as a Republican, and
was voted for both by Gentles and by Mormons.
His Gentile colleague in the Senate, George
Sutherland, of Salt Lake City, is indignant at
the attack on Smoot. Senator Sutherland is an
Englishman by birth, and is a graduate of the
law department of the University of Michigan,
being admitted to practice in the Supreme Court
of that State in March, 1883. •

He told me personally that he knew Reed
Smoot to be a man of the cleanest character,
and that he was opposed personally to polygamy,
and had been all his life, in spite of his member-
ship in the Mormon Church.

Mr. Smoot, it must be remembered, is a native
of Utah. He was educated at the State Uni-

versity and at Brigham Young Academy. He
was born in the church during the Civil War,
but since he grew up to manhood polygamy has
fallen into disfavor, and has been openly dis-
avowed by the Mormon Church.

Smoot 's Enemies Are Few.

If it were not for polities, Mr. Smoot scarcely
would have to defend his right to his seat.
Practically all those who will vote against him
are Democrats from the Southern States, who
are politically interested in breaking down the
Republican majority in the Senate.

Mr. Smoot 's party colleagues have stood by
him, with the exception of a handful of Senators
who are absolutely insignificant in regard to
number, although they include such men as Bur-
rows and Smith of Michigan, Hale of Maine,
Hemenway of Indiana, Du Pont of Delaware, and
Hansbrough of North Dakota, with Mr. La
Toilette of Wisconsin more or less undecided.

Da Boy From Rome

To-day ees com' from Eetaly
A boy ees leeve een Rome,

An' he stop an' speak weeth me — •
I weesh he stay at home.

He stop an' say "Hello" to me,
An' w'en he standin' dere

I smell da smell of Eetaly
Steel steeckin' een hees hair,

Dat com' weeth heem across da sea.
An' een da clo'es he wear.

Da peopla bump heem een da street,
Da noise ees scare heem, too;

He ees so clumsy een da feet,
He don't know w'at to do,

Dere ees so many theeng he meet
Dat ees so strange, so new.

He sheever an' he ask eef here

Eeet ees so always cold.
Den een hees eye ees com' a tear —

He ees no vera old —
An' oh! hees voice ees soun' so queer

I have no heart for scold.

He look up een da sky so gray.

But oh ! hees eye ees be
So far away, so far away.

An' w'at he sees I see.
Da sky eet ees no gray to-day

At home een Eetaly.

He see da glada peopla seet
Where warma shine da sky —

Oh ! while he eesa look at et
He ees begeen to cry.

Eeef I no growl an' swear a beet
So, too, my fraud, would I.

Oh! why he stop an' speak weeth me.

Dees boy dat leeve een Rome,
An' come' to-day from Eetaly?

I weesh he stay at home.

— Catholic Standard and Times.

470

THE PANDEX

"BECAUSE (S)HE LOVED HIM SO."

— Adapted from Washington Post.

QUESTION OF WHO IS TO SUCCEED PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT
BEGINS TO MONOPOLIZE POLITICAL ATTENTION— FAIR-
BANKS SAID TO HAVE HARRIMAN'S SUPPORT—
GOVERNOR HUGHES OF NEW YORK A
POSSIBILITY— SENATOR KNOX AND
OTHERS MENTIONED.

WHILE the woman suffrage movement
is gaining strength to the astonishing
degree above reflected, there is running thru
the country a growth of moral sentiment
in public affairs quite parallel to that which
the women themselves may be expected to
enforce. It has its center of impulse, as
has so often been acknowledged by ob-
servers of current American affairs, in the
President, and it extends out into the very
important domain whence the candidates
are to be drawn, who, presumably, are to
succeed Roosevelt. In fact, in the latter
sphere it is so insistent as to amount, ' vir-
tnally, to the one great issue of the forth-

coming conventions. Even the most polit-
ical of politicians acknowledge that nothing
less than the sturdy honesty and candor of
the present incumbent of the White House
will please the voters, and the whole battle
for the new nominations promises to wage
about the question as to wh(f can measure
up to Roosevelt's standard.

FAIRBANKS AND THE CORPORATIONS

Vice-President's Candidacy Supported by Harri-

man, Dawes, and Leeds.

In point of present position before the

public, the Vice-President of course has

first consideration, but that his ambitions

THE PANDEX

471

are not so formidable as they might once
have been is, possibly, to be inferred from
the following, from the New York Sun :

The Republican National Committee is to as-
semble in Washington in December to name a
time and place for the National Convention of
1908. Already Seattle has put in a claim for
the convention, and St. Louis, Kansas City, Pitts-
burg, and Chicago have spoken up. Well-known
Republicans who were in town from Washington

contest is expected. For months past friends of
different candidates have been at work in their
interests, and most of their plans have been ar-
ranged in New York City and Chicago. .

The efforts to bring about Vice-President Fair-
banks' nomination are engineered by Senator
Hemenway of Indiana, who took the Vice-Presi-
dent's seat in the United States Senate; Charles
G. Dawes of Chicago, Controller of the Cur-
rency in President McKinley's first administra-
tion; D. G. Reid and W. B. Leeds of the Rock

ONE SKATED INTO AN AIRHOLE AND THEN THERE WERE TWO.

— Duluth News-Tribune.

said that this convention promises to be the most
interesting since that of 1888, when Benjamin
Harrison of Indiana was nominated only after
a bitter struggle. Harrison's renomination in
1892, although opposed by powerful Republicans,
was practically a foregone conclusion, and Presi-
dent McKinley's nomination in 1896 and renomi-
nation in 1900 were an easy task, as was Presi-
dent Roosevelt's nomination in 1904. But with
half a dozen eminent Republicans candidates for
the nomination in 1908 the severest sort of a

Island Railroad Company, and Edward H. Har-
riman of the Southern Pacific Railroad Com-
pany. Mr. Dawes is now in Florida, and the
story is that in return for his work for Fair-
banks there is already practically an understand-
ing that Mr. Dawes, if Fairbanks is nominated
and elected, is to be Secretary of the Treasury.
Considerable interest was expressed when it be-
came known that Mr. Reid and Mr. Leeds of the
Rock Island Railroad Company were working
in conjunction with Mr. Harriman of the South-

472

THE PANDEX

em Pacific Railroad Company in behalf of Fair-
banks for the reason that the masters of these
two railroad companies have not been par-
ticularly friendly, but on the contrary have been
in direct opposition to each other. This opposi-
tion was explained, though, to be a business op-
position, and the conjunction of the three rail-
road masters pertains only to their present polit-
ical activities.

ROOSEVELT AND A THIRD TERM

Determined to Retire From Presidency, But Will
Keep Up His Fight.

The possibility of President Roosevelt suc-
ceeding himself seems to have been dis-
missed from the mind of "inside" politi-
cians. Concerning the consequences of this,
the Kansas City Star said :

Washington. — It is beginning to dawn upon a
number of politicians that Theodore Roosevelt
has laid the foundation for a political policy
which can not be eliminated by defeat in one
campaign. Whatever the rest of the country
may believe, Washington is thoroughly convinced
that Mr. Roosevelt could not be induced to be-
come a candidate for the Presidency in 1908.
Whether he will succeed in securing the nomi-
nation of a Republican candidate who will carry
out his policies is a matter of speculation. But
whether he does, or whether he doesn't, it is
beginning to be clear to all who watch him at
close range that he regards the flght which he has
undertaken as only a beginning of his career.

The President has no thought of going into
retirement when his term of office as President
expires. He will be only 50 years old in 1908.
and will be only 54 years old in 1912. Public
men usually are considered young at this age.
The President, in recent conversations, has re-
peated an intimation which was given some pub-
licity several years ago that he did not regard
any service rendered for his Government as a
sacrifice of personal dignity. This observation
could only have one interpretation and that is he
will not hesitate to serve his State or his country
in whatever capacity there was an opportunity
to do good.

As Senator from the State of New York, Mr;
Roosevelt would have the eyes of the country
riveted on him whether his successor were a pro-
gressive or a reactionary. If a reactionary, the
President would not hesitate to oppose his policy
and seek to advance his own. He would find the
Senate antagonizing him at every turn, but this
would be the very opening which would offer him
the promises of best results.

TAFT RUNS NEXT TO ROOSEVELT

aential possibility is suggested by the fol
lowing from the Nevr York Times:

Advices from the West, telling of polls taken
of Republican members of legislaitive bodies,
have caused an unusual amount of speculation
as showing the strength of Secretary Taft.
Everybody has known that the Republicans of
the West were demanding the nomination of
Roosevelt in 1908, but Washington has believed
that the Roosevelt strength could not be diverted
to Secretary Taft.

Dispatches say that the poll taken of the South
Dakota Legislature, eliminating Roosevelt from
the calculation, showed a larger vote for Taft
than for all other Republican candidates com-
bined, and La Toilette ran an easy second. The
straw vote showed Taft 46, La Toilette 17,
Hughes 10, Root 7, Shaw 7, Fairbanks 3, Dolli-
ver 3, and Moody 4. In Nebraska, Taft received
38 votes, Root 8, Beveridge 7, Fairbanks 6, Can-
non 3, La Follette 3, Cummins 2, Dolliver 2,
Hughes 2.

In both Legislatures the Republicans declared,
by practically unanimous vote, in favor of giv-
ing the nomination to Mr. Roosevelt, provided he
would accept it. The Democrats in both legisla-
tives bodies declared for Bryan.

Despite the juggling and manipulation here,
the reports received from all sections of the coun-
try show that the great masses of the Republican
party are unwilling to take a backward step in
the matter of corporation control as indicated in
the policies which have been urged by the Presi-
dent. It is also apparent that the great body of
the Republican voters have never yet abandoned
the idea that the President can not be induced to
accept a renomination.

OHIO ANNOYED AT FORAKER

Straw Vote Taken in Western Legislatures
Favors the War Secretary.

Where Secretary Taft stands as a presi-

Home State Displeased With Senator's Rebellion
Against the Administration.

What has become of the once strong
raovement in behalf of Senator Foraker is
hinted in the following from the Kansas
City Times:

Washington, D. C. — Reports which are begin-
ning to come from Ohio seem to cast a doubt
on Senator Foraker 's having strengthened him-
self with the party there by his rebellion against
the administration. These reports were dis-
counted at first, but they come with almost every
visitor from Ohio.

It has been supposed that Ohio would follow
Foraker anywhere, and it has also been supposed
that Secretary Taft could not possibly break into
the delegation, partly because of Foraker 's con-
trol of the machine and partly because of Taft's
Akron speech in 1905. It is beginning to appear
that Foraker is alienating his own strength by
his attacks on the President, and that Mr. Taft
is reaping some benefit because of his identifica-
tion with the Roosevelt policies.

They Didn't Cheer for Foraker.

A striking instance is reported of a dinner in

THE PANDEX

473

the Fourteenth District, an agricultural com- before had Foraker's name failed to evoke the

munity in the northern part of the State. Rep- wildest cheering. There was an awkward silence,

resentative-elect Lanning was toastmaster, and in which everybody looked at the toastmaster as

he undertook to put the requisite life into the if wondering why he did not go on. He pulled

affair by getting the diners to applauding at the himself together, made a fresh start, and told

start. He intended to achieve this result by the how Ohio also possessed another great states-

FLATTENED OUT.

UNCLE JOE — "Well, it doesn't matter. He never was a very healthy pup, anjrway."

— Chicago News.

time honored custom of introducing the names of
the party heroes into his speech.

Accordingly he led vip in the usual artful man-
ner to the name of hero No. 1. He told how
Ohio rejoiced in the possession of that sterling
citizen, that eminent staesman, that brilliant
orator, and then came out crescendo with the
name "Joseph Benson Foraker, " with an em-
phasis on each syllable and an exclamation point
at the end. Then he waited for the applause.

There was not a handclap. Lanning was so
taken aback that he ".ould not proceed, for never

man, William Howard Taft. This time there was
plenty of applause and even cheers. Then he
brought in the name of Theodore Roosevelt, and
at this name the crowd broke loose and cheered
frantically.

Ohio Citizens With the President.
Such a report as this, circulated among the
Ohio statesmen at the capital, has given rise to
alarm and many head shakings. The sensation
has not decreased by similar reports which come
from other sections of the State. For example,
there arrived recently a number of intelligent

474

THE PANDEX

and impartial observers from Tiffin, in the north-
western part, who declared that not merely was
their section with Roosevelt and against Foraker,
but that the proportion was not less than 100 to 1.

SHAW'S HOPES BLASTED

Treasury Chief's Presidential Aspirations Fade
With Laying Down of Financial Reins.
The eclipse of Secretary Shaw as a can-
didate is reflected in the following from the
Chicago Inter-Ocean :

Washington, D. C. — When Leslie M. Shaw
leaves the Cabinet, after five years' service as

and he was in great demand as a speaker in all
parts of the country. The year 1904 loomed up
large and hopeful for him. To him at the time
Mr. Roosevelt seemed of minor consequence; in
fact, as a Presidential possibility he was rather
inclined to view the then Vice-president with con-
tempt. Then came the death of McKinley at
Buffalo, changing everything, and the man he
thought would go the way of all other Vice-
presidents, into political oblivion, landed in the
White House.

Hands Tied by Cabinet Post.

Still even then Shaw refused to consider Mr.
Roosevelt seriously for the nomination of 1904,
and he went ahead with his plans. Then came

THE PRESIDENT tAL. RACE -

head of the Treasury Department, the account
between him and President Roosevelt will be
balanced. He will then have been paid in full for
abandoning his Presidential ambitions at a time
when he threatened to prove a stumbling block
in tHe path of Tlieodore Roosevelt. But his
elimination from the Presidential equation has
been more complete than the master politicial
hand of the present occupant of the White House
expected, for Mr. Shaw is about as "dead"
poliiically as a man who has enjoyed his prom-
inence can well be. Nor has he the faintest hope
of a resurrection, unless something absolutely un-
looked for at this time develops.

Before Secretary Shaw finished his second term
as Governor of Iowa he believed he would be
President. His re-election had been enthusiastic

— Kansas City Star.

the offer to enter the Cabinet of Mr. Roosevelt,
and the bait was too tempting for the governor of
Iowa to refuse. Whether Mr. Shaw realized the
stroke that was being tried by President Roose-
velt or not is not known, but he came in under
the fold of his official family, and was kept there,
where he could not cause trouble without appear-
ing as an ingrate or plotter against his chief.

In a sense Mr. Roosevelt has been magnanimous
with Mr. Shaw. He has let him stay in the
Cabinet more than five years when half that time
would have served the original purpose of elmin-
ating him as a Presidential opponent in 1904. At
the time of the offer of the treasury portfolio to
the former Iowa country banker the President
had every reason to know that Shaw was not in
sympathy with his policies. He did know, how-

THE PANDEX

475

ever, that he was in sympathy with those of
President McKinley, and, as he planned to carry
out these policies during the time of the uncom-
pleted term of President McKinley, he evidently
saw nothing incongruous in selecting Shaw for
such an important Cabinet position. But since
1904, and even before that time, Shaw has not
been admitted into the inner councils of the
present administration.

front ranks on parade days. But the real force
behind the fight — the man with money and an
ambition — is former Governor Myron T. Herrick,
of Cleveland.

Governor Herrick has never become reconciled
to his defeat a year and a half ago. He blames
a great many agencies for it, and he will seek
exoneration at the hands of the people.

First, the ex-Governor blames the church people

'SHOO!"

— Chicago News.

TO DEFEAT FORAKER

Ex-Goveraor Herrick of Ohio Planning a Cam-
paign of Retaliation.
Something further of what is happening
to Foraker is told in the following from
the Pittsburg Dispatch :

Columbus, Ohio. — Recent developments clearly
indicate to those who follow the drift of politics
that the fight against the two' United States Sen-
ators next year — a fight which is even now waging
— will not be made under the leadership of Con-
gressman Burton. The Ceveland Congressman
may be with the hostile forces; he may be in the

of the State. He thinks they were led astray by
the Anti-Saloon League and that after a time
they will come to his way of thinking and restore
him to office. He blames Secretary of War Taft
for his Aki'on speech. He feels that the President
had something to do with it and so blames the
National Executive. But while blaming all these
other agencies for his defeat the ex-Governor also
has a grudge against Senator Joseph B. Foraker.
He has a personal ill will toward the senior
Senator which is closely akin to hatred. And
Herrick is a good hater.

After Foraker's Scalp.

Harboring these feelings and a desire to secure
exoneration by either re-election as Governor or

476

THE PANDEX

by election to the United States Senate, G.overnor
Herrick is now setting about the task of defeat-
ing Senator Foraker. His millions of wealth, his
business connections and his powers for organiza-
tion are all being exerted for the defeat of the
two United States Senators in the struggle for
control of the Ohio delegation to the next national
convention.

So determined is the former Governor to again
become a power in politics and so anxious is he
for "vindication" that he is willing, so he has
said very recently, to actually spend millions of
real dollars for the accomplishment of his pur-
pose.

HUGHES BOOM SPREADS FAST.

Washington Politicians Talk of New York
Governor as Possibility.
The eagerness with which the public wel-
comes displays of Rooseveltian vigor and
honesty on the part of men in public office
is illustrated in the talk of Governor
Hughes as a presidential possibility. Said
the St. Louis Republic:

Washington, D. C. — The possibilities of Gov-
ernor Hughes as a presidential candidate for
1908 are gradually creeping into the current
political gossip here, and there are many evi-
dences that there is "something doing" in this
direction. In fact, the talk is not confined to
Washington, but extends all the way from
Albany. Political Washington is watching Mr.
Hughes with close and alert attention. He may
have been given cause for an awakening ambition,
but he would do well to test its value. The re-
ports which come down to Washington from
Albany, through various mouths, have it that
Republican leaders have come to the conclusion
that in the candidacy of Mr. Hughes for the Re-
publican Presidential nomination is to be found
the best means of keeping Mr. Roosevelt from
becoming quietly active on behalf of some man
of his own personal selection. •

It is being told about that twice during the last
week, at as many dinners, Mr. Hughes has been
hailed as "the next President," and that he
appears to like the designation. It is also re-
ported gravely that things entirely aside from
any failure of Mr. Hughes to hide his pleasure
when he heard flattering references to his possible
political future, make it manifest that the Gov-
ernor is ' ' expanding. ' '

Governor Hughes is as yet an unknown quan-
tity to the people at large. More than a year,
however, will elapse before the nominating con-
vention, giving New York's Governor ample time
to make himself broadly known by both his acts
and his teachings.

President Roosevelt has never talked with any
great freedom about the matter of his successor,
but that he is alive to everything the Republican
leaders who oppose him are doing, and to the
activities of the avowed candidates, no one who

knows his political alertness doubts. The Presi-
dent has found in some of Mr. Hughes' acts
sufficient proof that along certain lines their con-
victions run parallel. It would be an entertain-
ing and not unprecedented upset in politics if in
1908 Mr. Roosevelt should be found advocating
Mr. Hughes' claims to the nomination.

ALL TALKING ABOUT KNOX

The Pennsylvania Senator Recognized as a
Presidential Factor.

A favorite son movement is reflected in
the following from the Kansas City Times:

Washington, D. C. — Senator Knox's Presiden-
tial candidacy was the uppermost topic in politi-
cal circles lately. It is apparent that great in-
fluences have combined to press the candidacy of
the Pennsylvania Senator from now until the
national convention is held. Knox is more of a
probability to-day than any of the candidates so
far mentioned with the exception of Fairbanks
and Taft.

The theory of the Knox movement is that the
Pennsylvania candidate will be a sort of com-
promise between Fairbanks and Taft. If the
Roosevelt supporters find themselves unable to
nominate a candidate like Taft it is the belief of
the politicians who are grooming Knox that the
administration support will be thrown to him
rather than to let Fairbanks walk away with the
prize. It is the accepted belief in Washington
that Fairbanks is not acceptable to the President.
Nobody authorized to speak has said so and there
have been no White House pronouncements of
any kind on the Presidential situation, but it is
acceoted that Fairbanks is not in Roosevelt's
favor.

HOKE SMITH FOR PRESIDENT

Georgia Congressmen Place Him in the Field as
an Alternative Candidate.
Democratic candidates have not yet
loomed into the horizon, but the story of
one of them is given as follows in the New
York Sun:

Washington, D. C. — Hoke Smith, Governor-
elect of Georgia, has been placed in the field as
an alternative candidate for the Presidency at
the hands of the next Democratic convention.
The occasion was a banquet given in honor of the
former Secretary of the Interior at the Shoreham
by Representatives Bartlett, Lee and Hardwick,
of Georgia, at which all of the Georgia delegation
in Congress and a company of distinguished
Georgians were present.

The speech nominating Governor Smith for the
Presidency was made by Mr. Bartlett. The nomi-
nation had a string tied to it, however, for Mr.
Bartlett said that if Mr. Bryan was not a candi-
date it should be understood henceforth that the

THE PANDEX

477-

THEY'RE AFTER ME.

— Washington Post.

478

THE PANDEX

Empire State of the South had a candidate for
the honor, and that his name was Hoke Smith.

Mr. Bartlett paid a high tribute to the Gov-
ernor-elect, and the suggestion that Mr. Smith be
made next year's national standard bearer was
received with great enthusiasm. Hereafter, in
the opinion of the Georgians, Hoke Smith may
be considered in all calculations concerning the
next Democratic candidate for President.

TAFT'S SON ASKS A QUESTION

Youthful Offspring "Stings" His Father After
a Reprimand.
Washington, D. C. — It is hard for a man to
appear as a hero in the eyes of his son, especially
if that son be so young that he treats everybody
with candor. Secretary Taft has a son, Charlie,
nine years old. Ever since his father has held his

present position in the Cabinet, Charlie has been-
an enthusiastic warrior.

Charlie and Quentin Roosevelt go to the same
school, and Quentin also has military aspirations.
For the last week or two snow forts and snow
battles have engrossed their time — so much, in-
deed, that Charlie Taft's studies have suffered.
At least, his reports showed such a marked fall-
ing off that his father thought the time ripe for
a few words of parental reproof. Charlie listened
with respectful, though plainly unconvinced at-
tention, and was ready with a crushing rejoinder.

"Father," he said in pained surprise, "you
talk just like the school teacher. You know that
building forts and digging tunnels and things like
that are a part of my education, and don't you
think that if you had spent more time on such
things when you were a little boy, you might not
be having such a hard time now, especially
digging that big ditch." — Chicago Inter-Ocean.

On New Shoulders

FORMER STENOGRAPHER IN THE POSTOFFICE DEPARTMENT
BECOMES SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY AT A TIME
WHICH THREATENS TO PROVE EXTREMELY CRITI-
CAL TO THE NATIONAL WELFARE

IP in any department of the Federal Gov-
ernment honesty has come to be an es-
sential element, it is in the Treasury. And
this is especially true at this time when the
country's great prosperity is threatened
with a reaction, and when the powers that
lie in the hands of the guardian of the
national finances can contribute so mate-
rially either to the good of the country or
the benefit of the men who are at the head
of the business world which centers in Wall
Street. The remaining years of President
-Roosevelt's administration give signs of
working themselves out very much as did
those of President Harrison, and if this
promise is realized, the personality which
has assumed the reins dropped by Secretary
Shaw may prove to be the most important
in the country next to that of the President
himself. For this reason, the story of Mr.
Cortelyou becomes particularly pertinent.

AS A POSSIBLE PRESIDENT

Roosevelt Said to Favor Cortelyou as His
Successor.
Mr. Cortelyou 's successful advance from
one responsibility to another has been so un-
interrupted, that one need scarcely be sur-
prised by the following from the Phila-
delphia Inquirer:

Washington, D. C. — George B. Cortelyou 's ac-
cession to the portfolio of Secretary of the Treas-
ury has given rise to persistent reports that
President Roosevelt proposes to enter him in the
lists at the proper time as the administration can-
didate for the Republican Presidential nomina-
tion next year.

These reports are received with credence in
political quarters. Those who ought to know say
that Cortelyou has had the Presidential bee
buzzing in his ears ever since he entered the
Cabinet four years ago, after having been private
secretary to both McKinley and Roosevelt.

The fact of his steady advancement in the
Cabinet is pointed to as evidence of the regard in
which Roosevelt holds him. From Secretary of

THE PANDEX

479

HARD TO KEEP DOWN.

— Chicago Tribune.

480

THE PANDEX

Commerce and Labor he was elevated to the Post-
master-Generalship, and now he is placed in prob-
ably the most important position under the gov-
ernment, barring the Presidency itself, for while
the Secretary of State outranks him in the order
of Cabinet precedence, acts of the Secretary of
the Treasury day in and day out have much more
influence upon the material progress and pros-
perity of the country.

Mr. Roosevelt has taken Mr. Cortelyou into his
confidence along certain lines, and especially
political ones, more fully than any other member
of his Cabinet. He is the last to leave the council
room on Cabinet days at the White House, and
never has a political conference of moment been
held there in recent years that Mr. Cortelyou has
not been a party.

THE PROBLEM AND THE MAN

An Estimate of Secretary Cortelyou 's Qualifica-
tions for his Diflicult Post.

Something of what has made Mr. Cortel-
you what he is is told in the following from
the New York Evening Post :

Washington, D. C. — George B. Cortelyou is
about to become Secretary of the Treasury.
Frank H. Hitchcock, at present First Assistant
Postmaster-General, will become First Assistant
Secretary of the Treasury, a position now oc-
cupied by A. F. Statter, who was Secretary
Shaw's private secretary until Charles Hallam
Keep gave up the place to become superintendent
of banks of New York by appointment of Gov-
ernor Hughes. James B. Reynolds, Assistant
Secretary of the Treasury in charge of customs,
will retain his present position under Mr. Cor-
telyou. J. H. Edwards, the Third Assistant Sec-
retary of the Department, who, like Mr. Statter,
was private Secretary to Secretary Shaw before
his appointment to his present place, it is ex-
pected will retire within a reasonable time after
Mr. Cortelyou comes in.

As Mr. Cortelyou becomes more familiar with
the personnel of the department there may be
other changes. One of the first matters to en-
gage Mr. Cortelyou 's personal attention will
be probably the condition and management of
the customs service at the port of New York.
Mr. Cortelyou knows from pej-sonal experieneie
a good deal about the workings of two branches
of the service in New York. Before he ever came
to Washington he was employed both in the ap-
praiser's stores and in the office of the Surveyor
of the port. He knows how the two offices have
been honeycombed with political appointees, and
how unbusinesslike in many particulars the con-
duet of the office has been in years past. He
knows, too, of the many useless special employees
and special agents whose chief task it has been
to draw their per diem.

The service at New York has been improved
recently, and reports have come to the Treasury
Department of better conditions and the proper

dispatch of business under some of the customs
officers. When Mr. Cortelyou has thoroughly
familiarized himself by an investigation of the
situation in New York it is not improbable that
a general overhauling of the service will follow.
If the new Secretary employs the same methods
he has in the past, nothing will be known of the
reforms he sets out to accomplish until the re-
sults begin to appear. While Mr. Cortdyou is
putting into execution any plant or design he
may have on hand, none of the various stages of
accomplishment are ever trumpeted abroad by
heralds. In the end a neatly typewritten slip
is issued informing the general public that the
job is ended and giving the net result. Com-
monly, that is all that ever becomes known.

No Forecasts of Policies.

No authentic forecast of outline of Mr. Cor-
telyou's policies as Secretary of the Treasury
can be made. He doesn't believe in them. He
has no policies to announce nor forecasts to make
of what he will or will not do. There is no
formulated plan of things to be accomplished.
If he finds things that he thinks need to be
changed he will change them. The President
has given him an absolutely free hand, as he has
had in the Department of Commerce and Labor
and the Postoffice Department. Whether he
stands or falls will depend upon his own abilities
and competency to perform the duties and func-
tions laid upon him.

If Mr. Cortelyou 's well-ordered mind has one
characteristic that is stronger and more explicit
than another, it is a passion for efficiency and
the economic transaction and dispatch of busi-
ness. He has, in a high degree, what is called
for want of a better term, executive capacity
and the power to reduce to orderly routine the
control of a mass of details. By nature, he is
painstaking, methodical, and careful, with a fine
faculty for organization and simplification. In
the Treasury Department Mr. Cortelyou will
have a luxuriantly overgrown field for the em-
ployment of his special talents. The creation
of the Department of Commerce and Labor
stripped it of several of its bureaus and divis-
ions and a corresponding quality of its patronage.
It remains, however, a huge, clumsy, and almost
unwieldy governmental machine. The Treas-
ury has been long known to the place-hunters for
the number of its 'fat jobs.' It has had an
army of 'special' employees and agents of one
sort and another.

What Mr. Cortelyou can do in two years to
overcome moss-grown traditions, and inaugurate
modern methods and system, remains to be seen.
Mr. Root, as Secretary of War, practically made
over that department, and in a modified way has
begun the same task as Secretary of State. Mr.
Cortelyou, it is the general testimony, has worked
many effective changes and reforms in the Post-
office Department. He created out of hand the
Department of Commerce and Labor, and planned
the whole fabric, organization, and machinery of
the new department. The Treasury, in the com-
mon opinion, however, offers a more formidable

THE PANDEX

481

problem than any of the four undertaken by Mr.
Root and Mr. Cortelyou.

Mr. Cortelyou may be expected confidently to
put a stop to what Washington calls the "sec-
retary chain." It has become almost an ac-
cepted routine that the private secretary to the
Secretary of the Treasury shall be made in turn
an Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, and then
an officer in a New York financial institution.
Frank A. Vanderlip, Milton Ailes, and Robert
B. Armstrong are some of the men who have
occupied the links in the chain, and Mr. Statter
and Mr. Edwards have gone as far as the sec-
ond link and become assistant secretaries of the
department.

Criticisms of the President's Selection.

Perhaps no man who might have been chosen
by President Roosevelt would have been sub-
jected to the same close scrutiny and criticism
that has met Mr. Cortelyou 's appointment.
Heretofore it has been the common practice to
select men for the portfolio with some previous
experience in dealing with large problems of
finance. Mr. Shaw's financial experience, it is
true, had been confined to small country banks
in Iowa and to lending money on farm land,
but, perhaps, it is not an unfair criticism to say
that the Treasury has reached low tide in the
conduct of its affairs during his administration.

The selection of Mr. Cortelyou has been criti-
cised on the ground that he is not a banker, has
had no actual experience in banking matters or
national finance; that as chairman of the Repub-
lican National Campaign Committee he solicited
campaign contributions from Wall Street (which
Mr. Cortelyou denies absolutely as a criticism
without basis), and that he is peculiarly a per-
sonal appointee of the President's, and a man
without a political background in his own State.

Whether these criticisms are just or deserved
will have to be determined by Mr. Cortelyou 's
conduct of the affairs of the Treasury Depart-
ment. It should be noted in his favor that ob-
jections were made by outside interests to the
confirming of his appointment by the Senate.
It has been printed more than once, and never
denied, that the National City Bank and the so-
called Rockefeller group, or "Standard Oil
crowd," endeavored through Senator Aldrich to
prevent the Senate's taking favorable action on
Mr. Cortelyou 's nomination. These interests
have been supposed (as has been openly charged)
to enjoy peculiarly close and confidential rela-
tions with the Treasury Department through
Mr. Shaw's regime.

Politics of the Appointment.
Mr. Cortelyou 's nomination was made the oc-
casion in the Senate for playing some sharp
Presidential politics, and a hawk-like raid to
secure control of the Republican National Com-
mittee in behalf of Mr. Fairbanks. This effort
to embarrass Mr. Cortelyou ended abruptly when
he unexpectedly and without taking the advice
of any one, resigned his position on the National
Committee. President Roosevelt got his first
news of this step from the newspapers. The

effort to make Senator Scott the chairman of
the committee came to nothing.

Mr. Cortelyou, if what one hears in well-in-
formed quarters is true, has been not wholly in
sympathy with all the President has done. He
does, however, strongly and cordially uphold the
President in the latter 's determination that no
large financial or corporate interest shall inter-
meddle in or dictate any Government policy.
Undoubtedly efforts will be made by Wall Street
people to establish 'connections' with the new
Secretary of the Treasury. Any one of them
who really gets 'next' to him will have done
more than any one else has been able to accom-
plish.

Mr. Cortelyou believes in himself; he believes
in working alone. Cabinet officers say that in
all the time Mr. Cortelyou has been Postmaster-
General he has never discussed postoffiee matters
at the Cabinet table. He never brings any of
the problems that come up before him to the
Cabinet meetings for discussion and considera-
tion. He ' did not consult with President Roose-
velt about any of the steps in the organization
of the Department of Commerce and Labor. He
has got as much poise as the Washington Monu-
ment. As a finance minister he is absolutely un-
tried, but has his past achievements to recom-
mend him.

In times of prosperity and financial ease the
Treasury Department may be said almost to con-
duct itself. With hard times and squalls in the
money market, it is another story. Mr. Cortel-
you has before him the biggest job he has ever
had. He will not fail of attentive, close ob-
servers whether he succeeds or whether he fails.

CORTELYOU EATS MINCE PIE.

New Secretary of the Treasury Decides to Sit
With Clerks in Restaurant.

Washington, D. C. — Secretary Cortelyou pre-
pared himself to wrestle with the finances of the
country by visiting a lunchroom directly across
the street from the Treasury Department and
eating a salmon sandwich, a piece of hot mince
pie and a mug of half cream and half milk.

He was elbowed and jostled about by scores
of the Treasury clerks who did not know that
they were bumping against their boss.

Under Secretaries Gage and Shaw luncheon
was always served in the offices of the Secretary
or one of the assistant secretaries. The negro
messengers prepared tea or coffee and the Secre-
tary and all the assistant secretaries would
gather at a table for luncheon. Sometimes these
were rather elaborate affairs.

Mr. Cortelyou has abolished this custom. When
he was a stenographer at the White House under
the Cleveland Administration he ate his luncheon
in the place opposite the Treasury Department
and continued to do so as executive clerk and
finally as secretary to McKinley and Roosevelt.
While Secretary of Commerce and Labor he oc-
casionally went home to luncheon, but when he
did not he went to the dairy lunchroom.

482

THE PANDEX

/4/v

TO1HE

THE UNMASKED DRAGON.

— Adapted from Pittsburg Gazette-Times.

WILL THE MEN CONTINUE TO BE SO DOMINATED BY THE QUEST

OF WEALTH THAT PUBLIC WORKS, SUCH AS THE PANAMA

CANAL, CAN BE CARRIED OUT ONLY BY THE ARMY

UNDER COMMAND FROM THE GOVERNMENT ?

WITH an uncommercial chief executive
in the White House, and with a clus-
ter of men gathered about him who appear
to be far more patriotic than selfish, the
question of what motive shall ultimately
prevail in the relationship of men to their
government becomes both timely and ur-
gent. Its importance is emphasized by the
approach of women to the political sphere.
If the unselfishness of the federal staff is to
be reinforced by the capacity of women for
self-sacrifice, especially when the interests
of the nation are at stake, such repeated
withdrawals from public service as have
characterized the Panama Canal administra-
tion may become so far a matter of social
obloquy as to render them no longer possible.

WHY STEVENS RESIGNED

He Felt That He Was Sacrificing Too Much in
His Work on the Canal.

At first it was said that Chief Engineer
Stevens resigned from the Canal as a protest
against sharing the honor and glory with
anyone else, but the following from the New
York Sun tends to develop the commercial
motive only for Stevens' action:

Washington, D. C. — It is declared by ofBcials
here that there is no truth in the reports that
Chief Engineer John F. Stevens of the Panama
Canal was forced to resign because he had writ-
ten an impertinent letter to the President in
which he attempted to dictate what should and
what should not be done. It is asserted that
Mr. Stevens did not try to dictate to the Presi-
dent and that he did not threaten to resign if

THE PANDEX

483

the contract for the construction of the canal
was given to William J. Oliver and his asso-
ciates. It is true that Mr. Stevens advised
against giving the work to Oliver. He believed
that the company which the contractor had
formed could not do the work and that he could
not get along with the men who would necessarily
be associated with him.

were then under consideration, and as the in-
vestigation of the resources of the bidders pro-
gressed Mr. Stevens was kept informed. In the
various exchanges of cablegrams Mr. Stevens
made no mention of his intention to resign, and
when his letter asking to be relieved came the
Administration was greatly vexed and em-
barrassed. The President cabled Mr. Stevens

THOSE DANGEROUS POSTERS.
CHORUS — "Why shouldn't we help ourselves, same as dat guy?"

-Chicago News.

Mr. Stevens's letter of resignation was written
on January 30 and was received by the President
on February 12. In it there was no mention of
the plans for building the canal by contract nor
of any phases of the status of the bids which had
been submitted. Prior to this time Mr. Stevens
had cabled the President about the bids which

on February 14 accepting his resignation. This
cable contained no comment, it is understood,
the Administration taking the view that if Mr.
Stevens wanted to quit there would be no urging
him to stay.

In his letter to the President, Mr. Stevens gave
his reasons for resigning. He said he felt keenly

484

THE PANDEX

the sacrifice he was making in continuing the
work on the Isthmus and that the best years of
his life were being spent on a work the remunera-
tion for which was much smaller than he could
command in some other field of endeavor. The
President inferred from Mr. Stevens's letter that
the chief engineer was somewhat uneasy in the
knowledge that other engineers, working in more
congenial climates and under more acceptable
conditions, were receiving salaries twice as large
as his own, and he plainly intimated this in his
letter.

The Stevens letter also said that he resented
the criticisms that had been passed upon him
by members of the Senate and others, and that
he was unwillintr to continue under these cir-
cumstances. He concluded by asking that his
resignation be accepted as soon as his place could
be filled.

It was said authoritatively at the White House
that Mr. Stevens did not offer his resignation as
an alternative to anything, but that it was of-
fered without conditions and with a clear ex-
planation of his reasons for retiring.

ROOSEVELT TIRED OF BICKERING

Decides to Use the Army Engineers to Dig the
Panama Canal.
The President's attitude in the Panama
matter is probably well reflected in the fol-
lowing from the Philadelphia North Amer-
ican :

Washington, D. C. — President Roosevelt's de-
termination to have the Panama Canal con-
structed by army engineers, with labor employed
by the Government, has aroused unusual interest
in the big project.

No secret is made of the fact that the Presi-
dent has got so thoroughly tired of the continual
bickerings that he decided to dismiss the whole
coterie of high-priced talent and start in anew
with men under military discipline. He is not
willing to run any risks with private contractors,
and believes that construction by army engineers
presents many distinct advantages to the Ad-
ministration.

Army officers can't resign every time somebody
offers them a few dollars more in the way of
salary. What is more, they can't talk back,
and will have to do what they are told. They
can't air their grievances in the newspapers with-
out subjecting themselves to court-martial, and
they have been in the habit of going to unpleas-
ant places to live in the line of their lifework.

Jealousies and frictions between men who have
been prominently identified with the canal have
disturbed the country and the Congress at every
stage of the work on the Isthmus. Officials who
are on the Isthmus have been jealous of those
who remained in Washington. 'Those who were

here have been unwilling that anybody else
should get tli£ credit.

Friction on All Sides.

There has been a jar and a mess all along the
line. There was friction between Shonts and
Taft, between Shonts and Wallace, between
Stevens and everybody here, and with it all the
President, with the propensity for keeping things
moving, has taken a hand in pretty much every-
thing that was going on both here and on the
Isthmus.

The army officers who will have charge of the
work will receive more pay than American army
officers have ever been given before. Major G.
W. Goethals, who will be engineer-in-chief, will
receive $2000 more than Admiral Dewey. The
President indicated in a conversation that Major
Goethals 's salary would probably be fixed at
$15,000.

WHO MAJOR GOETHALS IS

A Graduate of West Point, Who Has Done Much
Engineering Work.

Major G. W. Goethals, named by the President
as chief engineer, was graduated from West
Point in 1880 and after two years at the engineers '
school at Willett's Point, N. Y., was for two
years on the staff of General Nelson A. Miles as
engineer officer of the Department of the Co-
lumbia. He served under Colonel Merrill a1
Cincinnati in the construction of dams, dikes and
locks; was on duty at West Point in the depart-
ment of civil and military engineering, after
which he was in charge of the Mussle Shoals
Canal, Tennessee River. He began the con-
struction of the Colvert Shoals Canal ; was chief
engineer of the First Army Corps during the war
with Spain, and instructor of practical military
engineering at West Point. Major Goethals
was in charge of the engineer work of the New-
port district until selected for the general staff
in 1903.

He was appointed to the military academy
from New York, and is 50 years of age.

Major D. DuB. Gaillard was graduated from
West Point in 1884. He was one of the com-
missioners on the Mexican boundary survey and
was later in charge of the aqueduct work in
Washington. He was colonel of the Third Vol-
unteer Engineers and was in charge of the break-
waters and dredging at Duluth until selected for
the general staff in 1903.

Major William L. Sibert was graduated from
West Point in 1884 and completed a course at
the School of Engineering. Most of his experi-
ence has been construction of locks on the Ken-
tucky River. For the last four years he has been
in charge of the works of the Pittsburg district.
He served in the Philippines with the engineer
battalion. He is now in charge of the engineer-
ing district of Pittsburg. — Kansas City Times.

THE PANDEX

485

DENIES BLOCKING CANAL

Harriman Declares That the Railways Have
Taken No Such Action.

Denial of the oft-repeated statements that
railroad interests have been partially respon-
sible for the withdrawal of competent en-
gineers and managers from the Panama

the last five or six years, is made for some ulterior
purpose. To my knowledge the transcontinental
lines have taken no action in any way to delay
legislation or work favorable to the construction
of the Panama Canal, nor have they taken any
part directly or indirectly in influencing the let-
ting of contracts.

E. H. HARRIMAN.

Mr. Harriman 's denial that transcontinental

THEY DON'T SEEM TO LEARN THEIR LESSON.

-Chicago Tribune.

Canal is afforded in the following from the railway influences opposed the prosecution of
New York Times: "^"""^ °" l^'' Panama Canal was brought out in

response to a statement made by John B. Mc-
The statement, like others preceding it during Donald, builder of the New York Subway and

4S6

THE PANDEX

president of the Panama Construction Company.
Mr. McDonald, who talked in Augusta, Ga., in-
timated strongly that the great railroad lines
were the influences responsible for the apparent
disorganization of the personnel of the Govern-
ment's canal-building forces. This was but one
feature suggested of the comprehensive plan to
block the building of the bigj ditch, which would
make easy water communication between the
Atlantic and the Pacific Coasts.

OFFERS TO DIG CANAL

Harriman Says He Would Do It, and Do It Bight,
If Given a Chance.
Another phase of Harriman 's attitude to-
ward the Canal is given in the following from
the Chicago Record-Herald :

New York. — "It is too bad that a man with
such an alert mind as President Roosevelt has
should not have subjected himself to more dis-
cipline," said Edward H. Harriman, during an
interval in his own cross-examination before the
Interstate Commerce Commission. "Mr. Roose-
velt is a very able man. He is capable of doing
great things if there was only more fixity of pur-
pose. ' '

It was the day when announcement was made
of another kaleidoscopic change in Panama Canal
affairs by order of the President.

"Why don't you build the canal?" Mr. Har-
riman was asked.

"I would if I had a chance," he replied. "Let
me tell you this. We spend more money every
j'ear on improvements in the Union Paeifle sys-
tem than could be expended in a year on the
canal. If we ran railways like Panama affairs
are conducted there would be a great crop of
receiverships in this country.

"The whole trouble in Panama is lack of
executive. How can you expect engineers to
carry on work efficiently when it is impossible to
get any decision on important points from head-
quarters under three or four weeks? You must
have an executive head to every system, an
executive with a fixed purpose in view. You must
have such a system as will enable any part of it
to have an immediate and firm decision when any
question arises. Then things can be done."

ACCOMPLISHED BY THE GOVEBNMENT

So Much Done at Panama That Workmen Object
to Contract System.
What the Government has done under its
own management is explicitly told in the fol-
lowing correspondence of the New York
Herald, a paper which has never been any
too friendly either to the Panama project or
to President Roosevelt:

Change or no change, the canal is being dug.
This fact is apparent even from car windows
of the Panama Railroad. At Gatun a few weeks

ago there was only the beginning of a truly
wonderful transformation. Then it was a sleepy,
seldom-frequented, rather picturesque village,
back of which there were several bare hills. Now
there are forty residences and an office com-
pleted and occupied, and the face of the hills
has been scarred deep and long for the coming
locks.

The locks, the foundations of which are now
being excavated for, will 'be worthy of the world 's
greatest artificial waterway. Division Engineer
Maltby expresses indignation at the reports of a
poor foundation for these locks, and has recently
sent to Washington a big box of cores taken from
borings made along their entire length, which
show that there is nothing else but a rocTi base
in which to seat the heavy masonry necessary.
It may also be stated that the Gatun locks are
the biggest single unit or undertaking connected
with finishing the canal.

The three locks, which will raise a ship eighty-
five feet above sea level, will, with their con-
crete approaches, be a full mile in length. Put-
ting 125 cars of cement and crushed stone into
the masonry work each working day it will take
five years to complete them. Dredging is now
under way on a canal from Cristobal to the dam
site, which the engineers expect to complete in
five months, thereby rendering the lock work in-
dependent of the Panama Railroad.

Title to a quarry at Portobello, eighteen miles
along the coast from Colon, has been obtained
and barges loaded with trap rock for concrete
will soon be under tow direct to the spot where
it is needed. The gates for these locks and the
machinery necessary to lift them will not be new
in principle, but they will be the heaviest and
strongest ever made in the world.

This much talked of cut is beginning to take
second rank in importance. While there remains
an average depth from Bas Obispo to Cucaraeha
of 120 feet yet to be excavated, this contains no
terrors for the men in charge. The nine miles
of this division extending from Bas Obispo to
Pedro Miguel shows the impress of the activity
following the 'getting ready' period. The work
has been laid out and measured, and now it only
remains to serve the steam shovels with enough
cars to haul away the dirt and rock these mar-
velous machines bite out of the hillside.

Division Engineer Bollich, in charge of this
division, says that the cut can easily be com-
pleted in five years, but believes it will be done
in a year's less time. From his house, at the
summit of Empire Hill, twenty steam shovels
can be seen at work, while train after train,
either taking away dirt or returning for their
loads, are moving like shuttles in a loom. As a
matter of odious comparison for the benefit of
hostile critics, it is cited that at the top of
their activity the French canal diggers took out
of the same division in their biggest month 282,-
000 cubic yards, while for January, with an
adequate supply of cars and unloaders, the Amer-
ican record was 556,000 cubic yards, and we are
just getting well started.

By the end of this month there will be fifty-

THE PANDEX

487

four steam shovels at work
in the cut, minus the num-
ber that may be in the
shop for repairs. There arc
forty-eight there now. The
full complement of steam
shovels intended for the
canal work is sixty-three,
and they are all on the
Isthmus. There are a thou-
sand more big dirt ears
under order, some of which
are en route, with forty
more locomotives in sig:ht
in the factories of the
United States. There are
now in use on the canal
ninety newly-built Amer-
ican locomotives, to say
nothing of the chorus of
little Belgian engines in-
herited with the canal, and
all doing their capacity.

If within a year from this
date, contract or no con-
tract. Chief Engineer Stev-
ens saw fit to accept one of
the positions which persist-
ent rumor has it he is
offered — with more than
double his present salary —
he could do so without en-
dangering the success of
the enterprise and without
fear of being termed a
'quitter' or a 'traitor.'
There are practically no
more problems to be solved.
The much talked of lack of
dumps is laughed at by the
engineers. The Sosa dam
at Panama will take 6,000.-
000 yards of excavations,
Pedro Miguel and Gatun
dams will take a large
share and the nearby dump-
ing grounds and tracks
leading thereto are suffi-
cient for all the dirt in
sight. The matter of track-
age no longer worries. In
and along the cut the tracks
have mostly a solid rock
foundation and the new
tracks are pretty thor-
oughly ballasted. The De-
cember flood, the heaviest
in twenty years, hardly
halted the work of either
railroad or canal, and the
preparedness of the canal
forces for almost any sort
of a catastrophe was well
demonstrated. The labor
bugaboo has been downed
and the mixed classes of
labor used for the different

WHAT IS THE

GAME?

— Pittsburg Gazette-Times.

488

THE PANDEX

kinds of work is proving very successful. The
Spaniards, Italians, Colombians, and West In-
dians each seem to fit their special assignments,
and there is a better understanding as to how
labor should be fed and handled. The question
of housing, boarding and amusing the white em-
ployees is no longer considered of moment. Con-
stant addition and improvement is being made
in these branches, but the general plans have
been tried and found good. No severe complaints
are ever heard these days about the time of pay-
ing: or amounts of pay received, formerly one of
the vexatious worries of the canal management.
The survey for the relocation of the Panama
Railroad has been practically completed, and this
important shift of most of the line is only a
question of men, money and machinery, the first
and last of which are on the ground.

There is no longer fear of health conditions.
The entire zone and the city of Panama are as
free from disease or the danger thereof as it is
possible for sanitary skill to make them. In six
months more Colon will be a health resort as com-
pared with its former state. There will be needed
little more supplies of a permanent character,
such as machinery, etc., as there is now as-
sembled along the canal the greatest land-ex-
cavating plant in the world, and with the com-
pletion of the big sea-going dredges now under
order and construction that part of the equip-
ment will be of the same magnitude. All the
electric light and compressed air plants necessary

are in operation, under construction, or planned.
The Panama Railroad has all the equipment it
needs to handle the transcontinental freight and
the business of the canal. Some of this will wear
out and have to be replaced and the same can be
said of the canal machinery; but there will be a
reserve provided for that contingency.

There are plenty of good schools, a first-class
post-office system, telephone and telegraph sys-
tems, a working division of municipalities, courts,
police, and up-to-date fire protection, water
works, a division for streets, roads, and drains.

If the contractor comes he will naturally as-
sume executive authority to carry out the chief
engineer's plans and will relieve Mr. Stevens of
a great deal of his work. The canal workers do
not look with favor on the coming of the con-
tractor. They hope the contract will not be
awarded. They have been here with the prob-
lems. They have gone through the worst part of
the deal, and they want the credit of carrying
to its completion the work which they have now
so well in hand. They have every faith in their
ability to finish the canal by 1914 at the utmost,
as well and at as low a cost, if not lower, than
any individual or firm of contractors. The Her-
ald correspondent has met and talked with sev-
eral of the men in charge of important work, and
while they say they will render the same service
to a contractor as they do to their present head,
they would like to be allowed to go on as they are
now going.

THE CHEMISTRY OF WATER

DAZZLING MANIPULATIONS OF THE FINANCIERS WITH INFLATED

STOCKS CONTINUE IN SPITE OF TIGHT MONEY, INCIPIENT

PANIC. AND SHRINKING VOLUME OF INDUSTRY.

ONE of the greatest problems to which
women, in the event of suffrage, maj'
be called upon to apply their native instincts
and principles, is the question of the honesty
or dishonesty of so-called watered stock.
For, in spite of all public protest, the
maneuvering of Harriman and his allies and
associates with The System confinues to be
conducted upon this perilous and unstable
basis, and the tale of disaster and plunder
resulting from it continues uninterrupted.

A CRISIS, IF TRUTH IS TOLD

Wall Street Apprehended Difiiculties From Harri-
man's Testimony.
The delicacy of the situation which con-
stantly rests in the control of such men as

Mr. Harriman was shown in the following
item published in the New York Herald late
ill February:

When E. H. Harriman takes . the stand to-
morrow morning as a witness in the investigation
being conducted by the Inter-State Commerce
Commission into the affairs of the Union and
Southern Pacific Railroads, it is believed in finan-
cial circles that startling disclosures will be
made.

Mr. Harriman will, it is believed, unbend for
the first time in his history and fully and frankly
disclose the innermost details of the transactions
which are under investigation. Defiant of public
opinion he is acknowledged to have been, but un-
less men who consider themselves good judges of
the situation are greatly mistaken he is about to-
take the public into his confidence.

Upon the publi(?'s reception of these disclos-
ures, according to general opinion in Wall Street,

THE PANDEX

489

490

THE PANDEX

depends the continuance of existing methods. If
a wave of popular disapproval should follow, :t
is helieved that what would amount to a revo-
lution in the methods of high finance must be the
result.

Mr. Harriman is expected, for instance, to ac-
knowledge his absolute supremacy in the affairs
of the railroads which he dominates, even to the
extent of spending millions of dollars of their
capital as he sees fit, and bluntly reporting the
fact at the next meeting of his Executive Com-
mittee.

At the same time Mr. Harriman will probably
assert that such methods of carrying on a great
business are absolute necessities and that he did no
more than the heads of other great corporations
are doing every day. He is expected to go into
this phase of the matter in great detail, declaring
that although he had been given the utmost
authority to act as he saw fit in each case as it
arose, one or more members of the Executive
Committee were, in fact, consulted in all imoort-
ant matters before a final decision was made.

It is not believed, however, that Mr. Harriman
will attempt to excuse his methods, but, on the
contrary, will insist upon their effectiveness and
necessity under conditions as they now exist, and
that only by ' ' one-man control ' ' can a great busi-
ness be carried on successfully.

If this plan of procedure is followed by Mr.
Harriman, it is believed in the inner circles of
Wall Street that he will precipitate a crisis in
American business methods, and that the question
will be broadened from a discussion of the Pacific
lines to the issue of "one-man control" as op-
posed to committee arrangement.

PREDICTION OF TRADE REACTION

James J. Hill's Forecast of Recession in Business
in 1908 Arouses Much Interest.

The scope of the power possessed by the
financial leaders is to be inferred from be-
tween the lines of the following, from the
New York Times:

Many suggestions have been made recently in
one quarter or another that a slackening of
business is in sight, but Mr. Hill, who recently
sounded a note of warning, is the first man of
national prominence who has put himself on
record as forecasting relatively hard times in
1908. There is, it is true, nothing alarming in
Mr. Hill's predictions, but his views, publicly
expressed, have given definite trend to a discus-
sion of the question whether or not reaction is
already setting in, and of the further question
regarding the extent to which such reaction is
likely to go.

Mr. Hill's views as expressed recently in an
interview are that in the manufacturing sections
of the country there is already some slight falling
off and that this movement toward a recession in
business is likely to continue until by next year it

will have reached sufficient proportions to throw a
great many people out of employment. Mr. Hill
adds that what is going on in this direction is bj '
no means disquieting inasmuch as a gradual re-
cession now will probably save the country from
a sudden decline in business later on.

Broadly interpreted, Mr. Hill's view of the
matter is that prosperity so far as it is reflected
in industrial activity and in railroad traffic has
about reached its zenith for the time being, and
that a gradual lessening of the tension under
which the country has been running in the matter
of business activity will bring a normal reaction
which may be expected to run its course without
seriously damaging the business interests of the
country. Whereas the reaction which was sure
to come sooner or later might prove much more
disturbing if it did not make its appearance now
and begin quietly, as Mr. Hill believes it has
already begun.

A "RICH MAN'S PANIC"

Fortunes Involved in a Slump in Values, but No
Failures Reported.

On the other hand, the following indicates
that the public at large has been freeing it-
self rather successfully from the situation
into which frenzied finance had driven it.

New York. — After a vigorous effort to maintain
prices on the stock exchange, it was thought that
the severe liquidation of the previous day had
been stemmed. This opinion proved erroneous,
however, as the liquidation broke out afresh and
continued with great violence until the close.

Enormous blocks of stocks were thrown on the
market to be sold, which provided food for the
hungry bears, who hammered prices with a vin-
dictiveness that bespoke the knowledge of the
weak position of the bulls.

So great has the strain become, and so many
bank accounts have been shattered in the last two
weeks, that the gi-eat marble building of the
stock exchange is now called the "white
sepulcher. ' '

The outburst of selling and the greatest weak-
ness of the day was in the afternoon when
Atchison gave way under a flood of offerings.
Great blocks of Brooklyn Rapid Transit stock
had also been offered, forcing the prices down
for declines of 7 points in Atchison and 61/2
points in Brooklyn. Union Pacific and Southern
Pacific were also storm centers, and St. Paul and
Louisville hovered on the outer edge of the swirl-
ing storm that swept over Wall Street. St. Paul
sold below the low point reached in 1904, and
Louisville & Nashville lost five points on a limited
number of offerings.

From the volume of stock offered it was patent
that it was ricli men and powerful cliques that
were being squeezed this time in Wall Street. In
brokerage offices, customers smiled and the
habitues of commission offices were calm, despite

THE PANDEX

491

the shrinkage of millions of dollars as the hours oF all the public indignation aroused by the

[hrth?ste:dy%;7pTr:Lt:n^%orpin/r^ofr- letter, is discernible from the following ac-

lions was being carried out without a single count of the recent "deal in Reading,"

failure. The lack of disturbing features has given ^hjch ^yt shortly preceded a similar deal
the present market liquidation the name of a _ .

"rich man's panic." "7 Harnman m the shares he controlled in

Sfefe4^

THAT DEADLY CURVE.
The Too Predominant Emblem of Modem Railroading.

— Chicago News.

FRICK MAKES MILLIONS

Closes Suddenly Reading Bear Campaign and

Sends Price Shooting Up From 114 to 125.

How easily the men on the inside can still

make millions in spite of all the exposures

by the Interstate Commerce Commission and

other roads. The story is from the New
York World:

After one of the most exciting days Wall Street
has passed through in many years it became
known that H. C. Frick had executed one of the
most daring and successful coups in the history
of the Stock Exchange. His speculative medium

492

THE PANDEX

has been the stock of the Reading Railroad, which
he now controls. Wall Street hears that the road
is to be turned over to E. H. Harriman and is to
be the final link in the Union Pacific transcon-
tinental system, into which Baltimore and Ohio
has recently been welded. This story is em-
phatically denied by the Harriman bankers, but
Mr. Friek is silent on the subject.

The news of Mr. Frick's heavy purchases of
Reading came to Wall Street in the early after-
noon and caused a tremendous stampede of the
shorts to cover. Stocks began to rally with a
precipitancy that filled the bears with amaze-
ment and the tired bulls with hopefulness and
courage. The transactions for the day were
2,357,000 shares, the highest yearly record of any
one day on the Stock Exchange, except for
several days in the years 1906, 1904, and 1901.
Frick's Operations.

Early in December last the stock of the Read-
ing Railroad was selling around 152. Wall Street
looked forward to the usual January rise and
was very optimistic. Gradually it became known
that despite the bright outlook there was some
very heavy outpouring of Reading stock. It was
noticed that the brokers for H. C. Frick, William
H. Moore and Daniel G. Reid, members of the
Rock Island syndicate, were putting out large
blocks of the stock on the short side, and that
they were heavy borrowers of the stock for their
deliveries. It is almost impossible to success-
fully mask such large operations as they were
engaged in, but Wall Street was so impressed
with the belief that the usual January rise would
take place that it attached little importance to
the matter.

A January rise did not take place. There were
two or three little spurts which brought some
public buying, but each time a powerful group
of bears on the Stock Exchange assailed the
market, with the result that the gains were lost,
and still lower levels were established. This proc-
ess continued for about two months. There were
feeble rallies and violent declines until some
stocks were 100 points below the average prices
of 1906 and the average losses were about 30
points.

Days of Demoralization.

This was the state of things when there began
the most systematic bear campaign that Wall
Street has seen in several years. Stocks were
hammered down in all directions and enormous
liquidation followed. For three days Wall Street
was demoralized. There appeared to be no bot-
tom to the market. At every rally the bear forces
hurled themselves at the strong spots and prices
crumbled before their irresistible attacks. Bank-
ers were wondering where it would all end. The
public was oblivious to the bargain prices pre-
vailing. The pools harassed by repeated attacks
and seeing no sign of succor sacrificed their hold-
ings, and even Europe, which had been a steady
buyer of stock at the low prices, began to send
thousands of shares back to New York to add to
the local embarrassment.

While nothing like a panic, according to the
usual acceptance of the term, had as yet de-

veloped, the outlook had become exceedingly
gloomy, and many of the most conservative
financiers in the street began to express the
opinion that if the bear raids continued much
longer ruin would follow in many quarters.

The following day the market opened up with a
slight show of strength, and again the bear at-
tacks were followed by tremendous liquidation
and enormous declines. It was noticed, however,
that about noon Reading was beginning to show
some signs of recovery. .The transactions in it
were enormous, and though it had been re-
peatedly hammered its resistance showed that
there must have been some good buying power
behind it.

Beading Turns the Tide.

When the market opened again there was a
slight show of strength and again a fierce bear
attack. There was no panic, but there was wide-
spread trepidation and there were many predic-
tions that if the attacks continued another day
disaster and perhaps widespread ruin would
follow.

The darkest hour was between eleven and
twelve. Then there came the first gleam of hope.
Reading, which had been selling around 114,
began to fluctuate, violently, gaining two points
and losing one on enormous transactions, until it
began to shoot up a point at a time on tremendous
buying. Within a half hour it touched 125,
broke to 121, rallied to 123, and finally closed at
1241/2- The transactions in the stock for the
three days had been more than 2,000,000 shares,
or 600,000 more than the entire common stock of
the company.

The news soon leaked out that Mr. Frick and
his friends had covered all their outstanding
short contracts, and had practically bought every
voting share of stock in the market. This news
caused a wild scramble to cover and gains of
three to five points were made throughout the
list. Wall Street was convinced that the great
bear movement was over at last and that the men
who had been leading it had determined to cease
their attacks and turn the tide.

Reported Sale to Harriman.

About this time there came a dispatch from
Philadelphia that Frick had acquired the Balti-
more and Ohio and Lake Shore holdings of Read-
ing, together with those of the old Wasserman
pool, and had turned them over to E. H. Harri-
man. It then developed that Frick had returned
from Palm Beach to New York and had probably
been leading the bear attacks in order to buy
back the Reading stock he had sold around 140
in December at the low prices which have since
prevailed.

When it was found that Mr. Frick was in town
his office was besieged by reporters and brokers
in an effort to get at the truth of the Philadelphia
story. He denied himself to all interviewers and
went home without shedding any light on the
situation.

At the offices of Kuhn, Loeb & Co., the Harri-
man bankers, positive denials were given out of
the story that Mr. Harriman had bought the
Frick holdings. A representative of the firm

THE PANDEX

493

THE GRIM STATISTICIAN.

-New York 'World.

494

TPIE PANDEX

said that the whole matter was a stock-jobbing
scheme pure and simple. Several Wall Street
houses telegraphed to Mr. Harriman in Washing-
ton asking for information as to the deal. Mr.
Harriman said that he would neither deny nor
affirm the truth of the story.

Think Frick Made Millions.

There were many reports in Wall Street as to
the extent of Frick 's winnings on the coup. He
is known to have sold about 400,000 shares short,
and is supposed to have covered at a low enough
price to make his winnings between $6,000,000
and $8,000,000.

Mr. Frick is credited with having made a
smaller coup about a year ago when he went short
on a large amount of Reading at 160 and covered
at 140. He is said to have had the co-operation
of James R. Keene in his market venture.

The Baltimore and Ohio holdings of Reading

stock amount to $6,065,000 first preferred, $14,-
265,000 second preferred, and $10,002,500 com-
mon, a total of $30,332,500, control of which went
to the Harriman interests with their purchase of
the Baltimore and Ohio. The Lake Shore holds
an equal amount, which stock is said to have
been purchased by Mr. Harriman and his asso-
ciates. This would give them $60,665,000 of the
Reading stock out of a total of $140,000,000 out-
standing. The exact amount of H. C. Frick 's
holdings, which are said to be the largest of any
individual in the property, is not exactly known,
but inasmuch as he is closely allied with Mr.
Harriman in other enterprises, it was assumed
that his stock, if not actually sold to the Union
Pacific people, would be voted in their interests.
Persons closely related with Mr. Frick in a busi-
ness way denied that he had sold his stock to
Mr. Harriman.

MA CAN'T VOTE.

Ma's a graduate of college, and she's read 'most Ma is wiser than our coachman, for he's not a

everything; graduate,

She can talk in French and German, she can And I doubt if he could tell you who is governing

paint and she can sing — the State;

Beautiful? She's like a picture! When she He has never studied grammar, and I'll bet he

talks she makes you think doesn't know

Of the sweetest kind of music, and she doesn't Whether Caesar lived a thousand or two thousand

smoke or drink; years ago;

Oh, I can't 'begin to tell you all the poems she He could never tell us how to keep the ship of

can qpote; state afloat.

She knows inore than half the lawyers do, but For he doesn't know there's such a thing — but

ina caii'l vole. ma can't vote.

When my pa is writing letters ma must always Once when Mr. Jones was calling, they got up a

linger near short debate

To assist him in his spelling and to. make his That was on the tariff question; he supposed he

meaning clear. had it straight,

If he needs advice lier judgment, he admits, is But before they'd finished talking, he threw up

always best; his hands and said

Every day she gives him pointers, mostly at his That he 'd not read much about it ; nor remem-

own request; bered what he'd read;

She keeps track of legislation, and is taxed on He's too badly rushed to study how to better

bonds and stocks, human lives.

But she never gets a look-in at the sacred ballot- Still he looms up like a giant when election time

box.

arrives.

Mrs. Gookins does our washing, for she has to
help along,

Taking care of her six children, though her hus-
band's big and strong;

When he gets a job he only holds it till he draws
his pay.

Then he spends his cash for whisky or else
gambles it away;

I suppose his brain's no bigger than the brain of
any goat,

And he'd trade his ballot for a drink — but ma
can't vote.

— Chicago Record-Herald.

f ^' or r;.;

UNIVtRS

THE PANDEX

495

'WHAT BOTHERS ME IS, WHO'S GOING TO DO THE FIGGERIN' NOW!"

• — Cleveland Plain Dealer.

THE CLOSING OF THE SESSION

CONGRESS ENDS ITS FIFTY-NINTH BIENNIAL PERIOD WITH AN UN-
USUAL RECORD OF IMPORTANT LEGISLATION-PRESIDENT
ROOSEVELT OUTMANEUVERED HIS OPPONENTS
IN ALMOST EVERY FIGHT-USED THE DEMO-
CRATS AS A CLUB.

WHATEVER may have been the results
of men's rule in such important mat-
ters as the engineering of the Panama Canal
and the manipulating of Wall Street, the
highest factor in the legislative phase of the
federal government appears to have liber-
ated itself eflf actively from its long pro-
tracted tribute to "vested interests" and to
have delivered to the people a roster of en-
actments and proceedings which current ob-
servers are already comparing favorably
with the works and plans of President Roose-
velt. Thus far, at least, has the progress
toward governmental improvement made
way, and this much at least of promise is
offered for the future.

ROOSEVELT STILL THE LEADER

Executive the Central Influence in Much More
Than the Usual Legislation.

Notwithstanding every effort of the "in-
terests" and their allies in Congress, Presi-
dent Roosevelt was generally conceded to
have been the triumphant force thruout the
fifty-ninth session. Said the unfriendly New
York Herald:

Those who have been declaring the influence of
President Roosevelt was waning will be disposed
to revise their opinion after carefully considering
the work of the last three months in the Caoitol,
which ended with the closing of the Fifty-ninth
Congress.

This has been the "short session," at which
usually nothing is done except pass appropriation
bills. Yet the President has been the central

496

THE PANDEX

figure of the session, and his personality has been
impressed on many measures.

In the face of considerable opposition the
record of Presidential achievement is surpris-
ingly long for a session beginning in December
and ending in March. The President, with in-
finite 'patience and after great difficulty brought
about an adjustment of the Japanese trouble in
San Francisco, which threatened the friendly
relations between the United States and Japan.
He joined issue with those Senators who started
out to make him the target for violation of the
law and constitution in the Brownsville matter
and maneuvered his opponents into a position
where they were glad to vote for a resolution de-
claring the inquiry into the discharge of the negro
troops did not involve the legality or justice of
the President's action.

Mr. Roosevelt was able to obtain ratification of
the revised Santo Domingo treaty, which had
been in various shapes before Congress for three
sessions. He was fortunate in forcing upon the
Senate by the weight of public opinion the con-
firmation of the Panama Canal Commissioners.
He induced a complete change of sentiment in the
Senate and House on the subject of great battle
ships, and the 20,000-ton ship authorized last year
is to have a sister ship. He helped win the fight
for shortening the hours of work of railway em-
ployees, and the passage of the Philippine Agri-
cultural Bank Bill is a victory for the adminis-
tration.

Against this are to be set a few disappoint-
ments, including the failure of the mail subsidy
in the Senate, after it had been put in the shape
recommended by the President and Secretary
Root.

Mr. Roosevelt recommended strongly amending
the land laws, but Congress did nothing. He
made a stand for Congressional sanction for his
scheme for the leasing of public coal lands, and
there was almost unanimous opposition to it in
both Houses. No progress whatever was made
with the administration Philippine Tariff Reduc-
tion Bill.

USED DEMOCRATS AS A CLUB

How the President Beat Refractory Republicans
Into Line With Him.

One of the means resorted to by the Presi-

■lent to maintain his ascendancy was thus

described in the Kansas City Star:

Throughout this extraordinary Congress the
Democrats have played a highly important and
very unusual part. They have served as the club
in the hands of the President. At every appear-
ance of resistance on the part of the Republicans
to the President's policies the Democrats have
sprung to his rescue; then, to avoid appearing to
drive their own President into the arms of the
Democrats, the Republicans have always yielded.
Usually they have managed to make it appear
that they yielded gracefully. In fact, however,

they yielded to Democratic force, wielded by the
President.

If there had been no Democrats in the Senate
the President would never have got anywhere
with the reforms. The club has always been
ready to his hand, and he has never hesitated to
wield it. He used it in the railroad fight and
again with much more success in the Browns-
ville fight. There the club was wielded with such
force as to bring the Republican rebels into line
in forty-eight hours. These things are always
billed as Republican love feasts after they are
over and the Republican proposition has gone
through by a unanimous vote, but each time it
has been the victory of the Democratic club.

RECORD OF THE TWO YEARS

Fifty-ninth Congress Likely to Share With Roose-
velt in Credit for Achievements.
In the following by "Raymond" in the
Chicago Tribune is a comprehensive review
of the general work of the session:

Washington, D. C. — Monday noon will mark the
end not only of the life of the Fifty-ninth Con-
gress, but of the first half of the individual ad-
ministration of Theodore Roosevelt.

It has been a strenuous two years from a Gov-
ernmental point of view. . Looking back upon it,
now that Congress is about to close its labors, it
is easy to see that these two years mark an ex-
traordinary time of mutual achievement.

It may well be doubted if during any other two
years of profound peace, so much has been done
by Congress, instigated and sanctioned by the
Executive, of such vast importance to the in-
terests of the people at large.

President Roosevelt's reputation as a doer of
things has been matched by Congress. It is quite
possible that the President spurred Congress on
to do things it might not otherwise have done,
but history in the long run will probably make
mention of the period from March 4, 1905, to
March 4, 1907, as the one most fruitful of
beneficent laws, and the credit will probably be
shared in the years to come by the President and
the Congress in about equal proportions.
Great Record of Big Achievements.

These testaments are not extravagant. They
seem to be borne out by the facts. It does not
even take a legislative expert to recapitulate the
big things which have not merely heen talked
about, but which have actually been done during
the life of this one Congress. The average
citizen can run over on the fingers of his two
hands the measures of vast importance put
through after a hard fight in each case and now
actually in operation for the manifest benefit of
the country.

It would be natural for most people in checking
off the legislative record of the Fifty-ninth Con-
gress to start with the Railroad Rate Bill, run
through the pure food law, and continue with
the meat inspection law, Japanese exclusion, im-
migration reform, the inerease of the pay of

THE PANDEX

497

members of Congress, Cabinet officers, postal
clerks and carriers, the remission of the tax upon
alcohol used in industry and the arts, the pas-
sage of the Aldrich bill providing for a reissue of
the greenbacks into lower denominations, reform
of the consular service, the appropriation of over
$80,000,000 for river and harbor work, the re-
organization of the artillery, the passage of
treaties, or resolutions concerning our relations
with Santo Domingo, the Congo, and Morocco, the
law restricting the hours of labor of railroad
employees, and a number of other measures of
almost equal impoi'tance, many of which are
collateral to those already mentioned and in-
tended to strengthen them.

Rate Bill Alone a Record.
In the case of the history of almost any other
country, one would be quite satisfied to record
such an achievement as the passage of the Rail-

EARNED THEIR INCREASED SALARIES.

498

THE PANDEX

way Rate Bill. It involved a reform of wide-
spreading proportions, it was fought persistently
by some of the greatest financial interests in the
country, and there was an honest difference of
opinion not only as to how far it was proper to
go, but as to the extent to which the Federal
Government could assume to control private
property.

The principles laid down by Congress in the
Railway Rate Bill, although on its surface revo-
lutionary in the extreme, because it involves the
right of the Government of the United States to
declare whether a given rate on the railroad is
fair or unjust, already has proven itself a good
law to the extent that it has hurt no railroad
properties, has depressed the price of no stocks,
and has, thus far, at least, inflicted no open
injury on any one.

It is likely in the long run the railroad rate
law will confer its greatest benefit, not through
the arbitrary action of a government commis-
sion armed with extraordinary powers, but by
the moral effect of the law itself.

The railroads had begun to consider themselves
superior to the law, a system of combination had
been adopted which had rendered them almost
invulnerable to attacks through the courts. The
assumption on the part of the Government that
it would exercise the right to regulate rates on
interstate commerce was the one thing necessary
to bring the railroads to terms.

Means Boon to the People.

It is in every way probable that they will
adjust their rates gradually but surely on a fair
basis, and the people will be the gainers more
because of the stability of the rates and the
abolition of unfair discrimination between ship-
pers than by the actual lowering of the charges
for transportation. The present indications are
that the railroad rate law will prove as notable
in its way in regard to commercial affairs as the
emancipation proclamation was in its effect upon
the civil life of America.

There is some reason for those who view with
alarm the apparent concentration of power in the
hands of the Federal Government. Some of the
best things done by the Fifty-ninth Congress
have necessarily involved taking away certain
powers indirectly from the states and giving
them to the nation. .

It is probable there never was a law which
began to execute itself so exquisitely and so rap-
idly as the pure-food measure passed by the Con-
gress just about to expire. It, too, was fought,
and there was in this case also an honest differ-
ence of opinion. The representatives of great
drug houses, of the manufacturers of prepared
foods, of distillers, and of the proprietors of sup-
posedly secret patent medicines, bombarded Con-
gress with assertions that their lives, their lib-
erty, and their property were all at stake. Con-
gress listened to none of these people, and the
result has demonstrated the wisdom of this legis-
lative deafness.

Curb on Patent-Medicine Men.

The patent-medicine men and the whisky com-

pounders were brought within the range of the
pure-food law exactly as the express companies
and the sleeping-car concerns were brought under
the rate law. No one was injured by it in either
case. The patent-medicine men were compelled
to give notice to the public as to dangerous ingre-
dients their preparations might contain. Foods,
imitation or genuine, were required to be properly
labeled and the housewife, when she enters her
grocery, as well as the club member when he
visits his wine merchant, are both aware of the
fact they have benefited by a law which does not
ostensibly interfere in any way with the local
manufacture or sale of any product, but which
does by a limitation on inter-state commerce
guarantee to the consumer the purity of the ar-
ticle of food or drink he buys.

Meat-Inspection Law.

Then there is the meat-inspection law. It, too,
was fought to a finish. The great packing-house
interests had their representatives in Washing-
ton for months. Billy Lorimer and Representa-
tive Wadsworth made an open fight against the
policy of the President and lost their battle. The
packing houses were cleaned up as a result of
the reports made to Congress. A law was passed
requiring a satisfactory inspection of packing-
house products, and this, in connection with the
pure-food law, has almost instantly raised the
grade of American food products the world over,
until Germany to-day is discussing the raising of
the bars which were put up long ago against
American meat.

It is a really remarkable coincidence that in
three such cases the Federal Government should
have begun to exercise great power of its own,
and three such wonderful laws should have begun
their new operation within such a brief time, and
yet there is to-day scarcely a complaint that any
railroad, packing house, drug store, distillery, or
patent-medicine establishment has been driven
out of business. Apparently it is a case where
it has been demonstrated by legislative enactment
that it pays to be honest, and that the public can
be protected in the most careful way without
hurting the railroad proprietor or the manufac-
turer, and without taking away from the mon-
eyed class any fair proportion of its profits.

Taking the Tax From Alcohol.

Coupled with these three laws, which were dis-
tinctly reformatory in their character and which
were the outgrowth of complaint against private
aggression, there is to be credited up to the
Fifty-Ninth Congress some governmental good
sense in the remission of revenue for the sake of
promoting commerce. When the old internal-
revenue laws were created it was the most natu-
ral thing in the world to tax alcohol.

It was then almost entirely the basis of a bev-
erage. It was in no sense a necessity of life, but
the drinks which were concocted from it on the
whole were deleterious, and it was a fair proposi-
tion for the Government to raise money by tax-
ing alcohol, on the theory that it was wise to dis-

THE PANDEX

499

courage its use and because alcoholic beverages,
as most people know, always add to the burden
of every government.

Since these early days there has been a re-
markable commercial change. Alcohol may now
be produced from a great variety of vegetable
substances. More than that, it has a use, when
produced, entirely apart from the composition
of alcoholic beverages. Congress has been urged
for many years to remit the tax on alcohol used
in the industries or the arts. It failed to do so
because the Government authorities were afraid
that it would open the door to vast frauds upon
the revenue.

social life. Denatured alcohol is almost certain
to be a familiar article of daily use, and if it is
it will count a lot on the profit side of the ledger
of almost every farmer in America.

AS SEEN BY A SENATOR

Beveridge, of Indiana, Outlines the Work of the
Closing Session.

An inside view of the results of the ses-
sion, and one which gives in much greater
detail the effect of the enactments, especially

SAFE!

— Cleveland Plain Dealer.

It remained for the Fifty-Ninth Congress to
provide means by which alcohol can be 'dena-
tured' or so mixed with poisonous substances
that it can not safely be used as a beverage. The
tax has been taken off this denatured alcohol, and
the price of this burning fluid has already
dropped to an extraordinary degree.

Boon to the Farmer.

It was found necessary, in fact, to amend the
original law so as to put it within the power of
farmers and people of small means to produce
the denatured article themselves and thus to take
away the practical monopoly of the distillers in
regard to a burning fluid which has come to be
almost a necessity of modern commercial and

of the last half of the Session, is the follow-
ing communication written for the New
York Times by Senator Beveridge.

It is unfortunate that nearly half of the time
of the Senate was taken up in the Brownsville
controversy. This made the enactment of laws
in the few remaining weeks almost impossible.
Nevertheless more important laws have been en-
acted than is generally believed. Of these the
one of greatest immediate practical interest to
most people is the amendment to the present law
which takes the internal revenue tax off alcohol
when denatured.

The law which passed last session proved a dis-
appointment, because it confined the denaturizing

500

THE PANDEX

SAVED!

— Cleveland Plain Dealer

of alcohol to the great distilleries having enor-
mous tanks. Therefore the farmer who wanted
to make denatured alcohol out of his wood, pota-
toes, or any other vegetable that has sugar in it,
was no better off than he was before. So we
passed this session an act amending last year's
law, which, briefly speaking, permits any farmer
or anybody else who has the materials any place
in the country, to make alcohol and have it de-
natured in any quantity whatever. The benefit
of this in giving cheap fuel for heat, power, light,
or anything else, can not be measured by money.
It is simply incalculable.

Employers' Liability Act.

The next act of gi-eatest practical importance
to most people is the law so long and earnestly
demanded by the railroad employees of the coun-
try which provides that no railroad company
shall require or permit any employee to be on
continuous service for more than sixteen consecu-
tive hours. This cures the appalling evil of
which most of the country is ignorant, the prac-
tice of railroad companies in keeping many of
their employees, and particularly engineers, on
duty for an unbelievable number of hours with-
out rest or sleep. Sometimes engineers were
kept on duty forty hours. No man will ever know
how many of the railroad wrecks, with their
shocking loss of life, have been due to this prac-
tice. This law stops it. It also prevents rail-
roads from permitting telegraphers who are train

dispatchers to have longer consecutive service
than eight hours.

Criminal Appeal Bill.

What is known as the Federal Appeals Bill is
the most radical departure in legal procedure
which Congress has made in many years. Never
before in our history could the Government take
an appeal in criminal eases. This was under the
constitutional provision that any man should not
be put twice in jeopardy.

So until the passage of this act, if the Govern-
ment lost in any prosecutions, it could not appeal
the case to the higher court, no matter how fla-
grantly the trial judge had erred. The person or
corporation against whom the prosecution was
being made could take an appeal if the Govern-
ment won, but the Government could not if the
defendant won. It was an absurd situation, re-
sulting in great practical wrong. This law per-
mits the Government to take an appeal from cer-
tain judgments of the trial court, where the con-
struction of the statutes under which the prose-
cution is brought is involved.

Modifying Immigration Act.

We passed the Immigration Bill also. It is an
admirable measure, safeguarding this country
from the worst class of immigrants, yet welcom-
ing and encouraging desirable foreigners to come
here. I have never had any sympathy with the
wholesale outcry against immigrants and for-

THE PANDEX

501

END OF ANOTHER ROUGH RIDE FOR TEDDY.

— Cleveland Plain Dealer.

ei^ners. I supnose we and our ancestors were all
immigrants and foreigners some time or other.
It is a fact of vital statistics that but for our
immigrant population the United States would
stand still and actualb' decrease. As it is, Sen-
ator Bacon stated on the floor of the Senate that
it is impossible for the southern manufacturing
industries to get enough help. It is a good deal
better to have sound, healthy foreigners come
here and help run our industries than it is to kill
our children in mills, mines, and sweatshops.

Checking Campaign Contributions.

A victory for political purity was achieved in
the passage of the law prohibiting corporations
from making money contributions in connection
with political elections. Everybody knows what
the situation has been heretofore, but now any
director or officer of a national bank or any cor-
poration organized under act of Congress who
makes a money contribution in any direction is
liable to fine and imprisonment; and any corpo-
ration of any kind, or its officers or directors,
who makes a contribution in connection with a
Federal election, is in danger of the same pen-
alties. That law will work a greater change in
our political methods than many people realize.

In Behalf of Women and Children.

A law of the deepest possible human interest
was passed providing for the investigation of the
labor of women and children throughout the re-

public. Most unfortunately and unwisely, the
House made a deterniined attempt to transfer
this inspection from the Bureau of Labor, which
was created for that purpose and which is pre-
pared to perform that service, to the Census
Bureau, which was not created for that purpose
and was not prepared for that service. This was
done by the House over the protest of .the Census
Bureau and the President.

However, in conference the Senate provision,
placing it where it belonged, in the hands of the
Labor Bureau, was substantially retained by the
device of putting the investigation in the hands
of the Secretary of Commerce and Labor. This
means, of course, that the investigation will be
as it should be, conducted by the Bureau of
Labor. By next session we ought to have a
fairly good report.

Even without this investigation I have no
doubt of the passage of the National Child Labor
Bill at the next session of Congress upon the
facts which it took me two days to present to
the Senate. About the constitutionality of such
a law, there is no longer much doubt. Decisions
of the Supreme Court presented to the Senate
have not been answered, and will not be — can not
be, indeed, except by new decisions of the Su-
preme Court reversing these.

In this connection its worth while to note that
we passed an act incorporating the National
Child Labor Committee, of which the eminent

502

THE PANDEX

scholar and publicist, Dr. Felix Adler, is the
head.

Protecting the Old Soldiers.

The law increasing the Government's already
great liberality toward the soldiers of the nation
was passed. According to the act any soldier
who served ninety days or more and who has
reached the age of sixty-two years shall receive
$12 a month; seventy years, $15 a month; and
seventy-five years or over, $20 a month.

The law which most widely and directly affects
the business interests of the country was, of
course, the currency law. It provides for three
important things: The increase in the issue of
$1, $2, and $5 bills and the corresponding de-
crease of $10 bills. This puts in the hands of
the people more serviceable currency.

The Treasury and the Banks.

In the next place, this law provides that the
Secretary of the Treasury may deposit money
received by the Government from customs re-
ceipts. Heretofore, of course, the Treasury could
deposit moneys of the Government received from
every other source than the customs. It has been
for years absurd and anomalous that the customs
receipts should be locked up in the Treasury in-
stead of distributed over the country in the
banks.

There was no more reason why this money
should be locked up in the Treasury than there
was that any other money of the Government
should be locked up in the Treasury, but the law
corrects that rather absurd situation. When this
money is distributed among the banks of the

country it releases other money held by the banks
for loan purposes; in other words, makes money
'easier.' Also, the law leaves it optional with
the Secretary of the Treasury how much of this
money he will put out and when. In other words,
the elasticity of our currency is greatly increased
by this simple provision.

A good many other laws were passed, as, for
example, the increase in salaries of members of
Congress, the provision for the construction of
two additional battleships, the increase of sala-
ries of letter carriers, the reduction of the
amounts paid railroads for carrying the mails, et
cetera. But the above are those of most general
interest.

Philippine Agricultural BiU.

A bill was enacted into law which will have a
profound effect for good in the industrial condi-
tions of the Philippines. This is the Philippine
Agricultural Bank Act. It authorizes the Philip-
pine Government to guarantee an income of not
exceeding four per cent annually on cash capital
actually invested in an agricultural bank. This
bank grants loans only to those engaged in agri-
culture and the loans are limited to $5000 unless
the Secretary of Finance of the Philippine Gov-
ernment in writing authorizes a greater loan.
The interest and principal on these loans will be
collected for the bank by the tax collectors of the
Philippine Government.

In other words, this bank is a duplicate of the
Egyptian Agricultural Bank, which has had for
years such wonderful success and achieved such
admirable results. As soon as we abolish, or at

APPROPRIATIONS OF FIFTY-NINTH CONGRESS COMPARED WITH FIRST YEAR

UNDER M'KINLEY.

Washington, D. C. — The following statement shows the appropriations made at the last
session of Congress, the approximate amount of appropriations at this session, and offers, in
comparison, the appropriations available in 1898, the first year under the McKinley Adminis-
tration. As the appropriations made at this session are for the fiscal year 1908 this latter
column will show how appropriations have grown in ten years:

1898, First
First Session Second Session Year Under

Title of Bill. 59th Congress. 59th Congress. McKinley.

Agriculture $ 6,882,690 $ 10,000,000 $ 3,182,902

Army 70,396,631 81,700,000 23,129,344

Diplomatic and Consular 2,123,047 3,000,000 1,695,368

District of Columbia 9,801,197 10,700,000 6,186,991

Fortifications 6,747,893 7,500,000 9,517,141

Indian 7,923,814 12,800,000 7,674,120

Legislative, etc 29,136,732 31,000,000 21,690,766

Military Academy 673,713 1,900,000 479,572

Navy 100,336,679 101,000,000 33,003,234

Pensions \.. 138,250,100 145,000,000 141,263,880

Postoffice 181,022,093 212,000,000 95,665,338

Rivers and Harbors 18,181,875 85,000,000 20,832,412

Sundry Civil 66,813,450 115,000,000 34,490,370

Deficiencies 31,683,288 50,000,000 9,096,417

Miscellaneous 3,375,086 5.000,000 749,057

Permanent Annual Appropriations 146,836,320 150,000,000 120,078,220

Total $820,184,634 $1,021,600,000 $528,735,079

THE PANDEX

503

CONGRESS HAS COMPLETED THE ARDUOUS LABOR OF RAISING ITS SALARY.

— Chicago Tribune.

504

THE PANDEX

least reduce the tariff, upon products of the Phil-
ippines— as we will do next session — the indus-
trial progress of the Philippines will be astonish-
ing. And the comfort and satisfaction of the
people will increase accordingly.

Batifying the Treaties.

To my mind, few things were done at this ses-
sion of more far-reaching effect than the jatifica-
tion of the Algeciras Treaty. This established
the great principle that the American Republic,
as one of the family of nations, will take part in
the conferences of her sister nations which are
designed to prevent war and promote a better
acquaintance and friendship of nation with na-
tion. Of course, the Algeciras Treaty had to do
chiefly with the policing and general administra-
tion of Morocco; of course, too, the commercial
interests of the United States were involved
somewhat. But after all its most noticeable
phase was the beginning of those conferences be-
tween friendly nations to prevent war among
them and increase good understanding.

The ratification of the Santo Domingo Treaty
was much more than the settlement of a vexed
situation at our very doors. The solution of that
practical and immediate difficulty was important
enough, but it is not the largest result that will
flow from this treaty. Of course I take it for
granted that everybody knows the situation in
Santo Domingo.

The treaty provides for a payment of this
great debt reduced to something like an honest
basis by the establishment of a receivership, the
receiver to be appointed by the President of the
United States. He collects all the customs of the
republic and applies a fixed portion to the extin-
guishment of the debt, and the rest, of course.

to the Dominieian Government. And the United
States is to afford all assistance necessary to
carry out this treaty.

President Beat His Opponents.

This means that we have destroyed anarchy,
which was existinji; within sight of our flag, and
that we have prevented European nations from
seizing this invaluable island in satisfaction of
debts due their citizens. And it also means the
beginning of American administration in that
island. The arrangement will be found so bene-
ficial to the poor people of Santo Domingo that
they will demand an increase of it as well as a
continuance of it.

This may be a disagreeable duty, but surely A
duty it is. How can "the most powerful and
enlightened people in the world" tolerate sav-
agery at our very doors and within physical
sight of our flag 1 Of course, this is only my own
interpretation of the final results oj: this treaty
— others hold different views.

Some rebellion was manifested toward the
President, but it conspicuously failed. His
streneth with the people, which some men thought
had reached its climax a year ago and would de-
cline, is increasing all the time, and Congress
finally felt this as much as the people themselves.

The most notable attack upon the President
was the carefully planned and most ably deliv-
ered assault upon the President's forestry policy,
upon which the equally great irrigation policy
depends. The fight was conducted with the great-
est skill, vigor, ability, and determination. But
it was defeated.

The President comes out of the session far
stronger with Congress than he was at the be-
ginning of the session.

— St. Louis Republic.

THE PANDBX

505

Gxxixaxuau).

oiauarumcoxcoia

'LEGISLATING" FOR DETROIT.

-Detroit Journal.

LEGISLATIVE ROORBACKS

CORPORATIONS WHICH RECENTLY ANTAGONIZED ALL FEDERAL
LEGISLATION NOW TURN TO THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
FOR PROTECTION AGAINST THE SUDDEN WAVE OF UN-
FAVORABLE LAWS IN THE SEVERAL STATES.

WTH Congress passing legislation so
fully in accord with the general pres-
sure of the public for regulation of corpor-
ations, it seems to have become a source both
of grievance and alarm to the financial lead-
ers' interest in these corporations to find not
cnly an echo of the federal legislation but an
intensification of it in the majority of state
congresses. And where, less than a year ago,
these same interests were raising a warning
against assumption of state rights by the
government, there seems now to prevail a
general feeling that there is greater safety
in trusting the federal law-making body than
in depending upon the impulses and deter-
minations of the various states.

THE RAGE FOR TWO-CENT FARES

Railroad Magnates Beseech the President for
Aid to Stop Legislatures.
The most pronounced courses of action
taken by the several states have been along
lines indicated in the following from the
New York Times :

A mighty cry for help has gone up from the
railroad companies East and West. In their ex-
tremity they have appealed to the President of
the United States to help them out. They want
something said which will deter sitting legisla-
tures from enacting proposed legislation. The
two-cents-a-mile passenger fare propaganda has
spread until it would appear that nothing now
can be done to prevent that legislation in a ma-
jority of states. Not even the railroads in Penn-
sylvania have successfully opposed the legisla-

506

THE PANDEX

tion for reduced passenger rates in that state.

It is the fear that freight schedules will be
next considered and that the graft which has
been enjoyed by the railroads since 1873 in the
mail-carrying contracts will be interfered with
that has caused the new alarm.

ACTION BY THE STATES

Iowa, Nebraska, and Kansas Limit the Railroad
Passenger Bates.

Some typical instances of state action are

afforded in the following dispatches to the

Chicago Record-Herald :

Des Moines, Feb. 28. — Governor Cummins to-
day signed the two-cent-fare bill and it will be-
come effective July 4.

The House to-day passed the Senate resolution
demanding that Congress call a convention to
revise the Federal constitution, particularly with
reference to the election of senators by the peo-
ple. Passage by the House completes the legis-
lative action, and the resolution now goes to
Washington as the demand of Iowa.

Printed reports of the inter-state convention
held here in December, at which it was proposed
to ask legislatures to demand such a convention,
were issued to-day.

Representative Paul to-day offered a bill to
limit the expenditures of candidates for state
and other offices in Iowa. The highest amount
allowed is $750 for candidates for state offices.

The Legislature adjourned until March 5.

Nebraska for Two-Cent Rate.

Lincoln, Neb., Feb. 28.— The Senate to-day
passed the House two-cent passenger-fare bill
and the House agreed to a Senate amendment.
The measure, which has the emergency clause and
becomes effective as soon as signed, now goes to
the governor.

Take Action in Kansas.

Topeka, February 28.— The Senate to-day
passed the Noftzger substitute for the Bower
Bill. The bill provides that railroads shall sell
mileage books of five hundred miles or more at
the rate of two cents per mile. The regular pas-
senger fare, where a mileage book is not used,
remains at three cents a mile.

The House to-day passed a bill making a
twenty per cent reduction in sleeping-car rates.

CALLS RATE LAWS DANGEROUS

President of New Haven Road Sees the Possi-
bility of a Revolution.

How quickly the railroad officials discov-
ered danger in the laws above' suggested is
shown by the following from the Chicagc
Tribune :

Hartford, Conn. — In an address to Trinity
College undergraduates on rate legislation Presi-

dent Mellen, of the New Haven Road, to-night
vigorously attacked the rate Liw as a revengeful
and punitive enactment, capable, if enforced, of
developing a revolution. He flayed the present-
day political leaders for being responsible for
the destructive ideas prevailing. He said in
part:

"I always have conceded the need for efficient
regulation of the railroads. There should be a
tribunal to redress the wrongs — too much power
is not to be trusted to even successful and ad-
mittedly able men.

"It always has seemed to me that it would
be preferable for the corporations and the public
that such regulation should be by the general
government rather than by the states, because
of the necessity of a reasonable degree of uni-
formity. A commission at Washington is less
likely to be affected by local prejudice and more
likely to give judicial consideration.

"What was needed, however, was regulation,
not restriction ; protection, not persecution ; but
when the rate law was available for examination
it was found to be revengeful and punitive,
drawn either in ignorance or prejudice, with less
thought of fairness to the railroads or the inter-
est of the public than to concentrate tremendous
power in the general government not necessary
for the regulation or elimination of abuses, and
which, if constitutional, gives the power to de-
range the established markets to an extent that,
if exercised, will produce little short of a revo-
lution.

"The discrimination shown by the public
crimes against corporate wealth and individual
or personal wealth is most discouraging. It is
evidence of decadence in public morality that
bodes ill for all who have a competence."

WILL FIGHT TWO-CENT FARES.

Railroads Plan to Ask Courts to Restrain En-
forcement of Measure.

Another evidence of the feeling of the cor-
porations in the matter of state railroad
legislation is afforded in the following from
the Chicago Inter-Ocean :

The western railroads have determined to fight
in the courts all state laws making two cents a
mile the maximum passenger rate. Attorneys of
several of the largest roads held a conference
here yesterday, with a view to having all roads
pursue the same policy as to litigation over the
two-cents-a-mile rate.

The plan now generally favored is to ask the
courts to restrain the enforcement of the law, on
the ground that a rate of two cents a mile would
cause the railroads a heavy loss, and in many
cases would require them to run trains at less
than the actual operating expenses, regardless of
the fixed charges, taxes, and other obligations of
the railroads, of which they claim the passenger
traffic should assume a share.

The fact that the net passenger earnings of
the railroads of Ohio have steadilv increased

THE PANDEX

507

since that state passed a two-cent law does not,
so the western lines claim, warrant the conclusion
that the same result would follow in the western
states. The population to the square mile is
much greater in Ohio than in Iowa, Minnesota,
Missouri, Wisconsin, and Nebraska. The Ohio

way circles here yesterday when telegrams came
announcing that Governor Folk had signed the
two-cents-a-mile law passed by the Missouri Leg-
islature. It was the belief of some of the big
railway men that Governor Folk would stand by
the railroads in their fight and veto the law.

THE RUMOR THAT THERE ARE TO BE OTHER RESIGNATIONS IN THE SENATE IS

UNFORTUNATELY ONLY FOUNDED ON HOPE.

— Chicago Tribune.

roads have made two cents a mile their minimum,
as well as maximum rate, cutting off reduced
rates for all occasions. The result is that the
people of Ohio are paying more in the long run
for traveling on the railoads than they did when
the maximum rate was three cents a mile, and the
railroads ran numerous low-rate excursions and
granted special rates for state and county fairs,
conventions, and other events.

There was much disappointment in higher rail-

ANTI-PASS BILLS PREVAIL

Reform Measure Adopted by Vote of Ninety-One
to Two — Kansas Senate in Line Also.

The extension of the federal legislation
against passes to similar enactments by the
states is indicated in the following from the
Chicago Tribune:

Lincoln, Neb. — The House, by a vote of ninety-

508

THE PANDEX

one to two, seven members being absent, acted
favorably on the anti-pass bill. All amendments
were voted down. It prevents the issuance of
free railroad transportation except to bona-fide
employees and their immediate families, railroad
surgeons, and attorneys actually employed by
railroads at a salary of not less than $1000 a
year.

Exceptions are made in the eases of persons
permanently injured in the railroad service, to
widows, and dependents of those killed in rail-
road accidents, and caretakers of live stock and
perishable freight.

Each month the railroads must publish a list
of pass holders. The bill carries the emergency
clause.

A bill was introduced in the Senate making the
maximum price for telegraph service within the
state seventy-five per cent of the rates in force
on January 1, 1907.

Kansas Against Passes, Too.
Topeka, Kas. — After twice reversing itself the
Senate, by a vote of thirty-nine to one, passed
the Getty anti-pass bill. The bill, though less
stringent, is in many ways similar to the Stone
Bill, already passed by the House.

DANGER IN TWO-CENT FAKES

TRUESDALE DEPLORES WAR

Lackawanna Railroad President Thinks People
Are Hurting Themselves.

Another protest on the part of the rail-
roads is the following, from the New York
World, quoting a statement by President W.
II. Truesdale of the Delaware, Lackawanna
and Western Railroad :

"I have nci desire to enter into a discussion
of the causes of the present situation or who is
primarily responsible for it, although I have pro-
nounced ideas as to his identity. No doubt there
is some justification for the public hostility
against railroads. On the other hand, there is
little doubt that the conditions complained of are
not so bad or so universal as claimed. They have
been exaggerated and distorted, resulting in
much unreasonable prejudice being aroused and
bitterness engendered, which is likely to work
great wrong and injustice.

"The tendency is to go to an extreme which
will not serve merely to remedy conditions and
pi-actices that need attention, but, extending far
beyond, will so cheek and impede the operation
of railroads as to affect general business inter-
ests. Then all will suffer together.

"Legislation by Congress and by states is now
the favorite panacea for all existing and imag-
ined evils of railway management. New laws
and pending bills provide a supervision and con-
trol by inexperienced officials which would ham-
per and embarrass the transportation interests
of the country beyond measure."

Conflict Between Federal and State Authority is
Apprehended.
Possible eonfliet between state and fed-
eral authority in railroad legislation was
promptly brought forward by opponents of
the former. Said Sumner in the Chicago
Record-Herald :

Washington. — The epidemic of two-cent pas-
senger-fare legislation that is sweeping the coun-
try is regarded with apprehension in Washing-
ton. It is recognized to be, in a large measure,
the result of reaction from years of railroad and
general corporation domination of politics, and
weariness on the part of the people of being taxed
to pay dividends on scores of millions of richly
watered stocks, but still, in circles where Govern-
ment regulation of the railroads is believed in
thoroughly, there is apprehension over the form
matters are taking in pretty much every state
capital where legislatures are now sitting.

This feeling of apprehension, I can say with
authority, extends to the Inter-State Commerce
Commission and it has a place as well in the
White House. Doubtless the informal views held
by members of the Inter-State Commerce Com-
mission reflect the executive opinion to a consid-
erable extent, for the President and the Commis-
sion have been in conference a good deal of late
discussing the future program for Federal rail-
road legislation, and probably the activity of
state law-making bodies has come in for a good
deal of attention.

The agitation for state regulation and reduc-
tion of rates that is now in full swing portends
in the near future a conflict between Federal and
state authority over inter-state commerce, before
which one or the other must give way.

FOLK URGES FREIGHT LAWS

Missouri Governor Advises Legislature to Pass
Important BiUs.
Missouri's governor was but one of the
many to urge the state legislation. Said the
St. Louis Globe-Democrat :

Jefferson City, Mo. — Governor Folk sent a spe-
cial message to the House, urging the enactment
of legislation along maximum freight lines. He
declares it would be unfortunate if this General
Assembly should adjourn without enacting a
statute curing the faults in this freight-rate law.
He refers to the bill passed two years ago, now
tied up in the courts. The message in full fol-
lows :

"The Fifty-Third General Assembly enacted
a maximum freight law, reducing freight rates
on the railroads of the state. There can be no
doubt that freight rates in this state are entirely
too high, as compared with states similarly situ-
ated. No maximum rate law had been enacted
for many yeai-s, and it is but natural that in the

THE PANDEX

509

endeavor to fix the rates upon a reasonable basis,
some inaccuracies should have crept in. Taking
advantage of the seeming defects of this measure,
the railroads have enjoined, through the Federal
courts, the railroad commissioners and the state
officials from enforcing this law until its validity
can be determined. The case is now pending in
the United States District Court at Kansas City.
"It would be unfortunate if this General As-
sembly should adjourn without enacting a statute
curinor the faults in this freight-rate law. The
people of the state are entitled to and should re-
ceive the benefit of the reduced freight rates.

joying the reduction of freight rates given by
the law, and of which they are now deprived."

IOWA AND FREIGHT RATES

State Commission Flans to Reduce Some Alleged
Inequities.

Another state's proceedings in behalf of

better freight rates are told in the Chicago

Tribune, as follows:

Des Moines, la. — Iowa freight rates are to
have a thorough revision. This statement was

OUR FRIEND, MR. TRUST — "It seems I have reached a place in my career when, no matter
how I turn, every road leads to Indictments or Investigations."

— International Syndicate.

which they have not yet had the advantage of by
reason of this statute being made inoperative
through the courts. The .statute enacted by the
last General Assembly is defective in the penalty
clause, which applies only to railroads. The pen-
alty should be made to apply to persons, corpora-
tions, and partnerships. The cattle clause should
be corrected, in the light of the testimony ad-
duced in the freight-rate legislation, so as to lix
these rates at an amount that will stand the test
of the judicial crucible. With these corrections
I believe the people of Missouri will soon be en-

made at the close of the session of the Board of
Railroad Commissioners after their hearing in
the case of the Beatrice Creamery Company
against all the principal lines of railroads in the
state, together with the Wells-Fargo, Adams,
United States, and American Express Companies.

The hearing was expected to have an effect
upon railroad legislation, but it was not supposed
that the Railroad Commission would voluntarily
order a complete revision of all freight rates in
the state.

The Beatrice Creamery Company charged that

:-io

THE PANDEX

the Iowa railroads fixed higher freight rates than
were charged in the adjacent states and also that
the roads made a less charge for carrying com-
modities from points inside the state to points
outside than they charged for the same distance
in Iowa.

The Corn Belt Meat Producers Association also
complained that the freight rates on stock are
higher in Iowa than in Illinois or Missouri. An
array of figures was produced to substantiate
these charges. The railroad representatives asked
for more time to present their side of the case.
TeUs of Commission's Flans.

Mr. Eaton, member of the Commission, ad-
dressed the representatives of both the roads and
the shippers. He said :

"It is the opinion of the Commission that there
ought to be a careful, scientific, and complete
investigation and revision of the whole subject of
freight rates in Iowa, and, while the Commission
dislikes the burden, yet it feels in honor bound
to take up that burden." •

RAILROADS RAISE THE RATES

Freight on Iron and Steel Froducts Advanced
Ten Fer Cent.
The two-cent fare bills and other attacks
on transportation companies had hardly got
well under way when the following news
was forthcoming, as published by the Cleve-
land Plain Dealer:

An average increase of ten per cent in the
freight rates on iron and steel articles has just
been decided upon by the railroad companies that
are directly engaged in hauling this kind of
traiBc.

According to estimates based upon last freight
charges the advance about to be put in force will
mean anywhere from $25,000,000 to $30,000,000
more revenue for the railroad people annually.

Some of the increases will become effective in
March, others between April 1 and April 15 and
others between May 15 and June 1. The changes
in schedules have been figured out at a joint
meeting of the Cleveland, Pittsburg, Buffalo,
Wheeling, and Youngstown committees, which
are still in session at Pittsburg.

These committees form a sub-committee of the
Central Freight Association and were called to-
gether by executive officers after a meeting held
bv them last week in New York.

ATTACKS PULLMAN COMFANY

Illinois Legislature Proposes to Reduce Sleeping-
Car Tariffs.

Even the Pullman Palace Car Company
was not left undisturbed. Witness the fol-
lowing from the St. Louis Globe-Democrat:

Springfield, 111. — Representative Hearn, of Ad-
ams County, made a joint attack on the Legis-
lative Voters' League and the Pullman Company.
Early in the session Mr. Hearn introduced a bill

reducing sleeping-car fare to $1.50 for a twelve-
hour ride. Recently the Information Bureau of
the Legislative Voters' League issued a bulletin
in which so-called 'regulators' were discussed.
Among the 'regulators' was included the
Hearn Hill, the inference being that it was intro-
duced for a questionable purpose.

In the House Mr. Hearn arose to a question of
personal privilege and accused the Legislative
Voters' League of aiding the eoi-porations, in-
stead of helping to regulate them. He branded
the Pullman Company as an arrogant monopoly,
of which not only the people, but the railroads
themselves, were the victims. He called attention
to the enormous dividends on watered stock and
to the recent division of a surplus of $36,000,000.
The speech was significant, for it was one of the
few attacks ever made on the Pullman Company
on the fioor of either house. Hearn 's speech, read
from manuscript, was ordered spread upon the
journal.

Another Railroad Measure.

Representative Durfee introduced a bill making
it unlawful for railroad companies to hold stocks
and bonds of mining and other companies doing
business on their lines, and making it unlawful
for railroad officials to own or control such secur-
ities. Heavy penalties are prescribed. An anti-
trust bill was introduced also by Mr. Manny.

BUNCHING HITS AT RAILROADS

Indiana Lawmakers and Shippers Join in 'Regu-
lating. '
Indiana's actions were thus described in the
New York Sun :

Indianapolis. — Nearly everybody is taking a
wliack at the railroads these days, but out here
the lawmakers and the shipners have bunched
their hits. They have lined out a legislative pro-
gram warranted to 'regulate' the most obstrep-
erous carrier. Here is a list of the things that
the Hoosiers contemplate doing to the railroads:

Fix a penalty of $5 a day to be paid to the
consignee for each car of freight not moved at
least fifty miles a day.

Fine railroads $1 a day for every day's failure
to furnish cars for loading.

Give the shipper or consignee $1 "reciprocal
demurrage" for every car loaded or unloaded in
twenty-four hours less than the free time of two
days.

Empower the Railroad Commission to obtain
an "operating receiver" for any railroad that
does not obey the law.

Fix the passenger-fare rate at two cents a
mile, with no provision for an additional charge
on cash fares paid on trains.

Compel the railroads to carry commercial trav-
elers' samples at a fixed excess-baggage rate
which is about one-third of the regular freight
rates.

Pass a new grade-ero.ssing law that would en-
able towns to force the removal of all grade
crossings at the railroads' expense.

Appoint a board to examine and license rail-
road telegraphers.

THE PANDEX

511

NEW YORK GOVERNOR STRIKES

commission, and the measure is said to be so

. drastic in its provisions that agents of the corpo-

Recommends a Public Utilities BiU, Which rations affected have sent word to their employ-
Causes Consternation. ers that '-the worst has happened.

ihere will be two commissions, one with au-
New York itself, the center of corpora- thority in the state and one to have control of the

MERE SHADOWS OF THEIR FORMER SELVES.

-Indianapolis News.

tionism, yielded the following, as described public utilities in New York City. This last will
in the New York Herald: supplant the Rapid Transit Commission, and in

addition control gas, electric, telephone, and tele-
Albany. — Governor Hughes has put the finish- graph companies,
ing touches to the bill creating a public utilities The bill will provide for commissions of three

512

THE PANDEX

members each. That is the decision of the draft-
ers of the measure. They possibly may make a
change in that feature later, when the bill is
to be gone over for the last time and the copy
handed to the printer. The present expectation
is that the bill will be introduced on Wednesday
morning.

Corporations were much wrought up over the
mandatory powers that the bill will give to two
proposed commissions, and one corporation agent
said it looked to him as if the bill was going to
give all the powers of the Legislature to two
small commissions.

It is promised that the enforcement machinery
will provide a quick and summary way to make
the corporations obey the mandate of the state.
This machinery will be the same for both the
State Utilities Commission and for the commis-
sion for New York City. It will apply with equal
force to the transit companies, the gas compa-
nies, and the electric companies.

It is said this machinery is a marvel of legal
ingenuity, and yet is wonderfully simple in its
application. It will compel the public-service
corporations to do what the state ordains.

That there will be a tremendous fight against
the bill by the corporations is sure. The Assem-
bly is inclined to pass the bill just as it has been
drafted, but it is in the Senate that the big battle
will be fought. Every means known to the
trained campaigners will be brought into play
there to delay the measure.

the deal, which seems fraudulent on its face and
so much in defiance of law that the validity of
the securities apparently can be attacked with
ease.

ILLINOIS ATTACKS HARRIMAN

FRANCHISES MAY BE SOLD

New York Attorney-General Advises Such Action
Against Delinquent Corporations.
The penetration of the regulative program
to other things than traffic rates was exem-
plified in the following in the New York
Times :

Albany. — Attorney-General Jackson sent a let-
ter to Corporation Counsel Ellison, of New York
City, in which he suggests and advises that act-
ion be begun for the sale of franchises of corpo-
rations -which are in heavy arrears of franchise
taxes. Mr. Jackson says he knows no reason
why this should not be done, and he adds: "I
submit to you that the authorities should offer
for sale in the usual way the franchises and tan-
gible property connected therewith of all corpo-
rations which have made default in paying their
special franchise taxes. No better or quicker
method can be devised of bringing to a head the
pending litigation."

Most of the great transit and lighting compa-
nies and the telegraph corporations are hundreds
of thousands of dollars behind in their payment
of taxes under the Special Franchise Tax Act of
1899.

Starts Investigation Into Reorganization of Chi-
cago and Alton Road.
A by-play of the Harriman investigation
by the Interstate Commerce Commission was
the following from the Chicago Tribune :

Washington, D. C. — Official steps have been
taken by the state of Illinois to attack the valid-
ity of $32,000,000 in Alton Railroad bonds issued
by E. H. Harriman and his associates when they
'reorganized' the Chicago and Alton Railroad
Company. The Inter-State Commerce Commis-
sion has received an application from William H.
Stead, attorney general of the state of Illinois,
asking for a complete transcript of all testi-
mony taken by the Inter-State Commerce Com-
mission in its hearing at New York regarding the
Chicago and Alton Railroad. As was shown the
latter part of last week, the testimony tended to
show that bonds had been issued direct to the
syndicate and not in return for money, property,
or labor.

At least two-thirds of the total issue of $32,-
000,000 by the Harriman people seems to have
been in violation of the constitutional prohibition
of the state of Illinois. Just how far the Illinois
statutes follow out the paragraph in the consti-
tution, and just how far persons who issued the
fraudulent securities are personally or criminally
liable, is a matter for the Illinois authorities to
determine. The Inter-State Commerce Commis-
sion, however, will furnish abundant evidence of

ROAD HIT FOR $6,000,000 TAX

Southern Pacific Asked to Pay on Kentucky
Charter.

Frankfort, Ky. — State Attorney General Hays
has filed a petition in the name of the sheriff of
Franklin County against the Southern Pacific
Railway Company, seeking to have the Kentucky
Board of Valuation and Assessment fix a valua-
tion for the purposes of taxation, upon the Com-
pany. The Company is asked to pay into the
state treasury $1,000,000 in taxes each year for
holding a Kentucky charter, and an additional
million dollars penalties for failure to pay for
five years, making a total of $6,000,000. For
many years the Southern Pacific has paid taxes
upon an assessment of $1,000,000, netting the
state annually $5,000,000. The Company has not
a foot of railroad property in the state.

The case will be heard at the Anril term of
court. — Chicago Record-Herald.

PHONE TRUST STRIKES SNAG

Small Investors in Independent Company Are
Making Fight Against Merger.

Wherein, further, the anti-corporation
sentiment pinches the promoters of syndi-
cates and trusts, is illustrated in the follow-
ing from the New York World:

Rochester. — A big battle is being waged over

THE PANDEX

513

514

THE PANDEX

the United States Independent Telephone Com-
pany, a $50,000,000 corporation, which started
out with much trumpeting in October, 1905. A
coterie of wealthy investors, who have figured in
Rochester's 'four hundred,' seek to turn the big
Independent Company over to the Bell Telephone

quence is friction, which has grown so bitter as
to divide households and business firms and cause
no little scandal among the women of society,
who, tempted by the brilliant prospects of the
Independent Company promoted by Thomas W.
Finucane, invested in it.

BEWARE OF THE MAN WHO SAYS PLEDGES ARE MADE TO BE BROKEN.

— Pittsburg Gazette- Times.

Company without giving other independent tele- A large number of the Independent investors

phone interests a chance to even bid on the prop- have formed a protective committee, provided

erty. They acted without consultation with the with funds, to fight the merger and probe the

smaller bond and stockholders and the conse- management of Tinucane's company.

THE PANDEX

"^IVER

T«r

f ;■

FOR THE TAXING OF CORPORATIONS

Sweeping Nature of Measures Before the Penn-
sylvania Legislature.

Another phase of the redistribution of tax-
ation is illustrated in the following from the
Pittsburg Gazette-Times :

Harrisburg. — Bills imposing heavy taxes on
corporations are being prepared and will go into
the House next week. They are aimed at the
United States Steel Corporation, Standard Oil
Company, and express companies. The measures
are to keep company with the tax on coal and
manufactured gas. They have the backing of the
men who are powerful in the House.

To get at the United States Steel Corporation,
the act of 1893 protecting manufacturing cor-
porations from taxation, is to be wiped out.
This will mean that every manufacturing con-
cern must pay according to the amount of the
capital actually employed. The law of 1893 was
passed to foster the manufacturing industries
of the State and encourage capital to invest in
Pennsylvania. The enactment of the legislation
might cause some of the great plants in the Pitts-
burg district to seek new locations.

The tax is to be graded as follows: Less than
$10,000 capital employed, one mill on the dol-
lar; from that to $100,000, two mills; not ex-

515

ceeding $500,000, three mills; not more than
$1,000,000, four mills; more than $1,000,000, five
mills.

Mr. Creasy introduced another bill taxing
manufacturing gas companies. Like the one pre-
sented by Mr. Hall of Luzerne it fixes a rate of
five mills on the capital stock and eight mills on
the gross receipts. This tax is now paid by the
electric lighting corporations, and of all the tax
measures proposed, there is more reason for its
presentation than the others. In an authorized
interview the other day Speaker McClain ad-
vocated measures of the kind which are in or will
be introduced next week. — -Philadelphia North
American.

MINNEAPOLIS CUTS CAR FARE

Mayor Signs Ordinance Calling for Six Rides foi
25 Cents.

Minneapolis. — Minneapolis has won the first
round of the fight with the street railway com-
pany, for Mayor Haynes has signed the ordi-
nance providing for the sale of six rides for 25
cents. The first step in what may be a long and
tedious litigation has been taken. It is now up
to the street railway company to accept the terms
of the ordinance as it stands or to take the mat-
ter into the courts. — Chicago Record-Herald.

MISS MICHIGAN — "Let's put him where we can watch him, anyhow."

— Detroit Journal.

516

THE PANDEX

HARRIMAN— "Hold on there, Theodore, let's talk this thing over!"

— Cleveland Plain Dealer.

IN THE SPIRIT OF CONCILIATION

RAILROAD AND FINANCIAL INTERESTS DISCOVER THAT THE PRESI-
DENT IS NOT THEIR ENEMY, AND BEGIN A COURSE OF COM-
PROMISE AND CO-OPERATION WITH HIS POLICIES-
PUBLIC TO BE TAKEN INTO CONFIDENCE

PARTIALLY driven to it, doubtless, by
the failure of their organization to
check the anti-corporation legislation in the
various states, and partially moved, doubt-
less, by the wave of public sentiment which
has recently worked so far away from
selfishness toward the higher motives which
lie in community interest, the financial lead-
ers of the country have lately veered their
own conduct out of its former course and
have opened an era of conciliation.

RYAN TALKS WITH ROOSEVELT

Financier Visits at the White House for More
Than an Hour.
For instance, early in February, Thos. F.
Kyan, the man who deprived the Govern-
ment of Paul Morton and Chairman Shonts.

visited the President on a mission of which
the Chicago Tribune dispatches had the fol-
lowing to say:

Washington, D. C. — Thomas F. Ryan, the New
York capitalist, set industrial and financial circles
agog by a call he made on President Roosevelt.
Ryan was at the White House more than an hour.

Neither he nor the President would say what
was the object of his visit, but there is reason
to believe some discussion took place as to the
effect of the continuance of the administration's
policy with respect to the investigation of rail-
roads and the regulation of corporations.

The President has been hearing for weeks
from financial interests on this subject. He has
been warned that his policy was leading to a
condition which might prove disastrous to the
country. This same kind of talk was uttered by
big railroad magnates and financiers when Presi-
dent Roosevelt began his campaign a couple of
yeai-s ago for better regulation of railroad rates

THE PANDEX

517

and the prevention of rebates and discriminations.
Whatever Ryan may have said, it may be
stated positively it will have no effect on the
President's determination to compel railroads
and corporations to obey the laws.

QUEER IDEA OF PRESIDENT

Captains of Industry Who Do Not Understand
Mr. Roosevelt's Policy Fancy He Has Veered.

The spirit which Mr. Ryan and others of
his class encountered in the White House
was thus described in the Kansas City Star :

"Washington, D. C. — Every time a man belong-
ing to the financial circles comes here to see the
President there is a report directly afterward
of Mr. Roosevelt having backed down or changed
his attitude toward corporations. This report
does not necessarily get into print, but circulates
to a greater or less extent among the financier's
friends. There is more or less excitement for
a while, usually about a week, and then things
revert to their original status.

This situation has been presented of late with
rather more than the usual commotion, because
rather more than the usual number of financial
persons have seen the President within a short
period. None of them, however, has received the
slightest indication that the President has
changed his attitude, and so far from having
changed it, he is at the present time beginning
the preliminary studies on some recommendations
he will submit to Congress at its long session for
additional legislation.

What They Really Find.

The visiting financier has only himself to blame
for his disillusion. He usually comes here with
an insufficient knowledge of what the Presi-
dent's views are, and with a gloomy mental pic-
ture of an imaginary Roosevelt. Sometimes they
come here apparently under the idea that they
must deal with a man who is a cross between
Emma Goldman and a dangerous lunatic.

When the President tells them his real views
they are usually surprised, and some such con-
versation as this ensues:

"Mr. President, why don't you put out a
public statement of these views, just as you have
outlined them to me in this conversation?"

"But I have put out such a statement."

"When? Where?"

"In my messages."

"Oh!"

A conversation considerably like this has taken
place with tiresome regularity at such visits, and
it has characterized most of the visits paid him
recently.

The fact is that the President always has re-
garded himself as the truest friend the corpora-
tions have, in that he is undertaking to secure
urgentlv demanded but moderate and conserva-

tive reforms in obedience to a great public de-
mand which exists everywhere in this country,
except Wall Street, and that if it were not for
the public confidence that he would secure these
reforms, the Republican party would be swept
from power and some one vastly more radical
than he would be entrusted with the carrying out
of the popular behest.

As a rule the average financier who comes here
is impressed by this view of it, but usually goes
away with the idea that he has heard something
new, despite the fact that the President has been
talking that way to everybody, high and low,
big and little, for the last three years. He usually
goes back home and says that this man Roosevelt
is not as black as he is painted. Then the report
gets around that the President has modified his
views.

A New Gospel to Them.

The President has not modified them one iota,
he has not said so, nor said anything that would
give that impression to anybody who is really
familiar with his utterances, public and private.
The reason such impressions get around is not
anything that the President has said ; it is be-
cause the people who come to visit him have a
totally imaginary Roosevelt in their minds when
they come, and think they are hearing a new
gospel when he tells them the same old things.

After such a visitor has got back home he some-
times stays in a reassured frame of mind for as
much as a week. By that time conversations
with skeptical friends, publications and reports
about the President's purposes and the constant
manifestation that the President is going ahead
with his crusade, affect his opinion, and in a
fortnight at latest he is back at the old stand
with his old opinion of the President in full blast,

This is a history that has repeated itself over
and over again for two or three years, and is
repeating itself month by month, and probably
will continue to repeat itself as long as Roose-
velt remains in the White House. These avoid-
able misunderstandings contribute largely to the
impression of an unstable, unbalanced Roose-
velt, shooting off at a tangent; for whenever a
report that the President has changed his in-
tention toward capital is followed by a report
that he has not, the average man who hears both
sets it down to the President's instability instead
of to the errors of those who spread the first re-
port.

If Wall Street Would Learn.

Many of the President's friends here think
that Wall Street would save itself a lot of mental
excitement if it would disabuse its mind of tv'o
recurring ideas; first, that the President is a
lunatic, and second, that there is ever going to
be any change or modification whatever in what
these friends consider the salutary and moderate
reforms he is urging.

518

THE PANDEX

LEANING THE PRESIDENT'S WAY

Railroad Men and Financiers Believed to Be
Heeding His Warning of Radicalism.

A more intimate view of the approaching
reconciliation was afforded in the middle of
February by the following from the New
York Herald:

Washington, D. C. — Far broader significance
is attached here to the speech before the Iowa
Society in New York of Theodore P. Shonts, the
new president of the Metropolitan-Interborough
Company, than to the assurance of better transit
conditions and apprehension of radical anti-
railroad legislation by the States which it con-
veyed. It is regarded as showing the pui-pose of
great business interests of which Thomas F.
Ryan is the center to co-operate with President
Roosevelt in his policy toward corporations.

While one year ago most corporations were
alarmed at President Roosevelt's demand for
legislation strengthening control of the Federal
Government over trusts and railroads, the more
radical legislation enacted and proposed by vari-
ous State Legislatures now makes the White
House policy look mild.

President Roosevelt has publicly extended to
men of wealth an invitation to co-operate with
him. The recent visit of Mr. Ryan to the White
House showed that one of the five great figures
in the financial world has accepted the offer, or,
at least, has forsworn hostility. Messrs. Rogers,
Morgan, Hill, and Harriman seem as far as
ever, if not farther, from the President.

Mr. Shonts is the second important man Mr.
Ryan has drawn from the Government service
to engage in his varied enterprises. Paul Morton,
president of the Equitable Life Insurance So-
ciety, was the first. Mr. Morton and Mr. Shonts
believe in the President's policy, but they be-
lieve railroads and corporations which are willing
to submit to the law should be protected as weil
as the public. Publicly and privately both have
pointed out that the legitimate rights of such in-
terests can not be satisfactorily guarded if rail-
road and corporation presidents are hostile to
any legislation at all.

One passage in Mr. Shonts 's speech which at-
tracts much attention here is this:

"Let us compromise on the best available and
most practicable. Let the railroad managers lay
aside all subterfuge and come out into the open.
Let there be a maximum of publicity and a mini-
mum of legislation. Let eminent financiers and
captains of industry co-operate with the Presi-
dent to bring about better corporate practice."

SEES ONLY GOOD IN INQUIRIES

Gary Welcomes Investigation of Steel Trust and
Says the Quicker the Better.

The change of attitude on the part of the
corporation men was further reflected in the

liitter part of February by the following
from the New York Herald :

In the protest which Wall Street and the cap-
italists of the country are raising against the
"investigating" of railroads and industrial cor-
porations, it is interesting to note that E. H.
Gary, chairman of the Steel Trust, believes that
so far as industrial corporations are concerned,
and his own company in particular, nothing but
good can come from the investigations and re-
searches now in progress. "Let us have the
work done by conservative and intelligent peo-
ple, and if there are vicious conditions discovered
in the investigations the sooner we know about it
the better," is the keynote of the sentiments
which Judge Gary holds toward the present era
of investigations by the Federal Government.

PRESIDENTS APPEAL TO PUBLIC

Heads of Big Roads Ask the People to Show a
More Fair Disposition.

Discovery by the railroad men in general

that the real game of the time, the play with

public sentiment, was slipping away from

them, was reflected in the following from the

same paper:

One of the most significant results of the so-
called "corporation baiting" movement and the
wave of legislation aimed against the gi'eat rail-
way systems of the country is the desire that is
being shown by railroad presidents to inform the
public of the great problems confronting their
companies and the efforts that are being made
to overcome them.

Among the heads of corporations who have
only within the last few weeks taken the public
into their confidence are George F. Baer, presi-
dent of the Philadelphia and Reading; E. B.
Thomas, president of the Lehigh Valley; William
H. Truesdale, of the Lackawanna; W. W. Finley,
of the Southern Railway; Howard Elliott, of the
Northern Pacific; Milton H. Smith, president of
the Louisville and Nashville, and J. B. Thayer,
vice-president of the Pennsylvania.

Aside from James J. Hill, of the Great North-
ern, and A. B. Stickney, of the Great Western,
who for years have never hesitated to address
the public on the great questions of the day, the
late Samuel Spencer was probably the first to
inaugurate the recent movement to stem the tide
of public resentment against corporations which
is now evidenced by men who have not been
conspicuous heretofore in appealing to the peo-
ple at large for greater fairness in their judg-
ment of railroad management.

PLANS TO CURB HARRIMAN

Interstate Commerce Commission Has Under
Consideration a Variety of Remedies.
Much of the sudden alteration of the
financial attitude was undoubtedly due to

THE PANDEX

519

Mtu^

GIT OUT 0' THAT!

-St. Louis Republic.

520

THE PANDEX

the causes suggested in the following from
the New York World :

The inquiry into the Harriman roads by the
Interstate Commerce Commission, which resulted
in such sensational developments of high finance
during the past weeks, has caused a variety of
suggestions for remedies. Among those now un-
der consideration by the Commission are the
following :

1. Prohibition of ownership of any stocks and
bonds by one railroad company in a competing
line.

2. Consent of some Federal authority before
any new securities could be issued.

3. Action by the Attorney-General in the
, courts to dissolve control by the Union Pacific

over the Southern Pacific as a parallel and com-
peting line.

4. Similar action in the ease of the Chicago
and Alton, which is a parallel and competing
line to the Illinois Central, which is controlled
by the Union Pacific, and to the Rock Island,
which has a joint agreement with the Union Pa-
cific to control the Alton.

5. Legal action to dissolve the joint traffic
agreement between the Union Pacific, Southern
Pacific, Atchison and San Pedro lines which ar-
bitrarily fi.x rates of the West and Southwest.

For two months the commission has been tak-
ing testimony in various cities regarding the
Harriman roads. The chief object, so far as
interstate commerce is concerned, was to ascer-
tain whether the rates charged on freight busi-
ness were proper. To determine this it was neces-
sary to go into the question of capitalization and
expenditures. That was the reason for the ex-
posure of Mr. Harriman 's amazing stock trans-
actions.

What the Commission Proved.

It may be asked how these deals could affect
the public that does not invest in stocks and
bonds. Some of the facts elicited by the Com-
mission's inquiry show plainly their direct rela-
tion to the everyday life of a great part of the
people. These results may be summed up as
follows :

1. It was proved by inquiry that the Union
Pacific controls the Southern Pacific, a parallel
and competing line. Although owning directly
only 45 per cent of the stock, that amount was
as good as a majority.

2. The Union Pacific and Southern Pacific
have combined for Pacific Coast business and
divide it arbitrarily between themselves, thus
abolishing all competition.

3. These two transcontinental lines now have
common operating and traffic officials.

4. They dictate which way freight shipments
shall go, both east and west, sending it over the
route most advantageous to themselves. No real
competition exists.

•5. The substantial control by the Union Pa-
cific of the San Pedro line from Salt Lake City
to Los Angeles was proved. Senator W. A. Clark

built this line to be independent, but has en-
tered into a ninety-nine-year agreement with the
Union Pacific to maintain rates.

6. Mr. Harriman and Senator Clark drew an
imaginary line through Ogden, Utah, dividing
their respective territory. They agreed that Sen-
ator Clark should build no roads north of that
line and Mr. Harriman should not invade the
San Pedro territory to the south of it.

7. No competition exists between the Southern
Pacific, the Santa Fe and the San Pedro lines
in the shipment of California fruits. They have
an agreement whereby last year the first two
each carried 45 per cent of the traffic and the
latter 10 per cent. They maintain rates and regu-
late the fruit trains so that the shippers are help-
less.

8. Formerly there were competitive steamship
lines across the Pacific from Portland, San Fran-
cisco, and San Diego. They now have been com-
bined, and all shipments are at the mercy of
the Union Pacific officials.

9. The Southern Pacific and Santa Fe have
entered into an agreement regarding roads in
Northern California which puts that entire re-
gion into the hands of the combination.

Harriman 's Crushing Competition.

10. The recently obtained control of the Illi-
nois Central completes a huge parallelogram em-
bracing nearly one-third of the United States
which is completely inclosed by Harriman roads.
On the north it is hemmed in by the Union Pa-
cific Road, extending from Chicago to the Pacific.
Along the southern border there is the Southern
Pacific from New Orleans to the Western coast
and also running the length of California, form-
ing the western boundary. The Illinois Central
from Chicago to New Orleans is the eastern side
of this huge area. Within it, slowly but surely,
all competition is being crushed by the increasing
power of Mr. Harriman.

HARRIMAN CHANGES FRONT.

Declares He Will Hereafter Pay More Attention
to the Public Interest.
The dramatic moment in the entire situa-
tion came when Mr. Harriman himself, the
present leader of the corporation group, an-
nounced his own change of front. Said the
Philadelphia North American :

E. H. Harriman, in an interview with the cor-
respondent of the North American, told of his
ideas and plans for the railroads of the future.

The recent disclosures and hostile attitude of
the people throughout the nation have caused at
least one radical change in the railroad king's
ideas.

"I've made up my mind," he said, "to give
more attention to the interests of the public in
these affairs in the future.

"It has never been my plan," he continued,
"to concern myself much about the relations of
the public to the railroads, but I propose here-

THE PaNDEX

521

after to give the public information; to take it
into my confidence as to matters it is entitled to
know about.

"I think I shall give the newspapers more of
the information they want about the business of
the railroads with which I am concerned."

Mr. Harriman went on to say that in this great
work of rebuilding the railroads are hampei-ed
and embarrassed by the antagonism of the pub-

will result in economies in transportation under
proper Government supervision.

Mr. Harriman thought the Interstate Com-
merce Commission would be more useful to the
community if it would co-operate with the rail-
road managers, and with the public, in all these
questions. It could be most useful as a medium
to secure smooth and satisfactory relations among
railroads, he said.

HARRIMAN MAY BE GOOD.
A Washington Dispatch Says the Railroad Owner Has Decided to Abandon His

"Public Be D d" Policy. — Indianapolis News.

lie, and the suspicion with which railroads are
now regarded. He deprecated this and attributed
it to needless and unjust criticism and agitation.

Asked if he did not believe that the railroads
were responsible for the state of public feeling,
he admitted that probably they are.

Continuing on this line, Mr. Harriman is hope-
ful. He said he believed the President is com-
ing around to his view of the i-ailroad situation
to the extent of advocating such combinations as

SCHIFF ON NEW YORK PANIC

Says People and Railroads Will Be Brought To-
gether More Closely.

Confirmation of the change of sentiment in
Wall Street was given in the following from
the San Francisco Chronicle's dispatches:

Augusta, Ga. — Jacob SchifF, of New York, who
is at a hotel near Aikon, S. C, said concerning
the recent Wall Street panic: "The prompt and

522

THE PANDEX

clear action of Secretary Cortelyou saved the
day. I have strong hopes that much good will
result. ' '

In reference to the present railroad situation
he said: "The railroads and the people will be
brought nearer together. The welfare of one is
indissoluble with the other. President Roosevelt
did not bring about the muddle; he simply recog-
nized earlier than most others whither we were
drifting. By the wise course he has taken he has
rendered a great service to the people and the
corporations themselves. The Jesson will be valu-
able to the corporation managers in the future."

THOMAS F. RYAN'S VIEWS.

Street Railway and Insurance Magnate Believes
in Co-operation With Roosevelt.

Also in the following from the same paper

was the same confirmation, together with a

final revelation of the probable attitude of

Mr. Ryan after meeting the President in

Washington.

New York. — Thomas F. Ryan, when asked his
opinion about the proposed meeting of the Presi-
dent and the heads of the great railroads, said:
"I believe that if Mr. Morgan's visit to the
President is followed up, as it should be, by all
of our great business interests, it will do much
good. I also believe that the President's attitude
toward corporations is much misunderstood by
the general public. It is unfair to assume that
it is his desire to hamper the business interests of
the country. I am, however, convinced that he
purposes to enforce the laws as he finds them
upon the statute books, and I think the sooner
the business interests of the country conclude to
go to work to aid the President in solving the
different problems that confront him every day
the sooner confidence will be restored and the
business of the country move on the better."

HARRIMAN, THE MAN

As Seen Aboard Ship, in Contrast With Two
United States Senators.

My first glimpse of the real man was on a
voyage. When the ocean is the Pacific, and there
are few people aboard, you learn your fellow-
passengers pretty well; so you did on this occa-
sion, including two United States Senators. Har-
riman spent more time with the engineer than
with them.

We started from Yokohama with the idea of
beating the record to San Francisco. A smooth
sea all the way meant an even chance of success.
This disappeared for everybody except Harri-
man when the first three days were entirely un-
propitious. I think that he thought we must
succeed because he himself was aboard. When
some one offered him a bet of $2000 to $1000

that he would fail he took it. Then he started
out to win the bet with all the zest that he has
shown in obtaining control over a new railroad.
Fair weather broke the next day and continued.
We began to feel that the quiet little man was
putting demoniacal energy into the stokers and
into the very engines. By the dramatic space
of a few minutes he won. Harriman never ad-
vertised the fact that he gave the $2000 to the
engine room crew. Winning was the point in
mind.

On the whole, he was the least obtrusive of
any great millionaire with whom I have ever
come in contact. Whether he is doing a kindness
or doing business, he never uses words where
thought or action will take their place. I noticed
that when he told a steward to move a lady's
chair to a better position it was in an under-
tone of brevity. The lady did not know of his
thoughtfulness. She would if James J. Hill had
been in Harriman 's place. Pierpont Morgan's
politeness would have had the aplomb of a Jove.

The two Senators were always ready to pick
up Harriman 's handkerchief, although they are
on record as trust busters. When you cut away
their egoism and glad-handism the skeleton that
remained consisted merely of a rubber backbone
and floating ribs. On one occasion Senator N.,
looking around for an audience, engaged Harri-
man in a discussion of the rate problem. It was
the encounter of a rapier and a pillow full of
words. Besides, Harriman was not arguing; he
was telling us.

Senator W. said that he hoped to avoid the
importunate interviewers in San Francisco, be-
cause he did not want any "newspaper glory."
When he arrived he graciously distributed a long
typewritten statement, and called the reporters
'boys.' He said that he would wait over a day
instead of taking the next morning's Overland
Limited. I found afterward that he had gone
on the Pacific Express, because passes are not
honored on the Overland.

Meanwhile the king — no fat, overfed, smug,
vulgar, easy-going king, but a self-made, intense,
Argus-eyed, little, efficient king — had gone aboard
the tug waiting for him, and was being shot
across the country by the mighty organization
he controlled, and controlled so absolutely, per-
haps, because Senators are cheap. So cheap were
these two that you could not withhold your ad-
miration from Harriman as a thoroughbred fight-
ing man. The contrast made me understand the
point of view of the Japanese, who, being for-
eigners, can see us in the large. They look on
Harriman as one of the really great men of
America, a commander, who is the counterpart
of Togo, an Oyama, or a Kuroki; a type of
creative organizer, who has brought to America
the industrial power which they so desire to
emulate, and in the country where the civilian is
supposed to be of a lower breed than the official
they gave the man who had never held office at
home more honors than they had ever paid to
any visiting American since Grant. — New York
Times.

THE PANDEX

523

Conciliation Among the Nations.

IMPENDING HAGUE CONFERENCE TO DISCUSS DISARMAMENT-
JAPANESE CONTROVERSY PEACEABLY ADJUSTED-RUSSIA
AND ENGLAND AGREE OVER PERSIA-GERMAN EM-
PEROR PLACATES THE REICHSTAG-CZAR
TREATS WITH THE DUMA

INTERESTINGLY enough, the spirit of
conciliation in the financial circles with
the United States began to manifest itself
at a time when the same spirit was more or
less prevalent thruout the world, as the fol-
lowing dispatches will indicate :

BRITAIN TAKES THE LEAD

Premier Openly Advocates Disarmament Dis-
cussion at The Hague.

First in the public interest as evidence
of international conciliation is The Hague
Conference, of one of the most important
phases of which the New York Times said
the following:

London. — Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman, the
Premier, has written for The Nation, a new pub-
lication, an article in which he indicates his rea-
sons for holding as baseless those objections
brought up at home and abroad against raising
the question of the limitation of armaments at
the approaching Peace Conference at The Hague.

The Premier contends that the original Hague
meeting was convened for the very purpose of
discussing the question, and says that although,
as was to be expected in dealing with such a
delicate and complex matter, the conference failed
to reach an agreement, he never heard it sug-
gested that this discussion had left behind any
injurious consequences. He submits that it is
the business of those opposing the renewal of
the attempts to bring up this question to show
that some especial and essential change in the
circumstances has arisen to render rediscussion
inopportune or mischievous.

Sir Henry argues that if it were desirable to
attempt to limit the burden of armaments in
1898, it is still more desirable to do so to-day,
when the weight of this burden has increased
enormously. He says that the suspicion held in
1898 has grown to something like a certainty
to-day — that no limits can be set to the com-
petitive struggle for sea power save by the
process of economic exhaustion.

In his concluding remarks about the position

of Great Britain, the Premier says:

"We already have given an earnest of our sin-
cerity by considerable reductions in our naval
and military expenditures, and we are prepared
to go further if we find a disposition in other
quarters. Our delegates, therefore, will not go
to the conference empty-handed."

The Premier does not believe that Great Brit-
ain's example will count for nothing, as has been
suggested, because her naval preponderance is
unimpaired. He is persuaded that throughout
the world Great Britain's sea power is recog-
nized as non-aggressive and innocent of designs
against the independence or legitimate develop-
ment of other states. The Premier says :

"Our known adhesion to two dominant princi-
ples, the independence of nationalities and the
freedom of trade, entitles us to claim that if our
fleets are invulnerable they carry with them no
menace across the waters of the world, but a
message of the most cordial good will based on
belief in the community of interests between na-
tions."

Berlin. — It is semi-officially stated that Ger-
many had not offered any objection to the pur-
pose of Great Britain to propose that the ques-
tion of the limitation of armaments should be
placed on the program of the Peace Conference
at The Hague.

As a result of the exchanges of opinion which
have taken place among the cabinets on the sub-
ject, it is further understood that no power will
oppose the intention of the British Government
in this matter, but it can not be forecast how
the several powers will treat the matter in the
conference, and it is not yet ofHcially disclosed
in what form Great Britain will make her pro-
posal.

NEW WORK FOR THE HAGUE

Ambassador McCormick Thinks It Should
Discuss Wars of Tariff.

Suggestions looking to the broadening of
the work of The Hague are afforded in the
following from the New York Herald:

Paris. — The American Club in Paris gave a
farewell banquet for Ambassador McCormick
in the Hotel Palais d'Orsay. After expressions

524

THE PANDEX

of gratitude for the honor done him, Ambassador
McCormick said :

"The Emperor of Russia has not received the
credit which is his due for taking the initiative
in the establishment of The Hague Conference,
as he has not received his due for his honest
purpose and endeavor to bring about needed
reforms in his own empire, 'dealing out good to
his people as they are prepared to receive it and
to hold it fast,' as wrote Thomas Jefferson of
Alexander.

"From causes inherent in all absolute mon-
archical or bureaucratic governments nrogress
in this direction unhappily has been stayed, but
to-day the whole world has an interest in the
peaceful development of the constitutional gov-
ernment foundation which is being prepared in
that empire, especially as in the present wide-
spread condition of unrest no neighbor can call
himself safe from the sparks thrown off by the
revolutionary conflagration in that empire.

"To return to The Hague Conference, why
should it not deal with the causes of war, one of
the principal of which is international commer-
cial competition, as well as with the laws which
govern its conduct when once declared — rights,
neutrals, contraband, etc. — instead of reciprocity
treaties between two nations? Why should there
not be an international trade convention or
zollverein defining the terms and conditions under
which products of the various nations or the
whole world should be interchanged?

"How much further would this zollverein carry
us than the most favored nation clause of the
commercial treaties of to-day, especially aftei
England takes her place in the protectionist
ranks !

"Commerce is war, and, conducted withou!
regard to the principle of the greatest good to
the greatest number, may be as depleting and
ruinous as a more bloody conflict. In fact, on
more than one occasion commercial competition
has been the cause of war, especially in the case
of England.

"The weapon employed in the time of peace is
the tariff. 'Tariff war' is an accepted term in our
language. Commercial competition, and the com-
mercial wars to which it leads, and race prejudice
are ever present as possible causes of war. No
better agency for^ the crushing out of race
prejudice can be found than The Hague Confer-
ence, where representatives of all civilized peoples
may assemble, as they will this summer. ' '

STUDY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW.

Prominent Men to Awaken Public Interest in
World Politics.

The development of The Hague into an
international congress, with fixed statutes
and governing principles, is one of the re-
sults which many expect from the incidents

described in the following from the Chicago
Keeord-Herald :

Washington. — In the spring of 1905 Professor
James B. Scott, of Columbia University, New
York, formerly of the University of Illinois, and
now solicitor for the Department of State at
Washington, proposed to Professor George W.
Kirchwey, dean of the Law School of Columbia
University, that they should start a society for
the promotion of the study of international law
in the United States. They agreed on the funda-
mental importance of educating the public to a
correct understanding of those principles in in-
ternational law and practice which our country
is called upon to observe in its relations with
other nations, especially because of the influence
public sentiment exercises upon the administra-
tive and diplomatic policy of the Government.
A few weeks later the matter was brought before
the Arbitration Conference at Lake Mohonk and
was discussed with great favor. Accordingly, a
call was issued to those interested, and twenty-
one gentlemen appeared at the meeting. Oscar
S. Straus, now Secretary of Commerce and Labor,
was asked to act as chairman and Professor
Scott as secretary. The meeting decided to or-
ganize a permanent society, and appointed a com-
mittee to draft a constitution and report a plan
of organization.

On the 9th of December, 1906, Mr. Straus gave
a dinner at his residence in New York, at which
the committee and other distinguished persons
were Dresent. The form of constitution was sub-
mitted and approved, and it was decided to call
a public meeting of those interested in inter-
national law who approve of popular education
on that subject at the rooms of the Bar Associa-
tion in New York City. That meeting was held,
an organization was effected, a constitution was
adopted, rules of membership were decided upon,
and the following officers were elected :

President — Elihu Root.

Vice-presidents — Chief Justice Fuller, Justice
Brewer, Justice Day, Secretary Taft, Mr. Car-
negie, Mr. Choate, ex-Secretary John W. Foster,
Judge Gray, of Delaware, ex-Attorney-general
Griggs, ex-Secretary Olney, Secretary Straus, and
Judge Morrow, of California.

Recording secretary — James B. Scott, Depart-
ment of States, Washington.

Corresponding Secretary — Charles Henry But-
ler, United States Supreme Court, Washington.

Treasurer — Chandler B. Anderson, Department
of State, Washington.

Chairman executive committee — Oscar S.
Straus.

The purpose of the society is threefold :

1. To develop a public interest in the study of
international law and to promote the establish-
ment of international relations on the basis of
law and justice, because, as Secetary Root points
out in a recent article, the great body of the
people of the United States and other self-govern-
ing nations are gaining more and more control
over legislation, administration, and diplomacy,
and thus render it more and more imperative that

THE PANDEX

525

they should have a just conception of inter-
national rights and duties. This was never so
apparent as at the present moment during the
agitation and discussion of the Japanese school
question in California. It was also painfully ap-
parent in 1898, when popular sympathy and in-
dignation forced the United States Government

together people from all parts of the country who
are interested in the study and development of
international law, to exchange ideas, to stimulate
each other and promote the agitation and dis-
cussion of international questions.

The fii'st annual meeting will he held on the
19th and 20th of April next at Washington.

"HERE, EAT THIS OR I'LL BLOW YER 'BAD OF!"
Great Britain has made it known that unless The Hague Peace Conference agrees to some
definite naval plan for the various countries concerned it will build three more battleships of the
Dreadnaught type. — Cable dispatch.

— Chicago Inter-Oeean.

into war because of the cruelties of General
Weyler and the blowing up of the Maine.

2. To publish a journal, as the organ of the
society, by means of which pending questions of
international importance may be brought to the
personal notice of the people and the public may
be kept informed as to the progress of events and
receive correct information concerning diplomatic
controversies.

3. The third lurpose of the American society
is to hold annual meetings in order to bring

Secretary Root will preside, and some of the most
eminent lawyers and diplomats in the United
States will be present and make addresses.

JAPANESE MUDDLE ENDS.

Compromise Arranged Between Japan, California,
and the Administration.

Perhaps as strong an evidence as could

be afforded of the spirit of conciliation

526

THE PANDEX

among the nations was the settlement of the
Japanese school controversy, of which the
Chicago Tribune and Record-Herald said the
following :

Washington, D. C. — A final settlement has been
reached of the vexatious Japanese question. It
is entirely satisfactory to the President, to the
Japanese, and to the California representatives
here. Action already has been taken by Congress,
an amendment has been made to the Immigration
Bill and the Japanese representatives in Wash-
ington have notified the President that it is
entirely satisfactory to them.

It provides for the exclusion of Japanese
coolies from the mainland of the United States,
but allows them to be admitted as at present to
.the Hawaiian Islands. This is all the Californians
have ever asked. In return for the actual ex-
clusion of Orientals they will rescind their reso-
lution segregating the Japanese school children.

In settling the difficulties which have required
the consent and advice of the President, Congress,
and the municipal authorities of San Francisco,
the rarest and most delicate diplomacy has been
manifested. The wording of the amendment,
which was drafted by Secretary Root, was re-
markably clever, because it exactly meets the
peculiar situation created by the natural distrust
which existed between the California people and
the Japanese.

All Left to President.

It leaves the execution of the decree of ex-
clusion in the hands of the President exclusively.
In this way, if the California people fail to carry
out their part of the agreement, the President will
allow the Japanese to come into the United States
until Congress takes positive action.

The amendment as adopted makes it possible
for the President to wait for the school board of
San Francisco to admit the Japanese pupils to
the schools on equal terms with other children
once more before barring out adult pupils, of
whom the people of California are particularly
afraid. Mayor Schmitz and his colleagues from
San Francisco would not agree to restore the
children until they had some guarantee that Japan
would agree to a treaty of exclusion.

This amendment, which is a curious combina-
tion of executive, diplomatic, and legislative
functions, is as follows :

"That whenever the President shall be satisfied
that passports issued by any foreign Government
to its citizens to go to any country other than the
United States, or to any insular possession of the
United States, or to the Canal Zone, are being
used for the purpose of enabling the holders to
come to the continental territory of the United
States, to the detriment of labor conditions
therein, the President may refuse to permit such
citizens of the country issuing such passports to
enter the continental territory of the United
States from such other countries, or from such
insular possessions, or from the Canal Zone."

COMMON PEOPLE OF JAPAN

See No Reason for Bringing Coolie Question Into
the School Controversy.
That there is still some danger lurking,
however, in the Japanese controversy is
indicated by the following from the St.
Louis Globe-Democrat:

Tokio. — The projected amendments to the Amer-
ican immigration law involving restriction upon
Japanese labor immigration to the United States
from the Hawaiian Islands are naturally re-
ceived here with great displeasure, but the well-
informed fail, under existing circumstances, to
find grounds for complaint at this action of the
American Government.

The council of elder statesmen and cabinet
ministers showed no concern whatever over the
diplomatic situation.

Public opinion, however, is decidedly opposed
to a solution of the San Francisco school prob-
lem on the basis of their restriction to the admis-
sion of Japanese laborers into the United States.

It is generally admitted, however, that a solu-
tion on the basis mentioned will arouse strong
opposition throughout the Japanese empire.

GERMAN AFRICAN BUDGET SAFE

Opposition in the Reichstag Falls Short of Ex-
pectations.
Within Germany, too, there has been re-
cently a strife, the adjustment of which
signifies conciliation. Said the Chicago
News:

Berlin. — The introduction of bills providing
for military expenses in southwest Africa was
attended by scenes of unexpected tranquility in
the Reichstag. It was the belief that this issue,
whereupon the Reichstag was dissolved in De-
cember last, would provoke a demonstration and
bring a large attendance of spectators to the gal-
leries, but the newly organized government ma-
jority through the leaders of its component fac-
tions spoke unanimously in support of the meas-
ure. Even the central leaders made known that
while they were opposed to the amount of the
original appropriation they were ready to ap-
prove the estimates in their present form.

The only opposition came from the depleted
ranks of the Socialists, whose spokesman, George
Ledebour, renewed his contention that the colo-
nial possessions were a menace to German do-
mestic interests and repeated the embarrassing
charge that the Government was acquiring Af-
rican territory merely as a vantage ground from
which to attack neighboring countries.

The speaker did not receive the support of his
colleagues and subsided after being called to
order for using the American word 'bluff,' which
the presiding officer declared to be unparliament-
ary. The session undoubtedly furnishes corro-
borative evidence in support of the Government's

THE PANDEX

527

claim that it can control Parliament on all dis-
tinctively national questions.

CORDIAL TO HEAD OF DUMA

Czar Tells President He is Satisfied With Open-
ing Proceedings.

In Russia, where, for nearly three years.

cordial manner, declaring himself "thoroughly
satisfied" with the proceedings of the first ses-
sion of the House, and assurintr the president
that he and the ministers were inspired by the
best feelings toward Parliament, and hoped that
its work, with the assistance of the legislative
projects which the ministers had prepared, would
be fruitful and beneficial to the country.

Recalling his previous meetings with M. Golo-
vin, the Emperor spoke of the visit of the Zem-

THE FIRE BREAKS OUT AGAIN.

-Chicago Record-Herald.

there has been little but contention and
unrest, ' the note of compromise and recon-
ciliation has been faintly sounded. Said the
Associated Press dispatches:

St. Petersburg, March 6. — Parliament did not
meet to-day, pending the reception of M. Golovin,
president of the Lower House, by Emperor Nicho-
las, which took place to-day instead of to-mor-
row, as at first proposed.

His Majesty received M. Golovin in the most

stvo deputation, headed by the late Prince Eu-
gene Troubetskoy and M. Golovin, which was
received by the Emperor on June 19, 1905, and
voiced the demand of the country for a legis-
lative assembly. The Emperor also referred to
the deep loss which the country had sustained
in the death of Prince Troubetskoy, who died
suddenly at St. Petersburg on October 12, 1905.
After the audience M. Golovin was presented
to the Empress, with whom he chatted for sev-
eral minutes. The manner in which M. Golovin

:28

THE PANDEX

was received by both the Emperor and Empress
showed that he is '^ersoiia grata at court.

It is evident that the Emperor is not vexed by
the refusal of the Radical deputies to honor his
name by rising in the opening ceremonies of the
Duma.

FRENCH CRISIS PASSED

Clemenceau's Loyalty to His ColleagTie Prevents
Collapse of Ministry.
Clerical differences within the state^and
these usually constitute the gravest of all
internal difficulties — have also had their
time of adjustment. Said the New York
Evening Post concerning a situation which
for a time threatened to unseat even the
powerful Clemenceau ministry in France:

London. — Earlier in the week there seemed to
be some danger of a split in the French cabinet.
Influential pressure was put upon M. Clemenceau
by extremists representing that M. Briand was
carrying the principle of lenity to the Church to
impossible lengths. All this has been blown to
the winds, firstly, by M. Clemenceau's loyalty to
his colleague; secondly, by the remarkable speech
of M. Briand on Tuesday, which has not only
thoroughly quelled the anti-Catholic party and
secured an enormous majority in the Chamber,
but has elicited unqualified praise from the cler-
ical press.

The Gaulois writes: "The minister of public
worship has shown courage and good sense in
resisting those who would fain have let loose
civil war in this country." The Echo de Paris
announces: "We are not among his friends, but
we owe it to M. Briand to declare that he has
not spoken as a politician concerned exclusively
with his office, but as a real statesman. The min-
ister of public worship is inspired with a sense
of sincerity and loyalty which has won over the
most refractory."

TARIFF TROUBLE WITH FRANCE

Hope of Averting Maximum Rates is Abandoned
by the Administration.
Something of the controversial troubles
which Ambassador McCormick hopes to see
transferred to an international court are
reflected in the following two items, the
first from the New York Times, the second
from the Chicago Tribune :

Washington. — The Executive branch of the
Government has abandoned all hope of finding
any concessions which it can offer the French
Government to prevent the application of the
maximum tariff rates on American products not
specifically exempted therefrom by existing ar-
rangements.

Officially, it stated that the situation as to

France is, therefore, similar to that as to Ger-
many; in neither case can this Government at
present meet the demand for a reciprocity treaty
as the price of minimum tariff rates for Amer-
ican goods and products. Through their embas-
sies at Washington the governments of the two
countries named have been made aware of this
fact, and also that it remains for Congress to
decide whether it cares to divert these blows at
the American export trade by approving reci-
procity treaties with France and Germany.

In the case of France the State Department is
concentrating its efforts upon the live-cattle and
dressed-meats trade. The French Government
has declined to accept as sufficient the rigorous
precautions against the shipment of unfit cattle
and meats provided for in the Pure Food Act
and the regulations of the Department of Agri-
culture. Instead, it persists in demanding the
certificate of microscopical examination provided
for by the old law.

IN LINE FOR TRADE PEACE

Germany Ready to Sign Treaty With United
States for Minimum Tariffs.

Washington, D. C. — Just at a time when
France is talking about imposing restrictions on
American commerce, Germany, with the wise
diplomacy which has been so characteristic of
the Kaiser's government since Baron Sternburg
came to the United States, practically has con-
eluded an agreement extending the modus vivendi
between the two countries for at least another
year. This means that the United States will
continue to have the benefit of the lowest German
tariff rates on all of our products for another
year from next June.

A conference was held between Baron Stern-
burg and Secretary Root as a conclusion of the
series of similar conferences, several of which
have been participated in by the President. As
a result of this, Baron Sternburg has received
assurances that the agreement will be put in
shape for signature so that he can carry it back
to Germany himself when he sails for home
April 9.

This will be the termination of the threatening
condition of affairs between the two countries, so
far as commerce is concerned, and it is a peculiar
personal triumnh for Secretary Root and Baron
Sternburg. They have, between them, avoided a
commercial war which could not fail to be disas-
trous to both countries.

HOME RULE FOR IRELAND

Liberal Government Purposes to Establish an
Irish Council to Administer Affairs.
"Down-trodden" Ireland also benefits by
the spirit of the hour, as witness the fol-
lowing from the New York Herald :

London. — Following closely upon his announ(je-
ment of the intention of the Government to intro-

THE PANDEX

529

GENERAL CASTILLO OF CUBA DECLARES WAR ON UNCLE SAMUEL.

— Chicago Tribune.

530

THE PANDEX

duce a measure to improve the government of
Ireland, Mr. Augustine Birrell, Chief Secretary
for Ireland, gave formal notice that a bill "to
establish an Irish Council and for other purposes
connected therewith" would be introduced. Thus
the liberal government is keeping its promise to
the Nationalists to place Irish legislation to the
forefront of the present session of Parliament.

The wording of this formal notice caused no
surprise, as it had been understood for some time
past that the establishment of an Irish Council
was contemplated, but the announcement was the
first official confirmation thereof.

The bill of which Mr. Birrell has now given
notice, although all the details have not yet been
made public, will provide for a council in which
the elective element will predominate. A num-
ber of nominative members are retained in order
to placate the liberals, who are opposed to an
entirely representative body. It is understood
also that this council will have extensive admin-

istrative powers, but its rights to legislate will
be limited.

This feature has been accepted by the Irish
leaders. Nothing definite is known as to the
amount of financial control to be intrusted to the
Council, but to satisfy Irishmen this will have to
be large. There is no doubt that the powers now
centered in numerous boards controlling the ad-
ministration of Ireland will be handed over to
the Council.

Speaking in the House, Mr. Birrell said the
question of the restoration of evicted tenants to
their homes was one of primary importance and
brooked of no delay. He referred to the action
of Lord Clanricarde in refusing to reinstate the
tenants on his estates and hinted that it would
be quite justifiable to take over the administra-
tion of these estates. In conclusion, the Chief
Secretary for Ireland pledged the Government to
take effective measures to obtain the reinstate-
ment of evicted tenants.

WEAKNESS IN PERSIA

NEW SHAH DECLARED BY A FRENCH DIPLOMAT TO BE A WEAK-
LING—IS IN HANDS OF PRIESTS — PRESS AGENTS OF THE
MINISTRY PAINTED HIM IN GLOWING BUT
UNTRUTHFUL COLORS.

EARLY in March the spirit of conciliation
spread over into the complicated
region of Asia Minor, Russia and Great
Britain, reaching an agreement as to pro-
tection of mutual interests in the kingdom
of the Czar. Something of the reason for
foreign concern over affairs in the latter
country may be gathered from the follow-
ing article in the Chicago Tribune :

London. — On the marvelous peacock throne of
Persia is seated a new ruler — Mohammed Ali
Mizra, eldest son of the late shah, who has inher-
ited the grandiloquent title which means "king
of kings." In all the big English newspapers
have appeared eufogistic notices, inspired by Per-
sian officialdom, of the successor of Muzaffer ed
Din. He has been extolled as the embodiment of
all the virtues that should make him an ideal
autocrat — brainy, well educated, martial, devoted
to his people, and so on.

All the more interesting, therefore, is a true

account of the personality of this new sovereign
of a once mighty people, whose armies subdued
the wealth of Croesus, the pride of Babylon, and
the civilization of Egypt. Such an account has
been obtained by an interview with M. Eustache
de Lorey, for three years an attache of the
French legation at Teheran, who is now resident
in London. M. de Lorey, since his return to
Europe, has become a recognized authority on
all that relates to Persia. He is now engaged on
an important book dealing with the country.

He is one of the few men in England who have
met and conversed with the new shah.

Appearance Belies High Titles.

"While at Teheran with the French legation,"
said M. de Lorey, "I was once sent on a mission
to Tabriz, the capital of the province of Azer-
baidjan, of which the crown prince is always ap-
pointed governor. During my stay there of three
months I had several audiences with him.

"Nature has not bestowed on him either a
figure or a physiognomy to match the imposing
titles — the 'shadow of God on earth' is one of
them — which he has now assumed. He is a fat.

THE PANDEX

531

ANOTHER THAW CASE!

— St. Louis Republic.

532

THE PANDEX

pudgy faced, double-chinned little man, about
thirty-three years of age, with a close-cropped
mustache. He looks more like a Turk than a
Persian.

"In European attire he would pass muster for
a prosperous tradesman in whom sedentary hab-
its had produced premature obesity. No amount
of gorgeous raiment and glittering jewelry could
confer an air of dignity upon him. His features
show no indications of strong qualities of any
Drt, good or bad. Outwardly he bears no re-
semblance to his father, who was a distinguished-
looking man.

"In my conversation with him he appeared
awkward and constrained. As crown prince he
had little chance to show what is in him.

"He is fond of hunting, and frequently went
after bears in the mountains of Azerbaidjan. In
the gardens of his palace at Tabriz he could be
seen frequently practicing marksmanship on
small birds or shooting with some of his cour-
tiers at apples and pears on the palace roof.

Just a Few Wives — Only Six.

"In the matter of wives he has been extremely
consei-\'ative, judged by the standard of his an-
cestors and his faith. When I was at Tabriz he
had only about a half dozen. Perhaps the fact
that he was in a chronic state of impecuniosity
may have accounted for his harem being scantily
stocked.

"He was often in sore straits to raise money.
His favorite method was to promise titles to be
conferred when he ascended the throne.

"He has never been outside of Persia. He
speaks no European language. Of education in
the European sense he has had none.

"It was unfortunate that his lot was east so
long in Azerbaidjan and that he was so much
under the influence of its priesthood. The priests
are the bane of Persia, but those of Azerbaidjan
are fanatical, narrow-minded, bigoted, and op-
posed to everything in the nature of modern re-
forms.

Younger Brother More Capable.

" Shoa-es-Saltaneh, the second son of the late
shah, is apparently a much abler man than his
brother. He is really a clever young fellow and
well educated. There is little doubt that he
would make a most capable sovereign. But the
fact that he has a slave mother and that Moham-
med Ali Mizra's was a princess of the Kadjar
tribe constituted an obstacle to his succession.

"If the truth were known it probably would
be found that Russian influence had not a little
to do with the selection of Mohammed Ali Mizra
as the shah's successor. It is Russian policy to
accelerate national decay and disintegration in
Persia that a plausible pretext may be provided
for stepping in and taking possession of the land.

"But the defeat of Russia by Japan has
greatly impaired its prestige in Persia. Its im-
poverishment by the war has damaged it still
worse. It can no longer afford to spend money
there to promote its own aims. The Oriental is
always on the side that pays best, and as Russia

no longer pays its influence in Persia is rapidly
waning.

Heir Immured From Mischief.

"Tabriz is about three hundred miles from Te-
heran, but because of the wretched roads — mere
camel tracks — and the mountains it takes fully
two weeks to make the journey between the two
cities. And that is the reason why the crown
prince is always required to reside at Tabriz. It
makes it more difficult for him to seize the crown
before he is entitled to it.

"If the new shah possesses the characteristics
of a capable ruler he has most carefully con-
cealed them thus far. But whether he turns out
a puppet or develops unsuspected ability will
really make little difference, for unless he be one
of those rare master spirits who, with high moral
aims combines a powerful intellect, an inflexible
will, and tireless energy, he can accomplish really
little. And such a man, by his efforts at reforms,
would arouse such a swarm of unscrupulous ene-
mies that he most likely would be assassinated
before he had more than made a beginning.

"The priests, or mullahs, as they are called,
exercise vastly greater power than the throne.
The administration of justice is in their hands.
It is supposed to be based on the Koran and a
fantastic book called Shara, which is more like
a collection of proverbs than a code of laws.

"In reality it is a matter of buying and sell-
ing. The verdict generally goes to him who can
pay the highest price. To such an extent is this
system carried that in some districts the people
have established courts of arbitration of their
own.

"The head of the church in Persia is the
moujtehid of Kerbela, a town near Bagdad, in
Turkey. This man's orders meet with prompt
obedience from the faithful, where those of the
shah would command scant respect. And as he
lives in Turkish territory the shah can not get
hold of him to exercise any of those 'persuasive
arts' in which Orientals are adepts.

"Much has been heard of the reforms that
are to be accomplished by means of the Persian
Duma. The new shah has declared himself fa-
vorable to its aims, and has announced that he
would not dismiss it for two years. But I have
little faith that anything of real benefit to Persia
will come from it as long as it is in the hands of
the mullahs.

"There is scant prospect of spreading Chris-
tianity. Missionaries are tolerated only on the
understanding that they seek to make no converts
among the Musselmans. Their religious activi-
ties are restricted to Armenians and Nestorians.

"The career of the late shah afforded a strik-
ing illustration of the limitations which condi-
tions in Persia impose on despotic power. He
hated his father's grand vizier, but he dared not
depose him immediately. After some time he
ventured to ask for his insignia, which signified
that he was dismissed. The dismissal of a grand
vizier in Persia is usually accompanied by an in-
vitation to drink. . The drink contains poison.

THE PANDEX

533

AS TO JAPANESE EXCLUSION.
Perhaps, If They Come in Kimonas, the REAL Undesirables Might Also Be Kept Out.

— Redrawn by Moran from Puck.

534

THE PANDEX

This the prime minister is expected to swallow
gracefully.

Grand Vizier Defies Master.

"But the grand vizier had no desire to ex-
change the solid joys of earth for the shadowy
delights of paradise. Protected by the Russian
legation and aided by its Cossacks, he fled to
Kum, several miles from Teheran, where he pos-
sessed an estate, and there he remained for two
years, practically defying the shah.

"Owing largely to his influence the grand
vizier who succeeded him could accomplish noth-
ing and the shah had to endure the humiliation
of recalling him. He returned more powerful
than ever and bestowed snug billets on all his
friends.

"The personal favorite of the shah was Hakim
el Moulk, his physician, whom he made minister

of the court. The restored grand vizier, regard-
ing him as a rival, succeeded in getting him ex-
iled from Teheran. One day Hakim el Moulk
received the 'golden cup,' which the shah is ac-
customed to send to those whom he desires to be
rid of. Imagining that it had come from the
shah. Hakim obediently swallowed the fatal
draught.

Premier Escapes Shah Again.

"The evidence indicated pretty clearly that it
was the grand vizier who had visurped the royal
prerogative. But again he was able to make his
escape. Having in the interval well feathered
his own nest, he fled to Europe.

"The present grand vizier, Mouchir ed Dow-
leh, was for some years minister of foreign af-
fairs, a position he owed to the grand vizier who
ran away."

KAISER BALKED BY ROOSEVELT

GERMAN EMPEROR ALLEGED TO HAVE ASKED IN VAIN FOR

CONCESSIONS AT THE ALGECIRAS CONFERENCE-HELD

TO HIS PROMISE BY PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT

A STORY which is interesting, whether
true or not, is the following from the
New York Times, which discloses a hitherto
unknown phase of the intimate relationship
maintained between the German Emperor
and President Roosevelt :

Paris. — Some surprising statements in regard
to the recent Moroccan crisis and the course
taken with respect to it by President Roosevelt
and others were made in the issue of March 1
of the Revue des Deux Mondes by Andre Jar-
dieu, foreign editor of the Temps.

M. Jardifeu began by recalling that between
January 26 and February 19, 1906, the repre-
sentatives of France and Germany at Algeciras
found it more and more impossible to come to
terms. Finally, on February 20, Count Witte, at
the request of France, appealed to Emperor Wil-
liam, who had told him to write if ever he (the
Emperor) could do him a service.

Count Witte appealed to the Emperor to give
France proof of his conciliatory spirit by accept-
ing the solution proposed by her. The Emperor
positively refused, and reviewed, in the form of
a regular indictment, his grievances against
France. He advised St. Petersburg that if it

really wanted to avoid a rupture it should ad-
dress its counsels of moderation to Paris rather
than Berlin.

At the same time Mr. Roosevelt's energetic in-
sistence was equally unavailing. Between Feb-
ruary 17 and February 23, M. Jardier says,
President Roosevelt telegraphed twice to Em-
peror William reminding him of his promise in
June, 1905, to accept the solution regarded by
the United States as equitable and recommending
a certain scheme for policing Morocco.

The Emperor rejected Mr. Roosevelt's proposal
and made contradictory proposals which in no
way resembled those he had just made to Count
Witte. Thus, at the critical moment of the con-
ference, it was clear that Germany either did not
know her own mind or did not intend to reveal
it.

From this point M. Jardieu follows the course
of the conference closely. His review of Ger-
many's press and diplomatic campaign by which
she sought to win the support of the powers is
an impressive indictment of German methods. In
the course of this review he gives his version of
what passed between Emperor William and Mr.
Roosevelt.

He says the Emperor himself telegraphed to
the President to assure him that the Austrian

THE PANDEX

535

CEOWNED AGAIN.

— New York World.

536

THE PANDEX

scheme was regarded as excellent at Algeciras,
that it was approved by England, Russia, and
Japan, and that it was the duty of the United
States to urge France to accept it. In a second
telegram Emperor William denounced French
colonial ambitions and appetites. Finally he
sent a third telegram affirming explicitly that
Italy, Russia, England, and Spain had abandoned
France, and that the United States alone sup-
ported her. The Emperor said that the interests
of peace required that the United States accept
the Austrian scEeme and force French consent.

According to M. Jardieu's story. President
Roosevelt in reply to the Emperor's three tele-
grams sent three categorical refusals to accept
his views. The President not only declared the
Austrian scheme inacceptable, but affirmed that
if the Monroe Doctrine had not prevented his in-
tervention he would have actively combatted the
scheme as being the beginning of the division of
Morocco by means of spheres of influence.

Mr. Roosevelt, moreover, reminded the Em-
peror that he stuck to his own project. He added
that France had made a great concession in ac-
cepting the inspection, and that it now behooved
Germany to recognize it by renouncing her pre-
tensions to Swiss police at Casablanca, which
were in all respects unjustifiable.

The final compromise agreement reached at
Algeciras was proposed by Austria. It was a
very different proposition from the first plan sug-
gested by the Austrian delegates, and, though it
was introduced by them, it was generally under-
stood that it originated with Ambassador White,
one of the American delegates. It is the first
Austrian plan that is referred to in the Paris
dispatch.

The plan agreed to was that Spaniards should
police Tetuan and Laraiche, French should police
Mogador, Saffi, Mazagan, and Rabat, and mixed
French and Spanish police should keep order in
Casablanca and Tangier.

GRAFT IN RUSSIAN FAMINE

OFFICIALS STEAL REUEF SUPPLIES WHILE THOUSANDS OF
ANTS ARE STARVING OR DYING FROM
TERRIBLE DISEASES.

PEAS-

THE continuing gravity of conditions in
Russia and the abundant reasons they
afford for both Czar and Duma to bury
mutual animosities are to be gathered from
the following, published in the Chicago Rec-
ord-Herald :

Kazan, Russia. — That hundreds of thousands
of Russian peasants are dying of starvation and
terrible diseases due to the famine, while govern-
ment officials are becoming rich by grafting from
the funds set aside for relief work, was made
known by a correspondent of the Associated
Press, who returned from a trip lasting twenty-
five days through Kazan, Samara, and Ufa, three
representative provinces of the twenty affected
by the famine.

The correspondent found that in many places
salaried officials and prosperous residents were
receiving the rations sent by the Government,
while the peasants starved all around them. In
several instances the local prefects used the Gov-

ernment's rations as bribes to influence the elec-
tions. The governor of one province poured food
intended for the peasants on the ground because
he objected to relief being furnished by private
persons.

The correspondent investigated the situation in
all directions, traveling five hundred miles by
sleigh in districts remote from the railroads,
where the distress is most acute. The population
everywhere was found to be absolutely dependent
on outside relief.

The present state of affairs is characterized by
slow starvation and extreme misery. The relief
machinery organized by the Government, the Red
Cross, the zemstvos, and private societies, is
working with some smoothness, and few localities
are utterly neglected. But the Government's al-
lowance of thirty-six pounds of rye per person
per month is most inadequate, and this amount
is cut by eighteen or twenty pounds by the cost
of transportation and milling.

Men and even women between the ages of
eighteen and fifty-five are excluded from receiv-
ing the Government ration. In the province of

THE PANDEX

537

Ufa there is scarcely half the quantity of grain
necessary for the ordinary subsistence of the
people, and the peasants are in such a weakened
physical condition as a result of a succession of
bad harvests that supplementary assistance will
be necessary for thousands to make it possible
for them to survive until the spring and have
strength enough to plant the new crop. Non-
property holders are excluded entirely from the
Government allowance of relief and are depend-
ent upon outside charity.

The so-called 'famine bread,' an unwholesome
mixture of acorns and pigweed, which was eaten
extensively in the autumn, still appears every
month when the rations, in spite of the closest
pinching, are exhausted.

The correspondent found sporadic cases of
scurvy in all three provinces. Cases of ergotism
are localized. In Kazan Province there is a ter-
rible malady of the eyes, due to the general and
chronic mal-nutrition, but the reports of wide-
spread outbreaks of hunger typhus are untrue.

On the steppes the misery has been sharpened
by lack of fuel, and great apprehension has been
caused by the slaughter and sale of live stock.
Half of the cattle are gone, and some of the vil-
lages have to-day not more than two or three
horses or cows.

In the province of Samara alone one million
head of cattle have been sold and the farmers
have no means of restocking. The short-sighted
denial of Government rations to farmers who
possess two horses has encouraged the sale of
stock. Agriculture will be handicapped for ten
years to come.

The worst sufferers are the Bashgire, a tribe
of mixed Finnish and Tartar race, who cling to
their nomadic habits and are dependent upon
their wages as field hands. This source of reve-
nue was cut off this year, and the Bashkirs be-
gan early to slaughter and eat their horses, and
as a result entire villages became affected by
scurvy.

Aside from the distribution of government ra-
tions the famine fighting is carried on by the
free kitchens originated by Count Tolstoi in
1891 and maintained privately by the Red Cross
and the Zemstvos. These kitchens are unequally
distributed, and in many localities they are lack-
ing or are only now being organized. In Ufa
they feed a total of 210,000 persons, in Kazan
230,000, and in Samara 100,000, many of whom
are children.

The peasants complain repeatedly of the un-
fair and indiscriminate distribution of rye, say-
ing the Government was giving to those who
had plenty and withholding relief from the hun-
gry. They also resented the haphazard opening
and closing of kitchens by the Red Cross Society,
the full efiSeiency of which is destroyed by red-
tapeism.

The relief work in Kazan Province is ham-
pered by quarrels between Governor Strijevski
and the Liberals. The Governor interfered in
the distribution of non-official relief for fear of
political agitation by over-zealous agents, and
in one village he poured sovip into the street and
in others confiscated bread from the hands of
the peasants. Doctors and nurses who were
fighting typhus were arrested and some of them
placed in jail. The correspondent personally
witnessed the arrest of the superintendent of the
kitchens at Tchistopol on the charge of feeding
persons capable of working.

A trip by sleigh into the northern part of
Kazan Province took the correspondent of the
Associated Press into one of the worst sections of
the famine region. As the party approached the
hamlel of Alanshipshack, which can be taken
as typical of many others, every chimney in the
village was cold and there was no sign of life
about. The thermometer at that time registered
twenty-five degrees below zero, Fahrenheit.

Hut after hut was entered and everywhere
there was cold, dampness, and a foul atmos-
phere. The houses in this hamlet were banked in
snow as a protection against the cold, and the
windows were covered with rough hides.

Persons suffering from ergotism were found
in seventy-four out of seventy-eight houses vis-
ited. The symptoms of this malady are a burn-
ing sensation in the liver, followed by chills,
spasms, and a permanent contraction of the
limbs, and finally blindness and idiocy.

The breasts of nursing mothers had dried up
by this disease, and it has cost the lives of
many unborn children. A total of one-tenth of
the population has been permanently disabled by
ergotism. The family of a man named Kakh-
raatuli may be taken as a fair sample of many
others. The mother's hands, neck, and face
were horribly contorted, and the pupils of her
eyes were permanently expanded. One son was
dead, another had become an idiot, and the two
daughters were voiceless. The father, who alone
was not affected, begged the doctor for medicine
to stop the idiot boy from eating.

538

THE PANDEX

— Adapted from St. Louis Globe-Democrat.

TITLED ABBESS OF A GERMAN CONVENT IMPRISONED IN SOLITARY
DUNGEON ON FALSE CHARGE OF MURDER. DUE TO PER-
JURED TESTIMONY OF JEALOUS SISTER NUNS

ENTIRELY without direct relationship
to the trend of the times, either in
America or Europe, is the following tragi-
cal human story; but there is food in the
incident, nevertheless, for wonderment as
to whether dealing with crime in courts of
law might not profit by application of the
principles of conciliation. The story, as
given, is from the Pittsburg Gazette-Times:

As the whole world was laughing at the time
over the Koepenick comedy, scant attention was
paid to another drama in real life — a tragedy —
which revealed the lady superior of a German
convent, a woman of title, as the victim of one
of the most extraordinary miscarriages of justice
in criminal annals. Notice has just been di-
rected to the case afresh by the announcement
that Baroness von Heusler has brought suit for

$100,000 as compensation for the terrible suffer-
ing she endured wliile serving three years and
six months of a life sentence for a murder of
which she was entirely innocent.

When convicted on her first trial she was a
handsome, vigorous young woman. When ac-
quitted on her second trial she was a gray-
haired, wrinkled, prematurely aged woman, bro-
ken in health and spirit.

She regained her freedom, the presiding judge
said, with her character cleared of all stains, but
nothing can ever efface the record which her
martyrdom has stamped on her own person. One
of the strangest features of the case is that her
conviction in the first instance was largely due
to a conspiracy against her among the nuns in
the convent over which she presided. Despite
their vows and devotions, the devil had got
among them somehow and filled their hearts with
envy, malice, and all uncharitableness, which
found vent in false and perjured testimony.

THE PANDEX

539

Baroness von Heusler belongs to one of the
most prominent and at the same time most re-
spected houses of the south German nobility.
The family possesses a proud record, the mem-
bers having made it a rule of life to live up-
rightly and to hand on to the family name to
their successors unblemished by the follies and
iniquities perpetrated by so many aristocratic
scions. Some of the Heuslers have been brave
and doughty warriors, others have devoted their
talents to statesmanship, others ' to scientific re-
search, and others again to exploration, while
women of the family have either been goo.l wives
to their husbands or have devoted themselves to
the church. The Heuslers have been devout Ro-
man Catholics through all the centuries and it
has been customary for at least one daughter of
every successive baron to enter a convent and
devote her life to the cause of religion.

Wrapped Up in Charity.

Baroness Elizabeth von Heusler took the veil
at the age of twenty-two and thereafter her in-
come was devoted to the relief of the poor and
to all sorts and varieties of charitable under-
takings. Dressed in the habit of her order, she
could be seen in Munich carrying succor to the
needy, inspiring cheerfulness in the broken-
hearted wrecks of a great city and imparting the
consolation of religion to the outcast and the
fallen. Her gentle upbringing and her aristo-
cratic instincts did not for one moment prevent
her from plunging into the depths of misery and
despair in order to bring aid to those who stood
urgently in need of it.

As the years went by she grew in the esteem
of her ecclesiastical superiors until at an unu-
sually early age she was appointed lady supe-
rior in the convent of Maximilian in the vicinity
of Munich. Under her supervision and guidance
it became more than ever a center of charitable
works and true religious zeal. It is difficult to
conceive of a life more free from blame and
approaching more closely the Christian ideal
than that of this good woman. Nevertheless, a
terrible misfortune overtook her and plunged her
into the depths of misery and humiliation.
When the awful charge of murder was brought
against her she was practically draped to
prison from the distribution of alms.

There were two domestic servants at the con-
vent of Saint Maximilian who were employed in
order that the inmates of the institution should
be as free as posible to devote themselves to
work among the poor. One of these servants
died suddenly and a post-mortem examination
of her body showed that she died from the ef-
fects of poison taken in her afternoon coffee.
No sooner was this discovered than the other
domestic servant, Minna Wagner by name, ac-
cused Baroness von Heusler of having commit-
ted this foul murder. She told how, acting un-
der the orders of the lady superior, she had pur-
chased poison from a neighboring chemist. The
chemist's evidence supported her own story so
far, inasmuch as this girl had bought a certain
quantity of poison on a given day. She said

she had given this poison to the lady superior,
and related how, on the day of the tragedy, she
had seen the baroness creep downstairs to the
servants' quarters and pour a powder into a cup
of coffee which the dead servant had prepared
for herself. Minna Wagner was unable to explain
why she had failed to raise the alarm imme-
diately and thereby avert the death of her fel-
low servant, but she stuck obstinately to her
story.

Pictured as Jekyll and Hyde.

That a woman of Baroness von Heusler 's repu-
tation and antecedents should have been guilty of
such an act seemed at first incredible to those
who conducted the preliminary examination. But
after listening to the various stories which sev-
eral of the nuns voluntarily told about the lady
superior, it no longer appeared so outrageously
inconsistent with her character. For these nuns
depicted her as a species of feminine Jekyll and
Hyde, who appeared to the outer world as a
saint, but revealed herself within the convent
walls as a treacherous, tyrannical woman who
would scruple at nothing to attain her ends. The
result of these disclosures was that on one mem-
orable day an officer of police with six uniformed
men under his command drove up to the convent
of St. Maximilian, and, demanding admittance
in the name of the law, arrested the lady superior.
Baroness von Heusler, on a charge of murder.

The public prosecutor took up the case with
great vigor. When the trial took place, the con-
spiracy against Baroness von Heusler was car-
ried out with terrific success. The principal wit-
ness for the crown gave her evidence under oath
and her testimony could not be shaken in any
one detail by the cross-examining lawyers. The
evidence given • by the malcontented nuns from
the convent deprived her of the support of the
strong presumption of innocence in her favor
which would have had great weight with the
jury had her character not been thus assailed.
She was found guilty and sentenced to penal
servitude for life.

When the verdict was made known and sen-
tence passed. Baroness von Heusler, with one
wild shriek of despair, fell fainting in the dock
of the court of justice and was carried out in-
sensible to doff her nun's attire and to don the
coarse uniform of a convict for all time. She
did not regain consciousness until she was in the
prison, in which she had to serve her sentence,
and then she came back to life to find herself
in a small, bare cell, with stone walls and a stone
floor and a rough block bed in the corner and
nothing but straw to soften its hardness.

According to the custom in Germany, in the
case of prisoners convicted for extremely serious
crimes. Baroness von Heusler spent the first
year of her term in solitary confinement. Her
cell was twenty feet in length by twelve feet in
width and contained nothing but the plank bed,
a small wooden table and one wooden chair. The
window, heavily barred, was so high up that
the unfortunate prisoner could scarcely look
through it, even when standing on her single
chair. And then all that met her gaze was a

540

THE PANDEX

bare wall. She saw human beings twice a day
only — when she was taken out for her exercise,
lasting one hour, and when her cell was inspected,
to make sure everything was in order. Apart
from this. Baroness von Heusler spent all the
long, weary hours of day and night in awful
solitude. The merely physical sufferings of a
woman of her class, gently nurtured and brought
up in refinement, were terrible enough, yet they
were insignificant compared with the mental suf-
ferings caused by the unmerited disgrace which
had fallen upon her name.

Looking back on this period of solitary con-
finement, it seems surprising that the unfortunate
woman was not driven mad by her experience.
Days and weeks and months passed by, and still
she was suffering indescribable agonies in the ap-
palling solitude of her miserable cell. At times
she broke out into wild fits of impotent fury
and threw herself against the stone walls of her
prison, with the idea of terminating her unhap-
piness by suicide. When these temporary fren-
zies had passed by, leaving her humble and peni-
tent and ashamed of her inclination to destroy
herself, she used to fall into the uttermost depths
of despair and spend days and sometimes weeks
in a kind of mental stupor — the result of entire
lack of hope.

At the expiration of one year of solitary con-
finement, Baroness von Heusler was removed
from her lonely cell and set to work. This was
an improvement in her lot, for she was em-
ployed occasionally in the company of other
prisoners for six or seven hours in the day, and
consequently was relieved of the torture of per-
manent solitude. But in the tasks assigned to
her no regard was shown for her former position.
She was treated just like the rfst of the con-
victs. Sometimes she worked at basket making,
sometimes at making sacks of coarse material, at
other times at the humblest of menial labor.
Her Innocence Is Shown.

Meanwhile, some friends who had never lost

faith in her innoceHce, worked diligently in her
behalf. By dint of strenuous efforts they col-
lected a mass of evidence in Baroness von Heus-
ler's favor. Unfortunately, Minna Wagner, the
witness who, more than any other, had brought
about her conviction, died at a critical moment
of her investigations, thereby placing fresh ob-
stacles in the way of the Baroness von Heusler 's
supporters. But they ascertained that Wagner
always had been hysterical and mentally de-
ficient and that her evidence ought never to have
been accepted in a court of law. After consider-
ing the new evidence the court of appeal ordered
a new trial. The case was tried before a judge
and jury at Munich and resulted in the trium-
phant acquittal of Baroness von Heusler, who
thus gained her liberty after three and one-half
years of undeserved imprisonment.

Perhaps the most amazing feature of the new
trial was the complete retraction of their former
statements by the various members of the Sister-
hood of St. Maximilian whose testimony to the
discredit of Baroness von Heusler had appeared
so damning when given at the first hearing of
the case. One and all of them declared that
they had been "mistaken" in giving their for-
mer evidence, and thus, at the close of the trial,
not one of the imputations originally made
against the former abbess remained undemolished.
The judge, in discharging her, said it was incom-
prehensible how she could have been convicted
in 1903.

Baroness von Heusler is thus once more an
honored member of society. This fact has been
officially recognized by her presentation at the
Bavarian Court. At the time she was convicted
of murder, she was formally expelled from the
holy order to which she belonged, and since her
release she has not resumed the veil and she is
now living quietly not far from Munich.

The Banqueting Board.

The earth is a banqueting board
Which all of us well can afford;
Each moment life gives us of breath
We quaff of a liquor called "Death,"
And then, when we've taken too much.
We stammer, we reel and we clutch.
Sit up just as long as we're able
And fall down to sleep 'neath the table!
— New Orleans Times-Democrat.

THE PANDEX

541

MERELY A SUGGESTION.

-Pittsburg Gazette-Times.

THE.PANDEX

^^<f^

KIDNAPED ANOTHER ONE.

— Duluth News Tribune.

THE PANDEX

543

"He walked right in and turned around and walked right out again."

— Chicago Inter-Ocean.

544

THE PANDEX

OFF TO FIGHT MOSQUITOES!

(The President has turned the construction of the Panama canal over to the army.)

— Chicago Tribune.

THE PANDEX

545

THE STEAM SHOVEL PLATOONS CHARGE THE DIRT DOUBLE-QXJICK.

— St. Louis Globe-Democrat.

546 T H E P A N D E X

Monastery Beus

BY ALFRED AUSTIN

Poet Laureate of England

Sometimes when, weary, the sad soul rebels
Against the strife and discord all around.
One seems to eateh the faint and far-off sound
Of melody that softly sinks and swells.
It is the sound of Monastery bells
In solitudes by sanctuary crowned.
From meditation peaceful and profound
Calling grave Friars to prayer from silent cells.
Then yearningly one craves to have release
From the world's rivalries and worthless prize.
To find some spot where Glory's selfish sighs
And struggle's endless tribulations cease.
To join in vesper chant as svmset dies,
And pass life's evening in monastic peace.
But when resound, as day dawns dim and drear,
Moanings of anguish, sobbings of distress,
From hearthless homes of famished loneliness,
With none to rescue, nothing to revere,
Again one feels one still is wanted here,
To aid, admonish, comfort, and caress,
Smooth the hard pillow pallid sufferers press,
Stanch the fresh wound, and wipe away the tear.
So, though one longs as ever to depart.
And to gross sounds and sighs live deaf and blind,
Sorrowing one stays with sorrow, still resigned
To work, unhired, amid life's hireling mart.
To cherish in the crowd monastic mind.
And in a world profane a cloistered heart.
Swinford Old Manor, Kent, England.

— New York Independent.

THE PANDEX

547

{i — i: — -■

The Way of the World— Ever Notice It?

Mrs. Humble — "1 regret being obliged to ask
It, but could you possibly wait until next week
for the amount of your bill? It Is only five
dollars, and I've always paid you promptly
hitherto."

The Butcher — "Well, I s'pose so; but It's ter-
rible hard on us poor trs-desmen who have to
make our payments regular."

Mrs. Fake Shoddy — "How dare you send us a
bill, even if we do owe you four hundred dol-
lars! It's a perfect insult, and my husband
says he'll not put up with it."

The Butcher — "Why — er — I beg your pardon,
Ma'am, I'm sure! Must be my bookkeeper's
mistake. Ma'am! Got some fine cutlets fday,
Ma'am. Shan't I send some up?"

- -Puck.

" BETWEEN GOD AND MAMMON "

FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE CHURCH. OF

ZION CITY, OF THE AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY, AND OF THE

SALVATION ARMY BECOME CONSPICUOUS PUBLIC

THEMES— THE SUIT AGAINST MRS. EDDY

EVIDENTLY if a devout nun, as else-
where narrated in The Pandex, may be.
summoned before the bar and falsely ar-
raigned and sentenced for so heinous a
crime as murder by poison, there is ample
reason why religion and law should ap-
proach more nearly to each other, and dis-
covery be made as to the natural or the arti-
ficial limitations of each, and as to the re-
spects in which each may trust the other's
sincerity and value. The religious impulse
has begun to take so strong a hold upon
the public of late that its entire exemption
from the charge of deceit and mercenarism
should early be established.

ATTACKS ESTATE OF MRS. EDDY.

Suit Brought by Son and Family Alleging Incom-
petency and Virtual Imprisonment.
One of the reasons why things religious
should be liberated from the taint of what
is generally called "worldlj'^" is presented
in the following from the Chicago Tribune,
anent the suit against the founder of the
Church of Christ, Scientist :

Concord, N. H. — A bill in equity to secure an
accounting of the financial affairs of Mrs. Mary
Baker Glover Eddy, head of the Christian Science
Church, was filed in the Superior Court for Mer-
rimac County by Mrs. Eddy's son, George W.
Glover, Deadwood, S. D. ; his daughter, Mary
Baker Glover, and George W. Baker of Bangor,

548

THE PANDEX

Maine, nephew and "next friend" of Mrs. Eddy.

The bill is directed against the trustees of the
Christian Science Church in Boston, Calvin A.
Frye, Mrs. Eddy's secretary; Lewis C. Strang,
her assistant secretary, and Herman S. Hering,
first reader of the chmrch in Concord.

Specifically^the bill alleges:

First — That Mrs. Eddy is and for a long time
has hpon inonmrvptent to do business or to un-
derstand transactions conducted in her name in
connection with her property.

Second — That the defendants have possessed
themselves of her person and property, and have
carried on her business.

Third — That, having done this, knowing of her
infirmity, they have become trustees for her of
all property which has come into her possession,
and are bound to give account thereof and of
all their transactions in her name.

Fourth — That there is reason to fear that the
defendants wrongfully converted some of her
property to their own use.

The bill demands an accounting of all trans-
actions in connection with Mrs. Eddy's affairs;
the bill asks for restitution in case any wrong-
doing appears ; for an injunction during litigation
against interference with her property and busi-
ness, and for a receiver.

Former United States Senator William E.
Chandler, counsel for the plaintiff, explained that
Mr. Glover is actuated by no spirit of disrespect
to his mother, but believes that the proceeding is
in her real interest. Mr. Chandler says the ac-
tion is not directed agaii^t the religion of the
Christian Scientists, and declares that Mr.
Glover had long thought that his mother was
growing too feeble in body and mind to attend
to important business matters, but that for a
long time he was unable to confirm this sus-
picion, because those immediately about her
seemed unwilling to allow even her nearest rela-
tives to have an interview long enough to reveal
her actual condition.

EDDY EICHES NOT GREAT

Attorney for the Aged Woman Declares Her
Income Is Restricted to Book.
That the founder of the Christian Science
church has not given herself unduly to the
pursuit of things of Mammon is set forth in
the following from the Chicago Tribune:

Concord, N. H. — Frank S. Streeter, legal ad-
viser to Mrs. Mary Baker Eddy, gave out a
statement replying to the allegations of the
recent equity suit of Mrs. Eddy's relatives, in
which he declares that the amount of property
possessed by the head of the Christian Science
church has been overestimated grossly.

"The amount of Mrs. Eddy's property has
been grossly multiplied by rumor and unfounded
report. She is not possessed of large wealth,
as the term is used.

"Mrs. Eddy receives no income from the

church, nor from the publication society con-
nected with the church. Her sole income for
many years has been from the copyright on her
own books. The amount from this source has
been overestimated grossly.

"Mrs. Eddy's business affairs have been man-
aged by herself, with the aid of Mr. Frye, her
devoted and loyal servant, under the oversight
and personal audit of another gentleman whose
name has not been mentioned, but who stands
for all that is honorable and of good repute
in financial circles in Concord.

"Accurate accounts of all her property and
investments, as well as her annual income and
expenditures, have been carefully kept and fre-
quently audited. The last audit was in October,
1906.

"None of the defendants named except Mr.
Frye has any connection with the management
of her property or investments or has any knowl-
edge whatever in reference thereto, nor have any
of the said defendants ever received any propertj'
of Mrs. Eddy which they hold in trust or other-
wise, except, in one instance, for the benefit of
a relative."

ZION IN FEAR OF DOWIE

Another Death in the Ranks of His Opponents
Causes Great Dread.

A defense of Dowie from the charge of

venality is found by many of his adherents

in the incidents described in the following

from the San Francisco Chronicle:

Chicago.— The dying prophecy of Dowie is
hanging heavily over Zion. Since his death
twelve of his most bitter opponents have died,
some of them in great agony. To-day the death
of Mrs. Burt Denius added to the overwhelming
fear that grips the doomed city and palsies its
energies. Wilbur Glenn Voliva, Dowie 's self-
appointed successor, and leader of the revolt
against the old apostle, is seriously ill with ton-
silitis. To-day an abscess appeared in his throat
and the people of Zion fear he will succumb
to the wrath of the First Apostle.
■ It must be admitted that Dowie, cold in death
and weighted down by tons of granite in a
tomb guarded night and day, is the greatest
power extant in Zion. When Mrs. Denius died
to-day the faithful ones pointed out the peculiar
coincidence. She was a daughter-in-law of Elder
W. 0. Denius, one of the most prominent church-
men. At the hour Dowie was being buried he
was conducting the marriage ceremony of Harold
E. Morkin and Miss Elizabeth Peckham. The
faithful looked upon this act as smacking of
sacrilege and predicted disaster in the Denius
family as a punishment.

The population of the city is constantly dwin-
dling, families moving away, and a general
exodus is predicted when the spring arrives.
The fear of Dowie can not be shaken off, and
his followers are confident he will appear again.

THE PANDEX

549

LOOKING FOR THE OTHER KIND OF PITTSBURGER: DIOGENES— "WHAT LUCK,

BROTHER?"

— Chicago Record -Herald.

'TAINTED MONEY? I'LL TAKE IT."

(Jeneral Booth Says He'll Wash It Clean in
Tears of Orphans and Widows.

Of the many religious organizations
which appear to have effected harmonious
relations between religious devotion and
monetary thrift, the Salvation Army is
perhaps the most notable. Said the Chicago
Tribune concerning one recent phase of the
Army:

New York. — Hundreds of commissioned offi-
cers of the Salvation Army gathered at the head-
quarters of the organization in West Fourteenth
Street to greet their leader, General William
Booth, who arrived here from England in the
morning on the liner Minneapolis.

There were major generals, colonels, lieuten-
ants, and adjutants, both men and women, and
a trimmer or more pleasing looking lot would
be hard to find in a day's journey. Some came
from as far away as the Pacific Coast in order
to be on hand to welcome their chief to this
country. Others came from Washington, Balti-
more, Philadelphia, Boston, and some nearby
cities.

550

THE PANDEX

In spite of his nearly seventy-eight years Gen-
eral Booth looked strong, active, and fit for
the long trip he is about to make. While com-
ing up from quarantine on the steamer he was
asked if he would take money from John D.
Rockefeller for the advancement of the philan-
thropic schemes of the Army.

"I would take money from any mortal," he
replied. "No money to me is tainted. I would
take anybody's money. I would wash it in the
tears of widows and orphans. I would lay it
on the altar of benevolent effort for the good
of the great cause."

Three Principal Objects.

Concerning his trip, which will be practically
around the world, the general said :

"I have many reasons for this long journey,
but there are three principal objects. First, I
want to complete my experiment in small hold-
ings. I want to show the people how they can
be put on five acres of land and made to sup-
port themselves. Secondly, I have a colonization
scheme for South Africa. I have a large slice
of land offered me in Rhodesia. The sum of
$500,000 was put at my disposal for this scheme
by a woman, but the good lady died, and there
now is some dispute about the gift.

"But my third scheme, one that goes down
' deep in my heart, is the university of humanity,
a plan for the creation of institutions where men
and women will be instructed in the art or
science — whatever you may call it — of taking
care of vice in all its forms. More could be
done for uplifting humanity in that way than
in almost any other. Those trained there would
know how to nurse the germ of the morality of
good living back to vigor. I would like to build
two great centers for this work, one in New
York and one in London. Such a foundation
probably will require $5,000,000, but I am not
looking for it. I am just waiting for some one
to take me by the hand and say he would like
to put that much money in the scheme. ' '

It was at this point that General Booth said
he was not particular about the source of con-
tributions.

BIBLE SOCIETY A TRUST

American Organization Charged with Keeping
Up Price of Scriptures.
The following concerning the formation
of a Bible Trust, by which religion is al-
leged to have capitalized itself, was strenu-
ously contradicted by the parties accused.
The item is from the New York Herald:

Boston, Mass. — Charges that the American
Bible Society is a trust are made by Secretary
E. B. Stilson, of the Union Bible Society of
Worcester, who asserted that the American
Society keeps the price of Bibles bolstered up
higher than the proper market value. In his
report to the society, Mr. Stilson said:

"This society has in its possession abundant
proof that can be given to the public that more

than justifies us in unhesitatingly condemning
the Bible Society Trust movement — a movement
that does not take the name of a trust, but em-
bodies some of its most objectionable features.

"Because of an arrangement of this combina-
tion individuals, churches, and societies in the
United States have found they could not buy
a Bible of a Bible society in London or Canada
without the consent of a Bible society in New
York. The money sent with such orders has
been returned.

"While in two years 875 Bible societies in
the United States, owing to the pressure of
the trust movement, have consented to annihila-
tion or absorption, we have grown strong and
extended our field of operation into three states. ' '

The Union Bible Society asserts that in en-
tering the combination with the British society
the American organization — bound by its own
constitution to help rather than to crush out the
smaller. Bible societies — has violated article two
of the rules.

Mutterings have been heard concerning the
actions of the American Bible Society for sev-
eral years. The annual reports of the society
show that in the last three years from eight hun-
dred to one thousand local independent Bible
societies in various parts of the United States
have been wiped out.

The Chicago Bible Society was taken in by
the American society a few months ago. The
Virginia Bible Society, the field of which covers
almost the entii-e South, recently entered into a
new agreement with the American Bible Society
by which its Board becomes advisory for the
state of Virginia to the parent society. The
American Society appoints and controls its own
agents in Virginia. Nearly all independent
Bible societies have thus ceased to exist.

There is evidence of an agreement between
the English and Canadian societies which makes
it impossible for a church, society, or individual
in this country to purchase a Bible from a soci-
ety in England or Canada. When the attempt
has been made the orders have been returned with
instructions to apply to the American Bible
Society.

The Rev. Dr. Philip S. Moxom, one of the
directors of the Union Bible Society, said :

"We learned recently that we could not pur-
chase Greek Bibles direct from Constantinople,
but they must come to us through the American
Bible Society. The Holman Bible House, of
Philadelphia, was getting out a fine edition at
the time I was president of the Western Massa-
chusetts Society, but our supply was suddenly
checked. When we sought for a reason we were
told the company could not buck against the
American Bible Society."

FOR A RELIGIOUS TRUST

Ex-Secretary Shaw Advocates Union of Churches
and Sects.
Consolidations of religious organizations
for economic reasons was suggested in the

THE PANDEX

551

following from the Chicago Inter-Ocean :

A great religious body — an organization com-
posed of all of the churches now extant — that
will preach no particular creed but teach the
gospel purely and simply without frills or sensa-
tional effects, was advocated by Leslie M. Shaw,
Secretary of the United States Treasury, at a
banquet of six hundred laymen and ministers
of four denominations held in the Auditorium
Hotel last night and at which the Interdenomina-
tional Social Union was established.

The religious combine as conceived by Secre-
tary Shaw would be as practical from a com-
mercial point of view as it is possible to make
a religious institution, and the gospel and the
Bible would be taught at the minimum of ex-
pense. The Secretary was careful to say that
the average commercial and industrial corpora-
tion did not appeal to him and that he never
was allied with one in any capacity — not even
as counsel — but the plan he advocated he said
would do much toward bringing Christians to-
gether on a common ground and remove the bar-
riers of denominationalism.

SUBSIDIZES SALVATION ARMY

Japan the Only Government That Has Ever
Granted One to That Body.
Appreciation of the practical value of one
of the religious organizations is shown in
the following from the New York World:

Atlanta, Ga. — At the fourth annual conference
of the Salvation Army, which has been in ses-
sion in this city, Colonel R. E. Holz made some
interesting statements about the work of the
Army in Japan.

"We have a special man in Japan studying the
field," said Colonel Holz, "and his reports are
most encouraging. The Government has given
him every encouragement to go ahead with the
work and one post has already been established
near Port Arthur.

"The Japanese are struck with our practical
work — that is, our charitable and rescue work —
and it may interest you to know that the Gov-
ernment has subsidized the Salva.tion Army, and
it is the only government, by the way, that has,
although certain states in America, notably
California, have. The constitution, of course,
forbids the national government taking such a
step in religious affairs.

"The particular branch of our work that im-
pressed the Japanese Government and led it to
subsidize the Army is our rescue of young girls
from what is known in this country as the white
slave traffic, or the selling of young girls, some
of them mere children, to immoral institutions.

"It is significant of Japanese tolerance that
they should take so kindly to the Salvation Army.
Perhaps they wish to test the merits of a (to
them) new religion as they would the efficiency
of a new military or naval or educational method,
losing no opportunity of adopting the best of
modem civilization. The people in Japan are

divided in religious belief. Some adhere to Bud-
dhism, others to the teachings of Confucius. The
nation, however, seems to be in a receptive mood
religiously, as it is in its civic life.

"Our man has investigated the situation in
Manchuria and the various provinces, as well as
in Japan, and reports that conditions are favor-
able everywhere."

GHOST AIDS IN FINANCE

James Donovan Blames Spook of His Dead
Partner, La Flora Baker.

Misuse of a phase of religious or psychic
thought, which is coming to have increas-
ing public respect, is suggested in the fol-
lowing from the Chicago Tribune:

Stories of "departed spirits" in high finance
that rival any spook stories told before the
recent convention of spiritualists were related
in Probate Judge Cutting's court.

The case on hearing was the La Flora S. Baker
estate controversy. The former partner of Mr.
Baker, James Donovan, 3224 Calumet Avenue,
has been the central figure in the case for years.
His former charges against United States Sen-
ator T. C. Piatt shrunk into insignificance by
comparison when he charged that the United
States Senator had been aided in the alleged
juggling of some $300,000 wortli uf Wisconsin
timber land by the assistance of either the real
La Flora S. Baker or his spirit.

As there is evidence in the court records show-
ing that Mr. Baker died in February, 1894, and
that the New York Life Insurance Company paid
to the children of Mr. Baker $28,000 insurance
after the burial, Mr. Donovan's story is consid-
ered remarkable.

Has a "Mighty Active Ghost."
"If La Flora S. Baker is dead, he has a
mighty active ghost," said Mr. Donovan. "Since
the alleged burial, I have talked with Mr. Baker.
He isn't dead, and unless the deeds and stock
involved in this case are delivered to the heirs
and myself, I will have Mr. Baker, along with
Tom Piatt and a number of prominent citizens,
before the Criminal Court before many days."
Mr. Donovan claims recently to have found
valuable court records and deeds that were
"spirited away" from the court clerk of Oconto,
Wis., shortly after the case was opened thirteen
years ago. Most of the 70,000 acres of timber
land which he says formerly belonged to the
firm of James Donovan & Company, lie in Oconto
County. He declared that after Mr. Baker had
been declared dead he (Mr. Baker) returned to
Chicago under an assumed name, got possession
of 225 shares in the Algoma Nickel Company of
Algoma, Canada, and transferred it to the nickel
trust.

"The case accusing United States Senator Tom
Piatt, with the assistance of Mr. Baker, or his
ghost, J. Piatt Underwood, and several others, of
cutting timber ofE the land illegally, will be tried

552

THE PANDEX

in the Circuit Court here in May," said Mr.
Donovan. "The suit was brought for $300,000."

SEEKS ECONOMITES' MILLIONS

TROUBLE FOR FLYING ROLLERS

Backslider Says Benjamin Personally Absorbs
All the Money in Sight.

Benton Harbor, Mich. — If he can bring it
about, F. C. Shanabarger, a backsliding member
of Purnell's sect of Israelites, or Flying Rollers
as they are more widely known, is going to
dethrone Benjamin Purnell and his wife Mary,
who hold full sway over their followers. The
distinguishing feature, outwardly, of the believ-
ers in Purnell is their heads of hair worn in
long-flowing tresses down their backs. They are
colonized here to the number of several hundred
and call their group of buildings and grounds
a city to which they have given the name. House
of David.

If newly arrived converts are married, the hus-
band and wife must separate, and their children,
if they have any, are taken from them and put
in charge of custodians and special tutors. Men
and women are segregated and are not allowed,
to mingle except at work or in their dining halls.

Whenever new recruits arrive in Benton
Harbor they are expected, if they have any
money or property, to turn it over unreservedly
to Benjamin and Mary, for "the use of the
colony." No receipt of any kind is given to
show that the new members ever held any prop-
erty. From what has been turned over to Ben-
jamin in the past three years it is estimated by
Mr. Shanabarger that Benjamin is now worth
several millions of dollars in cash, lands and
stocks. In this immediate vicinity he is in
possession of nearly 1000 acres of the finest fruit
farm land of the county, which is worthy nearly
$1000 per acre.

He has numerous houses and lots in this city,
and, for that matter, there is hardly a state in
the Union where Benjamin does not own valu-
able property. Land agents have been sent out
from the colony to dispose of this land for cash
to be turned into the Fl3dng Rollers' treasury,
the key to which is held by Purnell.

In return for what the members give Benjamin
he promises them, verbally, that he will keep
them through the millenium, that they will not
have to work except when they feel so disposed,
that they will be clothed, fed, and be given good
accommodations. They all live from a common
fund, which is provided, Benjamin says, from
.this money that is received from the property
turned over to him.

It is to Purnell's method of administrating
finances that Shanabarger seriously objects. He
says Purnell never lets go of the money that is
given to him. Mr. Shanabarger gives the Ben-
ton Harbor colony of the Flying Rollers just
three years more of existence. He says that
Benjamin is a grafter, and will some day step
down and out with a fortune. The seeds of dis-
cord have been sown and trouble is expected.-^
New York World.

Pennsylvania Begins Suit to Recover Wealth of
the Communists.

Pittsburg. — The Commonwealth of Pennsyl-
vania has begun proceedings to get possession
of the remaining property — worth more than
$1,000,000 — of the famous communistic Harmony
Society, of Economy, Pa.

Auditor General William P. Snyder has ap-
pointed Attorney Albert P. Meyer, of Pittsburg,
escheater. It is said he will make an effort to
obtain all the property, real, personal, and mixed,
which belongs to the society, of which John S.
Duss, the bandmaster, and his wife, Mrs. Susie
Duss, are the surviving members, Mrs. Duss
being the sole trustee of the society.

The ground on which the State is working is
that there are no heirs to the property, and it
should therefore escheat to the State.

Has Served Its Purpose.

The appointment was made on the information
of George C. Bull, of Allegheny and Charles F.
Traube, of Beaver, who petitioned the attorney-
general to appoint an escheater. The petition is
based on the fact that the ijroperty has served
its purpose, that there are no heirs, and that
under the law the assets should escheat to the
State.

In 1903 Duss and several octogenarians, then
the only surviving members of the society, sold
part of the quaint old town's property, dividing,
it is said, about $4,000,000. Some of the heirs
of George Rapp, German founder of the com-
munity. Sued the owners afterward, but lost.

The story of the Harmonists, or Rappies, as
they were sometimes known, and their commun-
istic settlement near this city is one of the queer-
est chapters in American history. The society
was founded one hundred years ago.

All its wealth was held in common with Rapp
as custodian. When a member joined he gave
up all his worldly goods, to be added to the
common store, from which he drew supplies as
they were needed. The communistic idea has
never had a better example than at Harmony.

Celibacy Wrought Extinction.

While the society prospered materially, its
main objects were religious. Father Rapp
prophesied the second coming of Christ within
a few years after the beginning of the century,
and his followers believed him. In order that
their minds might be occupied only in spiritual
preparation for this great event the patriarch
advocated the adoption of rules of celibacy.

After a stormy fight this course prevailed,
and after that wives and husbands, who were
admitted to the society lived apart, and marriage
of members was unknown. This rule finally
worked the extinction of the society.

Bandmaster Duss, through his energy, .managed
to keep the society prosperous until its very end.
— Philadelphia North American.

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553

MISTAKES WILL HAPPEN UNDER CERTAIN CONDITIONS OF LIFE.

Brown (after a late night at the office) — 2747 Gerrard, please, Mish.

— London Sketch.

554

THE PANDEX

"ONLY GREAT UNBELIEVER"

Gravestone of Rich Infidel Shows Him Kicking
Bible; Wife Religious.

Ravenna, Ohio. — Out in the North Benton
cemetery is a monument just erected by Chester
Bedell to commemorate his skepticism. Bedell
is a famous infldel. He claims to be more of an
unbeliever than Bob Ingersoll ever thought of
being, and antedating Bob's intidelism many
years.

Bedell has made four trips to the Holy Land
for data to disprove the Bible. He is now eighty
years old and well preserved. The monument
he has just erected shows him in the act of

treading the Bible under foot. On it he has
inscribed that he is "the great and only infldel."

Bedell is one of the largest land owners in
the Mahoning Valley. He has 2500 acres of
the richest farm lands, worth many thousands
of dollars. He was bom poor. His father died
when he was very young, leaving a debt of $500.
This he paid to his father's creditors before
he was eighteen years old.

The infidel and his wife have been faithful
companions for fifty-five years, and the fact that
he is so bitter against the Christian religion and
she is still a member of the Presbyterian Church
seems not to interfere with the happiness of
their married life. — Chicago Inter-Ocean.

LEADER OF THE THEOSOPHISTS

DR. OLCOTT, THE ASSOCIATE OF MADAM BLAVATSKY, DIES IN

INDIA— DEATH ALLEGED TO HAVE BEEN PREDICTED—

HIS REMARKABLE CAREER.

COINCIDENT with the suit against Mrs.
Eddy and the death of the founder of
the Dowieites has been the passing away
of the founder of another great religious
sect, which has commanded much the same
breadth of intelligent support that has gone
to the followers of Mrs. Eddy, and has never
at any time called upon itself the ridicule
that has clung to the doings of Dowie.
Said the New York Sun :

The death of Colonel Henry Steele Olcott at
Adjar, Madras, India, last Sunday was not un-
expected. He was ill when he was in this city
in October last and showed signs of failing physi-
cal powers.

He suffered a severe injury by falling down the
main gangway on the steamer on his return
voyage, and on his arrival at Genoa was taken
to a hospital, where he was compelled to remain
for more than a month. By slow stages he
reached India and later his home at Adjar,
Madras, where for many years the Theosophical
Society headquarters have been established.

Friends in this country knew of his serious

relapse in Ceylon and learned with surprise that
he had continued on his journey and was once
more at headquarters. He never rallied after
his arrival there, though he dictated letters and
transacted business through others.

His last letter, written for him, to his niece.
Miss Mitchell, was received by her only a fort-
night ago, and in it was no other mention of his
condition than a reference to his troublesome
heart. His death was due to heart failure.

Colonel Olcott was in his seventy-fifth year,
having been born at Orange, N. J., on August
2, 1832. His parents were Henry Wyckoff Olcott
and Emily Steele Olcott. He was a graduate of
the College of the City of New York and was a.
newspaper writer and later a lawyer. He was
married in 1860 to Miss Mary E. Morgan and
was the father of several sons, all of whom are
residents of this city.

During the war he served in the Secret Ser-
vice and left it to begin legal practice in this
city, which continued up to the time of his de-
parture for India with Mme. Blavatsky and
others in December, 1878.

It was while Mme. Blavatsky was living on
Irving Place in New York in the summer of
1875 that the suggestion of Colonel Olcott to
form a society was accepted and the first meet-

THE PANDEX

555

ing was held in August. In the autumn of that
year the following officers were elected : Presi-
dent, Henry S. Olcott; vice-presidents, S. Pan-
cost, M. D., and George Henry Felt; correspond-
ing secretary, H. P. Blavatsky; recording secre-
tary, John Storer Cobb, LL.D.; treasurer, Henry
J. Newton; librarian, Charles Sotheran; coun-
cilors, the Rev. J. H. Wiggin, Emma Hardinge
Britten, R. B. Westbrook, D. D., LL. D.; C. E.
Simmons, M. D. ; Herbert D. Monachesi; counsel
to the society, William Q. Judge.

Colonel Olcott drafted the constitution and
by-laws and the society was launched. Mme.
Blavatsky 's book, "Isis Unveiled," was finished
and published that year by J. W. Bouton.

It attracted some attention, but the event
which made the Theosophical Society known
throughout the civilized world was the notoriety
attending the public celebration of the funeral
rites of one of its members. Baron de Palm, a
Bavarian by birth, whose body was cremated in
December, 1875.

Had Been Interested in Spiritualism.

Colonel Olcott had before the founding of the
Theosophical Society been interested in spirit-
ualism and had written his book, "People from
the Other World," before meeting Mme. Bla-
vatsky. It was while at the house of the Eddy
brothers in Vermou* that he was introduced to
Mme. Blavatsky, who had but recently arrived
in New York. Judge John H. Edmonds was one
of her earliest friends in this city and he con-
sidered her to be a medium of great power.

Colonel Olcott at the beginning of his acquaint-
ance with Mme. Blavatsky considered her a
medium, and it was not until some months later
that he revised his judgment and accepted her
declaration that her psychic powers had no rela-
tion whatever with mediumship and were due
entirely to her own soul power. She instructed
him in the Eastern teachings of Karma and in-
terested him in the Mahatmas, her teachers, to
whom she attributed her powers as a trained
psychic.

They went to India to devote their lives to
the work they had outlined in the Theosophical
Society constitution and they continued at this
work to the end of their lives. They were the
founders of the society and Colonel Olcott was
its first and only president.

One of the first events that followed the es-
tablishing of the Theosophical Society head-
quarters at Bombay, India, was a wordy war
with the Rev. Josephus Cook, who was at that
time in India on a missionary tour. It was the
beginning of the many rows that marked the
history of the society.

The Theosophist, the organ of the society,
was founded in the fall of 1879, and for several
years thereafter much of the time of both Col-
onel Olcott and Mme. Blavatsky was devoted to
its interests. In England a society had been
started and there were smaller societies in
France and Germany.

The year 1884 saw the two founders of the
society in Europe again and accompanied by sev-

eral Hindu scholars who had become members of
the society. It was during this year, while they
were in London, that such men as Gladstone,
Professors Crookes and Wallace, Lord Rayleigh,
and Professor Sidgwick became interested in the
society and visited the founders of it.

Investigated Mrs. Blavatsky.

In this year it was also that the Society for
Psychical Research, founded in 1883, appointed
a committee to go to Adjar to investigate the
charges of the Coulombs made against Mme.
Blavatsky. The late Professor Hodgson ren-
dered a report to the effect that Mme. Blavatsky
had been implicated in the production of fraud-
ulent phenomena by the assistance of Mme.
Coulomb and her husband, and stories were sent
broadcast that the so-called Mahatma or "Great
Soul," who had directed the work of the Theo-
sophical Society was a myth.

To all the attacks made upon his colleague
Colonel Olcott had a ready retort. He never
ceased during all the years that she lived to
describe her as a great teacher and a benefactor
of mankind.

Mme. Blavatsky died in 1893 in London, having
spent the last nine years of her life in Europe.
Colonel Olcott continued to live at Adjar and to
direct the operations of the society from that
place.

Colonel Olcott 's best known works are "People
from the Other World," "Theosophy, Religion,
and the Occult Sciences," "The Buddhist
Catechism," which has been translated into many
different languages, and "The Olcott Family."

Lived in India Thirty Years.

For more than thirty years he lived in India
and worked to benefit the condition of the peo-
ple there and in Ceylon. He was greatly beloved
by the Hindus, and the schools and colleges he
founded have sent out thousands of well-trained
boys and girls who to-day are mourning his
death. He was devotedly attached to India, and
his oft-repeated remark when in this country on
his last tour in September and October of last
year was that he wanted to get back there before
he died.

The stormy career of the Theosophical Society
in this country, where, after the disaffection of
William Q. Judge, the president of the American
section, and his death, its control passed for
a time into the hands of Mrs. Tingley, was a
source of great trial to Colonel Olcott. Mrs.
Tingley went on a crusade around the world,
visiting India in 1896 and representing herself
as the direct representative of Mme. Blavatsky,
and head of the Theosophical Society.

Colonel Olcott visited this country several times
after that year, reorganizing the American sec-
tion and lecturing before conventions. He was
here last year for the purpose of trying to unite
factions in the society which had grown out
of the trouble that led to the retirement of Mr.
Leadbeater from the society.

Mr. Leadbeater and Mrs. Annie Besant had
become the best known teachers and lecturers
in the society, and Mr. Leadbeater had been a

556

THE PANDEX

unifying force in this country as well as in
England up to the time when he figured in the
courts in London.

Colonel Olcott 's time in this country was
spent in Boston, Chicago, and New York. He
was distressed in body when he arrived here,
though his cheerful, buoyant nature enabled him
to overcome his sufferings, and he lectured sev-
eral times just before sailing for Italy. But it
was clearly evident to those who had known
him previously that he was failing and news of
his death was expected at any time.

After-Death Compact Made.

Colonel Olcott and Mme. Blavatsky made a
compact many years ago that a certain word
should be the sign of communication to the sur-
vivor from the departed. Regarding this compact
Colonel Olcott spoke to several persons while in
New York. He said no one had ever repeated
the word to him and therefore he did not believe
he had ever received a genuine message from her.

He was told by a caller, to whom he repeated
this statement, that Mme. Blavatsky 's word was
"Come," and that it was given him now because
he would soon join her in the other life. Colonel
Olcott would not admit nor deny that he had
received the correct word, but he spent the
greater part of the night before sailing in writ-
ing a long letter to the person who had warned
him that he was soon to die, and in this letter
he spoke of the many trials he had endured
because of the karma of the society. He ex-
pressed the belief that it would live on and
grow in usefulness, and concluded by saying that
if he died he would quickly reincarnate in some
princely family in Europe and be ready to take
part in the great events that are to occur within
the next fifty years in Europe.

He did not, however, believe he was to die
for two years to come, as, according to a
prophecy made to him in India by a traveling
fakir, he was to live until 1909 and die while
traveling. But for the great strain put upon his
shoulders in recent years he might have made
good this prophecy, for he had a strong consti-
tution and was a vigorous man up to a year
or two ago.

Worked as a Healer.

For many years he worked as a healer and
was represented to have performed many cures
through his magnetic strength. He never pre-
tended to be anything of a medium or psychic
and had no spiritual gifts to distinguish him
above his fellow men. His marked characteristics
were his firm faith in the "Masters" and his
unchanged belief in their personal guidance of
the Theosophical Society.

His death leaves the organization without a
head, but it is thought that A. P. Sinnett, the
president of the London society, will succeed
him. Mr. Sinnett is the most distinguished of all
the members of the society and did more after
Mme. Blavatsky went to India than any one else
to help her. His book, "The Occult World,"
describing phenomena performed by her, made a
great stir at the time it appeared. Another

book of his, "Esoteric Buddhism," has been a
great help to the movement.

There are less than 15,000 members in the
society now and it is broken into several fac-
tions. The head of the accredited section in this
country is Alexander Fullerton, general secre-
tary of the American branch.

Colonel Olcott has left a monument to him-
self in the great library he established at Adjar
and housed in a beautiful building. He had in-
dustriously gathered documents and books relat-
ing to the theosophical movement which will
enable some industrious chronicler to write a
correct narrative of the rise and progress of the
movement.

OLCOTT AND BLAVATSKY

Happenings in an Irving Place Flat Described
by the Colonel.

Colonel Olcott 's own story of his association
with Mme. Blavatsky is given in his book, "Old
Diary Leaves," which was published by G. P.
Putnam's Sons in 1895.

Colonel Olcott 's acquaintance with Mme. Bla-
vatsky began in 1874 when he had undertaken
to investigate the case of the Eddy brothers, two
Vermont farmers who were seeing solidified
ghosts in their home. Mme. Blavatsky, who had
just come to this country after a stay in India,
was attracted to the Vermont farm by the re-
ports, and there, as the Colonel has written, he
said, "Permittez moi, Madame," and gave her
a light for a cigarette. The acquaintance began
in smoke, but it stirred up, he has declared, a
great and permanent fire.

He stayed at the Eddy homestead twelve weeks
surrounded by phantoms and doing his level best
to help an artist make sketches of the solidified
spirits. The great trouble was that the ghosts
would not hold their shape long enough, but the
ai-tist managed to catch a few before they faded
away.

As soon as he caught sight of Mme. Blavatsky
he was attracted to her. His eye was fixed, he
records, by the scarlet Garibaldian skirt she wore
and by her hair, "silken soft and crinkled to
the roots like the fleece of a Cotswold ewe."
In his book he recounts some of the experiences
he had after the "attraction of soul to soul" had
got in its effective work.

Occupied a New York Flat.

They set up shop in a flat in New York, but
simply as chums. Colonel Olcott first began to
appreciate Mme. Blavatsky 's occult powers
when new figures began to appear among the
Eddy ghosts.

Before she arrived there had been only spirits
who were known to persons in the house. But
a^erward there appeared spooks of other nation-
alities— a Georgian servant from the Caucasus, a
Mussulman merchant from Tiflis, a Kurdish
cavalier armed with a scimitar and a hideous
negro soldier from Africa.

All that was not a marker, though, to the
things that Colonel Olcott witnessed after Mme.

THE PANDEX

557

Blavatsky had taken a flat in Irving Place and
had allowed him to nickname her "Jack." He
learned then that she could call into power the
Hindu spirit, Koot Hoomi, and about the same
time he got a hunch that "Bang John" of Kama-
loea, whilom buccaneer, who was knighted by
Charles II, was willing to lend a helping spirit
hand to his feeble efforts.

Later he learned that this King John was
merely a pseudonym of "H. P. B.'s own ele-
mentals." H. P. B. is the theosophist 's pet name
for Helina Petrovina Blavatsky.

It was a little surprising for Colonel Oleott to
find out that no disincarnate human spirit was
coming to his assistance, for King John had in-
troduced himself as the former buccaneer and
had spoken in qseer old English. But this was
all done by Mme. Blavatsky to help the Colonel
along in his occult education.

King John arranged at first to have the Colonel
instructed by a group of African masters, and
later he was transferred, because of a psycho-
physiological change in H. P. B. to the Indian
group. He got along well with both.

Some Tilings That Happened.

Here are some of the things which the Colonel
said he witnessed while he was in New York :

It was 1 a. m. on a winter night. The city
was covered with a blanket of snow. The Colonel
was sitting on one side of the table and Madame
on the other in the Irving Place flat.

"I wish I had some grapes," sighed the
Colonel.

"We will have them anyway," said his portly
companion.

"But the stores are all closed," suggested the
Cplonel.

"Turn down the gas," ordered Mme. Bla-
vatsky.

The Colonel did as he was ordered, and, when
a light was turned on again, to his amazement
there hung from the knobs at the two ends of
one of the shelves in the room two large bunches
of Hamburg grapes — just the kind he had wished
for. H. P. B. and he ate them.

One night Mme. Blavatsky 's hair grew several
inches while he watched it, and again he had a
somewhat similar experience with his beard.
Whether these were illusions or not he could not
say.

But then there was the towel incident. He had
brought home a dozen towels for immediate use,
but discovered that they were not hemmed.
Mme. Blavatsky was willing to let them go as
they were, but he objected. Just then H. P. B.
gave a kick under the table and exclaimed:

"Get out, you fool."

"What's the matter?" asked the Colonel.

"Oh, it's only a little beast of an elemental
that pulled my dress and wants something to do,"
was the reply.

"Capital, here's just the thing; make it hem
the towels," said the Colonel.

The towels were locked up in a bookcase and
in fifteen minutes, when they were taken out
again, the dozen were hemmed, but after a clumsy

fashion that would disgrace the youngest child
in an infant sewing class.

Again a pair of sugar tongs was missing at
the table in the flat one day and the Colonel
remembered that he had packed it away.

"Wait a minute," said Mme. Blavatsky as
she reached down behind her chair.

A moment later she produced a nondescript
pair that looked like a cross between sugar tongs
and a pickle fork engraved with a cryptograph,
"Mahatma M."

Now the trouble was, of course, that Mme.
Blavatsky had not followed the rules which en-
abled her to create something objective out of
diffused matter of space. She had to think of
the exact form of the object before exerting her
will. There had been some confusion between
the pickle fork and the sugar tongs in her mind
and the result was a hybrid.

V CHAS.KE.1LUS& CO Uf
HIGH GRADE CLOTHIERS

No Branch Stores, No Agents.

EVERY RECOGNIZED MERIT GOOD
CLOTHES POSSESS IS PROMULGATED IN
OURS. WE "OUT-CLASS" MOST TAILORS,
NOT BECAUSE OF PRICE, BUT FOR EX-
CLUSIVE STYLES. IN USING THE WORD
"TAILORS" WE CUT OUT "CLOTH-
BUTCHERS." WE REFER TO CLASSY
TAILORS, AND THEY ARE VERY SCARCE.

It doesn't make any difference
In what district we're in we do
business just the same. That
speaks well for our clothes.
We never offer you bargains.
There is "that something:"
about our fashions and cut
that identifies you at once
as being correctly " dressed.

King Solomon's Hall

Fillmore St., near Sutter

San Francisco

558

THE PANDEX

POMONA

Beautiful, fruitful, prosperous Pomona — the
fourth largest city In Los Angeles County — is
snugly nestled in the extremely fertile mountain
and foothill-rimmed Pomona Valley.

Thirty-two miles east of the city of Los Angeles,
Pomona is pierced by three transcontinental rail-
roads; the Santa Fe, Southern Pacific, and Salt
Lake, and will also soon be connected with Los
Angeles, by the Huntington Inter-Urban electric
road, which is being rapidly extended from the
latter city. Twenty-eight east and west bound
passenger trains pass dally through Pomona, which
is the most Important freight and passenger sta-
tion on the direct line of the Southern Pacific be-
tween Los Angeles and El Paso, having grown
from a hamlet of 350 people in 1880 to a popula-
tion of over 8,000 at the present time.

The land on which the very heart of the city
Is located once resounded with the hoof beats of
thousands of cattle, and the near-by hills re-
echoed the bleatings of countless sheep owned by
the early Spanish settlers, than whom there were
. no better judges of land fertility and water plen-
itude. The richness of this favored valley was
not destined to remain long undiscovered. For
After the railroad came, the "gringo" was quick
to perceive nature's liberal prodigality in bestow-
ing such an Ideal climate, such fertility of soil
and unsurpassed scenic beauties upon this locality.
With such abundant opportunities, it remained
only for the guiding hand of the progressive white
settler to turn environment to practical account.
Water development was commenced, hundreds of
Acres tilled, fruit trees planted, and the colony of
Pomona — Goddess of Fruits — formed.

In Southern California water Is king and for
Pomona, situated in a plenteous water belt, the
problem of irrigation so grave in many southwest-
.ern localities, was early solved. As a result of ex-
tensive water development and conservation there
Is an abundance both of domestic and irrigating
water to adequately supply the acreage of the en-
tire valley at an expense far below the cost preva-
lent in other southern California localities. This is
a notable feature, the value of which can not be
too loudly proclaimed. In few spots have all
varieties of horticultural products yielded so profit-
ably as in Pomona and environs. Usually each
section of a country has some agricultural, or
horticultural products, of which it makes a
specialty, but here although citrus fruit cultiva-
tion is the chief industry — the annual output
.amounting to over two thousand cars — the cli-
mate, rich soli and abundance of water from moun-
tain streams and wells make it possible to grow
almost every crop_raised in Southern California,
/Jeclduous fruits, grapes, walnuts, all kinds of veg-
etables, melons, barley, grain and alfalfa. The lat-
ter, which is largely grown for hay. Is a valuable
forage plant and is cut from three to seven times
a year. The sugar beet is cultivated in large quan-
tities, the huge Chino sugar factory being situated
five miles southeast of Pomona. Berry culture is a
profitable industry, large acreages being planted to
.«trawberries and blackberries. The poultry busi-
ness also oilers good opportunities for money-
making when given the same careful attention that
it is In the east. Many now prosperous home own-
ers, who began with little or nothing, could not
have made a headway, if it had not been for
itheir berry patches and chicken yards.

A surprise awaiting new arrivals In this sec-
•tion, is the small acreage of land needed to sup-
port a household. Many families not only make
a good living on several acres of Irrigated land
/!arefully tilled, but also manage each year to
accumulate something for the rainy day. In such
cases, most of the food products consumed by the
family are raised on the small farms, and there is
also a surplus for the market. One of the many
advantages a residence In Pomona offers, is the
•possibility of having fresh fruits and vegetables
it you so desire, from your own garden nearly the
year round.

There are many residents in America who have
tired of the rigors of howling blizzards, or who
have become weary of the constant endeavor In -a
nerve-racking mercantile or professional life, who
cherish a longing for a home or small farm in a
balmy clime under sunny blue skies. In Pomona,
this ideal may be realized. Thus will the locality
appeal particularly to the home seeker. Many
newcomers are happily settled In beautiful rural
homes among the orange and lemon groves or on
small fruit ranches, enjoying good incomes.

While Pomona does not boast the costly and
palatial houses and hotels of some Southern Cali-
fornia municipalities, yet it is a city of pictur-
esque homes, set in fiowering gardens and popu-
lated by a cultured, moral. Industrious people, of
the best class. Although making no particular bid
for tourist patronage there is a first-class hotel,
the Palomares, well filled with guests who find in
this matchless region the fulfillment of their de-
sires.

Pomona Is noted for her miles of excellent road-
ways and cement street Improvements, a quarter
of a million dollars having been expended in this
work during the past several years. The city is
strictly anti-saloon, being known as such through-
out the State and is sometimes called the "City of
Churches," no less than twenty-one rellp-ious or-
ganizations worshiping here. It is estimated that
there is an aggregate of 3500 church members, a
larger percentage, population considered, than any-
where else in the Union. The city's assessed val-
uation Is over $4,000,000.00 and much new building
Is constantly taking place.

The public school system is the best, and the
fact that the city Is rapidly growing. Is evidenced
by the constantly Increasing school attendance, the
total enrollment In kindergarten, primary, gram-
mar and high school now being 1600, fifty teachers
being employed. Pomona College, an Institution of
the highest rank and standards. Is located in the
pretty suburb of Claremont, five miles distant.
The Pomona Public Library, housed in a hand-
some building, the gift of Mr. Carnegie, has an
enrolled membership of 4400, 55 per cent of the
total population of the city, a percentage shown
In few places of the United States, and a good
character indicator of the Class of residents.

The general thriftlness of the community Is at-
tested by the deposits in the four local banks now
aggregating $2,200,000.00. Pomona boasts numer-
ous industrial and manufacturing enterprises of
considerable size. The California Rose Company,
the largest grower of ever-blooming roses In the
world, has an extensive nursery from which has
been shipped this season 200,000 rooted bushes to
fill orders throughout America. Sixteen orange
and lemon packing houses In Pomona and vicinity,
a large cannery and several fruit drying yards fur-
nish employment to hundreds of workers. The
construction of the electric road from Los Angeles
is giving much impetus to an active movement in
all classes of realty, and the prospects for the
formation of a new county, with Pomona as the
county seat, makes the outlook bright for future
growth; although business and acreage property
and city lots may be purchased at most reasonable
prices.

Several important sub-divisions have been plot-
ted and are being converted Into attractive home
sites. The largest of these — the Huntington
Boulevard Tract, of 300 lots, through the center
of which the electric road will pass — lies adjacent
to beautiful Ganesha Park, of wonderful natural
resources, and beneath the sightly San Jose
Heights, from the summit of which a view of sur-
rounding mountains and valley may be obtained,
than which there is none finer in all Southern
California.

The Pomona Board of Trade, an active organiza-
tion of progressive citizens, has of late been doing
much to bring the many advantages afforded by the
city to the attention of prospective home seekers,
and as a result the infiux of newcomers Is steadily
Increasing.

THE PANDEX

559

SECCOASTMINESBIM

INCORPORATED

Reference: Occidental Trust & Savings Bank,.

THIS COMPANY IS INCORPORATED UNDER THE LAWS OF THE
STATE OF CALIFORNIA, WITH A CAPITAL STOCK OF $50,000.00
DIVIDED INTO 5.000 SHARES OF THE PAR VALUE OF $10.00
EACH; $25,000.00 PAID UP, AND 2,500 SHARES IN THE TREASURY.
THIS COMPANY IS ORGANIZED TO PROMOTE MINING AND
INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES; TO BUILD MILLS, SMELTERS, AND
REDUCTION PLANTS; HANDLE REAL ESTATE; LAY OUT TOWN-
SITES; BUILD ROADS; AND TO DO EVERYTHING NECESSARY
TO SUCCESSFUL MINING

The business of this Company has accumulated so fast that It has become
necessary to increase its capital; while very reluctant to do so. the Directors have
finally consented to sell some of the Treasury Stock to a selected list of investors.

The first allotment is limited to Five Hundred Shares, at par value. Ten Dollars
each. Unless still other brilliant opportunities offer, or for some other good reason
it becomes advisable, no more of the stock "will be sold. And should there be
at any time a second allotment, it will be offered at not less than ten per cent
premium!

It is the purpose of this Company to pay dividends as earned on stock sold
during the current month; that is, the Investor during any month will receive such
dividend the first of the following month.

A large surplus has already accumulated. The Company has established a fine
business, an Invaluable good will, and sundry other advantages, the fruit of years of
well-directed work; it owns some valuable mines, has real estate holdings, townsites,
and stocks In gilt-edge companies. In all this the Investor will share.

This is an extraordinary and an exceptional opportunity. It is a chance to become
a stockholder in a well-known and phenomenally successful corporation of brokers,
and lets the investor in on the ground-floor. The Directors reserve the right to
withdraw this offer at any time without notice.

The Company will sell one share and upwards, limit-
ing the number of shares to be held by any one person,
except those who become employees of the Company

The Company is in need of office men, salesmen, mining engineers, foremen, mill-
men and miners; men who have energy, pluck, ability, and tenacity of purpose.
Those who buy a block of Treasury Stock on the easy terms offered, and who desire
employment are requested to address the Secretary of the Company, stating experience,
position preferred, etc.

Addreaa

PACIFIC COAST MINES BUREAU, INC.

214-15-16-17 Delta Building, 426 South Spring Street
LOS ANGELES, CAL.

PIvaiie mratlon The Pondex irhen wrltins to Advertisers.

560

THE PANDEX

"BY WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE."

Court Reporter (of the London Pogge) — "What's Bill Shakespeare doing at a murder
trial? Getting material for a play?"

Star Reporter (of the Seven Dial's Gazette) — "Why, no; I understand he's covering the
trial for the Evening Guffe." — Puck.

THE AMERICAN JESTER

HIS VIEWS UPON PUBLIC POLICIES. HIS GIBES AT CURRENT FOIBLES
FADS. AND ERRORS, HIS PHILOSOPHIES AND HIS NONSENSE

RAILROADS AND FINANCE.

the American millionaire, with an expansive
smile. — Southwestern Book.

Mr. Hannaford, a traffic authority, testifies
that railroad combines do us good. And brown.
—Puck.

Some men never know when to let bad luck
alone. — Life.

Some of our shining examples who "began
life penniless" take pains to see that as many of
their fellowmen as possible finish life in pre-
cisely the same condition. — Puck.

Never Gets a Moment's Rest.

Mr. Harriman's money has evidently earned
the right to be alluded to as "the toiling mil-
lions."— New Orleans Times-Democrat.

Our Version.

"To what do you owe your immense fortune.?"
inquired the Japanese tourist.

"To my dishonorable ancestors," answered

Left in Doubt.

There had been a fatal railroad accident, and
the reporter sought information.

"See here," said the official, testily, "you

THE PANDEX

561

IN COMPOUNDING, an incomplete mixture was acci-,
dentally spilled on the back of the hand, and on washine
afterward it was discovered that the hair was completely
removed. We named the new discovery MODENE. It is
absolutely harmless, but works sure results. Apply for
a few minutes and the hail disappears as if by masic. It
Cannot Fail. If the growth be litht. one application
will remove it; the heavy jrowth. such as the beard or
jrowth on moles, may require two or more applications, and
without slightest injury or unpleasant feeling when applied
or ever afterward.

Modine auptraedea electrolysis.
Ut«d by people of refinement, and recommended
by all who have tested iti meriU
Mcdene sent by mail, in safety mailing cases (securely
sealed), on receipt of $1.00 per bottle. Send money by
letter, with your full address written plainly. Postage
stamps taken.

Local and General Agents Wanted.

MODENE MANUFACTURIINGCO.

Dept. 539 Cincinnati, Ohio.

Ever}) Bottle Guaranteed

We offer $1000 for Failure or the Slighte.t Injury

TRicrcitco.

PHONErMAlN 3001

Oregon ^s
Expert College

Experts in charge of all Departments

STENOGRAPHY

TELEGRAPHY

BOOKKEEPING

Imitation Typewritten Letters a Specialty

Write for full information

503 Commonwealth Bldg. PORTLAND, ORE.

A BUSINESS firm is judged by its stationery.
That's why Ingrim & Wood are in busi-
ness of Printing.

They make it so that it gives character.

TRY THEM.

In'grim & Wood

STATIONERS & PRINTERS

3244 Mission St., San Francisco

Send for illustrated catalogue. 1808 Market St.. San Francisco, |

Cal., 837 S. Spring St., Los Angeles, Cal. i

Tribune- Reading-Cleveland

Reading Standard
Motor Cycles

Motor and A utorrto-
bite Repairing

Enameling and Japan-
ning. Aulo Tires
Vulcanized.

Full Line of Sundries

C. F. SALOMONSON, 1057 FRANKLIN ST., OAKLAND

MAPLEINE

AND
SUGAR

MAKE SYRUP

BETTER
THAN
MAPLE.

Malte your Syrup at home with Mapleine. For 35c stamps we will
mail yoti enough for two galloiu, including Cook Book and Set of
Comic Post Cards.

CRESCENT MEG. CO., Seattle, Wash.

Please mention The Pandex ^hen writlne to Advertisers.

562

THE PANDEX

fellows must think we have accidents for your
benefit."

' ' Perhaps you wouldn 't mind telling me whose
benefit you do have them for?" rejoined the
reporter.

But even touching this point the official was
reticent. — Philadelphia Ledger.

RAPID TRANSIT IN CITIES.

Unsportsmanlike.

Since the traction question has come to a boil
in Chicago business men have begun making
typically large wagers on which can get to his
office soonest by the existing facilities. Walk-
ing has been ruled out as a means on the ground
that to walk is to take an unfair advantage. — ■
Judge.

A Great Man's Wisdom.

Mr. Vreeland, our traction wizard, says that
he started out with the idea "that the traveling
public would be best accommodated by having
trolley lines running north and south bisected
by crosstown lines running east and west."
Vreeland must have a brain very like Napoleon 's.
It is sad to think of such strategic genius wasted
on transportation problems. — Puck.

AUTOMOBILES.

They Scrapped.

"They were going to elope last night, but it's
all off now. They couldn't decide upon a convey-
ance. ' '

' ' Why, both he and she own automobiles. ' '
"That was the whole trouble. She declared

WATERED STOCKS.

•oitixAas

TOH

H^AW

3TAfl3^M3T

JOQD

OJOO

•OHIX33fll

HAMJJiT BOTAviae

OjtHe »oTB>*3e

ft ',->

Hjitojo do^Mje

—Puck.

— From Spokane Spokesman-Review.

THE PANDEX

563

CLASSIFIED
ADVERTISEMENTS

FOR SALE.

FOR SALB.

BUY TIMBER LANDS — and buy them in BRIT-
ISH COLUMBIA. Here is located the largest area
of first growth timber to be found anywhere in
the world. The demand tor this class of prop-
erty Is keen and prices are advancing. Get In
touch immediately with some good buys through
the exclusive agent. J. E. GREEN, Box 349, Ber-
keley, Gal.

FOR SALE.

If Interested in agriculture or In agricultural in-
vestments, you can not afford to overlook the op-
portunities offered by the largest Irrigation sys-
tem In the world. This Is located on the main line
of the Canadian Pacific Railway, near Calgary, Al-
berta. Irrigated lands for $25.00 per acre; non-
trrigated lands for $15.00 per acre, on easy terms.
An unlimited supply of water for fifty cents per
acre per year. Title to both absolutely perfect. We
can also furnish a combination of Irrigable and non-
Irrigable lands at above prices. Write for illus-
trated literature to Department "H," FERRIER-
BROCK CO., General Pacific Coast Agents, Berkeley,
Calif.

HOMELINESS MADE BEAUTIFUL.

Adorns all It Touches! Saint or Sinner, Young or
Old, Rich or Poor — the Whole World — bows to the
Beantr generated, developed, enhanced, and per-
petuated, by use of Derma-Clarine (trade-mark).
Imparts, regains, and retains the complexion of
Youth. The rosy brilliancy and oval grace of
"Sweet and Twenty." By mall, $1. To be had only
of "Siempre Joven," 109 Court St., Newark, N. J.
Mention Pandex.

REAL ESTATE.

BURR-PADDON COMPANY. (Inc.), tf^ Lading R«d Eiuite Agenu.
Main Offices, 1694 Fillmore Street, San FranoKO. CJ. Branch at 950
Broadway, Oakland; neat S. P. Depot.

BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES.

MORE MONEY, LESS TALKING — Steadier work,
bigger field, handling our new inventions, than any
other line. Needed in every home. Agents, you
can't beat this. Selwell Co., 98 W. Jackson B., Chi-
cago, 111.

SONG WRITING.

SONG- POEMS

and music published ON
ROYALTY. We write music
'and popularize.
Popular Music Publishins Co., 863-59 Dearborn St.. Chicavo

RAG CARPETT WEAVING.

AG CARPET WEAVINa ^•k'.?:^!;

Also hand-

Wove Rugi and Silk Rag Portieres woven to order
K«ne Fluff Rugs made from your old carpets.
Send for Grculart. GEO. MATTHEW,

709 Fiflh St., Oakland, Cal.

Plea»« mentloB Th* Pandex when writinff to AdvertUera.

564

THE PANDEX

her auto the best and he insisted his was." — ■
Philadelphia Ledger.

As We Journey Through Life.

The airship man, sailing over the steeple,
Looks down on the crawling auto people.

The man in the foreign car majestic

Looks down on the folk in the car domestic.

mobile that can not run sixty miles an hour. —
Somerville Journal.

PRESIDENT AND POLITICS.

"If President Roosevelt, at the expiration of
his term, could be induced to make a tour of
the Far East, he would be worth a whole array
of missionaries." — A theological professor.

THE WAY OF THE TRANSGRESSOR.

The man in the auto chuf-chuf-chug-gy

Looks down on the man with the horse and buggy.

The man who must drive when he wants to travel
Looks down on the man who must trudge the
gravel.

The man who 'must walk has a peevish frown

on — •
There's nobody left that he may look down on!

—Life.

Considering how strict the laws are about the
speed limit, it is astonishing how many people
won't think for a moment of buying an auto-

-London Sketch.

But missionaries are not popular in that part
of the world at present. — The Sun.

Perhaps that fact was father to the thought. —
Puck.

Hughes a Joker.

"Governor Hughes is a great joker, isn't he?"

"What makes you think so?"

' ' Why, you remember his campaign promises ? ' '

"Yes."

"Well, he meant 'em." — Philadelphia Ledger.

Longworth's Little Mistake.
At the banquet of the Ohio Company given
in Marietta on October 18, the day a bronze

THE PANDEX

565

CLASSIFIED— Continued.

CALIFORNIA REAL, ESTATE.

WE OFFER the following carefully selected list
of farms, in different sections of California, for
sale. Now is the time to buy a home in this Golden
State. All the conditions for farming are favorable
here. The soil, the climate, the transportation fa-
cilities, and tiie market for farm products are un-
excelled in any state in the Union. The country Is
growing rapidly. Steam and electric railways are
being built in many parts of the state and prices
are sure to advance. Read this list carefully. Many
of these places are for sale on easy terms. This
is YOUR opportunity to get a farm in California.
Take advantage of it NOW.

If you do not see a place in this list that inter-
ests you, write us a description of wliat you desire,
the number of acres, the amount of money you
vvisli to invest, and for what purpose you wish the
place, and we will submit what we think will meet
your requirements. We have a thorough knowl-
edge of the state and will be pleased to give re-
liable information upon request.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co..
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

ALAMEDA COUNTY.

$3300 — 14 ACRES, 2^ miles from Haywards, rolling
land, good house and barn, windmill, and tank; 2
acres in orchard, mostly apricots, the rest in grain.
Plenty wood on the place. A creek runs through
the place (never dry), also a living spring. This
is an Ideal place for chickens.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street; San Francisco, California.

93650 — 11 ACRES, 2 miles from Haywards; R. F.
D. ; 3 acres hilly, 2 acres rolling; 500 fruit trees;
good 7-room house, barn, 4 chicken-houses, store-
house; living stream on place; plenty wood; 10
minutes' walk to school.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

$2800 — 143 ACRES near Livermore; rolling; 40
acres in cultivation; 4-room house, good barn, 2
chicken-houses; wire fence; 2 wells and 3 springs
on place; family orchard; 100 acres In pasture, 40
In grain; enough timber for family use; all tools,
haypress, mowing machine, et cetera, go with
place; good stock ranch.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

$2100 — 714 ACRES, 8 miles from Haywards; 250
full bearing fruit trees; 5-room house, cellar, 2-
story barn, 5 chicken-houses, incubator and
brooder; spring water piped; 1 mile to school; 150
chickens, cow, horse, harness, and spring ,wagon on
place.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

BUTTHS COUNTY.

$20,000 — 400 ACRES, northwest of Chlco; all can
be cultivated; cross-fenced; one 160 acres; 9-room
house, large barn, 5000-gal. tank and tank-house,
other outbuildings; the other 240 acres is % mile
from house and barn; fenced; $10,000 for each
place.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 FlUmore Street. San Francisco, California.

COLUSA COUNTY.

$4000 — 80 ACRES, Z'^ miles N. and W. of Colusa;
new 5-room cottage; barn and windmill; hog-tight
fencing; plenty of water; terras, $50 per acre; %
cash, balance on time.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

CONTRA COSTA COUNTY.

$1900 — 5 ACRES, dark loam soil, near Lafayette;
family orchard; 5-room house, large barn, chicken
houses; near church and school.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

$2700 — 16% ACRES, near Lafayette; level bottom
land; will grow asparagus, alfalfa, potatoes, onions,
family orchard; 100 walnut trees, live oaks, and
pine tr^es; 6-room hard-flnished house, large barn,
cow shed, incubator, brooder-house; 100 chickens,
200 pigeons. 2 horses, 1 cow, farm implements, well.

pump; creek runs through the place; near church,
store, and school.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

$10,000 — 42 ACRES, sediment soil under irriga-
tion; all in apricots, peaches, and prunes, and ber-
ries; S. H. P. pumping engine; excellent hard-
flnished 5-room house; out-bulldlngs.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

$6000 — 180 ACRES, 1 mile W. of Danville; 50
acres cultivated to hay and grain; 20 acres in or-
chard; well watered by springs; house of 4 rooms;
barn, etc.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

ELDORADO COUNTY.

$1200 — -160 ACRES, well-stocked chicken ranch,
with 0 head of cattle, 300 chickens. Incubators, and
brooders; 1 horse and buggy; orchard of 6 acres.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

$1800 — 25 ACRES, 3 miles from Placerville; ?
acres in fruit, balance In timber; 6-room house,
barn, chicken-house; fruit-houses; wire fence; well
water; Vi mile to school and post office: 5 acres
hay; 2 cows, calf, horse and wagon; all furniture;
fine place for fruit, vegetables, and chickens.
Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

FRESNO COUNTY.

$85 PER ACRE — 320 acres; 120 acres In alfalfa,
balance in barley; 4-room house, barn 64x48x24
(capacity 98 tons); hog-tight woven fence; plenty
of water; water right complete.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

$17,.500 — 120 ACRES; 6-room house, 2 chicken
houses; 100 chickens; pasture fenced and cross-
fenced; 50 acres in alfalfa; all farming tools;
blacksmith shop; 30 cows, 10 horses, harness, etc.;
cream separator (capacity 1000 lbs.) go with place;
3 shares in Riverdale Ditch, 2 shares In Laton

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

$25,000 — 80 ACRES 2 miles N. of Fresno; 11-
room house, large barn, several out-buildlngs;
water right from Church Ditch; 35 acres in fruit
and 45 In vines; all necessary tools for farming.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

$3500 — 40 ACRES 7 miles W. of Fresno; suitable
for small dairy; water right from Church Ditch;
all in alfalfa; no buildings.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

$5 PER ACRE — 160 acres level land, all in culti-
vation; no buildings; soil 40 to 50 feet deep.
Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

$125 PER ACRE — 23% acres level, white ash soil;
all In barley; Malaga P. O.; well of fine water; mtg.
$500.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

GLENN COUNTY.

$3000 — 160 ACRES of land In Glenn Co., 6 miles
W. of Elk Creek; 80 acres rolling, but cultivated;
80 acres uncultivated; black loam soil; 2 large
springs, good 10-ft. well; fine water; house of 4
rooms and kitchen; old; barn, improvements poor;
3 board and 2 wire fences.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

HUMBOLDT COUNTY.

$15 PER ACRE — 89 acres in Humboldt Co.; good
house; chicken-house, and bee-house; 10 acres
fenced to farm, 25 acres fenced for pasture, balance
oak and flr trees.

(Two 40-acre lots; one of the lots has field and
garden fenced In, the balance is in pasture.)
Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co..
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

'i66

THE PANDEX

tablet commemorating the first permanent set-
tlement in the territory northwest of the Ohio
was unveiled, Congressman "Nick" Longworth
told about his first attempt to make a stump
speech. Mark Hanna was traveling through the
State on a special and Longworth was one of

eato shrieks. Considerably flustrated, but hold-
ing himself well in hand, the orator once more
began his speech:

"Ladies and gentlemen "

It was no use. A freight train, a mile long
if it was an inch, came rumbling and creaking

DEAR OP fl
..'BATTtE BETWEeN

COUSIN sflnMY
THE jflppy Mfl^ES

>ZE ONE. 6RRNP > \ s

/joke of ze season, j /po

OOCH f\

O L ISHNES*).

r GO L LY

AW. WNfl 5R MALLEI?
YOO«. UNCLE SflMMr

— Spokane Spokesman-Review.

the lesser lights of the party. Very early one
morning the special arrived at Newark, Ohio,
where a crowd was already assembled, and to
appease their demands for a speech Longworth —
the only man up — was asked to go out and, hold
the crowd. He said he walked out on the rear
platform and in his best voice began :

"Ladies and gentlemen "

Just then a limited whizzed by and his first
sentence hung fire. Beginning again, he repeated :

"Ladies and gentlemen "

A switch engine across the railroad yard got
in motion at this point and its whistle punctu-
ated "Nick's" opening words with shrill stac-

down the yard, and the interruption was of such
duration that the crowd got restless, and "Nick,"
to keep it from disintegrating entirely, shouted
at the top of his lungs:

"You people don't need any speechmaking.
There are too many signs of Republican prosper-
ity in your town. Look at the length of that
freight train ' '

But a voice in the rear of the crowd shouted
back:

"Say, young feller, what yer givin' us?
Them's empties."

And Longworth disappeared into the special. —
Saturday Evening Post.

THE PANDEX

567

CLASSIFIED— Continued.

KERN COUNTY.

$2000 — 20 ACRES patent mineral land, 2 engines,
1 boiler, 3 wells down about 700 tt.; 7-ln. wells;
city water; will lease; known as the Alameda prop-
erty.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

KINGS COUNTY.
94000 — 40 ACRES in rich land 2'A miles south-
east of Hanford; no alkali, irrigating ditch runs
through place; no Improvements; fenced.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

lake: county.

C3500 — 80 ACRES, 2'A miles from Upper Lake; 40
acres hill land, 40 acres bottom land on Clover
Creek; 6-room house and out-buildings, fine large
orchard of apples, pears, plums, prunes; also family
vineyard; all well fenced and cross-fenced.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

93000 — 160 ACRES 8 miles, from Middletown,
which is the nearest town; 1% miles from Langtry
Ranch; small 2-room house, barn, 2 large water
tanks; orchard of 45 acres all fenced; all level on
table mountain on Putah Creek; mostly in olives,
flgs, prunes, and peaches.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

92000 — -16 ACRES all level land near Kelseyville;
125 bearing trees, mixed fruit; all Al garden land;
good windmill; frame; 2 wells; good water; neither
house nor barn is of much value; this land raises
fine potatoes without irrigation; a large creek
passes place.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

l,OS ANGELES COUNTY.

91000 — 6 ACRES, good level ground at Irwlndale
Station, 11 miles out of Los Angeles toward On-
tario; water piped along south land; 25c per month
for household use and 50c per month for irrigation;
surrounded by orange and lemon groves.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

MADERA COUNTY.

98000 — 480 ACRES, Oak Park Farm, near Tosem-
Ite oiled roads; there are several small houses such
as hog-house and pen, smoke-house, chicken-house,
and cattle corral; also a fine modern 2-story 8-room
house with wide sealed porch around, store-room
and wood-shed adjoining; large barn closed on
three sides; place is fenced in 4 fields; the farm
covers 200 acres, of which 130 acres can be irri-
gated; the remaining 280 acres are somewhat
mountainous, well watered, and covered with oak
trees, and is the best of pasture for stock. This
place has a mortgage for $1500.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

MARIPOSA COUNTY.

92700 — 160 ACRES; 2 acres in berries; 800 fruit
trees; 30 acres in grain; 5-room house, good barn,
wagon-sheds; water right from Chowchilla River;
all farming implements; cow, chickens, 2 horses,
go with place; local market for all produce.
Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

MENDOCINO COUNTY.
93000 — 35 ACRES, all Al bottom land; 20 acres In
crop; new 5-room house, large barn, wood-shed,
store 24x60; fine well water; good place for vege-
tables.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

91200 — 167 ACRES 15 miles N. W. of Cloverdale;
all in timber; about 1 acre In cultivation; redwood
cabin of 3 rooms; 25 acres level; good road from
Cloverdale to ranch.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

good 7-room house, barn, chicken-house, other out-
buildings; partly fenced; 2 creeks run through the
place; all in pasture; 1000 tons hay per year; good
for cattle; mortgage $2500 can remain; P. O. Altu-
ras; fine meadow land; farming tools, etc.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

91200 — 640 ACRES all In pasture; fine pasture and
stock ranch; unimproved; no buildings.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

' MERCED COUNTY.

93300 — 80 ACRES, about 3"^ miles from the city
of Merced; leveled and ditched for irrigation; it Is
surrounded by fences of barbed wire and wire net-
ting and is sub-divided into convenient yards for
poultry; 3 acres of seedless raisin grapes are in a
thrifty condition; the soil is a clay loam, rich In
plant-producing elements; it grows fine peaches,
apricots, prunes, grapes, etc.; the water is from a
bored well with an unlimited supply; the Improve-
ments consist of a 6-room dwelling house, barn,
carriage-shed, granary, brooder-house, Incubator-
house, chicken-house; water for Irrigation is sup-
plied by the Crocker-Hoffman Canal, the ditches
extending on two sides of the property with nu-
merous inlet gates; the climate and surroundings
are healthfuK

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

MONTEREY COUNTY.

91000 — 5 ACRES rich bottom land, 3 miles from
railroad station and Vt mile from school, post office,
store, and telephone; good 5-room dwelling and
barn; there Is a well of good water and a creek
flows by the place; there Is no better soil In the
Pajaro Valley; adapted to the growing of berries,
alfalfa, fruits, vegetables of all kinds.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

NAPA COUNTY.

95000 — 27 ACRES 2 miles from Napa; growing
land all fenced and cross-fenced; new 6-room house,
new barn; 2 good horses and harness, wagon, and
buggy; 2 cows, and a lot of chickens; furniture and
farming Implements; 15 acres g )ou land, balance
grazing land.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

92700 — 27 ACRES, 8 miles from Napa; all fine
land for fruit or vines; no house; new barn; small.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco. California.

92000 — 75 ACRES, 8 miles from Napa; good house
and barn; 200 fine fruit trees, cherries, pe_aches, and
apricots; some fine vegetable land; fine spring wa-
ter piped to house; rolling land for grazing.
Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

92300 — 5-ACRE* chicken ranch near Napa; fully
equipped for poultry; about 300 laying hens; 900
young chickens; house and barn, windmill and
tank, brooder-house and incubator, all complete; 1
horse and market wagon, and household furniture.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

97000 — 17 ACRES, 3 miles from Napa; new 5-room
cottage and bath, pantry, barn, well, windmill,
tank, chicken-houses; 12 acres in vineyard; family
orchard; orange trees, blackberries, strawberries,
loganberries; soil good.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

98000 — 23 ACRES, 3 miles from Napa; 16 acres
In vineyard, family orchard, oranges and lemons;
6-room house, hard-flnlshed; barn; well, windmill,
and tank; 1 horse, 1 cow, wagon, buggy, chickens,
all farming tools.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co..
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

MODOC COUNTY.

98500 — 1686 ACRES in the N. E. part of Modoc
Co.; one of the finest stock ranches In the county;

911.000 — 33 ACRES, on the electric road; near
Napa; vegetable land; 9-room house, bath, all hard-
finished; barn, well; windmill and tank.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

568

THE PANDEX

TEDDY BARE.

—Puck.

A subsidy is an attempt to buy destiny oil.
—Puck.

Senator Piatt reports having a "nasty cold."
Necessarily, if Piatt has a cold it is a nasty
one. — Puck.

THE THAW CASE.

In Legal Circles.

A plea of insanity met a plea of self-defense.

"Well," said the first, "I'm not so crazy I
don't know you have no business monkeying in
a case with me."

Thereupon they clinched, and an unwritten law
that had been loafing around in hopes of a job
took to the woods for safefy. — Philadelphia
Ledger.

Ennui has a French name for the reason, it
is thought, that the French, being in the fore-
front of civilization, progress, and enlightenment,
discovered it first. — Puck.

CHIVALRY.

Couldn't Be an Employee.

"That fellow over there acts as though he
owned this hotel."

"Insulted you?"

"No. He asked me if anything could be done
to make me more comfortable." — Cleveland
Press.

The Power of Courtesy.

A delightful little incident appeared in the
Irish Times about a monkey and a dog.

"A brave active, intelligent terrier, belonging

to a lady friend, one day discovered a monkey
belonging to an itinerant organ-grinder seated
upon the bank within the grounds, and at once
made a dash for him.

"The monkey, which was attired in a jacket
and hat, awaited the onset in such undisturbed
tranquillity that the dog halted within a few
feet of him to reconnoiter. Both animals took
a long, steady stare at each other, but the dog
evidently was recovering from his surprise and
about to make a spring for the intruder.

A GOOD PLAIN COOK.

—Puck.

"At this critical juncture the monkey, which
had remained perfectly quiet hitherto, raised his
paw, and gracefully saluted by lifting his hat.
The effect was magical. The dog's head and tail
dropped, and he sneaked off and entered the
house, refusing to leave it till he was satisfied
that his polite but mysterious guest had de-
parted."

POPPYCOCK.

—Puck.

THE PANDEX

569

CLASSIFIED— Continued.

$7000 — DAIRY RANCH of 560 acres, 1% miles
from Napa; 100 acres in plow and fenced In 10
fields; 7-room house, barn, plenty wood and water.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

92000 — 20 ACRES 3 miles from Napa; 5 acres in
fruit; 5 in hay, balance in pasture; plenty wood;
fine water; nice 5-room house, barn, other out-
buildings; school % mile; fine place for chickens.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

$12,000 — 153% ACRES 13 miles from Napa; 5
miles to R. R. station; 8-room house, ceiled, barn
35x45 with stable for 4 horses; chicken-houses,
hog-pens, carriage, granary; barbed-wire hog-tight
fence; water from never-failing spring; 30 acres
in fruit, 6 in grapes, 83% in timber; 6000 cords
wood on place; hay enough in barn for stock; all
farming implements; house partly furnished;
cliickens, 2 horses, 2 heifers, 2 brood sows, 8 pigs,
and all apparatus for making wine go with place.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco. California.

PLACER COUNTY.

¥3000 — 20-ACRE fruit ranch 2 1-3 miles from
Penryn; 10 acres are in peaches. 3 in plums, 2%
prunes, 2% grapes, figs, pears, etc; 2 acres house,
road, barn yard, etc.; land rolling; soil fertile; entire
ranch under Bear River Irrigation Ditch; house of
7 rooms, bath, and wood-shed; large cellar; high
attic with space for more rooms; running water
arranged to be piped to house; terms.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco. California.

SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY. .
$7R00 — 10 ACRES of oranges, In Ontario on the
Santa Fe road. In first-class condition; 4-room
house, out-bulldings; water right goes with or-
chard; about one-half hour from Los Angeles.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

SAN BENITO COUNTY.
$260 PER ACRE — 109 acres, one mile from the
new electric cars to Santa Cruz; fenced; poor
buildings; soil black sandy loam; plenty of springs
to irrigate all of it; all under cultivation; terms
one-half cash, balance to suit.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

SAN JOAQ,UIN COUNTY.

$3000 — 20 ACRES 10 miles from Stockton; 16
acres in cultivation; 750 fruit trees; 4 acres In wal-
nuts; new cabin 10x10; cultivator, shovel, etc.; this
is an Ideal place for chickens.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

SANTA CRUZ COUNTY.

$3500 — 156 ACRES, 4% miles from Boulder Creek,
on main road to Los Gatos; 4500 young vines; 175
fruit trees of various kinds; about 8 or 10 acres of
hay land; large house, barn, chicken-house, and
other outbuildings; a lot of nice redwood timber,
pine, and other hardwood timber; plenty of water;
school-house on place; will sell for cash or for half
cash or on terms to suit.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

$3200 — 50 ACRES of land 6 miles from 'Watson-
ville; 15 acres in full-bearing orchard of apples and
apricots, besides a full-bearing orchard of assorted
fruits; about 5 acres in oak timber; the remainder
of the land all tillable; all growing crops and farm-
ing implements go with the place.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

$8000 — 101% ACRES; 10-room house; large barn;
chicken-house; carriage-house; 1000 full-bear-
ing fruit trees; 50 acres in timber, 20 acres
pasture, 25 acres hay under plow; dark, rich loam
soil; wood fence: several out-buildings; this place
was formerly a summer resort, "Las Lomas."

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

plastered house; 2 barns, 2 chicken-houses, 2 brood-
ers, 2 horses. 2 cows, 2 heifers, surrey, buggy, and
wagon; all farming tools; 7 acres level land, fina
creek water and piped; 3 miles from town.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

$3000 — 10 ACRES, with good improvements, 2
miles from town, near sea, electric car line and sta-
tion on Southern Pacific; 2 large barns, good house,
wind-mill and tank, orchard; fine for chickens.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

$3700 — 56 ACRES, 7-room house, plenty of timber
and water; 100 fruit trees, good road, 6 miles from
town.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

SANTA CL,ARA COUNTY.

TO LEASE FOR A TERM OF YEARS — 240 acres
near Hascenda; a hill ranch partly covered with
pine, oak, and laurel; small house on place; fine
water; good for hog ranch.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

$7000 — 12.65 ACRES; 1% miles from Mountain
View on main thoroughfare; fine house, splendid
barn, wind-mill and tank; full-bearing fruit trees;
splendid roads; most desirable.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

fsaoo — 10 ACRES beautifully located near Stan-
ford University; highly improved, full-bearing
place; ail implements, horse, wagon, and poultry
go with place.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

$9000 — 22 ACRES 2 miles from Mountain View;
level and all in cultivation; apricots and prunes;
fine 6-room house, chicken-house, barn, wind-mill,
and tank; water from well also; some pasture and
hay; place is at Castro Station on wagon road.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

SAN LUIS OBISPO COUNTY.

$2.'!00— 160 ACRKS, 11 miles S. E. of Santa Mar-
guerita on Salinas River; 15 acres bottom land, 45
acres slightly rolling, In cultivation; controls 120
acres Govt, land; will feed 25 cattle the year round;
well fenced; nice 4-room house completely fur-
nished, ready to move into; good barn and chicken-
house; family orchard; 150 trees (peaches, pears,
prunes, plums, apples, and apricots); good roads;
R. F. D. ; 3 horses, 1 eow, 150 chickens, Incubator,
and brooder; all goes for $2500, part cash, balance
easy.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

SOLANO COUNTY.

$5000—25 ACRES 2% miles south of Winters; 76
miles from S. F. ; all first-class level land; about 2
acres assorted fruits; good new modern cottage, 4
large rooms and bath; good well 32 feet deep; wind-
mill, tank (2000 gals.); water piped to bath and
kitchen, also to yard; good barn; 2 good out-houses;
plenty wood on place; 2 good mules, 1 wagon, 1
buggy, 1 set double harness; all farming tools.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

SONOMA COUNTY.

HOTEL FORESTVILLE, Sonoma County, Califor-
nia, terminus of the Petaluma and Santa Rosa Rail-
road; lot 100x200, two-story frame building size
32x70, 18 rooms; bar, dining-room, and office; com-
pletely furnished and stocked. J4000 will buy
everything complete. This will net J3000 a year
over and above all expenses. If you want a hotel
that Is a good one this is it.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

$3300 — IB ACRES, % acre in strawberries; 7-room

$7600 WILL BUY a lot 40x130, with building, 3-
story, 40x60, leased for 5 years at $80 per month.
This will net 10 per cent on the investment over
and above taxes, insurance, and repairs.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

THE PANDEX

UNDER THE WRONG BED.
Gentleman on the Floor — Gee, how '11 I git outer dis!

—Puck.

Always be polite to everybody. But don't let
that interfere with your getting your fair share.
— Somerville Journal.

FAMILY RELATIONS.

This Uncertain Life.

Mrs. Slummer — "My poor woman, does your
husband always drink like this?"

Mrs. Hogan — "No, mum. Sometimes I gets
out of work." — Life.

The Kicker Near.

"Hang it!" growled young Lovett to the girl
of his heart, "it makes me mad every time I
think of that ten dollars I lost to-day. I cer-
tainly feel as if I'd like to have somebody kick
■me."

"By the way. Jack," said the dear girl
•dreamily, "don't you think you'd better speak
to father this evening?" — Philadelphia Press.

Uncertain Future.
"Aren't you going to housekeeping?" asked

the friends of the swell young benedick.

"No," he replied; "I can't lease the house
we wanted for less than a year, and we may be
divorced in six months, you know." — The Cath-
olic Standard and Times.

Marriage frequently is the dyspepsia of un-
digested love. — Puck.

A dozen failures are the price of every success,
and even then the goods will most likely be
delivered to somebody else. — Puck.

The cost of funerals has increased so much in
the last generation that really now only the man
who is very well-to-do can well afford to die. —
Somerville Journal.

The only good and safe way to buy anything
on the dollar-a-week plan is to put away a dollar
a week in a tin box somewhere until you have
got enough laid up to make the purchase. —
Somerville Journal.

THE PANDEX

571

CLASSIFIED— Continued.

SOWOnfA COUNTY.
•25S0 — 11% ACRES sandy loam; 4-room house,
pantry, bath, several chicken-houses; well on place;
small orchard and flower garden; 1 mile to store,
school, and post office; a cozy little home; part
cash.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
361 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

$15,000—1000 ACRES 9 miles N. E. of Santa Rosa
on St. Helena road; good house, all necessary out-
buildings; 12 miles wire fence; 35,000 cords stand-
ing timber; fine water; good stock and wood ranch.
Easy terms, low interest; will lease at J600 per
year.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Flllmoro Street. San Francisco, California.

91200 — 78 ACRES 8 miles N. of Healdsburg; 4-
room frame house, also a 2-room log cabin; a few
acres cultivated, balance in pasture and timber
oak, laurel, and redwood; barn, chicken-house, and
other outbuildings; good garden; fine water; ideal
home; fine for chickens; small payment down, bal-
ance easy.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

feet deep; water the very best; a good paying prop-
erty.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
861 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

TEHAMA COUNTY.

91200 — 10 ACRES, 4 miles northwest of Corning,
In Thomas River Colony; planted to peaches, apri-
cots, and prunes from 6 to 9 years old; small house
on place.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

TUOLUMNE COUNTY.

91100 — 50 AND 60 ACRES, Joining R. R.; 15 acres
under cultivation; 900 grape vines; 150 fruit trees
in variety, about 500 blackberry vines; house of 6
rooms with wide porch all around; is well built but
needs refitting inside; 4 years old; barn well fitted
up, 3 chicken houses, 2-room cabin for hired man;
tight fence for chickens; 2 fine springs; clear title,
taxes paid, timber for lifetime.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco. California.

92500—8 ACRES U mile from Winsor; house and
barn with stable; chicken-house, corral; board and
wire fence; all level and in cultivation; 6 acres in
prunes and pears, 2 acres In vines; well of fine
water on place; all tools, 5 tons hay, furniture,
stove, etc., fine horse and wagon, double harness.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

STANISLAUS county!

97250— 7714 ACRES, 2% miles from Turlock; 75
acres in alfalfa; a fine even stand and from which
have been cut 5 crops and 450 tons of hay this year;
schools and church 2% miles; Turlock Irrigation
Ditch furnishes best and cheapest water; water tax
70 cents; land all ditched, laid out -in checks; irri-
gation boxes all In and ready to water; fenced and
cross-fenced with barbed wire fencing; windmill
and cement tank; no buildings on place; well 68

TULARE COUNTY.

97500—80 ACRES, 8 miles from Visalia; all culti-
vated; 65 acres in alfalfa; deep rich loam; no al-
kali; mixed family orchard; new 5-room house
ceiled, lined, and papered; barn, 6 new chicken-
houses, 2 brooder-houses, and incubator house; all
fenced and cross-fenced; hog tight; 10 cows; 10
head of young stock and registered bull, plow and
harrow.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

YUBA COUNTY.

95JS0 PER ACRE — 360 acres; 40 acres formerly
plowed for hay; abundance of white-oak timber;
numerous living springs; 5-room cottage; 2 miles
wire and stone fence; 5 stone corrals.

320 acres adjoining can be purchased with the
320 acres at $2000.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

12 Trips

to
California

for
Only $1.00

Mail the Coupon to
any one of the fol-
lowing offices :

New Yorlc; Cliicago; Reno, Ne-
vada; Los Anveles, California;
Portland, Oregon; San Franciaco,
California; Kansas City, Missouri;
Denver, Colorado.

9 ORCHARD AND FARM, the most handsomely executed farm publication in
the United States, is published in San Francisco, and is 20 years old.

q THROUGH ITS COLUMNS during the year we .hall be delighted
to take you to California twelve times. We will tell you of the great reclama-
tion work in the Western States. We will show you how crops are produced
through the process of irrigation. We will keep you posted on horticulture and
floriculture in the land where trees blossom and bloom the whole year 'round
and where Bowers never fade.

q WE WILL PROVE TO YOU the great progress in live rtock development
in the States west of the Rockies. In fact, through the columns of ORCHARD
AND FARM, every vital item of interest to the agriculturist' and live stock
grower will be presented from the standpoint of the practical farmer living west
of the Rockies.

TREE

q THIS CASE IS WORTH $1.00, and it cannot be bought at any store in
the world. We will give it absolutely free with one year's subscription to
ORCHARD AND FARM.

q THIS OFFEIR is good for either old or new subscribers.
Cut Out and Mall Today

THE CALKINS NEWSPAPER SYNDICATE. H.rtford Bldj., Chicajo.

Gentlemen : I >m enclosins $1 .00, for which pleaM send to my address immediately the
Martiia Wasiiinffton Needle Case and your publication. Orchard and Farm, for one

year.

NAME

STREET

CITY STATE..

Please meatioB The Pnndez whcH wrItlBC to AdTertlaem.

572

THE P AND EX

De Dodged It.

Deacon Snoozer (suddenly awakened) — By
ginger! I wish church organs didn't sound like
those new-fangled auto-horns! — Puck.

FUN WITH THE LANGUAGE.

Wanted the Winning Lobster.

Mr. Frank Daniels, the popular comedian,
while playing a recent engagement in Baltimore,
gave a dinner to some friends after the show
one evening. Broiled live lobster was on the
menu, and one was brought in minus a claw.

Calling the waiter, Mr. Daniels said: "What
do you mean by serving me with an imperfect
lobster?"

"Excuse me, sah, but Ah didn't think you'd
mind a little thing like dat, sah. These lobsters
got to fighting in the basket and this one lost
his claw," said the waiter.

"Take this lobster out immediately," replied
Mr. Daniels, "&nd bring me the winner." — Sat-
urday Evening Post.

Doing It Up.

"This bill is too high," said the customer.

"Too high?" repeated the laundryman.

"That's what I said; too high."

"But, man, do you know how long it takes to
do up a shirt?"

' ' Why, about four washings. ' ' — Yonkers
Statesman.

Cheap Seats.

Patience — "What do they charge for a seat at
the skating rink?"

Patrice — "Why, I paid for the skates, and
then I sat down for nothing." — Yonkers States-
man.

ture hat with gray ostrich plumes completed her
attire. — Evening Mail.

No wonder opera singers catch cold. The idea
of going without underwear in January! — Puck.

All the Same.

Street Car Conductor — "Where do you want
to get off at?"

Drowsy Passenger — ' 'Minute Street. ' '

Street Car Conductor — "Why, there's no such
street on this line."

Drowsy Passenger — "All right, let me off at
Sixty-second Street." — Chicago Daily News.

A gentleman styling himself "elias molee,
ph. b.," of "tacoma, Washington, n. america,"
has constructed an international language called
nuteutonish," which, he declares, can be under-
stood by over twenty millions at first sight. In
his "lesbook" Mr. Molee hymns his way into
the popular understanding with this seductive
Strain :

d glykli land.

(e happy land.)

dar is een glykli land,

fern, fern vi sag,
vor heiligos al stand,
klar, klar als dag,
oh, ho de soetli sing,
verti is do reto king,
1yd hio prieses ring,
pries, pries to hi.

Studies in the Vernacular.
"Sayjule, " remarked the girl at the collars
and cuffs counter, "you dropcher hankchif."
" Thanksawfly, " said the girl with the ear-

Mme. Nordica was attired in a mink coat, a
black silk dress, and white waist. A black pic-

THE ORIGINAL MAN-HIGHEE-UP.

-Puck.

THE PANDEX

573

£> ^ I WILL MAKE YOU
».;. 1 PROSPEROUS

^^HHHJI^ If yon are honest and ambitions write me
^^^^^■■K today. No matter where yon live or what
^^^^^P^ your occupation, I will teach you the Real
^^^Hk^^w Estate business by mail ; appoint you Special
^^^^^^^S^ Representative of my Company in yonrtown;
^^^^KSMr start you in a profitable business of yoarown,
^^^^P^W i^nd *^*''P y^^ make big money at once.
^^^■|[^^ T'niisual opportunity for men withoot
1 ^^HR^ capital to become Independent for lif^.
L, ^mf\ Valuable book and full particulars free.
■k-^Jp k Write today. Address nearest office.

■I^^^NATIONAL CO-OPERATIVE REALTY CO.

K H HARnKY in« M»rylmnd Bnlldlnu, WMhlBifton. D, C.

-^43

San Francisco
Literary Syndicate and Manuscript

Agency

915 Van Ness Avenue, San Francisco

Eastern Agent:

Brown Bros., New York

Foreign Agent:

Curtis Brown, London

^ Successful writers nowadays can sell their manuscripts for more than ever before. A few
years ago Jack London could not sell his best stories for any price. This was because he did
not know the editors and they did not know him. Now he receives one thousand dollars for his
simple promise to write a book, and fifteen cents for every word he writes. His literary agents
attend to this.

^ We have handled and edited manuscripts by Jack London and other successful western writ-
ers. Every one of these authors now makes his writing pay — and its pays well.

^ We stand in cordial relations with editors and publishers of the leading magazines and pe-
riodicals of America, and some of the best literary reviews of England. We maintain correspond-
ence also with one hundred and twenty leading daily and Sunday newspapers.

fl We will edit any magazine article or poem and advise you where best to place it, for a fee
of one dollar, prepaid. Our fee for considering manuscripts of novels or plays is five dollars.

^ We will endeavor to obtain within six months the publication of any (typewritten) manu-
script for a fee of five dollars, the full publisher's price to be remitted direct to the author by
the publisher without any percentage charge on our part. In case of non-acceptance by any
publisher within six months we will return the manuscript and refund two dollars, retaining the
balance for expenses and trouble incurred.

q Address all communications to our Treasurer, 915 Van Ness Avenue, San Francisco.

Plense menttou The Pandex when writing to Advertlaera.

574

THE PANDEX

I. ., , --^

V-' ■

What the woman sees. What the man sees.

THE ETERNAL MASCULINE AND FEMININE.

-Judge.

rings, stooping and picking something up from
the floor. "Sonely wunnigot. Saylil!"

"Smatternow?"

" Gotchervalentine zallpictout chet?"
■ ' * Naw ! Aintgoinpickemoutnuther. ' '

"Awgullong!"

"Sright."

"Quicherfoolin. I maskin f rinf ermation. "

"Gotchoors?"

"Longgo. Hoojer reckon I sawrubberen round-
joorcounter half nourgo 1 ' '

"Givitup. Oowassy?"

"Zif you didn't know!"

"Sright. Howja spozino?"

' ' Awgrullong ! Watchooblushinbout ? ' '

" Shutchermouth ! Aintablushin ! "

"Yartoo!"

" Awcutitoutjule ! Mine jerone bizzenlem-
melone ! ' '

"Needn't gitcherdanderuplil. Fewcant taka-
joke "

' ' Thattle beboutallf um you, Julepinkney ! You-
gullongorile ' '

But here the floorwalker happened along.

KINGSTON ET AL.

Too Frequent Shocks.

Earthquakes have worn out their welcome.
There have been four within a year — at Formosa,
San Francisco, Valparaiso, and now at Kingston
— with serious loss of life and immense destruc-
tion of property. We mourn for Kingston, but
we are getting blase about earthquakes. They
do not interest us as much as they did. We
know just how they work, and, given the size
of the shock, we can work out most of the details

in our heads, including the supplementary devas-
tation by fire. We sympathize with the sufferers,
but we are beginning to yawn a little over the
details. That is not nice, but it shows how easy
it is to get hardened to anything that does not
urgently impair our own comfort.

It is very much the same with railroad acci-
dents. There have been so many, and such bad
ones, that when there is another we hardly read
beyond the headlines, unless we have personal
reasons for wanting to know all. — Life.

Exceedingly Strange.

Keene — There was one strange thing about that
Jamaica incident.

Greene— What's that?

Keene — Why, Chancellor Day didn't write a
defense of Swettenham.

We do not blame the Governor of Jamaica for
regarding with suspicion the Americans who
landed with the avowed intention of aiding
earthquake victims. The Governor undoubtedly
reads American newspapers, and knows the ex-
tent of pillage and robbery in this country. For
all the Governor of Jamaica knew, John Rocke-
feller or Ed Harriman or Hen Rogers might have
been in the American landing party. — Puck.

VANITY,

Edward Everett Hale says: "Speak every
day to some one whom you know is your su-
perior." Many who read this advice will think
they can not follow it — save when they kneel in
prayer. — Life.

THE PANDEX

575

MONEY HIDDEN

IN CANS IS ENERGY PARALYZED

BUT MONEY AT WORK FREES ITS OWNER.

Most of the WORLD'S PAUPERS went through life with CLOSED EYES.
The PROSPEROUS "SAW THINGS" and INVESTED.

Hustle your loose change into the sunny fields of oppor-
tunity, then laugh when the rainy day comes.

Put your surplus to work now. Put it in rich soil.

California land values are increasing — there is but one California. Put your coin where land and population meet, and
you will rite to independence. Buy stock in a company that prospers with the sale of realty.

THE SOUTHWESTERN BONDS AND FINANCE COMPANY

Offers 100,000 shares of its gilt-edged, non-assessable stock at 10 cents a share. Its business is growing; it is opening
offices all over the State, and its inveitors will profit by the annueJ transfers of city and county prop-
erty everywhere in California. It conducts a legitimate real estate business, and its profits are bona fide
commissions.

The Company has contracted and paid for nearly two million inches of space in California newspapers, this
probably being the largest contract of the kind ever let. Its Burlingame office has been opened; offices will be started at
Haywards, Monterey, Oakland, Stockton, Sacramento, San Rafael. Santa Rosa and San Jose about the middle of April.
The business is growing, and the company will soon have offices in every part of California. Stock may be bought for
ten cents a share, payable in ten equal installments. Two hundred shares is the minimum that will be issued to
one person.

A. H. JorcUn, an expert insurance special agent, is president of the company; A. Mittleman, an expert real estate aeent. is secretary, and (he
directors are Matthew Brady, attorney and notary public. Dr. A. S. Adicr. of the BoaM of Health of San Fiancisco, and others of undoubted standing
in the business world. Men such as W. H. Miller of San Bernardino, W. R. Van Wormer of Paso Robies. and C. A. Kingston of Santa Ana. arc
stock-holders. Depository, California Safe Deposit and Trust Company. Atlorncys, Berry * Brady.

Get in line, so that the California Promotion Committee's work will benefit you; so that everything
done by a board of trade, by a town, or by an individual, to advertise the State will add to the value of your
assets. If you own stock in an institution whose prosperity depends upon the prosperity of the entire
State the arrival of every colonist will make your bank account stronger than it was when you invested. For
general information addressj

SOUTHWESTERN BONDS AND FINANCE CO.

961 Fillmore St., San Francisco, Cal.

Money should be sent direct to the Uptown Branch of the California Safe Deposit and Trust Com-
pany, 1740 Fillmore Street.

CASM COUPOtN

To the California Safe Deposit and Trust Co.,
Uptown Branch, 1740 Fillmore Street

San Francisco, Cal.:

Please reserve for me Shares of Stock

o( theS. W. B. <tF. Co., (ocwhichGiidinclaMd

Name

Town

State

CREDIT COURON

Please reserve (or me Sliaresal Stock

of the S. W. B. & F. Co., for which findincloKd $

being one-tenth of the full amount. I promise to pay the bal-
ance in six equal monthly installments.

Name

Town

State

Plcaae mcBtlM The Pandex whem wrItlBK to Advertiser*.

57©

THE PANDEX

RELIGION AND MOEALITY.

Mark Twain tells this story, the moral of
which you may supply yourself : "I went to
church one time and was so impressed by what
the preacher told me about the poor heathen
that I was ready to give up a hundred dollars
of my own money and even go out and borrow
more to send to the heathen. But the minister
preached too long and my enthusiasm began to
drop about twenty-five dollars a drop till there

inarch to a personage they hate and thank her
for boring them to death. — Puck.

As Others See Us.

"And do the Americans shine in their conver-
sation?" asks the interviewer of the foreigner
who has returned to his native land.

"Let me tell you," replies the foreigner. "In
mixed company the ladies assemble on one side
of the room and all talk at once about cooks and

HOME COMFORTS.

Mr. Forberfive — By Jove, old man, did you hurt yourself? I meant to tell you about that
glass wall. It 's a little idea of mine to make t he flat look l^arger. — Puck.

was nothing left for the poor heathen, and by
the time he was through and the collection was
taken up I stole ten cents off the plate." — South-
western's Book.

By her first large gift Mrs. Sage indicates non-
belief in the theory that one who can afford to
give must restrain the generous impulse unless
people who can not afford to give donate an
equal amount. — Philadelphia Ledger.

SOCIETY.

Hospitality is that subtle something whereby
fair women and brave men are compelled to

dresses, and the men assemble at the other side
of the room and talk about automobiles and
money. ' ' — Life.

MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT.

New Yorkers are objecting to having their
street torn up by contractors. People who visit
New York occasionally supposed that to have
something to tear up was the purpose of main-
taining streets. — Philadelphia Ledger.

A good deal of mushroom aristocracy is raised
in wine cellars. — Puck.

THE PANDEX

577

Don't Wear a Truss

Brooks' Appliance is s new

scientific discoTery with auto*
matic air cushions that draws
the broiien parts together and
binds them as Tou would a
broken limb. It absolutely
holds firmly and comfortably
and never slips, always light
and cool andconformatoevery
movementof the body without
chafing or hurting. I make it
to your measure and send it to
you on a strict guarantee of
I satisfaction or money refund-
I ed and I have put my price so
I lowthat anybody, rich or poor,
I c&nbuyit. Remember I maka
■ It to your order — send ittoyoa
— yon wear tt — and If it doesn't satisfy you, you send it back to
m« and I will refund yoor money. The banks or any responsl*
ble citizen in Marshall will tell you that is the way I do busi-
nass — always absolutely on the square and I am Selling thooft*
andiof people this way for the past five years. Remember I
use no salves, no harness, no lies, no fakes. I just give you a
Itraight business deal at a reasonable price.

C £. ilr(M»ka,459s Brooks Bldff^ Marshall, Mleb.

10 DAYS FREE TRIAL

We ship on approval, without a cent
deppiit. f releht prepaid . DON »T

FAX A CENT if you are not satisfied

after using the bicycle 10 days. ^

DO MOT W't^Ai^s'LZ^n^Z

at any price ontil you receive our latest
art catalogs illustrating everv kind of
bicycle, and have learned oar uiiheard oj
prices and marvetous new offers.

nilC PFIIT <" <^1 >' ^1>1 c"""* rou to
Wnt Ubn I write a postal and every-
thing will be sent yon free postpaid by
return mail. Tou will get much valuable in-
formation. I>onot frait.writeitnow.
TIK£S, Coaster-Brakes, BoUt-

op-Wheels and all sundries at half usual prices.

MEAOerOLE CO. DeptP 217 CHICAGO

MENNEN'S

ssmmtmrni

ITnsettled W^eatlier

of spring months.with its raw chill winds, is especially
hara uu delicate complexions, unless protected and
kept soft and clear by daily use of

MENNEN'S faT^" POWDER

A deliKhtful healing and soothing toilet necessity,
containing none of the risky chemicals found iu cheap
toilet powders imitating Mei " * ' "'

the habit of uj
year, after
shaving and
after bathing.

toilet powders imitating Mennen's. Just get
' Etbit of using Meuueu's every day of the

Put up in
noil - refilla-
ble boxcM. for

your protec-
tion. If iMen-
nen's face is
on the cover,
it's genuine
and a guarantee of
purity. Delightful
after shaving. Sold
everywhere, or by
mail 25 cents.

Guaranteed under the Food and Drugs Act, June 30, 1906.
Serial No, 1542.

OREGON'S COAST CITY!

LOTS IN SCHAEFER'S AD-
DITION ARE SELLING FOR

LOCATION

NOT PHRASEOLOGY

Which is "Central" between
deep water and deep water,
one and one-half miles mid- 1
way, and like distance between
Empire, North Bend and'
Marshfield.

ON THE BAY

GEO. J. SCHAEFER

(OWNER)

317 Chamber of Commerce
PORTLAND. ORE.

Copyrighted bq
6mgeJ.5cnaeferi9o(>

Pleaae mmtiom The Fandex vrhcB irritima; to Advertlsera.

578

THE PANDBX

UNDER RUNNING FIRE.

APoirsCENr
PARANOIA
fXTHOLO^rlCAL
HYPOTXET'CAU

The Insanity Expert.
In order to maintain their high standing and
charge accordingly insanity experts will have to
bring on a new line of big words, as many of
the attorneys are now familiar with those in use
at present. — Chicago News.

Why They Are So Called.

Possibly the "limited" train is so called be-
cause only a limited number of persons get to
their destination. At least that is what the
bright father explained to the inquisitive small
boy. — Chicago News.

S$^

1 .

>->!'..

-9 ^ "^sdkiis^^^vi;
-r-fi i/.j.

The Fate of Bailey.
Senator Bailey in weeping like a child may
show that the bravest are the tenderest, and
then again he may show
something else. For in-
stance, he may show that he
is up against the real thing.
Senator Bailey is a horrible
example of the old school of
propriety that lapped over
into the century of new ideas
and he has to take the conse-
quences. He did'nt see the
storm coming soon enough to
duck for cover and now he
has to stand out in the wet.
Some statesmen who, when
they died, were mourned and
honored, got rich the same
way, but the public does not
allow their successors to do
that sort of thing now if it
catches them at it. Senator Bailey should re-
sign and start a chicken farm. His usefulness
at Washington is over. — Chicago News.

Mr. Harriman's Advantage.
Where Mt. Harriman had the advantage in
business was in his ability to touch a button and
transform himself from a private citizen into a
board of directors or vice versa according to
whether he was a buyer or seller, and when the
occasion really demanded it he could be both at
once without losing a lap. — Chicago News.

Look Out, Gentlemen!

^St. Louis Globe-Democrat.

It Will Be Seen Again.

Never fear but that the ship-subsidy bill, little
discouraged, will seek some pleasant resort where
it may rest and recuperate until the next Con-
gress gets around to it.

THE PANDEX

579

Reduce Your Fat

Rengo Rapidly Reduces Excess
Without the Aid of Tiresome
Exercises or Starva-
tion Diet.

Fat

COSTS NOTHING TO TRY.

Rengo will reduce excess fat and build up the strength
and health of anyone who eats it regularly for a short
time. It is a product of nature, de-
licious to the taste and safe and harmless
in all its properties. It will not injure
the digestive organs as so many drugs
, and medicines do.

Rengo will positively reduce surplus
fat rapidly and do so without harm to
the subject. It is very palatable and
pleasant to eat. It is prepared in a
highly concentrated form and is conven-
ient to carry in the pocket so one can

_ „ ... have it with him at all times.

bat Rengo Like ^ ...

Fruit or Candr. Rengo requires no exhaustmg exercises
or starvation dieting to help it out as so many of the

This Illustration Plaialy Shows What RcDgo Has Done

so-called fat remedies do. You can go right ahead and
attend to your regular daily duties. It compels proper
assimilation of the food and sends the food nutriment
into the muscles, bones and nerves and builds them up
instead of piling it up in the form of excess fat.

It is mild, pleasant and harmless; put up in concen-
trated form in small packages for convenience.

If you suffer from excess fat send your name and ad-
dress to-day for a trial package of Rengo, mailed free in
plain wrapper. Fill out free coupon below.

FREE RENGO COUPON

If you suffer from excess fat all you have to do is fill in your name
and address on dotted lines below and mail to Renso Co., 1505 Ren£o
Bids., Detroit, Mich., and they will mail in plain wrapper, free, a
trial package.

Orchard and Farm

An Illustrated Monthly Magazine

Si-OO the ymar ... San Francitco, Cat.

A FIVE ACRE

petaluma ego Ranch

PROVES A BETTER INVESTMENT
AMORE PLEASUREABLE PURSUIT

MAKES MORE MONEY THAN ANY OTHER COAST
ATTRACTION

WE DO WHAT WE SAY WE DO
AND ARE ON HAND WITH THE GOODS

Our lists comprise a number of
Good Buys for People with Limit-
ed Means, who can farm in Cali-
fornia soil with less liability, more
sure results and in almost perpetual
sunshine.

Petaluma Egg Farms are situated
at the seat of demand — the best
Market in the world is at your
door.

Our prices are astonishingly low
and Terms Reasonable.

■0

rr 3

a o

3 tn •
B O ' —

>
<

>
1 X

Established 1884. We publish the Petaluma Land Journal.
It will interest you — free, if you write for it.

POULTRY RAISING

Is most profitable at Petaluma, Calif. Many are making
$200 per month and over on 5 acres with poultry alone.
Try it and be convinced, We have a good list to select from

A Few Special Bargains

$2250— VslIeyHeighu; 5.27 seres, high, rolling, landy toil, com-
mandiiig fine view, new, 4 R. cottsge, bsm, incubstor and
brooder house and bidgs. and runs for 1 000 hens, room for
2000. This plant when fully slocked will pay $200 net per
month. Can he bought now on terms of $750 caih and bsl. si
you make it. No. 1871.

$2000-7 seres ad), dty limits; wooded hillside, slo[»ng to the esst;
bouse, barn, well and poultry bldgs; $300 cash and essy
tcnns. No. 1861.

$3500— An ideal home and poultry ranch, 5 seres 2 miles out; sandy
soil, best near Petaluma. new, modem, 5 R cottage, bath ro(»n,
pantry and closets, ample out bldgs., room and runs for 2000
hens; $1000 cash, bal. 6 per cent.; should net owner $250
per month. No. 1552.

$3000—3.94 acres near Petaluma, rich, sandy soil. I acre orchard, fine
garden, new 4 R cottage, porcelain bath, patent toilet, white

enameled sink in pantry, hot and cold running water in house
andtoout bldgs.. bam and poultry bldgs. Fine location and
good neighbors; a fine home and money maker. No. 1870.

WriVe for our
Sonoma County Bargain*, Book P, a large free liMt.

J. W. HORN CO.

812 Main Street. Petaluma, California

IS Yeart' Experience at Petaluma

Please meatlon The Pandex when Trrltlnc to Advertisers.

580

THE PANDEX

■/•■•v;-vV. / V>-'-/.'C^e <■</<■■- >^.i -—:=^===g--r^!!^

Pi^lEI3

A MODERN OCEAN LINER.
Now That the "Flat" Ship Has Come Into Being.

— Chicago Tribune.

THE PANDEX

581

A Pottage Stamp Will Bring It FREE

" Air Line News "

which tells all about the work
now in progress upon the

Chicago-New York

Electric Air Line Railroad

the marvelous ten dollar fare,
ten hours electric railroad now
being built between Chicago
and New York : : : :

Regular Subscription Price 50c a Year

If you will send your name and
address to the nearest ot the fol-
lowing offices, stating where you
saw this advertisement, we will
enter you name for THRFR
MONTHS' SUBSCRIPTION

FREE

The Southwestern Securities Co.

Delbert Block, San Francisco, Cal.
Central Bank Building, Oakland, Cal.
Eitel Building, Seattle, Wash.
305 West First St., Los Angeles, Cal.

Chicago Conservatory

Dr. WILLIAM WADE HINSHAW. Prerident
Slat Season

Most Complete Conservatory of Music and Dramatic
Art in America. Eminent Faculty of 60 Instructors.

BRANCHES OF STUDY — Pi»Bo. VcxJ, Violin, Public School
Music, Organ, Theory, Elocution, Oratory, Languages. Drama and Opera

SO Free and 100 Partial Scholarships.

Send Stamp

for Catalogue.

Address JOHN A. HINSHAW, Manager
Auditorium Building, Chicago.

C. W. EVANS, C. M. E.

Gold and Copper Mines

and Mining Stocks

Bought and Sold

Dealer in OI^GON INVESTMENT SECURITIES

Best References

Ashland,

Oregon

$91

PFR MONTH expenses adranced. Men

lect names, advertise and distribute samples. Permanent.
Saunders Co., Dept. H. Fifth Ave.. Chicaeo.

THE GERMAN SAVINGS & LOAN SOCIETY

526 California St., San Francisco, Cal.

Guaranteed Capital and Surplus
Capital actually paid up in cash •
Deposits, June 30. 1906 - - -

$ 2.552.719.61

1.000,000.00

38,476.520.22

F. Tillmann, Jr.. President; Daoiel Meyer. First Vicc-PrcBident;
Endl Rohte, Second Vice-President; A. H. R. Schmidt. Cashier; Wm.
Herrmann. Asst. Cashier; George Tourny. Secretary; A. H. MuUer,
Asst. Secrettry; C«od(ellow A Eclls, General Attorneys.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS:

F. Tillmann. Jr.. Daniel Meyer, Emil Rohte, Ign. Steinhart, I. N.
Walter, N. Ohlandt. J. W. Van Bergea. E. T. Krusc, W. S. Go©dfcllow.

THE VACUUM CAP CURES BALDNESS
60 DAYS TRIAL

Thousands cured. Our Modem Vacuum Cap when used a
few minutes each day draws the blood to the scalp and forces the
hair into new healthy growth, cures baldness and stops the hair from fall-
ing out. Cures Dandruff. Harmless and healthful. We send it to you
on trial. We only want pay if you arc pleased. Is not this fair^
Write for free booklet.

THE MODERN VACUUM CAP CO.
661 Barclay Blocic Denver, Colo.

WHAT DO YOU THINK OF THIS?

A BEAUTIFUL TOP DESK

ONLY $27. OO

This includes shipment by freight to any part of California.

PHOENIX DESK AND CHAIR CO.

En. M. MooRi^, President and Mtnager. Ed. H. PRENTtCE. Secretary and Treasurer

1538 Market Street. San Francisco

Pleaae sicKtlaB Tbe Paadex whea wrltisK to AdTcrtlaem.

582

THE PANDEX

We Are in "Dead Earnest" When We Say to You

BUY

Seattle- Boston Copper Company ^s

Preferred Stock

While It Is Selling at 75 Cents per Share

We are now operating two camps, and in sixty days will have two more

in operation.

The outlook for profit is far greater with our four properties than
it is with companies having but one.

Write us for prospectus — it will interest you.

WE HAVE THE ORE.
We Want You to Help Us Ship It.

SEATTLE-BOSTON COPPER CO.

419-421 Alaska Building, Seattle, U. S. A.

A/NO^I lyEA/N

Dr. Morrow's Anti-Lean
makes Lean people Fat

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THE PANDEX OF THE PRESS

Edited by Arthur I. Street

INDEX TO CONTENTS

Series II.

MAY. 1907

Vol. V, No. 5

COVER — Railroad Regulation. Adapted from
Cartoon by Morris in Spolcane Spokesman
Review.

FRONTISPIECE — Feathering His Nest. Repro-
duced from Collier's Weekly.

EDITORIAL, — From Two Angles 583

JUGGLING WITH PANICS 594

Stock Exchange Flurries 594

Down With a Crash ! 594

"Roosevelt 'Calls' the Bluft" 593

Street. Mad Again With Joy 596

Was Roosevelt Party to It? 596

Failed in Their Plot 698

Gives "400" Taste of Poverty 598

Treasury and Wall Street 599

Panic in America 600

BUSINESS MAN VS. STATESMAN 605

Doesn't Scare the President 605

Views Remain the Same 606

President Gives Harriman Lie 606

Mr. Harrlman's Reply 614

PRECEDENTS FOR THE CONTROVERSY 616

NEBRASKA GIVES A LESSON 619

VERSE — Hot Stuff 621

THE HEIR TO THE RESPONSIBILITY 622

Fight to Check Oligarchy 622

Five Millions in the Fund.: 623

Operate Under Roosevelt Mask 624

Harriman Not So Angry 624

Forcing a Third Term 626

Plot to Fool ILiOeb 626

Fairbanks Defended 627

Gray or Harmon, not Bryan 629

Hughes In 1908 630

STORY OF A WARD, THE 631

Petitioning for Protection 631

Made Poor Legislators 632

Craze for Graft 632

Lid Lifting Wanted 632

Progress Under Protection 634

Troops Make Good Record 634

Gomez's Great Strength 634

Rural Guards Are the Issue 535

Schools Are the Chief Need 636

VERSE — Impartial Mr. Roosevelt 636

ANANIAS CLUB, THE! — A Tale in Cartoons... 637

NATIONS, ALONE AND TOGETHER 641

Hague Conference Plans 641

Stead Reveals His Idea 642

Program May Be Changed 642

New Era Due in China 644

Russia's List of Reforms 646

Tariff Concessions Exchanged 646

German Prince at Harvard 648

Firm Front in Morocco 648

Root's Designs on Canada 648

Roumanians Fear England 650

Transvaal Premier's Speech 651

Twain at the Kaiser's Table 651

TALE OF THE "RETREAT" — Translated for
the New York Times by Herman Bernstein
from the Russian of Sophia Wltte 652

T\i'0 TALES OF GRAFT 659

San Francisco's Tablet of Shame 659

Pennsylvania's Temple of Fraud 665

Reaction in Chicago 669

Legislative Graft is Bared 669

Wyoming Millionaires Indicted 669

Knoxville Throws Out Saloons 670

Barkeepers Boost Temperance 672

Beer Cheaper Than Water 672

REDSKINS OWN THE NEW STATE 672

GREATER SAN FRANCISCO — OR A LESSER

NAGASAKI 674

FROM A CELESTIAL VIEWPOINT 677

MEASURING THE SOUL 681

Ridicule for the Discoverer 681

MacDougall Tells His Story 682

French Idea of the Soul . . .' 686

Dr. Funk's Spirit Voice 688

WOMEN IN THREE PHASES 690

Banking Taught to Women 690

Listens to All the Crime 692

Where Women Are the Town 694

VERSE — Making of a Man 697

SQUARING WFTH DESTINY 698

Carnegie Gives Millions '. 699

Oil Riches to the Public 699

Boycotting Rockefeller Gifts 700

Carnegie Institution's Work 700

Remaking an Idiot 708

Future Fortunes for Children 710

Prodigies? Well, How's This? , 712

Children Sold for Taxes 712

Father Recognized His Son 714

Published the First of Each Month by

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FEATHERING HIS NEST.
THE BRYAN BIRD: "I suppose before long he'll yank this feather too."

(Copyrighted, 1906, by Collier's Weekly. Reproduced by permission.)

THE PANDEX OF THE PRESS.

MAY. 1907

Series II

Vol. V No. 5

From Two Angles

By the Editor

Two

Continuing
Leaders

scarcely less

One may look upon Mr.
Lawson with suspicion and
contempt, or upon President
Roosevelt with sentiments
tempered, but nevertheless
every month's rotation brings about some
new respect in which these two singular
men continue to lead the American public
and to make war against evils which they
regard as destructive of the fundamental
principles of the republic.

Mr. Lawson, operating with far less nu-
merical support than clusters round the
President, and dealing with a field almost
more intricate than that of which the Execu-
tive Mansion is the center, hammers inces-
santly at the same point, namely, that the
people will never be free from the dominance
of the "System" until they learn to disre-
gard the System's maneuvers on the stock
exchange and to withhold their money from
the System's agents.

Mr. Roosevelt, on the other hand, tho ap-
parently uninitiated into the practical mys-
teries of high finance, meets the political
strategies of Big Business with an unprece-

dented adroitness, and storms down the op-
position to new legislation with a popularity

Chastened.

— St. Louis Republic.

584

THE PANDEX

that grows more marvelous, instead of more
tenuous, with every test to which it is put
hy a strangely strenuous existence.

„ y . On the financial side, the

and ^''*^°'' ""^ "Frenzied Fi-

nance" stands as a watchful
and resourceful antagonist
of every speculative movement by which he
deems the community's subordination to the
Standard Oil oligarchy will be more firmly
ensured. On the political side, Mr. Roose-
velt, with an amazing acuteness born of his
o-rni unique intuitions of truth and honor,
catches every trap that is set for the federal
administration and holds up to obloquy the
men who seek to make use of the public ser-
vants and the public laws. "With the result :
that whichever way the big operators turn,
they are confronted with the one rudiment-
ary necessity which is rapidly being re-
builded into the organization of the Amer-
ican democracy, namely, that honesty shall
precede profit and that square dealing shall
have rank over all prosperity.

Lawson

and Roosevelt

Both Alert

For example, when a "rich
men's panic" is created and
famous tales are told of
losses by Harriman, by As-
tor, by Vanderbilt, and by other leaders, Mr.
Lawson is alert to apprise the public, in huge
advertisements paid for out of his own pock-
ets, that the whole movement is a fabrica-
tion, calculated solely to pour a few more
millions into the treasuries of the System,
and that, in the manufacture of it, no less
an agency has been used than the contention
of the President of the United States for an
honester valuation of the shares and bonds
in which the System induces the public to
invest its savings.

Or, when Mr. Harriman and other railroad
presidents, driven by the force of common
opinion, are about to regain some of their
lost prestige thru an offer of conciliation and
a promise to take the public more into their
confidence in the future, Mr. Roosevelt in-
stantly discounts the insincerity of the play
by the exposure of a plot by which many of
the country's richest financiers conspire to

wreck the existing Governmental policies.
And back of these two signal events lie
practically the entire correlation and se-
quence of recent history.

Harriman

and

Society

Back of the rich men's
panic, for instance, is the
whole story of the pressure
of modern business toward
consolidation, with the consequent tendency
toward concentration of finance and toward
the elevation or depression of certain leaders
whose methods and whose personalities are
now under scrutiny. There is the rapid se-
ries of combinations which have been the
making of Mr. Harriman, and at the same
time the unscrupulous iteration with which
Mr. Harriman 's enemies, one after another,
have been thrown over, to whatsover fate
might befall them. There is the alleged so-
cial war which has played its part in the
undoing of Mr. Stuyvesant Fish, and behind'
that the enormous accretion of society vanity
and idle extravagance which have had much
to do with stimulating the modern American
to his stupendous feats of money making and
to his obliteration of conscience and prin-
ciple in the pursuit of wealth.

In Spite
of All
Exposures

There is the long and unfin-
ished tale of the life-insur-
ance companies which, in
spite of all the Lawson-
Hughes exposures, still remain smugly
within the control of the same vast interests
that have had access to their funds for an
indefinite period. And within this is not
only the biography of Mr. Ryan, the allure-
ment of Mr. Morton from the Presidential
Cabinet, the retirement of Mr. Shonts from
the Panama Canal to assume the administra-
tion of the street railway interests which
Mr. Ryan controls, but there is also the in-
trigue, which Mr. Roosevelt has lately venti-
lated, whereby Mr. Harriman sought in turn
to advance Mr. Hyde, and then Senator De-
pew, to the Embassy to France in order that,
in the one instance, his grasp upon the funds
of the Equitable might be the more undis-
turbed or that, in another, he himself might
be graduated to the chambers of the United
States Senate.

THE PANDEX

585

Treasury

and
Wall Street

There is the retirement from
presidential aspirations of
Mr. Shaw, once a favored
satellite of Wall Street, and

tune of other Treasury Secretaries and as-
sistant secretaries before Mr. Shaw — is the
entire problem of the relationship of the
Federal bank vaults to the speculations in

his ensconcement in a post among the banks the narrow canyons of lower New York

THAT AWrtJL BRAT NEXT DOOR.

— Chicago News.

and trust companies of New York to which
the Treasury Department, during his admin-
istration, was frequently accused of lending
too generous a love. And associated with
Mr. Shaw's fortune — good or bad as one
may regard it, and similar as it is to the for-

which center in Wall Street. There is also
the relationship of Mr. Cortelyou, the in-
cumbent Secretary, to the men who are sup-
posed to have contributed to the Republican
campaign when he was the latter 's chieftain.
Among these men is the Mr. Perkins who,

586

THE PANDEX

while he has but recently restored to the
New York Life Insurance Company the $28,-
000 which he drew from its treasury for the
benefit of Mr. Roosevelt's election, is at the
same time one of the most valued members
of the firm of J. Pierpont Morgan, which so
cordially detests and so freely antagonizes

ter of time with the policy of the Treasury
Department in placing large deposits at the
disposal of the banks in order to avert a
panic which, in reality, threatened none save
such firms as Mr. Perkins himself repre-
sented, there are many critics and suspicion-
ists who look behind the deed for a sinister

WIRED.

ME. TELEGRAPH CO. — Sorry to have overlooked you so long.

International Syndicate.

most of the policies of the national adminis-
tration.

Ordinarily the act of Mr.
Perkins would be taken at
its face value and regarded
as recognition of error, and
the doing of a "work meet for repentance."
But when it is so closely connected in the mat-

The Honesty

of a

Repentance

implication. Mr. Cortelyou's record to date
has been one of worth and honor, and it is
to be presumed that he will maintain the
record to the end; but the intrigue which
invests the Treasury of the United States is
more acute than that which surrounds any
other department of the Government, and if
Mr. Cortelyou has already yielded to so ob-
viously false a panic as that of March 13, it

THE PANDEX

587

THAT IS THE QUESTION.

^New York World.

588

THE PANDEX

is but natural that there should be some ap-
prehension lest worse things befall hereaf-
ter. It is by just such conditions as that of
March 13, wrought or inevitable, whichever
they may be, that the financiers have profited
in the past at the expense of the Nation, and
it is by such situations, of equally doubtful

woven that almost simultaneously the im-
provement work on every big road in the-
country stopped because of the acts proposed
in over twenty-five states for the limitation
of passenger and freight rates, for the can-
cellation of passes, and for the regulation of
hours of labor, the members of the System

THE YELLOW KID— "NOW WATCH ME SAVE DE LADY!"

— Detroit Journal.

origin, that they may be expected to seek to
profit in the future.

Taught the
President
a Lesson

Furthermore, as Mr. Law-
son shows, it was even the
President 's own attitude
that the System put to use
in the making of its "rich men's panic."
Supreme tho their mastery already is of the
railroads of the entire country, and so inter-

saw an opportunity to create a bear market
by posting a pretended compliance with the
President's policies, by means of the bear
market to gather into their own possession,
at enormous profit, an additional quantity
of dividend-paying shares. "The President
of the United States," says Mr. Lawson,
"was given an object lesson in Frenzied
Finance — in its unexploited possibilities."

T.HE P AND EX

589

President 's
Complex
Position

And if such a financial ma-
neuver reaches up to and
engulfs the Chief Executive
in its sweep, there is hardly

does he stand amid domestic circumstances
utterly unlike those which enveloped the
Presidents of earlier years, such as Jackson
and Cleveland, with whom he has been eom-

a phase of current life that it does not touch pared for his force of character, but the

HA! HIST! REVENGE!
Misery Loves Company.

— Chicago News.

in one way or another. For, the Chief Exec-
utive of the United States at the present
time represents an entirely different personal
and ofiBcial entity from that which has be-
longed to any of his predecessors. Not only

country of which he is the first citizen is
now a nation among nations. It is influen-
tial to such a degree in the approaching con-
ference at the Hague that President Roose-
velt has written a letter to the peace gather-

590

THE PANDEX

ing in New York cautioning all peace advo-
cates against the folly of over-enthusiasm
and urging that the cause of harmonious in-
ternational relationship may best be pro-
moted by wise fostering of easily recognized
principles of international law. It draws
from England that country's most distin-
guished citizen as ambassador, and it is to
be made the visiting and educational ground
of one of the younger sons of the German
Emperor. The Vatican makes it the virtual
battlefield whereon it hopes so far to shape
the opinion of the world at large that Prance
will be compelled to recede from its Act of
Separation.

The monopolists of the
Wide Scope country's oil fields make an
of Country's alliance with the monopo-
Interests lists of the oil fields of Eu-
rope and Asia ; the manu-
facturers of its packed meats force a recip-
rocal tariff agreement with the agrarian an-
tagonists of the Fatherland ; and only Japan,
cunning, adroit, progressive, and sure, is
able to give pause to the onward crowding
of the nation's commerce. Mexico grants
'concessions to American enterprise until it
would appear almost to have given away its
patrimony. Brazil and the republics of the
South ask the leadership of the United States
in urging the recognition of the Drago doc-
trine. Santo Domingo requires the assist-
ance of the Union to administer its finances
and avert its complete bankruptcy; while
Cuba, helpless in the inexperience of a pro-
longed subordination to the corrupt prac-
tices of Spanish colonialism, depends, like
an incubus, upon the fostering genius of the
newly bom insular administrators from the
offices at Washington. Even Canada wel-
comes the conciliatory speeches of Secretary
Root, and rejoices that the new diplomatic
position of America has brought to the Con-
tinent an Embassador from the Mother
Country who thinks enough of the Dominion
to make it one of his first places of visita-
tion.

Faced by
Two

Thus, as in a vortex of un-
precedented responsibili-
„ ~^ Zj, •■, ties, the Chief American
Magistrate faces the condi-
tions, temperament, mistakes, and aspira-
tions of the people who elected him.

If he asks for legislation to regulate the
railroads, he can not do so without the con-
sciousness, now being brought home so forci-
bly to him, that the railroads in resentment
may force a condition of retrenchment and
retaliation that will paralyze industry and
seriously affect the relations of the country
with almost every country in the world. If
he breaks with the head of a great financial
combination such as Mr. Harriman, he can
only do so with the realization that there
may be behind the combination a conspiracy
to use millions of dollars to prevent the suc-
cess of a candidate in the ensuing campaign
committed to the carrying out of policies
similar to his own. If he does not make
these severances, if he does not require that
the overgrown institutions of traffic grant
reasonable subordination of dividends to
public convenience and need, the forces of
anarchy or socialism stand ever in the rear,
ready to move forward into power and domi-
nance.

The Danger

in
the Unions

Labor already is so solidi-
fied that it may become the
next subject of national in-
vestigation and national
overhauling. It threatens a strike on the
western railroads, and the President is
forced to take advantage of an old law to
hasten a compromise and avert a transporta-
tion disaster. It rises in anger because the
President brands the ostensible murderers of
the governor of Idaho with the same stamp
that he places upon Harriman and the lat-
ter's like among the capitalists. It wrenches
itself loose only with the utmost reluctance
and delay from the cause of the monument-
ally corrupt Ruef and Schmitz, of San Fran-
cisco. And it almost precipitates a war with
Japan because it fears that an influx of Jap-
anese will cheapen the standard of wage on
the Pacific Coast or lessen the grasp of the
unions upon the commercial and industrial

THE PANDEX

591

¥ 'nil' 'il'rt^ " "^

im>

(^y@^.'^?

THE NEXT REPUBLICAN NATIONAL CONVENTION.

-New York World.

592

THE PANDEX

vitality of the same region. It disregards
the representation that Mr. Hearst is an ally
of Mr. Harriman, and it votes sufficiently
for Mr. Hearst's candidate for the governor-
ship of California to give the balance of
power into the hands of the same man, or
men, whose iron and unscrupulous sway the
President is doing his best to break in the
larger world covered by the railroads. To
be sure, it is developing some leaders to
whose able counsel the President listens as
intimately as he does to that of the states-
men in the Senate or of the executive officers
in his Cabinet ; but its magnitude as an or-
ganization is as yet greater than its judg-
ment as an economic force. And the Presi-
dent has to reckon with it as he does with
the same sort of overgrown and incautious
power in the field of corporations.
■ If he handles it without sympathy, he en-
courages social animosities and drives far-
ther than ever from his reach the solution
of the problems which have been imposed
upon his office. If he handles it with too
much hearing and too little wisdom he alien-
ates still more bitterly those elements which
stand at the head of capital and industry
and which, in the final analysis, stand there
only because they have been the ones upon
whose energy, initiative, and skill the vast
mass of the others have depended.

Problem in
Reconciliation

Thus his position with La-
bor is the same as is his posi-
tion with Capital. Both of
these institutions are at the
maximum and zenith of their growth. Both
are tempted with the possibilities of thought-
less excess. The problem of their reconcilia-

tion passes up to him. It calls not only for the
newly created Industrial Peace Commission,
but it demands the incessant alertness of the
President's mind. It demands even that he
shall be shrewd enough to see as quickly be-
neath the errors of Labor's procedures as
does his position with Capital demand that
he shall not be deceived by the panics of
March 13. And tho Labor may threaten to
swing all its forces against him, tho it may
seem to adhere to the theoretic pronounce-
ments of Hearst, or tho it may even appear
likely to be beguiled into such a subservience
of the ends of Mr. Harriman as it gave in
the California gubernatorial contest, the
duty still rests upon him to hold up the hand
of warning, to enforce the decree of better-
ment, and to urge the efforts of corrective
legislation.

Thus, in the field of politics, the President
rises above the rest of his countrymen as
does Mr. Lawson in the field of finance. As
the Bostonian sees more intimately into the
machinations of speculation and of bank
manipulation than does the Executive, so the
latter sees more broadly into the whole rela-
tionship of the component elements of the
country. The one is obliged, by the respon-
sibilities which he has voluntarily assumed,
to devote the fullest part of his strength and
even of his fortune to a campaign which he
thinks will overturn the evils which he sees.
The other, by the responsibilities which he
never sought but which destiny has not al-
lowed him to escape, is obliged to face the
alternative of permitting himself to be named
again for the Presidency or of witnessing the
entire line of policy which he has builded at
so enormous a cost become threatened with
obliteration.

THE PANDEX

593

•Juggling with

IF SENATOR CULLOM HAD HIS WAY.
One Solution of the Railroad Problem. — Adapted from the Indianapolis News.

SEE NEXT PAGE.

594

THE P.A N D E X

BIG MEN IN BIG MANEUVERS

MASTERS OF WALL STREET USE THE STOCK EXCHANGE AS A
PLAYTHING IN A GREAT POLITICO-FINANCIAL GAME-
PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT INVOLVED.

IT requires but a glance at the events of
the stock exchange in recent weeks to dis-
cover the story wliich they contain of deeply
secreted objective and of keen and almost
invincible strategy. So far has the grasp of -
the speculative leaders reached out upon the
factors which constitute stock exchange
manipulation that the general public, or even
the average profession traders, have become
merely involuntary and helpless manikins.
They are bereft of initiative and their efforts.
as a rule, end about where they begin. The
result is that the stock exchange is rapidly
developing into a mere battleground for
fighting out the competitive aspirations of
the financial generals and magnates.

VIOLENT FLURRIES IN STOCKS

Quotations on Wall Street Fall to a New Low
Level, but Subsequently Recover.

For instance, the panic which first began
to manifest itself in the early part of March
was confined, both in its immediate and in
its coordinate effect almost entirely to the
larger interests. Said the New York Herald :

New York, March 9. — This was another excited
day in Wall Street, the stock market throughout
the morning being distinguished by sharp down-
ward and upward movements. During the first
hour the bears distinctly had the better of it,
prices collapsing to new low records amid heavy
liquidation.

In their efforts to cheek the decline the bull
operators were forced to take lots of 10,000
shares of such issues as Pennsylvania and United
States Steel, but a renewed break threw the
speculative interests into fright, and there was
renewed throwing over margined accounts from
all over the country. Certain specialties, such as
Kansas and Texas, Colorado Fuel, Mexican Cen-
tral, and Sugar Refining, ran off abruptly with
losses of one-half point or more between transac-
tions.

In the second hour the market was distinctly
better and recoveries of a point or more were
noted in many stocks. With the recovery the
spirits of Wall Street rose, and it was freely
stated that the heaviest liquidation was over.

During the closing half hour Pennsylvania,
United States Steel, Union Pacific, and other
leading issues seemed to be under fair control.

DOWN WITH A CRASH!

Stock Exchange Values Tumble Tremendously
All Along the Line.
Three or four days after the above inci-
dent, the same restriction of the greater
maneuvers of the exchange to the greater
men of the exchange was exhibited in a most
dramatic manner. Said the Kansas City
Times :

New York, March 13. — Not since the famous
Northern Pacific panic of May 9, 1901, has the
stock exchange experienced such a tumble in prices
as occurred to-day. At times the market was
perilously close to a panic and the conditions
at the close were so unsettled that there was
much fear as to what may happen to-morrow
unless powerful financiers provide measures for
checking the demoralization.

Stocks came out in enormous quantities
throughout the day and the demand at times was
overwhelmed by the terrific selling. It was a
case of forced and precipitous selling without
regard to price. Brokers acted as if the market
might run into complete demoralization any
moment and in their scramble to be rid of stocks
they almost brought on the condition they stood
in fear of. For short periods during the day it
seemed as if the downward course of prices had
been cheeked, but these temporary halts in the
decline were of short duration. Among the more
important declines were : Reading, 12 ; Great
Northern, 12; Northern Pacific, 11; Union Pa-
cific, 11; Copper, 71/2; Canadian Pacific, 71/2;
Northwestern, 7% ; Colorado Fuel, 6% ; Sugar,
6 ; Baltimore & Ohio, 5 ; Brooklyn Transit, 5 ;
Atchison, 5; Smelting, 5; Southern Pacific, 5;
United States Steel Company, 3% ; New York
Central, 3%; Pennsylvania, 33/^. The closing
prices in some cases were one to two points above
the lowest of the day, but the bottom quotation
for Union Pacific and a few others were made
at the last moment of the day's trading.

A Shrinkage of 200 Million Dollars.

The day's declines represent a shrinkage of
fully two hundred million dollars in the market
values of securities listed on the stock exchange

The slump in the market was such as might
have been expected as a result of some startling

THE PANDEX

595

and wholly unlocked for development, but as
a matter of fact there was no specific new con-
dition to account for the remarkable action of
the market. For two days the market had been
rallying after the large declines of last week.
Suddenly there was a complete reversal of sen-
timent, and Wall Street plunged from the op-
timism that has been developing since Saturday

game. The following attests the motive of

the strategy of March 13th. It is described

in the Chicago Tribune :

Washington, D. C. — There is a strong suspicion
in the minds of some people that the panicky
conditions in the New York stock market
were carefully engineered by certain persons for

WALL STREET— "I'M FEELING QUITE WELL, THANK YOU."

— Duluth News-Tribune.

into the deep gloom incidental to a disorderly
and hasty selling movement.

'ROOSEVELT 'CALLS' THE BLUFF"

President Unmoved by Stock Flurry, Suspected
of Being Engineered to Alarm Him.

Naturally enough, when strategies are in
the hands of big men they are played for big

the express purpose of influencing the mind of
the President and of "throwing a scare into the
administration."

But if the Wall Street manipulators have any
idea they can frighten the President by a purely
stock panic they have missed their guess most
woefully. The general railroad and corporation
policy of the administration, it can be asserted
upon good authority, is not in any way depend-
ent on stock market prices. It is more than
likely that the President, in common with a

596

THE PANDEX

good many other men, has no special objection
to seeing the water sqvieezed out of some of the
so-called railroad "securities."

STREET MAD AGAIN WITH JOY

Market Recovers from "Brain Storm" and
Brokers Celebrate with War Dance.
Within two days the flurry and crash
of March 13th had passed, and the "Street"
believed it had cause to rejoice. Said the
Chicago Tribune:

New York.— Wall Street recovered from its
financial "brain storm" and celebrated its
recovery with a wild and spontaneous out-
burst of joy when the gong closed business on
the stock exchange.

Hats were tossed in the air, coats were torn
off and thrown about the room, and the voices
of brokers, though a bit strident and raucous
from the clamorous bids and offers of three
strenuous days, biirst forth in joyful shouts of
acclaim and gratulation.

It was a paeon of self-praise over the sol-
vency of brokerage houses during and after one
of the worst slumps in the history of Wall
Street.

The market has rallied. The twenty statis-
tical railroad stocks which had declined an aver-
age of $7.81 a share on Thursday and $12.82 on
Thursday and Wednesday, had closed at $106.01
a share, an average net gain of $6.30, or almost
half of the total loss of the two days. Wall
Street history had been made anew, as on two
other days of the week, for the opening of the
market had shown an unprecedented advance
over the previous day's closing.

WAS ROOSEVELT PARTY TO IT?

Story Circulated That the President Demanded
That Harriman Be Overthrown.
A stock exchange shock which passes so
quickly necessarily gives rise to extreme
surmises, of which the following, from the
Washington correspondence of the Pittsburg
Dispatch, is an example :

New York.— The Press prints the following
interesting story:

"In the innermost sanctuaries of the great
bankers — the private rooms of the trusted oper-
ators who act for them in the stock market and
the secluded consultation offices of the legal
geniuses who show them how to do things that
will pass the scrutiny of the courts — there were
tensely-whispered rumors this afternoon that, if
verified — the verification depending, according
to this talk, upon the capacity of Wall Street
monarchs to complete their work — will burst

upon the world as the greatest financial sensa-
tion of history.

They were that Harriman had lost, or would
lose, control of the Union Pacific, the Central
Pacific, the Southern Pacific— the whole Union
Pacific system, the greatest in the world — to-
gether with Reading and all his other seizures
of high finance; that J. P. Morgan was the in-
strument of the Harriman overthrow, thus
becoming the railroad Napoleon; that the whole
result was due to President Roosevelt.

A Retrospective Glance.

Here is the extraordinary story from the be-
ginning:

Some weeks ago Mr. Morgan, representing the
alarm of the railroad heads and their banking
affiliations, sent an emissary to the White House
to find out if the President was implacably hos-
tile to the railroads of the country as such, or
if he were disposed to differentiate between the
good managements and the bad.

Mr. Roosevelt's return message was that he
was not making war on railroads as industrial
institutions ; that he was fighting railroads which
persistently and brazenly broke the law; that he
intended to pursue the lawbreakers to the last
ditch; that the duel would never end until it
was proved whether the Government of the
United States could cheek and stop law-
breaking by the railroads or whether they or
any part of them were above the law and the
power of the American people.

"No," Says Roosevelt.
On the understanding that President Roosevelt
was not unappeasably in conflict with all the
railroads, but only with those which defied the
authority of the Government, Mr. Morgan then
requested a personal interview. At this meeting
he assured the President that the wiser presi-
dents of the roads were sensible of the fact that
they were the creatures, not the masters, of the
Government. He declared they were willing to
show that they were amenable to reason and
would be glad to come to an understanding by
which they could seek to satisfy the President
and" the country of their purpose to obey the
law and fulfill other conditions of good citizens.
President Roosevelt answered that this was
not enough.

"What is the matter, then?" asked Mr.
Morgan.

"Harriman!" answered Mr. Roosevelt, grimly.
"He has no conception of what is lawful and
what is unlawful. He has a lawless nature.
He has no moral sense. He is a menace to the
country. Harriman does not know how to come
within the law; he has got to go. The Govern-
ment proposes to follow him up and expose
his dealings and practices against public morality
and business decency until it will be impossible
for him to stand up longer against the storm
of public opinion that will overwhelm him."

Harriman's Fate Sealed.
Thereupon Mr. Morgan asked for time in

THE PANDEX

597

THE PANIC AND THE PEOPLE.

— Chicago Tribune.

598

THE PANDEX

which to consult with Stillman or the Rocke-
feller interests in the First National Bank and
other financial leaders.

Out of this conferring grew a plan for the
appeasing of the President to get rid of Har-
riman as the dominant factor in the United
States, taking away his vast Union Pacific sys-
tem, or, at least, to weaken his control so largely
that he would be at the mercy of other railway
interests rather than they at his.

Other consultations were held with President
Roosevelt, and it was promised that in lieu of
unrelenting war on the railroad situation his
alternative of getting rid of Harriman would
be attempted.

Again he was warned that even this program
must cause so violent a disturbance in the stock
market that there would be great danger of
panic and widespread failure. He was informed
that the bankers and railroad interests that had
undertaken to wrest control of Harriman 's rail-
road would be compelled to smash the market
for Harriman 's securities. This would inevit-
ably drag down other stocks in the confusion and
"mystery" of the speculative earthquake.

The anti-Harriman syndicate has arranged to
help out banks, brokers, and others who might
be hit by the slaughter of values, but the fall
probably would be so far and abrupt that the
Treasury Department would need to lend assist-
ance as in times past.

FAILED IN THEIR PLOT

Morgan's Efforts to Crush Harriman Reported
to Have Been Defeated.
Some confirmation is loaned to the infer-
ences of the dispatch above quoted by the
following from the Detroit Journal :

New York. — The American says: The Mor-
gan-Hill combination in Wall Street has made a
gigantic failure of its attempt to destroy the
power of E. H. Harriman in the railroad world.

After a battle that passed through panic Har-
riman not only retains his position, but, accord-
ing to his intimate friends, has made perhaps
$20,000,000 out of the struggle. The Morgan
people are loudly proclaiming their victory and
his ruin, but it begins to look as though the
vast blocks of stock which the Morgan people
■ have captured came from investors in all parts
of the world who were frightened into unload-
ing with cruel losses. Mr. Harriman himself
says he has not sold any stock recently and
that he and his associates stand closer together
than ever.

Harriman is said to have sold all his Union
Pacific and most of his Southern Pacific imme-

diately after declaring the sensational dividends
on those stocks last autumn — sold and borrowed
for delivery. In smashing the stock market his
enemies have apparently multiplied his profits
on the short side and enabled him to buy at
panic prices the stocks he liquidated at the top
of the wave.

Never before in the history of financial mar-
kets have so many powerful men allied them-
selves in a pool as in the attack on Harriman.
Andrew Carnegie was called from his retire-
ment and brought tens of millions in cash as
ammunition. John S. Kennedy, white-haired
and feeble in body but a colossus in high finance,
was also brought into the battle. D. Willis
James, the quiet but mighty copper king, came
also. J. H. Millbank, the money king whose
power is known only to a Tew of the great ones
in Wall Street, was drafted for service. J. P.
Morgan, through his remarkable lieutenant,
Thomas F. Ryan, arranged the plan of campaign,
and to George F. Baker, president of the
First National Bank, was entrusted the delicate
matter of financing the enterprise.

The furious selling commenced. Morgan
sailed for Europe, leaving his orders without a
possibility of change. Certified checks for mil-
lions were drawn on the Rockefeller-Harriman
banks, tying up the funds. Yet when the panic
was over Harriman had loaded up with thou-
sands of shares at bargain prices.

GIVES "400" TASTE OF POVERTY

Society Leaders in New York Facing Penury
as Result of Losses on the Market.
Nothing, probably, could better indicate
the extent to which the stock exchange has
passed away from the sphere of the general
public than the following from the Chicago
Tribune :

New York.— That members of the "400"
were caught heavily in the recent slump in stock
values was stated in the Wall Street dis-
trict on good authority. The aggregate losses
of one group of young society men and women
have been conservatively placed at $20,000,000.

The head of a family whose ancestor was
founder of one of the greatest railroad systems
ill the country is said to have been 100,000
shares long on Union Pacific. His loss in this
stock alone is over $3,000,000. A woman member
of the Vanderbilt family is said to be a heavy
loser. A close friend of the young railroad
man, also a society leader, is said to have been
almost "broke" in last Thursday's crash. He
has since sold his new seventy-mile-an-hour auto-
mobile to get ready cash, and now is reported
to have put his Tuxedo villa on the market.

The rush into the market of Thomas F. Ryan
is said to have been principally to save from
absolute ruin the first-named society speculator.

THE PANDEX

599

That he was successful is said to have been due
only to rapid manipulation of large blocks of
Interborough and Consolidated Gas.

Society Women Face Penury.

That society was hit hard by the crash did
not become known until its members began to
negotiate their old line securities. Women, re-

TREASURY AND WALL STREET

How the Bankers of New York Put Pressure
Upon Secretary Cortelyou.
While it was generally understood that the
"rich men's panic" was devised for the ex-
press purpose of intimidating the President

— New York Times.

ported to have been drawn into speculation
through their male relatives, are said to have
been the tools of big financiers.

According to another story put out by one
of the news agencies, the losses of three pos-
sessors of large inherited wealth alone aggre-
gated $20,000,000. However excessive the esti-
mate seems, it appears to be widely believed the
losses of one man, often referred to, exceeded
$6,000,000.

in his course toward the railroads and the
corporations, the persons who directed the
panic did not scruple to make their custom-
ary appeal to the Government for its mone-
tary aid. Said the Philadelphia Press :

New York, March 28. — -When the members of
the Union League Club were, in cordial pro-
cession, passing in front of the Ambassador from

600

THE PANDEX

Great Britain, Mr. Bryce, on Monday evening,
paying him sincere tributes of regard, which his
diplomatic honors and his literary career justify,
he could not have known that a score or more
of those who thus greeted him had in mind a
most earnest conference, informal but yet sig-
nificant, which was to be held after the cere-
monial reception and supper were ended. For it
occurred to those members of this club who are
of the banking world, and some of them are of
high authority in that world, that the occasion
of that meeting gave good opportunity for com-
parison of views with respect to the financial
situation.

Some of them recalled earlier conferences held
in that place. Some were also to speak from
memory of the momentous meeting of General
Grant, when he was President, with the bankers
of New York and with others of high authority
in that place, so that he might get from them
a good understanding of their views as to the
expediency of reissuing the greenbacks which
had been withheld in the Treasury for some
years, and also as to the expediency of proposed
legislation whereby an irredeemable paper cur-
rency would be issued by the Government.

Perhaps no other gathering within this club
home which had for its purpose a comparison
of views with respect to the financial situation
has ever been held since that one with General
Grant that was of such consequence and occa-
sioned by such real concern as was the almost
midnight-hour consultation of Monday at this
club. Of course, there can be no detailed report
of what was said or any identification of those
who took part in that conference. Conferences
of that kind are protected by club ethics, which
imjwse confidences. But it can be reported that
no important disagreement of view as to the situ-
ation and as to the imperative necessity that
something be done which might aid in restoring
confidence was disclosed. All spoke of the situ-
ation was somewhat critical, but all believed that
with tactfulness, with wise discretion on the
part of those who control the great banking in-
stitutions and with some cessation from accusa-
tion, criticism, and reproach, and especially some
postponement of any study of the causes which
have produced these conditions, then it is rea-
sonable to hope that there would come a restora-
tion of confidence. As soon as impaired con-
fidence becomes healthful confidences, then
impaired credit ceases to prevail, and reasonable
credit takes its place. And it is in the main
upon credit that the entire business community,
industrial, agricultural, and banking, must be
established.

A conference of that kind could be of no
avail unless some agreement with respect to
action was reached, and there was unanimous

decision that the bankers of New York, national,
state, and those of trust institutions, should
unite, not in the preparation of a round robin
petition, but nevertheless in individual and
coincident action so that the Secretary of the
Treasury might be authoritatively informed of
what prevailing opinion here in this city is.

There was agreement that upon Tuesday every
banker who found himself in sympathy — and
nearly all were — with this proposed action should
communicate with the Secretary of the Treasury
so as to persuade him to take immediately cer-
tain steps which in any event he would take
some time in the spring. .

Therefore, upon Tuesday morning communi-
cations were sent by wire to the Secretary of the
Treasury, each worded according to the ability
for terse expression or emphatic utterance of
opinion of every writer of the dispatches. But
the substance of these communications was as
follows: "I am fii-mly convinced that the situ-
ation now prevailing in New York and elsewhere
is such as to justify apprehension that mercan-
tile and manufacturing business may be some-
what affected by it and possibly seriously.
Therefore, I urge that if the Secretary of the
Treasury has in mind certain action which might
tend to restore confidence, this action be taken
immediately, for there is every need that con-
fidence be at once restored. ' ' There must have
been as many communications of that kind sent
by wire to the Secretary of the Treasury as there
are members of the Clearing House Association.

These communications must have reached
Secretary Cortelyou before 10 o'clock on Tues-
day morning. All of them contained either out-
spoken or clearly intimated expressions of entire
confidence in the discretion and ability of the
Secretary of the Treasury, who came into author-
ity at a time of some financial peril. Of course,
it was inevitable that the announcement that
came from Washington just before noon, which
was in many respects in perfect accord with the
appeal made to the Secretary, was believed to be
the answer of Secretary Cortelyou to those who
had spoken for the mercantile and manufacturing
community.

LAWSON EXPOSES THE PLOT

Boston Financier, in an Advertisement, Alleges
That the Panic Was Artificial.

When the climax of the speculative situa-
tion had been passed and the explanations
of its origin were becoming numerous, the
watchful and penetrating mind of Mr. Law-
son printed in the principal papers of

THE PANDEX 601

Europe and caused to be reproduced in the the United States the following extraor-
principal papers of the eastern portion of dinary series of statements :

BACK IN AMERICA

Chucked Over."

Even the lambs can buy "Americans" with impunity for a few
days.

The financial coup of the age was pulled off last week.

Incidentally the President of the United States was given an
object lesson in Frenzied Finance — in its unexploited possibilities.

Times were prosperous — agitation in the interests of the people
held the center of the stage.

There were in the treasuries of certain railroads hundreds of
millions of dollars' worth of stocks of other railroads.

Railroads being owned by investors, the contents of their treas-
uries were the property of such investors.

I'he controllers of the railroads with the bulging treasuries — the
"System" — the Frenzied Financiers — would have parted with all
hope of salvation for a safe opportunity to acquire for themselves
at hundreds of millions less than their actual worth the hundreds of
millions of railroad stocks held by them as trustees.

Even Frenzied Finance has limitations — the Frenzied financiers,
much as they coveted these stocks, never dreamed of "lifting" them
for their personal benefit.

The attempt would entail more danger than even Frenzied Finan-
ciers dared court.

Right here the President of the United States raised his big stick
— big in head-cracking possibilities — tiny in acquaintanceship with
Frenzied Financiers and Frenzied Finance — and in the presence of
eighty millions of applauding free men ordered the "System" to
"chuck over" the contents of the railroad treasuries.

'Tis said there is a large crack in the walls and across the ceiling
of "Standard Oil" King Rogers's private office at 26 Broadway — it
was not there the other day — the day just previous to the one when
King Rogers listened to Prince Harriman, and they both laughed.

The day following the one on which the walls at 26 Broadway
cracked to allow the great and prolonged laughs to find vent. Prince
Harriman went upon the Inter-State Commission's witness rack.

That day was an anxious one for the "System" — suppose the
Commission divined Prince Harriman 's game and refused to allow

602 THE P AND EX

him to advertise to the world the "System's" alibi — the abili
which, after the crash, was to show that the "System" didn't do
it — that "Standard Oil" didn't do it — that Prince Harriman didn't
do it.

The on-the-rack day was over — and won. Prince Harriman, with
a histrionic ability which would have made the tragedians of old and
the comedians of new look like Mrs. Jarley's Waxarenos, played to
the gallery, to the pit, and to the house, until, when the curtain was
rung down, it was the unanimous verdict of the American people
those railroad treasuries must be "chucked over."

The treasuries were "chucked over.

Hundreds of millions of railroad stocks which week before last
were owned by the people are now owned by the "System" — at hun-
dreds of millions less than they were worth — hundreds- of millions
less than they will sell for in a few days.

Down at 26 Broadway, the "System's" home, there will be more
laughing-vent cracks in the wall when the King and Prince talk it
over — when the Prince recounts how he put afloat the story of a
break with "Standard Oil"; of a row with Kuhn, Loeb; of his ex-
hausted margins and his slaughtered accounts — put them afloat at
just the time they were most needed to demoralize prices for the mar-
keting of the to-be "chucked over" treasury contents — when the
King tells how, just at the right moment, when it was becoming
difficult to give away stocks, the worst breaking ones in the lot were
Amalgamated Copper and other "Standard Oil" pets and "The
Harrimans. ' '

It is over now — the coup of the age has been jigged to a marble-
ized finish — the long-delayed order peals forth, "On with the danee."
"Let joy — spell it with a 'gooy' — be unconfined."

Thus it is that even the lambs can buy Americans with impunity
—for a few days— St. Paul and Union Pacific for 200, Reading for
160, Amalgamated for 160, and the rest for trust-us-to-keep-step
prices.

In the meantime the telephone between the tents of that greatest
general of Frenzied Financiers and the fiercest " your-commands-
are-obeyed" Prince, ting-e-lings every hour throughout the day and
throughout the night with the merry message, "Is there anything
else the President wants 'chucked over'?"

THOMAS W. LAWSON.

NOTES.

1. A few days before the panic Henry H. Rogers, King of
"Standard Oil" and ruler of the "System," borrowed $10,000,000
for one of his railroads, giving short-time notes, carrying six per
cent direct and trimmings up to seven and one-half per cent annual

THE P AND EX

603

^ooooooooooooooo OQ ooo a ■ooooaooo ooootoooooooooo a a

■^ :• ■:• •:> •;■ o •:• •:• ■ j ■:• ■;• o <• v •:• •:• o o o o <• o o * o c- •:< •:• o o ■;• osi o •:• •:• c> o o o o o o o o o •? o o •:• o o

'YOU CAN LEAD A HORSE TO WATER, BUT YOU CAN'T MAKE HIM DRINK."

— New York American.

604

THE PANDEX

THE PRESIDENT-

'You Keep on Sawing an 1 I'll Take Care of the Fellow with the Fit.'

— Detroit Journal.

interest. The notes were gilt-edge — they carried King Rogers's per-
sonal indorsement in addition to a deposit of $30,000,000 of collat-
eral security. King Rogers caused the fact that he had borrowed
at such disastrous rates to be advertised throughout the world.

2. The panic raged for two days, and yet not a word of encour-
agement from a prominent "System" Frenzied Financier. Instead,
undenied stories were passed from mouth to mouth by the "Sys-
tem's" prominent agents that "Standard Oil" had broken with
Prince Harriman; that Kuhn, Loeb had called all of his accounts,
and that ttie deluge of St. Paul, Union Pacific, Atchison, Southern
Pacific, Southern Railway, and Reading was Harriman being sold
out.

3. .When the panic was at its height, just before the close Thurs-
day, there came a deluge of Amalgamated at fifteen points (95-80)
lower than the then low price (115-95), with a report that this was
proof "Standard Oil" was overboard.

4. At the close Thursday the losses ran into so many hundreds
of millions as to make it impossible for a. third of the prominent
New York, Boston, and Philadelphia houses to pull through — if the
losses were those of individuals. Thursday night many prominent
houses were preparing assignment papers — three in Boston — when
the word was given, "The coup is complete — and over."

5. Not an American house failed.

6. Friday, after stocks had recovered fifteen points, all the '
prominent "System" Frenzied Financiers loudly told the "good
stories." Prince Harriman in the press of America and Great
Britain "laughed at the absurdity of the panic yarns."

7. New York Stock Exchange broker sold for four prominent
houses hundreds of thousands of shares of Southern Pacific. Atchi-
son, St. Paul, Union Pacific, Reading, and other rails. THE CER-
TIFICATES TURNED OVER TO HIM FOR DELIVERY ARE
NEW, UNPINHOLED, AND UNCREASED.

THE PANDEX

605

-Adapted from New York Times.

OPEN WARFARE DECLARED

PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT BRANDS MR. HARRIMAN AS A FALSIFIER

AND HARRIMAN ANSWERS IN THE SAME SPIRIT.— CONFLICT

OF MAGNITUDE IS THREATENED.

WHILE the stock exchange maneuvers
of the month of March would be suf-
ficient in themselves to foreshadow some
serious conflict between the leaders of the
exchanges and the Administration at Wash-
ington, there were forthcoming early in
April the following extraordinary develop-
ments to give further credence to the
thought that a warfare of more than surface
depth has been begun. Moreover, the warfare
is obviously between the man of state and
the man of trade. It is a warfare based, es-
sentially, upon the difference between the
moral concepts of business and those of

civics. And its result may well be expected
to have its influence upon the entire future
course of American liistory:

DOESN'T SCARE THE PRESIDENT

Wants Railroads to Understand Wall Street
Moves Won't Stay Him.

The rich men's panic was scarcely in full
force before it was made known from Wash-
ington that the President was fully aware of
the purpose of the operation and that it car-
ried no threat of which he felt any reason
to be afraid. Said the Pittsburg Dispatch's
Washington representative :

606

THE PANDEX

Washington, D. C. — It is the opinion of Presi-
dent Roosevelt that he has nothing to do with
the stock market. If stocks go up, well and
good; if they decline, it is nothing to him in his
official capacity. If these fluctuations are due
to moves by him to have the law enforced, the
blame lies on the men who have given the ap-
pearance of doing evil.

If he ever issues a statement relative to his
intentions with respect to the railroads, it will
be issued not because of its effect upon the
stock market, but because there may be a lack
of information to which those affected may be
justly entitled.

The foregoing is the substance of what the
President said to a big crowd of newspaper men
who went to the White House when conditions
in Wall Street bordered on panic. Although con-
versations between the President and callers are
supposed to be confidential, a local paper
printed the substance of the interview.

It must necessarily have an effect on the mar-
ket when trading is resumed, because, in
effect, it is notice to the financiers who have
been reorganizing railroads that there is no like-
lihood of the administration staying its hand in
the matter of further inquiry into their doings,
even if panic conditions do prevail on Wall
Street.

VIEWS REMAIN THE SAME

Roosevelt Refuses to Make Speech in Illinois
Because He Has Nothing New to Say.

Furthermore, the President believed that he
saw in the efforts to get him either to modify
his known views on railroad regulation or
to reiterate his old ones, a mere plot to make
further trickery with stock valuations; and
when he was urged to deliver a speech in
Illinois, he replied along the lines indicated
in the following from the Chicago Tribune :

Washington, D. C. — President Roosevelt wrote
to C. H. Smith of Aurora, 111., president of the
Illinois Manufacturers' Association, formally
declining the invitation of that organization to
speak at Springfield on the industrial situation.

In his letter to Mr. Smith the President says
that the more he has thought over the associ-
ation's representations the stronger is his con-
clusion that there is nothing for him to say.
That being the case, he does not intend to make
a special occasion on which to deliver a special
address, which would be merely a repetition of
what he has frequently said in the past. The
President refers Mr. Smith to the speech he
made at Raleigh, N. C, on October 19, 1905, and
that he delivered to a delegation of railroad
employees' orders at the White House on Novem-
ber 14 following, and to his annual message of
December 5, 1905, and December 7, 1906.

"Since I made these speeches and wrote those
messages," the President observes, "the mat-
ters that have occurred in the financial world
merely show the wisdom of what I then advo-
cated, and I have at the moment nothing to
add to what was contained in the speeches and
messages. ' '

It has been only after serious consideration
that the President determined to decline the in-
vitation of the Illinois Manufacturers' Associ-
ation. It was learned afterward that he
had gone so far as to dictate a speech to deliver
at Springfield, but when he sat down to revise it
the tone was familiar, and turning to the
speeches and messages referred to in his letter
to Mr. Smith he found that everything he wanted
to say had been stated therein.

Moreover, the President has no intention of
becoming a creature of Wall Street. He does not
propose to be driven by every flurry in the
financial market to the stump for the purpose
of restoring confidence in stocks. It may be
authoritatively stated that under no conditions
will he speak to meet a temporary emergency
in the market. When he does speak it will be
on matters of permanent public policy, present-
ing the views he held in 1905, which he holds
to-day and which he will hold a year hence.

PRESIDENT GIVES HARRIMAN LIE

Roosevelt Says the Statement That He Asked
Funds Is "Wilfully False."

As if it were not enough that he should
have so clearly made known his intention
of remaining fast to his announced princi-
ples, the President, as will be seen by the
following from the Associated Press and the
Chicago Record-Herald, deemed it best to
"take the bull by the horns" without further
delay and let the public know where the
heart of his difficulties was to be found :

Washington. — "Mr. Harriman's statement is
a deliberate and willful untruth — by right it
should be characterized by an even shorter and
more ugly word. I never requested Mr. Harri-
man to raise a dollar for the presidential cam-
paign of 1904."

In these words President Roosevelt replied to
the letter, written in December, 1905, by E. H.
Harriman to Sidney Webster of New York and
published recently for the first time.

This letter, in substance, declared that Mr.
Roosevelt had called Harriman to him during
the campaign of 1904, when the result in New
York was in doubt, and had asked him to raise
$250,000 to save the State. This, Mr. Harriman
said, he agreed to do on the promise of the
President that Depew should be appointed

THE PANDEX

607

ambassador to France to get him out of the
Senate. The money was raised, Mr. Harriman
said in the letter, he contributing $50,000 him-
self, but after the election the President refused
to give Depew the foreign post.

Letter Causes a Stir.
The publication of this letter created a great
stir here. It reached the White House early

In the dictated statement the President said:
"After writing these letters to Congressman
Sherman the President was assured that Mr.
Harriman had not made the statements which
Mr. Sherman credited him with making. Inas-
much as the same statements appear in the
major part of the letter of Mr. Harriman, now
published, the President deems it proper that

THE HOME COMING.

i^ ^^f

-Detroit Journal.

and the effect was manifest at once. In the
morning the President called in the newspaper
correspondents and dictated to them a statement
regarding the matter, and, aside from that, used
some forceful language in declaring the state-
ments credited to Mr. Harriman were false in
every particular.

In addition to the brief dictated statement,
the President made public two letters written to
Representative Sherman of New York in Octo-
ber, 1906, which explained his position fully.

the letters he sent to Congresman Sherman last
October shall now themselves be made public."

Denial Is Complete.

In the first letter reference is made to a con-
versation between Mr. Harriman and Mr. Sher-
man, which was repeated to the President, in
which Mr. Harriman is said to have given as a
reason for his personal dislike for the President,
partly the latter 's determination to have the
railroads supervised and partly the alleged fact

608

THE PANDEX

that, after promising Mr. Harriman to appoint
Senator Depew ambassador to France, the Presi-
dent failed to do it.

"And," continues the President, "I under-
stood you to say that he alleged that I made
this promise at a time when he had come down
to see me in Washington, when I requested him
to raise $250,000 for the Republican presidential
campaign which was then on."

It appears from the conversation repeated to
the President that Mr. Sherman had gone to Mr.
Harriman to ask him for a contribution for the
campaign. The President says that JIarriman
also urged him to promise to make Mr. Depew
ambassador because this would help Governor
Odell by pleasing certain big financial interests.
The President said he informed Mr. Harriman
that he did not believe it would be possible to
appoint Mr. Depew, and, furthermore, expressed
his surprise at Harriman 's saying that the men
representing the big financial interests of New
York wished the appointment made inasmuch as
a number of them had written asking that the
place be given to Mr. Hyde.

Steps Aside for Hyde.

Mr. Harriman, on learning Mr. Hyde was a
candidate, hastily said that he did not wish to
be understood as antagonizing him and would be
quite willing to support him. The President
says that although he understood that Harriman
still preferred Mr. Depew, he left a strong im-
pression that he would be almost as well satisfied
with Hyde. Some correspondence is then given
between the President and Mr. Harriman, from
which it appears that on October 10 the Presi-
dent said to Mr. Harriman that in view of the
trouble over the state ticket in New York he
would like to have a few words with him. Later
on October 14, is a letter to Mr. Harriman in
which the President says that a suggestion has
come to him in a roundabout way that Mr. Har-
riman did not think it wise to come in the closing
weeks of the campaign. The President told Mr.
Harriman if he thought there was any danger
of his visit causing trouble to give it up. Here
the President in his letter to Mr. Sherman says:

"You will see that this letter is absolutely
incompatible with any theory that I was asking
Mr. Harriman to come down to see me in my
own interest."

Incloses Second Letter.

The President incloses another letter from Mr.
Harriman in his communication to Mr. Sher-
man, which, he says, shows that Harriman did
not have in his mind "any idea of my asking
him to collect money."

Then follows some correspondence with Mr.
Harriman touching, among other things, on the
question of railroad matters and what the Presi-
dent might have to say to Congress on the sub-
ject of the Interstate Commerce Commission.
The President said he was unable to agree with
Mr. Harriman 's views on the matter and left
his message to Congress unchanged as regards
the Interstate Commerce Law.

"So much for what Mr. Harriman said about

me personally," says the President in conclud-
ing his first letter to Mr. Sherman. Far more
important, the President regards the additional
remarks which Mr. Sherman said Mr. Harriman
made to him when he asked him if he thought it
was well to see "Hearstism and the like" tri-
umphant over the Republican party.

"You," says the President, "inform me that
he told you that he did not care in the least,
because those people were crooks and he could
buy them," and other similar remarks. This, the
President says, was doubtless partly in boastful
cynicism and partly in a burst of bad temper,
but it showed in the President's opinion a cyni-
cism and deep-seated corruption which he de-
nounces in strong words.

Text of First Letter.

The text of the President's first letter to Mr.
Sherman, dated October 8, 1906, is as follows:

' ' Since you left this morning I succeeded in
getting hold of the letters to which I referred,
and I sent you a copy of Governor Odell 's letter
to me of December 10, 1904.

"As I am entirely willing that you should
show this letter to Mr. E. H. Harriman, I shall
begin by repeating what you told me he said
to you on the occasion last week when you went
to ask him for a contribution to the campaign.
You informed me that he then expressed great
dissatisfaction with me and said, in effect, that
so long as I was at the head of the Republican
party, or as it was dominated by the policies
which 1 advocated and represent, he would not
support it, and was quite indifferent whether
Hearst beat Hughes or not, whether the Demo-
crats carried Congress or not.

"He gave as a reason for his personal dislike
of me partly my determination to have the rail-
roads supervised, and partly the alleged fact
that after promising him to appoint Depew am-
bassador to France I failed to do it; and, I un-
derstood you to say, that he alleged that I made
this promise at a time when he had come down
to see me in Washington, when I requested him
to raise $250,000 for the Republican presiden-
tial campaign which was then on.
Calls It an Untruth.

"Any such statement is a deliberate and will-
ful untruth — by rights it should be characterized
by an even shorter and more ugly word. I never
requested Mr. Harriman to raise a dollar for
the presidential campaign of 1904. On the con-
trary, our communications as regards the cam-
paign related exclusively to the fight being made
against Mr. Higgins for governor of New York,
Mr. Harriman being immensely interested in the
success of Mr. Higgins because he regarded the
attack on Higgins as being really an attack on
him, Mr. Harriman, and on his friend. Governor
Odell ; and he was concerned only in getting me
to tell Mr. Cortelyou to aid Mr. Higgins so far
as he could, which I gladly did.

"He also (I think more than once) urged me-
to promise to make Senator Depew ambassador
to France, giving me in detail the reasons why
this would help Governor Odell by pleasing cer-

THE PANDEX

609

"I DO NOT CARE TO CONTINUE THIS CONTROVERSY."— E. H. HARRIMAN.

— New York World.

610

THE PANDEX

tain big financial interests. I informed him that
I did not believe it would be possible for me
to appoint Mr. Depew, and furthermore ex-
pressed my surprise at his saying that the men
representing the big financial interests of New
Yoirk wished that appointment made, inasmuch
as a number of them had written to me asking
that the same place be given to Mr. Hyde, and
that as a matter of fact, while I was not pre-
pared to announce any decison, I doubted
whether I could appoint either Mr. Depew or
Mr. Hyde to the place.

Agrees to Hyde.

"As soon as Mr. Hai'riman heard that Mr.
Hyde was a candidate and had asked the names
of his backers, he hastily said that he did not
wish to be understood as antagonizing Mr. Hyde
and would be quite willing to support him, and
though I understood that he still preferred Mr.
Depew, he left me strongly under the impres-
sion that he would be almost as well satisfied
with Mr. Hyde, and was much discontented at
my informing him so positively, not once but
repeatedly that I did not think I should be able
to appoint either.

"His and my letters, now before me, of the
fall of 1904, run as follows: 'On his return
from spending the summer in Europe, on Sep-
tember 20 he wrote to me stating that if I
thought it desirable he would come to see me at
any time, either then or later (he had been, as
you remember, a delegate to the Republican
national convention, having voted for my nomi-
nation). On September 23 I answered this letter,
saying :

" 'At present there is nothing for me to see
you about, though there were one or two points
in my letter of acceptance which I should have
liked to discuss with you before putting it out.'

Asks Him to Dine.

"On October 10 I wrote him: 'In view of the
trouble over the state ticket in New York, I
should much like to have a few words with you.
Do you think you can get down here within a
few days and take either lunch or dinner with
me?'

"The trouble I spoke of had reference to the
bolt against Higgins — that is, in reality, against
Mr. Harriman and Mr. Harriman's friend. Gov-
ernor Odell. A reference to the files of the New
York papers at that time will show that there
was a very extensive bolt against Mr. Higgins
upon the ground that Governor Odell had nomi-
nated him and that he had in some matters
favored Mr. Harriman overmuch — neither
ground, in my judgment, being tenable.

"Mr. Harriman's backing of Governor Odell
and extreme willingness that he showed by secur-
ing Higgins 's election was a matter of common
notoriety and mentioned in all the papers, nota-
bly in the New York Sun. On October 12 Mr.
Harriman wrote me :

" 'I am giving a very large part of my time
to correcting the trouble here, and intend to do
so if any effort on my part can accomplish it.

I will take occasion the first of next
week to run down to see you and think by that
time the conditions jvill have improved.'

Suggests a Postponement.

"I wrote Mr. Harriman the following letter,
which I give in full :

" 'A suggestion has come to me in a round-
about way that you do not think it wise to come
on to see me in these closing weeks of the cam-
paign, but that you are reluctant to refuse, in-
as much as I have asked you. Now, my dear sir,
you and I are practical men, and you are on the
ground and know the conditions better than I
do. If you think there is any danger of your
visit to me causing trouble, or if you think there
is nothing special I should be informed about,
or no matter in which I could give aid, why, of
course, give up the visit for the time being, -and
then a few weeks hence, before I write my mes-
sage, I shall get you to come down to discuss cer-
tain government matters not connected with the
campaign. '

"You will see that this letter is absolutely in-
compatible with any theory that I was asking
Mr. Harriman to come down to see me in my
own interest, or intended to make any request
of any kind for help from him. On the con-
trary, all I was concerned with in seeing him
was to know if I could be of help in insuring the
election of Mr. Higgins — a man for whom I had
the highest respect, and who I believed would be,
as in fact he has been, a most admirable Gov-
ernor.

No Question of Money.

"Moreover, the following letter will show that
Mr. Harriman did not have in his mind any idea
of my asking him to collect money, and that on
the contrary what he -vyas concerned with in
connection with my letter to him was the allu-
sion made to the fact that I would like to see
him before I wrote my message to discuss cer-
tain government matters not connected with the
campaign. His letter, which is of November 30,
runs as follows :

" 'I just have had a telephone talk with Mr.
Loeb and requested him to give you a message
from me. I drew his attention to the last para-
graph of your letter to me of October 14 last,
and explained that of course that I did not want
to make a trip to Washington unless it should be
necessary; that the only matter I knew of and
about which I had any apprehension, and which
might be referred to in your coming message to
Congress, is that regarding the Interstate Com-
merce Commission, and what the attitude of the
railroads should be toward it.

" 'I have communications from many conser-
vative men in the West, asking me to take the
matter up, they having, which I have not, in-
formation as to what you propose to say in your
message on that subject, and I am very appre-
hensive about it.

" 'Mr. Loeb said he believed that that part of
the message could be sent to me, and I hope that

THE P AND EX

611

A WALL STREET COXEY'S ARMY.

-New York World

612

THE PANDEX

SYDNEY R. WEBSTER.

Friend to Whom E. H. Harriman Wrote Letter

Causing Roosevelt Dispute.

— St. Louis Globe Democrat.

he will do so. I sincerely believe it would be best
for all interests that no reference be made to
the subject, and in any event, if referred to, in
such a way as not to bring about increased agita-
tion. It is, as you well know, the conservative
element, and the one on which we all rely, which
is the most seldom heard from. '

Crossed by His Letter.

"This letter to me was crossed by one from
me, which reads as follows:

" 'Mr. Loeb tells me that you called me up
io-day on the telephone and recalled my letter
to you of October 14, in which I spoke to you of
a desire to see you before sending in my message,
as I wanted to go over with you certain govern-
mental matters, and you added that you had
heard that I had referred to the Interstate Com-
merce Commission ; that you regretted this and
wished I had left it out. In writing to you I
had in view, especially, certain matters connected
with the currency legislation, and had not thought
of discussing railroad matters with you.

" 'However, if it had occurred to me, I should

have been delighted to do so; but if you remem-
ber when you were down here both you and I
were so interested in certain of the New York
political developments that I hardly, if at all,
touched on governmental matters. As regards
what I have said in my message about the In-
terstate Commerce Commission, while I say, I
should have been delighted to go over it with
you, I also must frankly say that my mind was
definitely made up. Certain revelations con-
nected with the investigation of the beef trust
caused me to write the paragraph in question.
I went with extreme care over the information
in possession of the Interstate Commerce Com-
mission and of the Bureau of Corporations be-
fore writing it.

" 'I then went over the written paragraph
again and again with Paul Morton, who is, of all
my Cabinet, the man most familiar with railroad
matters of course, and with Root, Knox, Taft,
and Moody. It is a matter I had been carefully
considering for two years, and had been gradu-
ally, though reluctantly, coming to the conclu-
sion that it is unwise and unsafe for me to leave
the question of rebates where it now is, and to
fail to give the Interstate Commerce Commission
additional power of an effective kind in regulating
these rates.

Other Matters Uppermost.

" 'Let me repeat that I did not have this ques-
tion in mind when I asked you to come down,
but that I should most gladly have talked it over
with you if it had occurred to me to do so; but
as a matter of fact, as you will remember, when
you did come down to see me, you and I were
both so engaged in the New York political situa-
tion that we talked of little else, and finally that
the position I have taken has not been taken light-
ly, but after thinking over the matter and look-
ing at it from different standpoints for at least
two years, and after the most careful consulta-
tion with Morton, Taft, Moody, Knox, and Root,
as to the exact phraseology I should use.

" 'I do not send you a copy simply because I
have given no one a copy — not even the men
above mentioned. It is impossible, if I give out
the copies of any portion of my message, to pre-
vent the message being known in advance ; and the
three press associations who now have the mes-
sage are under a heavy penalty not to disclose a
word of it before the appointed time.'

Quotes Harriman 's Reply.

"On December 2 he wrote me the following
letter on the same subject :

" 'Thank you for your favor of the 30th. It
was natural for me to suppose that railroad mat-
ters would be included in any discussion you and
I might have before writing your message. I am
of the opinion that an effective Interstate Com-
merce Commission could regulate the matter of

THE P AND EX

613

rebates and absolutely prevent the same, without
any additional power of any kind, and, as you say,
Paul Morton is more familiar with such matters
than anyone else in your Cabinet, and I believe
he will agree with me in this. I fear there has
been a lack of co-operation.

"'During the enormous development of the

as to give the increased and better service re-
quired by them. This work of betterment and
enlargement must go on, and is all important for
the proper development of all sections of the
country.

" 'There is little doubt that during the next
decade every single track railroad in the country

OUTCAST.

-Philadelphia North American,

last four years the railroads have found it very will have to be double-tracked and provide en-
hard to keep pace with the requirements im- larged terminal and other facilities, and any move
posed upon them, and the so-called surplus earn- that will tend to cripple them financially would
ings, as well as additional capital, have been be detrimental to all interests over the whole
devoted to providing additional facilities and the country,
bettering and enlarging of their properties, so " 'I beg that you will pardon ifly not signing

614

THE PANDEX

this personally, as I have to leave to catch my
train for Arden and have asked my secretary
to sign it for me.'

Message Is Unchanged.

"I was unable to agree with Mr. Harriman's
views of the matter, and left my message un-
changed as regards the interstate commerce
law. (The rough draft of this portion of the
message was completed in October, before the
election.) I had always discussed with freedom
all my proposed moves in the trust and labor
matters with the representatives of the big com-
binations or big railroads, as well as with the
leaders of the labor men, of the farmers' or-
ganizations, the shippers' organizations and the
like — that is, I had as freely seen and communi-
cated with Mr. Harriman, Mr. Morgan, Mr. Hill,
and other railroad men as I had seen and com-
municated with Mr. Gompers, Mr. Keefe, Mr.
Morrissey, Mr. Morrison, and other labor lead-
ers.

"Mr. Harriman had, like most of the big rail-
road men, always written me, very strongly pro-
testing against my proposed course as regards
the supervision and control over big combina-
tions, and especially over the big railroads. In
a letter of his of August 19, 1902, for instance,
he expressed the fear that a panic would follow
my proposed action.

"It will be seen that the above correspondence
is entirely incompatible with what Mr. Harriman
now, as you inform me, alleges as to my hav-
ing asked him to secure money or to subscribe
money for the Presidential campaign.

Odell Changes Mind.

"As for the Depew matter, he professed
throughout to be acting in the interest of Gov-
ernor Odell, and though Governor Odell had been
anxious that Mr. Depew should be nominated
as Ambassador to France at a time when he
was supporting Governor Black for Senator, he
had changed his mind shortly after the last let-
ter to me, above quoted, from Mr. Harriman,
and on December 10 wrote me the letter I in-
close, which reads in part as follows:

" 'A great army of your friends here in New
York would be very much delighted and pleased
if you could find it possible to appoint James
H. Hyde as Minister to France. . . . Large
business interests have given to him splendid
executive abilities and his association with so
many prominent business men would be fitting
recognition of the effective work done by them
in the last campaign.

" 'In addition to this he has behind him, I
am sure, the approval of Senator Piatt and Sen-
ator Depew, and, so far as I can speak for the
organization, I believe his appointment would be,
without question, more satisfactory than any
that could be made from New York at the
present time.

" 'Personally, I should appreciate your fa-
vorable consideration of this suggestion almost
beyond anything else you could do for me. If

you so desire I shall be glad to come down to
Washington and talk with you about it, but I
believe there are others who are close to you
and who feel just as I do, and I thought, there-
fore, that this letter would be sufficient as show-
ing the attitude of the organizations and my-
self personally upon this important appoint-
ment.'

Obliged to Refuse.

"As you know I was obliged to refuse the
request of the New York financiers and of the
Republican organizations of the State and city,
not deeming it proper to appoint Mr. Hyde to
the position he sought.

"So much for what Mr. Harriman said about
me personally. Far more important are the
additional remarks he made to you, as you in-
form me, when you asked him if he thought it
was well to see Hearstism and the like tri-
umphant over the Republican party. You in-
form me that he told you that he did not care
in the least, because those people were crooks,
and he could buy them; that whenever he wanted
legislation from a State Legislature he could
buy it; that he 'could buy Congress,' and that
if necessary he 'could buy the judiciary.' This
was doubtless said partly in boastful cynicism
and partly in a mere burst of bad temper, of
his objection to the interstate commerce law and
to my actions as President. But it shows a
cynicism and deep-seated corruption which
make the man uttering such sentiments, and
boasting, no matter how falsely, of this power to
perform such crimes, at least as undesirable a
citizen as Debs, or Moyer, or Haywood.

"It is because we have capitalists capable of
uttering such sentiments and capable of acting
on them that there is strength behind sinister
agitators of the Hearst type. The wealthy cor-
ruptionist and the demagogue who excites, in
the press or on the stump, in office or out of of-
fice, class against class and appeals to the basest
passions of the human soul, are fundamentally
alike and are equally enemies of the republic. I
was horrified, as was Root, when you told us to-
day what Harriman had said to you. As I say,
if you meet him you are entirely welcome to show
him this letter, although, of course, it must not
be made public unless required by some reason
of public policy, and then only after my consent
has first been obtained."

Second Letter Brief.

The second letter to Mr. Sherman is as fol-
lows :

"I would like to make an addendum to my
letter to you of the other day. Both Mr. Cortel-
you and Mr. Bliss, as soon as they heard that
Hyde's name had been suggested for Ambassa-
dor, protested to me against the appointment."

Secretary of the Treasurer Cortelyou, who
was chairman of the Republican National Com-
mittee in 1904, would not speak for publication,
but it was said in a well-informed quarter that
if the money which Mr. Harriman said he col-

THE PANDEX

615

leeted was paid to the National Committee at
all the National Committee acted simply as a
clearing house and the money went to the New
York State committee's fund.

MR. HARRIMAN'S REPLY

Letters of the President Published to Prove the
Railway Man's Point.
The answer of Mr. Harriman was pub-
lished in the Associated Press dispatches as
follows :

New York. — E. H. Harriman gave out the fol-
lowing statement in response to the statement
made public by President Roosevelt at Washing-
ton:

"For many years I have maintained an inti-
mate confidential correspondence with my friend,
Mr. Sydney Webster. What I wrote him and
what he wrote me was, of course, intended for
our eyes alone. In the course of a letter which
he wrote me in December, 1905, he warned me
against being drawn into politics and questioned
whether I had any political or party instinct.
This drew from me the reply to Mr. Web-
ster's inquiry, which, in a substantially correct
form, has been stolen and published. This
letter was written on January 2, 1906, at a time
when no one could doubt the cordiality of my
relations with the President.

"About ten days ago I was told that a dis-
charged stenographer was trying to sell to some
newspaper a reproduction from his notes of one
of my private letters. I could hardly believe
that any matter so obtained would be accepted
or published, yet I made every effort to pre-
vent it.

"When I learned that a New York newspaper
had a transcript of these notes, I notified the
publisher at once of the facts, and urged upon
his attention the gross outrage that the pub-
lication of it under such circumstances would
involve. While deploring, of course, that the
sacredness of a private correspondence should
thus be violated, I can not withdraw anything
in the letter.

"I have read the President's statement. I
am most anxious to treat him and his other utter-
ances with consideration due to the high office
which he holds. Nevertheless, I feel bound to
call attention to certain things in regard to it
in which he does me injustice.

"In his letter to Mr. Sherman he clearly
seeks to convey the impression that the personal
interview with him in the fall of 1904 was of
my seeking and not his. He says :

"His (Harriman 's) and my letters now be-
fore me in the fall of 1904 run as follows: On
his return from spending the summer in Europe,
on September 10, he wrote me stating that if I
thought it desirable he would come to see me at
any time, then or later. (He had been, as you
remember, a delegate to the Republican National

Convention, having voted for my nomination.)
On September 23 I answered his letter, saying:
'At present there is nothing for me to see you
about, though there were one or two points in
my letter of acceptance which I would like to
have discussed with you before putting it out.'

"Let me present the facts. On June 29, 1904,
the President wrote me the following letter,
which he does not include in the correspondence
published. It reached me in Europe :

" 'White House, Washington, June 29, 1904.—
Personal. My Dear Mr. Harriman : I thank you
for your letter. As soon as you come home I
shall want to see you. The fight will doubtless
be hot then. It has been a real pleasure to see
you this vear. Very truly vours,

" 'THEODORE ROOSEVELT.'

"In reply to this I wrote him on my return
from Europe the letter of September 20, the
opening sentences of which he eliminated in his
publication :

" 'New York, Sept. 20, 1904.— Dear Mr. Presi-
dent: I was very glad to receive your note of
June 29 last while I was in Europe. I am now
getting matters that accumulated during my ab-
sence somewhat cleared up, and if you think it
desirable, will go to see you at any time either
now or later. It seems to me that the situation
could not be in better shape. Yours sincerely,
" 'E. H. HARRIMAN.

" 'To the President, Washington, D. C

"Then followed a series of invitations from
the White House, both from the President and his
secretary, urging me to go to Washington. On
October 10, the President wrote :

" 'In view of the trouble over the State ticket
in New York I should much like to have a few
words with you. Do you think you can get down
here within a few days, and take either lunch
or dinner with meV

' ' On October 14 he wrote :

" 'My Dear Mr. Harriman: A suggestion has
come to me in a roundabout way that you do
not think it wise to come to see me in these
closing weeks of the campaign, but that you are
reluctant to refuse, inasmuch as I have asked.'

"A funeral in my family prevented a prompt
response to the President's repeated invitation,
but finally, about October 20, I was able to go
to Washington and see him. There is some dif-
ference of recollection as to. what transpired at
that interview.

"Fortunately the President himself in his
'strictly personal' letter to me of November 30,
throws some light upon what did take place. He
says : ' If you remember, when you were down
here, both you and I were so interested in certain
of the New York political developments, that I
hardly, if at all, touched on governmental mat-
ters. '

"Again in the same letter he says: 'As a
matter of fact, as you will remember, when you
did come down to see me you and I were both
so engaged in the New York political situation
that we talked of little else.'

616

THE PANDEX

"The invitation of October 10 bade me to the
White House to have a few words with the Presi-
dent (in view of the trouble over the State
ticket in New York. I had replied on October
12: 'I am giving a very large part of my time
to correcting the trouble here, and intend to do
so if any effort on my part can accomplish it.
I will take occasion the first of next week to run
down to see you, and I think by that time the
conditions will be very much improved.'
Which Sought the Other's Aid.

"Whether I was seeking his aid to secure the
adherence of the State of New York to the State
ticket, or he was seeking mine, is proved or dis-
proved by this correspondence, and I cheerfully
submit to the public the inference.

"The President's letter of October 14 and his
comment thereon are interesting. In that letter
he suggested that I might think there was some
danger in my visiting him during the closing
weeks of the campaign and suggested that if I
thought so the visit be postponed until after

election, when he would ask me to discuss cer-
tain Government matters not connected with the
campaign. Here were two distinct invitations
to discuss two different subjects. I could see no
danger in visiting him to discuss New York
polities before the election, and therefore went,
and discussed that subject alone. And after
election took up the other subject for considera-
tion with him.

"I think if what concerned me as the object
of the visit had been the Government's relation
to the railroads, the interview would certainly
not have been entirely confined to politics.

"I am not responsible for what Mr. Sherman
may have said to the President with reference
to the conversation he had with me. All that I
have to say is that I did not meet his urgent
requests that I contribute to his campaign fund,
and that the statements alleged to have been at-
tributed to me by him were false. The President
was assured of this fact by a mutual friend who
was present at the interview."

PRECEDENTS FOR THE CONTROVERSY

FAMOUS " MULLIGAN LETTER" EPISODE OF THE BLAINE DAYS AND

THE CREDIT MOBILIER RECALLED BY THE

HARRIMAN- ROOSEVELT INCIDENT

NOT even President Roosevelt's stanchest
friends hold to the opinion that he has been
particularly happy in the selection of the docu-
mentary evidence adduced to prove that Edward
H. Harriman is entitled to full and unlimited
membership in the Ananias Club. On the con-
trary, the President's putting in evidence these
letters is recalling to many minds who look out
over the country and back through the years from
this point of vantage, other notable incidents
when statesmen have got themselves into trouble
by citing letters. Further than this, the Presi-
dent's entanglements with Wall Street financiers
is being compared to some- similar instances of
that kind which are of the long ago, but still fresh
in the minds of many men of the passing genera-
tion. The two historic instances of such en-
tanglements which are being especially recalled
are the cases of James A. Garfield and the Credit
Mobilier Company in 1872, and the ease of James
G. Blaine and what became known as the "Mul-
ligan Letters" in 1876.

The very emphatic and dramatic denial by
President Roosevelt of the contents of Mr. Har-

riman's letter, the denunciation of Mr. Harriman
as a liar, and the charge of a "conspiracy,"
then the production of letters which practically
confirm not only the charges made by Mr. Harri-
man, but those made three years ago by Judge
Parker, by the Times, and by many other news-
papers, that there was collusion between the
Roosevelt managers and the Wall Street finan-
ciers in the 1904 campaign, furnishes a striking
parallel, especially to the case of Blaine and
the Mulligan letters. Mr. Blaine, while his con-
duet was under investigation by a committee of
the House of Representatives, read a whole batch
of letters in explanation of his conduct. But,
as in the case of Mr. Roosevelt, these letters in-
stead of clearing the air gave rise to such a con-
troversy that Mr. Blaine was defeated for the
Republican nomination for President in the Cin-
cinnati convention held a short while afterward,
which nomination he would unquestionably have
received but for the incident.

The Blaine-Mulligan incident was one of the
most dramatic which ever took place in the Na-
tional Capitol. It was near the closing days of

THE PANDEX

617

THE VENDETTA.

-Detroit Journal.

the Forty-fourth Congress. On the 6th day of
June, 1876, it was, that the culmination came.
James G. Blaine, a member of the lower house
of Congress, a former Speaker of that body, one
of the ablest and most brilliant men of his time,
and one of the most popular, was his party's idol
with a clear path, it was thought, to the Presi-
dency. On the floor of the House he arose to a
question of personal privilege, and performed
that famous act for which he was dubbed by Rob-
ert Ingersoll the "Plumed Knight." He had
the letters, the noted "Mulligan letters," and he
placed them in evidence himself. The House of
Representatives was crowded, both floor and gal-
lery, and so excited grew the members and the
spectators that several times the Speaker called
in the services of the Sergeant-at-Arms and or-
dered him to clear the floor. For outsiders were
on the floor, hundreds of men, Blaine sympathizers
and friends of Proctor Knott, who led the op-
position against Blaine. They had rushed by the
doorkeepers and flooded the floor.

In consequence of frequent charges in the news-
papers of improper influence over certain mem-
bers of Congress by certain railroads, and es-
pecially of the favors done the Pacific railroads
by Congress, through the Speaker, while Blaine
was in that position, the House passed a resolu-
tion to investigate. Mr. Blaine's name was not
mentioned in the resolution at all, but it was evi-
dent to all, or almost all, that the investigation
was to be particularly directed toward him.

Shortly after the committee began its investi-
gation, Warren Fisher of Boston, who had had
charge of the construction of the Little Rock &
Fort Smith Railroad for some New England cap-
italists, was summoned to Washington to testify.
It was known that Mr. Fisher had the disposi-
tion of all the bonds and stocks of the company,
and it was also known that Congress had been
asked to make certain land grants to this rail-
road, and that it made one while Mr. Blaine was
Speaker. Mr. Blaine had made a certain ruling
which favored this railroad. Mr. Fisher's com-
ing down to Washington to testify, therefore,
created an air of expectancy, especially since it
was rumored that he had broken with Mr. Blaine.

Now, along with Mr. Fisher came a little Bos-
ton Irishman by the name of James Mulligan.
Before the committee the next day Mulligan testi-
fied that Blaine, while Speaker of the House, had
acted as broker for Warren Fisher in disposing
of the securities of the Little Rock & Fort Smith
Railroad. He said that Blaine had sold to cer-
tain of his wealthy friends in Maine about $520,-
000 worth of these securities, for which he re-
ceived $162,500 in bonds and stocks as commis-
sion. It was just prior to that that the Union
Pacific Railroad had got hold of something like
$75,000 of the securities of the Little Rock &
Fort Smith.

Mulligan one day was being prodded very close-
ly by one of the members of the committee, Law-
rence, of Ohio, a friend of Blaine. Wincing under

618

THE PANDEX

the fire, the little Irishman grew excited and
reaching into his pocket he pulled out a small
packet of letters and other papers. Flaunting
this in the faces of his cross-examiner and of Mr.
Blaine, he exclaimed with heat: "Here, I have
the proof of every Word I have said. There are
Mr. Blaine's own letters telling about it."

After the meeting was over, Mr. Blaine went to
Mulligan and besought him to give him the let-
ters. Mulligan says that he went to his room
and got on his knees before him, begging him to
spare his wife and six children from disgrace and
to prevent his everlasting ruin. Mulligan, how-
ever, refused to give up the letters except under
promise from Mr. Blaine that he would upon his
"honor as a gentleman" return them to him. Mr.
Blaine took the letters and asked Mulligan what
he intended to do with them. Mulligan told him
that he intended to publish them if any one ques-
tioned his veracity or impugned his testimony.
Mr. Blaine then refused to give up the letters.
The incident was published in the papers and
created the greatest excitement in Washington
and throughout the whole country.

Mr. Blaine refused to give up the letters when
they were demanded of him by the investigating
committee. Instead, he rose to a question of per-
sonal privilege in the House, and made his fa-
mous speech in defense of himself. There he pro-
duced the bundle of letters, and declaring that
he wanted 44,000^000 of his countrymen to know
what they contained, proceeded to read them.

One of them began: "My Dear Sir — I spoke
to you a short time ago about a point of interest
to your railroad company that occurred at the
last session of Congress." The letter went on to
de.scribe how that a measure was up to grant
certain lands to the Little Rock & Fort Smith
Railroad. Some member not in favor of the
measure tried to defeat it by offering an amend-
ment which would not pass. The letter declared
that the bill would not have passed with that
amendment, yet the amendment would have pre-
vailed if the House had voted upon it. Blaine,
who was Speaker, sent a page to General Logan,
who was known to be in favor of the bill, and told
him to make a point of order against the amend-
ment and he, the Speaker, would sustain the point
of order. This was done, and the amendment
went out, and the bill was passed. Blaine de-
scribed it all in his letter to Fisher, and then
added : "At that time I had never seen Mr. Cald-
well, but you can tell him that without knowing
it I did him a great favor."

The other letters were about the bonds, which
Blaine was selling for Fisher, and in most
of the letters there were requests for more
liberal settlements than Fisher had allowed. In
another letter Mr. Blaine used these words: "I
do not feel that I shall prove a deadhead in the
enterprise if I once embark in it. I see various
channels in which I know I can be useful."

There is this difference between the Blaine-
Mulligan-Fisher incident and the Roosevelt-Har-
riman incident, that while President Roosevelt

gave out the letters himself to be printed in the
papers, only a few newspaper correspondents
being present, Mr. Blaine read his letters to
crowded galleries. The most intense excitement
prevailed throughout the two-hours speech and
subsequent speeches made by the opponents of
Blaine, and a thrill went through the whole
country.

Proctor Knott was chairman of the committee
which had in charge the investigation. Mr.
Blaine charged him, in the first instance, with
having put two Democrats and ex-Confederate
soldiers on the committee to investigate him.
The galleries cheered Mr. Blaine when he made
this charge. Mr. Knott arose and said that he
had nothing whatever to do with the appoint-
ment of the sub-committee, but he said that the
two ex-Confederate soldiers of the committee
were equal in ability to the gentleman from
Maine, "and," said he, "it is no disparagement
to the gentleman from Maine to say that in the
matter of honor they are his superiors." At
this there were hisses from the galleries and from
the Republican side. "There are three kinds of
animals which hiss," remarked the imperturb-
able Knott, "vipers, geese, and fools." This
sally, harsh as it was, created a laugh and
brought back the House to good humor.

Mr. Blaine didn't get the nomination at Cin-
cinnati that year, and when he did get it, the let-
ters were undoubtedly influential in defeating
his election.

In the case of the Credit Mobilier scandal,
there were no letters and there was no testify-
ing on the part of anybody against himself, but
there were important documents, which many
members of Congress were afraid of, and their
publication bears something of a resemblance to
the method by which the first Harriman letter
was published. That is, the documents were
stolen from a court room in Delaware by a news-
paper correspondent. The documents were pub-
lished, and so many members of Congress were
involved that a Congressional investigation was
offered.

The Credit Mobilier scandal was simply this:
The Credit Mobilier was a company chartered
under the state of Pennsylvania for the purpose
mainly to take charge of the affairs of the Union
Pacific Railroad, which was then under construc-
tion. The Credit Mobilier undertook the con-
struction of it. Oakes Ames, a member of Con-
gress from Massachusetts, had large stock hold-
ings in the company. It was in the days when
the United States was giving large subsidies to
these Pacific railroads, and the Union Pacific
needed governmental favors. Oakes Ames's
scheme was to sell to his fellow Congressmen
stock in the Credit Mobilier. The stock was
worth over 200. Ames sold it to Congressmen at
par, and if they did not have the money to pay
for it he sold it to them on credit, and in some
cases allowed them to pay for it in dividends on
the stock. Since the company was declaring an
eighty-per-cent dividend it took just fifteen

THE PANDEX

619

niontlis for tlie stock to pay for itself. Thus the
Credit Mobilier and the Union Pacific had many
friends in Congress. An investigation in 1872
showed that many prominent members of the
House had bought stock on these liberal terms
from Oakes Ames. Among these was James A.
Garfield. It is said, however, that Garfield was
not hurt politically by this. In the Presidential
election in Ohio, when Garfield was a candidate,
it is said that men fell over one another trying

to be the 329th man to vote for Garfield. Three
hundred and twenty-nine dollars was the amount
of dividends from the Credit Mobilier which Gar-
field had gotten on his stock. Such a scandal
was created that Garfield gave up his stock. It
was the Credit Mobilier scandal which ruined
Schuyler Colfax politically. And it was the
same which killed James Brooks, of New York.

— New York Times.

NEBRASKA GIVES A LESSON

Republicans of Bryan's State Overthrow the Railroad Autocracy in a

Stirring Contest.

NE of the reasons given for the spectac-
ular movement of the big financiers was
that the state legislative campaigns against
the railroads had become even more inimical
and dangerous than those of the national
gover'-^ment. The following from the New
York Times gives the story as it appeared
in one of the states :

Lincoln, Neb. — Far-reaching and powerful as
are railroad political machines, they are not in-
vulnerable. President Roosevelt demonstrated in
his successful fight to secure the enactment of a
national rate-regulation law that it was not im-
possible to put them to rout, and the example he
set is being followed with more or less success in
various commonwealths.

The Republicans of Nebraska have just con-
cluded a successful rebellion against the domina-
tion of these corporations in party politics and
state government, aitd in doing so have furnished
a valuable object lesson to those states of the
East where the same struggle to break obnoxious
bonds is in progress. The campaign was a re-
markable one, and the pitched battle that
marked its end was fought out upon the floor of
the state convention at Lincoln.

This victory was made possible by three
things — the popularizing in the Republican party,
through the acts of the President, of anti-cor-
poration sentiment; the willingness of able men

of prominence to lead the fight, and, last but not
least, the practical unanimity of sentiment
among a free press that the time had come to
put an end to corporate domination in Nebraska.
Independent Ticket Named.

The direct result of the evolution was the nam-
ing of a state ticket composed of men who owe
the railroads nothing, named upon a platform
that embraces a legislative program that will end
corporate overlordship within its borders.

The party is pledged to abolish the entire
free-pass system; to substitute the direct pri-
mary for the convention method of making nomi-
nations, including those for United States sen-
ators ; to create an elective commission to fix
freight and passenger rates, and clothed with the
same power to correct abuses as was lodged by
Congress in the Interstate Commerce Commis-
sion; to devise a system of taxation that will
place the railroads upon an equality with all citi-
zens; to enact a law that will make it possibh
for railway employes to recover damages, not-
withstanding the negligence of a fellow-servant.

In the State House sits a governor who made
his campaign upon the direct and positive issue
that the people of Nebraska would no longer per-
mit James J. Hill and E. H. Harriman, in their
offices in New York, to exercise the autocratic
power they had arrogated to themselves of de-
termining who should and who should not occupy
the principal offices of honor and trust in that
state.

tf20

THE PANDEX

Contest a Stirring One.

The contest was marked by many stirring and
dramatic events. There had long been smoulder-
ing in the breasts of the voters a feeling of bit-
terness against the railroads.

The press of the state, the Republican news-
papers predominating, struck the first note of
battle.

At a meeting of the State Editorial Associa-
tion in 1905, two live topics, the evils of the free
political pass, and the virtues of the direct pri-
mary, were substituted for the usual technical
discussions. The truths told there of political
conditions in the state were not all new to the
editors, but the more they thought about them
the more zealous converts they became to the doc-
trine of the necessity of abolishing the one and
establishing the other.

Public attention was just at that time focused
upon a legislative incident that demonstrated the
value placed by the railroads upon the pass.
Because the railroad lobby interfered and pre-
vented the passage of a bill desired by the farm-
ers to shield them from the exactions of the
binder-twine trust. Representative William Ernst
gave out an interview in which he detailed how
this was accomplished, the distribution of free
passes being included as one method employed.

Pass Grabber Himself.

J. H. Ager, the Burlington's political agent
and pass superintendent, retorted in the same
newspaper that there had been no greater pass-
grabber than Mr. Ernst, and printed a list of
the passes he had obtained for himself, for rela-
tives, and for friends.

This was a serious tactical blunder, as it
opened the eyes of a number of innocent men
who had accepted passes on the representation
that they were the usual courtesies extended to
public officials and entailed no obligation. It
was made plain to them that by their acceptance
they had placed their political honor in the hands
of the pass-givers, who would use the club thus
gained to awe them into silence or force them
into compliance. It was intended as a warning
to them that they would be branded as Ernst was
if they protested against anything the railroad
lobby did.

Three 'Political' Railroads.

There are three 'political' railroads in Ne-
braska. These are the Burlington, the Union
Pacific, and the Northwestern. The Burlington
and Union Pacific each employ a man known as
political agent, and whose sole business it is to
attend to the selection and naming of satisfac-
tory candidates for all offices of any importance,
and to see that those who have opposed or been
unfaithful to the railroads are punished.

The capture of the Democratic party by Mr.
Bryan drove all of the railroads here into the
Republican political camp some twelve years ago,
and only within recent years, as unrest has
grown against them in that party, have they

paid much attention to the Democratic organiza-
tion.

Ager Built Machine.

Mr. Ager has wielded power subject only to
the supervision of his chieftain, who in turn is
generally believed to get his instructions from
New York in the matter of the candidacies of
men for important positions. His first care was
to build a machine by the means of passes.

In each county a little local machine was or-
ganized by the distribution of annual or trip
passes, and in time this became a part of the
state organization.

It was this powerful combination with which
the plain Republicans of Nebraska grappled last
year. It was an organization supplied with all
the money and passes needed. Publicity of its
plans, publicity for the men who had lent them-
selves to what the newspapers plainly declared
was the betrayal of the many by the few, with
the price of perfidy an office and a pass, was the
deadliest weapon employed — and it was effective.

To complete their chain of blunders, the rail-
roads refused to pay their state taxes. A new
revenue law was passed at a recent session of the
Legislature, designed to list every bit of prop-
erty in the state at its cash value.

When it went into effect a strong demand,
voiced by virtually the entire state press, arose
among the people that the valuation of railroads
be put upon the same basis as farm lands and all
other property. Yielding to this pressure the •
Board of Assessment, which was just then com-
posed of first-termers seeking a renomination at
the hands of a state convention about to be held,
raised the valuation of railroads seventy-two per
cent.

The roads went into Federal Court, and en-
joined the collection of these taxes on the ground
that they were extortionate. The Court decided
against them and they appealed. That appeal
was recently decided against them.

Pighting Man Appears.

A clean, capable young man, Norris Brown,
was the attorney-general of the state when this
litigation began. He conducted the defense of
the state with such skill and fervor that he won
against an aggregation of the best legal talent in
the West.

The railroad managers were furious. Espe-
cially so were the able lawyers whom he bad de-
feated, and whose duties also embrace supervi-
sion of politics. Their anger was unabated when
the people began to make a hero of Brown and
to suggest that he was the man they had been
looking for to lead the rebellion against corpo-
rate domination as United States Senator.

The railroads were joined in their fight by the
lumber and grain dealers whom Brown had
prosecuted for maintaining trusts. He took the
people into his confidence, and they believed him
when he showed he had been fighting their bat-
tles. They organized a volunteer army that
swept down all opposition in county after county
and won.

THE PANDEX

621

Mr. Brown was shortly joined by State Senator
George L. Sheldon, who declared that he would
run for Governor on the same platform. He
issued an open letter to the Republicans of the
State that was a distinct call to arms.

The railroads controlled the State Commit-
tee, and tried to prevent the inclusion of the
nomination of a United States Senator in the
platform. Under the pressure of public senti-
ment and the bombardment of the press the com-
mittee dared not do this.

It did appoint a committee, composed princi-
pally of railroad politicians to prepare a plat-
form, but the State convention's first act was
to ignore the committee and the resolutions it
prepared and name a new one, that brought in
a platform that thoroughly expressed progressive
sentiment.

The railroads were troubled in heart from the

very start. They found no men of prominence
whom they could trust to stand as senatorial
candidates in opposition to Brown.

They tried to push Senator Millard, but the
fact that he had been foisted upon the State in
a "dark lantern caucus" five years before by
the direct influence of the railroads made him a
marked figure from the start.

Brown won with four votes to spare. The
convention at once turned to Sheldon and nom-
inated him by a large majority for Governor on
the second ballot.

Their great fight against odds thrilled the en-
tii-e State, and when their victory was assured
Populists and Democrats joined in congratula-
tions and promises of support. The shadow of
railroad domination rested over the Democratic
convention, and its nominees for Senator and
Governor were branded by the press as ancient
friends of the corporations, and the brand stuct.

Hot Stuff!

Oh say,

Ain't it awful, Mabel?

Dear, dear!

Just hear

Harriman 's shriek

Echoing from peak to peak.

And Roosevelt's roar

Reverberating along the shore.

With all the land

And all the sea

United in a startled "GEE!"

My, my !

Somebody 's told a lie !

Somebody jumped off the ear

With a jar;

Somebody's got

Right into the hot

And there

Is razzers flying through the air,

And the land of the free

And tLe home of the brave

Must take to the woods

Or risk a shave.

Wow!

Ain 't they raising a row ?

Ain'tthey hot stuff?

Ain't they plenty enough?

Ain't they the cheese

In a go-as-they please?

Ain't they the birds

That fight with the words?

Ain't there H. to pay

Over the right of way?

By heck!

Whqt a wreck

They'll make

If somebody don"t take

Them about

Forty miles out

Of the main-traveled path

And let them chaw up their respective

wrath !
If they haven't got the call
On rowdy ball.
Then our Starry Flag
It's off its bag —
That's all.
My scat!
What's that?
More
Roar?

Don 't let them get a start !
Pull 'em apart!
Pull 'em apart ! !
Oh say.
Ain't it awful, Mabel?

— W. J. Lampton in New York Worlo.

622

THE P A N D E X

THE CHAFFEUR.— "WHICH WAY. SIR?"

— Philadelphia North American.

The Heir to the Responsibility

SUCCESSION TO THE PRESIDENCY SUDDENLY MADE A QUESTION OF
DRAMATIC INTEREST BY THE CHARGE OF A MILLIONAIRES-
CONSPIRACY TO DEFEAT ROOSEVELT— TAFT. THIRD
TERM. AND OTHER ISSUES.

WITH such an alignment of forces for
and against given policies and for
and against given leaderships, the ques-
tion of vfho is to follow Mr. Roosevelt
in the Presidency naturally becomes of su-
preme importance. Indeed, it rapidly moves
forward to the point where it must become
the leading theme of discussion and the lead-
ing element in political activity.

FIGHT TO CHECK OLIGARCHY

White House Exposes Plot to Upset Policies of
the Administration.
The presidential side of the conflict was
thus suggested in the correspondence of
"Sumner" in the Chicago Record-Herald:

Washington, April 4. — Having unmasked the
pretensio.ns of E. H. Harriman as a political as
well as a financial power in the United States
through the exploitation of his ambition to hold
a seat in the national Senate and his intrigues
as. a leader of the "rich men's combine" that
sought to encompass the defeat of Roosevelt for
the presidential nomination in 1904, the White
House to-day turned its attention more earnestly
to the conspiracy that has for its object the
control of the ne.^t Republican national conven-
tion and the election following.

President Roosevelt has succeeded in side-
tracking entirely the issue raised by his enemies
through the publication of the Harriraan-Webster
correspondence relative to campaign contribu-
tions in 1904, and has focused the attention of
the country upon the hitherto secret alliance of
corporation and pseudo-reform interests to brin?
about the downfall of the President and all that
he stands for in the immediate future.

THE PANDEX

623

Application of the facts pertaining to the anti-
Roosevelt alliance between Mr. Harriman, Wil-
liam R. Hearst, and the Rockefellers and all the
Standard Oil magnates, which indiscreetly were
divulged to friends of the administration by an
agent of the combine, comes from the White
House this evening. E. H. Harriman is held up
as the leader of the most stupendous political
plot that has been hatched within the memory
of the present generation.

It is common gossip to-night that the person

in the following from the same paper:

Washington, D. C. — Before long the full details
of the plot against the President are likely to be
given to the public. The denouement, it was
learned, came at a private dinner at which
were present several adherents of the administra-
tion. There is every reason to assume that the
dinner was given for a purpose, and that pur-
pose was to win to the side of the conspirators

AND THE CAT CAME BACK.

The President — I beg your pardon — but I have asked you softly and politely not to keep
coming back. — International Syndicate.

who is declared at the White House to have
''given away" the conspiracy during a dinner

was United States Senator Boies Penrose
Pennsylvania.

FIVE MILLIONS IN THE FUND.

And Twenty-five Thousand Offered to One Man

to Join in the Conspiracy.

More of the presidential side, together

with a presumed insight into the magnitude

of the plans of the opposition, was reflected

influential persons who had been listed in the
ranks of the Roosevelt army. The prospective
conversion was set about with the supreme non-
chalance and effrontery that characterize a
certain type of the " captains-of -industry " class
when any important object is in view.

It is possible, however, that the assistant
promoter talked more freely than he wouH
if he had not dined so well. It was asserted
at the White House that the details unfolded
by the representative of the combine were so
startling in every particular that his hearers

624

THE P A i\ D E X

were struck dumb with amazement. It was ex-
plained by the promoter that the purpose of the
political combination already was assured suc-
cess, and with this declaration the listeners were
invited to "get in" and share in the fruits of
victory.

It was stated, according to information given
out at the White House, that a fund of $5,000,-
000 — a corruption fund pure and simple — had
been raised for the preliminary work in the
scheme of capturing the next national conven-
tion. Other details equally startling in charac-
ter were divulged. It is needless to say that the
details in toto speedily were conveyed to the
President by the loyal friends of the administra-
tion.

The next day, it is said, an agent of the com-
bine approached an influential leader and asked
if the talkative person had said more than he
should have the night before. He was told that
he appeared to have divulged all he knew.

"Well, I'll stand for it, anyhow," was the
reply. "We've got the $5,000,000, and if you
want to come in, and know where you can use
$25,000 to advantage, I'll write you a check for
that amount right now."

The person addressed took this story directly
to the White House.

the ramifications extended far beyond these
states, and, in fact, took in the entire country.

"The trail extends* across the continent," it
was declared. The .$5,000,000 corruption fund,
it was asserted, together with what may or might
have been added, was to be used to buy every-
thing that was purchasable — venal newspapers,
whole state delegations where possible, and local
and state political leaders who might control
primaries and minor conventions.

The states of North and South Dakota, where
the Roosevelt sentiment is as strong as anywhere
in the country, were mentioned as states where
the conspirators would operate under the mask
of Roosevelt instructions to the delegations.
Right now, it is declared, the game is being
worked in Michigan, the plan being to have dele-
gates instructed for the President, and, when it
should become positively known that the Presi-
dent would not accept the nomination, throw
them to the man chosen to defeat the real Roose-
velt candidate.

OPERATE UNDER ROOSEVELT MASK

Plotters Proposed to Utilize President's Own
Friends to Undo Him.
The lengths to which the opposition is ac-
cused of being willing to go was suggested
by the same paper as follows :

Washington, D. C. — It is difficult to give an
accurate idea of the sensation that has been
created in Washington by the news promulgated
from the White House and reported by express
authority from the highest source in the Record-
Herald's dispatches, together with the other in-
formation promulgated from the same source.
All precedents have been smashed in the matter
of authorizing the publication of inside political
history and intrigue by the highest official of
the nation.

The secretary to the President, when pressed
for detailed information regarding the con-
spiracy which has come to the attention of
the administration, hinted that in due course
of time names and other relevant matters per-
taining to the plot might be forthcoming. For
the present it is deemed sufficient to let the
country know that the plot has been discovered
and, in the opinion of the friends of the admin-
istration, nipped in the bud. The question was
asked as to whether the ramifications of the con-
spiracy extended beyond the states of Pennsyl-
vania and Ohio, which specifically were men-
tioned by the President to callers yesterday as
territory already invaded. The reply was that

HARRIMAN NOT SO ANGRY

Webster Exposure Said to Be Only Part of the
General Plan.

Also the underlying cunning of the same
faction was told as follows ;

Washington, D. C— Evidence has come to light
within the last twenty-four hours tending to
show that Mr. Harriman may not have been so
angry as his printed statements would indicate
over the publication of his private letter to Mr.
Webster, wherein he set forth his estimate of
President Roosevelt and sought to enmesh the
latter in questionable actions with reference to
contributions for the last national campaign.

An anonymous interview with a New York
man sets forth many facts that corroborate the
information concerning the political conspiracy
discovered by the administration. Among other
things the New Yorker declared that those in
league to defeat the future promulgation of the
President's policies and prevent the nomination
of a man of the Roosevelt type to succeed the
present chief executive had planned to let out
from time to time letters in their possession
which would tend to discredit President Roose-
velt's sincerity. The Harriman letter, it is be-
lieved, was intended to serve that purpose and
start the procession.

If Mr. Harriman or others involved really had
such object in view, however, they failed to
consider the resourcefulness of the occupant of
the White House. It may have been surmised
that the President would deny the alleged facts
and innuendo conveyed by the missives and let
it go at that, the conspirators then taking
chances on winning their point before the public.

THE PANDEX

625

M
cn

O
W
Si
►6

CI'

626

THE PANDEX

FORCING A THIRD TEEM

President Likely to Be Compelled to Accept the
Renomination.
Finally, the reaction of the entire situa-
tion upon the President himself and upon his
determination to retire from the Executive
Office was set forth as follows :

The President, however, is a fighter. He has
denied the charges made against him and ex-
plained— satisfactorily to his friends — the things
that seemed to call for explanation. But he has
not stopped with that. He has gone ahead and
told the country that the attack upon him is a
part of a gigantic political plot to control the
government and undo the progressive work
started under his administration. And the de-
velopments seem only to have begun.

The assertion was made by a caller at the
White House that this fight of the Presi-
dent against his enemies or the conspiracy
against him — whichever way it might be viewed
— would have the inevitable effect of forcing
the President to reconsider his determination not
to accept a renomination and again lead his party
to the battle of ballots.

This declaration was not made to the Presi-
dent, but to an important member of the admin-
istration, and the reply was that the question of
another term was one that would be dealt with
when the pi'oper time arrived. The impression
has been strengthened greatly by the develop-
ments of the last few days that President Roose-
velt will be forced to run again. He certainly
must, say his friends, if it should become appa-
rent that the opposition will be strong enough to
defeat for the nomination next year some other
man representing the Roosevelt policies and
ideals.

With respect to the President 's future course
much undoubtedly depends on the developments
in Ohio. Next week Senator Foraker will return
home and begin in earnest his campaign for en-
dorsement for both the senatorship to succeed
himself and for the presidency. If, with his
machine and its engineer — Senator Dick — with
the negro support solidified by his course in the
Brownsville affair, the aid of certain labor lead-
ers and a host of small fry politicians, Foraker
wins his contest in Ohio, there will ensue a situ-
ation which, in the light of contemporaneous
developments, will call for all the strategy at
the command of the administration in Washing-
ton.

If Foraker is downed in his own state, which
will mean a Taft delegation to the national con-
vention, the chances of nominating the Secretary
of War to succeed President Roosevelt will be
of the brightest. Under those circumstances it
is believed that the country — the Roosevelt legion
— will rush to the Taft standard. But, if any-
thing should eliminate Secretary Taft from con-
sideration or tend to weaken his strength, there

is no telling what complications may ensue. In
such event, the President's friends declare, he
may have to sacrifice his personal wishes to save
the party from the control of the reactionaries.

PLOT WAS TO FOOL LOEB

Penrose's Friends Declare He Only Wanted to
"Josh" President's Secretary.
In consonance with its proverbial custom.
High Finance proceeded at once to put the
color of ridicule upon the entire story of a
plot against the President and his policies.
Said the New York Times:

Washington. — A denial from Senator Penrose
that he had revealed the plans of the "con-
spirators" against Roosevelt and Rooseveltism
reached here from Philadelphia, but it occa-
sioned no surprise at the White House or else-
where in Washington.

At the White House it was promptly explained
that in the talk there about the dinner
at which the revelation of the intentions
of the plotters was made, no mention had been
made of the .name of Senator Penrose or any
other man, nor was any clue given as to the
place or time of the dinner. It is pointed out
here, however, that the denial of th^ Senator
is based partly on the fact that for the last
month he has been out of the country.

It developed that the dinner where the rev-
elation was made took place at the Shoreham
Hotel, in this city, before the adjournment of
Congress. It was given by Jonathan Bourne, the
senator-elect from Oregon, who is one of the
stanchest supporters of the President. Among
his guests were Senator Penrose, Senator Hans-
brough. Senator Scott, and William iiOt'l), Jr.,-
secretary to the President. The fact that Mr.
Bourne was the host disposes of the allegation
that the dinner was given as a means of gettin<;-
together the opponents of the President to talk
over ways and means for their campaign.

It is a curious commentary on the Penrose
denial, however, that some of the Senator's
friends here have been explaining that when
he talked as he is reported to have talked
he was really only having fun with Mr. Loeb. It
was all a "josh," just to see how Loeb would
take it. Penrose, they say, is and always has
been a firm supporter of the President. He an-
nounced at the dinner that he was with Mi.
Roosevelt if the President would consent lO ac-
cept another nomination. Pennsylvania would
give him all the delegates in the convention.
But that was as far as he was willing to go.
He would not submit to dictation from the White
House as to the nomination of any other man
than Roosevelt. And so on at great length, and
with increasing emphasis, all for the purpose of
having fun with Loeb.

Certain friends of the President on whom

THE PANDEX

627

there rests no suspicion of disloyalty, however, TAKE A STAND FOR FAIRBANKS

have pointed out that this explanation of .

Penrose's friends is absolutely the only thing p^jg^^^ ^^ Vice-President Start Crusade to Stop

they can say. It is exactly of a piece with the Misrepresentation.

comment of Harriman and others in New York

that the conspiracy story is "ridiculous" and P"r ^ time quite far back in the consider-

Llllfif

- I'liVHUHttupiilM

<ai • ^*Vtf f"» ■— '

GROWING LUSTILY.

— New York World.

'absurd." That sort of talk has been made in ation of possible candidates for the Presi-

Washington, also,- and it is pointed out that, deucy rumor has attached the name of Vice-

the opposition having been found out and pub- President Fairbanks to the list of those upon
hsiied bv the President, the onlv means of sav- , j.^ c^ j. i i •,, ,. .i,,

ing their faces left to them is to ridicule the ^^'^om the System looks with favor. The

accusation against them. following from the Chicago News shows the

628

THE PANDEX

revolt of Mr. Fairbanks and his friends from
the imputation :

Washington, D. C. — -Discovery of what they
believe to be a studied and persistent effort to
misrepresent their candidate has led the friends
of Vice-President Fairbanks in Washington to
take up the cudgels in his behalf after a deter-
mined effort on their part to get the vice-presi-
dent to defend himself, which was declined. If
the Fairbanks men at the national capital — and
there are many of them — could lay their hands
on the responsible source of the stories about
the vice-president at which they take umbrage,
they are in that frame of mind which leads to a
direct challenge to "put up or shut up" in
politics. They are asking a "square deal" for
their candidate to succeed President Roosevelt
in the White House and they indicate that from
this • time on, if the present campaign of mis-
representation is to be continued, they purpose
to enter into the situation to the extent of seeing
that the vice-president gets fair play before the
country, whether he is nominated or not.

Vowed No Break with President.
The situation as it affects Mr. Fairbanks per-
sonally, as related by his friends, is highly inter-
esting and explains in part the impression the
vice-president has created by his numerous public
appearances throughout the country since he took
up his present office. In this connection it is
said that Mr. Fairbanks, upon the day of his
inauguration as vice-president, made a solemn
vow that no charge could ever be successfully
made against him that he had broken with Presi-
dent Roosevelt. He is said to have remarked
to friends at that time that it was a notorious
fact, which the history of the country would
substantiate, that ambitious vice-presidents prone
to make public statements of their own opinion
regarding administration policies had made more
trouble than all other members of administra-
tions combined. This rock of discord Mr. Fair-
banks determined to avoid, with the result that
since he became vice-president he has never sub-
mitted to an interview on questions of public
policy in which the President was interested,
either directly or indirectly.

The vice-president has gone farther than that
in keeping faith with his promise to himself.
His friends say he has borne patiently the jibes
and criticisms of what are known in Washington
as "Fairbanks speeches." It was recited in
Washington during the Hughes campaign in New
York last fall that the President was displeased
with the outlook there because Mr. Hughes was
entertaining the voters with "Fairbanks
speeches," and he had, therefore, sent Mr. Root
to Utiea to "hit Mr. Hearst where he lived."
Nobody ever ascribed this remark to the Presi-
dent himself, but it showed the trend of thought
some of the President's thoughtless friends were
following in telling of their displeasure with
Governor Hughes.

Fairbanks Doesn't Believe Stories.
This brings the general situation down to the

actual relations existing between the President
and the vice-president. Since the sudden growth
of the Taft boom it is well known that over-
zealous friends of the vice-president have made
it their business to run to the vice-president with
tales that the President is "knocking" the Fair-
banks boom; that he is against the vice-president
in his ambitions. It has been reported that the
President regards Mr. Fairbanks as a "reaction-
ary" of the worst type. Those who have borne
these tales to Mr. Fairbanks have got no con-
solation for their pains. The vice-president has
simply refused to believe them.

Stood by the President.

It is declared that the President has never
been in doubt one moment of the support of the
vice-president in the Senate and they repeat that
during the rate-bill and other administration
fights in Congress the vice-president has person-
ally repeatedly assured the President that when
opportunity offered he would forward the ad-
ministration plans to the utmost of his ability.
Hence the conservative friends of the vice-presi-
dent refuse to lend themselves to the belief that
the President is openly opposing Mr. Fairbanks.

Charges Against Fairbanks.

The indictments which the friends of the vice-
president are most anxious to meet are that
Vice-President Fairbanks is a "reactionary";
that he is the Harriman candidate for president;
that he is a railroad, corporation, and trust can-
didate; that he has been a railroad and tobacco
trust attorney; that there is an active Fair-
banks organization at work, spending money and
buying delegates to the next Republican national
convention, and that the vice-president has no
mind of his own on public questions.

In answer to the charge that he is a "reaction-
ary" the friends of the vice-president challenge
proof. They declare that neither by vote nor'
voice can anybody produce any evidence that Mr.
Fairbanks is not in accord with up-to-date poli-
cies toward railroads, trusts, corporations, or in-
dividuals as voiced by the President.

Harriman Candidate? Absurd.

They characterize the charge that Mr. Fair
banks is the Harriman candidate for president
or the representative of trusts, railroads, and
corporations as absurd. They assert that the
vice-president never saw or communicated with
Mr. Harriman until after he became a senator
and has met him casually three times in fourteen
years, and that he never authorized anybody
else to meet him in his behalf at any other time ;
that if railroads, corporations, and trusts are for
Mr. Fairbanks for president it is without his
seeking and without his knowledge.

They meet the assertion that the vice-presi-
dent as a lawyer before his election to the Sen-
ate in 1893 was a representative of the railroads
and the tobacco trust by declaiing the tobacco
trust charge a gratuitous falsehood. They admit

THE P A N D E X

629

the vice-president received many large retainers the Democratic candidate, and Mr. Bryan

from railroad clients, but they assert that his has not stated that he would not, in certain

record in the courts will show as many cases ^yents do this very thing. But something
won against railroads as for them and they ' ^ ^^ ^^ ^.^^^j^ ^j^^ ^^^^^^

court proof to the contrary. " o »

SMOKING HIM OUT.

-Duluth News-Tribune.

GRAY OR HARMON, NOT BRYAN

Two Names Are Being Considered by Democrats
for Next Campaign.
Democracy still remains under the shadow
of the personality of Roosevelt and scarcely
begins as yet to crystallize its sentiment
around any special candidate. It has even
been suggested during the past month that
Mr. Bryan himself nominate Roosevelt as

racy, independently of the Roosevelt idea,
is reflected in the following from the In-
dianapolis News:

Washington. — It is significant that the South
is calling for the nomination of Judge George
Gray, of Delaware, for the presidency by the
Democrats. It is calling for the Delaware man
because it does not want to be forced to take
Bryan again. Bryan is not wanted because of a
firm conviction that he can not be elected. This
conviction that the Nebraskan can not be elected
is not confined to the South. It is the testimony

630

THE PANDEX

of every man who has been about the country
the last few months that one can not find many
Democrats of consequence who conscientiously
believe that he can be elected. This sentiment
may become so deep-rooted' as to upset the pro-
gram to bestow another nomination on Bryan.
The South could cause an abandonment of the
program if it set about determinately to do it.
but the probability is that it will not do more
than let its feelings be known. If it has to tike
Bryan it will do it with reluctance.

Recently there have been some indications
that the Democrats of the North, or at least a
goodly number of them, begin to realize that it
will be a fatal mistake to make Bryan the can-
didate of the party again. The best-informed
men are not prepared to say at this time whether
any movement to pull the Democrats of the
North away from their idol can succeed. Just
now they are inclined to doubt it.

Might Turn to Another.
And yet they suspect that if the fact can be
pressed home that he can not possibly be elected
the rank and file of the party might be per-
suaded to turn to some one else. As the situ-
ation stands to-day the East is disposed to co-
operate with the South in a movement in favor
of Judge Gray. The weakness of such a move-
ment lies in the fact that the very moment it
is started the cry will go up from he hard and
fast followers of Bryan throughout the central
West and the far West, that the conservative
wing of the party — the Wall Street wing it will
be called — is again attempting to capture the
party. It will be pointed out that in 1904 this
wing of the party got control, nominated Alton
B. Parker and led the party to ignominions
defeat. Unless a great change has come over the
party throughout the country any effort to pull
it away from Bryan — particularly if this effort
shall appear to have originated in the Eastern
states — will be looked upon as an attempt of
the "money bags" to gain control of the organ-
ization.

Among Southern and Eastern Democrats gen-
erally there exists the hope that the party will
see the wisdom of nominating a "safe and sane"
candidate, and it is this hope that leads so many
members of the party to look toward Judse
Gray. The charge that Judge Gray is represen-
tative of the Wall Street coterie of Democrats
— the Ryans and the Belmonts who brought
about the nomination of Judge Parker — is not
true, and there is a faint hope in the men who
are preparing to sound the country on the Gray
suggestion that the rank and file of the party
will, after mature consideration, be willing to
accept him as the man on whom the party can
unite.

There's the Hearst Wing.

Representative men of the party who are in-
terested in the attempt to sow Gray seed say
they realize that it will never be possible to
bring the party together in solid phalanx in favor

of any man. The Hearst wing, for instance,
would no doubt reject the Delaware man, and if
he should be nominated would, no doubt, nomi-
nate its idol, Mr. Hearst, and stand by hirn
through the campaign. It is not believed Bryan
world lead a revolt against Gray, though he
might not feel like asking his followers fully to
endorse the candidate. Gray's nomination would
mean a considerable sloughing off from the party,
say the men who want him. But would not
such an admirable candidate draw heavily fro-n
the Republican party, which, from present indi-
cations, will be divided after it has held its
next national nominating convention? Would
not such a candidate appeal to the intelligent
thought of the country everywhere?

The Name of Judson Harmon.

Behind the Democratic scenes the men who are
convinced that the nomination of Bryan again
means defeat and further demoralization are con-
juring with another name, that of Judson Har-
mon, of Cincinnati. Gray is their first choice
because they believe he combines to a remark-
able degree all the qualifications demanded of a
pi-esident at this stage of the country's life.
Harmon is just as conservative as Judge Gray,
but he has what seems to be a possible advan-
tage in that he comes from near the center of
the country. Eastern Democrats who have
studied the situation with some care are in-
clined to believe that the Democrats of Ohio.
Indiana, Illinois, and other states in the central
West would take kindly to Harmon, provided
they could be made to realize that Bryan's elec-
tion is an impossibility. Either of these men.
it is known, would have the active support of
former President Grover Cleveland.

Nothing may come of this movement to steer
the party away from the Bryan locks, b:it
"things are doing," a good many more "things"
than the general public has any knowledge of.
In due time emissaries are to be sent to the
central states and to the transmississippi states
to talk over the situation with influential Dem-
ocrats.

GOVERNOR HUGHES IN 1908

Roosevelt May Favor the New York Man if Taft
Leaves Race.

Thus far the run of thinfjs in the Repub-
lican party has been for Taft. Should the
Taft interest wane, the following remains as
a possibility in the background. The item
is from the New York Evening Post :

If it be conceded that one man's prescience
is as good as another's fifteen months before a
national convention, Charles E. Hughes has as
good a chance of becoming the Republican nomi-
nee for the presidency in 1908 as William H.
Taft. Signs and intimations are not lacking that
Mr. Hushes may become the alternative candi-
date of the President.

THE PANDEX

631

Every Republican with any claim to a voice
in the national councils in the party is watchint?
Hug:hes like a hawk. President Roosevelt is at
the head of this list. He has announced that
he will ask Governor Hughes to visit him this
summer "to talk about things." If the Presi-
dent finds the Governor in accord with him on
such matters of national import as control of the
corporations and a stronger and more rigid
supervision of the transportation lines, Mr.
Hughes' chances of becoming the Roosevelt
nominee next summer will be that much stronger.

The President does not like to have it said
that he is trying to control the national conven-
tion. He knows the blight that has rested upon
presidential choices of their succfessors. So, also.

it may be assumed, does Mr. Hughes. None of
the Republican leaders believes that Mr. Hughes
would be a strong candidate on his record to date.
But he may do much in the next twelve or fif-
teen months to enlarge his figure in the national
eye. After Taft, he is the strongest of any of
the "potential candidates." He has, indeed,
"the right preliminary character" and "the
right preliminary record" and even the radical
Roosevelt believes that the Governor of New
York is "in entire accord with the mood and
spirit of the times." So his growth and the
record of his achievements at Albany next win-
ter will be performances to which a national sig-
nificance will attach.

THE STORY OF A WARD

THE "PEARL OF THE ANTILLES" AND ITS MANY DIFFICULTIES.
RECORD OF THE AMERICAN SUZERAINTY.—GOMEZ, THE
LIBERALS. AND THE RURAL GUARDS.

IF the domestic problem of control of the
railroads were the only heavy responsibil-
ity resting upon the shoulders of the Federal
administration doubtless Mr. Roosevelt would
consider his path comparatively easy. But,
as is said in the editorial for this month, the
United States has expanded so far into the
general domain of nations that home prob-
lems threaten to become almost dwarfed in
comparison with the larger ones which lie
beyond the nation's borders. Of the many
latter, none now rises into greater magnitude
than the question of the disposition of Cuba.
The Executive administration is doing its
best to live up to the pledges which the
United States made when they liberated the
island from Spain, but the island itself seems
unable to meet its end of the bargain ; and no
less acute a statesman than Andrew D.
White regards this insular undertaking as
the most ominous feature that confronts the
American Nation.

PETITIONING FOR PROTECTION

Cuban Business Men Ask for American Control
of the Island.

Cubans there are who perceive the help-
lessness of their own country, and of these
many have taken the action indicated in the
following from the New York Herald :

Havana, Cuba. — So far ten petitions for aii
American protectorate, signed by Cubans of
property or having substantial business inter-
ests, have come back to the headquarters of the
movement in Havana. Beyond sending the blank
forms to various points on request no special
effort has been made to obtain signatures to the
simple prayer that when the next Cuban Republic
shall have been established the United States
shall share with it the responsibility of avoid-
ing insurrections. There are thousands of
Cubans having material interests at stake who
believe they only can be conserved by American
control, continued until the natives have been
taught to govern themselves without resort to
violence and revolution. A few such have asked
for the blank forms and have circulated them
among Cubans who, like themselves, have prop-
erty and whose signatures were the only kind
desired.

632

THE P A N D E X

MADE POOR LEGISLATORS

Cuban Congress Enacted Laws Only for the
Members and Their Friends.

During Mareli, William E. Curtis, the cor-
respondent of the Chicago Record-Herald,
contributed to his paper a series of observa-
tions made at first hand in Cuba itself.
Among other things, he said:

Havana. — One of the most flag:rant evidences
of the incapacity of the Cubans for self-govern-
ment is found in the record of. the congress of
the republic, which was composed, or, perhaps
it is better to say, claimed to be composed, of
the most intelligent and cultivated of the native
Cuban population. There were no foreigners in
the congress. The members were very largely
patriots who had participated in the war for
independence and undertook to govern the peo-
ple to whom they had given freedom. Yet dur-
ing five annual sessions they did practically noth-
ing but talk and pass a few bills affecting their
personal interests and for the benefit of indi-
vidual friends. They did nothing for the public
welfare ; they did not even create the executive
departments of the government or define their
jurisdiction. They left everything of that kind
just as arranged by General Wood, and the vari-
ous branches and bureaus of the government are
now running under the military orders issued by
him previous to the organization of the republic.
The judiciary of the country remains practically
as it was under Spain. The Cuban congress made
no changes in the system, while the municipal-
ities still remain as General Wood left them.

The constitution of Cuba required the congress
to pass certain laws to make it effective — making
the judiciary independent of the executive and
legislative branches, as it is in the United States,
giving the judges a tenure for life, and securing
representation for the minority in both houses
of congress — but although President Palma again
and again called attention to the omission, the
congress was so busy creating offices, raising
salaries, and granting concessions that it could
do nothing else.

HAS A CRAZE FOR GRAFT

Island Has Been Debauched by Big Gratuities
and Fat Public Jobs.

Another phase of the Cuban nature which
Mr. Curtis reflected was the following:

Havana. — One of the causes of the unrest
in Cuba and the demoralization of the common
people is the manner in which they have been
debauched by gratuities since the war of inde-
pendence. From 16,000 to 18,000 men have ob-
tained employment under the government, one-
half of them holding sinecures at large salaries
that were created for their individual benefit

without regard to the public interest, and at least
$70,000,000 has been distributed in cash theoret-
ically as compensation for the services and the
sacrifices of those who took part in the war
against Spain. This generosity has enabled the
more restless portion of the community to live
without labor, and it is naturally difficult for
them to settle down to work. According to com-
mon rumor the larger part of this sum went into
the pockets of speculators and middlemen, and
the payrolls were padded with the names of im-
postors, so that the men who actually did the
fighting got very little of it and are still clamor-
ing for relief. Only the other day a committee
of generals waited upon Governor Magoon and
with rather peremptory emphasis demanded
that he should immediately pay the veterans of
the "war of liberation" the money that is due
them.

WANT THE LID LIFTED

Cubans Crave Restoration of the Bull Ring and
the Cock Pit.

Still another phase of the Cuban nature
which showed itself to Mr. Curtis was the
following :

Havana. — Secretary Taft is supposed to be on
his way to Havana via the Isthmus of Panama,
and his arrival is awaited with great anxiety
because he is expected to settle numerous im-
portant controversies that have arisen while
Governor Magoon has been sitting on the lid.
Unfortunately Magoon has no power to act in
serious matters of controversy. He is required
to pass up everything to Washington, including
one of the most important questions that is
agitating the Cuban population, whether General
Wood's order forbidding cockfighting shall be
revoked.

This may seem ridiculous to the North Amer-
ican reader, but it is a very serious matter down
here; a question that involves one of the most
important political issues. Delegations have been
calling upon the governor general regularly for
several weeks, and the newspapers have con-
tained columns of arguments and opinions on
one side or the other. General Wood also pro-
hibited bullfighting and lotteries and his orders
still stand under the Piatt amendment. Gov-
ernor Magoon will not revoke them. It will
have a bad effect to revoke any order that has
been issued by anybody, or to repeal any law
that stands on the statute books, at the demand
of the insurrectos, because such action will be
construed on all sides as cowardice. The insur-
rectos will assume that their threats have been
effective in one case and will try the same
method in others, while the public generally will
assume that the American Government is afraid
of another revolution and has yielded to the

THE P AND EX

ti:j3

CAN HE REACH IT?

-Spokane Spokesman Review.

634

THE PANDEX

swashbucklers. As an easy way out of the
dilemma the liberals have proposed local option
in cockflghting, gambling, and other public vices.
They claim that Secretary Taft promised them
the privilege of controlling their own affairs and
they would like to have that promise applied
in this particular case by permitting municipal
authorities throughout the island to decide
whether there shall be cockflghting in their juris-
diction or not.

PROGRESS UNDER PROTECTION

Half Finished Works Are Carried Out Since the
United States Took Hold of Affairs.

The recent events which were encouraging
the business men of the island to the action
mentioned in the first article given above
were thus described in part by Mr. Curtis:

Havana. — There have been great improvements
in the city of Havana since the independence of
Cuba and I am told that the same may be said
of all the cities of the republic. The Americans
made the plans and gave the impetus during their
occupation of the country after the evacuation
by the Spanish army and the government of
President Palma carried out many of them.
Others were left unfinished, and the pi'ovisional
government has taken them up again. The
Cubans do not have the tenacity of purpose
that was required to complete all of the material
reforms that were planned for them by General
Wood. Nevertheless, they did more during the
five years they have been in power than the
Spanish government did in fifty. Under Spain
for the last quarter of a century everything in
Cuba was going down. The people were op-
pressed as they never had been before, the treas-
ury was robbed of the larger part of the revenue,
private enterprise was discouraged by heavy
taxation and tyrannical treatment, and very lit-
tle progress was made. Under the republic,
however, there was wholesome and permanent
progress in all directions. Havana, Santiago,
Cienfuegos, Matanzas, and other cities were
greatly improved and modernized.

GOOD RECORD BY U. S. TROOPS

American Soldiers Exerted an Exemplary Influ-
ence 07er Cuban People.

In another article Mr. Curtis gave the fol-
lowing further showing of the beneficial in-
fluence of the American control of the island
since the resignation of President Palma:

Havana. — The United States army has done
itself great credit in Cuba. There has not been
the slightest trouble with the soldiers; they have
.behaved themselves in an exemplary manner;
the arrests have been few ; there has been no

disorder whatever, and no altercations with the
natives. Their health has also been remarkable.
Shortly after the arrival of the troops last Octo-
ber there were several cases of typhoid fever
which they brought with them, but it was soon
stamped ouf, and the sick list for February,
including accidents, was 2.1 per cent. That is
remarkable. There have been very few deaths,
hardly enough to calculate a percentage. _

When they arrived here the troops were ad-
monished as to their duty, to conduct themselves
so as to furnish a good example to the Cubans
and to promote individually, so far as possible,
the pacification of the country. They were told
that they were not here to fight, but to serve as
an object lesson and a moral force, and they
have followed these instructions with a discre-
tion that deserves the highest commendation.

The officers and their ffimilies have been a
valuable addition to the social life of Cuba and
the soldiers are almost universally popular with
the people. The army is scattered pretty well
over the island. There are several posts in each
of the provinces with one, two, or three com-
panies at each, and the best test of their pop-
ularity is the protests that are always made
by the citizens when they are ordered away.
The citizens object to changes, also. Like all the
Latin races, the Cubans are suspicious and dis-
trustful of strangers. It takes some time to get
their confidence, but when they become convinced
that you are sincere and sympathetic, they are
as tiiistful as a child. Hence they don't like
change. The same is true in the Philippines.

THE STRENGTH OF GOMEZ

He Is Making a Promising Fight to Succeed to
the Cuban Presidency.

The thing that broke Cuba loose from
Spain was the indomitable desire of its
people for independence and for the per-
sonal and collective privileges and distinc-
tions which go with governmental auton-
omy ; and it required only the ten years.' war
which culminated in 1898 to prove that the
country had its own big men and its own big
motives. Mr. Curtis gives the following in
regard to one of the present big men :

Havana. — General Jose Miguel Gomez has been
described as the Bryan of Cuba. He is the
leader of the liberal party, although this honor
is disputed by a rival. He was the candidate
of the liberal party at the last presidential
election, and expects to be at the next, although
that honor is also disputed by a fonnidable rival,
Alfredo Zayas. General Gomez is putting up a
very active fight, however, and his prospects of

THE PANDEX

635

TEACHER'S PET.

— Cleveland Plain Dealer.

obtaining the nomination are said to be quite
as g'ood as those of his opponent. He is himself
very confident and expects to be the next presi-
dent of Cuba. He is not related to the late
Maximo Gomez, general-in-chief of the insurgents
during- the war of independence, but is the son
of a ranchman of Santa Clara province in the
center of the island, has followed his father's
occupation and has been active in three revo-
lutions— the ten years' war, the war of indepen-
dence, and the recent insurrection for the over-
throw of President Palma, which resulted in the
establishment of the provisional government.

Since independence he has been governor of
Santa Clara province and acquired almost abso-
lute political authority there. He belonged to the
moderate party until a year or so ago, when he
fell out with Mendez Capote, its leader, and
went over to the liberals, where he took the
head of the procession and was promptly nomi-
nated for president. His change of politics
caused his removal from the governoi'ship of
Santa Clara and he became manager of a large
sugar estate belonging to J. M. Cebellos & Co.
of New York, who recently failed because of the
defalcation of Silviera, the local partner, who
i3 accused of having stolen $1,000,000 from the
firm and is now in Venezuela a fugitive from
justice. General Gomez was interested with Sil-
viera in a cattle ranch, and is said to have suf-
fered considerably by the failure. He has re-
cently returned from Venezuela, where he en-
deavored to secure a settlement with his partner,
but, according to common report, was not suc-
cessful. He is now devoting himself entirely to
politics and strengthening his organization in the
liberal party in anticipation of the presidential
election in November.

RURAL GUARDS ARE THE ISSUE

Revolutionists Regard Them as a Formidable
Obstacle to Insurrection.

The essential conflict between American
suzerainty and Cuban ambition is reflected
in the following from one of Mr. Curtis 's
letters :

Havana. — The standing army of Cuba consists
of 2000 artillerymen, drilled also as infantry,
who occupy the fortifications at Havana, San-
tiago, Cienfuegos, and other cities along the
coast. No greater force is necessary because
under the treaty the United States is bound to
defend Cuba from foreign invasion. Domestic
peace is preserved by an organization known as
the rural guards, composed of picked men from
the Army of Independence and formed by Major
H. J. Slocum of the Second Cavalry in 1901.
It is similar to the guarde civil of Spain, the
Basillere of Italy, and the rurales of Mexico.
Under a law of Congress the rural 'guard is en-
titled to a maximum force of 10,000 men, but
its present strength is 4,482, including 21 field
officers, 140 line officers, 515 non-commissioned
officers, and 3808 privates. They are scatteied
among 360 stations about the island and are paid
$21 a month, with an allowance of $48 a year
for uniforms. The officers are paid from $100
a month down.

The rural guard is composed of a fine class
of men. They are young, active, intelligent fel-
lows, filled with ambition and having a high
sense of duty. During the recent revolution they
were loyal to the government and offered the
only resistance that was made to the insurgents.

636

THE PANDEX

They suffered a severe shock when Secretary
Taft made terms with the rebels, because they
had been taught from the beginning that it was
their duty to support the constitutional govern-
ment without question, and they could not under-
stand why the United States should temporize
with its enemies. It has been very difficult to
make them understand that the situation caused
by the resignation of President Palma and his
cabinet made it necessary to exercise diplomacy
in treating with his opponents.

The liberal party is opposed to the rural
guards, because such a body of men, if properly
handled, can be made an effective obstacle to
revolutionary success. When President Roose-
velt sent Major Slocum back to Havana to re-
sume command of his little corps and ordered its
increase to the maximum allowed by law, the
liberal newspapers and generals made a deter-
mined remonstrance, and General Pino Guerra,
commander of the insurgents, and other liberal
generals made a formal protest. Upon the
recommendation of Governor Magoon the matter
was held in abeyance, but it is understood that
the guards will be gradually increased to 5000
men and 150 officers.

SCHOOLS ABE THE CHIEF NEED

Little Prospect of Cuban Improvement Under
Present Educational Conditions.

What underlies all other vs'eaknesses in tlie
Cuban situation is told by Mr. Curtis in the
following wherein he quotes the statements
of a veteran American missionary in the
island :

The most important work in Cuba at the pres-
ent time is educational. General Wood estab-
lished public schools all over the island, but, aside
from a summer's study at Harvard under the
direction of Professor Frye, the first superin-
tendent, no provision was made for the education
of teachers. As a natural result the schools are
going down. The government appropriates

$6,000,000 a year for educational purposes, but
the larger proportion of it is wasted. The local
school boards are entirely under political con-
trol, and in nearly all the provinces teachers
are appointed for political reasons, so that a
good many of them are ignorant and illiterate.
I have not seen it myself, but I have been told
that an official circular giving instructions con-
cerning the manner in which applications for
appointment as teachers should be made con-
tains a foot note stating that applicants who can
not write will be permitted to make the sign of
the cross. There is a bureau of education super-
vising all this, but there is no normal school to
prepare native teachers, and it will not employ
foreigners. It is all politics.

The parents generally, particularly among the
poorer classes, are eager for education, and often
send their children to parochial schools, which
are defective and do not give a thorough edu-
cation. This is particularly true of the convents
and other Catholic schools for girls, where they
teach music, embroidery, the legends of the saints
and the catechism, but very little else. Since
the present intervention there has been no im-
provement in the condition of the schools. Very
little or no attention has been paid to them;
indeed, in several eases children have been turned
out of schoolhouses in order to accommodate de-
tachments of United States troops. At the town
of Guines, about forty miles from Havana, there
is a splendid school building, but the children
were driven out last October and the building is
now occupied as a barracks.

The lack of schools will perpetuate present
conditions, and the people will continue incapa-
ble of self-government for another generation,
because only the favored class is being educated.
The rich, who can afford to pay tuition, send
their children to private schools, but nothing is
done for the poor — not so much as was done
by the Spaniards. The 500,000 negro popula-
tion is growing up entirely illiterate, and
throughout the entire island you will be fortunate
if you can find twenty men out of a hundred
who can read or ten out of a hundred women.

Impartial Mr. Roosevelt

Says Roosevelt : I announce no choice.
To no man will I lend my voice,
I have no private candidate,
I care not whom you nominate —
Just so it's Taft.

To none will I show preference,
To me it makes no difference.
The party may choose any man
Who is a good Republican —
Just so it's Taft.

The people are untrammeled, free,
To pick out their own nominee.
Par be it from me to dictate
Who shall direct affairs of state —
Just so it's Taft.

— Kansas City Times.

THE P A N D E X

0:{7

THE ANANIAS CLUB

GETTING CROWDED.

-Pittsburg Dispatch.

A TALE IN CARTOONS

638

THE P A N D P: X

^Z~fforfr/£f^Lr

EXCUSE ME, MR. HARRIMAN, YOU'RE IN THE WRONG PEW.

— St. Louis Globe Democrat.

THE P AND EX

{•m

SHADE OF ANANIAS— "GOSH!"

— Chicago Inter-Ocean.

640

THE PANDEX

AN INITIATION.
Mr. Harriman Gets a Free Ride on the Goat.

-Chicago News.

THE P A N D E X

641

^IONLSMLO(NE

JjV

aiii

TRANCE (TO MOROCCO)— SOME DAY QUICK
WE SHALL HAVE ZE GRAND TROUBLE.

France will demand indemnity and apology
from Morocco for recent outrages there against
the French. — (News Item).

— Adapted from International Syndicate.

PEACE AND REVOLUTION

WHILE THE COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD PLAN THE PERIODICAL

CONFERENCE AT THE HAGUE, RUSSIA STILL STRUGGLES

WITH REFORM. ROUMANIA HAS AN UPRISING, AND

CHINA IS BEING TRANSFORMED

PRESIDENT Roosevelt's position being so
intimately related to the affairs of other
tfations, and his course of conduct being so
critical in its possible influence upon the in-
ternational situation at large, the approach
of the peace conference at the Hague, the
agreement for a tariff interchange between
the United States and Germany, the newly
disclosed tension between Canada and Great
Britain and the visit of Embassador Bryce
to the Dominion to prevent the spread of a
threatened dissension, the rapid rise of China
into its new estate of modernity, the gradual
installation of reforms in Russia, and many
similar events and tendencies in the various
principalities and powers have a peculiar
unity of significance.

THE CONFERENCE AT THE HAGUE

Limitation of Naval Growth Urged by England,

and Protection of Neutral Goods

by Other Powers.

The approaching conference at the Hague,
for example, undoubtedly is another step
forward in the final making of an inter-
national congress wherein laws shall be
framed as definitely as in a legislature of any
state or kingdom or republic. Said the Chi-
cago Tribune concerning some of the plans
for this conference :

Washington, D."C. — If the powers of the world
adopt the tentative program now under con-
sideration for discussion at the impending peace
conference at The Hague, the most advanced
steps yet taken for the prevention and ameli-
oration of war will be made.

Two broad propositions have been suggested,
the first by England, which contemplates naval

642

THE PANDEX

disarmaments, and the second by different powers
making neutral goods immune from seizure upon
the high seas, whether carried in merchantmen
belonging to a belligerent power or not.

To both of these propositions, in a general
way, the United States is favorable. In 1904
Congress adopted a joint resolution declaring it
desirable that the President should endeavor to
bring about an understanding among the prin-
cipal maritime powers with a view to incorporat-
ing into the permanent law of the civilized na-
tions the principle of exemption of all private
property at sea, not contraband of war, from
capture or destruction by belligerents.

Other matters closely affecting the rights of
neutrals which, will be discussed at The Hague
are the distinctions to be made between absolute
and conditional contraband of war, and the in-
violability of the official and private correspon-
dence of neutrals.

STEAD REVEALS HIS 'IDEA'

English Anti-War Apostle Outlines Plan for a
Peace Pilgrimage.

The extent to which the Hague Confer-
ence can command the enthusiasm of persons
who look with large vision upon the affairs
of the world is illustrated in the following
from the Chicago Tribune :

New York, April 7.— W. T. Stead, the English
apostle of international peace, discussed the op-
portunity afforded Americans by the coming
Hague conference of rousing other nations to
make definite progress toward the ideal de-
scribed by his phrase, "The United States of the
World," in a speech he delivered from the pulpit
of Plymouth Church, Brooklyn, to-night.

He urged that at the coming peace convention
twelve representative American men and women
should be selected as the nucleus of a "pilgrim-
age of peace." These persons would then appeal
to the American people for their indorsement by
public meetings or signed memorials.

Armed with this evidence of national support,
they would in the first case go as a deputation
to the President, asking him to instruct his dele-
gates at The Hague to support the above pro-
gram.

Wants Pilgrimage to Europe.

Then they would approach the British ambas-
sador, informing him of their 'intention to start
at once for England in order to appeal to the
British people for their support in pi'essing their
requests upon the king and his ministers.

The other members of the diplomatic corps at
Washington also would be apprised of the object
of the pilgrimage. Then would come a sendoff
banquet at New York, and the "Pilgrims of

Peace" could start in the first week of May for
their tour through the capitals of Europe.

Mr. Stead said there was no doubt that they
would receive an overwhelmingly popular recep-
tion in Britain, where the ground already had
been prepared. At London they would be joined
by four pilgrims from each of the three Scandi-
navian countries, and the Americans and Scandi-
navians, together with twelve British pilgrims,
would present their petition to the king at Buck-
ingham palace and to his ministers in Downing
Street.

The thirty-six pilgrims would then cross over
to Paris. The same thing would be repeated
there. Receptions by the president of the re-
public and his ministers, the municipality, and
the Chamber of Commerce would afford ample
demonstration of the loyalty of France to the
principle of fraternity.

The pilgrims, now swollen to forty-eight by the
addition of twelve French pilgrims, would pick
up others at Geneva, and then go on to Rome.
From Rome the pilgrims, now sixty-two in num-
ber, would go to Russia, and eighty-six would
arrive at Berlin, ninety-eight would reach Brus-
sels, and then one hundred would finally round
up at The Hague to present their petition to the
conference, which is to assemble on June 1.

Mr. Stead said that the idea had been received
with enthusiasm in Europe.

MAY CHANGE THE PROGRAM

Powers Reserve Right to Bring Up Subjects at
the Hague Meeting.

Exact views of the Hague gathering are to
be had from the following, as given in the
dispatches of the Associated Press:

Washington. April 4. — Baron Rosen, the Rus-
sian ambassador, to-day delivered to Secretary
Root the Russian circular note relative to the ap-
proaching Hague conference, received by him yes-
terday from St. Petersburg. The note is as fol-
lows:

The undersigned Ambassador of Russia, by or-
der of his government, has the honor to make the
following communication to his excellency, the
Secretary of State of the United States:

Before the second peace conference is called,
the Imperial Government deems it an obligation
to submit to the powers which have accepted its
invitation a statement of the present situation.

All the powers to which the Imperial Govern-
ment communicated in April, 1906, its tentative
program of the labors of the new conference have
declared their adherence thereto.

However, the following remarks have been
made with respect to that program:

The Government of the United States has re-
served to itself the liberty of submitting to the
second conference two additional questions, viz.:
That of the reduction or limitation of armaments

THE PANDEX

648

and that of bringing about an agreement to ob-
serve certain limitations in the use of force in
collecting ordinary public debts accruing from
contracts.

The Spanish Government has expressed a desire
to discuss the limitation of armaments, reserving
to itself the right to deal with this question at
the next meeting at The Hague.

The British Government has given notice that
it attaches great importance to having the ques-

gram might be conveniently included among the
subjects for consideration and reserves to itself
the right to take no part in or withdraw from any
discussion taking or tending to take a trend
which, in its judgment, would not be conducive
to any useful result.

The Governments of Bolivia, Denmark, Greece,
and the Netherlands have also reserved to them-
selves, in a general way, the right to submit to the
consideration of the conference other subjects

GETTING THE TOP BARS DOWN.

-St. Paul Dispatch.

tion of expenditures for armament discussed at
the conference and has reserved to itself the
right of raising it; it has also reserved to itself
the right of taking no part in the discussion of
any question mentioned in the Russian program
which would be unlikely to produce any useful
result to it.

Japan is of the opinion that certain questions
that are not especially enumerated in the pro-

similar to those that are explicitly mentioned in
the Russian program.

The Imperial Government deems it its duty to
declare, for its part, that it maintains its pro-
gram of the month of April, 1906, as the basis
for the deliberations of the conference, and that
if the conference should broach a question that
would appear to it unlikely to end in any prac-
tical issue it reserves to itself, in its turn, the

644

THE PANDEX

right to take no part in such a discussion.

Eemarks similar to this last have been made by
the German and Austro-Hungarian Governments,
which have likewise reserved to themselves the
right to take no part in the discussion by the
conference of any question which would appear
unlikely to end in any practical issue.

In bringing these reservations to the knowl-
edge of the powers and with the hope that the
laboi-s of the second peace conference will create
new guarantees for the good understanding of
the nations of the civilized world, the Imperial
Government has addressed to the Government of
the Netherlands a request that it may be pleased
to call the conference for the first days of June.

The original program for the conference was
presented to the powers on April 12, 1906. The
matters proposed for discussion were:

1. Improvements to be made in the provisions
of the convention relative to the peaceful settle-
ment of international disputes as regards the
Court of Arbitration and the International Com-
mission of Inquiry.

2. Additions to be made to the provisions of
the convention of 1899 relative to the laws and
customs of war on land, among others those con-
cerning the opening of hostilities, the rights of
neutrals on land, et cetera. Declarations of
1899. One of these having expired, question of
its being revived.

3. Framing of a convention relative to the
laws and customs of maritime warfare, concern-
ing:

The special operations of maritime warfare,
such as the bombardment of ports, cities, and
villages by a naval force, the laying of torpedoes,
et cetera.

The transformation of merchant vessels into
warships.

The private property of belligerents at sea.

The length of time to be granted to merchant
ships for their departure from. ports of neutrals
or of the enemy after the opening of hostilities.

The rights and duties of neutrals at sea,
among others the questions of contraband, the
rules applicable to belligerent vessels in neutral
ports; destruction, in case of vis major, of neu-
tral merchant vessels captured as prizes.

In the said convention to be drafted there would
be introduced the provisions relative to war on
land that would be also applicable to maritime
warfare.

4. Additions to be made to the convention of
1899 for the adaptation to maritime warfare of
the principles of the Geneva convention of 1864.

It is expected that June 15 will be selected as
the date for the opening of the conference.

NEW ERA DUE IN CHINA

Evidence That the Dowager's Land Will Soon
Rank With Japan.

"While the nations are preparing to take
mutual counsel at the capital of Holland, the

empire which was the cause of the most re-
cent war is writing the following history for
itself, the item being from the Chicago
News:

The Reverend Doctor Hunter Corbett, who has
been a missionary in China since 1863, represent-
ing the American Presbyterian Church there, re-
cently when in Chicago gave an interview which
throws much light on present conditions in China.
Doctor Corbett is stationed at Chefoo, which is
opposite Port Arthur, and travels over the prov-
ince of Shantung, the country of the sages, Con-
fucius and Mencius, establishing stations and
missions of his Church.

"When I left America on July 3, 1863, the
day of the battle of Gettysburg," said Mr. Cor-
bett, "there were no railroads across the United
States, no steamships crossing the Pacific Ocean,
no Suez Canal, and no cable around the world.
In China, as may be imagined, the situation was
much worse. To-day the empire is awakening in
a marvelous way. Telegraph wires are in opera-
tion between all the walled cities, postoffices have
been established at the leading centers, and in
the last six years one hundred and fifty news-
papers have been established, all widely read.
The Government has established schools in all
branches from the kindergarten to the university
all over the empire.

"A constitutional form of government is in
effect and a parliament is promised in the near
future. Proclamations have been issued by the
Government urging all to give up the ci-uel sys-
tem of foot-binding, and a strenuous effort is be-
ing made to suppress opium smoking. The Brit-
ish Government agreed last May to release China
. thereafter from receiving opium from India.

"Military schools and colleges are crowded
with young men who are daily taught and drilled
by experts from Japan. A high official has been
appointed to reorganize the Chinese army on a
western basis. The military possibilities of China
are such that if she would put the same ratio in
her army as Germany she could furnish 40,000,000
of troops and still have a large enough force left
to carry on the ordinary industries of the nation.
According to GeneraJ ('Chinese') Gordon and
others there can be found no braver or more effi-
cient men than the Chinese when they are prop-
erly drilled and led. Wait a few years and let
Japan and China unite and what western nation
would want to meet them on the battlefield?

Chinese Are High-Minded.

"China is eager for the help that the United
States, as a nation, is able to give. By sending
wise and statesmanlike men to represent the
States as ministers and consuls, wonders could
be accomplished, for these men could advise with
high Chinese officials and help them to under-
stand the necessity and importance of coloniza-
tion— the moving of families from overcrowded
distiicts to less congested localities.

"If the Christian churches would send forth

THE P AND EX

045

WILLKOMMEN, PRINZ!
Emperor William has decided to send Ms son, Prince Oscar, to Harvard University.

— St. Louis Globe-Democrat

646

THE PANDEX

an increased number of well-educated men and
women to learn the Chinese language and system
of the colleges, they would meet with a warm wel-
come from all classes and be able to build a high
ideal before the rising generation, and by start-
ing Christian influences could make the Chinese
nation a power for good and not for terror.

"The Chinese have remarkable character,
though the average person here knows nothing
of this. Here you see only the worst of the Chi-
nese, the lowest dregs of the empire as a rule, but
the better class of the Chinese are surely worth
while. They are the most industrious, persever-
ing, family-loving, law-abiding, and most econom-
ical people, perhaps, on earth. Many of the
young people there are brainy and equal to
any task the West has yet been able to set before
them."

RUSSIA'S LIST OF REFORMS

Government's Program Designed to Bring True
Constitutional Regime.

Also, the nation Which participated in the
most recent war and shortly turned from the
tragedy of defeat in battle to the deeper
tragedy of revolution at home, has begun to
write new history for itself. Witness the fol-
lowing, from the Chicago Record-Herald :

St. Petersburg. — A new regime for Russia — •
one of true constitutional government, with the
oppressive system of the past largely cast aside —
was mapped out to the Lower House of Parlia-
ment as the program to which the Government
had given its consent, and which it asked the
Duma to put into effect. Reforms so comprehen-
sive that, if accepted, they will change Russia's
system of government are provided for in the
series of bills which Premier Stolypin outlined
in a speech to the Duma.

Notwithstanding the nature of the premier's
speech, an attack on the Government was made
by the radicals in the House, and it grew so bit-
ter that M. Stolypin issued a peremptory ultima-
tum to the effect that the Government would not
tolerate revolutionary tactics on the floor of the
Duma.

"Our country," said the premier, "must be
transformed into a constitutional state. Real
measures must be adopted to define and deter-
mine the rights of the state and of private indi-
viduals and to abolish the contradictions between
the old and new laws and the arbitrary interpre-
tations placed upon them by private persons as
well as officials. The Government, therefore, has
decided that it is necessary to submit a series of
bills establishing the new regime in Russia."

Outlines Proposed Laws.

M. Stolypin then enumerated the laws pro-
mulgated before the meeting of Parliament, and

said they are now submitted to the House for its
consideration.

The projects of law enumerated by M. Stoly-
pin are summarized as follows:

Freedom of speech and of the press.

Liberty of faith.

Habeas corpus, on the same basis as other
states.

The substitution of a single form of martial
law for the various decrees of exceptional se-
curity.

Local self-government.

Reform of the zemstvos.

Responsibility of officials.

Agrarian reforms.

Abolition of the free entry of goods into
Vladivostok.

Completion of the Trans-Siberian Railroad in
Russian territory.

Popular education.

Other reforms which have not been presented
in the shape of bills, but which the premier said
soon would be introduced, are :

Workmen 's insurance.

Old-age and medical relief for workmen.

Prohibition of night and underground work
for women and children.

Shorter hours for workmen.

Income tax.

The premier said the Government had decided
to abrogate administrative exile.

M. Stolypin promised a complete reorganiza-
tion of the zemstvos, municipal and other local
administrations.

EXCHANGING TARIFF CONCESSIONS

Germany to Admit American Meat in Return for
Admission of Wines.
Altho, when the United States was last
at war, there were rumors that her next an-
tagonist might be the nation of the Kaiser,
the following, bearing upon the cause of
international commerce, will show that mar-
tial probabilities do not lie in that direction :

Washington. — The first step has been taken
for the removal of the long applied prohibition
against the admission of American meats into
the German empire.

As a result of the negotiations conducted by
Secretary Root and Baron Speck von Sternbiirg,
the German ambassador, based upon the joint re-
port of the American-German tariff commission,
the German government has consented not only
to give to American products the benefit of the
minimum tariff law of the empire but to authorize
the admission, upon payment of the usual duties,
of American bacon and dressed meat.

In return for this important concession Secre-
tary Root has agreed to add champagne and all
other sparkling wines to the list of articles named
in section 3 of the Dingley tariff act, lower

THE PANDEX

647

^^fntTAT^dl^l

HISTORY DEFEATS ITSELF.
Shade of Paul Kruger: "What! Botha Premier? Well, These English Do 'Stagger
Humanity'!" " —Punch.

648

THE PANDEX

duties upon which have been enjoyed by Ger-
many under previous reciprocity agreements.
The articles include argols, crude tartar, crude
wine lees, brandies, and other manufactured or
distilled spirits, still wines and vermuth, paint-
ings, pastels, drawings, and statuary.

deliver a special series of lectures at Bonn on
American constitutional history for the benefit
of Prince August Wilhelm.

. PRINCE TO BE A ROOSEVELT

Kaiser Wants Son to Grow Up With President's
Boy.

The following will still further show the
pacific trend of the relationship between the
Teutons and the Americans. The item is
from the Chicago Tribune :

Berlin. — To his desire to have one of his sons
grow up with one of President Roosevelt's boys
i.s chiefly due the decision of Emperor William to
send his fifth son. Prince Oscar, to Har\-ard
university in September.

By entering Harvard at the beginning of the
next college year Prince Oscar will have Theo-
dore Roosevelt as a college mate, while Pres-
ident Roosevelt's second son, Kermit, may begin
his Harvard course at the same time.

The kaiser's decision to send his fifth son to
the famous American university is a continua-
tion of his majesty's American policy, which
began with the dispatch of his brother, Prince
Henry of Prussia, to the United States in 1903,
nnd which has been kept up meantime by a series
of compliments such as the donation of statues,
the buying of American yachts, the exchange of
professors by German and American universities,
and by conspicuous hospitality to distinguished
American visitors.

Nothing definite in regard to Prince Oscar's
plans for going to Harvard so far is known at
the German foreign office or American embassy
at Berlin. The kaiser first expressed his inten-
tion to educate one of his sons at Harvard at
a dinner at the American embassy last year. He
at the time had in mind his fourth son. Prince
August Wilhelm, but as he has since become en-
gaged to be married the kaiser apparently de-
cided that Prince Oscar, who will be 19 years old
in July, should be the one to receive the advan-
tage of a thoroughly democratic university
training.

It is probable Prince Oscar will be accom-
panied by a military adjutant. He now is an
undergraduate of Bonn university.

Two facts determined the emperor in his choice
of Harvard. First, it is the alma mater of Pres-
ident Roosevelt and Ambassador Tower, who is
extremely popular at the German court, and sec-
ondly it is the American university which makes
a specialty of German subjects. Furthennore, it
is the seat of that small American cult which
opposes the Monroe doctrine.

It is announced that Prof. Burgess of Col-
umbia university, emeritus Roosevelt professor
at the University of Berlin, will this summer

FIRM FRONT IN MOROCCO

France Determined to Compel the Unhappy Sul-
tan to Have Respect for Her.

More important than the question of pos-
sible hostility between Germany and Amer-
ica is the perpetual question of Franco-
German animosity. The latest threatening
phase of this has been in connection with
Morocco; but, as the following item will
show, even that has vanished :

Paris. — France does not expect any opposition
upon the part of any Power against the course
she has mapped out in regard to Morocco. The
government emphatically denies that the occupa-
tion of Oudja can be regarded as an invasion or
as an aggression. The government desires it to
be understood that France is not taking the
step to enforce her position, as holding a Euro-
pean mandate, but to compel respect for France.
The olflcial view of the situation is as follows:

"The question is entirely between France and
Morocco. There is not the slightest reason for
outside complications. France is not actuated by
ulterior motives. The occupation of Oudja
is for the purpose of demonstrating to Morocco
that she can not flout France with impunity. Here-
tofore France has been extremely lenient. When
an outrage occurred, she has contented herself
with presenting her claims through diplomatic
channels. These have been disregarded so long
that France has been compelled to teach the Sul-
tan a lesson. The commander of the ai'mored
cruiser, Jeanne D'Arc, when that vessel arrives
at Tangier, will hand a list of the French de-
mands to Mohammed El ToiTes, the repi'esenta-
tive of the Sultan. Besides satisfaction for the
murder of Dr. Mauchamp and the organization
of a Moorish police force on the Algerian fron-
tier, Morocco will be required to put an end
to the anarchistic conditions under which the
lives of foreigners of all nations in Moroccan
territory are constantly endangered. France be-
lieves that the Sultan will yield without any
trouble. ' '

ROOT'S DESIGNS ON CANADA

British Suggest That American Is Undermining
English Interests.
As yet there has not developed any bitter-
ness between the United States and its neigh-
bors such as that which exists between Ger-
many and France — at least not since the

THE P AND EX

649

650

THE PANDEX

wars of the early part of the century, but
the following item shows that there are al-
ways some agitators who anticipate such a
feeling :

London. — If the British temperament were
built on the American plan there would be a
good deal of excitement in this community just
now about the future of Canada. Excepting the
dispatches which tell of the sentimental outbursts
that Ambassador Bryce and Premier Laurier in-
dulged in at the recent banquet at Ottawa, as
they discussed the regulations of Canada and
Great Britain, the news that comes here from
both the Dominion and the United States sug-
gests that the future of Canada is considerably
in doubt.

Construing this news in the light of the pres-
ent attitude of Great Britain toward her col-
onies, it seems to many Britishers to indicate that
Canada is drifting from England, if not actually
getting closer to the United States, and is acquir-
ing a distinctly complacent disposition toward
her southern neighbor.

If all one hears is true. Secretary Root, with
artful cajolery, is undermining British interests
in Canada. At any rate, some of the great im-
perialist statesmen of England think so. They
reason that the Canadians will go home from
the coming colonial conference dissatistiert with
the mother country's colonial policy, and con-
vinced that they must look elsewhere for trade
arrangements necessary to their country's devel-
opment— that is, to the United States — and has
not Mr. Root already told them that the United
States, like Barkis, is willing?

Holding this view, the alert imperialists say
that the Canadian question is the biggest thing
in international politics that confronts the coun-
try at the present moment, but their pronounce-
ment does not arouse much interest. The gov-
ernment ignores it, possibly because the pre-
mier, like other radicals, does not care a tig
what becomes of Canada. The public ignores,
because it has not been awakened to it.

IN FEAR OF ENGLISH REGENCY

Roumanians Uneasy Over the Approaching Death
of Their Rulers.

While the Powers seem at last to have so
far quieted things in Macedonia that the
usual spring outburst has been omitted, there
looms into view another field where, possibly,
the Powers will again have to take united
action. Said the Chicago Record-Herald:

Bucharest. — Fear of an English regency is
casting its shadow over the people of Roumania,
the little nation which is just now in the throes of
serious revolts among the peasantry.

The 6,000,000 inhabitants of this kingdom.

created by Alexander John I of the house of
Cuza, when in 1859 he proclaimed the union of
the principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia,
are intensely patriotic.

They have never resented a nominal sway as-
sumed by Turkey, because Constantinople has
been too wary to make the bonds cut. More-
over, the power and patriotism of the present
king, the beloved Charles, has sufficed to serve
as a check on plans that ambitious and covet-
ous nations might have in contemplation.

But now arises a more serious condition.

King Charles is going to die. Death is hov-
ering over him, and entanglements are portend-
ing the instant he passes from life.

Nor in this crisis will Roumania have the help
of the worshiped queen, the lovely Elizabeth, bet-
ter known the world over as a musician and
writer under the pen name of "Carmen Sylva."
She, too, is tottering on the brink of the grave,
the victim of incurable disease.

Throne Went Begging.

The heir to the throne is Prince Ferdinand,
but he is so far removed from the direct line that
the citizens of the country place little reliance
in him.

The original heir to the throne was Prince Leo-
pold of Hohenzollern-Sigmaingen, a brother of
King Charles. It had been contidently expected
by the Roumanians that Leopold would take
the reins of government, and they were content,
for he is very popular, but the brother of the
present monarch had no inclination in the direc-
tion of governor. He declined the place of heir
and appointed in his stead his son, Prince Wil-
helm.

But Wilhelm, following the example of his
father, also declined the throne, which went beg-
ging till it reached Prince Ferdinand. He is a
younger brother of Wilhelm.

Ferdinand promptly accepted the place of heir,
and at the death of Charles will take the throne.

Ferdinand is not personaHv unpopular, but
his wife is. Crown Princess Marie is too thor-
oughly of English stock, too completely out of
sympathy with the people of Roumania to be
regarded as ideal qiieen.

But the misfortune does not stop there, for it
is a probability of the very near future that she
will be the absolute ruler of the nation.

Ferdinand a Consumptive.

Ferdinand is a victim of consumption, which
must in a very few years at most carry him off.
This will bring to the throne Prince Carol, but
as this lad is under 10 years of age his mother
will have to act for him as queen regent.

This period is what Roumania fears. Crown
Princess Marie makes no secret of her intense
partisanship for the English. Nor is this entirely
surprising since by birth she is allied with the
royal family of Great Britain. Her father was
the late Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Duke of Edin-
burgh, the brother of King Edward. Moreover,

THE PANDEX

651

the Czar of Russia and the German Kaiser are
her first cousins.

When Ferdinand fell in love with Marie and
brought her to Bucharest, the capital of his peo-
ple, the nation rejoiced. Marie was and is the
most beautiful member of the royal families of
Europe. Her charming manner added to her
popularity.

But soon it developed that the new princess
■was not only not Roumanian in her leanings,
but was entirely out of sympathy with all that
was most dear to the people.

Her lavish expenditures quickly brought her
into conflict with the ministry and with the legis-
lative bodies.

Conflict Due to Princess.

The electorate scans the annual budget very
closely, and when evidence of more than normal
expenditure is disclosed there is certain to be
some inquiry either in the senate or the cham-
ber of deputies.

It is not hard to see how the princess, trained
in the lavish generosity of the wealthy English
parliament to its ruling family, should quickly
come into conflict with the more economical Rou-
manian legislature.

She sharply resented the limiting of her allow-
ance, and did not hesitate to retort frankly to
those who were responsible.

All the diplomacy of her grandmother by mar-
riage. Queen Elizabeth, was required to smooth
over the rupture. Ferdinand in love with his
superb wife naturally took her side, and did not
by the action add much to the affection of those
whom he must in a short time rule.

Ferdinand and Marie have been bountifully
blessed with children. They have four now —
Carol, the heir apparent; Elizabeth, Marie and
Nicholas. They form admittedly the handsom-
est quartet of children in Europe's royalty.

Moreover, the life of the family is genuinely
happy, for Marie and Ferdinand are devoted to
each other and to their children. Were Ferdi-
nand to live it is likely that his influence with
Marie would suffice to make her tone her preju-
dice against his people.

Nation's Career Stormy.

But the fear is that when he is gone there will
be no check on the will of the beautiful head-
strong princess, and that, given a free reign, she
will consult her own whims to a point that must
e\entually involve her in a serious dispute with
the ministry.

Should such a quarrel arise, Marie would not
let the interests of her son suffer, and would go
to the limit of an appeal to her uncle. King
Edward, of England. It is some such action as
this that the Roumanians most fear.

The forty-eight years that have elapsed since
Roumania began a national life have been stormy
ones, and the nation has only survived because
of the fixed policy of the rulers to avoid giving
any nation of Europe any undue potency at
Bucharest.

WHERE WAR ONCE RAGED

Transvaal's First Parliament Brings Out Remark-
able Speech by Botha.

A monumental instance of the possibility
of war forgetting itself is shown in the fol-
lowing from the New York Evening Post :

London. — The past week will certainly be re-
markable in our history as inaugurating fresh
and more hopeful relations between ourselves and
the Dutch nation in South Africa. Premier
Botha's speech has been acclaimed here on all
sides for its sober optimism and its generous
breadth of view. No trace is left of rancor after
slrife.

An article in the Times is a magnificent tribute
to Gen. Botha on the part of a journal which
latterly has not altogether lacked human weak-
nesses in controversy. "Gen. Botha's policy,"
says the Times, "as he proclaims it, is as simple
as his strategy. We trust that it will prove not
less effective. He does not look over his shoul-
ders after the manner of professed politicians or
try to utter ojie meaning and hint two or three
others. He begins as becomes a soldier, with the
point of honor, and from the honor of his coun-
tiymen — an honor which is untarnished, although
its standards are different from our own — he
goes on to another, and kindly motive, which
none but Boers themselves would appeal to with
efiect. Loyalty to the great empire, of which
they are now a self-governing part, is dictated
to them, he declares, not only by honor and inter-
est, but by gratitude. In his own words, 'Is
it possible for Boers ever to forget such gen-
erosity?' "

WHY MR. CLEMENS DIDN'T TALK

Humorist Explains the Kaiser's Monopoly of the
Dinner Conversation.

A couple of days ago a gentleman called upon
me with a message (from the Gemian emperor).
The wording of the message to me was:

"Convey to Mr. Clemens my kindest regards.
Ask him if he remembers that dinner and ask him
why he didn't do any talking."

Why, how could I talk when he was talking?
He "held the age," as the poker clergy say,
and two can't talk at the same time with good
effect. It reminds me of the inan who was re-
proached by a friend, who said :

"I think it a shame that you have not spoken
to your wife for fifteen years. How do you explain
it? How do you justify it?'"

That poor man said :

"I didn't want to interrupt her."

If the emperor had been at my table he would
not have suffered from my silence ; he would only
have suffered from the soitows of his own soli-
tude. If I were not too old to travel I would go
to Berlin and introduce the etiquette of my own

652

THE PANDEX

table, which tallies with the etiquette observable
at other royal tables. I would say, "Invite me
again, Your Majesty, and give me a chance";
then I would courteously waive rank and do all

the talking myself. I thank His Majesty for his
kind message and am proud to have it and glad
to express my sincere j-ecipro«ation of its senti-
ments.— From Mark Twain's Autobiography in
the North American Review.

THE TALE OF "THE RETREAT"

Ereistov, an Unknown Russian Author, Displays Impressive Genius in a New
Novel of Supremely Terrible Realism.

THO the Russo - Japanese war has
passed into history and there is nothing
left of it but the pathetic aftermath told in
the revolution and famine that spread thru-
out the kingdom of the White Czar, the real
story of the conflict appears destined yet to
be ventilated. Last month Kuropatkin is-
sued his memoirs and stirred the military
world of Russia to its depths. This month
there has appeared, as a dramatic successor
to Kuropatkin 's work, the wonderful and
horrifying tale described and condensed as
follows. The item itself is a translation for
the New York Times by Herman Bernstein
from the Russian of Sophia Witte.

Russia has at present only two representatives
abroad which maintain her declining prestige — •
Russian art and Russian literature. The ex-
hibition of the works of the young Russian
painters and the Moscow troupe of dramatic
artists who recently gave a number of perform-
ances in Germany created a positive furor in
Berlin. Emperor William, himself a painter and
an artist, while visiting the art exhibition, said :
"A nation and a country that is so rich in talent
can not perish."

The well-known German publicist, Maximil-
lian Harden, in answer to a toast proposed by
some of his friends to drink for the repose of
dead Russia, suggested that they go down to the
theater, to the Muscovites, and that they would
be convinced there that it is premature to bury
Russia.

Russia is covered with blood, Russia is ex-
hausted and rent to pieces, Russia is forced to
the wall and almost crushed, but Russia is alive,
for she creates. Russia brings forth her talents
in terrible pains of childbirth, and their works
are written with blood and tears. Of such works
as these two stand out in bold relief, both depict-
ing our last war. The first, "Red Laughter,"
by Leonid Andreyev, is already well known, and
has been translated into every European
language, while the second is a new work, which
has just appeared, "The Retreat," by Erastov.

"Red Laughter" was written with the blood
and "The Retreat" with the tears of Russia.

Who is Erastov? No one knows whether he is
young or old, whether that is his real name or
his pen name. But what matters that? Erastov
is a talent, a new, great, powerful, bright Russian
talent. "The Retreat" is his first work, which
immediately established him as a great writer.
Everything is so simple and so truthful in "The
Retreat"; there is no sign of artificiality, no
sign of striving for the slightest effects. One
feels that Erastov wrote nothing save the truth,
even though at times this truth seems incredible.
Erastov 's book is written in the first person.
Erastov describes in a masterly manner all that
he has seen and heard, and his impressions mark
him as a great artist who is a realist and a poet
at the same time.

On the Way to the Front.

He opens his diary with a description of the
trip to the war. A long train, which looks like
a gigantic caterpillar, puffing heavily, is moving
slowly along the vast Siberian steppes, which are
covered with snow. Dozens of freight cars are

THE PANDEX

653

crowded with live freight — with soldiers, who
talk noisily, abusing each other in the coarsest
way, and occasionally breaking into ringing
laughter. When night set in lanterns were dimly
burning in the cars, and the noise subsided — the
j)eople were having their supper. The bad food
was washed down with vodka. After the vodka
the people became animated again and noisy,
and soon the sounds of the accordion were heard,
accompanied by whistling and the stamping of
feet. In this mirth rang a painful note of sad-
ness which was called forth by recollections of
the life from which these people had just been
torn away, and by thoughts of what was awaiting
them in the near future at the war, whither they
were now taken through the deserts and over
the mountains of Siberia; at times there were
traces of burning tears in their ringing laughter
and their lively songs.

The singing and the dancing stopped, and when
the pale moon appeared from beyond the bluish
clouds and peeped into the cars, heaps of figures
lay huddled together on the floor, fast asleep.
All the ears were now dark; only the car of the
officers was light. There, amid unceasing noise,
the officers ate the daintiest food, drank the best
of wines, and played cards. Only two men did
not participate in the games — Captain of the Ar-
tillery, Ageyev, at all times a serious, sad, and
thoughtful man, and Father Lavrenty, an or-
dinary village priest with an unsightly, thin, and
yellow face, but with beautiful blue, child-like,
bright, clear eyes, and a frank and kindly smile.
The priest lay in his bed, but did not sleep; he
heard the coarse arguments, the cynical discus-
sions, and the drunken laughter; from time to
time he heaved deep sighs and muttered plain-
tively: "0 Lord, forgive them and have mercy
on them."

The Priest and the Oflcer.

When the coarse arguments turned into a quar-
rel and one drunken captain, in answer to
Ageyev 's modest remark that an officer must
first of all be a man, shook his fist and cried
that Ageyev offended the honor of the officers,
for which he was willing to fight. Father Lav-
renty jumped out of his bed and said in a plain-
tive, trembling voice: "0 Lord! O Lord! Of-
ficers, bethink yourselves! You have forgotten
the Lord. You are on the way to the war. God
knows ' '

"You priest, keep quiet, when you are not
asked," the drunken captain interrupted him
rudely. "Keep quiet, and pray to God." The
priest maintained silence. But his words pro-
duced the effect — the quarrel was stopped. Soon
the games broke up and the officers went to
sleep. Day was breaking. Father Lavrenty left
his bed, looked around gloomily, walked over to
the window, and leaned against it. Suddenly it
appeared to the author that the priest was sob-
bing softly and muttering to himself:

"Father Lavrenty! W^hat ails you?"

He turned his face away, wiped his eyes with
the sleeve of his gray cassock, and sighed :

"I feel sad, my dear; I feel like crying."

"Why should you cry. Father?"

' ' I don 't know. My heart is aching, and a man
can not control his heart. I feel sorry for some-
thing. I'm so sorry: I am sorry for all — for the
officers, I'm sorry for you, and I am also sorry
for myself. We are all unfortunate, weak peo-
ple. My heart is aching for all of us. God has
willed it. Both joy and sorrow come from God.
I'll pray to Him — perhaps I will feel better.
Oh, how I am suffering!" A minute later he
made the sign of the cross and prayed.

From the train carrying the soldiers to the
battlefield we are taken by the author to an old
Chinese cemetery in Laoyan, whei-e the former
rulers of the region are resting under the shade
of century willows and elm trees. It is spring-
time. The old cemetery has been turned into an
amusement park. Near the tables over the
tombstones, on which there are bottles of wine,
sat officers in various uniforms and painted
women in bright, parti-colored dresses, with
coarse faces and hoarse voices. The orchestra
was stationed in the Temple of the Idols, where
numerous statues of gods rested in niches.

Everybody Intoxicated.

The people in the park are noisy, intoxicated,
in high spirits, especially near one table at which
a company of young officers, with Colonel Baron
Haben at the head, are feasting. This table, re-
served for this particular company daily, was
know as the "morgue" and the members of the
company were .called "the dead," for they drank
there every day until they lost their senses, until
they were dead drunk. The feast is at its height ;
champagne is the only thing they are drinking.
A Cossack, Prince Trinkenzein, comes over to the
company and announces to them the news of the
sudden death of the brigadier general, who was
found in a low den amid disgraceful surround-
ings. The news was gi-eeted with peals of cynical
laughter, nasty jokes, and anecdotes. Haben
proposes a toast to drink for the repose of the
general, and orders the conductor of the orchestra
to play a funeral march. The orchestra begins
to play the funeral march, and the debauch is
resumed under the sad strains of the music. A
noise of laughter, loud conversation, shouting,
the clanking of glasses, and the sounds of music
hang in the air.

And into this dull drone suddenly strange, new
notes, as though moaning and grumbling, break
in from afar. It now sounded as though the
slow, measured roll of drums were nearing. There
was something gloomy and alarming in those
sounds. The grumbling came nearer and nearer,
and soon long-drawn groans were heard dis-
tinctly. Wounded soldiers, on stretchers, were
carried from Tirinehen. This procession was
strange and sad, as though all the people in the
procession were sentenced to death. A plaintive
moan hung in the air. The smell of blood was
felt.

The brief spring of the South, full of colors,

654

THE PANDEX

aroma, and delicacy, passed like a dream. The
hot, sunlit summer days set in. Life in Laoyan
flowed on as before. Champagne flowed like
water; money was thrown about in the most
reckless manner. It seemed as if the Russians
were eager to show to some one their proverbial
"broad Russian nature" in full size. In the
meantime ominous tidings came daily from the
south. The Japanese were victorious; but no-
body paid any heed to these tiding. "Dumm-
neiten! Nonsense!" repeated Baron Haben in-
variably. "That is very good. First defeat and
then complete victory. That will produce a
stronger impression upon Europe," and the of-
ficers believed him as a man initiated in the
secret plans of the commander-in-chief.

A Life of Misery.

The author leaves Laoyan, which has turned
into a nasty dramshop, and goes south, where
the N. regiment is stationed, to meet there his
young friend, Tima Safpnov. The N. regiment
is encamped near the railway station. Here
the people led an altogether different life from
that at Laoyan. It was a life of misery, priva-
tions, and hopeless weariness. This life and
these people are depicted so vividly that the
reader feels that he had already seen, known
them and had lived that life. The author found
his friend, Lieutenant Safonov, and remained
with his regiment. He made the acquaintance of
all the officers, and met the priest Lavrenty and
Captain Ageyev, who was now more mournful
and reticent than before. He was complaining
of a painful foreboding and a yearning for his
young, loving wife and his little golden-haired
daughter, whom he felt he would never, never
see again. Father Lavrenty was grieving for all
the people. The great sin of killing human be-
ings weighed heavily upon him. "The Japanese
are also human beings," he would say, with a
deep sigh. "0 Lord, save us and have mercy
on us!"

But the priest and Captain Ageyev were the
exceptions in the regiment. Aside from one
colonel, a rude, angry glutton and a coward, all
the officers were tired of the inactivity and were
eager for action. Young Safonov, a man of a
soft, effeminate nature, with a pure, poetic soul,
is carried away by the general eagerness for war.
He says: "To be killed for no reason by a
Japanese that I never met before, is a pretty
stupid thing, I admit. In general, I do not un-
derstand all this war. I do not know who needs
it and for whose sake I must put my head under
the bullet, and yet I am carried away by these
surroundings, by this nervous life and the breath-
less expectation of the battle. I feel that I live."
He was delighted when he was ordered to start
out with a company of soldiers to ward off an
attack of the enemy which was expected that
night at one of the southern barriers.

It was a quiet, hot, moonlit night. Safonov
with his men placed himself in ambuscade in an
old, deserted cemetery on a hill overgrown with
brush. He is agitated, but he is not afraid. He

is facing death, but he wants to live. "To be
killed on a night like this!" he exclaims invol-
untarily, seized with an unaccountable longing
for life. "On a night like this, when the stars
shine so brightly, when the soul feels so good, so
pure, so tranquil; when there is no malice; when,
it seems, one would forgive everything to his
worst enemy — suddenly to kill people or be killed
on a night like this!" These words were inter-
rupted by a shot. Safonov started, took out his
revolver, and cried: "At last! Come what
may!" and he ran toward the direction whence
the shot came.

One Poor Chinaman the Enemy.

It turned out to be a false alarm. One of the
sentinels had heard a suspicious rustling in the
bushes, and flred into the darkness at random.
Next morning an old Chinaman was found in
the bushes, wounded. He was brought over to
Safonov. The Chinaman, trembling with fear,
kept repeating one and the same thing: "Shan-
gau. Kind — Captain, 0, 0, O ! Shangau, Cap-
tain."

When it became clear that the Chinaman was
on his way to his vegetable garden and was
wounded by mistake, Safonov said a few kind
words to him and ordered to have his wound
dressed. The Chinaman's joy knew no bounds.
He had thought that Safonov would sentence
him to death, but instead he was so kind to
him ! Desiring to show his gratitude to Safonov,
he ran to the village where his family lived, and
soon returned with a basketful of fresh eggs
and Chinese cakes. "Splendid!" said Safonov
with delight, for he was very hungry. "That
will make a fine omelet."

This fine omelet cost the Chinaman his life.
Some one reported this incident to the old colonel,
who had a grudge against Safonov, and the
colonel, to square accounts with the young lieu-
tenant, gave vent to his anger by declaring the
Chinaman a spy and ordered that he be shot.
And to lend a special piquancy to his feeling of
sweet revenge, he ordered that the execution be
carried out by Safonov. The execution is de-
picted so vividly that the reader instinctively
closes his eyes, as though he were a witness of
this terrible spectacle. The power of this re-
volting scene lies in its simplicity. The con-
demned man was led out from a barn. Noticing
Safonov, he quickly muttered "Shangau, Cap-
tain," and in his eyes, turned imploringly to the
young lieutenant, there was something akin to
joy. Safonov, shuddering, turned aside, and,
without a word, motioned his hand to his men.
The soldiers understood the silent order of their
superior, and also in silence seized the old China-
man by the arms and dragged him along the
dust-covered road.

Soon the procession turned to a plain which
lay between two green walls of forests, and be-
fore them, in the distance, stood a lone, black,
decayed old tree. Safonov stepped aside, and,
giving the order to carry out the execution
quickly, he sank to the ground and covered his

THE PANDEX

655

face with his hands. He did not see how the
Chinaman was placed by the tree, how the old
man was seeking him, Safonov, with a look of
utter despair, and how he kept whispering
"Shangau, Captain, Shangau," with his pale lips;
how he turned his face toward the mountains
in the distance ; how a few teardrops rolled down
his cheeks, and then, crossing his bony arms on
his sunken chest, he remained petrified as a
statue, full of majestic calm, facing death with
contempt. The command to fire was given in a
scarcely audible voice. An uneven volley re-
sounded, the old man shook, his arms unfolded
and hung down, and when his forehead and his
face were covered with dark blood, his body sank
to the ground heavily. The old man was buried
right there under the tree, and the soldiers
trampled down the ground over his grave with
their heavy boots. The soldiers went off, and
when the sound of their footsteps died away
Safonov rose from the ground. The sun was set-
ting, and the entire plain was bathed in its blood-
like reflection, which trembled on the tree-tops
of the rustling forest and which tinted the light
yellow sand on the road into a red hue; the
trampled ground near the tree looked very dark
and seemed saturated with blood.

Quoth the Raven.

Then a raven started off from the decayed
tree, and, flapping its wings lazily, began to fly
around near the tree. A breeze shook the trees
of the forest, and they rustled plaintively. And
it seemed to Safonov that they were saying:
"Shangau, Shangau, Captain." Safonov shud-
dered and walked off briskly. The raven kept
croaking ominously and derisively for a long
time.

Then the author, participating in a series of
skirmishes, leaves his friend Safonov and goes
back to Laoyan. There the same insipid and dis-
graceful life flowed on as before. Debauchery
became epidemic and all were infecrted with it.
Wine, women, and cards — these filled the life of
everybody on this peaceful island, this oasis
amid the vast blood-eovered battlefield. In
Laoyan the general frame of mind was carefree;
everybody regarded the defeats of the Russian
forces with indifference, as temporary accidents,
and the enemy was regarded with arrogant con-
tempt. The Japanese were still spoken of as
"tailless monkeys." Even the news of the
approach of Kuroki's enormous army confused
but few. "Believe me," said Baron Haben, sit-
ting in the refreshment room of the railway sta-
tion, which was turned into a military club, "all
these are stupid fears ! All these Japanese vic-
tories and triumphs — Dummheiten ! Little toys !
They can't take Laoyan," and everybody be-
lieved him. He was so intimate with the com-
mander-in-chief.

One morning Laoyan was aroused by gun-
shots. An artillery fight was going on at the
southern posts. It appeared that one of the Rus-

sian batteries had gone crazy. Captain Dorn
was in command, and Captain Ageyev gave the
signals with red fiags. Dorn was in a state of
insane enthusiasm. Throwing off his coat, his
shirt torn, without his cap, all perspiring, his
face red, his eyes flashing, he bustled about the
battery as though intoxicated, giving orders,
striking the soldiers, and shouting all the time —
his sonorous voice rang commandingly and an-
grily, and he looked like a living incarnation of
some destructive elements.

"Halt!" he roared, throwing up his arms.
"Target a hundred and twenty! Trumpet,
ninety! Bat-te-ry!"

And the people, the officers, and the men, it
seemed, were carried away by the war fever and
the enthusiasm of one man, and, like obedient
slaves, carried out his orders with feverish zeal.
During the brief intervals between the volleys,
while the guns were being loaded, even then Dorn
could not remain quiet. He kept jumping, clap-
ping his hand over the heated mouth of the can-
non, and shouting:

"Eh, you are my grandmother! Scald them,
my darling! Ho, ho, ho! My grandmother!
Vo, vo, vo! My dearest! Strike the Jap — strike
him right in the jaw! In the jaw! This is life
—life!"

A Night in a Camp.

Suddenly a deafening volley resounded and
then all became silent.

"D-o-r-n k-i-1-l-e-d," Ageyev 's red flags
announced. Confusion ensued; the soldiers
bustled about hither and thither, wasting their
powder at random, while the enemy's fire
wrought havoc in their ranks. Toward evening
all their powder had given out. The battery
retreated. The artillerymen, exhausted and dizzy,
stretched themselves on the wet ground to rest
for the night. The officers crowded together in
a wet tent and lighted a small piece of candle in
a lantern. A soldier brought some vodka in a
beer bottle. Preserves that had become quite
bitter and some cooked corn constituted at once
their dinner and supper. Ageyev, who picked
up from a can a piece of fish with red sauce,
immediately put it back and turned away. "I
can't. Dorn is forever before my eyes. My
God, how terrible it was ! ' ' said Ageyev with a
grimace of horror and disgust. "His skull was
smashed to pieces. He was covered with blood.
B-r-r ! How repulsive ! ' ' The officers stopped
eating. Soon all went to sleep. A frightened
sentinel rushed into the officers' tent and uttered
the terrible words : ' ' The Japanese ! ' ' All the
officers jumped to their feet and ran out of the
tent. "Our end has come," said the command-
ing officer in a muffled whisper. "We shall die
soon! It is God's will. Well, we shall die to-
gether— all of us. It is God's will." All the
officers and the men crowded together in one
close group and stood in silence, awaiting death.

656

THE PANDEX

Out of the darkness came a dull, deep, rhythmic
rustle. Little by little the tramp of many feet
grew ever more distinct. "They are coming!"
some one whispered. .The footsteps were near-
Lng. Something metallic clicked, the trees near
by rustled and crackled, a wave of tumultuous
voices burst into the darkness. Some one cried
hysterically, several shots from revolvers re-
sounded, followed by wild exclamations and
groans. Something terrible, something inex-
plicable was going on in the darkness.

"Halt, halt! The battery! Hurrah, hurrah!
Attention!" The officer's whistle rang out
above the chaos of voices. ' ' Devils ! What have
you done? It is our own infantry! Not the
Japs, but our own ! ' ' people exclaimed on all
sides.

Two lanterns appeared; Russian soldiers came
out of the dark, their bayonets flashed dimly.
The commander of the battery, holding a revolver
in his hand, stood before the infantry lieutenant.
While they were explaining to each other the
'sad blunder that was committed, strange mut-
terings were heard near by. They sounded like
the helpless lisping of a stammerer. Everybody
rushed toward the sounds. Ageyev was sitting
on the ground, his arms and his legs stretched
out wide apart, and there was a strange look
in his eyes. His mouth was twitching.

' ' Vav — vz — vavz — bat — ba-ba-ba. ' ' Ageyev
"was unable to utter another word. He had sud-
denly lost his mind. Early next morning he was
taken to Laoyan, to the lazaretto.

After the Battle.

On the next day at noon a deafening cannon-
ading shook the vicinity of Laoyan. Volleys
thundered, an unceasing rattle of gunshots smote
the air. From time to time the cannons roared,
and then it seemed that the earth itself was
trembling. An enormous semicircle of a few
dozen miles was strewn with disfigured bodies,
with torn-off arms, legs, and heads. Among
thousands of corpses lay hundreds that were still
alive, but were dying for want of aid. The faint
groans and the muttering of the dying blended
with the rustling of the trees in the neighboring
forests. Nobody heard these moans and the
shots by which the wounded attempted to at-
tract attention to themselves, and they died, for-
saken and forgotten, cast aside because no longer
useful ; they died in terrible pain under a strange
sky.

Twilight was closing in ; leaden clouds covered
the sky, and soon the neighborhood was plunged
into darkness. Below, in the valley, the lights of
the cannon were shining, and occasionally an ex-
ploding shell lighted up the sky for a while.
Suddenly the entire valley was lighted up with a
bright, blood-red reflection — a village was burn-
ing beyond the railway.

It seemed as though the cannonading em-

braced the horizon on all sides. It commenced
to drizzle, thunder pealed, mingling with the din
of the volleys. Suddenly a heavy rain began
to fall, the guns at once became silent, and only
the crash of thunder resounded angrily over the
dark valley of Laoyan. The flame of the burn-
ing village cast into the darkness a strip of blood-
like half-light, which trembled from the gusts
of the wind and amid the vast battlefield seemed
like a huge funeral torch.

The rainy night was followed by a gloomy,
gray morning. Tlie battle was over; the re-
treat began.

There was a terrible confusion at the sta-
tion. Hungry, exhausted officers crowded the re-
freshment rooms. They were very agitated and
gave vent to their feelings of injury and dis-
appointment, cursing their superior officers.
They threatened the authorities and blamed the
commander and the generals for all the woes
that had befallen the army. One officer, whose
head was wounded, was particularly excited. He
was interrupted by the colonel of the regiment,
who asked him to stop his eloquence.

"What! Eloquence," he cried to the colonel.
"You are mistaken. It is you who are accus-
tomed to call the truth eloquence, and eloquence
truth. Here is the bloody truth!" and he struck
himself on his blood-stained chest. "I have
shed more of my blood for this truth than you
have used ink for your reports. You may report
me. I am not afraid of the truth ! ' '

This Picture and That.

At this same time a noisy company of young
officers, headed by Baron Haben, were seated
by a long table on the platform of the station,
drinking together with a number of painted
women. Near them, on the platform, lay scores
of seriously wounded soldiers, waiting for the
sanitary train. Their moans and sobs mingled
with the coarse jests and the merry exclamations
and the laughter of the drunken crowd. Can-
nonading resounded in the distance, which lent
still more piquancy to the debauch. Two priests
appeared among the wounded, and their words
of comfort to the dying and their prayers were
drowned by the roaring of the volleys and the
noise of the drunken crowd. Suddenly there was
an explosion near the platform and the cars were
smashed into splinters. After the first shell
shrapnel flashed through the air. The people on
the station were suddenly thrown into a state
of madness and panic.

The enemy was firing at the station and also
at the Russian village, whence the population was
running in deadly fright. The village was burn-
ing from all sides. The maddened people, in
their efforts to save themselves from the fire and
the hail of shells, crushed one another to death.

THE PANDEX

657

A continual moaning hmig over the earth. When
night closed in the entire space between the
town and the station was thickly strewn with
bodies and presented a picture of terrible de-
struction.

The town was wrapped in darkness. Incon-
ceivable chaos reigned in its vicinity. The re-
treating troops were seized with terror and panic.
The infantry, the cavalry, the batteries, the
transports, the baggage trains — all became en-
tangled in the darkness, and mingled into an
enormous, roaring, gushing stream of lava.

The retreat did its work. It confused the
minds of the people, it deadened their judgment
and their hope and their faith in themselves
and in their superior officers. The trembling
flames of the torches lit up the faces of the
officers and the men, which were distorted with
fright. That was no longer an army, but a
great, unruly, maddened herd, driven by the in-
stinct of self-preservation and by fear. It
seemed as if some apocalyptic beast, having re-
ceived a mortal wound, terrorizing and destroy-
ing everything in its way, was passing through
the impenetrable darkness. .

On a Hospital Train.

A cold mist hung over the intermediate sta-
tion at which the retreating army was concen-
trated. On one of the roads stood two trains;
one was an elegant train, for the important per-
sonages and their attendants; the other was a
dirty train for the wounded. In one of the cars
of the sanitary train sat three Sisters of Mercy
and a physician. One of the sisters was crying,
clasping her head with both hands and swaying
back and forth, as though tortured with acute
pain. The physician said to her impatiently:
"Stop crying! It is painful enough without
your crying!" "It is terrible! It is terrible!"
drawled out the Sister plaintively. "These vic-
tims . . . they are not to blame for any-
thing! These sufferings . . . what for?
Death, death! Ugly, repulsive death! My God!
Who needs it? And there — sisters, wives,
mothers . . . Thousands, hundreds of thou-
sands ... 0 Lord! 0 Lord! There is a
God, is there not?"

"What? You say there is a God?" asked the
physician with irritation.

"Of course! Of course! A God! A loving
God! A just God! Is there no God?" The
physician smiled bitterly. ' ' God ! . . .
Listen to what I will tell you . . . " And the
physician told the Sister of Mercy how as a poor
student he lived in the house of a certain crazy
old sculptor who made many miniature statues
of human flcrures. He created a little world for
himself. He modeled them all day long, he
worked on them with pleasure. They wore to

him as living beings. He needed them for the
purpose of venting upon them some secret, eternal
wrath. He mocked them, lashed them with a
strap, hurled them to the ground, tramped them
under foot, crushed their broken pieces into dust,
and then again began to model them.

"Well, such is your God!" cried the phy-
sician, concluding his story. He was embittered
by the sufferings of others, and he now gave vent
to his painful, powerless anger upon God. The
sufferings of his soul, which poured forth in
blasphemy, merit compassion rather than cen-
sure. .

Then the author describes the battle of Muk-
den. On the night after the battle the "Eagle's
Nest" was covered with dark figures. Some of
them seemed to stir. In one place a soldier was
tossing about in delirium, and his kettle tinkled
as it struck against the stones while turned from
one side to the other. Right next to him some
one was rattling hoarsely in the agony of death,
and he was choking with blood which was gush-
ing from his mouth. A little distance away some
one moaned monotonously and plaintively:
"Oh! oh!" while another kept repeating:
"Wa-ter! Wa-ter!" "Brethren! 0 brethren!"
called some one from beneath a heap of corpses
which pinned him to the ground. His sobs
gradually turned into a wild, insipid, dull howling.
From out of the darkness came new, indistinct
sounds which mingled with the moans. They
rose from the gi-ound, floating over it slowly, and
it seemed that the earth, saturated with blood,
was moaning, that the impenetrable darkness
hanging over it was moaning, that the cold au-
tumn night was moaning.

Death of the Young Lieutenant.

Suddenly a long-drawn cry rang out above all
other cries and moans. That was the last outcry
of the dying young Lieutenant Safonov.

The moon came out from beyond the clouds
and the timid, pale light fell upon the heaps of
human bodies. Some of them were still twitch-
ing convulsively among the dead. Some of the
faces bore an expression of kindness and sad-
ness, and the eyes were half open. It seemed
as though deep, sad thoughts filled their minds.
There lay a soldier upon a heap of corpsfts. His
large face, with a long spreading beard, was die-
torted by a repulsive grimace of suffering and
wild anger which congealed in his wide-open
eyes, and it seemed a curse and a sob of despair
would soon burst from his open mouth. At the
feet of this bearded soldier lay a little Japanese,
bent together, on one side. He clasped a gun
with both hands to his chest, and he seemed as
though fast asleep. A little further away two
figures seemed as petrified while struggling with
each other; a little Japanese boldier lay upon a

658

THE PANDEX

young Russian officer who stared at his enemy
with a look of indescribable perplexity in his
glassy eyes. The Japanese had thrust his little
fist into the officer's mouth. Near them a row
of soldiers lay stretched out on the ground as if
they took their position at the command: "Lie
down."

The cries and the moans on the battlefield grew
fainter and fainter until they died out alto-
gether.

At the Foot of "Eagle's Nest."

Below, at the foot of the "Eagle's Nest," a
bonfire was burning in the large courtyard of a
Chinese temple. The yard, illumined by the red-
dish light of the flame, was crowded with
wounded. They covered the ground, which was
soaked with blood and rain. Here and there a
painful, long-drawn moan was heard, a wild
sob. Here and there some one muttered in fev-
erish delirium. Near the bonfire stood a phy-
sician, exhausted, perspiring, all smeared with
blood, looking at the flames with wandering eyes.
He stood thus for a long time; then, as though
waking up from a long sleep, he slowly turned
to the temple. He walked past the gray figures
which lay near the walls and counted in a whisper.

A priest, in a dirty cassock, appeared on the
threshold of the temple. He was thin, bent,
with a pale face, with large, bright eyes. That
was Father Lavrenty.

The temple was illumined by one tallow candle.
On a carved altar stood a gilded statue of
Buddha, full of serene calm and majesty. At
the foot of the statue, amid scattered parti-
colored idols, pastiles, crushed artificial flowers
and blood-stained bandages, lay an officer in a
torn, dirt-covered coat, face upward. He was
moaning monotonously.

The doctor came oyer to him, touched his hands,
and said, as though to himself:

"Twenty-four."

"Twenty-four!" repeated Father Lavrentv.
"Twenty-four dead— 0 Lord! OLord!"

"We shall all be dead before long," said a
voice from a dark corner. There lay a medical
student, exhausted and embittered.

A soldier ran into the temple with a distorted
face and a wandering look in his eyes. Noticing
the priest, he stopped, frightened. "What do
you want?" asked the physician. "There is a
Japanese officer here," replied the soldier, "with
large eyes bulging out ... I struck him
on the head with the butt of my gun, and he
struck me — both of us fell down — I grabbed him
by his throat — I began to choke him — his eyes
became large, large — he looked at me and talked
hoarsely — well, then, I — I choked him. . . ."

"You choked him;" cried the priest in a
broken voice.

The doctor glanced at the priest with suspicion
and alarm, and, patting the soldier on the back,
said: "Very well, we'll find your officer." The
assistant surgeon led the insane soldier away.
When the priest walked out, the doctor said :

"This is what I feared most. And this is not
the first case to-day."

"And the priest? Have you noticed?" asked
the medical student.

"Yes, it seems that our priest is also begin-
ning to show the symptoms."

"They Are AU Dead."

Presently Father Lavrenty came back. He
was very much agitated; he looked around on
all sides, and cracked his fingers. Suddenly he
walked over to the doctor quickly and knelt be-
fore him, folding his arms on his breast. He be-
gan to sob plaintively, like a child ; tears trickled
down his face, and he said in a broken voice :

"Doctor, dearest! Let me go back! I can't
bear it any longer — here — with the dead. Let
me go back ! Blood ! Bloodshed ! I can not !
Let me go back ! ' ' The doctor looked at the
weeping priest and muttered something con-
fusedly.

"You must understand," went on the priest.
"I am a pastor — a pastor. ' Do not kill ! ' And
I gave them my benediction for the war. I gave
them my benediction for murder! 0 Lord! And
now they are all dead! Their eyes look toward
Heaven ! They pray to God for vengeance ! I
can not bear it any longer. Write to the authori-
ties. Let me go back to my village, to the liv-
ing. ' '

He suddenly fell silent and began to listen. A
heavy rain was now beating against the windows.

"A shower," said the doctor, with alarm.
"Where shall I put the wounded?"

"Tears of Heaven. God Himself is grieving
for the people," said the priest softly, and be-
gan to pray.

Such, in brief, is the great story by the new
Russian writer Erastov, who has enriched, and
will doubtless continue to enrich Russian litera-
ture, which is Russia's real pride.

Erastov 's story produces upon the reader a
most powerful impression of horror and aversion
for war in general, and particularly for the re-
cent Russian war, which had no justification
from any point of view, and which was an in-
explicable, senseless misunderstanding and a
criminal blunder on the part of the Government.

The description of the horrors and the inhuman
sufferings of hundreds of thousands of innocent
people who did not know wherefore and for whose
sake they were suffering, must awaken in every
reader a sense of rigorous indignation, but in the
American reader this sense of indignation will
be ennobled and softened by the pleasant feeling
that the Americans, and no other people, were
instrumental in making an end to this war and
to these sufferings. All Americans should feel
happy at the thought that it was in their land
that a few drops of ink absorbed rivers of blood
and tears, and that from their little Portsmouth
the tidings of peace were proclaimed to the many-
millioned and long-suffering Russian people.

THE PANDEX

659

BEAR STORIES.

— Spokane Spokesman-Review.

TWO TALES OF GRAFT

SAN FRANCISCO AND HARRISBURG REACH THE PINNACLE OF

CORRUPTION-SOCIAL AND BUSINESS LEADERS INVOLVED

IN GRAFT-FOUR THOUSAND PER CENT PROFIT ON A

PUBLIC CONTRACT-CHICAGO'S REACTION.

As if in final confirmation of the new spirit
of public honor which has begun to take
hold of the American people, an era of crim-
inal confession appears to have set in — the
■sort of an era which must perforce follow the
€ra of prosecution if there is to be any gen-
eral correction of civic or other ills. San
Francisco has afforded one instance of this
tendency, and its criminal affairs have been
so monumental that the instance becomes ex-
•ceptionally impressive. The other most no-
table instance has been in the capital of
Pennsylvania, where an amount of public
plundering has been disclosed such as makes

the Tweed days of old New York look like
the offense of children, in comparison.

SAN FRANCISCO'S TABLET OF SHAME

Corruption of the City G-overnment Being Traced
to the Highest Circles.

In the metropolis of the Coast, where the
political intrigues of Ruef and Schmitz have
been amazing the general world for several
months, the case of the prosecution has be-
come so complete that one after another of
the participants has been forced to make
a clean breast of his conduct. Said the Chi-
cago Record-Herald, reviewing the entire
situation at a recent date:

660

THE PANDEX

San Francisco. — San Quentin penitentiary
looms ominously before some of the wealthiest
and most influential men on the Pacific coast,
as a result of the amazing exposures now being
made in regard to the far-reaching operations of
the graft ring of San Francisco.

"Get the big men" — that is the cry of the
prosecuting officials. It has been found that the
graft trail of "dirty" money has one similarity
with a trail of the Sierras — it goes up.

The beginning of the trail of bank notes was
struck with the board of supervisors, whose duty
it is to guard the interests of their fellow towns-
men. These men "got theirs" for granting
franchises to public utility corporations without
proper protection of the public rights — fran-
chises granted shortly after the fire, when San
Francisco was so busy caring for her citizens in
destitution that she had neither time nor heart
to watch thieves in office.

Buef ajid Schmitz Next.

From the board of supervisors the graft trail
began its upward course. First it led to Abraham
Ruef, the French-Jew lawyer, spoken of as "the
master of San Francisco." The green trail of
tainted bills, however, did not stop there. From
Ruef it led the investigatoi-s straight to Ruef's
partner. Mayor Eugene E. ScKmitz.

Nor did it stop there. Still the trail wound
upward. At the present moment it is along its
higher course that the prosecuting officials are
following it. It pwints, they declare, to great
financiers, leaders of society, prominent figures
in the life of the city, whose interests are con-
nected with the corporations from whose coffers
came the money which makes the accusing trail
up from the supervisors.

From the upper end of the graft trail, then,
are the "big men" whose conviction on the
charge of bribery is so earnestly desired by Dis-
trict Attorney William J. Langdon and Special
Assistant District Attorney Francis J. Heney.
It is in Mr. Heney 's relentless hands that the
chief work of uncovering the operations of the
graft ring rests. Mr. Heney is the man who
handled the Oregon land fraud cases and con-
victed the late Senator Mitchell. He has already
obtained indictments against Schmitz and Ruef.
It is believed he will never stop until he has run
the trail of tainted cash to its uppermost source.

When he does, it is prophesied by Mr. Langdon
that the whole United States will stand aghast
at the latest pages of the nation's history of
boodle.

"The remarkable organization of grafting and
corruption in the municipal affairs of San Fran-
cisco," said Mr. Langdon, after the indictments
against Ruef and T. V. Halsey, "its astonishing
ramifications, involving millionaires and the 'bet-
ter class ' of citizens, will appall not only the city
but the entire country v.hen it is laid bare."

It is to the work of stripping from the whole
San Francisco graft situation its last shred of

covering that the energies of the prosecutors are
now being directed. And it is declared that the
exposures thus far made, amazing as they are,
constitute but a fraction of the developments
which are to come.

As it stands, however, with the remarkable dis-
closures of the past week to add to all that has
come to light since prosecutions were begun
against Ruef and Schmitz, the story of San
Francisco's graft makes one of the blackest
pages in the history of American municipalities.

Graft on Huge Scale.

Most of the other cases of municipal graft
have been specialized. They were retail graft.
They constituted graft along certain narrow
lines and within fixed boundaries beyond which
it was not sought to go. Not so with the Gar-
gantuan graft of San Francisco. The graft of
this city has been general, it has been wholesale,
it has been limited by nothing; it has included
anything and everything out of which a dollar
could be squeezed.

The grafters overlooked nothing, spared noth-
ing, apparently feared nothing. From street ven-
dor to millionaire, from divekeeper to corpora-
tion official, from the brothel to the brownstone
front — there lay the course of graft. Nothing
was too little to be accepted as tribute. Nothing
was too big to be forced as tribute. Graft, in
short, lay over the whole city like a gigantic,
enveloping, dirty blanket.

There is another extraordinary feature about
this colossal graft of San Francisco. It is that
in the center of every graft machination, great
and small, there was to be found a little, thin,
shabby lawyer with gray, curly hair and dark,
dull, fishlike eyes. Of every graft wheel in San
Francisco, whether its revolutions produced $5
or $500,000, Abe Ruef was the hub. Abe Ruef
was the master-demon of the city's whole army
of grafters. Abe Ruef held the lever to every
graft scheme in San Francisco. Abe Ruef was
the soul of graft. Beside him the bosses and
grafters of other cities are mere innocents, mere
amateurs.

Ruef's graft fell into two general classes —
big graft and small graft. It is with Ruef's big
graft schemes that Mr. Heney is now busying
himself.

Corporations Pay Well.

Big graft, in Ruef's classification, was graft
which had to do with corporations which sought
franchises from the city. The graft from this
source ran into hundreds -of thousands of dollars
in lump sums. Ruef's small graft had to do
with levy of tribute upon saloonkeepers, dive-
owners, keepers of disorderly houses and all the
vast underworld of the city.

To carry out his plans Ruef had to debauch
almost the entire city administration. This he
succeeded in doing without much apparent
trouble. When Ruef's friend, Eugene E. Schmitz,
formerly conductor of a theater orchestra, was

THE PANDEX

661

elected Mayor in 1901, through the union labor
vote, the saloon votes and the underworld vote-
marshaled into a party with great skill by Ruef —
the latter acceded to power.

"See Ruef," Schmitz said, shortly after he
was elected. "He is a lawyer and understands
these things."

"See Ruef" has been the cry ever since. If
a corporation wanted a favor it was ' ' See Ruef. ' '
If a saloonkeeper wanted a renewal of license it
was "See Ruef." If a divekeeper wanted to
open a new house, if a cocaine fiend committed

Two weeks after the extortion indictment Ruef
was again indicted, this time with Chief of Police
J. F. Dinan on the charge of conspiracy in rela-
tion to "hush money" paid to the two.

Since these indictments Mr. Heney has been
working steadily on the entire graft situation,
aided by Detective William J. Burns of the
United States secret service, who helped him in
Oregon. It was through Burns that the confes-
sions were obtained from the Supervisors as to
the graft in relation to corporation franchises.

Information given by some of the Supervisors

SAN FRANCISCO ALSO HAD A WARM WEEK.

-Kansas City Star.

burglary, if a builder wanted to break the law,
it was always the same advice — ' ' See Ruef. ' '

After Schmitz 's election Ruef set himself to
constructing a graft machine exactly as he had
set himself to constructing a political machine.
He succeeded as perfectly. But now has come
the law to break every bolt and nut and wheel in
that consummate bit of mechanism.
Ruef an Early Victim.

The law began last November with Ruef and
Schmitz. Both men were indicted on five counts
charging extortion from keepers of resorts.
Neither man has yet been brought to trial, al-
though Ruef's trial is set. Schmitz is at liberty,
under bonds, while Ruef is living at the St.
Francis Hotel guarded by fifteen officers under
Elisor William J. Biggy.

led to the indictment of Ruef by the Grand Jury
on sixty-five counts charging bribery in connec-
tion with public utility franchises. At the same
time indictments with ten counts were returned
against T. V. Halsey, formerly chief lobbyist of
the Pacific States Telephone Company, and now
in Manila. Detectives will be sent for Halsey,
who is under arrest on cable instructions. The
indictment of Halsey is the first bomb thrown
into the ranks of the "big men," and it is de-
clared that the near future will see indictments
against much bigger men than Halsey connected
with corporations which have obtained or sought
franchises.

Much "Big Graft" Found.
The discoveries in regard to San Francisco
graft up to date may be summarized in a general

662

THE PANDEX

way, although a summary by no means gives all
the ramifications of graft which have been found.
Taking Ruef's classification of big graft and
small graft, the following may be described as
big:

United Railroads — Bribe alleged to have been
given by the corporation of $450,000 for fran-
chise, granted shortly after the fire, to enable
cable lines to be changed to overhead trolley
system, a thing before bitterly opposed by the
citizens. Charged that Supervisor James H. Gal-
lagher got $15,000, Supervisor Daniel Coleman
got $10,000, ex-Supervisor Andrew M. Wilson
got $10,000, and the other sixteen Supervisors got
$4000 each. Charged that Ruef and Schmitz di-
vided $280,000. Gallagher, acting Mayor in
Schmitz 's recent absence abroad, is stated to have
been distributing agent for Ruef, who apparently
got the money direct. Patrick Calhoun is presi-
dent of the United Railroads and declared in New
York that he would at once start for San Fran-
cisco.

Pacific States Telephone Company — Charged
that Halsey distributed $5000 apiece among ten
Supervisors and they were to give his company
a franchise instead of the Home Telephone Com-
pany. The Supervisors took the money, as some
have admitted frankly, and then gave the com-
pany the "double cross," granting the franchise
to the Home Company, which also paid graft.

Home Telephone Company — Charged that Ruef
and Schmitz were "seen," the amount they re-
ceived not having yet been stated, but declared
to be in the hundreds of thousands. Charged that
Gallagher got $10,000, some Supervisors $6000
each, and others $3500.

San Francisco Gas and Electric Company —
Charged that the Supervisors received $750 each
to violate their pledge to fix a 75-eent rate and
thereupon granted an 85-cent rate.

"SmaU Graft" Plentiful.

Among the items of "small graft" were the
following:

Prize fight trust — Charged that James Coffroth,
Willis Britt, Morris Levy, and Eddie Graney
paid $20,000 to Ruef for exclusive right to hold
prize fights for one year. To some Supervisors
Ruef, it is alleged, gave $500 apiece and divided
the balance between himself and Schmitz.

Prizefights generally — Charged that there was
a "stand in" agreement between fight promoters
and the police and Ruef. Fights were "fixed"
and referees bet on fights at which they were
officiating,, knowing just how the fight would
end.

Saloon-keepers — All licenses and favors of
every kind had to be obtained through Ruef's
law office. He was the counsel for individual
saloon-keepers and for the Saloon-keepers' Asso-
ciation. In order to preserve their standing with
Ruef and the police the saloon-keepers, it is al-
leged, had to submit to paying from $250 to
$500 apiece for ' ' counsel fees ' ' to Ruef. Besides

this direct levy, Ruef formed the Hilbert Mer-
cantile Company, which engaged in the wholesale
liquor trade, and from this company saloon-
keepers had to buy their liquor at exorbitant
prices. Ruef also formed a glassware company,
and from this company saloon-keepers had to
buy their glasses, also at exorbitant rates.

Gambling-houses — All arrangements to open or
continue a house had to go through Ruef's
office. "Counsel fees" were high. Chinese made
affidavits that as much as $1,900 weekly was paid
for protection for games in Chinatown.

Health department of the city — Canning fac-
tories which did not want their reputations
ruined by having the quality of their "thirds"
exposed found it expedient to employ Ruef as-
attorney. Milk dealers also employed Ruef as
their legal adviser. They were let alone to sell
what they liked to the public.

"Municipal Crib" — A- large hotel was estab-
lished on Jackson Street, with apartments for
one hundred and sixty women, which was let
alone by the police until it was closed through
a grand jury not controlled by Ruef. This ven-
ture paid $300,000 in one year to Ruef and the
other promoters. Schmitz is declared to have
"got his" from this source.

French restaurants — These places, peculiar tO'
San Francisco, were respectable eating-liouses
on the ground floor, and anything but respectable
resorts on upper floors. To escape molestatioB
from the police the owners employed Ruef as
attorney. Ruef formed a cigar company and the
French restaurants had to buy their cigars from
the concern.

Miscellaneous — Street vendors, operators of
nickel-in-the-slot machines, demi-mondaines,.
owners of disorderly houses and individual ad-
venturers in the underworld had to pay for pro-
tection from the police through Ruef's law offices;
— not bribes, it must always be remembered, but
"counsel fees."

Fire Victims Despoiled.

After the fire Ruef was interested in building-
companies which removed debris. The fire, in-
deed, was a "soft thing" for Ruef, and he was-,
enabled to extend his remarkable law practice in
numerous directions.

Despite all the graft for which Ruef is respon-
sible, however, there is declared to be a readiness;
on the part of Mr. Heney to guarantee him a
comparatively light sentence under the present
indictments if he will tell all he knows and
point the way to indicting the "big men" for
whose scalps Mr. Heney is searching. Super-
visors who have already told what they know
have been granted immunity, so it is said, and'
there is talk of continuing them in office.

"I have these fellows where I want them,""
Mr. Heney points out, "and they are in my
power. That is sufficient guarantee of their good
conduct in future, but I would have no contror
at all over a new set of supervisors, who miglih

THE PANDEX

663

be just as bad as the present ones were in the
past. ' '

These supervisors, through whom Mr. Ileney
found the beginnings of the "big graft" trail,
perhaps constitute one of the most unusual set
of men to whom the interests of a great city
were ever confided. Prior to election few were

L. A. REA, real estate dealer.

W. W. SANDERSON, form»Tly in the grocery
business.

SAM DAVIS, a player on the drum and mem-
ber of the Musicians' Union.

EDWARD I. WALSH, formerly foreman in a
shoe factory.

ANOTHER EARTHQUAKE. —Chicago Record-Herald.

men of any standing whatever and several of
them were laboring men and saloonkeepers.

They were all henchmen of Ruef, who picked
them in 1905, the year Schmitz was re-elected
for the second time.

These men are:

JAMES H. GALLAGHER, attorney and chair-
man of the finance committee.

C. J. HARRINGTON, formerly saloon-keeper-

JENNINGS J. PHILLIPS, a pressman.

F. P. NICHOLAS, a carpenter and cigar
dealer.

PATRICK McGUSHIN, formerly a saloon-
keeper.

JAMES S. KELLY, formerly a piano finisher
and polisher.

664

THE PANDEX

MAX MAMLOCK, formerly an electrician.

THOMAS F. LONERGAN, formerly a baker.

CHARLES BOXTON, formerly a dentist.

MICHAEL W. COFFEY, formerly a hack
driver.

DANIEL COLEMAN, formerly a wallpaper
clerk.

JOHN J. J^UREY, formerly a blacksmith and
now a saloon-keeper.

J. J. O'Neill and 0. A. Tveitmoe were ap-
pointed by Schmitz lately and are not involved
in the briberies.

When the break in the ranks of the super-
visors came and Heney began to get admissions
from some of them, there was a rush on the
part of all to tell what they knew, or some of
it. Heney, in the first instance, got one of the
body to confess through a "bluff" which de-
serves to become historic. For months Heney
had known in a general way of the "big"
grafting, but he found it difficult to get the right
kind of proof. Finally he went to a supervisor
with a shady record.

"See here," said Heney, "Ruef got $450,000
out of that trolley franchise and he gave you
and the other fellows only $4000 each. He kept
the rest. Do you think it was right for him to
hang on to so much and cheat the supervisors
out of their fair share? He's been splitting up
the cash unfairly in every big deal.

"Now I'll tell you what I'll do. Give me
the details of those deals — I'll find them out any-
way if you don't — and I'll do the best I can in
saying you from prison. Refuse and you go to
prison anyway."

Helps Set a Trap.

The boodler refused to give the infonnation
in full, but told Heney how he could lay a trap
for Supervisor Lonergan in the act of taking a
bribe and pointed out that he then could get a
full confession from Lonergan. Lonergan was
accordingly trapped by Detective Burns in the
act of accepting money for his vote on a pro-
posed ordinance extending the limits in which
oil could be burned.

Lonergan gave a full confession, in which he
told how the money was paid for the votes on
the various franchises, also detailing the way in
which the "double cross" was administered to
the Pacific States Telephone Company.

"God knows I have paid dearly for accepting
those bribes," said Lonergan after giving the
details, "and now, when I look over the hap-
penings of the last few weeks, I wish I had
tak^ the advice of my broken-hearted wife and
remained on the seat of Foley's bakery wagon.

"Never since I have been in public office have
I asked a man seeking a public favor for a dol-
lar. I have never held up an individual or a
corporation in my life. But I have -accepted
hribes volunteered by many of the public service
corporations of this city and county. And here
let me say that the money I received from the

bribe-givers did me little or no good. When the
fire came most of my fortune was burned.

G-allagher the Agent.

"I don't think that Ruef ever spoke to me
on money matters. While we were all of the
impression that he in a general way planned the
hold-ups, when it came down to the actual pass-
ing of the money none of us knew anyone except
Gallagher.

"I meant to be square when I was elected, but
one day we seemed to understand simultaneously
— for the life of me I could not tell you *ho
told me about it — that the fight trust wanted a
permit. While nobody ever said a word about
money, we all seemed to realize that we were
to be paid for our votes. Well, the matter
finally came up before the board and it was
unanimously passed. A couple of days later
big Jim Gallagher came to me and handed me
$500.

"That was my downfall. It looked like a lot
of money to me at the time, and there seemed to
be a mutual understanding among all concerned
that a rich harvest was to be reaped during our
term of office."

Much of the uncovering of the operations of
the graft ring is due to Rudolph Spreckels, who
tried some months ago to raise a fund among
capitalists for prosecution of grafters. Failing
in getting the fund, Mr. Spreckels himself
donated $100,000 to enable the fight to be made
against the graft of San Francisco, with the
present results. Mr. Spreckels' friends have
always insisted that he was acting purely from
motives of public duty in backing the anti-graft
war, but his enemies are now saying that he had
other ideas. It is pointed out that Spreckels
and associates were planning to construct a net-
work of electric roads, using the underground
system, just prior to the fire. The foundation
has now been laid for declaring the United Rail-
roads franchise void, in which case the way
would be open for construction of a new system.

Ruef, the man about whom the whole anti-
g'raft campaign centers, is completely ended as
far as future power in San Francisco is con-
cerned. He has, however, made several millions
out of his graft, according to general estimates,
and can view his future with equanimity if he
gets a short prison sentence.

He has lasted just six years as a factor in
the city's history, having been without promi-
nence until the election of 1901 gave him his
chance. Prior to that time he had been a law-
yer with a large practice among the creatures
of the underivorld. Coming of decent parents,
who lived in the French quarter of the city, he
was educated at the University of California,
where he made a brilliant record in his studies.

After being admitted to the bar he turned
immediately to the dive, the saloon, and the dis-
orderly resort for his clients. By 1901 he had
attained considerable influence among the classes
of the vicious.

Ruef's chance came when his friend Schmitz

THE PANDBX

665

was nominated for the mayoralty. Before that
time Schmitz was getting $40 a week as the
leader of a theater orchestra, also being presi-
dent of the Musicians' Union. Mayor Phelan
had antagonized the labor element by his
course of giving police protection to nonunion
drivers during the teamsters' strike.

Ruef proceeded to weld into a political force
the union vote and the vote of the underworld.
One of the best stump speakers in San Fran-
cisco, ingenious, shrewd, Ruef did his work well.
Schmitz was elected. He was re-elected in 1903
and in 1905. Ruef's power growing constantly,
Ruef, indeed, was dubbed the "master of San
Francisco" after Schmitz had been in the
mayor's chair but a few weeks.

"A wide open town."

"Graft for graft's sake."

Those were the two chief cries of Ruef, added
to a quiet word in private to every one he
wished to use that compliance with his wishes
meant a "rake off." Ruef gave all his friends
a share in the plunder and so his power waxed
constantly greater. To stand in w-ith him meant
cash. To fight him meant ruin. Between these
alternatives the underworld did not hesitate.
After he came to ownership of the supervisors
in 1905 Ruef was in as powerful a position with
regard to corporations as he was to the cohorts
of vice. It was then that his divisions of big
and small graft came.

Many of his followers used to be utterly
brazen in voicing their allegiance to Ruef.

"He's a thief," used to be shouted by Ruef's
enemies.

"Yes, but he's our thief, anyway," would be
the loyal response of the Ruef legions.

PENNSYLVANIA'S TEMPLE OF FRAUD

Grafting in the Capitol at Harrisburg Beggars
All Description.

In the capital of Pennsylvania, the confes-
sion of participants in the graft has been
somewhat different from that made by the
San Franciscans, but the effect has been the
same. Said the NevF York Times :

A splendid building stands on the hill past
which the Susquehanna sweeps at Harrisburg,
Pennsylvaaiia — a domed capitol, lofty, grand-
iose, and not unimpressive in its proportions,
though to good taste perhaps oppressive in the
lavishness of its ornament without and the bar-
baric splendor of its decorotJoiis svilhin.

To the opening and dedicarion of this buikiing
came last autumn the President of tlie United
States, who, standing amid its pillared porticos,
felicitated a vast audience upon the glorious
history of Pennsylvania — but spoke not a word

of congratulation upon the completion of the
fabric which was to house its government.

For the new capitol of the state of Pennsyl-
vania is a monument to colossal fraud and theft.
Its marble walls enshrine a luxury hitherto un-
dreamed of in any public building; it is en-
crusted with rare marbles, floored and ceiled
and wainscoted apparently with costly woods,
painted with gorgeous pictures, and hung with
wondei-ful products of the loom; gigantic lamps
of bronze wrought in rococo shapes render it
more splendid than day, and furnishings such
as his Versailles never knew in the day of Le
Roi Soleil make it a palace of delight.

Tweed and All Others Outdone.

But if in this Harrisburg capitol luxury at-
tained a solstice of gorgeousness, here also graft
reached its meridian noon. There has never been
in the whole history of corrupt politics in Amer-
ica anything quite equal to the work of the dar-
ing thieves who built the Pennsylvania capitol.
Remember Tweed; think of Tammany in its most
evil hour; think of Albany; call to mind Quay and
the plum tree; recollect the gigantic Philadelphia
filtration steal; conclude the worst respecting the
looting of San Francisco by the Ruef gang — and
you will still be able to take off your hat to the
unprecedented audacity of the gentlemen who
rifled the Pennsylvania state treasury through the
new capitol of the state.

What the loot amounted to exactly, and how
it was divided, an investigating commission which
has just begun work at Harrisburg hopes to learn.
The particular work of the commission is to
make clear why a building which cost three and
a half millions required "furniture" for which
the state paid eight and a half million dollars.
You can really buy a lot of furniture for a mil-
lion dollars.

Pennsylvania was rather proud of its Capitol,
and of the economy with which it was believed
to have been built, up to last fall. The architect,
Mr. J. M. Huston, announced that the building
would cost the State less than the appropriation
for it, $4,000,000. But a man named Berry —
William S. Berry of Chester, a Prohibitionist and
Methodist local preacher, whom the only re-
form impulse Pennsylvania has ever had, had
just placed in the State Treasurer's office —
looked the books over and last September told
the newspaper men that in point of fact the
cost of the Capitol would run up to $10,000,000.
A week later he declared that it would greatly
exceed that.

Mr. Berry is a responsible man, and his utter-
ance made a sensation. The reform crusade
which had swept the Filtration Gang out of
power in Philadelphia and sent Berry to Harris-

666

THE PANDEX

burg to open the Treasury books and count the
money, had a candidate for Governor in the field,
and the situation looked bad to the "Organiza-
iion" which has ruled the State. The "Organi-
zation" met Mr. Berry's charge by means of
an announcement made by the Governor, the
•celebrated Samuel W. Pennypacker, historian,
bibliophile, humorist, farmer, of Pennypacker 's
Mills, Schwenksville. Governor Pennypacker 's
whimsicalities only contribute to his reputation
for absolute integrity. Though with the "Organ-
ization," he is not of it. The crimes of which
it has been guilty he has never been charged with.
Governor Pennypacker pointed out that the
$4,000,000 appropriation was for the building
■only. No one could for a moment suppose that
it was meant to include equipment. In expend-
ing (as he freely admitted he and the Building
■Commission had expended) more than $8,000,000
for "furnishings," they had been moved only by
a desire for "results commensurate with the im-
portance of the Commonwealth and creditable to
its worthy people. They believe they have suc-
ceeded. The appointments are, as they ought to
be, in keeping with the building."

The "Explanation."

In short, nothing was too good for Pennsyl-
vania. That was the explanation of the $8p00,-
■000 "furniture." It did occur to some people
that appointments which cost twice as much as
the house containing them were a little out of
keeping with the building. But there they were,
and they were certainly fine — dazzling, indeed, to
the sight of the Pennsylvania farmers whom the
"Organization" brought in free trains to gaze
upon them, and who went home to tell their
neighbors that nothing was too good for Penn-
sylvania— and to vote the "Organization"
ticket.

It is only necessary, however, to look a few
lines down the list of "furnishings" of which
the Governor was so proud to notice that the
word, in his mouth, had taken on a new and more
splendid meaning. Trench, the philologist, ob-
served what he thought was a law of language,
the tendency of words to degenerate in signifi-
cance. "Knave" once meant merely a youth, a
"villain" was once merely an underling, a "mis-
creant" once merely an unbeliever, to "criticise"
has come to mean to speak adversely. But in the
mental habit of Governor Pennypacker and his
Capitol Board words grow not less, but more,
worthy and comprehensive in meaning. "Fur-
nishings" now mean fireplaces, floors, ceilings,
walls, mantels, wainscoting, electric wiring, mural
paintings, and the like.

It was interesting to learn that ex-Governor
Stone, chairman of the Capitol Building Com-
mission which had carried through the actual
construction of the building, was not familiar
with this new use of language. He declared that
the building had been complete when his com-
mission turned it over. Mr. Everett Harry, a

writer, showed him the list of "furnishings";
marble wainscoting, mantels, and bases, $278,-
109.47; construction of flues, fireplaces, etc., $21,-
237.59.

"That does not look as though the building
was complete, if you will pardon me, Governor.
Were these things not specified in the original
contract for the building V

"They were," replied Mr. Stone. "I don't
want to criticise the Governor, but — "
The former Governor became interested.
Together we went over the remarkable list of
"furnishings."

"I can't understand this," said Mr. Stone.
"The original contract called for a completed
building, and it was complete when we turned it
over to the board to be furnished.

"Interlocking hardwood parquetry flooring,
$142,412.47," I read. "Was that in the original
contract f"

"Yes; certainly."

Cement flooring throughout the building was
charged up as amounting to $25,117.74. Instal-
ling wires for two telephone systems throughout
the building cost $17,666.73. There was a charge
of $889,940 for carved panels, wainscoting, and
mantels, also $59,408 for installing thermostats
and valves throughout the building in connection
with the heating system.

"All those things are parts of the building
and were specified in the- original contract," re-
peated the former Governor. "It is absurd to
say we let the board put in flues, doors, windows,
mantels, and so on. The telephone system —
why, we put those in, too."

"Well, how do you account for their being
charged up here if, as you say, they were put
in by your commission?" I asked.

"I don't want to criticise the Governor," Mr.
Stone began apologetically. "But how do I
know whether they tore up the floors we laid and
put down others; how do I know whether they
tore out the telephone systems and put in oth-
ers; how do I know whether they wainscoted
over our wainscoting and desired more mantels?
It looks as if that had been done."

So a commission is sitting at Harrisburg in-
quiring how it really came about that $13,154,-
422.18 had to be spent on a $4,000,000 Capitol.
The commission itself will cost $100,000 more.
No arrangements have yet been made for a com-
mission to investigate the Investigation Commis-
sion. Perhaps none will be needed. Perhaps
Pennsylvania has one body that will do its work
thoroughly and well.

Details Coming to Light.

Here are a few among the curious and en-
gaging facts which already throw some light
on the matter:

The main contract for "furnishing" was let
under the stipulation that contractors must bid
on every one of the items in a schedule prepared

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66T

MOVING DAY WILL BE EARLIER THIS YEAR.

-Chicago Tribune.

668

THE PANDEX

by J. M. Huston, the architect. This stipulation
was concealed from all bidders except the one in
whose interest it had been devised — John H.
Sanderson of Philadelphia. So Sanderson got
the contract. He had been paid on it $5,200,000.

It was a most extraordinary contract in many
particulars. For instance, it called for payment
for the "monumental art bronze" electroliers at
so much per pound, and for mahogany furniture
at so much per cubic foot.

Pennsylvania's Capitol has, in consequence, an
immense number of the most mammoth bronze
pendent and standing electric candelabra in the
world — paid for by the pound. And it has gigan-
tic chairs, tables, desks, and rostra — paid for by
the cubic foot.

There are in the Capitol tall clothes poles stand-
ing on wide bases which, being worth perhaps
$50, measure up $400. There are tall-back chairs
to which this method gives a value six times too
great. There are empty telephone booths which
cost the State $3000 apiece — enough to buy a
house such as thousands of Pennsylvanians would
think good enough for a home.

The work was done by sub-contractors, not
by John H. Sanderson. The sub-contractors were
not paid by the pound or the foot. They were
paid on a business basis. They made a good
profit. "Profit" is not the word for what John
H. Sanderson made.

Sanderson's Modest Profit.

Sanderson received for furnishing a set of
rooms concerning which the commission inquired
$155,369. For this work (for Sanderson himself
toiled not, neither did he spin) Sanderson paid
$29,170. Consider this, for the sake of pleas-
antry, as a business transaction. Sanderson's
profit was 434 per cent.

Sanderson received for painting and decorating
certain walls $789,473.16. What it cost him to
have it done is not yet in evidence, but the fact
is in that a decorating firm of the highest class
had offered to do it for $164,473.58.

Sanderson was paid for many thousand feet of
parquetry flooring $1,271/2 a foot. Fritz & Larue,
who did the work, got 60 cents a foot.

There is a "mahogany" rostrum in the Senate
caucus room, another in the House caucus room.
They are monstrously big — they were paid for
on the "per foot" plan, and it is only natural
that they should be monstrously big. Containing
about 5000 feet of "mahogany," Sanderson re-
ceived for them from the State $90,748.80. He
paid the firm of A. Wilt & Son $2060 to make
them and put them in place. John A. Wilt so
testified.

Wilt further testified that on instruction from
Sanderson he had understood "mahogany" to
mean sheets of mahogany mounted on sycamore,
with stained putty moldings. Wherever oak had
been called for, birch was used. Baywood was
freely substituted for mahogany in every part
of the building. It costs half as much.

The gilded capitals of pilasters in the lower
corridors, beautiful to the eye, are, it has been

discovered, of plaster of paris. A considerable
amount of "bronze" ornament is painted com-
position. Some of the "leather" covered chairs
are really pantasote.

Two Millions for Chandeliers.

The Capitol is lighted electrically by 2500
bronze chandeliers, brackets, and standards. For
these $2,258,955.96 was paid Sanderson. Some
single fixtures cost $20,000 each. They were
charged and paid for by the pound. Sanderson
had agreed to make them for $4.85 per pound.
Since it is manifestly unfair to art to put it on
so sordid and material a basis, Mr. Sanderson
adjusted the wrong by loading his chandeliers,
making them not only enormous in size, but solid
throughout.

John Maene, one of Sanderson's designers, was
on the stand at Harrisburg.

"Did you make the model for these chan-
deliers?" asked Mr. Scarlet, pointing to the
work that is hung in the $88,000 Senate caucus
room, where the sessions of the commission are
being held.

"I did," said Maene.

"What is your opinion as to their weight?"

"They are unusually and extraordinarily
heavy. They are virtually solid except in the
arms, where there is a small channel to allow for
the electric light wire."

Mr. Maene, on further questioning, asserted that
the chandeliers in every part of the building were
unnecessarily heavy and that those in the Sen-
ate caucus room were at least 150 pounds too
heavy. At Sanderson's price of $4.85 "per
pound," this additional weight would amount to
$727.50 for each chandelier.

Q. — Do you think these chandeliers are un-
safe? A. — I certainly do. They are too heavy,
and may fall at any time unless they are excep-
tionally well hung.

Q. — Did you' have any instructions as to the
casting of these chandeliers? A. — None, except
I was told they were to be made solid.

Q. — Is it a rule to make work of this kind
heavy? A. — No, it is the rule to make them as
light as possible.

Through this witness was also disclosed the
fact that Sanderson had been paid extra for
modeling the chandeliers — art had had its rights
recognized after all. The specifications required
him to furnish the models for all bronze work
in consideration of the "per pound" price, but
he had in fact been paid $137,000 for the models
of the chandeliers — $100 a square foot, measur-
ing across the widest lines of height, width, and
depth.

It was further developed that the "mercurial
gold finish" required by the contract had been
omitted — a saving of 20 per cent.

The contractor was paid $138,757.69 for "Ba-
carat cut glass" in the chandeliers. There is
not a piece of "Bacarat cut glass" in the
Capitol. For the glass in the room in which the
investigating commission is sitting the State paid

THE PANDEX

669

$853.20. A witness testified that his firm had
made and put in the glass and had received $260.

Major Criminals Yet Unknown.

These are a few of the facts already brought
to light. They make it clear that the Capitol
has been the excuse for the theft of immense
sums from the State. They do not reveal the
thieves; at least those who know most are not
prepared to name them — yet. It will be hard for
Sanderson and for Huston, the architect, to clear
themselves, and George F. Payne & Co., who con-
structed the building, may have some explaining
to do. But behind the apparent beneficiaries of
the stupendous job stand the major criminals,
the politicians whose mere instruments archi-
tects and contractors were ; the political conspira-
tors whose chief sei-vice to the State has been
to despoil it through every means which the most
corrupt imaginations in American politics to-day
could suggest; the leaders who in a dozen years
of "Organization" rule have made the name of
Pennsylvania a byword.

Has the hour for these daring brigands come
at last?

first four-year mayor of Chicpgo under the new
charter.

LEGISLATIVE GRAFT IS BARED

REACTION IN CHICAGO

Republicans Recapture the City and Defeat
Municipal Ownership.

One of the accompaniments of the modern
movement toward civic reform has been the
pressure for public ownership, the belief of
many persons being, evidently, that the lat-
ter method of administration would do much
toward eliminating the possibility of evil.
An example of a reaction from this inclina-
tion is afforded in the following from the St.
Louis Globe-Democrat :

Chicago, 111. — Edward F. Dunne, the first man
elected mayor of a big American city on a muni-
cipal ownership platform, was defeated by Fred
A. Busse, Republican candidate, whose plurality
is between 14,000 and 18,000. With the election
of Mr. Busse goes endorsement of the traction
settlement ordinances on a kind of twenty-year
franchise basis. While these ordinances pro-
vide for municipal ownei-ship whenever the peo-
ple shall so elect, predictions have been made
that the vote has put its accomplishment off for
many years.

Mayor Dunne originally favored these ordi-
nances in their essential features, but several
months ago he repudiated them and proposed
that the city should begin condemnation pro-
ceedings against the properties of the ti-action
companies and take them over at a valuation
to be agreed upon in court. The vote indicates
very clearly that if he had adhered to his orig-
inal position he would have been elected the

Witnesses Tell of Wholesale Bribery of Arkansas
Lawmakers.
A further instance of graft and its con-
fession is afforded in the following from the
Chicago Record-Herald:

Little. Rock. — The second day of the trial of
State Senator A. W. Covington was replete with
admissions of graft and corruption in the last
legislature. The revelations came when Colonel
G. W. Murphy, of counsel for Covington, forced
to an issue the question asked Senator John A.
Hinkle if he knew anything of $7500 being put
up as a bribe to defeat the passage of the beer
inspection bill.

Hijikle said that Senators Covington, Toney,
Butt, Holland, and himself got money to kill
the bill. He said he got $200 for his share. He
also testified that T. L. Cox gave Covington
$5000 to look after bills affecting railroads, his
share for part in that work being $1500. He
said that $1000 was put up to pass the Felsen-
thal bill, and his share was $100.

Covington distributed this fund, he said, and
Senator Butt was paid $500 to withdraw from
the presidency of the senate race in favor of
Covington. Hinkle also testified that Covington
told him that he paid Senator Gross $250 to vote
against the Little Rock Argenta reannexation bill.
He understood the money on that bill came from
Mayor Faueett of Argenta.

Hinkle was followed by M. D. L. Cook, who
said George W. Caldwell, one of the state capitol
contractors, gave him $12,500 to pass through
the legislature the bill appropriating $800,000
to complete the state capitol. Of that money
he gave Senator Covington $7000, he said. He
also said he gave Covington $2000 to defeat the
poolroom bill.

WYOMING MILLIONAIRES INDICTED

President of Coal Company and Others Charged
with Plot to Defraud Government.
Graft, without much confession, but which
has an interesting corollary in the proposi-
tion made by the Harriman companies to re-
turn to the Government all illegally oc-
cupied coal lands, is represented in the fol-
lowing from the Chicago Record-Herald :

Cheyenne, Wyo. — The special federal grand
jury called at the request of Assistant United
States Attorney General Burch returned five in-
dictments against E. M. Holbrook. president of
the Wyoming Coal Mining Company, which owns

670

THE PANDEX

the Monarch and other mines in Sheridan
County; E. T. McCarthy, a former business
associate of Holbrook; E. E. Lonabaugh, a Sher-
idan attorney, and Robert McPhilamey, a real
estate dealer of Sheridan. Tlie indictments
charge conspiracy to defraud the government.

Holbrook and McCarthy are reputed to be
millionaires. McCarthy is engaged in zinc and
lead-mining enterprises in Missouri. Lonabaugh
and McPhilamey are charged with taking up
coal lands and selling them to the company.
They are in this city and have been held in
$5000 bonds. The other two men have not been
apprehended.

The grand jury late to-day returned an indict-
ment against W. F. Brittain, formerly postmas-
ter of Sheridan. Charges have -been made that
Brittain burned official communications and
other mail matter addressed to residents of
Sheridan. Brittain was recommended for ap-
pointment as registrar of the land office at Buf-
falo, Wyo.

KNOXVILLE THROWS OUT SALOONS

Remarkable Ulection in Tennessee in Which
Anti-Liquor People Win.

A new angle from which to approach the
problem of municipal government is sug-
gested in the following from the New York
World :

Knoxville, Tenn. — For the first time in the
history of the city Knoxville, a city of 50,000
inhabitants, voted by a decided majorty of 1900
out of a total vote of 6400 — which is 2000 more
votes than they ever before polled — to eliminate
the saloon. This was the issue, but the direct
question before the people was to abolish the
charter or not to abolish the charter, the aboli-
tion of the charter being the first step toward
the elimination of the saloon.

The election was ordered by the State Legis-
lature and is the result of the agitation against
the saloon which has been going on at intervals
in the State for fifty years, but which was re-
newed three years ago when what is known as
the Adams law was passed by the Legislature,
giving to towns under a certain population the
right to vote on the question. This resulted in
nearly all of the smaller towns in the State abol-
ishing the saloon from their borders.

Five Cities Still Have Saloons.

Subsequent legislation freed other towns from
the saloon, and now there remain but five cities
ill Tennessee with drinking places operating in
them, and the decided victory in Knoxville, it is
believed, will eventually result in running saloons
from every, city in the State.

Never was a fight more bitterly waged in
Knoxville. Arrayed against the liquor interests
were press and pulpit, public schools, fraternal
organizations, and last, but not least, the united

women and children of the city. Knoxville had
the sympathy of all of East Tennessee in the
fight, and delegations from its towns appeared
in the city on the day of the election to do what
they could toward winning the fight.

The day of the election was a memorable one.
Officers arrested many for bribing voters and
broke up the saloon organization, which was ex-
pected to capture the floating vote and nine-
tenths of the negro voters. Wet strongholds
gave dry majorities and only two precincts in
the city gave wet majorities.

Church bells tolled frequently during the day
to call attention of all citizens to the fight that
was on. One large bell was tolled continuously
by volunteer boys during the day.

Impressive Parade.

Tlie parade, two miles in length, was the most
remarkable in the State's history. Tottering old
men, some wearing their Civil War uniforms;
women who have buried drunken sons, fathers,
or husbands; pretty young girls carrying ban-
ners; rich bankers in carriages; society matrons
at the head of columns of boys and girls, and
young men from all walks of life. Bands played
stirring marches, children gave the temperance
rallying cry, and the ladies sang hymns and tem-
perance songs.

It was a sight to see gray-haired women march-
ing with the rest and feebly singing. A whole
sale whisky man witnessing the parade suddenly
began to weep, and turning to friends who were
with him, said: "I can't fight those people
to-day. I see my wife and little children there
in the parade."

Tree Lunches Provided.

If the parade had been spectacular the scenes
about the polling places were doubly so. Women
and children gathered at all of the polling-places
and remained throughout the day, many of them
without even resting a minute. Booths where
hot coffee and sandwiches were ser\'ed free to
all were near each polling place and were lib-
erally patronized. Children swarmed about the
voting stations. They carried flags, and in some
of the wards the voters were compelled to run
a gauntlet of Old Glories and expressions such
as "A''ote dry," "Vote out the saloons," "Give
the children a chance," from two solid lines of
little folks.

Ladies tagged all of the voters with badges
and buttons on which were printed the words,
"The saloons must go." A cartoon which ap-
peared in a local paper during the campaign
showing a hungry, ragged mother and her little
children anxiously watching a bulletin board and
labeled "Waiting for the Returns," had been
sketched on canvas and placed in every ward in
the city and was very effective.

Miss Vesta Jett, a pretty little girl elocu-
tionist, accompanied a traveling band which ren-
dered a number of hymns, and then waited while
Miss Jett recited a temperance speech. Miss
Vera Smith, a young lady possessing a beauti-

THE PANDEX

671

New York World.

672

THE PANDEX

fill voice, with a friend to accompany her on the
violin, drove from place to place during the day
and sang hymns and temperance songs.

The Legislature will vote to abolish the Knox.-
ville charter at an early date and the saloons
will be ordered away within a few weeks.

BARKEEPERS TO BOOST TEMPERANCE

Minneapolis Drink-Mixers Form Movement to
Check Drunkenness and Promote Morality.

The following from the Chicago Record-
Herald bears an interesting relation to the
preceding item:

St. Paul. — One of the most remarkable or-
ganizations in the state of Minnesota filed arti-
cles of incorporation with the Secretary of State
here recently. It is the Minneapolis Bartenders'
Association and one of its main objects is to
"espouse the cause of true temperance."

The name of the new organization is the Min-
neapolis Bartenders' Benevolent and Protective
Association, No. 152. In addition to espousing
the cause of "true" temperance, the organiza-
tion is for the purpose of suppressing the sale
of adulterated liquors and to instruct its mem-
bers along moral and educational lines.

Bad Booze the Trouble.

The bartenders contend that most of the re-
sultant misery and bad effects of drunkenness
are due to the use of impure liquor. They assert
that pure liquors, used moderately, are beneficial
rather than injurious to the user. They contend
that if adulterated liquors are banished from the
market conditions would be so much improved
that the outcry against saloons and intemperance
will be greatly lessened.

By "true", temperance the bartenders mean
the moderate use of pure liquors, and it is as

much the aim of the organization to encourage
moderate use as to insist upon the quality.

By way of instructing its members along moral
and educational lines, the members are to pro-
hibit as much as possible the use of profane
language in their saloons, to abolish all wine-
rooms, and to conduct their places upon a highly
"moral" plane.

To Hold Culture Meets.

The educational activity of the organization
will be confined to the regular monthly meet-
ings, when prominent men will be invited to
speak upon the live topics of the day.

The incorporators are all well known among
Minneapolis bartenders. It is thought that one
of the objects of the organization, which is not
contained in the articles of incorporation, is to
prepare a way for lifting the lid, which is now
down tight.

BEER CHEAPER THAN WATER

So London Is Told, if Rate Equalization Bill Is
Passed.

London. — That it would be cheaper to wash
with beer than with water in this city in case
the newly proposed rate equalization bill, now
before Parliament, should be passed, was the
assertion of Sir Frederick Banbury, M. P., at
a meeting of merchants called to protest against
the passage of the bill.

While the bill aimed at equalizing the water
rates of the several companies for dwelling as
well as for business offices, it was proved that in
some cases where rates were only $1<S00 a year,
they would be raised to $15,000. The Bank of
England, in order to save itself from the enor-
mous taxation, has had an artesian well dug,
but most of other banking and business houses
are unable to do this.

It is expected that the merchants ' opj)osition
to the bill will cause its defeat in Parliament.

Redskins Own the State

INDIANS DOMINATE THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION OF

OKLAHOMA. ARE ACCUSED OF "GRABBING EVERYTHING,"

AND EVEN TAKE THE LIQUOR AWAY FROM

" BENIGHTED WHITES."

WHILE the various cities have been
struggling with the problems of
municipal purification, an absorbing phe-
nomenon is transpiring in the Middle South-
west, where a new state is being formed and

where the constitution reflects all the most
recent aspects of government thought. The
following from the New York Times gives
an interesting aspect of the new state:
Washington. — Some fairly reliable reports

THE PANDEX

673

have finally reached Washington from Okla-
homa's constitutional convention, and they
chiefly illustrate a new quality in the character
of "Lo, the Poor Indian." More interesting
even than the expected color-line legislation,
temperance legislation, and the effect to restrict
corporations, is the fashion in which L. P. I.
has put it all over the white brother in the game
of politics.

To Indian Territory was allotted fifty-five
delegates in this constitutional convention, to
Oklahoma fifty-five delegates, and to the Osage
Nation two delegates. The whites of Oklahoma
were settlers who had been educated from their
youth up in primaries and nominating conven-
tions, and territorial elections had kept them in
training, while Lo had none of these advantages.
It, therefore, was natural that the Oklahoma
delegates should have begun to caucus weeks be-
fore the convention, planning the distribution of
the offices, committees, and the good things gen-
erally that are passed around in constitutional
conventions as well as legislatures. They gath-
ered in Oklahoma City and gHbly discussed the
task of "organizing" the untutored red man
for his good and their profit.

Shock to the Whites.

The untutored Red Man was a shock when
he arrived, for he had been educated at Harvard,
Princeton, Cornell, Michigan, or Chicago, and he
wore tailor-made clothes and smart linen and
the latest thing in scarfs that had reached St.
Louis. For the "Indians" of the Territory are
rich beyond average avarice, because a paternal
Government has protected them in their property
until it has reached boom values. The "Tann-
ers," as the Oklahoma delegates called them,
were heads of banks, directors of railroads, pro-
moters of gas and electric companies, and own-
ers of farm mortgages. The untutored Indian
had put forivard his best man.

Oklahoma, on the other hand, selecting dele-
gates according to the best traditions of Amer-
ican politics, had picked chin whiskers for hon-
esty, windy little lawyers for oratory, and a
few bartenders here and there to lead in such
manipulation as might be necessary.

The two neutral delegates from the Osage
Nation looked over the two crowds and threw
their deciding votes with their fellow-Indians.
Some of the Oklahoma delegates liked the com-
pany in which they found themselves so little,
or were- so upset at being overlooked in the
planned distribution of the pie that they sided
with the enemy.

The White Brother had planned to give Indian
Territory a few janitorships. That is precisely
what he got. The untutored Red Man hogged
the whole business — presiding ^ officer, clerk,
sergeant-at-arms, and the chairmanships of all
the important committees.

Seized the Legislature.

But the end was not yet. The constitutional
convention was to cut up the new state into

counties. The Oklahoma delegates had made
some plans about that. But they sat aghast and
watched Lo cai-ve up Indian Territory to give
him the greater number of counties and conse-
quently a majority of the Legislature, and then
turn about and rearrange the counties of Okla-
homa for his own purposes.

The white man who represented Beaver County
in Oklahoma roared and kicked most loudly over
these things. Four towns in his county were
contesting for the honor of being made the
county seat. The politically ignorant Indian
established Beaver County's seat on a farm in
the middle of the county and named it Buffalo,
because, as one Indian gravely said, the only
public improvement visible in this new metropolis
was a buffalo wallow.

Worst Yet to Come.

Even then there was more and worse to come
for the haughty politicians of Oklahoma. Con-
gress had forbidden the liquor traffic in the In-
dian Territory part of the new state. The
Indians said they wanted no monopoly of a good
thing and they voted to take prohibition into
the new constitution. Both the manufacture and
sale of liquor are forbidden. And there are sev-
eral frantic breweries in Oklahoma still strug-
gling desperately to have that clause modified.
But the Indian is unrelenting.

Curiously enough, despite his appetite for fire-
water when it is thrust before him, Lo is a rabid
prohibitionist when it comes to voting. He
recognizes the desirability of keeping the stuff
at a safe distance. And he thinks that some
sort of absent treatment ought to do the white
man good.

The constitutional convention has twice clashed
with President Roosevelt. The first time it had
about decided to include a clause forbidding any
individual, concern, or corporation bringing
armed guards in to the State without the Gov-
ernor's consent. The President declared this to
be a violation of liberty, and persecution. If
it went in he would not accept the constitution.

"He'll have to," shouted one of the whis-
kered lawyers from Oklahoma. "He has no
authority under the Enabling Act to reject our
constitution as long as it is republican in form
and confoi-ms to the Enabling Act." All of
Oklahoma's cornfield lawyers talked likewise.

Then Lo, the untutored red man stood up and
had his say.

"That is all right about the President not
having authority," he agi-eed mildly. "That is
also my view. But the point is that if he says
he will reject our constitution he'll do it any-
way, authority or no authority. You ought to
know Roosevelt by this time."

It went out.

Both Against the Negro.
Likewise on the race question, which is a

674

THE PANDEX

funny one in the new State. For there are the
copper-colored citizens who are proud of their
color. The Indians are the big landowners and
the aristocrats. They call themselves Indians
when they have but the faintest trace of Indian
blood. Indeed, it is hard for a stranger to pick
out the "Indians." The whites and the Indians
associate as equals and intermarry. But neither
waYits to have anything to do with the negro.

The Five Tribes were slaveholders themselves.
But the Creeks complicated the thing, in those
days, by intermarrying with their negro slaves.
They are not proud of this now, and Creeks
with a trace of negro blood insist on being con-
sidered as pure Indians. In this troublesome
situation there could be no "color" line, and a
definition of what constituted a "negro" was
considered imperative. For Indians and whites
are determined to have .Jim Crow laws. The

present constitutional convention is almost
unanimously Democratic, because that party
called itself the "White Man's Party," and its
leaders openly advised the negroes to support the
Republicans and to demand places on their
tickets. Consequently the Republican tickets,
with many negro candidates and stamped with
the name, "Black Man's Party," was knifed
in scandalous fashion by white Republicans.

But Roosevelt interfered again with the prop-
osition to put a Jim Crow clause in the consti-
tution. The Indian constitution framers were
clever enough to get around that, however. They
have decided to adopt a resolution which will not
go into the constitution, advising the first legis-
lature to enact as statutes the Jim Crow clause
they had intended to put in the constitution.
And no one in Oklahoma doubts for a minute
that this will be done.

A Greater San Francisco or a Lesser Nagasaki?

JAPANESE TRADESMEN ARE SAID TO BE OVERRUNNING THE

COAST METROPOLIS TO SUCH AN EXTENT AS TO THREATEN

ITS ALMOST COMPLETE ORIENTALIZATION

WITH the recent Japanese school con-
troversy peaceably adjusted and the
heat of discussion abated, the following dis-
closure of some of the real motives that lay
behind the radical attitude of the California
people is of no little importance :

San Francisco, Cal. — How long will it be until
San Francisco's residence district is entirely
Japanese? To Eastern critics, with their peren-
nial long-distance championship of the "op-
pressed," this may sound like a foolish question.
To the San Franciscan, who is being driven
slowly but irresistibly into the sea by the Nip-
ponese merchant and tradesman, it is a startling
reality.

To the occupant of the twenty-room mansion
on the best of San Francisco's seven hills this
does not matter, perhaps. To the hundreds of
thousands • of toilers, professional and business
men — the men of the flat and furnished room in
that vast residence area flanking the business
district — it is a problem graver and more full
of menace than the alien labor difficulty can ever
be. To San Francisco at large it is a question

of the survival of the fittest — one that will decide
whether the once proud city of the Argonauts
will be a Greater San Francisco or a lesser Naga-
saki, with the chances in favor of the latter con-
dition rapidly increasing.

How can the coolie drive the American from
his home 1 The outside world will ask this with
an intimation that the matter is absurd. Well,
stranger, it is thusly :

Suppose we begin with the prosperous small
merchant, the professional man, or office holder
with a family and a seven-room flat. He, you
will concede, should be driven from home less
easily than the clerk or tradesman of the fur-
nished room or light housekeeping suite. We will
take the case of Blank, who has a fair-sized
place on Fillmore Street. Perhaps it was on
Kearny or Market before the fire — but no matter.
He has lived for years on Geary, Post, or Bush
or Pine or Sutter Street, somewhere between
Van Ness and "the Park ; or on one of the cross
streets between Sacramento and Market. Take
your choice in a latitude of several square miles.
Before the fire he paid $40 and after it $50,
which is about the limit of his purse. Then
comes the landlord and demands another $10

THE PANDEX

675

increase. Blank is comfortable and does not like
to move. He protests, but tinally rents the front
parlor and hands over the $60 without further
question every time the first of the month comes
around. This lasts about sixty days and the
notice of a raise to $75 is given. Blank calls
on the agent with whom he has had satisfactory
dealings for years and has a heart-to-heart talk
with him.

"Tliis is an outrage," he says plainly. "You
are asking about twenty per cent interest on
the original value of the property. I can't stand
it. It is unjust. The neighborhood is deterio-
rating. Japanese barber shops and poolrooms
are starting in the same block. Japanese chil-
dren are playing with my own youngsters. All
the decent people are moving away."

"Ah!" cries the agent. "There you have it,
Blank. The Japs are offering' more for your flat
than I am asking you now. I eoiikl rent it for
$100 inside of a week."

Then Blank forgets his anger in amazement
and asks more questions. He learns that the
seven rooms in which he quarters from six to
eisht people will provide "comfortable accom-
modations" for half a hundred little brown men,
women, and children. The basement will house
a barber shop, laundry oflice, and poolroom, with
bunking, cooking, and eating facilities for pro-
prietor and employees. The front parlor will
hold eight cots for which $5 per month can easily
be obtained. Tlie other rooms will contain with-
out difficulty, from five to six cots or mats each,
including the combined dining-room and kitchen,
where the cooks, waiters, chambermaids, and pro-
prietors sleep. In addition to this, the bath-
room, from which the tub is immediately re-
moved, will put up a couple of guests, and the
back porch is good for from four to six more.
Blank may not be a rapid calculator, but he
knows the rudiments of the multiplication table
and asks no more questions.

Submits to the Inevitable.

He submits to the inevitable and moves, as
many of his contemporaries have already done
before him. Here and there the Jap encounters
a property owner with race prejudice, sentimen-
tality of Americanism enough — call it what you
will — to be obstinate. This delays, but does not
daunt him. If the property is not especially
desirable he "passes it up" temporarily, know-
ing that by and by the white residents will move
out of a Jap-ridden neighborhood to protect
the dignity of their womenfolk and the morals
of their children. Then the Japanese come into
their own. Thus it has been on Geary Street,
which, between Van Ness Avenue and Fillmore
Street, is almost entirely Japanese. E.specially
is this the ease on the block from Laguna to
Buchanan, where there are but two whites, one
a livery stable keeper and the other a baker,
neither of whom resides on the block, and both
of whom will remove in the near future. Some
twenty "hotels" are found in this block, and

almost every,-,sprt of Japanese store, booth,,, pr
establishment is represented. One sees tew
whites in this former residence block. Slant-eyed
men , qf all conditions stand in doorways and
smirk at white women who pass. Japanese
children, reversing the supposedly existent state
of affairs, often hurl invective in "pidgin
English" at Young America, en- passan'', and
Japanese odors are over al!

At Post and Laguna Streets, just a block
north, the Althea apartment house has just
been finished, and its entire ground floor has
been gobbled by Japanese merchants, including
a grocery, tailor shop, bank, haberdashery and
bazaar, and drug store. This is the district
formerly devoted exclusively to high-class family
hotels, adjoining the St. Hilaire apartments,
among the finest in San Francisco. Almost
within a stone's throw are the Majestic, Dor-
chester, Atherton, and other big hotels, where
the city's transient elite lodge.

Sutter Street, where many of these great hos-
telries are found, is freer perhaps from the Nip-
pon 's onslaught than the thoroughfares on either
side. Bush and Pine Streets are Jap-infested,
and Gough Street, between these two streets, is
solidly Japanese, except for Old Trinity, the
once-fashionable religious center of San Fran-
cisco, which is now surrounded by the booths and
lodgings of the Mikado's subjects. In the very
shadow of Old Trinity's august, vine-clad walls
is a one and one-half story Japanese hotel, the
lower part serving as a notion store and tailor
shop. Adjoining is a shoe store, from above
which a large sign adjures us in both English
and Japanese to use the "Togo shoes." Next
comes a clothing and furnishing bazaar for men
and women, and at the corner Japanese books
and stationery are handled and advertised by a
window full of gaudy postal cards.

The block just opposite is also entii'ely Japan-
ese. It includes four "hotels," a grocery, em-
ployment oflBee, bath and barber shop, fniit
stand, real estate office, contractor's office, china
and fancy goods bazaar and Buddhist mission.
In an area back of this place of worship weird
and noisy rituals have brought disrepute upon
the neighborhood, and few whites reside on
Pine Street within earshot of .the pandemoniac
shrine. This is another neighborhood which
white women shun, especially at night.

At Pine and Laguna, before the fire a high-
class residence district, is another Japanese mer-
cantile colony. The corner house, an erstwhile
family mansion, is now painted a hideous red and
contains a Japanese physician, dentist, fruit
stand, bank, barber, laundry agent, notion and
clothing store, jewelry store, stationery and
book store. About forty Japanese are housed in
the building. Most of the block on Pine Street,
west of Buchanan, is inhabited by Japanese.

Drives Out Americans.

On Post Street, between Van Ness and Polk,
the Japanese merchant has put his American

676

THE PANDEX

competitor completely to rout by the same tactics
and is daily making further encroachments on
the business district growing east from Van
Ness into the old burned area. There are six
Japanese bazaars on one side of the street in
this block and two temporarily vacant stores will
soon have Japanese tenants.

The Japanese, who were just beginning to
colonize the poorer business districts of the
downtown section and the lodging-house area on
the outskirts of Chinatown before the fire were
completely "cleaned out" by the conflagration
of April, 1906.

At the end of July, three months later, how-
ever, a police report, admittedly incomplete, of
Japanese in the resident district of the Western
Addition showed 664 dwellers in "hotels,"
"missions," etc., whoise occupation was not ob-
tainable; sixty-four bazaars, thirty-nine shoe-
makers, twenty-eight house-cleaning companies,
thirty-three restaurants, in addition to those con-
nected with tbe boarding places, several doctors,
nineteen fruit stands, twenty-three barbers, eight
groceries, seventeen banks, twenty-one tailors,
nine billiard "parlors," eleven haberdasheries,
four stationery stores, twenty-eight employment
offices, twelve laundries, three tin stores, three
florists, three jewelry stores, ten bathhouses,
eleven bakeries, two carpenters, and nine real
estate dealers. In all, it was estimated that,
aside from domestics, there were in this district
more than a thousand Japanese. That there are
now 10,000 in the same territory and that the
number of Japanese establishments had more
than quadrupled since that time is conceded to
be a very conservative estimate.

Some idea of the Japanese population of San
Francisco may be gained by the character of its
newspapers, the largest of which is the Japanese
Daily New World, which owns and operates one of
the best equipped newspaper plants in San Fran-
cisco, maintains a metropolitan staff of report-
ers and advertising agents, and commands a paid
subscription list of something like 40,000. An-
other, the Soko Shimbun, or Japanese Daily
News, has not rehabilitated itself as completelj
as its larger rival from the fire loss, but is get-
ting out a four-page daily with a circulation
about half as large as that of the World, in a
converted dwelling house on Laguna Street.

While on the subject of business probity, it
may be stated that in this particular, according
to statistics, the Japanese is as deficient as, in
business enterprise, he is proficient. He rejects
with scorn the maxim that "honesty is the best
policy," and perverts the Golden Kule, after
the manner of David Harum, "Do unto others
as they would do unto you — and do it first."

Paradoxically enough, ' ' Golden Rule " is a favor-
ite title for Japanese enterprises. Hence the
Golden Rule laundry. Golden Rule bakeries, sev-
eral in number. Golden Rule barber shops galore,
etc.

Quoting from the most recent report of the
bureau of labor statistics, apropos of the fore-
going statement, we have the following:

"Men of standing in the community who em-
ploy Japanese and who are distinctly opposed to
labor unions, largely on account of the opposi-
tion of the latter to Orientals, declare the Jap-
anese to be decidedly dishonest and totally in-
ferior in this regard to the Chinese. One bank
positively refuses to open any account with the
Japanese because of their absolute dishonesty,
the same bank welcoming business from the
Chinese."

Two other extracts from the labor commis-
sioner's report are pertinent, in that they show
San Francisco not to be alone in her misery
of Mongol infection. They are as follows:

"It is generally conceded that ninety per cent
of the people met, walking, or driving, on all
of the country roads around Vacaville are
Japanese. The Japanese stores in Vacaville are
doing more than fifty per cent of the general
merchandise business of the town and ninety
per cent of the farm supply business.

"The permanent Japanese population of
Fresno is about three hundred, exclusive of the
farm labor. About fifty are in business in
Fresno — in general merchandise, hotels, boarding-
houses, restaurants, billiard halls, barber shops,
shoe stores, jewelry, and clothing stores. In
Fresno, as at all other points, it is considered
that the Japanese is merciless when he has his
employer at a disadvantage; that he will work
cheaply until all competition is eliminated, and
then strike for high wages, totally disregarding
any agreement or contract."

Another report which sheds some light on the
moral side of the Japanese is the police record
for the last eleven months in San Francisco,
which shows that nearly three hundred arrests
of Japanese have been made during this period.
The charges include almost the entire decalogue
of crime, from cruelty to animals to murder, a
large portion of them having to do with the
maintenance of disorderly houses. Only thirteen
cases of drunkenness are recorded, showing that
the Japanese plans and executes his infractions
of the law with a clear head and sober delibera-
tion— a fact which seems to indicate that law-
lessness is a normal rather than an abnormal
condition.

From the foregoing it will be seen that the
Japanese school question, which has not yet

THE PANDEX

677

ceased to agitate two nations, nor to be com-
mented on by the civilized world at large, is a
mere bagatelle beside the Japanization of West-
em America. Perhaps our Eastern brothers will

argue, reassuringly and with a tinge of personal
condescension, that American ingenuity will find
a way to solve this difficulty, as it has always
done before.

FROM A CELESTIAL VIEWPOINT

A LETTER FROM LI TSE YUNG OF ST. LOUIS TO HIS MOST HON-

ORABLE FATHER IN PEKIN.— A CHINESE REVIEW

OF AMERICAN HABITS

IT WAS noted during the incumbency of
Wu Ting Pang as Chinese Minister to the
United States that this extraordinary and
astute Oriental viewed Americans and their
ways with a superior and delightful amuse-
ment. Perhaps the following from the St.
Louis Globe-Democrat, translated from a let-
ter of a Chinese in America to his father in
the old country, will throw a little light on

the reason for Mr. Wu's attitude:

•

To my father, most worthy, most honorable,
most wise, descended from heaven-born ances-
tors, I, his most wretched and unworthy son,
send greetings, kissing the hem of his garments.

Truly, 0 my father, it was well said in the
book of the poets that reverence for parents is
the chief of virtues.

Truly, it was well said by the Sage Huey that
the son who does not listen to his father with
proper reverence shall never attain the rank of
a superior man.

Truly in the Wisdom of Confucius it is laid
down that he who would rise to the rank of
mandarin in his own city must learn from his
own father the wisdom of his own ancestors.

Well have you said in your most honorable
parental voice to my most unworthy ears that
he who hears not the voice of his own ancestors,
heaven-descended spirits, speaking through the
voice of his father, shall hear all men call him
unblessed.

Having had ears that heard not, I am now
by all men in St. Louis called unblessed, even a
"Chink," and many such names by many who
know not the book of the poets, and, though un-
learned in the Wisdom of Confucius, think them-
selves wise and honorable and me a wretched and
degraded heathen.

This they do, knowing not that I have deserved
it by not heeding your most wise and honorable

voice. Three times most unworthily having
failed in my examinations in the book of the vir-
tues of the superior man, and knowing that
through the fault of my most vile and degraded
ears, deaf to your most excellent wisdom, I could
never become a mandarin and rise to the dignity
of the peacock's feather in our own land of
heavenly virtues, I have, after many sufferings,
reached this city of strange customs in a land of
strange people.

Well is it said in the book of the doctrine
of the mean that they who know not their own
minds are ignorant, though they have all other
learning, and can never reach the wisdom of the
mean.

I prostrate myself, touching the floor with my
most unworthy forehead, remembering now when
it is too late how your voice of excellent wisdom
would have instructed me in the doctrine of the
mean, which he who knows finds rest in himself
from many labors, knowing himself and his own
mind as part of the way of the me^n.

In this city of many labors, knowing not my
own mind and being among those who know not
their own minds, I rest not in myself but only
in exteriors, which as it is said in the book of
the poets, slide from under the feet of the un-
wise, even as a treadmill moves forever under
the feet of the ass which moves forever in the
same place, even by attempting to get to the top.

So it is as said in the book of the poets. Even
so it is with me who am the ass. Even so it is
with this city of strangeness, which is the tread-
mill for me and for all who have not learned to
live in the doctrine of the mean. Knowing not
ourselves, we strive forever to get to the top
and, moving the treadmill, move not upwards our-
selves.

Even so have I gained $500 in the paper money
of this country which, hoping to return to the
land of heavenly wisdom, I have changed into
silver dollars. Each one of these dollars is in
Pekin of the value of a wheelbarrow load of cash

678

THE PANDEX

useful for the wisdom of the mean because he
who has it may rest in himself, learn to know
himself and attain the doctrine of the mean.

Here he who has a dollar thinks it useful only
for getting another dollar. Here I, having al-
ready $500, am as the others by whom I am
called a chink. I think only of getting another
$500. So far, my most honorable father, has
the mind of your most degraded and wretched
son been corrupted by not heeding the wisdom
of your voice and the voice of your heaven-de-
scended ancestors that I expect to gain here
$5000.

Then I shall return to Pekin, the most celestial
of all cities, and my most revered mother shall
wear gannents of the best silk with buttons of
jade.

Losing the doctrine of the mean, I study here
the strange learning of this uneelestial people.
I have learned to read their books. In one they
count most sacred, they teach that the love of
money is the root of all evil. They teach also
that the poor in spirit are blessed, and also the
makers of peace and those of a meek disposition.
They read these books on Sunday. Being taught
so to read on Sunday, I have been told in these
books that my soul is immortal and that the souls
of all are immortal and that those who strive to
gain the most on all days of the week, except
Sunday, are most likely to lose their souls. Hav-
ing learned to read on Sundays when such books
are read and taught, I can also read all the other
books which are intended for all days of the week
but Sunday.

Most honorable father, bear with the shame-
fulness of your most degraded son when he tells
you that in some things these most uneelestial
people are wise. It is not with them as with us,
that they must go on learning new letters forever,
in every new book they read. Having learned to
read at first on Sundays, or in the book intended
only for Sundays, which says that the love of
money is the root of all evil, they can then read
in these same letters all the other books which
are not intended for Sunday but the days of the
week.

Of these books not intended for Sundays, but
for the other days of the week, there are, most
honorable father, a most incredible number which
tell how to make more money.

Having learned to read the Sunday book, I
can also read all these. I do not have to take a
new examination and a new course of study be-
fore going from one book, to another. When the
Sunday book they call the Bible, the hymn
book and the catechism are locked up at the end
of that day, I and all others who have learned

to read them find the same letters in all the
books of all the days of the week, so that we can
read them just as well as the Sunday books.

Most excellent and worthy descendant of
heaven-born ancestors, this is superior to the
method of our sages, and to our sacred alphabet
of 250,000 letters.

Forgive your degraded son, who thus un-
worthily learns the ways of uneelestial reading.
But, by using in this foreign way the same let-
ters from Sunday books in weekday books, I and
all others find how to make more money. Doubt
not, then, that, having .$500 already, I shall have
$1000. Having $1000, I have learned from these
books of the weekdays how to gain $5000. The
most divinely endowed and spiritually minded
mother of your wretched and degraded son shall
then wear robes of the best silk, with jade but-
tons. We shall then burn many lights and leave
offerings of rich food on the graves of your
heaven-descended ancestors in atonement for the
wretchedness of your pusillanimous and abject
son.

Behold, now, what I have learned from a book
made for the days of the week, to show how,
with .$500 to get $1000, and with $1000 to get
$5000. This is what is called finance. It is not
learned by many in this country. They know
no more of it than do the coolies from Hongkong,
who are here thougiit to know as much and to be
able to learn as much as the son of a most hon-
orable, heaven-descended father in the celestial
city of Pekin. "All Chinks look alike to us,"
they say. By this they mean that they set no
value at all on the celestial virtues, such as you
who are most honorable, have learned from your
most honorable ancestors and from the boon of
wisdom. But they also say: "We are Missouri-
ans, and we must be shown." So having read
much while they slept, studying hard the book of
finance studied by their superior men of the pea-
cock's feather rank of the mandarin grade, I
have learned how to change $500 into $5000.

First, I have shown Ah Sam, Chew Ling, Jo
Foy, and the owners of five other laundries.
Being from Canton, they would not read the
book of finance. But being of a celestial spirit,
in spite of being Cantonese, they listened to me.
I became thus what the book of finance called
a promoter. A promoter organizes. I organized
the North American Consolidated Purification
Company, with $30,000 in common stock and $20,-
000 in preferred stock. This stock, most hon-
orable one, is but paper printed on in color. The
color is green, with pictures, and with the pic-
tures are marks of dollars. Having this stock.
Ah Sam, Jo Foy and Chew Ling think that they

THE P AND EX

C79

RETURNING THE LOOT.

The above cartoon was sug:g:ested to Cartoonist Reufro by the telegraphic advices of a day
or two ago that E. H. Harriman had expressed a desire to return to the United States govern-
ment certain lands which it is claimed he holds illegally. Mr. Harriman was prompted in this
move probably by the report that legal steps were to be taken in order to recover the lauds.

—Seattle Star.

680

THE PANDEX

are rich in the wealth of this country. But in
the book of finance I have learned that even if
I had all $50,000 in this stock with me in Pekin
it would not buy a single silk dress with jade
buttons for my most honorable mother. Hear,
then, 0 heaven-descended one, what the next
step is to be.

I have as promoter of the North American
Purification Company $5000 in preferred stock.
The St. Louis Steam Cleansing Company is what
is here called a laundry trust, with a hundred
thousand dollars capital, on paper printed in
colors. The next step is to "compete with the
trust." By this, most celestial of fathers, your
wretched son has learned from the book of
finance, to understand that when the trust washes
shirts cheaper than Ah Sam, next door to the
trust laundry. Ah Sam, Jo Foy, Chew Ling, and
all the stockholders in the North American Puri-
fication Company must wash shirts still cheaper.
The trust will then wash them cheaper still.
When Ah Sam, next door, puts down his prices,
it will be lower than the trust can go. Then
the trust will begin to try to "buy into" the
North American Purification Company. This
means that they will be willing to give for the
preferred stock of your degraded son, paper
money which can be turned into gold or silver
dollars. The stock being but paper, though it is
beautiful to the eye, is worth nothing in Pekin.
The silver dollars they give your wretched and
abject son for it will fill a flour barrel and two
rice boxes. These, and not the stock, I will bring
with me to Pekin. When my most honorable
mother is dressed in silk with jade buttons, a
single silver dollar will be enough to hire four
coolies to carry her, as little bearers, every day
for a month along the street leading to the palace
of our heaven-born sovereign, so that all will
know how great has been the reward of your most
noble virtues in studying the doctrine of the
mean.

This is what I have learned from the book
of finance, which is the same book studied by the
mandarins of St. Louis. From it, they learn
how to change a thousand dollars into ten thou-
sand and ten thousand into a hundred thousand.
Then, having most uncelestial minds, they buy
automobiles, which are here sometimes called
devil wagons. They also buy jewels, for which
they pay out in a day all they have sold preferred
stock for in a week. They have no "Book on the
Wisdom of Gems." They know nothing of the
virtues of jade or of stones which bring the pro-
tection of heavenly spirits to those of virtuous
lives. So a promoter who says he is a Missourian
and must be shown will pay $10,000 for gems
which may be the homes of 10,000 devils. So
he is arrested when he rides in his devil wagon.
So his wife, when she wears the dreadful stones,
has around her swarms of invisible demons. So
these demons swarm in the house where these
gems are kept locked up while they are not being
worn. So they put it into the mind of those who
can bring dreadful punishments on the owners

of the gems to do what is here called "showing
them up." It would take many letters with my
brush to explain in the noble Chinese sacred char-
acters you read, what it means to be "shown
up." It is not the same thing as being "shown."
It is thought to be a most dreadful thing. It
happens, however, to many. Then the rest who
have been "shown" say, "I told you so." Such
is the strange custom of those who are ignorant
of the virtues of jade and know nothing of the
wisdom of the book of gems.

With every day he remains in this city of for-
eign ways, your abject son becomes more un-
worthy of your honorable presence. He learns
here every day something that is unknown in the
"Book of the Doctrine of the Mean." All these
things, these uncelestial and strange people mean
to use in China for getting more money. They
call them the "blessings of our civilization."
The worst of it, O my father of most exalted
virtues, is that we will have to learn them, no
matter how abject and uncelestial we become.
Lo, even now, I can see the streets of Pekin
filled with the same rushing devil wagons which
are always running over some one in St. Louis.
Even now I behold the descendants of celestial
ancestors who are too poor to buy devil wagons
"shooting the chute" in the beautiful and celes-
tially quiet gardens of Pekin, where they once
drank tea and meditated on the "Book "of the
Poets." By "shooting the chute" here, they get
the same feeling for a few cash, a mandarin gets
in his devil wagon. They rush headlong down a
long way, as if to terrible and endless destruc-
tion. Suddenly they turn over in the air, with
their heads downward, and then turn back again.
They are thrilled with all the feelings of horror
which are a pleasure to them. These are the
same feelings they have when they think they
are going to lose money on their investments.
When they reach the bottom of the chute without
being killed, it is the same feeling as if they had
made money. So they begin and teach their
children to shoot the chute at the same age you
began trying to teach me the doctrine of the
mean. These strange things and a thousand oth-
ers we must learn, or we will have Pekin taken
away from us. The doctrine of the mean will
not stop this, because there is no money in the
doctrine of the mean. It is not enough to learn
how to get a mandarin 's button and to rise to the
rank of the peacock's feather. We must learn
to get money, and more money, and then to use it
to get more money still, until we "can hold our
own." Here, when they say a man can hold his
own, it is the same as saying with us that he is
a superior man. It means he has so much money
that nobody can take it away from him, and also
that he has enough to be able to take as much as
he likes from those who can not hold their own.
This also we must learn, or lose all our celestial
virtues.

Farewell. Your most abject son calls down the
blessings of heaven on your most exalted worthi-
ness.

THE P AND EX

681

Measuring the S^^

'■d.:1i

*SS5^

b^^*^'

F^>

— Adapted from New York Herald.

BOSTON DOCTOR FINDS

THAT THE SPIRIT

HAS ACTUAL

WEIGHT.

RUH1K»F

AN ADVANCE IN PSYCHICS

ALTHO the news whicih has been widely
heralded during the past few weeks to
the effect that a well-known and scientific
physician has found that the body weighs
less immediately after death than before
death has only a fanciful connection with
other current events, it is interefsting to
couple it up with the tendency of the times
toward things more moral and toward things
which are presumed to belong to the cate-
gory of the "spiritual." The physician's
experiments have been interpreted as a dis-
covery that the soul, which is presumed to
depart from the body at death, has an actual
measurable reality; and the cartoonists of
of the country have been quick to suggest
that there is no particular use in applying

the measuring principle to certain conspicu-
ous members of modern society.

RIDICULE FOR THE DISCOVERER

Physician Who Found That Body Loses Weight
at Death Is Laughed at.

Characteristically enough, the radical dis-
coveries of the phj'sician above alluded to
have met with the ridicule which accom-
panies all strikingly new discoveries or ad-
vancements. Said the New York Herald:

Boston, Mass. — Death's mysterious freeing of
the human soul has been solved with a pair of
scales, according to Dr. Duncan Macdougall, of
Haverhill, whose announcement that the human
soul weighs about three-quarters of an ounce
has amused many scientists.

Dr. Macdougall is the Sir Walter Raleigh of

682

THE PANDEX

the human soul. To him the weighing of the
human soul is as practical as was Sir Walter's
triumph of weighing tobacco smoke.

There was merry jeering in the tavern, three
hundred years ago, when Sir Walter told his
companions he knew the weight of the fleeting
clouds that whirled upward from their pipe
bowls.

"Perfectly simple," said Sir Walter. And
he weighed first the tobacco and then the ashes,
subtracted the weights and collected the wagers.

Just so would Dr. Macdongall solve the great-
est mystery in the world. The doctor does not
say he has found the human soul. He does not
say the soul has weight. He has discovered,
however, a phenomenon of human death. He
has learned, and believes he is the first to an-
nounce it, that at the e:^act moment a human
being dies there is an instant and perceptible
loss of weight.

When Soul and Body Part.

Tlie most important feature of the discovery
is the coincidence that the loss of weight occurs
at the exact moment life departs. It is an ac-
cepted theory that soul and body part at the
instant of death. Dr. Macdougall has observed
that at this moment the body loses weight.
Therefore, he believes this weight has something
to do with the soul. His only evidence is his
discovery that these events are synchronous. He
proposes to ask the scientific world to account
for this weight loss. With all of his application
of chemistry, physics, and other sciences of the
material world he can not account for the phe-
nomenon.

Dr. Macdougall started his investigation with
the hypothesis that the human soul possesses
weight. His logic is that the body at the mo-
ment of death loses the soul. At the same mo-
ment it loses weight. Therefore, the soul must
have weight. Until science furnishes him some
more satisfactory explanation for this loss of
n-eight he is ready to defend the theory that the
soul has weight.

Dr. Macdougall does not believe for a moment
his experiments are ended and entirely conclu-
sive. He has not finished his work, nor has he
thoroughly prepared his ease.

MACDOUGALL TELLS HIS STORY

Boston Physician Describes His Experiments and
Inferences.

An extended description of the experi-
ments of the physician who measured the
•'soul" was given by the physician himself,
as follows, in the Cleveland Plain Dealer:

Dr. Duncan Macdougall has recently startled
the medical world by the announcement that he
has succeeded in weighing the human soul. He
did this in a series of experiments at the Cullis
Free Home for Consumptives in Boston. His

method was to weigh the body of a person just
before and after death. He found that a wo-
man's soul weighed half an ounce and that men's
souls weighed from three-quarters of an ounce
to almost a full ounce. Dr. Macdougall believes
the soul substance which leaves the body is a
form of ether, that these disembodied souls, or
spirits, may circle around the earth, or may dart
off into space.

Dr. Macdougall is a regular school physician,
a man about forty, graduate of the Boston Uni-
versity Medical School, and a very successful
practitioner at Haverhill, Mass. He is not a
spiritualist, nor a religionist, but a very level-
headed, up-to-date physician. He undertook the
experiments in a purely scientific spirit. He has
made some tests with animals without decisive
results, but he is inclined to think that animals
have souls as well as human beings. Below is
given his very remarkable statement of his ex-
periments and astonishing conclusions.

Enthusiasts of science on the one hand are
so interested in the experiments of Dr. Mac-
dougall that they urge a general application of
his theories to criminals just before and aftei-
hanging or electrocution for a conclusive deter-
mination of the question ; on the other hand the
doctor's tests are regarded by many scientists
as misleading and inconclusive, some maintaining
that the emanations thrown off the body while
the patient is in extremis are simply gaseous.
Dr. Macdougall tersely remarks:

"The idea of weighing the soul may seem
ridiculous to some. But weighing the air doubt-
less appeared equally absurd before science
actually did it."

BY DUNCAN MACDOUGALL
Member of Massachusetts Medical Society.

My experiments in weighing the human soul
were begun about six years ago. I intended to
make the first public announcement of them
through a scientific publication. But, as the
news of the subject has got abroad and there
seems to be a popular interest in the matter, 1
will make this general statement stripped of
technical terms.

Knowing the current belief in life after death,
the idea occurred to me to try some experiments
to see if there were any soul substance that left
the body at the instant of death.

If there were I thought it could only exist as
a space-filling body. Does it have weight and is
it a gravitating matter? Is it a substance that
can be detected in its escape ? These were ques-
tions that occuiTed to me, and I thought they
were legitimate subjects for scientific research.

I thought that if it were possible to secure the
exact weight of a dying person just previous to
the time of death and to secure the weight of
the body immediately after death one point at
least could be determined. It was fortunately
possible at that time or soon after to secure
a number of experiments to determine this the-

THE PANDEX

683

ory. In all, six experiments were made within a
space of two and a half years, three of which
were positively in the affirmative, showing a
decrease in weight at the instant of death, one
other was thrown out because of certain occur-
rences, and the other two were almost in the
affirmative.

My first experiment was particularly strong in
the affirmative. A set of platform scales deli-
cately balanced were secured and upon these a
framework was constructed, a light bed arranged,
and the dying man placed upon ttiat bed, as com-
fortable as in any other, and receiving the same
or more constant care than would otherwise

of an ounce. In the two other cases which were
positively affii-mative the loss in weight was not
as great, but it was enough to be convincing.
Every possible explanation of loss of weight was
figured out. Air was weighed and it was found
that a pint of air weighed about ten grains, so
that- in full respiration the expulsion of the air
in the man 's body could not have been more than
a minute fraction of the ounce.

We stood upon the scales and breathed out
every particle of air within our power and then
breathed in to our fullest inspiration and did
not disturb the balance of the scales, and there
w'as nothing left for us to believe except that at

SOULLESS CORPORATIONS:

"Ha-Ha! There's Something We Don't Have to Try!

' — Denver Post.

have been given him. While practically moi"i-
bund when placed upon the scales he was under
our minute observation for five hours before the
final moment.

During that time there was every opportunity
to watch every change in weight. It was dis-
covered that the loss in weight from the mois-
ture of respiration and the moisiure of the body
and all excretions was regular, about an ounce
an hour, the weight on the beam having to be
moved every fifteen minutes to maintain the
balance.

At the supreme moment, the beam of the
scales fell with perceptible stroke and there was
shown to be a loss in weight of three-quarters

the moment when life passed away, when death
came over the physical body, and the immortal
soul passed out of its easement to its other ex-
istence, there went out of the man a substance
which at least had weight, whatever other attri-
butes and form of known substance it lacked.

This experiment, as well as several others, was
made at the Cullis Free Home for Consumptives
on Blue Hill Avenue in Boston. Associated with
me in the tests were Dr. John Sproule, then house
physician at the hospital ; Dr. William Victor
Grant of the visiting staff, and Dr. Harry Em-
mons of Jamaica Plain, then assistant house
physician.

My fellow physicians wei'e not less surprised

684

THE PANDEX

than I at the first experiment. Dr. Sproule has
since said :

"It was the most sensational moment of my
life. We had been watching the patient's exist-
ence slowly ebb for five hours. Just at the mo-
ment of death his face twitched. It was over.
And instantly the beam of the scales clanged
down so you could liear it all over the room. It
took two silver half dollars to balance the
scales."

My fellow physicians were mystified and only
half convinced. I myself had grave doubts that
our calculations were correct. Otherwise how
was it possible to account for this strange loss?
There was no known scientific manner of doing
so.

As a result of this doubt I submitted another
subject afflicted with the same disease and near-
ing death to the same experiment. He was a
man of much the same temperament as the pre-
ceding patient and about the same physical
type.

The same result happened at the passing of his
life. The instant the heart ceased to beat there'
was a sudden and almost uncanny diminishment
in weight.

As experimenters, each physician in attendance
made figures of his own concerning this loss, and
at a consultation these figures were compared.
The unaccountable loss continued to be shown.

The question then arose as to what the loss
meant. It was a loss of substance which could be
obtained in known figures, which was also such
a singularly appreciable loss as to place it be-
yond all doubt that it might be due to any error
in calculation.

The two separate differences obtained corre-
sponded, each being of about an ounce.

But this was less remarkable than what took
place in the third case. The subject was that of
a man of larger physical build, with a pronounced
sluggish temperament.

When life ceased, as the body lay in bed upon
the scales, for a full minute there appeared to be
no change in weight. The physicians waiting in
the room looked into one another's faces silently,
shaking their heads in the conviction that our
test had failed.

Then suddenly the same thing happened that
had occurred in the other cases. There was a
sudden diminishing in weight, which was soon
found to be the same as that of the preceding
experiments.

I believe that in this case, that of a phleg-
matic man, slow of thought and action, the soul
remained suspended in the body after death,
during the minute that elapsed before it came
to the consciousness of its freedom. There is
no other way of accounting for it, and it is what
might be expected to happen in a man of the
subject's temperament.

The next case was a woman. She was thirty
years old, and of very slight build, weighing but
about 110 pounds. She was dying of kidney

trouble. As she died, the scales showed a lighten-
ing of half an ounce. Now it should not be con-
cluded from this that a woman has only half as
large a soul as a man. I am inclined to think
that the weight of soul substance is very nearly
proportional to the weight of the person, re-
gardless of sex. ^

Three other cases were tried, and in each it
was established that weight of from one-half to
a full ounce departed from the body at the mo-
ment of expiration. In nearly every experiment
each physician made his own figures and then
a comparison of results followed.

Every test was made to disprove as well as
to prove the peculiar results, but always with
the same definite and marked change.

Thus it appears that the soul must be
some space-occupying body, either of gravi-
tated or some other form of matter which has
weight.

If this strange loss is not due to the weight
of the departing soul it remains for some one
to offer a better solution of the mystery.

I think that any one present at those tests and
witnessing the startling change in the body's
weight when life fled would be convinced that
this is the only solution.

I believe that this soul substance is so fine
that it could not be confined by any known ma-
terial that man possesses. I think that it might
much resemble the X-ray, which can be made
to pass through the most dense substance.

I do not believe that if the body were con-
fined in a steel case the instant before death
there would be a possibility of keeping the soul
shut in.

After my experiment on human beings I made
some tests on dogs. I took about half a dozen
dogs weighing from fifteen to seventy pounds.
In no case did we detect any loss of weight at
moment of death. From this it might be in-
ferred that dogs have no souls. But I regard
these in wonderment, can they really be true?

I can see no logical reason for disbelieving
them. Can any one conceive of personality and
.consciousness continuing to exist and not being
a space-occupying body? If so, it is equivalent
to believing that something can be nothing. Even
the very forces of nature, the dynamic energies,
have to occupy space.

Who can tell the possibilities of a very re-
fined soul substance? Perhaps it goes off into
space in the very volume of bulk or form of the
man or woman it emanates from, just as our
religious friends believe. I see nothing impos-
sible in that.

The soul being a substance that can be
weighed it naturally has gravity. It is attracted
to the earth, but being air it has to rise like a
balloon. The question is, does this soul sub-
stance rise to a certain height, among the cloud
levels, and is it there held in suspense under

THE PANDEX

685

NOT EVEN AN OUNCE.

—New York World

686

THE PANDEX

the earth's attraction? If so, that would be
the soul belt. Some might call it heaven.

Whether this is so or not I don't know, but
it is a scientific possibility.

Another possibility is that this soul substance
may be composed of corpuscles of such a na-
ture that they elude the gravity pull of the earth,
or are thrown off into space by electric repulsion,
or are driven out of the earth's range by the
force of the sun's rays.

The substance of the tail of a comet is of
such a nature that it is constantly being thrown
off and driven far into space by the same force.

The corpuscular theory of matter, now widely
accepted, admits of believing this to be true of
souls. In that case it might be asked where do
these disembodied spirits gof Perhaps through
all the universe, possibly attaining the velocity
of light and electricity — 186,000 miles a second —
when once they have got out of the dense and
clogging atmosphere of the earth, or they may be
very slow moving.

Science now believes that there is a funda-
mental substance — ether — from which all matter
springs. Then this substance lost from these
bpdies must be a differentiated form of ether.
This is what I think the soul really is.

It is so different from the body material that
it deserves to be called a soul substance. I think
it no more strange that there are individual
isolated souls than that each one of us has dis-
tinct personalities — all isolated and distinct in
a world of millions of similar creatures.

The underlying idea is this: If we have an
identity, if you are you and I am I. it is impos-
sible to think of ourselves without thinking that
we are space-occupying bodies. If you continue
to exist after death you can only think of your-
self as a space-filling body or substance. This
is a perfectly natural thought. Every child has it.
It is part of our inheritance, and in the light of
finer science it is perfectly logical. And it is
just as logical when applied to the soul as to
the body.

These are all speculations, of course. It takes
more than one swallow to make a summer. It
needs far more e.xperimenting than I have done
to prove or disprove the correctness of* my theory.

I hope that othei-s who have more means and
opportunity than I and my few associates will
take up the subject and carry on the experiments
till a conclusion will have been reached that will
satisfy the scientific world. If this thing could
be proved, as one scientific man said to me, it
would be the most amazing discovery of the age.
I say this in no boastfulness, but sjmply because
I think it is a subject nearest to the heart of
every living human being.

It would be a very strange thing to find that
psychical research, and physical experiments, at
just about the same time, have arrived at the
same conclusion — that there is a soul substance
or spirit that survives death — just as the re-
ligionists have taught for ages.

Last summer I had all the materials for a

scientific essay on the subject with ine on a vaca-
tion trip, expecting to write it out. But over-
work and ill health unfitted me for the task, so
the thing leaked out prematurely. But perhaps
it is just as well, if the present discussion of
the subject will arouse other experimenters to
take up the subject where I have been forced to
drop it.

If the soul corresponds in volume to the bulk
of the body it is a good deal lighter than air.

The idea of weighing the soul may seem ridicu-
lous to some. But weighing the air doubtless ap-
peared equally absurd before science actually
did it.

A FRENCH IDEA OF THE SOUL

Camille Flammarion, the Eminent Scientist, Says
It Is a Distinct Entity.

Progress toward the material estimating
of the soul, of course, has been in progress
for some time, especially among the students
of the occult. A French view of the matter
is given in the following from the Kansas
City Times :

Paris. — Camille Flammarion, the French as-
tronomer and physicist, referring to the asser-
tion of several American physicians that they
have succeeded in demonstrating physically the
existence of a soul in the human body and ascer-
taining its weight in several experiments, has
written an article for a French magazine ex-
pressing his belief in the possibility of demon-
strating the actual physical existence of the soul.
The article follows:

It is my conviction, borne out by many per-
sonal experiences as well as by those of many
others whose veracity and reliability are above
suspicion, that the soul of man exists as an
entity, independent of the body, and that it sur-
vives the destruction of his physical being.

It is certain that one soul can influence an-
other soul at a distance and without the aid of
the senses. There is not the slightest doubt that
the soul can act at a distance.

Mental suggestion seems equally certain.
Psychic communications between persons who
are living are also proved by a large number of
cases, observed and carefully investigated. There
are psychic currents as well as aerial, electric, and
magnetic currents.

Telepathy Nothing New.

What is nowadays known as telepathy is by-
no means anything new, but held a foremost place
in ancient literature. The works of Homer,
Euripides, Ovid, Virgil, and Cicero often bring
forward cases of manifestations of the dying and
the dead, apparitions and evocations. I shall
mention only one of the most ancient records. In
the Bible, in the Book of Samuel, it is told how

THE P AND EX

687

PITTSBURG OUGHT TO DO SOMETHING TO PRESERVE ITS TWENTY-EIGHT UN-
TAINTED CITIZENS.

— Chicago Record-Herald.

688

THE PANDEX

King: Saul consulted the witch of Endor and saw
the phantom of Samuel. If this account is an
unreal tale it at least indicates what the popu-
lar belief was in those remote periods.

We may see without eyes and hear without
ears, not by unnatural excitement of our sense
of vision or of hearing, but by some interior
sense psychic and mental.

The soul by its interior vision may see not only
what is passing at a great distance, but it may
also know in advance what is to happen in the
future. The future exists potentially deter-
mined by causes which bring to pass successive
events.

Positive observation proves the existence of
a psychic world as real as the world known to
our physical senses. And now, because the soul
acts at a distance by some power that belongs
to it, are we not authorized to conclude that it
exists as something real and that it is not the
result of functions of the brain?

Does light really exist?

Do^es heat exist"?

Does sound exist?

No. They are only manifestations produced
by movement.

What we call light is a sensation produced
upon our optic nerve by vibrations of ether to
the number of from 400 to 756 trillions a second,
undulations that are themselves very obscure.
Sound and heat are also vibrations of different
frequencies.

Does electricity exist, or is it also another mode
of movement? Science must discover this in the
future.

Spiritual, Not Physiologic.

There are many scientific terms, as for instance,
the jiower of gravitation, first discovered and em-
ployed by Newton, representing only effects, not
causes. The soul may be in the ease, but there
are plenty of incidents known to me which do not
look like physiologic operations of one brain
acting upon another, but must be considered, be-
cause there is no other explanation, as psychic
actions of spirit upon spirit.

These phenomena prove, I think, that the soul
exists, and that it is endowed with faculties at
present unknown. That is the logical basis of
commencing a study which, in the end may lead
us to a knowledge of the after life and immor-
talitv.

DR. FUNK'S SPIRIT VOICE

Noted Publisher Issues a Book on Psychic
Phenomena He Has Witnessed.

The following from the Kansas City Star
is a condensation of the observations of one
of the most indefatigable of American lay
students of the psychic :

In his new book, "The Psychic Riddle," Dr.
Isaac K. Funk declares that the phenomena pro-

duced by Emily S. French were the most won-
derful and mysterious of anything he had known
in thirty years spent in investigating manifesta-
tions of that character.

Mrs. French is described as an aged woman,
the widow of the late Lieutenant French, who
was killed in the Civil War. She belongs to
the American branch of the Pierrpont family.
She lives with her daughter in a village in West-
ern New York. She is a lady of refinement and
possesses the charming, unassuming and gentle
manners of a well-born race. Her chief pleasure
in life is administering to the comfort and educa-
tion of her grandchildren.

Dr. Funk at first refused to attend one of Mrs.
French's seances, but being urged many times
to do so he at last consented upon condition that
the seances should be in New York City upon
the following conditions:

1. No one was to come with Mrs. French ex-
cept the one lady escort.

2. Both ladies should stop at the home that I
designated.

3. That the sittings should be at such house
as I would make known to them after their ar-
rival in New York, and this house was not to be
visited by the medium or her friend except during
our sittings, nor by any person representing
them.

4. Both women were to follow my directions
absolutely while in New York City.

These terms were accepted cheerfully.

A close friend of mine, a wealthy business
man in New York, whom I have known for over
thirty years, consented to permit me to use a
room in his family apartment for this series of
seances. It would be difficult to conceive of a
better room for this purpose. The windows of
the apartment are so arranged that they all open
out about fifty feet above the surface of the
ground. It is entered by two doors, one from
the hall, which leads to the elevator, and the
other from a fire escape. The latter at all of
our sittings was locked and chained from the
inside, and in .addition a heavy trunk rested
against the door. The hall door was also locked
from the inside. At several of the scries of sit-
tings I kept the key of this door in my pocket
during the entire time. The persons at the
seances were this friend whom I will call Mr. Z.,
his wife and daughter and myself, the medium
and her lady escort — these comprised all of the
persons who were in the apartment; not a ser-
vant, not even an animal pet of any kind was
allowed in the apartment during tne sittings,
except on two occasions — once we invited an out-
side friend, and once a friend and his wife.

Mrs. Z. has often investigated spiritualistic
phenomena with me during the last twenty years.
She is an expert at this kind of detective work.
Her daughter also has attended a large number
of seances, and withal is an author of reputa-
tion. Both Mrs. and Miss Z. are very skeptical
as to the spiritualistic hypothesis and are, in my
judgment, keen investigators and have a lively

THE PANDEX

689

knowledge of human nature, especially of the
woman sort. Mr. Z. himself has been for years
a student of psychic matters and has had no lit-
tle experience with the tricks of mediumistie
fakers. I know of no house or family better
fitted for the work I here and then undertook.

There is another fact to be noted. After my
attention was first called to Mrs. French, I had
a friend who is an able expert in psychic mat-
ters to go from New York to Buffalo to attend
some of Mrs. French's seances and to make re-
port to me. He did so, and his report on the
whole was unfavorable, basing his conclusions
mainly on the darkness of the seance room and
the possibility of the medium producing the
voices herself.

Dr. Funk attended thirteen different seances
given by Mrs. French and all of them were ar-
ranged by him. All of them were held in abso-
lute darkness. The manifestations consisted of
independent voices which seemed to come from
different parts of the room. Of these voices
Dr. Funk says :

It was quickly evident that one of two hypo-
theses must furnish the explanation of these
phenomena. Either they were produced through
conscious fraud on the part of the medium, a
fraud which has been continued now for more
than two score years, or they were produced by
foreign intelligences. Let it be remembered that
the hands of all in the circle were joined to-
gether, except the hands of the medium. I hav-
ing hold of the right hand of Mrs. Blank and Mr.
Z. having hold of her left hand. We frequently
talked to Mrs. Blank while the voices were talk-
ing. Mrs. Blank was in this way practically
eliminated from the problem. The voice of Red
Jacket appeared to come from a point some four
feet above the head of the medium, and about
three feet to the left of her as she sat facing
the members of the semicircle.

At my request, the voice of Red Jacket
changed to different parts of the room. This it
did always on the side where the medium was
sitting. In reply to a question why he could not
come behind those of us who were in the circle
And speak, he said: "It is necessary for us to
be near the medium, as we draw force from her."

Our various tests confirmed the conviction that
Mrs. Blank had nothing whatever to do with
these voices. This we proved by talking to her
and having her talk to us while the voices were
speaking. Our tests also eliminated the theory
that Mrs. F. left her seat or stood up.

Dr. Funk and others of those present at the
sittings held the hands of Mrs. French while the
voices were speaking in different parts of the
room. They also had Mrs. French speak at the
same time the mysterious voices were speaking.
Dr. Funk says of what occurred at the third
sitting:

Frequently Mrs. F. replied in a natural voice,
that certainly seemed at times simultaneous with
Red Jacket's speaking. During the whole of the

talking one of Mi-s. Blank's hands was in Mr.
Z.'s hand, and the other was held by me.

At the fourth sitting, as soon as the lights were
out, the mysterious voice of Red Jacket asked
Dr. Funk to hold both the hands of Mrs. French.

I separated her two hands about twelve inches,
so that the one hand of the medium could not
possibly be mistaken for two hands, a trick that
I have known to have been played again and
again; a trick I myself have played successfully
in a dark circle. I put my hands straight out
from my body, so as to have the width of my
body between the two hands. I again requested
Mrs. F. to talk much. Her face could not have
been more than twenty-four inches from mine. I
could hear her breathe as well as talk. Red
Jacket and the other voices talked freely, and
Mrs. F. frequently spoke, seemingly at the same
time. This test lasted probably ten minutes. It
made it impossible for me to hold longer the
megaphone theory, and it is difficult to see how
it was possible to explain the phenomena by
ventriloquism.

As nearly as it is possible for the ear to de-
tect, Mrs. F. breathed naturally and talked in her
usual low tones, at the same instant that the ex-
plosive voice of Red Jacket spoke. I noted
particularly the breathing of Mrs. French. Her
breath came regular during the sentences of
Red Jacket, whether they were long or short.

At the last sitting Dr. Funk made the following
test:

A candlestick with a candle in it was placed
on a table at the side of one of the members of
the circle, and when the control gave the word,
this gentleman, who is a dentist in Rochester, was
to light the candle; then I was to give to the
medium, in the presence of all the members of
the circle, a colored liquid, the color of which was
known only to me. The mediurh was to take all
of the liquid in her mouth ; I was to place the
empty glass on the floor between my feet; the
light was then to be extinguished, and imme-
diately thereafter Red Jacket, if possible, was
to speak in his natural voice, and then the candle
was to be relit and the colored water was to be
ejected from the mouth of the medium into the
measuring glass which I was to hold, and we were
all to see whether the same amount of liquid
had been emptied from the medium's mouth into
the glass as was in it at the beginning of the
seance, and whether it was of the same color.

The plan of procedure as described was car-
ried out to the letter, and Red Jacket spoke
within a minute after the liquid had been taken
into the medium's mouth and the light extin-
guished. It should be remembered that I held
the glass to her mou':h before the light was ex-
tinguished, and after the voice came the candle
was relit and the medium emptied the liquid
from her mouth into the measuring glass which
I held in my hand. The liquid emptied into the
glass I found to be of the exact amount that T
gave her, and was, in the judgment of us all, of
the same color.

690

THE PANDEX

ome]

■ . ,////■.

.;-/,

■;|\^l

SOCIETY WOMEN LEARNING BANKING,
WORKING WOMEN WHO DOMIN-
ATE A TOWN, AND TELEPHONE
GIRL WHO LISTENS TO
ALL THE CRIME

TN LINE with the developments suggested
in The Pandex of last month, with regard
to the growth of independence and public
activity on the part of women, there have
been many newspaper reports during the
past four or five weeks; but the following
three typical narratives will reflect clearly
the breadth of the entire movement, as well,
perhaps, as its inevitability:

BANKING TAUGHT TO WOMEN

"MAIN 13"

Chicaso Telephone Girl Who Heart All the

Wickedneu of the Windy City

— Adapted from Chicago Tribune.

Two Ladies Who Make a Business of Showing
Mysteries of Check Books.
In the way 'of business, the following from
the St. Louis Globe-Democrat shows not only
woman's development, but woman's initia-
tive and energy in the invasion of new fields :

There are two institutions in St. Louis where they teach women the mysteries of modern bank-
ing methods. Patient tutors who have learned the system of the great trust companies toil day
after day, helping thousands of women save and invest their savings wisely.

They do not only teach the "stay-at-home matron" how to make out her deposit slips or
handle her passbook; their interest in the pupils extends to advice on all financial matters, and
even to talk over their domestic troubles. The reader would be surprised at the many different

THE PANDEX

691

topics which these instructors are compelled to
offer advice about, day after day. These women
are selected by their employers as the shrewdest
and most capable business women in St. Louis.
Banking is a science, and to have a faultless
general knowledge of its divei-s branches requires
not only a period of routine clerical training, but
an educated eye for finance. Misleading terms
of the banking phraseology which may often
baffle the business man of to-day, must be ex-
plained to the women, who know nothing of them,
in terms that may be easily understood.

One of these schools for banking is in the Mer-
•eantile Trust Company, under the management
of Mrs. Graham Frost, and the other is located
in the Missouri Lincoln Trust Company. The
latter is under Mrs. Florence Laflin.

These departments are mostly to help women,
who are too timid to run the gauntlet of a busy
teller's business-like questions, and who wish to
invest their savings. There is something awful
about the teller's window to the average woman.
He seems like one enshrined, grand at least, if
not gloomy and peculiar.

Small Deposits Numerous.

The savings departments of the large trust
■companies are largely supported by the deposits
of working people. Yet these savings are not al-
ways meager; they sometimes run up into the
thousands, and the people who put them in there
are people who are drawing small salaries as a
rule.

A great many of the women of all classes and
races who flee to Mrs. Graham Frost or her neat
business-like assistant. Miss Kennett, keep a
little account, which is composed of the stray
dimes and nickels of which their husbands know
nothing. Many a wife whose husband is disabled
by sickness or some other unforeseen misfortune
keeps the wolf from the door by these snug sav-
ings accounts which put food into their mouths
and fire into the house until he is able to re-
sume his work again.

Savings Bank a Blessing.

There is no doubt but that the savings bank
is one of the greatest blessings of the great cities.
If a client of Mrs. Frost comes to draw out her
■entire accumulation, she is persuaded to let the
account remain, unless some good reason for
withdrawal appears. Advice is given her and un-
less it is a case of utmost necessity she is gen-
•erally made to understand that it does not pay
to draw out the money for some trifling emer-
gency. Thus by having the confidence of many
women, who have faith in her ability and judg-
ment, very often the hard-earned savings are
■saved and in many cases grow into a little for-
tune to buy a home or make a profitable invest-
ment.

The heart-to-heart talks and the pleasant way
in which the clients are offered advice, in these
"establishments, bring many women to their sanc-
tums upon each shopping excursion. Some of

them come in for a few moments, when there is
really no business to transact, just to have a
short chat. These are the women who have come
to regard their financial agents as guardian
angels. They burst forth into confidential stories
when the desk is reached and tell all about some
little domestic trouble, which has been righted
through the advice of one of these guides and
teachers.

In business affairs it appears women would
rather deal with a woman than a man. This is
demonstrated by the crowds of women who flock
to them, and on Saturday morning there is always
a phalanx of shoppers, waiting patiently in a
row, until their turn comes. Miss Kennett knows
seven out of every ten of them by name, and
greets them with a smile.

Working Girls Are Aided.

Many a poor working girl, who manages to
stow away a few dollars from her small salary,
comes to these offices, and if she be friendless
she may get advice. There is no distinction made
between poor and rich.

"I am confronted each day with dozens of
different questions by my clients, ' ' said Mrs. Laflin.
"A great many of the women who come to me
ask my advice in regard to their household and
domestic affairs, as well as to their financial mat-
ters. I know most every woman personally as a
friend who carries a savings account in the Mis-
souri-Lincoln. There are many piteous things
told me in the course of a day's duty. I also have
a great many fashionable women of the city who
have me to look after money matters. It is gen-
erally just because they do not want to go to the
trouble of making out deposit slips that they
come, though, and I am always glad to help them
all I can."

Mrs. Laflin is a thorough business woman. You
would know it the moment you stepped into her
sumptuous office. If you heard her talk you
would fathom the secret why timid women who
have worries which need a consoler pay her a
visit at each opportunity.

These offices are the brightest spot in this
great sea of business. They are quiet nooks which
the clatter of the great wheels of finance seldom
reach — spots in which the weary visitors feel
just as much at home as if Mrs. Laflin was call-
ing on them in their own houses.

Says Miss Kennett at the Mercantile: "Lots
of the women when they come into the Mercantile
to make their first deposit toil away for a half
hour in vain endeavors to get thing's straight.
All of the employees are instructed to direct
women depositors to the women's department,
but it is not always done. If the woman finally
manages to get her papers into what she thinks
proper shape, she is awakened to her ignorance
by the teller, and then you should see how her
face brightens up when she sees that we really
do take an interest in her and see that her money
is put away all right.

"I have had women who were shabby in ap-

692

THE PANDEX

pearance deposit as high as a hundred dollars
under my supervision. One day a woman very
poorly clad rushed into the office all in a fright.
She sat nervously by while I was preparing the
deposit of another client, and at the very mo-
ment when I was at leisure she rushed forward
and blurted out that she wanted to draw out
every cent she had. It amounted, I think, to about
$8. After the custom, I asked her why she acted
so nervous dbout it, and why she wanted to get
her money.

" 'Ah,' she cried, 'I have heard all about ye.
I read in the paper that the trusts will be broke
up before long, and I wanted to get out my money
and put it in a bank, so I won't lose it.' I ex-
plained to her, and now she is one of our most
frequent patrons."

LISTENS TO ALL THE CRIME

Telephone Girl in Chicago Who Has the Police
and Fire Switchboard.

That woman, in her new participation in
social activities, is not to be spared the un-
pleasant features is well illustrated in the
following from the Chicago Tribune:

Chicago's most exciting position is held by a
pretty young woman, who, day in and day out,
hears the worst details of a great city's wicked-
ness. Every moment, for hours at a time, she
virtually has her finger on the pulse of turbulent
Chicago, watching by flashing electric lights the
ebb and flow of the city's unruliness.

"Main 13" is the nucleus around which cen-
ters, at a great red and black switchboard of the
Chicago Telephone Company, all the secret in-
telligence of Chicago's crime. History of dark
doings is told there hour by hour to a clear-
eyed little woman in a shirt waist.

The young woman is Miss Gertrude Richter.
884 Armitage Avenue. For six years she has held
this thrilling post at the "Main 13" switchboard.
A quarter of a million calls for police aid have
been dexterously handled and supervised by Miss
Richter.

The plummet line of the telephone has reached
down to the dregs of Chicago's wickedness. It
has been caught in those whirlpools of civiliza-
tion which carry the fates of the miserably poor
and the opulently rich alike.

Rich and Poor Call for Help.

"Chicago's poor are not the only ones who
clamor for police protection over the telephone,"
said Miss Richter, looking retrospectively back
over her experiences before the twinkling lights
of her switchboard.

"Yes, it would shock Chicago to know the
names of some of the men and women who have
hurled their stories of trouble and sent cries
of distress over this line. Many boulevard homes
have contributed to the burdens of these crowded
police wires."

"Doesn't constantly hearing of crime make you
afraid in the dark?" asked one of the operator's
friends.

"Oh, no, not any more," replied Miss Richter,
smiling. "When I first was sent to this board
it did. Nothing excites me now. You see, six
years of this sort of thing makes one hardened
to wickedness. When you hear every day the
details of fights and quarrels and all sorts of
terrible accidents, it's like most anything else.
You get used to it."

To look at Miss Richter, with her brown, wav-
ing hair and her smiling blue eyes, one hardly
would imagine that she is so important a cog in
the intricate machinery of Chicago justice.

First Murder Call Dreadful.

"I'll never forget my first murder call,
though," resumed Miss Richter. "It was a
dreadful thing and haunted me for a week. Some-
times everything turned red before me and I
hardly could keep track of my calls.

"My first murder was just an ordinary ease,
as I look at it now, but when the words, 'There's
a woman been cut all to pieces,' came over the
wire I almost fainted. I fairly could see the
whole scene, and the details, as they followed,
seemed to burn my brain."

Miss Richter declares she has passed the stage
where saloon fights, holdups, burglaries, and
minor affrays affect her. Her fellow workers say
she is blase. It takes a most exciting event to
cause the blood to run at a quickened pace in her
veins. Her own diagnosis of her "Condition is that
she is almost an automaton, sitting hour by hour
at her switchboard and doing what she can to
keep the police Ijne clear for business.

The only times Miss Richter will confess to an
interest in the fates of messages she is directing
with skillful hand are those in which women are
concerned. A distracted mother, seeking a lost
child, on one end of the wire, and a calloused
policeman at the other, the young woman says,
presents one of the few situations which call
forth her sympathy and interest.

Some of the calls that come over the wire are
pathetic and the few words excitedly thrown over
the telephone line throw light on situations that
show the loads of misery under which some peo-
ple are existing.

Mother Wants Burial for Baby.

One call came in last year, during the bitterest
cold of the winter, asking for assistance from
the police. The woman's voice seemed full of
tears over the line and asked that a policeman
be sent to a certain west side address to get the
body of her baby who had died from- the effects
of the severe cold.

"I have no money," came the voice, "or I
would not ask you to help me. I called up on
this line because it says in the front of the di-
rectory that this call is free and that I would get
help right away.

THE P AND EX

693

-f V-i

.4.:...:..:^-f

DESIGN FOR INDUSTRIAL SHOW POSTER, REPRESENTING THE TRAGIC CIRCUM-
STANCES UNDER WHICH A LIVELIHOOD IS EARNED.

(Drawn by L. D. Bradley and exhibited in the sweated industries department of the in-
dustrial exposition at Brooke's Casino, in Chicago). — Chicago News.

694

THE PANDEX

"My baby just died and I did not know what
to do with the body. I don't know what I will
do with it, but I want to bury it some way, and
thought I would have to ask your permission."

Another call came in, only a few months ago,
in which a frantic mother was calling the police
to her home out on the south side. Piano movers
had been endeavoring to raise a piano to the
second floor and a rope had broken, allowing
the piano to fall upon a little child of three
years. The child was killed instantly.

Miss Richter confessed that the story of this
accident came to her so vividly from the lips of
the agonized mother that it lingered with her
for days and threatened for a time to make it
impossible for her to carry on her work.

Faints at Hearing Revolver Shot.

Only once, in all her experience, has Miss Rich-
ter's hold on her senses been released. That
was five years ago, when a man despondent be-
cause of separation from his wife, called for the
police, and, telling them where they would find
his body, shot himself through the head.

With the bang of the revolver in her receiving
hood, the rattle of the suicide's revolver as it fell
from his lifeless hand, and the crash of his falling
body, Miss Richter, with a moan, fell forward in
a faint, her head resting on the broad mahogany
shelf of her switchboard. When she was re-
vived she was sent home in a carriage and given
a month to rest before resuming her duties.

As against the dismal things of Miss Richter 's
daily life, there come sharp contrasts of humor.
Women play star parts in the little dramas that
scatter brightness along the pathway of the police
telephone girl.

Amusing Appeals From Women.

Here are some of the odd things that have hap-
pened :

A woman, well known to Chicago's smart set,
called up at 11 o'clock one night and asked for
a policeman from the Chicago Avenue station, to
protect her during her trip to her home on the
south side, mentioning that her husband did not
approve of woman's clubs. She got her guard.

Another woman called up and asked that a
policeman be sent right away to her home. When
asked what the trouble was, she said :

"Oh, there's no trouble. I just want some one
to watch the baby while I go to the grocery."
She didn't get hers.

An excited call from a Lake Shore Drive home
at midnight resulted in the discovery by the in-
vestigating policeman that the alarm had been
caused by the noisy courtship of a brother officer
and a maid in the household.

Aroused by Willie's Murder.

A west side woman, every morning at 9 o'clock
for two months, called up and demanded that
the police take strong measures in an endeavor
to find her lost parrot, which had escaped while
taking its morning sun bath.

"Willie has been murdered! Help! Help!"

came over the line late one afternoon. The line
was put in quick connection with police head-
quarters and all care was taken in keeping the
line cleai-. The voice calling was hysterical. The
words tumbling over the wire became almost
shrieks ! A terrible crime had been committed !
Even the police sergeant at the other end felt
that he was on the verge of hearing of a horrible
outrage. He endeavored to get the matter
straightened out.

"What is the matter? Tell me. I am a police-
man," he shouted.

' ' Oh, my Willie ! My Willie is dead ! ' ' shrieked
the voice. "To think that I raised him from a
kitten and then to " the wire was closed.

WHERE WOMEN ARE THE TOWN

Girl Workers Far Outnumber and Outclass the
Men in Troy, New York.

Where women rise to the majority in a
community to such an extent as virtually to
dominate local conditions, the following, per-
haps, is a fair instance of what is to follow.
The story is from the Philadelphia North
American :

Having found himself on the main business
street of Troy, New York, at the noon hour one
day recently, a stranger hunted up a policeman
— there are few policemen in Troy, for a reason
which will presently appear — and asked :

"What convention is meeting here? Is it the
National Association of Co-Eds?"

"No; no convention at all, that I know of.
Why?"

An excited sweep of the visitor's arm up and
down the street. Then :

"But the girls! Where did they come from?
Why, it must have rained girls here last night !
There seem to be thousands of them in sight !
Gracious, man ! Have you nothing but women
in this city?"

"Oh, yes, a few others" — and the bluecoat
smiled broadly — "but the minority of males in
our population don't keep us policemen very
busy, for, you see, this is a woman's town, and
the men have to behave."

Troy might well be termed the woman's city.
Of its 76,000 inhabitants, by far the majority are
females. Not only that, but its industrial life
is composed of women, for they form over 60
per cent of the wage earners. The wages paid
to the women workers exceed those paid to men.
Troy's payroll for regularly employed women
workers shows a disbursement of over $4,000,000
a year.

Balls, entertainments and public functions are
supported by the women ; theater audiences are
composed principally of women; women pre-
dominate everywhere. It is, perhaps the only
city in the world where the order of man's rule-

THE PANDEX

695

BRIDGE.

-New York World.

696

THE PANDEX

is reversed in nearly all except political suffrage
and office-holding.

In no other city in the world, so far as known,
do women earn higher wages than men. That
they do in Troy was brought out some time ago
when a comparison was made.

It was found that a great proportion of Troy's
working girls were making $15 to $25 a week,
while the average wages paid to men — they are
employed for only heavy labor and running ma-
chinery about the factories and laundries — were
but $10 to $12 a week.

But Troy is a woman's city in other ways —
in every way. Not the city of the matron, either,
but of the independent bachelor woman.

Noonday in Troy is a good time to observe the
extent of feminine predominance. Look which
way you will, it is girls, girls, girls. Shops, of-
fices and stores contribute to the throng, but most
of them come from the collar factories and the
laundries which every week do up the boiled
shirts and cuffs and collars for the half of New
York State.

Yes, and some of them come from tlie drawing
rooms and parlors of the elite. But you'd never
know the difference in dress, personal beauty or
deportment.

A woman's city, but more especially a working
woman's city, is Troy. The number of women
actually employed at gainful occupations in the
city is estimated at 14,666.

An estimate of the number of men employed is
8700, or 5966 less than women.

Of the male wage earners probably not more
than half are employed in the regular indus-
tries; the others work about the hotels, in the
restaurants (it is a strange thing to see so many
male waiters serving food to the girls, who oc-
cupy practically all the tables), about the livery
stables, the railroad station, or in building and
common laboring operations.

Pretty and Clean.

In other words, if the industries which are
operated almost exclusively by female labor were
to be eliminated there would be no Troy, at least
not the Troy which has been famed the country
over as the Collar City, but which might more
aptly be termed the Woman 's City.

Perhaps one statement that has been made — •
that in regard to the personal appearance of the
Troy working women — should be elaborated at
this point, lest the charge of exaggeration, be
made.

To repeat, then, these women are so well
dressed and bear themselves with such grace and
evidence of good breeding that on the streets
they could not be singled out from the daughters
of wealth and fashion. Naturally, this will be
questioned. For, you say, how can a woman go
to work in her fineries, bedecked with jewelry as
if on her way to church?

In Troy it is possible because the work done by
the women is eminently clean. What is there to

soil the hands or clothes in the collar factory,
where the raw material handled is nothing but
clean, white linen and thread just as spotless?
And, as to the machinery — well, that's the men's
work. (They don't go to work clad in their Sun-
day best.)

In the laundries, of course, the work isn't quite
so cleanly; but this doesn't prevent the girls from
arranging their toilets carefully before leaving
work, and deft touches in the donning of street
costume obliterate the evidences of toil.

The dress of the girls as they go to or from
the factories amazes the visitor. It is rather
the rule than the exception to see them clad in
silks, satins, expensive furs, Paris hats, and the
neatest and best gloves and shoes.

So noticeable is this that the unthinking some-
times refer to it as extravagance. It is not. It
is simply an evidence of a high grade of intelli-
gence.

These girls know that their moral tenor and
their social standing are improved by neat ap-
pearance on the streets, whether going to work
or out for a promenade ; and, as to the expensive-
ness of their dress, they consider it false economy
to buy anything cheap. Besides, they pay
promptly for what they buy, so why shouldn't
they suit themselves?

The obvious result is that at no time does the
working girl feel that she is off duty as to
etiquette. She carries her confidence and self-
respect with her to her machine. She need not be
ashamed to meet her most exclusive friend on
the street. And even while at work she is made
cheerful by the air of refinement about herself
and her fellow workers.

Fashionably attired, displaying costly jewelry,
working girls by the thousands may be seen on
the streets any fine night. At first thought this
might seem improper, but it must be considered
that the rules of propriety which obtain at a
young woman's seminary may not be applied
here.

These girls are penned up in factories- — well
ventilated and comfortable factories, to be sure,
but still offering no opportunity for exercise in
the open air — for nine to ten hours each day, and
their only chances to get that outdoor exercise so
essential to health is at night.

They walk by pairs or in groups, chatting,
laughing, recuperating for the morrow's work.
They frequent the well-lighted business streets,
principally.

The police and clergj'men of Troy will, almost
invariably, tell you that these night strolls are
entirely free from objectionable features. Re-
fined in manner, these girls give scant attention
to "mashers."

Fairly well educated is the average "collar
girl." Some are high school graduates, but the
typical one has finished only a grammar .school
education before starting to earn a livelihood.
But a small percentage of them are natives of
the city where they work. Most of them are
drawn from a radius of about fifty miles from

THE P AND EX

697

Troy — usually from the smaller towns. They
are girls whose parents could not afford to give
them the advantage of higher education; they did
not care to go to work in any one's kitchen, and
chose this means of working for a living, offer-
ing, as it did, better than living wages, and in-
dependence.

This leads to the question of marriage. Oh, .
yes, they do marry at times, for they are women.
But they do not marry indiscriminately, as do
many women elsewhere.

There is hardly one of them who has not re-
jected several proposals of marriage. The collar
girl makes it a practice to look well over the
man who seeks her hand, to study his prospects,
his family, his past record,- his propensity for
work. It is common enough to hear a Troy girl
say: "I jilted him because I prefer to keep on
supporting myself rather than undertake to sup-
port two." Those who say they have no inten-
tion of marrying are by far in the majority.

And those who do marry? Usually they do
very well, much better than the average working
girl elsewhere.

Several factory girls have become mistresses
of mansions in Troy. A former laundry girl is
the wife of one of the principal laundry owners,
a very wealthy man. His society friends in Troy
say that he displayed commendable judgment and
independence in marrying the girl of his choice.

and they associate with her on perfect equality.

Another girl who was what is commonly known
as a "hello girl" in a Troy telephone exchange
is the wife of a local millionaire.

A young woman who was employed as a stitcher
in a collar factory married one of the partners
in the business, and is now a leader in local so-
ciety.

Remarkable as these incidents are, they are
almost equaled by many others in which law-
yers, physicians, dentists and successful business
men have married collar girls.

Assuredly, these women have charms. Other-
wise marriageable men of Troy could easily find
life partners by going to the surrounding towns.
As a matter of fact, it is remarked by all visitors
to Troy that the collar girls are exceptionally at-
tractive as a class.

They have their own social life, differing from
that in other cities mainly in that men are a
negligible quantity, and all the arrangements are
made and the bills paid by the women.

Some time ago the women of some factories
and laundries arranged an entertainment and
dance, which was attended by some 4000 girls
and only 500 men. Each girl contributed $1,
which entitled her to bring a friend. Some men
received as high as forty invitations, not, per-
haps, so much on account of their great popu-
larity as of the dearth of men in the city.

THE MAKING OF A MAN

ROUGH SPORTS MAKE BRAVE MEN— THE ROOSEVELT DOCTRINE

Come. Mother, get the baby fnt

And take him to the gym.
Where I may have a little bout

At fisticuffs with him.
I'll stand him on his pinky toes

And start him with a whack
Upon his stubby little nose.

And turn his blue eyes black —

For I've resolved that he shall be

As nervy as a Celt,
And so shall try the recipe
Of Mister Roosevelt.

When at the gym I've got him tanned

We'll give our baby boy
To Tommy and his Robber Band

To play with as a toy.
A game or two of snap-the-whip,

With baby as the snap.
Should start him better on life's trip
Than sitting on your lap.

And I will rear no mollycod
With spine as limp as felt !
I vow I shall not spare the rod
And spoil a Roosevelt!

When Tommy and his Pirate Crew

Have trained him for a bit,
I have a scheme, 'twixt me and you.

I think will make a hit.
I'll make the children play San Juan,

With Spaniards for to kill.
And when they start their quest upon
Let baby be the hill!

When they've run up him once or twice

And mimic warfare smelt,
I think he'll prove a hero nice
Enough for Roosevelt.

Meanwhile, when he doth cry at night.

Don't pet him as of yore,
But with your stern, maternal right

Project him to the floor;
And should he wish a fairy tale,

Which foolishness doth teach.
Just seat him on some cold fence rail
And read him Teddy's speech.

If through all this the baby grows,

Anl saves his mortal pelt.
He'll be as great as — well, who knows?
As Mister Roosevelt.

— From the New York Times.

698

THE P A N D E X

MAKING HIS WILL.

-Philadelphia North American.

SQUARING WITH DESTINY

•T"* HE cry against "tainted money" to the
■*■ contrary notwithstanding, rich men
continue to make donations to public institu-
tions and philanthropic causes, and the latter
continue to accept and profit by the gener-
osity. Some of the recipients take the at-
titude set forth by General Booth, as quoted
in last month's Pandex, when the distin-
guished Salvation Army leader declared that
he would take the money and purify it by
putting it to good use. Others take the at-

titude that the money is needed by them and
that this is sufficient justification. Appar-
ently the process of accumulating fortunes
to the maximum of possibility and then of
giving it away in the promotion of phases
of the social organization which its owners
deem best is not likely to receive cheek or
pause. It amounts, as it were, to a sort of
squaring with destiny, a palliating of a man 's
conscience by turning the acquisitions of his
selfishness into the uses suggested by his
public spirit.

THE PANDEX

699

HOW

This is the name of my boolc, which I have written for minins stock buyers. It points the
way to success in mining investments. It gives you my views, based upon years of study and
experience. 1 want you to have this book, if you are a reader of THE PANDEX OF THE
PRESS. I send it FREE on request. Write to me today sure. You do not know it all until
you have read 'HOW.*' Well, it costs you nothing, and I ask you to send me your name
and address today. .Address WM. M. BROYLES, 834 Commonwealth BIdg.. Denver, Colo.

MILLIONS FROM CARNEGIE

The Iron Master Gave Six Million Dollars More
to the Cause of Education.

The two men who have made themselves
most conspicuous by their donations are the
Steel King and the Oil King. Of the for-
mer's most notable single donation the Kan-
sas City Star had the following to say :

Pittsburg, Pa. — W. N. Frew, president of the
board of trustees of the Carnegie Institute, made
public a letter he received from Andrew Carnegie
announcing that Mr. Carnegie has made an en-
dowment of six million dollars to the institute.
This gift is in addition to the four million dollars
given by Mr. Carnegie some time ago.

Mr. Carnegie also establishes a pension fund
for the benefit of those connected with the in-
stitute. The gift to-day consists of five million
dollars of United States Steel Corporation 5 per
cent bonds and one million dollars in cash.

Following is a comparison of the gifts of Car-
negie and Rockefeller, not counting Mr. Car-
negie's last gift:

By Andrew Carnegie :

Educational $ 62,832,000

Libraries 35,000,000

Miscellaneous 35,500,000

Total . $133,352,000

By John D. Rockefeller:

Educational $75,326,000

Religious 5,000,000

Miscellaneous 4,045,000

Total $84,371,000

Carnegie benefactions in excess of Rocke-
feller's, $48,981,000.

Following are the world's greatest gifts to
education :

John D. Rockefeller to the General Education
Board, $32,000,000.

Andrew Carnegie to Pittsburg for a polytechnic
institute, $30,000,000.

John D. Rockefeller to Chicago University, $13,-
000,000.

John D. Rockefeller to the General Education
Board, $11,000,000.

Mrs. Leland Stanford to Leland Stanford Uni-
versity, $10,000,000.

Andrew Carnegie to pension old college pro-
fessors, $10,000,000.

Andrew Carnegie to Scotch Universities, $10,-
000,000.

It was announced February 8 that John D.
Rockefeller had given $32,000,000 to the General
Education Board. This gift is included in the
accompanying table.

OIL RICHES TO PUBLIC

Benefactions to Extent of $250,000,000 Reported
Provided for in His WiU.

Of the gifts of the Oil King the Chicago

Reeord-IIerald had the following forecast:

CHAS.KEILUS& CO
HIGH GRADE CLOTHIERS

No Branch Stores. No Agents.

WE'VE ADDED ANOTHER FLOOR TO OUR
EXCLUSIVE SHOP. HAD TO HAVE MORE
ROOM TO RE-HABILITATE IN DETAIL
OUR JUSTLY CELEBRATED DRESS
CLOTHES STUDIO. DISPENSING GOOD
CLOTHES AT CORRECT VALUES CRE-
ATES LEGITIMATE PROSPERITY.

We are out-and-out cIothier.s.
Men's clothes here — nothing
else. The class of clothes we
sell don't necessitate gift of-
ferings. Wfe "warrant solid,
sound values. While our
prices may appear higii,
they're consistent with quali-
ties— no guessing contest or
subterfuge here. We lot
"Lottery Clothiers" do that
stunt.

King Solomon's Hall

Fillmore St., near Sutter

San Francisco

700

THE PANDEX

New York. — According to a member of the
Young Men's Bible Class of the Fifth Avenue
Baptist Church, who is a personal friend of John
D. Rockefeller and in a position to know of his
affairs, the head of the Standard Oil Company
proposes soon to make a princely gift to the city
of New York.

This man, whose name for various reasons can
not be divulged, says the gift will be partly chari-
table and partly educational, but he does not care
to state at this time the exact nature of it. It
will amount to at least $50,000,000 and it will be
bestowed in a manner that will be of great and
lasting benefit to the residents of this city.

This man said recently that when Mr. Rocke-
feller was conferring with his son at Lakewood,
N. J., a fortnight ago, the meeting was not to
discuss any immediate gift, but was on the sub-
ject of Mr. Rockefeller's will which document the
oil king was then completing with the aid of his
son and his lawyers.

Will to Astonish World.

It is said that this document will astonish the
world when it is made public. It will, it is de-
clared, donate no less than $250,000,000 for chari-
table and educational purposes, and it will be
so bestowed that the benefit therefrom will almost
be perpetual. The bequests which Mr. Rocke-
feller makes in his will, it is declared, will do
more for the future of the country than any
art of statesmanship can do. The manner in
which these bequests will be bestowed is said
to be mainly educational and charitable. While
there are some contributions for religious pur-
poses, it is stated that Mr. Rockefeller does not
think it necessary to extend any great financial
aid to churches.

To his manner of thinking, the churches are
growing stronger and stronger, and there is no
danger that they will need any great financfial
assistance from one man. Mr. Rockefeller, how-
ever, is said to be much in favor of the growth
of education, and to the furtherance of this end
he has done much in his will. He believes that
education will make this country the greatest in
the world, and that every cent contributed toward
that object will help to make better cfitizens and
better Christians.

To Build Tenements.

As to the charitable bequests, it was said some
time ago that Mr. Rockefeller had in mind build-
ing model tenements for the poor, such as have
been erected in some European cities. Next to
education comes cleanliness, in his estimation,
and the man who can live in clean rooms, in a
clean neighborhood, with plenty of light and sun-
shine and pure water, will, in Mr. Rockefeller's
opinion, it is declared, become a good, upright
citizen.

In his will Mr. Rockefeller is said to hav« pro-
vided these three things :

Bequests for religious purposes, though not
of large sums.

Liberal bequests for education.

Princely bequests for charitable purposes.

It is said that there is scarcely a man, woman
or child in New York that will not be benefited
in some way by these prospective donations.

Mr. Rockefeller is still in Augusta, Ga., where
he is playing golf daily. He is reported to be
in splendid health and is expected back here this
week.

BEGINS BOYCOTT OF ROCKEFELLER

Standard Octopus Is Pilloried by Former Con-
gressman and Millionaire Oil Man.

Some of the protest against tainted money
is reflected in the follow excerpt from the
New York World:

Washington.— A boycott of the $43,000,000
education fund established by John D. Rocke-
feller, on the ground that the dollars are tainted,
was proposed by Thomas W. Phillips, millionaire
oil man and former congressman from Newcastle,
Pa. Mr. Phillips proposes that persons of ordi-
nary means shall notify all schools, colleges, and
churches that they will not contribute a cent if
any of those institutions solicit or accept any
of the Rockefeller dollai-s.

"The history of the Standard Oil Company,"
he says, "constitutes the darkest page of crime
ever written in the history of this country or of
the world."

Mr. Phillips has already notified one college of
which he is a trustee that if it accepts a dollar
of the Rockefeller fund he will resign and refuse
to make his customary annual donation, which is
of considerable size.

It Is a Bribe.

The Phillips idea is that Rockefeller, feeling
the need of apologists and eulogists, as well as
the creation of a party that shall act as a brake
upon popular disapproval of Standard methods,
has set about to bribe the teachers and thinkers.

Phillips believes that if the people of the
country will only realize that Rockefeller is try-
ing to bribe the colleges and thereby still the
voices of the thinking men they will withdraw
support from all institutions that accept money
from the trustees of the fund. He believes that
ev^ry dollar in the fund is so tainted that a
Christian may not handle one of them without
being infected. He places the Rockefeller dollars
in a class with those of Judas Iscariot and Simon
the Sorcerer. In his opinion they might be used
to buy the dead, "but not to corrupt the living."

WORK OF THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTION

Remarkable Practical Scope of the Endowment
Made by the Philanthropist.

A more extended survey of the value of the
gifts of the Steel King is afforded in the fol-
lowing from the Pittsburg Dispatch :

THE PANDEX

701

IN COMPOUNDING, an incomplete mixture was acci-'
dentally spilled on the back of the hand, and on washing
afterward il was discovered that ihc hair was completely
removed. We named the new discovery MODENE. It is
absolutely harmless, but works sure resulls. Apply for
a few minutes and the bail disapprars as if by magic. It
Cannot Fail. If the growth be light, one application
will remove it; the heavy growth, such as the beard or
growth on moles, may require two or more applications, and
without slightest injury or unpleasant feeling when applied
or ever afterward.

MoJene 3Up€rse{ies electrolysis.

Used by people of refinement, and recommended

by all who have tetted its merits

Modene sent by mail, in safety mailing cases (securely
sealed), on receipt of $1.00 per bottle. Send money by
letter, with your full address written plainly. PosUgc
stamps taken.

Local and General Agents Wanted.

MODENE MAM UrACTURING CO.

Dept. 539 Cincinnati, Ohio.

Every; BoWe Guaranteed

We offer $ 1 000 for Failure or the Slightest Injury

^^Wholesaie fit'Retail oM Fa-
Send for illustrated catalogue. 1808 Market St., San Francisco,
Cal.; 837 S. Spring St.. Los Angeles, Cal.

Tribune- Readins-Clevelamd

c^T^^^^^^^^^^^^^nF^

Reading Standard
Motor Cycles

Motor and Automo-
bile Repairing

Enameling and Japan-
ning. Aulo Tires
Vulcanized.

Full Line of Sundries

G. F. SALOMONSON, 1057 FRANKLIN ST., OAKLAND

PHONE MAIN 3001

Oregon ^s
Expert College

Experts in charge of all Departments

STENOGRAPHY

TELEGRAPHY

BOOKKEEPING

Imitation Typewritten Letters a Specialty

Write for full information

503 iCommon wealth Bldg. PORTLAND, ORE.

C. W. EVANS, C. M. E.

Gold and Copper Mines

and Mining Stocks

Bought and Sold

Dealer in OREGON INVESTMENT SECURITIES

Best References

Ashland,

Oregon

Safe Investments

^ The Bank of Highland Park is located

in the most beautiful and healthy suburb

in the City of Los Angeles.

^ Will make investments and guarantee

six per cent, payable quarterly.

^ Address Highland Park, Los Angeles,

Cal. ::::::

THE GERMAN SAVINGS & LOAN SOCIETY

526 California St., San Francisco, Cal.

Guaranteed Capital and Surplus
Capital actually paid up in cash
Deposits, June. 30, 1906 - - -

$ 2,552,719.61

1,000,000.00

38,476,520.22

F. TiUmann, Jr., President; Daniel Meyer, First Vice-President;
Emil Rolite. Second Vice-President; A. H. R. Schmidt. Cashier; Wra.
Herrmann, Asst. Cashier; Gesrge Tourny. Secretary; A. H. Muller,
Asst. Secretary; CeodfeUcw A Eells. General Attorneys.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS:

F. Tillmann. Jr.. Daniel Meyer. Emil Rolite. Ign. Steinhart. I. N.
Walter. N. Ohlandt. J. W. Van BetEen. E. T. Knise. W. S. Goodfellow.

Please mention The Pandex vrhen writing; to AdTertlsers.

702

THE PANDBX

Five years of patient delving into Nature's
secrets; $3,500,000 of money expended — such is
the record, to date, of the Carnegie Institution,
of Washington.

Five years more of unremitting toil and an-
other $3,500,000 to be spent — this is the expec-

$700,000 a year — this year's appropriation
amounts to $661,000. It is the income from an
endowment fund set apart for the purpose by
Andrew Carnegie.

What good may come of it all? That question
is answered best by showing che lines of re-

NOT IN LINE.

— St. Louis Republic.

tation before the greatest results aimed at will
accrue to humanity from the work.

Earnestly applying themselves to the task of
fathoming the mysteries of ages, of unlocking
the doors that guard Dame Nature's choicest
secrets, are four hundred expert men of science,
to assist whom one hundred institutions of learn-
ing are lending their equipment and all possible
aid.

To this remarkable work is devoted nearly

search along which the scientists are plodding and
revealing the progress already made.

No more extraordinary series of investigations
for the benefit of health, commerce, science, and
art were ever undertaken, and it is expected that
mankind will profit to a vastly greater extent
than is even indicated by the $7,000,000 cost of
the great research.

"When we began this work we stated that
it would take us ten years to show great results,"

THE PANDEX

703

CLASSIFIED
ADVERTISEMENTS

"INVESTING FOR PROFIT" is worth $10 a copy
to any man who intends to invest any money,
however small, who has money invested unproflt-
ably. and hasn't learned the art of investing for
profit. It demonstrates the Real earning power of
money, the knowledge bankers hide from the
masses; reveals the enormous profits bankers make,
and shows how to make the same profits; explains
HOW stupendous fortunes are made and WHY
they are made; how $1,000 grows to $22,000. To
introduce my magazine, write me NOW, and I'll
send it SIX MONTHS FREE. Editor Gregory, 421-
77 Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, Illinois.

HOMELINESS MADE BEAUTIFUL,.
Adorns all It Touches! Saint or Sinner, Young or
Old, Rich or Poor — the Whole World — bows to the
Branty generated, developed, enhanced, and per-
petuated, by use of Derma-Clarine (trade-mark).
Imparts, regains, and retains the complexion of
Youth. The rosy brilliancy and oval grace of
"Sweet and Twenty." By mail, $1. To be had only
of "Slempre Joven," 109 Court St., Newark, N. J.
Mention Pandex.

VI.WI OFFICE LADY

For Colorado, Wyoming or New Mexico. Can earn
$30 weekly. Send 15 cents postage for 600-page
book of special Interest. Address

DR. E. J. REINHARDT, 807 MACK BLOCK,
Denver, Colorado.

l,00O POST CARDS MADE TO ORDER

From any photo or print with your imprint on.
each as publisher for $6.00; 500, $4.00. Workman-
ship guaranteed. Goods delivered within 10 days.
Rich Photo Process Co., Dept. 20. 28 East 23rd St.,
New York.

FOR SALB.

BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES.

IP YOU want a business that will pay several
thousand dollars annually, start a mall order busi-
ness; by our easy method anyone anywhere can
be successful. Catalogue and particulars free.
MILBURN HICKS, 747 Pontlac Bldg., Chicago.

MORE MONEY, LESS TALKING — Steadier work,
bigger field, handling our new Inventions, than any
other line. Needed in every home. Agents, you
can't beat this. Selwell Co., 98 W. Jackson B., Chi-
cago, 111.

SONG WRITING.

RAG CARPET WEAVING, Rag Carpet Chenille.
Wove Rugs and Silk Rag Portiers woven to order.
Also handsome Fluff Rugs made from your old car-
pets. Send for particulars. GEO. MATTHEW, 709
Fifth St, Oakland, Cal

CALIFORNIA REAL ESTATE.

WE OFFER the following carefully selected list
of farms, in different sections of California, for
sale. Now is the time to buy a home in this Golden
State. All the conditions for farming are favor-
able here. The soil, the climate, the transportation
facilities, and the market for farm products are
unexcelled in any state in the Union. The country
is growing rapidly. Steam and electric railways
are being built In many parts of the State and
prices are sure to advance. Read this list care-
fully. Many of these places are for sale on easy
terms. This is YOUR opportunity to get a farm
in California. Take advantage of it NOW.

If you do not see a place In this list that inter-
ests you, write us a description of what you desire,
the number of acres, the amount of money you
wish to Invest, and for what purpose you wish the
place, and we will submit what we think will
meet your requirements. We have a thorough
knowledge of the State and will be pleased to give
reliable information upon request.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street, San Francisco, California.

ALAMEDA COUNTY.

98500 — 160 ACRES, 1 mile from Pleasanton, all
rolling; every foot is tillable; nice house, 2 fine
barns, several outbuildings, 2 good wells; place all
fenced and cross-fenced; 3 horses, wagons, all nec-
essary farming implements go with place. Last
season $3000 worth of hay was sold from place.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street, San Francisco, California.

$5S00 — 17 ACRES 2 miles from Haywards;
6-room house, good barn, chicken house, well, and
running creek; 10 acres in fruit, also grapes; horse,
wagon, buggy, farming tools, incubators, brooders,
and fruit boxes. Will ex. for Berkeley property.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street, San Francisco, California.

$80 per acre — 148 .\CRES, 3 miles from thriving
town in Alameda County; all rolling land; 5-room
house, good outbuildings; living stream the year
round; fine water; 600 gum trees, which if cut
would bring about $2000. Hay averages 3 tons per
acre. This is an exceptionally good place as there
is no waste land.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street, San Francisco, California.

93.300 — 14 ACRES, 2^ miles from Haywards; roll-
ing land; good house and barn, windmill, and tank;
2 acres in orchard, mostly apricots, the rest in
grain; plenty of wood on the place; a creek runs
through the place (never dry), also a living spring.
This is an ideal place for chickens.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street, San Francisco, California.

•2800 — 143 ACRES, near Livermore; rolling; 40
acres in cultivation; 4-room house, good barn. 2
chicken houses; wire fence; 2 wells and 3 springs
on place; family orchard; 100 acres in pasture
40 in grain; enough timber for family use; all
tools, haypress, mowing machine, etc., go with
place; good stock ranch.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co..
961 Fillmore Street, San Francisco, California.

CONTRA COSTA COUNTV.

yeooo — 180 ACRES, 1 mile west of Danville; 50

Pleaa* mestlea Tfc« Pandex when irrltlns to AdTertlsera.

704

THE P A N D E X

SPEAKING OF CHILD LABOR.

— Pittsburg Gazette-Times

said Dr. Robert S. Woodward, president of the
Carnegie Institution, sitting in his office in Wash-
ington, from which place he directs the varied
work of the investigators.

"Discoveries must be proven, must stand the
test of time. But we have done much, and the
future is full of promise.

"If you examine closely, look deeply into our
work, you will see that it has vital human inter-
est, enduring commercial value that can not be
estimated.

' ' Every new scientific fact
has a monetary worth; every
new law of nature can be
beneficially applied by man.

' ' Whether it be some un-
known fact in connection
with the stars or planets ; the
dwellers in the sea; the min-
erals of t he earth ; plant or
animal life — what matters
it 1 All have a bearing on
the lives, the work of men."

Commercial interests, nat-
urally, are interested deeply
in the researches of Dr. A. L.
Day, one of the Carnegie in-
vestigators. Dr. Day, for one
thing, lias worked out the
formula for a pure quartz
glass, something which has
been wanted and aimed at
for years.

Already commercial con-
cerns have taken up Dr.
Day's new process and are
applying it to the ever-
enlarging demands of trade.
Here, then, is one achieve-
ment to the credit of the Car-
negie Institution.

But vastly more important
to the business world is an-
other secret which Dr. Day
is wresting from nature. This
is how to make Portland ce-
ment.

Every one knows that this
substance is fast taking the
place of steel and iron in the
building field and elsewhere,
but no one knows exactly
what it is. Recent discov-
eries have shown that all pre-
viously accepted views were
erroneous.

Beyond doubt the for-
mula for this cement will
have great commercial value. It will revolution-
ize building to a greater extent than did tlie
coming of the steel-frame structure.

Absolutely fireproof buildings will be a reality
instead of, to a greater or less extent, a dream ;
the increasing scarcity of lumber will no longer
be a menace of such threatening aspect; the
forests of the land may once more be allowed to
flourish in their primeval glory and the devas-
tating ring of the woodsman 's ax may be hushed.
So much importance is placed upon these in-

THE PANDEX

705

CLASSIFIED— Continued.

acres cultivated to hay and grain ; 20 acres in or-
ciiard; well watered by springs; house of 4 rooms,
barn, etc.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co..
961 Fillmore Street, San Francisco, California.

FRESNO COUNTY.
9fei per Acre — 320 ACRES; 120 acres in alfalfa,
balance in barley; 4-room house, barn 64x48x24,
capacity. 98 tons; hog-tight woven fence; plenty
water; water riglit complete.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street, San Francisco, California.

•3S00 — 40 ACRES, 7 miles west of Fresno; suit-
able for small dairy; water right from Church
Ditch; all in alfalfa; no buildings.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street, San Francisco, California.

$S per Acre — -160 ACRES level land, all in culti-
vation; no buildings; soil 40 to 50 feet deep.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street, San Francisco, California.

HUMBOLDT COUNTY.
$15 per Acre — 89 ACRES, in Humboldt County;
good house, chicken house, and bee house; IJ acres
fenced to farm, 25 acres fenced for pasture, balance
oak and flr trees.

(Two 40-acre lots; one of the lots has field and
garden fenced in, the balance is in pasture.)
Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street, San Francisco, California.

KINGS COUNTY.

94000 — 40 ACRES in rich land, 2hi miles south-
east of Hanford; no alkali; irrigating ditch runs
through place; no improvements; fenced.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street, San Francisco, California.

lake: COUNTY.

V3000 — 160 ACRES 8 miles from MIddletown,
which is the nearest town, 1% miles from Langtry
Ranch. Small 2-room house, barn, 2 large water
tanks; orchard of 45 acres, all fenced; all level on
table mountain on Putah Creek; mostly In olives,
figs, prune."), and peaches.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street, San Francisco, California.

$2000 — 16 ACRES all level land near Kelseyvllle;
125 bearing trees, mixed fruit; all Al garden land;
good windmill; frame; 2 wells, good water; neither
house nor barn of much value; this land raises fine
potatoes without irrigation; a large creek passes
place.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,

961 Fillmore Street, San Francisco, California.

NAPA COUNTY.

(7000 — DAIRY RANCH of 560 acres, 1 Mi miles
from Napa; 100 acres in plow and fenced In 10
fields; 7-room house, barn, plemy of wood ana
water.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street, San Francisco, California.

$2800 — 6-ACRE chicken ranch near Napa; fully
equipped for poultry; about 300 laying hens; 900
young chickens; house and barn, windmill and
tank, brooder-house and incubator, all complete; 1
horse and market wagon, and household furniture.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

$2000 — 20 ACRES 3 miles from Napa; 5 acres in
fruit. 5 in hay, balance In pasture; plenty of wood;
fine water; nice 5-room house, barn, other out-
buildings; school % mile; fine place for chickens.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street, San Francisco, California.

$5000 — 27 ACRES 2 miles from Napa; growing
land all fenced and cross-fenced; new 6-room house,
new barn; 2 good horses and harness, wagon, and
buggy; 2 cows, and a lot of chickens; furniture and
farming implements; 15 acres g >oa land, balance
grazing land.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

$2700 — 27 ACRES, 8 miles from Napa; all fine
land for fruit or vines; no house; new barn; small.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

$2000 — 75 ACRES, 8 miles from Napa; good house
and barn; 200 fine fruit trees, cherries, peaches, and
apricots; some fine vegetable land; fine spring wa-
ter piped to house; rolling land for grazing.
Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

$7000 — 17 ACRES, 3 miles from Napa: new B-room
cottage and bath, pantry, barn, well, windmill,
tank, chicken-houses; 12 acres in vineyard; family
orchard; orange trees, blackberries, strawberries,
loganberries; soil good.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

$8000 — 23 ACRES, 3 miles from Napa; 16 acres
in vineyard, family orchard, oranges and lemons;
6-room house, hard-finished; barn; well, windmill,
and tank; 1 horse, 1 cow, wagon, buggy, chicken*.
all farming tools.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
9(1 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

$11,000 — 33 ACRES, on the electric road; near
Napa; vegetable land; 9-room house, bath, all hard-
finished; barn, well; windmill and tank.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

$7000 — DAIRY RANCH of 560 acreB, 1% miles
from Napa; 100 acres in plow and fenced in 10
fields; 7-room house, barn, plenty wood and water.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

$2000 — 20 ACRES 3 miles from Napa; 5 acres in
fruit; 5 in hay, balance in pasture; plenty wood;
fine water; nice 5-room house, barn, otlier out-
buildings; school % mile; fine place for chickens.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

$12,000 — 153'/4 ACRES 13 miles from Napa; 5
miles to R. R. station; 8-room house, ceiled, barn
35x45 with stable for 4 horses; chicken-houses,
hog-pens, carriage, granary; barbed-wire hog-tight
fence; water from never-failing spring; 30 acres
in fruit, 6 In grapes, 83% in timber; 6000 cords
wood on place; hay enough In barn for stock; all
farming Implements; house partly furnished;
chickens, 2 horses, 2 heifers, 2 brood sows, 8 pigs,
and all apparatus for making wine go with place.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco. California.

PLACER COUNTY.

$3000 — 20-ACRE fruit ranch 2 1-3 miles from

Penryn; 10 acres are in peaches. 3 in plums. 2'A

prunes, 2^ grapes, figs, pears, etc; 2 acres house,

I road, barn yard, etc.; land rolling; soil fertile; entire

I ranch under Bear River Irrigation Ditch; house of

1 7 rooms, bath, and wood-shed; large cellar; high

attic with space for more rooms; running water

i arranged to be piped to house; terms.

I Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,

; 961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

; SANTA CRUZ COUNTY.

I $3000 — 10 ACRES with good Improvements, 2

miles from town, near sea; electric car line and

I station on Southern Pacific; 2 large barns, good

1 house, windmill and tank; orchard; fine for

chickens.

« Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,

961 Fillmore Street, San Francisco, California.

$3300 — lo ACRES, % acre In strawberries; 7-room
plastered house; 2 barns, 2 chicken-houses, 2 brood-
ers, 2 horses. 2 cows, 2 heifers, surrey, buggy, and
wagon; all farming tools; 7 acres level land, fine
creek water and piped; 3 miles from town.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillm'jre Street. San Francisco, California.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

$3700 — 56 ACRES. 7-room house, plenty of timber
and water; 100 fruit trees, good road, 5 miles from
town.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

706

THE PANDEX

vestigations of Dr. Day that the authorities of
the institution are spending $150,000 in building
him a laboratory where he may prosecute work
along this and other lines promising great re-
sults to the commercial world.

While scientists like Dr. Day are laboring in
their laboratories for the benefit of this and
coming generations, other earnest workers are
plodding over the arid plains of Arizona, study-
ing desert vegetable life.

"In sections of Arizona there are pine for-
ests," said Dr. Woodward. "We are now work-
ing on the reforestation with pine or some other
variety of tree, of the vast arid plains. We would
develop new plant life adapted to this region.

"Think of the reclamation of this immense
territory, the great wealth it would bring to our
country! Our observation stations run from the
plains to lofty heights on surrounding moun-
tains; we study soil, moisture, precipitation, soil
formation, temperatures of air and soil — all
things, in fact, that enter into vegetable life."

Should the investigations made possible by the
millions of the steel king result in transfoi-ming
this vast desert into a land of plenty, capable of
sustaining or providing sustenance for a teeming
population, this one achievement would far more
than repay the cost of all the Carnegie Institu-
tion work.

•While one section of the army of scientists is
planning to make the desert bloom for the bene-
fit of man, another is busy exploring heavenly
space and endeavoring to learn more of the won-
ders of astronomy.

Great results are expected from the work of
the solar observatory on Mount Wilson, Cal.
Last year John D. Hooker, of Los Angeles, gave
$45,000 to meet the cost of a mirror of one hun-
dred inches' aperture and fifty feet focal length,
for a great non-reflecting telescope.

Such an instrument, which is now nearing
completion, will pennit the work of the observa-
tory to be greatly extended, as it will collect
about 2.7 times as much light as the sixty-inch
reflector now in use.

Scientists at Mount Wilson are working along
three converging lines in their study of other
worlds than ours. They are studying the sun
as a typical star; they are studying the stars and
nebulae, their relation to the sun and to ea*h
other, and, finally, are endeavoring to interpret
both solar and stellar phenomena by means of
carefully chosen laboratory experiments.

It sometimes happens that a certain star may
resemble the missing link of the naturalist; it
promises to unite an interesting but broken chain
of evidence, and yet is so faint that an adequate
analysis is impossible. Hence the value of the
splendid new telescope that will be erected on
Mount Wilson.

Even the waters of the sea and the lands under
them are receiving careful attention from the
Carnegie scientists.

The institution's ship, Galilee, has been sail-

ing the North Pacific from the American coast
to China, and next year it is hoped to give to
navigators an accurate, complete, and perfect
chart of the Pacific Ocean.

Progressive Americans talk a great deal of
extending our commerce to the Orient. Soon the
doors of Manchuria will be open and competition
with other world factors in commerce will be
sharp and aggressive. The highways of lesser
known seas must be surveyed and marked.

This chart will demonstrate the practical work-
ings of the institution by pointing out the safest,
quickest, surest way of reaching those ports
which will be the gateways for American com-
merce.

Are you a raiser of poultry? At any rate,
you consume eggs and enjoy having a plump fowl
on your table when you feel you can afford it.

At a cost of $21,000 a year, the Carnegie In-
stitution's Department of Experimental Evolu-
tions, at Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island, is
endeavoring to coax her henship to greater and
nearer continuous efforts in the egg-laying line,
Charles B. Davenport is directing this work.

Not only is the attempt being made, with flat-
tering promise of success to increase the egg
output, but it is believed that a pound or half
a pound, at least, will be added to the weight
of the capon, the broiler.

For a Year's Expenses.

All the research work of the institution is spe-
cial, and specially selected investigators direct it
along the selected lines. For each department
of investigation a special appropriation is made
from the $661,300 set aside for this year's ex-
penses.

Thus, to the Department of Experimental Evo-
lution, Charles B. Davenport, director, has been
allotted $21,000; to the Department of Marine
Biology, A. G. Mayer, director, $15,000; to the
Department of Botanical Research, D. T. McDon-
ald, director, $33,000.

Horticultural work is being conducted by
Luther Burbank at his California ranch with
the assistance of an appropriation of $10,000;
the Department of Economics and Sociology, Car-
roll D. Wright, director, has $30,000 ; the Depart-
ment of Terrestrial Magnetism, L. A. Bader,
director, $54,000; the Department of Historical
Research, J. F. Jameson, director, $14,000.

For solar observatory the sum of $150,000 has
been set aside; for the geophysical laboratory,
$85,000; for the Southern laboratory, $10,000;
for geophysical research, $20,000; for research
in nutrition, $16,500.

The minor grants, or grants to scientists work-
ing along some particular lines not included under
the department heads, aggregate $95,650. Most
of these grants are small, ranging from $300 for
a work on botany to $10,000 for a publication.

If each of the investigators were paid equally
no one could receive more than $1600 from the

THE PANDEX

■707

CLASSIFIED— Continued.

SANTA CLARA COUNTY. j

. TO I,KASE FOR A TERM OP YEARS — 240 ACRES 1
near Hascenda; a hill ranch partly covered with
pine, oak, and laurel; small house on place; fine
water; g-ood for hog ranch.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

fSSOO — 10 ACRES beautifully located near Stan-
ford University; highly Improved; full-bearing
place; all implements, horse, wagon, and poultry
go with place.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

fOOOO — 22 ACRES 2 miles from Mountain View;
level and all in cultivation; apricots and prunes:
fine 6-room house, chicken house, barn, and wind-
mill and tank; water from well also; some pasture
and hay; place is at Castro Station on wagon road.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

SONOMA COUNTY.

$1.1,000 — 1000 ACRES 9 miles northeast of Santa
Rosa on St. Helena road; good house; all necessary
outbuildings; 12 miles wire fence; 35,000 cords
standing timber; fine water; good stock and wood
ranch. Easy terms, low Interest. Will lease at
$600 per year.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street, San Francisco, California.

92R00 — 8 ACRES Vt mile from Winsor; house and
barn with stable, chicken house, corral, board and
wire fence; all level and In cultivation; 6 acres in
prunes and pears, 2 acres in vines; well of fine
water on place; all tools, 5 tons hay, furniture
stove, efc, fine horse and wagon; double harness.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

SAN FRANCISCO COUNTY.
CITY PROPERTY.
$3700 — NICE COTTAGE of 6 rooms on Seventh
Avenue, near A Street; rent, $50. Will sell fur-
nished for $3950.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, Cal.

$52.50 — COTTAGE of 4 rooms and bath on Cali-
fornia St., near Fifth Ave.; fine fireplace and man-
tel; lot 27.6x90x87 (irregular); shingled; concrete
large high basement; sell furnished for $6000.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street, * San Francisco, Cal.

$6000 — HOUSE of 7 rooms and bath on California
near Ninth Ave.; garden in front and back; lot
25x100; finished basement of 2 rooms and laundry;
gas and electricity; large attic, could be made into
2 rooms.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, Cal.

$62.10 — HOUSE of 10 rooms and bath on Tenth
Ave., near California; lot 40x45; gas and electricity;
modern; will exchange for Berkeley property.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, Cal.

97000 — HOUSE of 8 rooms and laundry. Second
Avenue.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, Cal.

945,000 — HOUSE on Golden Gate Ave. and Web-
ster. Stores and basement. 2 years lease. Lodg-
ing-house upstairs and stores below.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co..
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, Cal.

$15,500 — HOUSE of 12 rooms, attic, basement,
bath; gas and electricity; on Jackson St. near
Stelner; heating furnace; $90 rent before fire.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co..
961 Fillmore Street, San Francisco, California.

$15,000 — THREE FLATS on Oak St. facing the
Panhandle; 7, 7, 6 rooms and bath.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co..
9S1 Fillmore. Street, San Francisco, California.

$12,500 — 9-ROOM RESIDENCE on Baker St. near
Clay; modern; rent, $85. Price includes all car-
pets, stove, etc. '

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street, San Francisco, California.

$10,000 — HOUSE of 8 rooms on Broderick St.
near Sutter; lot, 50.2x90; modern; street work,
sewer connections, etc.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street, S.an Francisco, California.

$10,000 — 3 FLATS, 5-5-6 rooms, on Filbert St.,
between Laguna and Octavia; rents, $25, $30, and
$40; brick and cement foundation; stable in rear.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co..
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

$0000— BEAUTIFUT> RESIDENCE of 9 rooms,
bath and servant's room; on Stelner near Union;
street work, etc., complete.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

$14,000 — 3 FLATS on Hayes St. between Fillmore
and Webster; rents. $30. $30, and $22.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street, San Francisco, California,

$750 — Lot on Twenty-second Ave., between A
and B Streets.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street, San Francisco, California.

$1500 — LOT 25x120 on First Ave., near B St.
Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street, San Francisco, California.

$1800 — LOT on Twelfth Ave., between Clement
and Point Lobos Ave., 25x120.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California,

$100O each — 2 LOTS on Twenty-first Ave., near
California, 25x120 each.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street, San Francisco, California.

$2200—2 LOTS on Twenty-fourth Ave. between
California and Lake.

South"western Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street, San Francisco, California.

$3000 — IX)T 30x100 on Lake near Twenty-fifth
.•\ve. ; fine marine view.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street, San Francisco, California.

$.5000 — LOT on Carl and Clayton Sts., 25x100.
Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street, San Francisco, California.

$1,500 per foot — Lot 37.6x137.6, on Eddy St. near
Jones; Tvill lease.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co..
961 Fillmore Street, San Francisco, California.

$.50,000 — LOT 25x137.6 on Geary between Mason
and Taylor. Get offer.

.Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co..
961 Fillmore Street, San Francisco, California.

$6800 — HOUSE of 6 rooms, basement (4 rooms),
bath; on Twenty-second Ave.; modern; garden
front and back; lot, 25x120.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street, San Francisco, California.

TEHAMA COUNTY.

$1200 — 10 ACRES 4 miles northwest of Corning
in Thomas River Colony; planted to peaches, apri-
cots, and prunes from 6 to 9 years old. Small housf
on place.

South'western Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California

TULARE COUNTY.

$7.500 — 80 ACRES 8 miles from VIsalia; all culti-
vated; 65 acres in alfalfa; deep rich loam; no al-
kali; mixed family orchard; new 5-room house
celled, lined, and papered; barn, 6 new chicken

708

THE P AND EX

SHAME!

— South Bend Tribune.

allotment made. But different work receives
different treatment, and some work is more valu-
able and more costly than other work.

As necessity arises the appropriation for any
department is increased, so that the work is
never hampered.

When the $7,000,000 decade of scientific re-
search under the auspices of the Carnegie Insti-
tution is ended it is believed that very many
boons of incaleulable value will have enriched
mankind.

REMAKING AN IDIOT

Case of the Toledo Boy Has No Parallel in East-
ern Surgery.

Benefactions of the Carnegie Institution
class frequently lead to such important pos-
sibilities as the following, an incident from
one of the endowed hospitals. Said the Chi-
cago Record-Herald:

The surgical operation on Harold Hurley of

THE PANDEX

709

fenced and cross-fenced; hogr-tight; 10 cows; 10
head of young stock and registered bull; plow and
harrow.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street, San Francisco, Cailfornia.

fine B-room house, chicken-hou»o, barn, wind-mill,
and tank; water from Yf^ell also; some pasture and
hay; place is at Castro Station on wagon road.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY.

97!(00 — 10 ACRES of oranges, in Ontario on the
Santa Fe road, in first-class condition; 4-room
house, out-buiidings: water right goes with or-
chard; about one-half hour from Los Angeles.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

SAN BENITO COUNTY.

•250 PER ACRE — 109 acres, one mile from the
new electric cars to Santa Cruz; fenced; poor
buildings; soil black sandy loam; plenty of springs
to Irrigate all of it; all under cultivation; terms
one-half cash, balance to suit.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

SAN JOAttVIN COUNTY.

$3000 — 20 ACRES 10 miles from Stockton; 16
acres in cultivation; 750 fruit trees; 4 acres in wal-
nuts; new cabin 10x10; cultivator, shovel, etc.; this
is an ideal place for chickens.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

SANTA CRUZ COUNTY.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

$3200 — 50 ACRES of land 6 miles from Watson-
ville; 15 acres in full-bearing orchard of apples and
apricots, besides a full-bearing orchard of assorted
fruits; about 5 acres in oak timber; the remainder
of the land all tillable; all growing crops and farm-
ing implements go with the place.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

SANTA CLARA COUNTY.

TO LEASE FOR A TERM OF YEARS — 240 acres
near Hascenda; a hill ranch partly covered with
pine, oak, and laurel; small house on place; fine
water; good for hog ranch.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co..
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

$7000 — 12.65 ACRES; 1% miles from Mountain
View on main thoroughfare; fine house, splendid
barn, wind-mill and tank; full-bearing fruit trees;
splendid roads; most desirable.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

$.'«M)« — 10 ACRES beautifully located near Stan-
ford University; highly improved, full-bearing
place: all implements, horse, wagon, and poultry
go with place.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

SAN LUIS OBISPO COUNTY.

$2500 — 160 ACRES, 11 miles S. E. of Santa Mar-
guerita on Salinas River; 15 acres bottom land, 45
acres slightly rolling, in cultivation; controls 120
acres Govt, land: will feed 25 cattle the year round;
well fenced; nice 4-room house completely fur-
nished, ready to move into; good barn and chicken-
house; family orchard; 150 trees (peaches, pears,
prunes, plums, apples, and apricots); good roads;
R. F. D.; 3 horses. 1 eow, 150 chickens, incubator,
and brooder; all goes for $2500, part cash, balance
easy.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

SOLANO COUNTY.

$5000—25 ACRES 2% miles south of Winters; 76
miles from S. F.; all first-class level land; about 2
acres assorted fruits; good new modern cottage, 4
large rooms and bath; good well 32 feet deep; wind-
mill, tank (2000 gals.); water piped to bath and
kitchen, also to yard; good barn; 2 good out-houses:
plenty wood on place; 2 good mules, 1 wagon, 1
buggy, 1 set double harness: all farming tools.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

SONOMA COUNTY.

HOTEL FORESTVILLE, Sonoma County, Califor-
nia, terminus of the Petaiuma and Santa Rosa Rail-
road; lot 100x200, two-story frame building size
32x70, 18 rooms: bar, dining-room, and oltice; com-
pletely furnished and stocked. J4000 will buy
everything complete. This will net $3000 a year
over and above all expenses. If you want a hotel
that is a good one this is it.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

$7600 WILL BUY a lot 40x130, with building, 3-
story, 40x60, leased for 5 years at $80 per month.
This will net 10 per cent on the investment over
and above taxes, insurance, and repairs.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

$2550 — 11% ACRES sandy loam; 4-room house,
pantry, bath, several chicken-houses; well on place;
small orchard and flower garden; 1 mile to store,
school, and post office; a cozy little home; part
cash.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

$15,000 — 1000 ACRES 9 miles N. E. of Santa Rosa
on St. Helena road; good house, all necessary out-
buildings; 12 miles wire fence; 35,000 cords stand-
ing timber; fine water; good stock and wood ranch.
Easy terms, low interest; will lease at J600 per
year.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California..

$1200—78 ACRES S miles N. of Healdsburg; 4-
room frame house, also a 2-room log cabin; a few-
acres cultivated, balance in pasture and timber,
oak, laurel, and redwood; barn, chicken-house, and
other outbuildings: good garden; fine water; ideal
home; fine for chickens; small payment down, bal-
ance easy.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

$90«O— 22 ACRES 2 miles from Mountain View
level and all in cultivation; apricots and prunes; |

$2500—8 ACRES M
barn with stable; chi
wire fence; all level
prunes and pears, 2
water on place: all
stove, etc., fine horse
Southwestern
961 Fillmore Street.

mile from Winsor; house and
cken-house, corral; board and
and in cultivation; 6 acres in
acres in vines; well of fine
tools, 5 tons hay, furniture,
and wagon, double harness.
Bonds and Finance Co.,

San Francisco, California.

710

THE PANDEX

Toledo, which has changed him from a bad boy
into a good boy and altered his mental equip-
ment so radically that he is almost another being,
has created unusual interest among the New
York surgeons, for the reason that the records
of three leading hospitals here do not show a
result of similar character, says the New York
World. There have been hundreds of excisions
of bone from the skull to relieve abnormal pres-
sure upon the brain, and so restore the motor
centers to normal activity, but there are no data
whatever relating to any after effect in the sen-
sory centers, which control the mental impulses.

The total number of surgical operations per-
formed in Bellevue in 1905 was 3597, of which
about thirty-five per cent dealt with cranial sur-
gery. There were 1900 operations in Roosevelt
and 1508 in St. Luke's, in which the proportion
was about the same, but in no instance was an
after result observed similar to that in the Toledo
patient.

"An operation of such importance and which
would be undertaken only in extreme cases,"
said a surgeon of large practice, "would not be
performed in the patient's home or in a private
sanitarium, so it is safe to assume that the rec-
ords of three hospitals represent all that has
been done in this city in the line of cranial sur-
gery. The case in St. Vincent's Hospital, Toledo,
is of exceptional interest to criminologists, who
may open up a field of greater practical utility
than the advocates of death for the incurable
and the hopelessly insane. The fact that we have
had no similar cases in New York does not argue
at all against a physical remedy for retarding
degeneration of the intellectual powers.

"There is no question but that the removal
of a part of the skull where some interior mal-
formation exists in the inner plate, gives an op-
portunity for natural brain expansion, and the
loss of the protective bony covering is more than
compensated for by the restoration to normal
activity of the cells which have been retarded in
development.

FUTURE FORTUNES FOR CHILDREN

Long Island Educator Finds Way to Help Youth
Save Money.
Something of the preparation of children
for such future that benefactions will not be
necessary to them is foreshadowed in the
following from the Kansas City Star:

Something over twenty-two years ago J. H.
Thiry, principal of the public schools of Long
Island City, N. Y., started a school saving-bank
system for the benefit of the public school pupils.
A Frenchman by birth and with the saving habit
of his people strong within him, he saw the ex-
travagance of the American people and its re-
sults. He saw the rapidity with which extrav-

"THE UNWRITTEN LAW."

—Puck.

agance led to poverty and he saw the rapidity
with which poverty multiplied its victims. He
believed that if every child could be taught and
trained to save, as well as given the knowledge
and habits which assured his earning power,
much would be done towards saving the poor
from temptation and suffering. He realized tlie
futility of giving a child the means of earning
money without the practical lessons of thrift and
economy which taught him to lay by a part of
what he earned against the rainy days and old
age to come.

He resolved to teach his pupils to save their
money, to eradicate poverty so far as he could
by removing its chief cause — extravagance. He
saw them spending their pocket money for use-
less things or at the whim of appetite. He
thought if he could teach them the relative value
of money he could lead them to the road of thrift
and frugality.

The pupils liked the idea and the system be-
came a great success. The possession of a bank
account gave the scholars great satisfaction. It
stirred their ambition and tended to make them
more independent, self-reliant, thrifty, and frugal.
The money that had gone for candies and chew-
ing gum went into the bank.

Other cities heard of the Long Island plan and
within a short time school savings banks had
been established in many Eastern cities. The idea
spread gradually until school savings banks have
come to occupy an important place in the coun-
try's educational system. The recent development
of the idea in the West has been rapid, and there
are indications that the practical teaching of les-
sons of thrift may soon become general. Wher-
ever the system has been introduced it has proved
to be helpful not only to the individual but to
the community.

The W. C. T. U. was quick to see the value of

THE PANDEX

711

STANISLAUS COUNTY.

»7230 — 77% ACRES, 2% miles from Turlock; 75
acres In alfalfa; a fine even stand and from which
have been cut 5 crops and 450 tons of hay this year;
schools and church 2i^ miles; Turlock Irrigation
Ditch furnishes best and cheapest- water; water tax
70 cents; land all ditched, laid out In checks; irri-
gation boxes all In and ready to water; fenced and
cross-fenced with barbed wire fencing; windmill
and cement tank; no buildings on place; well 68
feet deep; water the very best; a good paying prop-
erty.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
861 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

TBHAMA COUNTY.

$120« — 10 ACRES, 4 miles northwest of Corning,
In Thomas River Colony; planted to peaches, apri-
cots, and prunes from 6 to 9 years old; small house
on place.

SouthwesterH Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

TUOLUMNE COUNTY.

»1100 — 50 AND 60 ACRES, Joining R. R.; 15 acres
under cultivation; 900 grape vines; 150 fruit trees
In variety, about 500 blackberry vines; house of 6
rooms with wide porch all around; Is well built but

needs refitting inside; 4 years old; barn well fitted
up, 3 chicken houses, 2-room cabin for hired man;
tight fence for chickens; 2 fine springs; clear title.
taxes paid, timber for lifetime.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

TULARE COUNTY.

97500 — 80 ACRES, 8 miles from Visalla; all culti-
vated; 65 acres in alfalfa; deep rich loam; no al-
kali; mixed family orchard; jiew 5-room house
celled, lined, and papered; barn, 6 new chicken -
houses, 2 brooder-houses, and incubator house; all
fenced and cross-fenced; hog tight; 10 cows; 10
head of young stock and registered bull, plow and
harrow.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

YUBA COUNTY.

VSJIO PER ACRE — 360 acres; 40 acres formerly
plowed for hay; abundance of white-oak timber;
numerous living springs; 5-room cottage; 2 miles
wire and stone fence; 5 stone corrals.

32» acres adjoining can be purchased with the
320 acres at J2000.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

BUSINESS CHANCES

We handle business opportunities of all kinds —
stores, hotels, rooming-houses, and all kinds of
business chances. If you wish to buy or sell, call
on or write us.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co..

961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

SAN FRANCISCO.

Fine 30-room hotel, situated on McAllister Street,
two blocks from Fillmore; flrst-class neighborhood;
contains 23 furnished rooms, balance office, dining-
room, and kitchen; elegant furniture, moquette
carpets, birdseye maple and mahogany furniture;
brass beds, first-class mattresses, pillows, and
blankets; furnishings the very best quality, gas
and electric light, furnace heat, and hot and cold
water. Building, three-story and basement. This
will make a flrst-class hotel. American or European
or, better still, call and see this extra grood buy.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co..
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

HOTEL, FORRSTVILLE, Sonoma County, Califor-
nia, terminus of the Petaluma and Santa Rosa Rail-
road; lot 100x200, two-story frame building size
32x70, 18 rooms; bar, dining-room, and office; com-
pletely furnished and stocked. $4000 will buy
everything complete. This will net $3000 a year
over and above all expenses. If you want a hotel
that is a good one this Is it.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,

961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

SAN FRANCISCO BUSINESS CHANCES.

Coffee, Tea. Crockery, and Hardware, established
23 years, doing a business of about $700 a month;
stock and fixtures invoice at $1500; running wagon
route 3 times a week, taking in about $20 a day;
owner will stay "with party 2 or 3 weeks to teach
business and route. This can be bought for $1500
cash; clears from $150 to $200 per month over ex-
penses. No. 124.

OAKLAND.

Butcher shop and grocery store located near Key
Route station, established 2 years; stock and fix-
tures invoice $2300; sales per month, $2500 to $3000;
Includes 3 horses. 2 wagons, 1 cart, 2 sets of har-
ness; can be had for two-thirds down, balance 8
per cent. This is one of our best buys. No. 121.
SALOONS.

We have saloons and saloon locations of all
kinds in all part^ of San Francisco, Oakland, and
surrounding bay cities. If you are thinking of
going into the saloon business don't fall to consult
us as we have the best in this line.
RESTAURANTS.

We have a number of first-class restaurants
ranging in all prices from $400 to $10,000 in all
parts of the city and State. If you are looking for
a restaurant, don't fall to write or call on us.
COUNTRY HOTELS.

We have a number of very choice country hotels
from $2000 to $20,000. Write and tell us what
you want or, better still, call on us.
CIG.4R STANDS.

We have a number of very choice cigar stands

In San Francisco and also in the interior and no

doubt win be able to give you Just what you want.

DELICATESSEN STORES.

We have a large number of delicatessen stores
in San Francisco and throughout the State at all
prices from $400 up to $6000.

CANDY STORES.

We have a number of candy stores In San Fran-
cisco and throughout the State, some of which are
very choice buys.

BUTCHER SHOPS.

We have them from $1000 to $20,000 in all parts
of the State.

BILLIARD AND POOL PARLORS.

We have one for $4000 near University, which is
a good one, also others Just as good in different
parts of the city. Let me know what you want
and wiiere you want it.

Also have a large list of general merchandise
stores and other businesses. If you are thinking
of going into business In the state of Callfornlii.
either in San Francisco or elsewhere, consult us
first, as we are the business clearing house of the
State.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street, San Francisco, California.

ATTORNEYS-AT-LAW

* RELIABLE LEGAL ADVICE.

We answer legal questions for everybody from
everywhere. We've attorneys, good attorneys,
who know the law. You get sound advice that
will ordinarily cost you much more because the
volume of our business takes the place of higher
fees.

Our attorneys having great law libraries can
transact business quicker than the ordinary attor-
ney who is not so fortunate. This Insures you Im-
mediate responses and the advice you seek.

Then a great point is, we are not Interested in
urging you into litigation JUST TO MAKE FEES
You get what you pay for — the law; advice that
will stand the test.

All branches of the law are covered — CON-
TRACTS, WILLS, TORTS, PARTNERSHIPS, MAR-
RIAGE RELATIONS, PROPERTY RIGHTS.
DAMAGES, CLAIMS, CORPORATIONS, WATER
RIGHTS, and every and ALL other subjects cov-
ered by the law.

TROUBLES ARISE which you may not wish to
confide to your local attorney, if you have one. or
you may have some dispute over money matters
you would prefer not to have him know about —
entrust your case to us.

OUR only fee Is $2.50, returned If dissatisfied.
We've yet to kno'w of a dissatisfied client. State
your case carefully and briefly.

Banking and mercantile references.

Address all communications to

PACIFIC COAST LEGAL BUREAU,
509 Golden Gate Avenue, San Francisco, Cal.

712

THE PANDEX

the idea and gave it every support and encour-
agement. Through the efforts of the organization
the system was introduced in the Kansas City
schools in May, 1900, and to-day several thou-
sand children are being taught habits of thrift
and industry.

When the system was established one of the
local savings banks offered to take the deposits
and, to make assurance doubly sure, agreed to
deposit with the school board United States bonds
to secure the deposits. Two per cent interest was
paid on deposits. The idea met with instant
favor here and before long there were more than
one thousand individual deposits. Recently there
was a demand for a higher rate of interest and
the bank offered to create another class of de-
posits, secured by Kansas City school bonds, and
pay three per cent interest. The depositor has
his, or her, choice of security with the correspon-
ding rate of interest.

Since the establishment of the system there
has been deposited in the school savings accounts
approximately $95,000. The withdrawals have
aggregated $72,000, leaving $22,000 on deposit in
2300 accounts. Two years ago there were only
1824 depositors and $14,532 on deposit. The
average deposit is $10, although some individuals
have deposits running into three figures, one of
them close to $500. The majority of depositors
are children of parents in ordinary circumstances.
They make money in all sorts of ways. Some sell
papers, some run errands, some do odd jobs
around the neighborhood. It has been found that
many children have accounts at savings banks
before they enter school, so that the number whfi
might become depositors under the school system
is materially reduced.

The system of securing accounts is to send
around to each of the schools at the beginning of
(he school year application cards. White cards
are for three per cent deposits and yellow cards
for two per cent. Upon making the application
and depositing fifty cents the depositor is given
a book. With a deposit of $1 the depositor is
given a home savings bank. The parent or guard-
ian must countersign all withdrawal checks.

To stimulate interest among the teachers the
bank gives $50 each year to be divided among the
three schoolrooms having the largest number of
depositors. The school savings work is under
the direction of Mrs. L. 0. Middleton, state and
district superintendent of school savings banks
for the W. C. T. U.

PRODIGIES? WELL, HOW'S THIS?

This Boy Is Said to Have Memorized Two Books
When Only Eighteen Months Old.
St. rraneeville, 111. — Charles Buchanan, who is
three years old, is a prodigy. He is a son of
Mr. and Mrs. J. D. Buchanan of this place. His
mother was a school teacher in Vincennes before
her marriage.

When only ten months old he listened intently
to conversation between adults. A month later,
when he heard people talking, he interrupted
them with such interrogations as "Why?"
' ' Who r ' " What 7 " and " When ? ' ' Soon after-
ward he knew the alphabet perfectly.

At the age of eighteen months he had read and
memorized the third and second readers used in
the Illinois schools.

He now reads the newspapers, and with the
aid of a dictionary is able to understand all the
words he sees.

The boy can name each color correctly and
can do almost anything that requires brain
power — at least, anything that boys of twelve or
fifteen years of age can do. He is not specially
developed in any one thing, but is able to do
and understand many things. His mother is in a
quandary as to what line of education her son
shall receive.

No attempt is being made to tutor the boy at
present, but he has made a taskmaster of him-
self. For hours at a time he will remain in-
doors and read books. He has a special fondness
for poetry which he memorizes. He reads the
newspaper with avidity, and every morning he
reads to his mother while she is preparing break-
fast. Knowing the value of all the coins, he
frequently shops for his mother. — Boston Herald.

CHILDREN SOLD FOR TAXES

Persian Reformers Propose to Put a Stop to
the Practice.

Constantinople. — Reports of the proceedings
of Parliament in Teheran, Persia, state that a
telegram was received from Persian residents at
Ashkabad, in Russian Turkestan, announcing that
Persian children brought from Khorassan had
been sold to Turcomans at Ashkabad like sheep.
There is strong likelihood t'hat this slavery will
be stopped by an action of the Persian reformers
in Parliament, now that a new order seems to
have taken active hold of affairs here. — Chicago
Inter-Ocean.

THE PANDEX 713

San Francisco
Literary Syndicate and Manuscript

Agency

915 Van Ness Avenue, San Francisco

Eastern Agent: Foreign Agent:

Brown Bros., New York Curtis Brown, London

q Successful writers nowadays can sell their manuscripts for more than ever before. A few
years ago Jack London could not sell his best stories for any price. This was because he did
not know the editors and they did not know him. Now he receives one thousand dollars for his
simple promise to write a book, and fifteen cents for every word he writes. His literary agents
attend to this.

^ We have handled and edited manuscripts by Jack London and other successful western writ-
ers. Every one of these authors now makes his writing pay — and its pays well.

^ We will edit any magazine article or poem and advise you where best to place it, for a fee
of one dollar, prepaid. Our fee for considering manuscripts of novels or plays is five dollars.

^ Address all communications to our Treasurer, 915 Van Ness Avenue, San Francisco.

Orchard and Farm

Chicago Conservatory

Dr. WILLIAM WADE HINSHAW. President
31st Season

Most Complete Conservatory of Music and Dramatic
Art in America. Eminent Faculty of 60 Instructors.

BRANCHES OF STUDY - PiMo. Vocal. Violin. Public Schoo ' An Illustrated Monthly Magazine

Music, Organ, Theory, Elocution, Oratory, Language*. Drama and Opera
50 Free and 100 Partial Scholarshipa.

Send Stamp Addres. JOHN A. HINSHAW, Manager

(or Catalogue. Au(£torium Building, Chicago.

$i, 00 the ymar ... San FrancUco, Cal.

Pleaae mention The Fandez when irrltlnK to Advertlacra.

714

THE PANDEX

HOW THE FATHER KNEW HIM

He Becognizes His Long-Lost Son Because of His
Cheating at Poker.

"I've rim up ag'in sum tuff proposishuns in
the old days uv Kansas," said Zebekiah Hagin,
who keeps a ranchman's hotel in Dodge City,
"but Slim Jim Nelson wus tuffer'n any man
'twixt San Antone an' Bismarck. He spent con-
sidbul time at my place in Dodge, cuz they would-
n't have him north in Dakota or Wyomin', nor
they wouldn't have him South, in Texas or Ar-
kansaw. Sim'lar to a stack uv chips in a game
uv draw poker. Slim Jim Nelson hadn't any hum.

"Fust time I see Slim Jim wuz nigh sunset
one evenin' in the spring. It wuz jist the time
o' year when the cow punchers wuz travelin'

would have made a kick on such a long free stay,
but I had grown wise to it that a kick wouldn't
do any good agin Jim Nelson.

A Dealer from the Heart.

"If Jim had uv show'd plenty uv coin durin'
his long stay he would have turn 'd out to be a
purty good customer uv my hotel. At the end
uv the fust year I figured it out that his bar
bill would have reached ha'f way 'twixt Texas
and Wyomin'. There wuz times, too, when I
staked him to set in a leetle game uv poker, but
he alius made good what I gave him an' give
me my share uv the winnin's. Sumhow or ruther
he alius got all the munny in ev'ry game that he
figger'd. He could deal seconds as well as he
could deal frum the bottom uv the deck. As fur
shootin', he could pick out a partic'ler drop of

FAMILY TOURING CAR.
To Be Introduced Shoi1;Iy in New York, Chicago, Brooklyn and Elsewhere.

-Puck.

northwud to jine in the spring roundup on the
northern ranges. When he drew up his broncho
frunt uv my door he put me in min' uv a guv'-
ment arsenal train that had cut luse frum the
reg'lar detachment. He had a muskit over his
sho'lder, an' a bowie knife stickin' out uv his
reer pocket, besides two boss pistuls stuck in his
belt. I kind'r thought it wuz best to agree with
him when he said he wuz broke, but guess 'd he
wuz good fur any thin' he wanted. It's all 'us
best to go by the scripters, which says as you
shall take the stranger in, but I ain't jist sure
uv w 'ether they say that the stranger mought
take you in or not.

"Course uv a month Jim an' I wuz good fr'ens,
an' at the end uv a year he wuz part uv the
furniture uv my hotel. Thare's sum lanluds that

water in the Arkansaw River an' hit that special
drop ev'ry time. He got confidenshull one day
an' said that he had snuff 'd out about a score
uv human lights in fren'ly card games. It wuz
agin my principuls not to lend a helpin' hand
to such a man. I'd have bet my hotel agin any
place in Dodge that Slim Jim Nelson was a dead
game sport. He wuz all rite — 'till Kid Lawson
cum.

"Made Me Think uv Home."

"Kid Lawson rode in one night from a ranch
up in Wyomin'. With a gang uv cow punchers
he wuz on his way to Texas. He wuzn't more
than twenty years old, an' wore his braw'd-
brim'd sombrero like a fine lady wears her Easter
bonnet. He had a pair uv peepers that wuz

THEPANDEX 715

DO YOU WANT TO BETTER YOURSELF?

Then Open Your Wiswam, and Behold Opportunities.
Don't Sulk in Your Tent, When We Can Help You.

Have You Anything for Sale?

We Can Sell It for You

Do You Want to Buy Anything?

Then Try Us

The way to rise to fortune is to use other men's energies.

This beine true in commerce as in politics, why not look for a labor-saving institution like ours?
Here's your Clearing House. We know what is for sale, and we know what buyers want.

Let Us Buy and Sell for You; Let us Show You
How to Make Money Earn Money

Have you a store you want to sell? Reach the buyer through us. Are you looking for a business op-
portunity? Use our eyes, and find it. Do you want to buy a farm or a town lot? See what we can do
for you.

Make Known Your Wants- We Do the Rest

This is a busy age, and the wise man passes the detail to others. We are detail men.

If you want to buy or sell, we run down the men you want to meet, separate the sheep from the
goats, analyze the gold bricks, sidestep the bores, and bring you to the eligible fellow.

Consult us freely, without cost. Let us write the letters, pay the telephone bills, furnish the car
fare, do the chasing through dust and mud.

We have agencies in many towns throughout California, and we have on our books the names of many
buyers and sellers. We have a business clearing-house, and our books possibly contain just what you
want. We are not booming any locality, for our field of operations covers the state of California.

Whether it is a Factory or a Store,
A Farm or a Railroad

That you want to buy or sell, get in touch with us. Let us compare notes to mutual advantage. Surely
the fact that our agents are on the ground and that we are experts may be of advantage to you, if you are
alive to the situation.

WHO ARE WE? READ THIS:

A. H.Jordan, an expert insurance special aecnt, is president of the company; A. Mittlcman. an expert real estate agent, is secretary,
and the directors are Matthew Brady, attorney and notary public. Dr. A. S. Adler, of the Boa'-d of Health of San Ftancisco. and others of un-
doubted standing in the business world. Men such as W. H. Miller of San Bernardino, W. R. Van Wormcr of Paso Robles, and C. A.
Kingston of Santa Ana, are stock-holders. Depository: California Safe Deposit and Trust Company. Anorneys. Berry A Brady.

For Further Particulars Address or Call on

SOUTHWESTERN BONDS AND FINANCE CO.

961 Fillmore St., San Francisco, Cal.

Pleaae mention The Pandex ^hen ^rritinc to AdvertlserM.

716

THE PANDEX

NOBODY ELSE COULD

Miss Prim (before the
Harem") — How realistic! ]
that I am there! — Puck.

painting "In the
can almost imasine

sumthin' the cullor nv the sky that covers Pike's
Peak at sunrise on a clear summer mornin'. His
voice wuz silv'ry. He sut'nly wuz a mother's
boy in tuflf comp'ny.

"When Kid Lawson come into the bar-room uv
my hotel along with that bunch uv cow punchers

sumhow he made me think uv home an' the ole
woman at the fireside, the fust broncho I broke,
an' lots uv other things uv childhood. It wuz
many a year since I had bother 'd with these
thoughts, an' they made me feel kind uv lone-
sumlike an ' razed a lump in my throte. I helped
myself to a glass uv red likker, soas to furget, it.
All the cow punchers 'pear'd to think uv that
same remedy, an' even Kid Lawson took a drop
uv the stuff. Those bad feelin 's cost me the price
uv half a gallun uv likker, but it wuz worth
it to forget. It seem'd a good deal plezenter after
that drop all 'round to feel ev'ry thing gettin'
nat'ral agin in the barroom. It wuz jist as nat'-
ral fur one uv the cow punchers to menshun a
leetle game'uv poker.

"As soon as draw wuz menshun 'd Slim Jim
cali'd me aside an' struck me fur a stake. I
slipp'd him a fifty. Slim Jim seem'd purty
tickl 'd at fust at the idee uv sittin ' in the game,
but after a minnit he began to weaken an' ten-
der'd me back the fifty.

" 'I don't ezactly like to set down in that
game with the Kid,' he said.

" 'Cum, Jim,' says I, 'don't play the baby act

THE PANDEX

717

Chicago to [INew York in
10 Hours.

Interest in the great Electric Railroad tiiat will
cut down tlie running time between Cliicago and
New York to ten iiours, and carry passengers at a
$10 fare, continues unabated. People who were
skeptical at first as to the reality of such a gi-
gantic project have now become convinced by the
actual showing of work already done. The first
grading was begun on the first of September, 1906.
Cars will be running on the first fifteen miles by
the end of April, 1907. The Chicago-New YorK
Electric Air Line Railroad will run over a track
that scarcely verges from a straight line In Its
entire course of 750 miles, thereby making the
distance 150 miles shorter than the shortest ex-
isting steam railroad route. Over this direct
route will be run hourly electric trains at a speed
that will reach a maximum of 100 miles an hour
and maintain an average of 75 miles.

For full literature and a sample copy of the
"Air Line News," which is a little Illustrated maga-
zine devoted to railroads in general and the
Chicago-New York Electric Air Line Raljroad in
particular, fill out the coupon below and mall to
the Southwestern Securities Company, 431 Delbert
Block, 943 Van .Ness Avenue, San Francisco, Cali-
fornia.

AddreHD

MENNEN'S

^Lfu^S TOILET POWDER

Agents wanted in ail towns where not repre-
sented. (Pandex 5).

Mayt'Ime

Flo-wers

aro not moro welcome, after
\Vintor's cold and snows, thun
is Mennen's Borated Tal-
cum Powder to the tender
raw skin, roughened by the
wind of early Spring, of the
woman who values a dood
complexion, and to the man
who shaves. In the nursery
Mennen's comes first— the
purest and safest of healing
and soothing toilet powders.
Put up In non-reflllable
boxeH, for your protection. If
Mennen's face is on the cover,
it's irenulne and a Kuitraiitee
of purity. Delightful after
shaving. Sold everywhere, or
by mail 25 cents.

Guaranteed underthe FoodandDrugs
Act, June 30, 1906. Serial No. 154;i.

Sample Free

Gerhard Mennen Co.

Newark, N. J.

Try Mennen'8 Vio-
let (Borated) Tal-
i-uni Powder. It has
the scent of fresh
cutJParma Violets.

<»- <^ —

SMITHS' CASH STORE

|-|. A. SMITH, President and General Manager

LARGEST WESTERN MAIL ORDER HOUSE

Has Saved the Families of the Coast
Honest Goods and Methods

MILLIONS or wm^

YOU CAN SAVE MANY ^^

By Sending Your Name for a Catalogue. Free. 64
Pages. Shares Profits With Customers in Cash

ESTABLISHED IN 1879

By Barclay J. & H. A. Smith

COUPON

On any Order You Send U» in May Enclosing thia
Coupon, or Mention Pandex of The PresB, We Will In-
clude, Free, a New Map of California and Nevada, Up-
to-Date, Worth $2.50, 20x30, Also a Calendar to
June 1, J908.

^^ CASH STORE ^^

Now NO. 14 TO 24.STEUAHTST.S.F. ONLY
WHOLESALE MAILORDER RATES TO FAMILIES
WRITE US FOR PRICED CATALOG SAVES M

Co-operators get 5 per cent discount on everything sold.
Ask about it. It's interesting everyone.

Vlrmur mentlaa The Pudex whe> irrltlDB to AdTertlsen.

718

THE PANDEX

at this stage uv the game. Any one would think
you're afraid uv that leetle tenderfoot.'

" 'It's not that I'm afraid uv gettin' beat,'
he said, 'but I don't want to steal his munny. '

" 'Then play honest,' says I, knowin' well that
he couldn't do that to save his life. Then he
grew confidenshull and tole me his story.

" 'You only size me up as a tuff man an' a
card sharp,' he began, 'but I wuzn't alius built
that way. My folks wuz good people, an' I once
wuz as good as they wuz. When I wuz scarcely
ole enuff to make a livin' I lost my head over a
party gal.'

Mountains. When he wuz nigh eight years ole
she an' I got a quarrelin', and I give up her an'
the kid fur the life you see now. P'raps he's
dead, an' p'raps he's livin.' I ain't a goin' to
bother about lookin' him up, but if he ever cor-
rals me anywhere it's all off with the West fur

mine.

Jim,' I says, an' I wuz feelin' rite bad,
too, ' 'pears to me there's only one thing fur both
uv us to do.' Then I reached and got a bottle
of joy restorer.

"While Slim Jim wuz a spoutin' his hist'ry
the other eow punchers had moved out the round

DESPOTISM IN UNION SQUARE.

, Somewhat Muddled Cabman (at 2 a. m.) — S'dam country's
Ou'rage — traffic cop holdin' me up oner night like thish! — Puck.

jettin' jush like Russia.

Slim Jim's Romance.

" 'That's human,' says I.

" 'Then,' he went on, 'I got marri'd.'

" 'That's bad,' says I.

" 'I'd bin marri'd about a year,' continued
Jim, 'when the kid cum. He was a purty leetle
divvel. Hair wuz as golden as polish 'd nuggets;
his eyes like two pieces that had dropped from
a starry sky; his voice — well, jist like this Kid
Lawson's. I kin hear it when the springs run
laughin' an' bubblin' down the side uv the Rocky

table. I got the cards an' chips frum behin' the
bar, an' Kid Lawson, Jim, an' three uv the cow
punchers begun to enjoy theirselves. They gave
me fifty apiece fur the stacks uv chips. Bein'
■a. silent partner, I took my seat behin' Jim's
chair.

"It wuzn't forty minnits before Kid Lawson
an' two uv the others begun to buy. As fast as
I handed them more chips they 'peared to go
rite over to Jim's side uv the table. Kid Law-
son seemed to have a bar'l uv munny in his kit.
After he had bought several times he dived into

THE PANDBX

719

We Want

MEN

fl To represent us who have the ability
and capacity to earn big money.

Q Men of character and force who are
capable of selling stocks.

Q Men who can give references and want
to represent one of the strongest mining
companies in Colorado. No question
about the merits of our proposition.

^ It you can fill the requirements, write
us; if you can't, do not waste your time
and postage.

Q We will be glad to exchange references
with parties who can qualify and mean
business.

ADDRESS

The Georgetown Loop
Mining Co,

1593 Sixteenth St.

Denver, Colo.

A Few Thousand Dollars

Will drvclop what we hoiicstly bflitve is one of the ricbcsi
copper mines in the West. There arc so many "fake"
mining propositions being foisted on the public that we
frankly confess we arc having a hard time raising these need-
ful funds. People will not discriminate between our offer
which is honest and open to inveslifation and the innumer-
able "wildcat" mining schemes.

We wmnt to tend you complete Information —
the very same information that wc have ourselves and on
which we base our convictions. We leave it to your judg-
ment as a business man whether an iBvestment of a small
amount of money seems wise. We will be FAIR jnd
HONEST and SQUARE with you in EVERY WAY.
IVrife Us Today for a Bona Fide Statement of Facts.

THE WYOMING GOLD & COPPER FINANCE COMPANY

Suite 429 Symea Buildins • - • Denver. Colo.

YOU ARE THE MAN
I WANT TO TALK TO

q 10 acre Cultivated Farms, producing an income
for life. Only 8)0 down; $10 monthly; $60 per
acre; no interest; no taxes.

Q We Cultivate the Farm* in wealth-producing
crops, and sliare with you the profits during instal-
ment period.

^ An investment for every one! Secure, beyond

compare, with an annual income of 25%, or more.

Address CHARLES LCMMAN (Dept. P.)

C«re GOLDEN STATE REALTY CO., Lo. Anielei. C«L

Largest Real Estate Orsanization in the West.

Reference : All banlcs in Los Angeles.

A FIVE ACRE ,

PETALUMA egg RAISiCH

PROVES A BETTER INVESTMENT
A MORE PLEASUREABLE PURSUIT

MAKES MORE MONEY THAN ANY OTHER COAST
ATTRACTION

WE DO WHAT WE SAY WE DO

AND ARE ON HAND WITH THE GOODS

Our lists comprise a nuirtber of
Good Buys for People with Limit-
ed Means, who can farm in Cali-
fornia soil with less liability, more
sure results and in almost perpetual
sunshine.

Petaluma Egg Farms are situated
at the seat of demand — the best
Market in the world is at your
door.

Our prices are astonishingly low
and Terms Reasonable.

■0

•

^ ^

I 0

PI
>

•

Eatablithed 1884. We publish the Petaluma Land JournaL
It will interest you free, if you write for it.

POULTRY RAISING

Is most profitable at Petaluma, Calif. Many are making
$200 per month and over on 3 acres with poultry alone.
Try it and be convinced. We have a good list to select from

A Few Special Bargains

$2250— Valley Heights; 3.27 acres, high, rolliog, laody soil, com-
manding line view, new, 4 R. cottage, bam, incubator and
broeder house and bidgs. and luns for 1 000 hens, room (or
2000. This plant when (uUy slocked will pay $200 net per
month. Can he bought now on terms of $730 cash and bal. as
you make it. No. 1871.

$2000—7 acres adj. city limits; wooded hillside, sloping to the east;
house, barn, well and poultry bIdgs; $300 cash and easy
terms. No. 1861.

$3500— An ideal home and poultry ranch, 3 acres 2 miles out; sandy
soil, best near Petaluma. new. modem, 3 R cottage, bath room,
pantry and closets, ample out bidffs., room and runs for 2000
hens; $1000 cash, bal. 6 per cent.; should net owner $230
per month. No. I 532.

$3000—3.94 acres near Petaluma, rich, sandy soil, I acre orchard, fine
garden, new 4 R cottage, porcelain bath, patent toilet, white

enameled sink in pantry, hot and cold running water in house
and to out bldgs.. bam and poultry bldgs. Fine location and
good neighbors; a fine home and money maker. No. 1870.

W^rite for our
Sonoma County Bargains, Book P, a large free list.

J. W. HORN CO.

812 Main Street, Petaluma, California

IS Yeart' Experience at Petaluma

Pleaac mentlan Th« Pandex wJien irrltloB to Advrrtiarrs.

720

THE PANDEX

the inner pocket uv his flannel shirt an' laid a
roll uv two hundred or more beside him on the
table. It's jist possible I see Jim do sumthin'
crooked. In case I did, I wuz too bizzy with my
own biz'ness to interfere with the guests uv my
hotel. None uv the rest uv 'em saw anything
wrong, an' 'twuz none uv my biz'ness. I did
notis one thing: Kid Lawson 'peared to wriggle
an' twist as though he wuz gettin' desprit.

Kid Opens the Pot.

"It wuz jist after a jack pot fur $10 had bin
dealt by Slim Jim that I seen that y'ung tender-
foot actin' so all-fired restless. His sho'lders
quiver 'd an' went up an' down an' his foot
pounded the wooden floor as if he had a tuch
uv the jimjams.

"Kid Lawson wuz sittin' at the left uv Jim,
an' it wuz his fust say. He declar'd the pot
open for $25. The others passed, but Jim stayed
fur what it wuz opened fur. The Kid called fur
one card, an' Jim dealt himself the same lonely
one.

"I wuzn't partic'lar worri'd jist then, fur I
knew Jim wuz too good a fren' uv mine to throw
away my stake munny. I had that confidense
in him that I would have bet a couple uv hun-
dreds myself, only it wuz agin my rule to bet
my own munny in my own hotel. It's bad
enuff to sell likker, let alone bein' a gam'ler. •

"When Kid Lawson bet $50, Slim Jim razed
the bet fur all he had in front uv him. The Kid
couldn't lay down, so he called.

" 'Fore aces,' said Jim, showin' his cards, jist
to let see he wuzn't lyin'.

"'That's good,' said Kid Lawson. 'I had a
run fur my munny. Here's fore kings.'

"The Kid unconsarnedly rose from his chair
at the table an' walked over to where his som-
brero hung on the hall rack. Not so Jim. He
grabbed the roll uv greenbacks that the Kid
had lost to him, an' ran across the room to where
the boy was standin'.

"My Long Lost Boy."

"Take it, Kid,' he said, holdin' out the munny.
'It's all your'n. I try'd to play on the squar,
but I jist couldn't. I de'lt that fo'th ace from
the bottom uv the deck. By Gawd, I don't wan'
to cheat a kid ! '

"Kid Lawson wav'd away the roll uv green-
backs with a moshun uv his hand.

" 'Not fur mine,' he said, as he put his som-
brero on his head. 'You're the whitest man I
ever run up ag'inst. I'd go to hell befo' I'd
do you dirt. Three aces beat three kings, so you
git the munny on the level. I pull'd that fo'th
king f rum up my sleeve ! '

"Jim Nelson hurl'd the wad uv greenbacks on
the floor, jist as if good munny was as cheap as
sawdus'. With both arms stretch 'd out befo'
him, he darted 'cross the few steps 'twixt 'em
an' grabbed th' Kid, huggin' him with all the
tenderness uv a she grizzly b'ar.

" 'My boy! My long lost boy!' he cried.

"Turnin' t 'wards me an' the others, he said:

" 'No one on earth, 'cept my own flesh an'
blud, could ring in a hold-out king on me — an'
I not wise to it!' " — New York Times.

The Kingdom of the Spring

Heigh-ho, the Robin and the Spring!

The prating and the mating and the building

nests a-swing,
The fields of budding clover with the soft sky

sky bending over,
The bobolink's clear calling and the lark upon

the wing!

Heigh-ho, the Primrose and the Spring!

The growing and the blowing and the earthy

scents that cling
To the lily breaking cover like a lass to meet

her lover,
And the bloomy gold of buttercups to make the

wedding-ring !

Heigh-ho, the Poet and the Spring!
The dreaming and the gleaming and the green
on everything.
Every branch you peep in under shows a
world of hidden wonder.
All the woodland is a kingdom with the poet for
the king!
— Isabel Eceleston MacKay, in April Ainslee's.

THE PANDEX

721

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722

THE P A N D E X

We Are in "Dead Earnest" When We Say to You

BUY

Seattle- Boston Copper Company^ s

Preferred Stock

While It Is Selling at 75 Cents per Share

We are now operating two camps, and in sixty days will have two more

in operation.

The outlook for profit is far greater with our four properties than
it is with companies having but one.

Write us for prospectus — it will interest you.

WE HAVE THE ORE.
We Want You to Help Us Ship It.

SEATTLE-BOSTON COPPER CO.

419-421 Alaska Building, Seattle, U. S. A.

S).

A/NO^I LEAN

Dr. Morrow's Anti-Lean
makes Lean people Fat

The theory ot making people fat by giving them
fats, and oils is wrong, as it upsets the stomach,
destroys the appetite and assimilation. The theory
of feeding them pre-digested foods is also wrong,
because the digestive organs get to depend upon the
pre-digestion.

Our theory is to make them fat through
the nervous system. All lean people are
neurotics to a great extent, with a rapid
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their digestive organs so they will digest
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it also regulates the bowels. This is nature's way
of making lean people fat. Each bottle».contains}a
month's treatment and costs $1. 50. will soon be on s»le at all
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graduates are employed. Send for our beautiful new catalog just off the press; it
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H. W. BEHNKE

I. M. WALKER

PRESIDENT

PRINCIPAL

PRESS OF THE CAI.KINS PUBLISHING HOUSE

Vice 15 Cents

JUNE $1.50 Per Yea

Edited by Arthur I. Street

THE FORM OF THE EARTH SEEMS TO BE CHANGING

CALKI

We Are in "Dead Earnest" When We Say to You

BUY

Seattle -Boston Copper Company's

Preferred Stock

While It Is Selling at 75 Cents per Share

We are now operating two camps, and in sixty days will have
two more in operation. The outlook for profit is far greater
with our four properties than it is with companies having
but one. Write for prospectus — it will interest you. : : : : :

WE HAVE THE ORE We Want You to Help Us Ship It.

SEATTLE- BOSTON COPPER CO.

419-421 Alaska BuUding, Seattle, U. S. A.

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WRITE FOR CATALOGUE

THE PANDEX SCHOOL OF

Current History and Journalism

FREE SCHOLARSHIPS: Anyone sending one new subscriber to The
Pandex of The Press will receive a free scholarship in the School for the period of
one year.

Applications for Membership in the School have been received from the following places,

among others:

Butte, Mont. ' Richmond, Va.

Cache, Okla. McKinney, Texas

Portland, Ore. Helena, Mont.

Pullman, Wash. Salt Lake City, Utah

Seattle, Wash. York, Mont.

Rexburg, Idaho San Bernardino, Cal.
Vancouver Barracks, Wash. Jackson, Cal.

Palo Alto, Cal. Park City, Utah

Mesa, Ariz. Perry, Ore.

Los Angeles, Cal. Ashland, Ore.

Baltimore, Md. San Francisco, Cal.

This shows the widespread interest aroused in this unique institution.

APPLICATION FOR ADMISSION TO THE

Pandex School of Current History and Journalism

Name ,

Address

Age

Previous Education, and Experience in Journalism

THE PANDEX OF THE PRESS.

Edited by Arthur I. Street

INDEX TO CONTENTS

series

JUNE. 1907

VolV No. 6

COVER — The Form ot the Earth Seems to Be
Changing.— Adapted from Duluth News-
Tribune.

FRONTISPIECE — Tlie Latest Aspirant. — De-
troit Journal.

EDITORIAt. — A "Warning from the West.... 723

SPRING FEVER OF I,ABOR '34

Strikes Are in Order 734

Industrial Workers Lose 735

IjOngshoremen Are Out 736

Salt Lake Strike Bitter 736

Machinists Against Themselves 736

Unemployed Army in England 737

Bakers Strike in Paris 738

Movement to Control Strlke.s 738

Cuban Cigar Makers Out 740

Cost of Living Soars 740

Labor Combine Attacked 740

A DREYFUS CASE IN AMERICA 741

Denver Editor's Forecast 741

President Roosevelt's Letter 741

Moyer and Others Make Answer 744

Conspiracy Charged Against Roosevelt 744

Reds Denounce President 746

Resume of Moyer-Haywood Case 746

Jaxon's Career 748

Jaxon to Be Expelled 749

NEW SPIRIT AMONG THE 'CHANGES? 750

GET THERE — Verse 754

PEACE, PRESS AND DIPLOMACY 760

People Superior to Diplomats 760

Thoughts of the Peace People 762

Woman's Plea for Peace 764

Colleges Join In Plea 766

Mrs. Eddy's New Title 766

Britain and Spain Allies • 767

Did Roosevelt Mean Germany? 768

Carnegie Wrong, Say Germans 768

Germany Against Theories... 770

Concessions to Germany 770

Tariff Dispute With France 770

Comic Opera Is Barred 771

Stead, Drummer of Peace 771

Beginning of Peace Movement 773

Mexico in Mood to Fight 773

Turkey Concedes Our Demands 774

Denmark's Place in War 774

Egypt's New Administrator 774

TAFT AND HUGHES 775

Starting a False Boom 775

Called by the Enemy 776

Brownlow Is In Line 776

Rogers Wars on Roosevelt 776

Wadsworth Denounces Him 777

Harrlman's Counsel Makes .\itack 778

Millions vs. Rooseveltlsm. . : . 780

Foraker Part of the Plot 780

Odell's Game Is Understood 780

Will Not Run Again 782

Policies, Not Men, His Aim 782

President Out for Taft? 782

President Not Booming Taft 782

Forecasting the Ticket 784

Hughes the Dark Horse 784

Campaigns by His Work 785

What Is Making Hughes 786

Hughes Appeals to Public. 786

Harmon's Brand of Democracy 789

Hearst Not a Democrat 790

He's a Boy With His Boys 790

Wife Wanted for White House 790

crime: and conscience 791

San Francisco Mayor Tells 792

Ruet Pleads Guilty 792

Police Graft in Frisco 793

Folk Investigates Police 794

Light Sentence for Brewer. '. . 794

Railroads Get Under Cover 794

Harrlman Ends Compact 794

Lottery Being Run Down 796

Unwritten Law Denounced. 797

Crime, a Business , 798

Italian Society of Crime 798

Band Against Black Hand 800

New York Police Shake Up 800

4305 Per Cent Profit 800

Army Man "Fraud King" 80i

Mercy to American Valjean 803

Mexican Bandit Shot 804

Unseen, to View Crooks 804

Vagrants to Be Made Useful 804

Women in Texas Prisons 805

Westerner Burns Up His Money 805

Germany Gets Wright's Ship 813

Army Aeronauts at Work ilZ

Chiefly Because of War 814

Wellman to Take Dogs 815

Women Enter the Sport 816

BEYOND HUMAN CONTROL,..

In Peril to Save Comrades...

Conductor Saves Train

Gets 11,000 Volts and :[ylves.
Belt Saved Workman

819

820

Pulls Bar from His Body 82a

Folding-Bed Folded Them.. 820

Teeth in His Stomach '. 821

Headache Burst Head 821

Mule Who Was Sensitive 821

Dog Swallows $12 821

Lost Toe But Won Bride 821

Baby Boy and Girl Mixed 822

Wind Set House on Track 822

Choked by a Gumdrop '. 822

Tramp Gets Hard Sentence 822

MAROONED ON A SKYSCRAPER.

823

HOBOES' SIGNAL, CODE

THE SAGA OP SANDY McLEAN.
UP IN THE AIR — Verse

805
807
811

MAN'S NEW PLAYGROUND 812

Cross Atlantic In a Night.... 812

AS THEY LIVED AND DIED 826

Failed to Save France 827

Beecham, Famous Pill Maker 827

Epps, the Cocoa Man 827

Kearney, the Labor Agitator 828

Packer, the "Man Eater" 830

Moonshiners' King Dies 830

Tea Sampler a Victim 831

THE CRITIC — Verse 831

IN WAR FOR DRAMATIC ACT 837

Belasco Against America 837

Vaudeville a Menace 840

First Fight of Independents 842

Violence Used by Trust 846

Breaks With the Trust 852

NOTE: — Thru an inadvertence the credit for the article in the May Pandex on "A Greater San
Francisco or a Lesser Nagasaki," was omitted. The article was reprinted from the San Francisco
Chronicle.

Published the First of Each Month by

THE CALKINS NEWSPAPER SYNDICATE

Entered at the San Ftandsco Postoffice a* Second-CIau Mail Matter

Office and Editorial Rooms

24 CLAY STREET, SAN FRANCISCO

TRIBUNE ^LDQ., NEW YORK HARTFORD BLDQ., CHICAGO

412 O. T JOHNSON BLDQ., LOS JNGELES

15 Cents the Copy, $L50 per Year

THE PANDEX OF THE PRESS

Series II.

JUNE. 1907

Vol. V. No. 6

A WARNING FROM THE WEST

By the Editor

An m
and Dangerous
Feeling

Between the hallucinations of
the agitator and the endur-
ings of the sufferer, the fol-
lies of the criminal and the
errors of the delinquent, there has grown
up into a certain section of the American
midst a feeling that conditions not unlike"
those of Russia are being forced upon the
republic. It is, of course, by no means a
universal feeling, nor is it one which has
reached such magnitude as to command gen-
eral recognition. But it expresses itself un-
mistakably in the controversy over the
Moyer-Haywood affair, and in the intensity
of passion which underlies the street rail-
way strike in San Francisco. Both of these
incidents are Western, and both therefore
have the added force which the freer con-
ditions of the West permit. They stand for
a sentiment that lies close to the crude heart
of sturdy physiques, prone to quick out-
burst and slow to reversion when once moved
by the impetus of conviction.

In the Idaho trials are all the
volatility of motives and ex-
hilaration of action charac-
teristic of the rare atmos-
phere of the Rockies — the same attributes
that created the extraordinary administra-
tion of Governor Waite in Colorado and
afterward evolved the wild lawlessness of

Cleavage
of Classes
Is Begun

Cripple Creek and the Coeur d'Alene; while
in the San Francisco transit tie-up are the
fervid emotionality native to favoring cli-
mates, and the solidarity of partisanship
and purpose possible to communities which
have not yet outgrown isolation.

Labor, iij the one instance, is on the de-

Diogenes' Hopeless Quest.

— St. Louis Globe-Democrat.

724

THE PANDEX

fense; in the other, it initiates the attack.
And in both eases it displays a density of
social malice and a resoluteness of factional
assertion which can mean but one thing',
namely, that the long apprehended cleavage
of classes in the United States has definitely
begun.

Glad

to Be

Undesirables

Men do not cry "con-
spiracy," as the Moyer-Hay-
woodites have done, against
a President who has only too
demonstrably been their friend, until they
have reached that stage of absorption in self-
interest wherein only that person is recog-
nized as friend who advocates the cause
equally with themselves, and, equally with
them, holds others to be enemies who do not
answer to the same test. The twenty thou-
sand men and women who paraded in New
York in support of the accused at Boise
and in denunciation of the President at
Washington, voluntarily and explicitly
marked themselves off as a group apart and
welcomed the brand of "undesirables."
They declared their belief, evidently based
on no little foundation, that they had thou-
sands of fellows in other cities of the coun-
try equally ready to demonstrate in the
same manner. The magnetic speaker from
Denver, who painted word pictures before
the Chicago Federation of the capitalistic
conspirators "gurgling in the blood" of the
men of toil, obviously aspired to a leadership
the essence of which is challenge and de-
fiance, and the inevitable implication of
which is either the knife for the enemy or
the bars and the halter for himself. Such
chances of speech, taken tho they may often
be by the irresponsible firebrand, never rise
to that consistent eloquence that carries per-
suasion to large numbers of people until
there are large numbers of people attuned
to the same degree of daring.

The fact that the Chicago
^0^^ oration and the New York

Than a demonstration were both in
Surface Protest ^^j^alf of three men who
happen to be accused of an arch crime or
series of crimes neither explains nor jus-
tifies. Nor does the fact that the accused

were the head officials of a large labor or-
ganization comiplete the explanation, any
more than it completes the explanation of
the Wall Street hatred of Roosevelt to point
to thfe fact that his executive proceedings
have led to the public chagrin of some of
the most eminent financial magnates of the
country and to a popular suspicion and dis-
trust of all things bearing the name of trust
or merger.

For the Western Federation

Part of Miners is but an element

"' * in a far-reaching sequence of

Long Sequence ^^^^^^ ^^^ events, and the

chiefships of the organization had only been
put in the hands of Moyer, Haywood, and
Pettibone because the latter had most typic-
ally represented this sequence. Western
labor conditions, like Western conditions of
capital and business generally, had been as
different from conditions in the East as is
the temperament of the West from that of
the East, and out of these conditions had
grown, under the direction of such men as
Haywood and Moyer, a union of unions,
"drastic in its policies, impetuous in its un-
dertakings, and often unscrupulous in its
methods. Coping with men whose fortunes
either had been made in a night or whose
character had been developed under the
shotgun and revolver conditions of pioneer
mining, they undertook to achieve their in-
creasing share of the mineral wealth, or to
protect against loss that which they already
had, by means as barbaric as the
surroundings.

Or, if the facts were not so
Violating extreme as this, there is no
the Western ^^^^^ ^^at the underlying
Tradition jpjj.j^ ^f ^Yle federation, how-
ever little analyzed and understood by its
leading sponsors or by its antagonists, was
the open freedom of the mountains and
plateaus, the demand for equal opportunity,
the proclamation of equal fellowship re-
gardless of the luck of the strata or the
clean-up of the mill. Tradition had made
the country beyond the Kansas-Colorado
state line a land wherein hospitality began
with the sun and did not cease with the

THE PANDEX

725

midnight stars. Men made their monetarj'
piles in cattle or in lands or with the Cali-
fornia hydraulic, and still remained fellows
and comrades among their associate pioneers.
But when the repeal of the Sherman Act
in 1893 took away the silver mines and

ers. Even the smelters merged themselves
into a trust and put on prohibitive charges
which robbed the prospectors and smaller
miners of what little vestige of hope had
been left by the repeal bill. In place of being
liberal, sharing prosperity as men share a

SENATOR FORAKER'S BOOM IS GAINING GROUND FAST.

— Duluth News-Tribune.

closed the avenues of exploitation and easy
wealth to thousands of hardy men. there
somehow came upon Colorado, at least, a
translation. Men who had been men among
men became monopolists and money grind-

grubstake, those who were fortunate enough
to own gold mines began to conspire to
limit the costs of wages, to reduce the dis-
pensations of profit, to subordinate the
humanities to the moneys.

726

THE PANDEX

A crop of millionaires mi-
grated from the scene of the
mines to a city at the base of
the mountains, and there, un-
der the unhappy spell of absenteeism, began
the pursuit of the evil courses characteristic

The

Colorado

Millionaires

proportion to the reduced chances for de-
riving quick fortunes, demanded a ten-hour,
or a nine-hour, or an eight-hour day, the
intricacy of conditions made it impossible for
anything but legislative enactment to bring
the desired concession about. Ordinary ex-

TRYING TO RIDE BOTH PARTIES.

-Duluth Herald.

of modern rich men in modem cities. They
veered from mining to politics. They spread
a conspiring hand over every section of the
state and elected officials amenable to their
influence. They used old mining friendships
for selfish ends. They imposed on the
credulity of mining employees — until, such
was the course that if the miners, yearning
for a reduced number of hours of vv^ork in

change of ideas, freely made between man
and employee such as characterized the
earlier days of the West, the frank repre-
sentation one to the other of mutual in-
terest, either no longer sufficed or was no
longer possible. And even when the Legis-
lature was reached there was no concession
available even there, for the Legislature had
become but the creature of the mine owners.

THE PANDEX

727

Naturally enough, the inde-
pendence of Western man-
hood rebelled. The Western
Federation of Labor, with all

its errors and all its values, was the result.

And as the latter institution grew it realized

Caused

the Western

Federation

cidents. They had learned of the invasion
of the coal mines of Pennsylvania and other
states by immigrants from Europe imported
to break the power of unions and to crush
the standards of wages. And they deter-
mined that, so far as might lay in their

WITHIN THE LAW.

— Pittsburg Gazette-Times.

with increasing imagination the magnitude
of its problem. Its members had witnessed
the struggle of unions against capital in the
East, the tragedies of Homestead, the use of
the Federal troops in the railway union
strike, the call of the militia to Buffalo, and
a hundred and one similar discouraging in-

power, none of these things should be re-
peated beyond the Colorado border line.

Many of the Federation's
members had been followers
of the Populists; many more
had been passionate ad-
herents of Bryan and 16 to 1. And in both

Fear
of an
Oligarchy

728

THE PANDEX

of these affiliations their minds had fash-
ioned themselves to the conviction that there
were elements at work in the nation whose
ultimate development, unless sooner checked,
would be a monetary oligarchy. The re-
turning prosperity under the McKinley
regime was not enough to convince them to
the contrary. For McKinley clung as ten-
aciously as Cleveland to the gold standard,
his policies continued to exclude the miners
from the silver veins, and his advisers, who
steered his course or proclaimed his virtues,
proved in the end to be the makers of trusts,
the beneficiaries of privilege, the autocrats
of industry. Even the moneyed magnates of
Colorado who had, for a long time, stood
pat with the miners and the common people
in the cause of free silver, themselves were
found presently cheek by jowl with the
McKinley leaders and the McKinley
purposes.

The steel and iron works at Pueblo, which
had been the pride of the West, passed into
the ownership of the East. The copper mines
of Montana, which had bred human men
like Marcus Daly and George Hearst, fell
under the cold grasp of the Standard Oil.
The Pacific railroads, built by Western en-
terprise and financed by Western ingenuity,
became the playthings of the speculators of
Wall Street. The political bosses of Penn-
sylvania made their own fortunes by jug-
gling with the statehood aspirations, of New
Mexico and Arizona. The theocracy of the
Mormon Church in Utah sold itself to the
generators of Senators and Congressmen.
The Hill railroads, once the apostles of the
interests of the farmers and constructed in
express opposition to the spirit of specula-
tion, overthrew the democratic leanings of
the new State of Washington. And the
power of Huntington, which had made Cali-
fornia a mere vest pocket trinket of the
Southern Pacific, had but gone over into
the equally ruthless hands of Harriman
when the famous "Collis P." died.

Crueade
of Labor

Militant

Men of less virile tradition
might have looked upon all
this either with resignation
or with indifference. But

hardly so a western federation of miners.
For, if there is one thing of which the West
in the past has been able to boast, it is
initiative, the impulse and the determination
to execute the will, to foster ambition, to pro-
tect individuality. And all the initiative of
men who work, of men who are strong in their
bodies, who have breathed the buoyant air
of primitive landscapes, welled up into a
protest against the further extension of these
tendencies.

To be sure the protest took an errant form.
It ran into physical violence. It played with
murder and dynamite — unless all testimony
thus far adduced be false. And it lifted
itself beyond the realm of law and custom.
But it was Protest, nevertheless, deep, im-
passioned, fearsome. It elected, and looked
to the guidance of, radical leaders, courage-
ous, dangerous. It defied and scorned its
enemies. It stood, almost, for Labor Militant.
And when its officers shared in parades in
the streets of Denver they were acclaimed

with the zeal and noise of crusaders.

A Blunder
in a
Crisis

Then came the catastrophe !
The crash against the subtly
entrenched, the deeply
rooted, the almost impreg-
nable institution of Wealth and Politics —
the outbreak at Wardner, the conflict with
Peabody, the conspiracy, the assassination.
Somebody blundered. Somebody stepped
over the line of public approval. Inferen-
tially it was a member of the Western Feder-
ation. Possibly it was not. Possibly it was
only some astute and cunning Machiavelli
of the oligarchy, some crafty operator aware
of the huge and growing power of the Pro-
test and determined to deal it a death
blow. Possibly it was some such conspiracy
as marked the Middle Ages, a palace revolu-
tion to jail the Man in the Iron Mask or to
send to the gallows the leaders of the
minority.

Time and evidence have yet
to prove which way it was.
But it matters little which
way is proved. For, passing
months and passing events have changed the

Reinforced
by a
Great Disaster

THE PANDEX

729

THE CONSPIRATORS.

Copyrighted, 1906, by Collier's Weekly, and Reproduced by Special Permission.

730

THE PANDEX

HONORE JOSEPH JAXON.

Chicago Socialist Who Began Dispute Between
Roosevelt and Labor.

Honore Joseph Jaxon, head of the "Moyer-
Haywood Association" of Chicago, whom President
Roosevelt has brought into national fame by ad-
dressing to him a tart reply to the charge that the
president was not playing fair in the Idaho trial
of the miners, is one of the most picturesque
characters in the country. He was reared among
the Metis Indians of the Northwest Territory and
was secretary to Lx)uis Riel In the northwest re-
bellion. He escaped to the United States. He or-
ganized the trade unionists in Chicago in 1886 and
was largely instrumental In winning the eight-hour
fight for the carpenters. Since then he has run
after many fads, including "spirit fruit" and
"philosophical anarchy." Jaxon .was graduated
from the university of Toronto and is a graceful
speaker.

scope of things, or, rather, so intensified the
trend in one direction that it is doubtful if
anything in the world can now produce an
alteration. San Francisco has had her dread
disaster, and the men of capital have further
fattened themselves upon its sufferings.
Nature has inflicted an unusually severe
winter upon the Northwest, and the masters
of wealth have either withheld the people's
fuel or confessed themselves and their im-
mense facilities impotent to overcome a
traffic congestion. Wherever Labor has made

a gain in wages — and there have been many
such gains — Capital has imposed an increase
in the cost of living. Ground rents and
house rents have gone up beyond the limit
of the average purse, and men and families
who once were thrifty enough to save their
earnings and accumulate protection against
adversity, to buy their own homes, to ad-
vance the level of their childrens' culture
and opportunities above their own, are
bound down to the narrow hedge of daily
drudgery — mortgaged to circumstances and
helpless in the war of personal independence.

Where, moved by the pressure of unfavor-
ing environment, the labor people have given
way to the greed of illicit gold, as in the case
of the officials in San Francisco, they have
but found themselves pilloried to shame be-
fore the world and trapped in the relentless
meshes of skilled detectives and indomitable
prosecutors, while men like Harriman, who
have deprived the public of millions,
juggled with railroads as embezzlers juggle
with bank accounts, and bribed the creators
of laws and administrators of states and
cities, still stalk the courses of life and busi-
ness free and unrestrained.

Where, in the spirit of friendly concilia-
tion, and, frequently, of patriotism, they
have compromised their controversies with
railways and factories, at the special instance
of the Government, they have but had the
poor consolation of witnessing the railroads
withdrawing their mileage privileges, cur-
tailing their improvements, and reducing on
a comprehensive scale the accommodations
they offer the public because the public has
sought to regulate rates or restrict
conditions.

[ndeed, in general, where
The Balance there has been concession,
°' the balance of the giving has

Concession ^een on the workingman's
side. To be sure, he has wrested higher wages
from his employers than employees were
ever paid before. To be sure, the environ-
ment that he lives in and the clothes that he
wears and the food that he eats are superior
to those of his own kind and occupation in
other countries, but that is not the gist

THE PANDEX

731

'FIRE-ALARM" JOE READS A JUICY BIT OF NEWS TO THE BOYS AT THE BILLION-
AIRES' ANTI-ROOSEVELT CLUB.

— Denver Post.

732

THE PANDEX

of his plea, or the pulse of his protest. The
trouble is that whatsoever he gains is un-
gained for him at once. His increased pros-
perity is eaten vip as fast as it is made.

to Hate
the Rich

To his mind there is some-
^ ^ thing cormorant gnawing at
the vitals of honest human
effort, something that dis-
counts and vitiates the effect of work. And,
so far as he can see, the whole vice concen-
trates itself in Money, the thing which he
labors to get, but which is taken away from
him as fast as he gains it, and seems to
accumulate in the hands of those who
have much of it as sand accumulates in the
wind. He grows to hate the owners of
money. He becomes suspicious of those who
even hold intercourse with those owners. By
one step and one sentiment after another
he alienates himself from this factor of
Society. He justifies its extermination. He
scorns those who compromise with it. He
welcomes the epithet of "undesirables." He
parades under the red flag. He orates in
denunciation of his recently acknowledged
friend, even tho the latter be the chief
executive of the United States.

. The Western Federation of

Parties to Labor and its trial at Boise
the
.„ become the rallying center of

Persecution , . ^. r^. .

his emotions. The characters

in the trial become his idealized heroes, se-
lected by the enemy for persecution. The
public who patronize the non-union-operated
street cars in San Francisco become the par-
tisans of the persecutors and are vilified and
terrorized in proportion to their disregard
of the union's fight. Epithets and denuncia-
tion are hurtled in the streets promiscuously
as they are inscribed on banners in the
parades of the so-called "reds" in New
York. Nor does the situation lessen in its
degree of apprehensiveness as the effects
of the strike are extended to business and as
employees lose their occupations and their
salaries. Foolishly or wisely, as events have
yet to prove, the railways have thrown the
gauntlet and declared for a "fight to finish."
Men who make a profession of breaking
strikes have been imported from abroad, and

it is being demonstrated that wealth and
syndicated industry can command men as it
buys commodities. What the Western Fed-
eration did, or was driven to do, in the
Rocky Mountains, the general federation of
labor in San Francisco may decide to do
in the citv bv the Golden Gate.

Danger
of Prolonged
Agitation

Already this federation has
shown its power by electing
an entire municipal ticket.
Already it has commanded
the official and solicitous attention of the
Department of State by its defiance of the
Government of Japan. Its hold upon the
market of work is only less invincible than
the hold of Capital upon the market of pay.
It is dominated by able men. Some of its
sponsors break bread with statesmen and
draft papers .and pleadings which match
well with those of trained attorneys. It is
equipped for action. It is capacitated for
autonomy. And if the Moyer-Haywood af-
fair proves abortive, and, if the processes of
law deny in the least the exactitudes of jus-
tice and fair play to the accused labor lead-
ers, there is little doubt that the disposition
to enlist labor in labor's battle for labor's
sake will be so much further inspired and
impelled that the street railway strike will
be but the beginning of prolonged and haz-
ardous agitation.

The Coast

Colorado

Those who toil, in San Fran-
cisco, have behind them the
same traditions of freedom
and independence that lie be-
hind the Western Federation
of Miners. They have the
same aspiration for democratic conditions.
They resent with the same intensity the
introduction of conditions of industry
that deprive men of opportunities and the
West of the feature that has been its chief
attraction. They are as yet less bitter than
their fellows of the Rockies in their sus-
picion and fear of the men of means. But
their temper may be judged from the fact
that thruout almost the entire course of graft
prosecutions they have upheld and justified
the now confessed felons on the ground that
the animus of the prosecution was in itself

THE PANDEX

733

nothing but a warfare between capitalistic
factions, nothing but an artificial strife over
the grabbing of public privileges. Th§y hold
aloof from political candidates, even such as
the present Interstate Commerce Commis-
sioner Lane who had proved himself under
the most trying circumstances the consistent
supporter of consistent Labor. They give
little or no encouragement to the superb
work of Heney, and, if they admire the
cunning of Bums, they hide the fact under
the face of apparent apathy.

Whether voluntarily, or by a process im-
perceptible even to themselves, they are
drawing apart from their fellow citizens,
crystalizing into a class by themselves, re-
peating on the Western end of the continent
the things that were done by thp "reds" in
New York and by the Moyer-Haywoodites
in Colorado.

Possibility
of

The consequence of it all is
inevitable. It is the logic of
circumstances, the drift of
Repair evolution. Whether it can
be averted is another question. Whether it
can ever be repaired after once having set-
tled down upon the country is still another
question. There are statesmen who foresee
what it means, and are struggling against it.
Doubtless President Roosevelt sees it, and is
moved in some part by his appreciation of it
in his determination not again to be a can-
diate for the Presidency. But it is the
President's misfortune that he favors Taft
for his successor, and it is Taft's misfortune

that Labor has listed him among the enemy
because of a court decision he once rendered
adverse to the labor union practice of picket-
ing and boycotting. To the Labor mind, the
regulation of railroads and the restriction of
corporations is not of half the importance
that should attach to the equalization of jus-
tice between the man who has money and the
man who has only wages. The mere fining
of a rebate offender does not rank with the
sentencing of a petty thief who is poor.
The immunity of a merger king from pun-
ishment for the juggling of a railroad's stock
does not balance with the prosecution of a
labor union boss for the securing by the de-
vice of "attorney's fees" of sums paltry in
comparison with the millions stolen in a
traffic maneuver. The continued ownership
of a street railway franchise by interests
which only too presumably obtained them by
bribery does not tally up square with the
virtual elimination from office of an entire
body of supervisors who accepted the illegal
fees which the railway offered.

And until there is some better balancing
of these relative accounts, some clearer
squaring of the equation between the men
who have much and the men who have but
little, it is likely that the men who have
little will continue to consolidate and to
seek by union of numbers and segregation
of interests and action the ends which they
claim are being taken from them by present
conditions.

734

THE PANDEX

•^^ Jf jUlror ?

—Adapted from Appeal to Reason.

ANNUAL MAY DAY RECURRENCE

MARKED BY UNUSUAL AND

SIGNIFICANT STRIKES

AND LABOR DEMANDS

UNREST OF UNIONS THRUOUT THE WORLD AND EVIDENCE

THAT THEY ARE MASSING FOR CONCERTED RESISTANCE

TO WHAT THEY DEEM OPPRESSIVE

WITH the approach of May Day the
labor situation of all countries cus-
tomarily reaches a temporary crisis, often
dramatic in its expression, but of late more
notable for the spirit which it hides than for
that which it carries upon its surface. Labor
is learning to move in large and subtly or-
ganized waves rather than in outward dem-
onstrations. San Francisco's strike is an
exception to the rule, but even in the older
European countries the upshot of almost all
the big labor demands was the admission of
labor to more intimate councils with the em-
ployers, increased recognition of its strength
and standing, and, finally, active participa-
tion by the Government in all settlements.

STRIKES ARE IN ORDER

Philadelphia, Boston, San Francisco, and Other
Cities Affected.
The following from the Washington Star
gives a brief outlook upon the situation as
it appeared on the first of May of the current
year:

Philadelphia, May 3. — As a result of a dispute
among the labor unions representing the brick-
layers, stonemasons, and granite cutters of this
city, work on many building operations was sus-
pended to-day by an order of the master brick-
layers, who last night decided to stop work until
the unions can come to an agreement. About
4400 workmen are affected, but if the suspension
continues for more than a week about 30,000 men
of other building trades will be forced into
idleness.

Neither wages nor hours are involved. The
dispute concerns the laying of stone after it has
been made ready by the granite cutters. The
masons, reinforced by the bricklayers, with whom
they are affiliated, hold they should lay the stone,
while the granite cutters, supported by the build-
ers, claim they should not only cut the stone, but
lay it. The builders and the granite cutters have
an agreement to this effect which has two years
to run. The bricklayers recently called strikes
on several building operations on which the
granite cutters were laying the stone and the
union refused to renew the wage agreement be-
tween the organization and the builders, which
expired May 1, unless the contention of the stone
masons was agreed to. The master builders at
a meeting last night requested the union to call
off these strikes, which affected about 300 men,
until the matter in dispute could be settled. The

THE PANDEX

735

request was refused and the master bricklayers
decided to pay oil their men and inaugurate a
lockout until the unions could agree.

San Francisco Situation.
San Francisco, May 3. — The telephone opera-
tors of the Pacific States Telephone and Tele-
graph Company early to-day voted to strike to
enforce their demands of increased wages and
recognition of their union which was recently
organized. The strike is to go into effect to-day.

Icemen on Strike.

Detroit, Mich., May 3.^A strike of the ice
handlers of this city for an increase in wages
from $17.50 per week to $19.50 has resulted in
Detroit being an iceless city to-day. No ice is
being delivered anywhere. About 500 men are
out. The employees of seven of the leading ice
companies struck last midnight to enforce their
demand for a raise in wages, and to-day, the
men claim, the remaining firms locked out their
employees, thus paralyzing the industry. George
W. Briggs, auditor of the International Brother-,
hood of Teamsters, with which the Ice Wagon
Drivers' Union is affiliated, is here managing the
strike.

Friction in Chicago.

Chicago, May 3. — The Pipe and Boiler Cover-
ers' Union declared a strike yesterday, throwing
600 men out of work. The strikers demand an
increase from 52y2 cents to 6214 cents an hour.
The most important industry affected by the
strike is that which deals with the installation
of the sprinkler fire extinguisher system.

Longshoremen Strike.

Portland, Me., May 3. — The steamer North
Star of the Maine Steamship Company, which
should have sailed last night, remained at her
berth to-day in response to orders telegraphed
from New York on account of the strike of New
York longshoremen. It was understood the Man-
hattan was held at New York.

Three Thousand Out in Brooklyn.

New York, May 3. — A strike of longshoremen
at the docks of the Bush Company and along the
water front in Brooklyn, which has been in prog-
ress for several days, assumed serious proportions
to-day when 3000 men went on strike in Brook-
lyn alone. Most of these men have been em-
ployed on the docks of the Bush Company, which
extend from Thirty-ninth to Fiftieth Streets,
Brooklyn, and the work of unloading and load-
ing many of the tramp freight steamers which
have their terminals at these docks is reported
to be seriously interrupted. Efforts have been
made by the companies to put new men in the
places of the strikers, but this has so far given
little relief. Hundreds of men who had quit work
were hanging about the docks in South Brooklyn
to-day waiting for the new men to make their
appearance, when it was feared there would be a
clash. The police reserves are on duty along
the water front and are prepared to deal with
any outbreak.

The strikers demand an increase in wages from
25 cents to 30 cents an hour for day work and
from 25 cents to 45 cents for night work.

About 500 longshoremen continued on strike
from some of the steamers of the American and
Red Star lines at their docks in Manhattan.

Canadian Bailroad Strike.

Neepawa, Manitoba, May 3. — Five hundred men
working on the Grand Trunk Pacific have struck,
most of them starting east by the Canadian Pa-
cific Railroad. About 200 quit at Minnedosa.
Most of these were foreigners. The cause of the
strike is not apparent, but it is said to be for
higher wages, better shelter and better conditions
generally.

INDUSTRIAL WORKERS OF THE WORLD

Political Organization of the Labor Unions Loses
Fight at Goldfleld.
One phase of the labor situation in the
West, to which allusion is made at length in
the editorial of this month, is the Industrial
Workers of the World, a branch of labor re-
puted to be organized explicitly for political
purposes. Said the Pittsburg Dispatch con-
cerning the action of the Industrial Workers
in Nevada:

Goldfleld, Nev., April 22.— The long-hoped-for
settlement of the difficulties between the mine
owners and the miners was reached yesterday be-
tween the executive committee of the mine own-
ers and the officers of the Miners' Union. The
agreement signed by both parties provides that
mining and milling operations will be resumed
and continued under the following terms :

1. The wage scale in effect in the district
March 1, 1907, shall remain in force and eight
hours shall constitute a day's work for all men
under the jurisdiction of the Miners' Union.

2. The Miners' Union shall have jurisdiction
over all men regularly employed in and around
the mines, mills and smelters, including timber-
men, timber framers, engineers, blacksmiths, and
machinists, and excepting superintendents and
managers.

3. No strike or boycott shall be officially de-
clared by the Miners' Union unless by a two-
thirds vote of that organization in favor thereof
and no lockout shall be enforced by the mine
owners and operators unless by a like vote.

4. No town labor controversy shall interfere
with the operation of the mines or the employ-
ment of the miners.

5. These terms shall remain in force for a
period of two years from date.

No labor war has ever been waged with so
little reason. The labor party erred by bringing
on conflict, seeking no change in wages or hours,
both perfectly satisfactory. Their zeal to in-
crease their membership and power by coercive

736

THE PANDEX

means brought hardship to the real workers, who
shared in neither profit nor preferment. The
business party was at fault for their lack of in-
formation as to real conditions, and for their in-
ability to fraternize with the workers, thus ac-
complishing a quick adjustment. Both were
grievously at fault for "playing the market"
while needy men, w'omen, and children waited
for a settlement.

SALT LAKE STRIKE BITTER

LONGSHOREMEN ARE OUT

New York Harbor Front Badly Crippled by Big
Strike.

One of the most disturbing of strikes is
that which proceeds from the men along the
water front. The following from the New
York World describes a recent strike in this
section of New York:

New York, May 4. — The longshoremen's strike
took on a more serious aspect yesterday. One re-
sult of the trouble was the announcement that
the Kroonland, of the White Star line, which
was scheduled to sail for Hamburg at 11 o'clock
this morning, would not be able to sail until 2
p. m. to-morrow. It is expected that the Celtic,
which is taking the place of the American liner
St. Paul, will sail as scheduled at 11 o'clock this
morning.

There are 3000 longshoremen on strike in Man-
hattan and Brooklyn at present, and it is feared
that the strike may spread to other lines. . The
strikers demand an increase from 30 to 40 cents
an hour for day work and from 45 to 60 cents
for night work. The strikers in Manhattan have
kept order in their ranks, and so far have not per-
mitted any of their members to interfere with
non-union men. The steamship companies, how-
ever, appear to find it difficult to fill the places of
the men. The stewards and firemen of the Kroon-
land, one hundred in all, did the loading in place
of the longshoremen, and the same conditions pre-
vailed on the Celtic.

There was trouble in Brooklyn, however, and
only the presence of large squads of policemen
prevented race riots along the water front. Fifty
negroes were taken from Manhattan on tugs to
take the places of strikers on Pier 36 at the foot
of Pioneer Street, where the steamship Clan Mc-
Millan is unloading for Barber & Co. Harrison
Tiffany, a boss stevedore at Pier 37, announced
that he would replace all strikers with negroes,
and the strikers said negroes had been taken
across the river to several piers.

As a result of the presence of the negroes many
white longshoremen who had remained at work,
refusing to join the Italian laborers in the strike,
quit work. The strikers said there were 600 men
on strike in Brooklyn, but there were not that
many by half, according to the police.

Cars Egged, Strikers Parade, and Strike-Break-
ers Are Ordered.

Something of the state of feeling with
which strikes are carried on in other occu-
pations in the West than mining is shown
in the following from the New York World :

Salt Lake City. — All negotiations between the
Utah Light and Railway Company and its striking
motormen and conductors have been broken ofE.

Attempts of the company to run a few cars
caused disorder, but no one was seriously injured.

Idlers and boys threw eggs, cut trolley ropes
and forced drivers to pull heavy vehicles onto
the tracks. The cars were manned by superin-
tendents and inspectors.

Five hundred strikers, headed by a brass band
and bearing banners with the inscription, "Bread
and Butter Is the Issue — Nothing More, Nothing
Less," marched through the business streets.
The road's electrical workers threaten to go out.

The company expects to bring a carload of
strikebreakers from Oregon.

STRIKE AGAINST THEMSELVES

Machinist Stockholders in Co-Operative Business
Demand 10 Per Cent Increase.

A peculiarly interesting aspect of striking
is the following, as reported by the New York
World :

Edwardsville, 111., May 4. — One hundred ma-
chinists are on strike at Edwardsville. They are
employed at the co-operative village of Leclaire,
a suburb of Edwardsville, founded by N. 0. Nel-
son, who says the men are in the unique position
of striking against themselves, as each is a stock-
holder in the company and directly interested in
its business. They demand a 10 per cent increase
in wages.

Before departing for Kansas City, Mr. Nelson
urged the men to wait until the larger organiza-
tion in St. Louis makes a settlement, and he of-
fered to be governed by what was done there.

"The international unions can not pass upon
the Leclaire co-operative idea," said Mr. Nelson.
"Unionism is important and useful for certain
purposes, but in our case it has never in any
manner benefited our employees. The Nelson
employees, not only in Leclaire, but in Bessemer,
St. Louis and elsewhere, are absolutely self-em-
ploying. No trouble has ever risen between us
except as a result of interference of international
unions. ' '

THE PANDEX

737

UNEMPLOYED ARMY IN ENGLAND

Men Discharged From Woolwich Arsenal March
Long Distance.

The extension of the strike movement to

Europe is partially told in the following

from the Philadelphia Inquirer:

long distance from Woolwich to the House of
Commons to impress their grievances upon the
Government. The complaints of the men are far-
reaching, representing not only loss of employ-
ment, but the wiping out of their savings in-
vested in little properties in Woolwich.

A number of printers and other tradesmen,
laborers and citizens joined the procession, which

'FRISCO'S FINE LITTER OF PUPS.

— Detroit Journal.

London. — The "cry of the unemployed" has
been raised in London again. Several thousand
skilled workmen, who had been discharged from
Woolwich Arsenals as an outcome of War Sec-
retary Haldane's scheme of reducing military ex-
penses, marched with bands and banners the

was further augmented by a strong body of
workers from the army clothing factory at Pim-
lico. The entire eight miles of march was thickly
lined with spectators.

The procession, which was orderly, was halted
at St. George's Circle, one mile from the Houses

738

THE PANDEX

of Parliament, and from here a deputation of
picked men proceeded to the House of Commons
to lay the grievances of themselves and their com-
rades before Premier Campbell-Bannerman. The
men were assured that these inevitable discharges
should entail as little hardship as possible.

MOVEMENT TO CONTROL STRIKES

BAKERS STRIKE IN PARIS

Threatening Movement to Tie Up City's Food
Supply Failed.

Another European strike situation, and
one which is proving more grave than any
other of the European situations, is partially
described in the following item from the
New York World :

Paris. — Although the long-threatened strike of
the food-producing trades has been rather a
puzzle, there are signs that the general discon-
tent may soon break out into a struggle that
would make Paris more exciting than gay.

Thus far, the bakers have started the fight to
"tie up" the city and make the dwellers therein
feel the power of the demands of those that serve
them. They had only partial success, where com-
plete success was necessary to make the impres-
sion desired. Bread was not scarce even for one
morning, and in most quarters of Paris the ovens
are turning out the same golden brown loaves,
in the same quantities, and made by the same
hands as before. This is a sad showing for the
solidarity requisite for any successful demand by
the men of any trade.

The union bakers had their "Entertainment
Committees," although the idea expressed in that
title has not yet taken hold here. Some of the
striking bakers, on leaving work, poured axle
grease into the dough for the morrow's baking.

In one place, where strike-breakers took the
places of the union bakers, a picket stationed to
dissuade "scabs" from entering the shop was
outwitted and finally he saw the outsiders at
work. Enraged, he bought some vitriol and hurled
it through a small ventilating window. The vi-
triol was aimed at the dough, but accidentally
it hit the naked shoulder of a workman who
was kneading it.

May Make Bread Cleaner.

Apart from their fear that there is really a
serious and even a famine-breeding strike com-
ing, Parisians are disposed to welcome the trouble,
for it has led many master bakers to install ma-
chinery for bread making.

The bread of Paris is famous the world over
and is excellent to the palate. Nevertheless, it
is made by exactly the same process that is de-
picted upon the Egyptian frescoes that date back
thousands of years. The naked and perspiring
workers are doubtless picturesque enough, but
a look at them preparing one 's food is not exactly
appetizing nor does it suggest that the product
of their labor is essentially wholesome.

Frenchman Wants an Army of "Hooligans"
Organized for This End.

The gravity of the issue in France may
be gathered from the following from the
New York World:

Paris. — There is no possible doubt that society
in general here is becoming profoundly disgusted
over the repeated signs of discontent among the
proletariat, and the rumblings that foretoken an
upheaval of the established order. These signs
are showing every week more power in the move-
ment of the industrially discontented, and reveal
more clearly how dire may be the consequences
of refusing to listen to grievances which are
conceded to be real, however observers may differ
over the question whether they are or are not
made known through the artificial means of
agitators.

The revolutionary organs exult over the dis-
comfiture of the bourgeoisie and the capitalist.
Especially over the derangements of the cherished
little habits of these classes as a consequence of
even the, so far, futile strikes.

An interesting spokesman for the classes which
are disgusted by the recent labor disturbances is-
a doctor of laws named Leandri, who seriously
proposes to establish an organization to be known
as the "Hooligans of Good Order." He would
rally round him a body of citizens determined tO'
resist revolution by means of violence. He says :

' ' For long enough we have stretched our throats,
amiably for bandits and revolutionaries to cut
them. If the Government will not aid us, we-
will furnish our sections with the weapons needed
— with the liberating ritle.

"To those who promise us another Commune,,
and who threaten to shoot in the back all who
would defend the Fatherland, we promise on our
part a Commune the other way around. We must
set the pyramid on its base again ; we must call
to our aid all that people that works and respects
freedom. ' '

Dr. Leandri is a fiery Corsican who has beert
affiliated for years with Bonapartism. His fa-
mous "Sections" consist of one hundred Cor-
sicans whom he has gathered together in Paris.
He himself is not taken too seriously, but his
idea has been taken up by the anti-Government
organs.

The Liberte comes out with a proposition to
organize all society — bourgeoisie as well as aris-
tocratic— in a body pledged to resist the labor
movement peacefully and by combination, and to
replace all strikers with volunteers — in such
trades as electricity, gas, tramways, bakeries, etc.
— in fact, in all crafts whose continued activity
is essential to the normal conduct of a great eity_

THE PANDBX

739

JUSTIOE(?)

-^^.■/*''^^^

— Duluth News Tribune.

740

THE PANDEX

MAY ATTACK LABOR COMBINE

French Cabinet Considers Laws to Suppress
Confederation.

Governmental appreciation of the strike
situation is reflected in the following from
the New York Sun:

Paris, May 3. — An extraordinary Cabinet meet-
ing was held late to-night and the Ministers will
meet again in the morning. It is nnderstood
that the subject under discussion is the question
of passing a special law against the General Labor
Confederation.

A majority of the Ministers, it is said, consider
such a law unnecessary.

CUBAN CIGARMAKERS OUT

Twenty Thousand Employees of Havana Locked
Out and 100,000 Persons Affected.

The following from the Chicago Tribune
shows the labor uneasiness in one of the
American insular wards:

Havana. — The managers of the independent
cigar factories told their men at the conclusion
of work in the last week in April not to return,
as the factories had closed down. This locking
out of the independents cut off completely the
cigar output of the province of Havana. It af-
fects 13,000 eigarmakers and 7000 other em-
ployees. The estimated total of people affected,
counting the families of the workers, is 100,000.

There is some talk of a general strike effecting
all classes of labor, which would paralyze
business.

The eigarmakers issued a manifesto asking
(xovernor Magoon's aid.

COST OF LIVING SOARS

In Nine Years, From 1897 to 1906, the Increase
Aggregates 36.5 Per Cent.

Back of all the strikes and labor difficulties
undoubtedly is the condition set forth in the
following from the Chicago Daily News:

Washington, D. C, April 24.— Cost of living
in the United States reached the highest mark
in the history of the country last year. Wholesale
quotations on 258 representative articles investi-
gated by the Bureau of Labor of the Department
of Commerce and Labor show an average increase
in price of 5.6 per cent in 1906 over 1905, and
an average increase of 36.5 per cent over the cost
of the same commodities in 1897.

Not all commodities in the list examined by the
Bureau of Labor advanced in price last year. In
fact, thirty showed no change and fifty showed a
decrease. The other 178 articles advanced suf-
ficiently to offset all decreases and add 5.6 per
cent to the average price over 1905.

Farm Products and Drugs Decrease.

Divided into groups or classes under which they
properly belong in the enumeration of expendi-
tures, it is revealed that farm products and drugs
and chemicals were the only groups in which a
decrease in price was found in 1906. Food in-
creased in cost 3.6 per cent ; clothes, 7.1 per cent ;
fuel and lighting, .5 per cent; metals and imple-
ments, 10.4 per cent; lumber and building ma-
terials, 9.6 per cent; house furnishing goods, 1.7
per cent, and miscellaneous items, 7.4 per cent.
As an offset farm products fell in price one-half
of 1 per cent and drugs 7.2 per cent.

Changes in Food Prices.

Food as a whole increased in price in 1900
3.6 per cent, as compared with 1905. Out of fifty-
three commodities in this group, twenty-eight,
including cheese, fish, hog products, milk, rice,
and vegetables, increased in price; five showed no
change and twenty, including coffee, eggs, wheat,
flour, corn meal, beef, sugar, and tea decreased
in cost.

Big Advance in Clothing.

Clothing showed a marked advance almost all
along the line. Out of seventy-five different
grades of clothing no less than sixty-six in-
creased in cost, five showed no change, and only
four decreased. In the commodities under the
group of fuel and lighting, which in the aggregate
showed an increase of one-half of 1 per cent,
anthracite coal of domestic sizes, coke and petro-
leum advanced in price, while candles, broken an-
thracite coal, and bituminous coal decreased in
cost.

Metals and Implements Soar.

Metals and implements showed the heaviest in-
crease of any group. Of a total of thirty-eight
articles in common use twenty-nine, including
tools, barbed wire, copper, lead, pig iron, nails,
silver and tin plates increased in cost, seven ar-
ticles, including steel rails did not change in price
and in only two articles, bar iron and files, was
there any decrease in price. Under lumber and
building materials only three articles out of
twenty-seven — pine doors, linseed oil and quar-
tered oak — showed a decrease in cost compared
with 3905.

Among drugs and chemicals, in which nine com-
modities were under consideration, grain and wood
alcohol and brimstone increased in price, alum re-
tained the same price as in 1905 and glycerin,
muriatic acid, opium, quinine and sulphui'ie acid
' decreased.

Wooden Furniture Goes Up.

House furnishing goods as a whole went up
1.7 per cent, due principally to the increase in the
cost of wooden furniture. More than half the
articles in this group, including earthenware,
glassware and woodenware, did not change in
price, while knives and forks decreased in cost.

In the miscellaneous group, cottonseed oil and
meal, jute, malt, proof spirits, rope and starch

THE PANDEX

741

increased in price; soap and smoking tobacco re-
mained stable, while there was a decrease in the
cost of news and wrapping paper, rubber, and
plug tobacco.

Cost of MaMng That Counts.

The Government investigators also discovered
the relative increase in the cost of raw and manu-

factured products to be in favor of the prepared
product. Raw products, including all commodities
examined which had been subjected to only a pre-
liminary preparation for use, increased in cost
3.9. per cent over 1905, while manufactured prod-
ucts increased 6.1 per cent. The conclusion drawn
is that the cost of manufacturing labor constitutes
an important element in the price of commodities.

A Dreyfus Case In America?

LABOR LEADERS INSIST UPON THE CHARGE OF PERSECUTION AND
CONSPIRACY IN THE TRIAL OF MOVER, HAYWOOD AND
PETTIBONE AND THREATEN AN UNENDING AGI-
TATION FOR THEIR FINAL EXONERATION

BY ONE of those strokes of political fore-
sight by which the President so fre-
quently chagrins his friends and baffles his
enemy, the Chief Executive has managed to
bring to a crisis, almost, the entire labor
issue. Writing in answer to criticisms of his
letter in re Harriraan, wherein he classed
the great railroad operator in a group of
public men equally undesirable with Debs,
Moyer, and Haywood, he suddenly brought
out the covered fire of the zealots among the
labor people and disclosed to the country in
its full force the claim of the latter that the
Moyer-Haywood prosecution is but part of
a conspiracy of persecution.

MAY BE A DREYFUS CASE

Denver Editorial Writer Sees Serious Aspect to
Boise Trial.

The full consequences of the belief of the
labor zealots in the persecution aspect of the
Boise trials are suggested in an editorial by
Paul Thiemann, the able writer of the Den-
ver Post. Said Mr. Thiemann :

In going to the rescue, the labor leaders are
obliged to raise an issue. ... It has long
been their belief that the courts are in the con-
trol of the enemies of organized labor, and,
naturally, they raise that issue as the basis of

their championship of Moyer and Haywood.
. The whole thing has unfolded quite as
could be expected; there is nothing abnormal
about it ; the letter of President Roosevelt was
naturally seized upon to intensify the feeling
and add to the fuel of the bonfli-e ; and it looks
a good deal as if America is in danger of a
Dreyfus case. ... If Moyer and Haywood
are found guilty and sentenced to the peniten-
tiary for life it will become a Dreyfus case with
the substitution of the Socialists for the Jews
and the American courts for the French War
Department and the labor unions for the Drey-
fusards. ... It will become a national
political issue. . . . And that will be a
national calamity. . . . Many hope that
these men will be found guilty as a final blow
to Socialist labor violence. ... It may have
the very opposite effect. . . . For my part,
I earnestly hope these men will not be found
guilty.

CLASSED AS "UNDESIRABLE"

President Writes a Letter Which Stirs Up Much
Bitter Feeling.

The full text of the President's letter,

written to Honore Jaxon, the head of the

Moyer-Haywood propaganda at Chicago, is

as follows : '

"April 22, 1907. — Dear Sir: I have received
your letter of the 19th inst., in which you in-
close the draft of the formal letter which is to
follow. I have been notified that several dele-
gations bearing similar requests are on the way

742

THE PANDEX

hither. In the letter you, on behalf of the Cook
County Moyer-Haywood conference, protest
against certain language I used in a recent letter,
which you assert to be designed to influence the
course of justice in the case of the trial for mur-
der of Messrs. Moyer and Haywood.

"I entirely agree with you that it is improper
to endeavor to influence the course of justice,
whether by threats or in any similar manner.
For this reason I have regretted most deeply the
action of such organizations as your own in un-
dertaking to accomplish this very result in the
very case of which you speak.

"For instance, your letter is headed 'Cook
County Moyer-Haywood-Pettibone Conference, '
with the headlines, 'Death can not, will not, and
shall not claim our brothers.' This shows that
you and your associates are not demanding a fair
trial or working for a fair trial, but are an-
nouncing in advance that the verdict shall only
be one way, and that you will not tolerate any
other verdict. Such action is flagrant in its im-
propriety, and I join heartily in condemning it.

Indicated No Opinion.

"But it is a simple absurdity to suppose that
because any man is on trial for a given offense
he is therefore to be freed from all criticisms
upon his general conduct and manner of life. In
my letter to which you object I referred to a
certain prominent financier, Mr. Harriman, on
the one hand, and to Messrs. Moyer, Haywood,
and Debs on the other^ as being equally undesir-
able citizens. It is as foolish to assert that this
was designed to influence the trial of Moyer and
Haywood as to assert that it was designed to
influence the suits that have been brought against
Mr. Harriman. I neither expressed nor indicated
any opinion as to whether Messrs. Moyer and
Haywood were guilty of the hiurder of Governor
Steunenberg. If they are guilty, they certainly
ought to be punished. If they are not guilty, they
certainly ought not to be punished.

"But no possible outcome either of the trial or
the suits can affect my judgment as to the un-
desirability of the type of citizenship of those
whom I mention. Messrs. Moyer, Haywood, and
Debs stand as representatives of those men who
have done as much to discredit the labor move-
ment as the worst speculative financiers or most
unscruplous employers of labor and debauchers
of Legislatures have done to discredit honest
capitalists and fair dealing business men.

Denounce Men as Types.

"They stand as the representatives of these
men who by their public utterances and mani-
festoes, by the utterances of the papers they con-
trol or inspire, and by the words and deeds of
those associated with or subordinate to them
habitually appear as guilty of incitement to
or apology for bloodshed and violence.

"If this does not constitute undesirable citi-
zenship, then there can never be any undesirable
citizens. The men whom I denounce represent

the men who have abandoned that legitimate
movement for the uplifting of labor with which
I have the most hearty sympathy; they have
adopted practices which cut them off from those
who lead this legitimate movement. In every
way I shall support the law-abiding and upright
representatives of labor, and in no way can I
better support them than by drawing the sharpest
possible line between them on the one hand, and
on the other hand those preachers of violence
who are themselves the worst foes of the honest
laboring men.

Actions of Societies Denounced.

"Let me repeat my deep regret that any body
of men should so far forget their duty to their
country as to endeavor by the formulation of
societies and in other ways to influence the course
of justice in this matter. I have received many
such letters as yours. Accompanying them were
newspaper clippings announcing demonstrations,
parades, and mass meetings, designed to show
that the representatives of labor, without regard
to the facts, demand the acquittal of Messrs.
Haywood and Moyer. Such meetings can, of
course, be designed only to coerce court or jury
in rendering a verdict, and they therefore de-
serve all the condemnation which you in your
letter say should be awarded to those who en-
deavor improperly to influence the course of
justice.

"You would, of course, be entirely within
your rights if you merely announced that you
thought Messrs. Moyer and Haywood were 'de-
sirable citizens,' though in such case I should
take frank issue with you and should say that,
wholly without regard to whether or not they are
guilty of the crime for which they are now being
tried, they represent as thoroughly undesirable
a type of citizenship as can be found in this
country; a type which, in the letter to which you
so unreasonably take exceptions, I showed not
to be confined to any one class, but to exist
among some representatives of great capitalists
as well as among some representatives of wage
workers.

Indifferent to Condemnation.

"In that letter I condemned both types. Cer-
tain representatives of the great capitalists in
turn condemned me for including Mr. Harriman
in my condemnation of Messrs. Moyer and Hay-
wood. Certain of the representatives of labor
in their turn condemned me because I included
Messrs. Moyer and Haywood as undesirable citi-
zens together with Mr. Harriman. I am as pro-
foundly indifferent to the condemnation in one
case as in the other. I challenge as a right the
support of all good Americans, whether wage
earners or capitalists, whatever their occupation
or creed, or in whatever portion of the country
they live, when I condemn both the types of bad
citizenship which I have held up to reprobation.
It seems to me a mark of utter insincerity to fail
thus to condemn both, and to apologize, for

THE PANDEX

743

either robs the man thus apologizing of all right
to condemn any wrongdoing in any man, rich
or poor, in public or in private life.

"You say you ask for a 'square deal' for
Messrs. Moyer and Haywood. So do I. When

has been guilty of wrongdoing. I stand for equal
justice to both, and so far as in my power lies
I shall uphold justice whether the man accused
of guilt has behind him the wealthiest corpora-
tions, the greatest aggregations of riches in the

WHEN "FLAGRANT IMPROPRIETY" MEETS THE BIG STICK.

— Chicago Inter-Ocean.

I say 'square deal' I mean a square deal to every
one; it is equally a violation of the policy of the
square deal for a capitalist to protest against
denunciation of a capitalist who is guilty of
wrongdoing and for a labor leader to protest
against the denunciation of a labor leader who

country, or whether he has behind him the most
influential labor organization in the country.
"Very truly yours,

"THEODORE ROOSEVELT.
"Mr. Honore Jaxon, Chairman, 667 West Lake
Street, Chicago, 111."

744

THE PANDEX

MINERS ANSWER ROOSEVELT

Accused Men at Boise Issue Reply to President's
Letter.

In answer to the President, the accused
men at Boise issued the following public
statement :

Boise, Idaho, May 1. — A statement by Messrs.
Moyer, Haywood and Pettibone, indicted for
complicity in the murder of former Governor
Steunenberg, was made public to-night by Clar-
ence Darrow, of counsel. It is a specific denial
of their guilt and a criticism of the President
of the United States and the Governor of Idaho
for discussing the case.

It was anticipated that the letter would be a
direct answer to the recent "undesirable citi-
zens" communication of the President, but it is
rather in the nature of a general discussion of
the case.

The statement follows:

"We have been charged with killing former
Governor Steunenberg with a dynamite bomb.
Our trial is to begin on the 9th of this month.
The details of the assassination have been pub-
lished broadcast throughout the civilized world
for more than a year. During all this time the
press of the country, especially of that section
of Idaho where we will be placed on trial, has
bitterly denounced us and the Western Federation
of Miners, to which we belong. The most power-
ful interests of the country are seeking to take
our lives.

Charge Perjury and Conspiracy.

"We were not in Idaho for years before the
crime was committed. Under the law we could
not be extradited from Colorado. But in spite
of this we were arrested on a perjury affidavit,
charging that we were in Idaho at the time of
the commission of the crime, and that we im-
mediately fled from the state, and on this per-
jured affidavit, known to be false, the Governors
of the two states of Idaho and Colorado kid-
naped us in the night time, refused us an inter-
view with family, friends, or counsel, or a chance
of appeal to the courts, and brought us on a
special train a thousand miles from home and
into a state and community systematically pois-
oned against us by newspapers and officials. We
have been confined in jail for fourteen months
against our protest, and denied bail while con-
stantly demanding a trial. Every effort has
been made to teach the farmers, business men,
and workingmen of the community that we are
assassins and outlaws.

"After all this time our case is about to be
reached, and the President of the United States,
in no way interested, officially or otherwise,
sends two letters broadcast over the country
charging us with guilt and crime. These are

republished in every paper in the land, and es-
pecially every paper in Idaho.

Criticise President and Governor.

' ' The Governor of Colorado, a day or two later,
adds his words of spite and venom to those of
the President, and says that we are not only
guilty of the crime charged, but many others,
too. While the President of the United States
and the Governor of Colorado are sending out
their statement to compass our death, the Judge
of this county has brought a citizen before him
for contempt on the charge that he tried to in-
fluence the mind of a prospective juror by say-
ing that 'the state administration was trying to
railroa:d us.' On the appearance of this man in
court the Judge promptly told the state's attor-
ney that he should have this obscure farmer in-
dieted for felony because he tried to influence
the mind of a prospective juror. The President
knows how much greater weight will be given
to his words than those of an obscure private
citizen.

"If we are about to be tried in court every
law abiding citizen, however great or humble,
should do everything in his power to cool the
passions of man rather than add fuel to the
flames. If we are to be thrown to the mob the
officers should at least open our prison doors
and give us some chance to defend ourselves."

ACCUSE PRESIDENT OF CONSPIRACY

Declared to Be Power Behind Mine Owners and
State to Send Men to Gallows.

Scarcely had President Roosevelt':? letter
got into the press when it was met with a
storm of denunciation, of which the follow-
ing from the Chicago Record-Herald is
typical :

President Roosevelt was pictured at a recent
meeting of the Chicago Federation of Labor as
the power behind the mine owners and state au-
thorities of Idaho and Colorado, who were de-
clared to be seeking the blood of Moyer, Hay-
wood and Pettibone.

In what was declared to be the most dramatic
speech ever heard on the floor of the central labor
body, J. Edward Morgan, a member of the West-
ern Federation of Miners, told of the alleged con-
spiracy to railroad to the gallows, regardless of
their guilt or innocence, the leaders of the
miners' organization in the West.

With all the skill of a trained orator Morgan
drew a picture so vivid and realistic of the
alleged wrongs the Western miners have suffered
at the hands of military authorities that many
of the delegates shed tears. At the close of his
speech resolutions denouncing President Roose-
velt for his attack on Moyer and Haywood were
adopted without a dissenting voice.

THE PANDEX

745

Strong Arm of Executive.

"G(Jd forbid that it is true," said Morgan,
"but it almost seems to be true that behind the
millions of Rockefeller and the Standard Oil
Company, behind the millionaire mine owners,
stands the strong arm of the chief executive of
the nation saying: 'Go to it. Fall upon your
prey like vultures, and I will sit by and grin
while you gurgle in their blood.' "

Morgan, who came to Chicago from Denver

organization forced a purse-proud class, frenzied
with power, to disgorge a large and still larger
share of their wealth. It secured better con-
ditions for the miners and their families. Now
the mine owners, backed by the state authorities,
are thirsting for revenge.

"I can see William D. Haywood, the man
who refused to be bought, who refused to bend
his knee in supplication- expiating on the gal-
lows his loyalty to the men he represented. I

NEXT!

-Los Angeles Times.

to collect funds for the defense of the accused
labor officials, gave a graphic description of the
deportation of union miners from the Telluride
and Cripple Creek districts and of the alleged
kidnaping of Moyer, Haywood, and Pettibone.

"For seventeen years," he said, "the West-
ern Federation of Miners with their blood blazed
the way for organized labor in the West. The

can see the black pall hanging over his head and
the vultures sitting around waiting to pounce on
their prey.

Miners Left on Desert.

"I have seen the gatling guns of the military

trained upon defenseless men and women. I

have seen union miners deported and left on

a desert without food or shelter. I have seen

746

THE PANDEX

the wives and daughters of those miners outraged
by a bnital soldiery, and now they want to crown
their infamy by the most damnable conspiracy
ever conceived in the brain of man.

"Why are the mine owners determined to
have the blood of Haywood at any cost. They
first tried to make pe^ee with him. They urged
him to give up the fight and let the deported
miners return to the mines as non-union men.
He replied that he would give up the fight when
they had killed the last member of the Western
Federation of Miners.

"They invited him to a banquet to sit at the
table with the men who had driven the miners
from the mining camps. They wanted him to
clink glasses with them. He replied that he was
afraid the wine would turn in his glass to the
blood of the wives and daughters who had been
outraged.

"It was then they hatched the conspiracy to
get him by other methods. After he was kid-
naped organized labor throughout the land raised
its voice in protest. They did not dare to hang
him then. But hang him they will unless the
working classes of the country rise up from ocean
to ocean and demand that justice be done."

'REDS" DENOUNCE ROOSEVELT

Parade and Demonstration by Moyer-Haywood
Sympathizers in New York.
Further evidence of the resentment of the
President's declaration was shown in the
following from the New York World :

Under red flags which were waved to the sing-
ing and band playing of the "Marseillaise,"
more than 3000 men, women, and children an-
swered the call for "a mass meeting of undesir-
able citizens to make a demonstration for Moyer
and Haywood" in Union Square recently.

They screamed their approval when speakers
shouted the name of "Spike Spear Teddy," "the
first black spot in the White House, " " the watch-
dog of the capitalists," "the blatant talker,"
"Teddy Bear."

With a single American flag floating in a color
riot of red, the lid was removed from lese majeste.

"If we can vote him out, we'll oust him,"
declared a young woman with a red band around
her hat and a crimson ribbon at her throat,
gesticulating above the upturned faces of an as-
semblage which extended from the northern
boundary of Union Square to the curb at Six-
teenth Street.

There were five bands which led the march to
Union Square, and the "Marseillaise" was the
only tune played. The biggest banner in the
parade bore in letters of red on a blackground
of funeral black the emblem of the Federation
of Anarchistic Groups, with the motto, "Through
Fight to Liberty." The Kiever Revolutionaries
■were there. Unity Club, the Socialist Unity Club,

the Shirtmakei-s ' and the Cigarmakers' Clubs,
the Federation of Moyer and Haywood Clubs,
the Irish Socialist Club and a dozen other organ-
izations. S. Moseowitz was chairman of the
meeting.

"This demonstration has a double sense," he
said. "It is in favor of Moyer, Haywood and
Pettibone, whom we call upon you to free. Do
not rest a moment until this is accomplished.

Cheers for Idaho Prisoners.

At mention of the names of the Idaho prison-
ers, the crowds cheered themselves hoarse. The
red flags were waved and the five bands struck
up the "Marseillaise" in unison. The enthu-
siasm was at white heat when Moseowitz in-
troduced Miss Elizabeth Gurley Flynn as "the
eloquent young Socialist of the Morris High
School."

"We are not parading to-day to be looked
upon as a lot of cattle by capital, but to take
unto ourselves what we are," the girl shouted.
"Our purpose is the same which Inspires our
Russian brothers.

"Beware of treacherous leaders. Sam Gomp-
ers sits with August Belmont upon the plat-
form of the Civic Federation. We can expect
nothing of the lieutenants of capital.

"The underlying reason why Moyer, Haywood,
and Pettibone were sent to jail is because they
formed a trade union that is not based on the
interests of capital. Moyer and Haywood were
true to the working class, and Teddy Roosevelt
knows it.

"From North and South the working classes
are awakening to the fact that they want to be
the 'undesirable citizens' of the land. Roosevelt,
the watchdog of the capitalistic class, does not
stand for us, the working class, the so-called
'rabble.' Roosevelt is a blatant talker for the
rights of workingmen, and that is as far as it
goes. The sooner the workingmen find it out
the better and the sooner they will begin to take
their own rights. Our wrongs will continue piling
up, and the Government will go on until we
overthrow the system and establish a co-operative
commonwealth."

RESUME OF THE GREAT CASE

Story of the Arrest of Moyer and Others and of
Orchard's Confession.

In the Washington Post was printed the
following resume of the Moyer-Haywood
case so far as it had been given to the public
up to the time of the beginning of the trial:

Boise, Idaho, May 4. — William D. Haywood,
secretary and treasurer of the Western Federa-
tion of Miners, will, on Thursday next, be placed
on trial, charged with the murder of former
Governor Frank Steunenberg, of Idaho. In all,

THE PANDEX

747

four men are in custody, charged with the same
ofEeuse. They are : William D. Haywood, Charles
H. Meyer, president of the Western Federation
of Miners; George A. Pettibone, a former mem-
ber of the executive board of the same organiza-
tion, and Harry Orchard, a member of the
federation.

Orchard, it is alleged, made a confession in
which he admitted that he killed the former
governor, and, it is alleged, implicated the other
men under arrest, together with others, as acces-
sories before the fact. Under the law of the
State of Idaho, while it is admitted that Hay-
wood, Moyer, and Pettibone were not in the
State of Idaho at the time of the murder, they
are charged with the actual murder, the conten-
tion under the statute being that they were on
the spot in spirit; that they planned and there-
fore compassed the death of Steunenberg.

Couer d'Alene Troubles.

In its main and lateral branches, the complete
history of the case extends back to the early
period of conflict between the union and non-
union miners in the Coeur d'Alene region, or
what is known as the Panhandle country of Idaho,
that narrow strip of mountainous country, rich
in lead and silver ore, under the shadow of the
great divide between Idaho and Montana.

The background to the Steunenberg case is
the momentous struggle in the Coeur d'AIenes,
extending over a period of seven years, and in-
volving the calling out of the State militia and
finally the dispatching of United States troops
by President McKinley to the scene of conflict
centering around the mining towns of Wallace,
Gem, and Wardner. To the part that Governor
Steunenberg played in those stormy days, an
example followed later by the Governor of Colo-
rado, the prosecution goes for motive and theory
charged against the accused.

It is alleged that for purposes of revenge,
as evidence of their unrelenting determination to
carry on a campaign of terrorism, to impress
with their power, daring, and loyalty, and to re-
tain the moral and financial support of some
32,000 followers, the members of an "inner cir-
cle" of the Western Federation of Miners,
planned and executed a long series of murders
and acts of violence, medieval in conception and
nihilistic in execution.

It is alleged that Harry Orchard and Steve
Adams, now under arrest, and charged with the
commission of other murders, were the hired
agents and actual executors of many of these
malevolent plots.

These crimes, it is alleged, can be traced down
through the last fifteen years, through the days
of the "bull pen," a stockade in which several
union miners were imprisoned in 1899 under
guard of United States troops ; again to the great
Cripple Creek strike, and more recently the pro-
longed struggle in Colorado. Geographically, the
action is confined chiefly to Colorado and Idaho,

but Montana, Utah, Nevada, and California are
also States in which were enacted portions of the
tragedy.

Orchard Ready to Testify.

Orchard lies in the Idaho penitentiary ready
to take the stand against Haywood. It is alleged
that Orchard will repeat his confession on the
witness stand, and as the chief witness for the
State will relate a stoi-y filled with plot and
counterplot, startling in developments and
execution.

Steve Adams also made a confession, and it
is expected that he will be one of the witnesses
for the prosecution, although Adams later, under
pressure of relatives, it is said, repudiated por-
tions of his statement.

Frank Stunenberg, who came from humble,
but masterful, stock, began life as a printer,
joined the Typographical Union, and through-
out the greater part of his life was in strong
sympathy with the cause and struggle of union
labor. This circumstance gives ground fqr an
important contention of the case. Upon the one
hand, it was argued, that because Steunenberg
refused to countenance, or, as governor, to per-
mit, violence in behalf of union labor, he was
stricken down as a traitor to his fellows by a
mind that never forgets and an arm that can
reach through years to strike when least ex-
pected. Upon the other hand, it is contended
that his well-known advocacy of union principles
made it at once improbable that his death was
procured by union men.

The murder of Steunenberg is a pivotal point
in the history of this case, the most remarkable
in American jurisprudence, for the events de-
velop backward and forward from his
assassination.

Assassination of Steunenberg.

Steunenberg was blown to death on the even-
ing of December 30, 1905. In the gathering
gloom of a stormy evening, he entered the side
gate of his yard at Caldwell, where, retired from
politics, he lived the simple life of a sheep farmer.
A bomb of peculiar manufacture, with a fish line
attached, was under the snow beside the gate.
The fish line was also fastened to the gate. As
Steunenberg entered, the opening of the gate
sprang the trigger of the bomb. He was terribly
mangled, being blown nearly fifteen feet from
the gate. He lived nearly an hour, was con-
scious, and spoke, but his ruptured ear drums
were dead to sound, and he died, without know-
ing what had killed him. He asked his wife
who had shot him, and the mystification of his
eyes showed that he could not hear her reply.

The explosion of the bomb aroused not only
the little town of Caldwell, but the whole State
of Idaho. Orchard had murdered Steunenberg, ^
and before the day was over he was suspected.
He had gone to Caldwell from Denver as Thomas
Hogan, and variously represented himself to be
an insurance man, a buyer of sheep, and a

i-iS

THE PANDEX

gambler. A search of his room in a hotel re-
vealed the first definite evidence, and on Janu-
ary 1, 1906, he was arrested. Orchard's trunk
revealed more evidence, and then a score of wit-
nesses told of seeing him at various times lurk-
ing about the Steunenberg home with Jack Simp-
kins, a member of the executive board of the
Western Federation of Miners, who had not been
caught, watching the Steunenberg house with
field glasses, and making inquiries as to Steunen-
berg's movements.

Orchard, when asked at his preliminary ex-
amination if he wanted counsel, said that if news
of his arrest was published abroad, counsel would
promptly be on the ground to advise him.

Subsequently "Hogan" was identified by the
Colorado police as Harry Orchard, wanted on
the charge of blowing up the Independence, Colo.,
railroad station, and upon this identification he
admitted that Hogan was an assumed name, and
that his real name was Harry Orchard.

Murderer Expects to Die.

In the meantime, the case had passed into
the hands of the Pinkerton detective agency, and
James McPartland, famous for his part in the
Molly MacGuire affair, assumed charge of the
inquiry. McPartland procured what is said to be
a free and full confession from Harry Orchard,
who had been removed from the jail at Caldwell
to the penitentiary in Boise for safe keeping, as
feeling ran high against him in Caldwell.

Orchard's confession has never fully been
made public, but it contains an alleged admis-
sion of participation in nearly thirty murders,
and that Orchard charges Haywood, Moyer, and
Pettibone with having induced him to commit the
crimes and having paid him an agreed cash sum
for each.

It is alleged that Orchard's confession has been
amply confirmed ; that he will go upon the stand
and will freely repeat it, with the full knowledge
that when his turn comes for trial he will be con-
victed and executed. It is said that Orchard
desires to make a clean breast of his past, and
he is quoted as saying that he desires to clear
the whole thing up, "before I am executed."

The prosecutors believe that they can corrobo-
rate the confession in all its most important as-
pects. It is alleged that Pettibone was an expert
on explosives and that he, Moyer, and Hajrwood
jointly plotted the crimes.

On February 17, 1906, Haywood, Moyer, and
Pettibone were arrested in Colorado and imme-
diately brought to Idaho. The arrest was made
by Idaho officers. The governor of Colorado
honored the requisition of the governor of Idaho,
but there was no judicial proceeding in Colorado,
a circumstance that led to a long and bitter
contest.

The affidavit charging that the men were in
the state of Idaho at the time of the murder be-
ing admittedly false in fact, though true as com-
pliance with the letter and spirit of the statute,
according to officers of the State, gave rise to
widespread discussion as to the propriety of the

action of the two States involved. Then through-
out the country went the cry that the three pris-
oners had been kidnaped in defiance of all con-
stitutional rights. This phase of the question
was later tested by means of writs of habeas
corpus, and an application to the United States
Supreme Court, the result being a victory for the
state of Idaho.

THal Will be Hard Fought.

There have been various preliminary legal pro-
ceedings in this case in Idaho, and much delay
due to one cause or another. The most important
proceeding has been a change of venue taken re-
cently from Canyon County to Ada County on
application of the defense, on the ground of
prejudice.

Special counsel for the state of Idaho and the
officers and detectives connected with the prose-
cution have maintained silence as to the case,
and little is known publicly as to its details.
Progress will be contested at every point by an
alert group of strong counsel for the defense.
It is thought by many lawyers that the fate of
the case here and in the higher courts hinges on
the admission or rejection of certain evidence. A
specific murder is charged, and the confinement
of the evidence to that crime may exclude many
features of the general conspiracy set up in the
story.

The defendants deny their guilt most posi-
tively, and in turn assert that they are the vic-
tims of a" gigantic conspiracy as daring in con-
ception and act as the one alleged against them.
Their attorneys have withheld their plans, but it
is generally believed that they will set up the
theory that the plot and instigation for Steunen-
berg's murder came from their old enemies, the
mine owners. They will probably seek to show
that Orchard made his confession in the hope
that he would save himself under promise of
immunity, and that the revenge feature is an in-
vention to give plausibility to an impossible tale.

CAREER OF HONORE JAXON

Has Risen From Indian Camp to Become Labor's
Counselor.

Because the President of the United States re-
cently addressed a letter to him concerning the
Moyer-Haywood case, Honore Joseph Jaxon is
immediately in the public eye. This, however, is
the least of his claims to celebrity, for, owing to
his activities since young manhood, he has ac-
qured sufficient experience to make him an entire
melodrama, with the addition of a few stage
settings.

Honore Joseph Jaxon was bom May 3, 1861,
a nomad, in Jaxon 's buffalo camp, within sight
of Woody Mountain, somewhere between Mon-
tana and the Northwest Territory. Jaxon claims
kinship with the Metis, the mixed people of the
Northwest, although he is less than half Indian,
and has in his veins the combined bloods of the
.Welsh, Scotch, English, French, and Spanish. He
was reading an ancient history at five years, and

THE PANDEX

749.

at ten was well along in the schools of Toronto.
He graduated from the high school and entered
the university. Here he won honors and led his
class in Greek and Latin.

Louis Riel, the great leader of the outbreak of
1869-1870, was the boy's hero, and he longed for
the time when the exile should return to his own.
It came just before the young man graduated.
Riel was called, trouble was brewing in the
Northwest Territory, and Jaxon, just out of his
teens, started for the land of his father. He was
made secretary of the great council of the Metis,
and from that day he deserted books as his main
study and turned to men and things.

In January, 1885, Chapleau, secretary of state
for Canada, wrote to Jaxon stating that the
Metis' petition would receive proper attention.
But war was precipitated. The battle of Batoche
was fought in May of that year and in November
Riel was hanged.

Jaxon had been captured and was decorated
with ball and chain. He was pegged to the
ground and introduced to the "spread eagle."
He was taken from Regina to Fort Garry, the
military prison, from which he escaped and
finally, after nights of tramping and days of
hunger, crossed the line into the United States
at Pembina, N. Dak. Here he was kidnaped and
started toward the north once more. Again he
escaped by jumping from a moving train, and
reached Crookston, Minn. He reached Chicago
January 22, 1886.

In the spring of 1886 came the carpenters'
strike. Six thousand men went out and the treas-
ury capital was about $800. Jaxon had become
known as a university man and was assiged the
duty of writing the pronunciamentos.

An idea of the man's manner of talk is given
in the following comment on President Roose-
velt's letter in answering criticisms heaped upon

him for classifying Haywood and Moyer with
Harriman as "undesirable citizens":

"As to President Roosevelt's argument it im-
presses me as an unconscious, but none the less
masterly, plea in confession and avoidance. In-
adequate as it is, however, so far as meeting the
real issue is concerned, it must unfortunately be
admitted that it represents precisely and accu-
rately the view of that element of middle-class
money makers whose understanding of the
wrongs and trials of the people who toil with
their hands is of a Boeotian density.'.'

FEDERATION TO EXPEL JAXON

Writer of Letter to President Not Kindly Re-
garded by Laborites.

Chicago. — Aggrieved and hurt because Honore
Jaxon, member of the two-man Canvassers' and
Solicitors' Union, was able to stir President
Roosevelt to an expression of opinion with re-
gard to the desirability of Haywood and Moyer
as citizens, when it had failed to obtain any
recognition by the President of telegrams', reso-
lutions, and communications addressed to him
with eloquence and fervor, the Chicago Federa-
tion of Labor, with seventy-five thousand mem-
bers, has determined to remove Jaxon and his
fellow member, T. P. Quinn, from further oppor-
tunity and temptation to pernicious activity in
union labor circles by expelling them from the
Federation and reducing them to the ^ank of
plain citizens.

The Federation feels that it is a reflection
upon its importance in the field of labor and a
detraction from its dignity to have Jaxon rec-
ognized by the chief executive of the land when
it was pointedly ignored.

750

THE PANDEX

wmwK (g@reTo i

THE LAST RESORT.

— Philadelphia North American.

New Spirit Among the 'Changes ?

NOTABLE SPEECH BY A RAILROAD PRESIDENT — ACKNOWLEDGES
THE FORMER UNLIMITED AMBITIONS OF THE FINAN-
CIERS AND DECLARES ROOSEVELT PROBABLY
NOW THE RAILROADS' BEST FRIEND

THAT the attitude of the labor leaders re-
flected in the editorial of this month
was not entirely without ground in the
real and underlying facts of the times will
suggest itself upon reading the following
from the Pittsburg Dispatch. It is a com-
paratively complete report of a notable
speech by M. E. Ingalls, one of the greater
railroad presidents of the country. In it Mr.
Ingalls exemplifies the new spirit that has
come over the financiers and the industrial
captains, the spirit of candid dealing with
the public.

"Hysteria Americana" — with the railroads
of the country as the victim of the mental delu-
sion of the people and a faintly drawn inference
that President Theodore Roosevelt is their coun-
sel, was the manner in which M. E. Ingalls,
chairman of the board of the Big Four Railroad,
sized up the death blow that has been struck the
secret compact, rebates, and free transportation
problems of the railroad companies throughout
the United States by the Inter-State Commerce
Commission at the Pittsburg Traffic Club ban-
quet on April 26. It was in reality the answer
of ail the railroads to their critics.

In an address on "The People and the Rail-
ways " Mr. Ingalls claimed that those who had
been deprived of the free transportation they
had enjoyed so long were the loudest in their

THE PANDEX

751

murmurs against the passenger service, and those
who had grown fat and sleek on railroad rebates
were the first to blame the railroads for their
losses when the Interstate Commerce Commission
acted. He strove earnestly to show that in the
end it was the common people who had decried
rebates and free rides, and that the railroads
should not be blamed and that they should be
permitted to enter into secret compacts. His
address was loudly applauded.

M. E. Ingalls, of Cincinnati, chairman of the
board of the Big Four Route, was the first
speaker introduced by the toastmaster. "The
People and the Railways" was the subject as-
signed to him on the program, and he introduced
his address by reviewing the history of railroads
from their inception to the present time. He
said in part :

In 1815 there was a change in the progress of
the world. For centuries previous to then the
nations of the earth had been engaged in warfare
trying to destroy each other. By the battle in
June, 1815, on the plains of Belgium, peace was
secured to the world and men had time to turn
to the peaceful industries of life and accumulate
fortunes and apply their energies to something
besides battles and war. As a result, bv 1830 the
civilized world had recuperated its- strength and
was ready for an advance. This came in the
discovery and initiation of steam railways. Hith- ,
erto it had been slow plodding — countries were
weak, and shipping and transportation slow and
expensive. And then the locomotive was built
and put in service, and a new era dawned. For
more than fifty years from that time it was one
steady advance and progress. Communities were
wild to secure a railway, the brightest minds of
the country devoted their attention to building
them, and the surplus capital of this country,
especially, was invested from year to year in de-
veloping and perfecting a system of transporta-
tion by steam. Situated as this country was,
with a wide expanse of territory, railways were
not only a blessing, but a necessity. States and
towns and people demanded them. Nothing was
asked, no favors but what were granted, if the
people could secure thereby a railroad. Lands
were given in unlimited quantities. Towns,
cities, and states loaned their credit. The coun-
try swarmed with promoters with whom the
various communities made contracts to give them
rights of way; to give them lands; to give them
state bonds, county bonds, town bonds, city aid —
anything they asked — if they would build them
a railway. In very few cases were questions
asked as to the rates demanded. No limit was
put upon the amount of bonds and stocks that
should be sold.

Large Railway Mileage.

The result was in time the country had a large
railway mileage, which had been constructed
under this plan. The contractors sold out the
bonds and stock at any price that they would
bring and the newcomers came into control of
the railways with an endeavor to earn dividends
and interest upon these securities. Then the
people saw that they had given away valuable

privileges without any limitations and they began
to look around them and see how they could re-
cover some of their lost rights. The result was
the Granger legislation, in which the people took
the ground that the railways were public corpo-
rations; that they were created by the State and
subject to the control of the legislatures. On the
other hand, the owners and managers claimed
that they were like private corporations and
could be managed independent of public control.
The Granger suits lasted for some years, but in
the end the decisions were in favor of the people
— that the railways were public institutions and
could be controlled by legislation.

At that time investors, especially in the East,
were in much greater alarm than to-day. I re-
member quite well hearing people talk who had
invested in the stocks and bonds of railways in
Illinois, Wisconsin, and other western states say-
ing that their investment was lost; that they
were being ruined by legislation. And yet after
the people secured the power they sobered up
and the persecution ceased. The corporations
made money and there was nothing of the ruin
that was threatening.

Reviewed Secret Contracts.

Mr. Ingalls then reviewed the secret contracts
and pools by which competition was avoided,
business divided, and rates secured, and which
led to the passage of the Interstate Commerce
Law in 1886. He declared that railroads in all
parts of the country entered into pools, but when
the Interstate Commerce Law was passed all
such arrangements were ended and the railroads
tried to conduct business by agreement under
that law. He said these agreements worked well
for a year or two and then competition resulted
in a system of rebates of tremendous proportion
in which published tariffs were disregarded and
it became a struggle for existence among the
different lines.

He said that in 1895 the situation had become
so acute that a few railroad officials thought
something must be done or the end would be
bankruptcy, as the business of the country was
being conducted on special rates. He reviewed
the meeting in New York of the lines north of
the Ohio and east of the Mississippi which re-
sulted in the "Joint TratTic Association Agree-
ment," which he declared was drawn with a
struggle to comply with the Interstate Commerce
law. He added that no one thought for an in-
stant that there was any danger from the Sher-
man law and added that the author himself had
told him that it did not aoply to railroads. He
then reviewed the struggle in the courts after
the agreement was held to be a violation of the
Sherman law, but it was finally decided by the
highest court in the land that there was no au-
thority for railways to make an agreement for
the maintenance of rates.

Secret Agreements Were Made.

Mr. Ingalls declared that various secret agree-
ments were made and that more business was
done on secret rebates and contracts than on

752

THE PANDEX

public tariflfsj with a resulting shrinkage of rates.
He added that millions and millions of dollars
were paid out without voucher or receipt. Con-
tinuing, he said :

In the meantime, owing to the taxation of rail-
way securities in the. different states, the secu-
rities of the railways had drifted to Wall Street
and were controlled by cliques who used them
perhaps not for the investment so much as for
counters in the great game of speculation that
they were playing. In 1899 some six or seven
of these men, in the hope of swinging the rail-
ways and the business of this country, conceived
the idea, which was dubbed "The Community of
Interests," that they would buy the controlling
interest in practically all the railways of the
United States, and thereby produce a joint own-
ership, and through it a maintenance of rates.

Skeletons Laid Bare.

If this had been conducted with moderation
and the profits from it used to develop the rail-
way line it might have stood somewhat longer,,
but after it had been going a short time the
chief men got into a struggle among themselves
for the control of certain lines, and the skeletons
in their closets were laid bare so that the public
understood what was being done. Instead of im-
proving their lines some of them spent a large
part of their income and credit in buying other*
lines and increasing their dividends so that the
prices of their stocks could be sold better here
and abroad, and all these things caused so much
dissatisfaction among people that it finally took
form in the celebrated Northern Securities case.
If it had not been for that suit a few men would
have controlled the great transportation interests
of the country, and while they would have main-
tained rates, they would have made and unmade
statesmen; would have controlled Congress and
legislatures, and in the end no one knows what
the result would have been.

In 1905 it was determined to make a further
effort to oppose legislation. I tried with what
powers of persuasion I had among railway offi-
cials in control to induce them to give up their
opposition and join it with the people and obtain
lesjislation giving certain powers to the Interstate
Commerce Commission, and also giving certain
rights to the railways. The railways persisted
in their old fight and were beaten. Drastic legis-
lation in favor of the people was 'lassed — nothing
in favor of the railways.

Unfortunately, just as this legislation was
passed, the spirit of reform seized upon certain
railway owners and managers and they decided
that the caistom of giving free transportation and
passes to certain officials and certain people had
been wrong and should be changed, and that no
more passes should be issued. The result was
that many public officials, many members of Con-
gress, of legislatures, felt for the first time that
they had been accepting unwittingly bribes in the
past in the shape of the customary pass, and
they were angry. The railway officials made up
their minds that rebates must cease — that the
public had decided that they were illegal and

criminal. What was the result? Many of the
shippers who for years had been getting fat upon
rebates and who felt that they had an inherent
right to receive them forever found they could
not get them, and they were angry, not with the
law, but with the railways. Men who had been
riding upon free transportation found it denied
to them, and they were incensed. And the result
is the railways are prone upon their backs, with
no friends. An investigation had taken place
as to the conduct of, the life insurance companies
in New York and a system of rottenness and low
morals in corporate management had been dis-
closed, and this added to the flame against cor-
porations; and in the latter part of 1906 and up
to the present there never was a great interest
that was so weak, so abused, and so helpless as
the railway interests. No one dares to raise a
voice in their defense. Shippers who have grown
fat with rebates turn up their faces in scorn at
the railways which have made them rich. The
men who have received favors and free trans-
portation are the loudest in preaching reforms
and regulation of railways. In fact, I think it
is pretty near true what the President says —
that he is about the best friend they have.

Declares End Has Come.

After reviewing the conditions that made re-
bates necessary, Mr. Ingalls continued :

It has been a long fight — it has been a long
time in which public opinion has been getting
educated, but, as I have stated, the end has come.
There is to be in the history of this country no
more secret contracts, no more rebates, no more
free transportation.

Now, what of the|J;.f uture ? And it is one of
the most important questions that the American
Republic has ever faced. You may abuse the rail-
way men — you may by chance force into bank-
ruptcy railway lines, but you can not wipe out
the great transportation industry, the great busi-
ness represented by the railways, without destroy-
ing the business of your country. There is noth-
ing else that I know of that so permeates the
life, the health, and the happiness of the nation
as its transportation interests. Over a million of
men are employed directly by the railways; at
least five millions are employed by the railways
and the companies which are subsidiary and pro-
ducers for the railways. Twenty millions of peo-
ple, or one-fourth of all the inhabitants of this
land, are dependent for their daily bread, their
health, and happiness, upon the prosperity of the
railways.

Therefore, he is a very careless man and no
lover of his country who joins the crowd of dema-
gogues who to-day are howling and abusing the
railways. Your Congress, your legislatures, your
courts, must consider that this is an enormous
question and one of those which goes to the very
vitals of the life of the country. If the present
condition of affairs is prolonged it means panic;
it means suffering; it means dull times, long
hours, and poor wages for the working people.
Never is the country so prosperous as when the
railways are prosperous. The talk that tariffs

THE PANDBX

753

must be reduced ; that the railways are charg:ing
too much, is the most foolish of all. Your rail-
way rates are less than those of any country
known to civilized man. A trifling reduction
which you would be able to get would not secure
happiness or comfort to the great mass of people,
but might cause great suffering to those very
same ones. It might mean a trifling sum of
money to some shippers, but it would be produc-
tive of loss to the great mass of workingmen.
If you can get public rates and the same rates

ployees are to read daily in the newspapers and
the magazines and to listen to the speeches of
public men saying that the men over them are
unworthy of confidence — are wicked and crimi-
nals ? Uo you suppose you can abuse the man-
agers and still 'have the ordinary trainmen or
employees loyal? No, all this must stop.
"The Great White Father."
Neither can you settle the condition of the rail-
ways by different people and different managers
running to Washington and claiming the protee-

WILL THEY GET THE ANSWERS OUT?

— Indianapolis News.

to all that is what you need. What you desire
for the good of the country at large is more good
tracks, good equipment, and good service ; and
you can only get them by allowing the railways
to charge fair prices for their services.

You have to trust your lives daily to the em-
ployees of the railways — to the men who manage
down to the lowest employee who flags at the
crossing. Are you willing to trust your lives to
this large class of men whom you abuse continu-
ally? Do you suppose you can have the railways
run without accidents if the great mass of em-

tion of the President. In fact, we have got so
hysterical and frantic that we seem to appeal to
the President for almost everything, like the
peasants of Russia. When we find a train late
we say we will write the "Great White Father"
in Washington and he will regulate and correct
it.

I admire the stand taken by the president of
the Pennsylvania Railroad, when he said he had
no cause to go to Washington to confer with the
President — that his company desired to obey the
law. This is what all the railways must do —

754

THE PANDEX

submit to the law. This is the first sine qua non.
You must decide and indicate that your railways
shall be managed according to the law. Wall
Street must learn from the bitter experience of
the last few months that the railways are not
playthings — that their securities are not counters
in the game of speculation, and that they are
entitled to legitimate dividends.

The burden of the work, however, of educating
the people, is on the railway officials. The resent-
ment of the politicians in time will die away; the
shipper will soon forget that his right to receive
rebates was not inalienable and that the railways
at least have not wronged him in stopping them;
the members of Congress and legislatures who
have been so accustomed to the free use of trans-
portation that the purchase of a ticket seems like
flying in the face of Providence, will find that it
has been decreed by the people, and not by the
railways, that they must receive no more free
transportation, and they will in time stop abus-
ing the railways for this change.

You must manage your railways so as to pla-
cate the public. While being conservative and
protecting your interests, you must give the pub-
lic the consideration that is due them. You
must reason and explain your situation to Con-
gress, to legislatures, to city governments, to
commercial bodies. Above all, you must make
your doings public; you must show (what I be-
lieve it is perfectly easy to show) that the rail-
ways of this country are not over-capitalized ;
that not for an instant could they be produced
for their present bonds and stocks.

Above all things, the Interstate Commerce
Commission at Washington must be strength-
ened; its numbers should be enlarged; the salary
of its members should be increased; it should be
filled with the ablest men of this country and
you must cultivate them and act in harmony with
them and show that you want nothing that is
wrong, but want and must have your rights.

I believe in time your position, instead of being
looked upon as one of disgrace, as it has been
for the last year, will gradually get back into the
public esteem until you will be looked upon, as
you ought to be, as the best in the land— as the
men on whose judgment and exertions the public
prosperity of the country depends. You have
only got to be honest and to your own selves
true, bearing for a little while the abuse and con-
tumely of the present, and the future will be
yours.

Must be Harmonized.

By patience and time the legislation of Con-
gress and of the states in reference to the rail-
ways must be harmonized. It will not do to have
forty-six states passing forty-six different acts.
So far as it is possible all legislation in reference
to rates should be left to Congress, but the states
should exercise their full power as to repairs and
the condition of the property, et cetera. Above
all, you must have legislation giving you authority
to contract and make agreements between your-
selves which can be enforced. These agreements
must be public, and, in case of complaint, passed
upon by the Interstate Commerce Commission.

You must have leg:islation providing that no new
railways shall be built or new stock and bonds
issued except with the approval of the Interstate
Commerce Commission. I know this will cause a
storm among some railway promoters, but, gen-
tlemen, you have got to submit and you might as
well make up your minds now that you are no
longer a private industry, and he who is not pre-
pared to manage his railway as a public institu-
tion in accordance with law should resign and
seek other business.

A new evangel must be preached in reference
to the railways; they must be placed upon a
higher plane and instead of beins" considered by
the ordinary people as pariahs they must be con-
sidered by all as benefactors.

You would think to-day from the interviews
emanating from Wall Street that the railways
were ruined ; you would think from the interviews
of the politicians and the demagogues that rail-
way honor had departed from this earth ; you
would think from the interviews that you read
in foreign papers, where probably the wish is
father to the thought, that the day of American
expansion and development had gone — that we
were unable to manage large affairs — but if you
are faithful to your trust; if you have patience;
if you have integrity, as I believe you have, you
will outlive all these attacks, all these severe
criticisms, and see a better day dawn for the rail-
way interests in this country, and for yourselves
as managers of those interests.

'GET THERE."

Graft, and the world grafts with you;

Toil, and you toil alone;
For the rich of the earth must get their worth

While others pay the toll with a groan
Bow, and the "magnates" praise you;

"Kick" — an anarchist you are;
For the supple knee the rich love to see .

But frown on justice's war.

Get cash, and men will laud you

Fail, and they turn the head;
If you can buy folly, with you they're jolly;

But do not ask them for bread.
Buy wine, and sycophants flatter;

Buy beer, and you're a cheap skate;
With music and light, they'll stay up all night,

Otherwise, you 're alone with your plate.

Dance, and the crowd applauds you;

Limp, and you're in the way;
An automobile will giye you the field;

Walk, you can go — where you may.
There is room for the man who "gets there";

No matter what road he runs;
But he who balks at getting what "talks,"

Is the chap the whole world shuns.

— Wall Street Bulls and Bears.

THE PANDEX

755

Echoes of the Thaw Case.

THE LAW JUGGLER.

A performance in almost any court in America when there is an important criminal case on hand.

— International Syndicate.

A Tale In Cartoons.

756

THE PANDEX

THE WHOLE THING OVER AGAIN.

—Pittsburg Gazette Times.

THE PANDEX

757

SPLASH.

-Detroit Journal.

758

THE PANDEX

'IF THE NEXT THAW JURY IS COMPOSED OF PEOPLE WHO HAVE NOT READ ABOUT

THE CASE."

— Chicago Tribune.

THE PANDEX

759

MUST I WADE THROUGH IT AGAIN?

—New York World.

760

THE PANDEX

A PROPOSED STATUE OF MR. CARNEGIE FOR THE PEACE PALACE.

— New York Times.

PEACE, PRESS, AND DIPLOMACY

ARBITRATION CONFERENCE AT NEW YORK EXCITES WIDESPREAD
ATTENTION— EDITOR STEAD EXERTS STRONG INFLUENCE-
SECRETARY ROOT SAYS DIPLOMACY HAS BECOME
SUBORDINATE TO PRESS— GERMANY'S
ANOMALOUS POSITION

ONE of the reasons why it is deemed nec-
essary by the heads of the American
Government to prevent Labor assuming an
attitude that will virtually amount to civic
insubordination is that the international posi-
tion of the United States has become so criti-
cal as to require all the country 's pf wer and
craft. Not that there is any peril of war.
or that there is any grave danger of political
enmities or of the loss of commercial pres-
tige such as usually precedes the decline of
a nation politically ; but that in the new
drift of nations away from the crimes of

war and the excesses of military ambition,
the United States has assumed a leadership
and can retain such leadership only by the
maintenance of an internal unity and an
averting of the class feeling which is always
subversive of national strength.

THE PEOPLE SUPERIOR TO DIPLOMATS

Secretary Root Declares That the Affairs of
Nations Are Shaped by the Press.

As Secretary Root has shown, with his
characteristic far-sighted political pereep-.

THE PANDEX

761

tion, the government of political affairs has Washington, D. C— In one of the most remark-

, , , If ^T. I. J i! II! ■ 1 able speeches ever delivered by a responsible

been taken out of the hands of ofiScial repre- American statesman, Secretary of State EHhu

sentatives and returned to the people, to be Root, at the opening meeting of the Society of

expressed and directed bv means of wh^ is International Law, declared that the day when

^ ..v. diplomats could keep or break the peace ot the

known as public opmion. Therefore, the ^orld has passed forever, and that through the

MARS— "TALK ABOUT YOUR PINK TEAS!"

-Detroit Journal.

attitude of the Labor section of public opin- myriad press the people of all nations call to one

ion becomes of exceptional importance, another in amity or defiance rendering treaties-

^ ., , T^, ., n , , • -vT ., . • a waste of paper and diplomacy the empty

Said the Philadelphia ^orth American, re- ^^^^^j^^ ^j ^^/-^ f^^^_

porting Mr. Root:

The significance of such a declaration coming

762

THE PANDEX

from the man who stands next to the President
of the United States can not be overestimated.

To use President Roosevelt 's own words : "No
man in the country is better fitted to speak for
the Government, no man has a keener or more
practical fashion or with a nobler disinterested-
ness of purpose used the national power to fur-
ther the day when the peace of righteousness and
justice shall obtain among nations."

With all the weight which his authority must
lend, Mr. Root solemnly declared that the people
themselves, and not the governments, now make
for peace or war.

A Great Peroration.

In closing his address, in which he outlined the
society's objects, as mainly to train the public
in international affairs, he said :

"It is hard for democracy to learn the Respon-
sibility of its power; but the people now, not
governments, make friendship or dislike, sym-
pathy or discord, peace or war, between nations.
In this modern day, through the columns of
the myriad press and messages flashing over
countless wires, multitude calls to multitude
across boundaries and oceans in courtesy or in-
sult, in amity or in defiance.

"Foreign offices and Ambassadors and Min-
isters no longer keep or break the peace, but the
conduct of each people toward every other. The
people who permit themselves to treat the people
of other countries with discourtesy and insult
are surely sowing the wind to reap the whirl-
wind, for a world of sullen and revengeful hatred
can never be a world of peace.

"Against such a feeling treaties are waste
paper and diplomacy the empty routine of idle
form. The great question which overshadowed
all discussion of the Japane-se treaty of 1894 was
the question : Are the people of the United
States about to break friendship with the people
of Japan? That question, I believe, has been
happily answered in the negative."

The people make for peace or war in these
days, Mr. Root declared, an3 not governments.
In this connection he pointed out the ill effect of
anti-Japanese sentiment, but said that at no time
in the recent agitation was there ever danger of
war with Japan.

People the Beal Diplomats.

Leading up to his discussion of the Govern-
ment's rights over those of the States in dealing
with the Japanese, Mr. Root touched upon the
changes in international practices within a cen-
tury. Said be:

"Coincident with that change, diplomacy has
ceased to be a mystery, confined to a few learned
men who strive to give effect to the wishes of per-
sonal rulers, and has become a representative
function answering to the opinions and the will
of the multitude of citizens, who themselves
create the relations between States and determine
the issues of friendship and estrangement, of
peace and war. Under the new system there are
many dangers from which the old system was
free.

' ' The education of public opinion, which should

lead the sovereign people in each country to un-
derstand the definite limitations upon national
rights and the full scope and responsibility of
national duties, has only just begun. Informa-
tion, understanding, leadership of opinion in these
matters, so vital to wise judgment and right ac-
tion in international affairs, are much needed.

"This society may serve as a collegium, in the
true sense of the word, in which all who choose
to seek a broader knowledge of the law that
governs the affairs of nations may give each
to the other the incitement of earnest and faithful
study, and may give to the great body of our
countrymen a clearer view of their international
rights and responsibilities."

THOUGHTS OF THE PEACE PEOPLE

Kesolutions Adopted by the National Congress
Held in New York.

If. Mr. Root's view be correct, the follow-
ing set of resolutions passed by the unofficial
congress of peace advocates at "Washington
are apt to become extremely significant when
the official peace congress meets at The
Hague :

New York. — The National Arbitration and
Peace Congress adopted its resolutions recom-
mending among other things that The Hague
Conference shall hereafter be a permanent in-
stitution ; that The Hague Court shall be open
to all the nations of the world ; that a general
treaty of arbitration for ratification by all the
nations shall be drafted by the coming confer-
ence providing for the reference to The Hague
Court of international disputes which can not be
adjusted by diplomacy; that the United States
Government urge upon the conference action
looking to the limitation of armament; that the
conference extend to private property at sea, im-
munity from capture in war.

The resolutions speak highly in praise of Presi-
dent Roosevelt, Secretary Root, and the Prime
Minister of Great Britain for the stand they have
taken in favor of a settled policy of peace among
nations.

Text of the Resolutions.

The resolutions adopted by the congress
follow :

"Whereas, The nations, through the applica-
tion of scientific invention and discovery to inter-
communication and travel, have become members
of one body, closely united and interdependent
with common commercial, industrial, intellectual,
and moral interests; and war in any part of the
world immediately affects, both materially and
morally, all other parts, and undisturbed pence
has become the necessary condition of the pro-
posed well being and orderly progress of human
society; and

"Whereas, The Hague conference of 1899 made
a great and unexpected advance towards the es-
tablishment of peace by the creation of a per-
manent court of arbitration for the judicial set-
tlement of international disputes; and

THE PANDEX

763

"Whereas, The said Court of Arbitration, hav-
ing adjusted four controversies, in which nearly
all the prominent powers were participants, has
become a fixed and well-recognized means of set-
tling international disputes, though its operation
is only voluntary; and,

"Whereas, The principle of international com-

two, have been concluded, stipulating reference to
The Hague Court for five years of all disputes of
a judicial order and those arising in the inter-
pretation of treaties, and

Public Opinion Is for Peace.
"Whereas, Public opinion in favor of the
pacific settlement of controversies has made ex-

WHAUE'S YOUR TEDDY ROOSEVELT NOO?

missions of inquiry, provided for in The Hague
Convention, has proved itself one of great prac-
tical efficiency, as illustrated in the Anglo-
Russian North Sea crisis; and,

"Whereas, More than forty treaties of ob-
ligatory arbitration between nations, two and

-New York World.

traordinary advance since the first Hague con
ference, and, as recently declared by the Br*'
Prime Minister, 'has attained a practical r
and a moral superiority undreamt of '
and
"Whereas, The States of the W

764

THE PANDEX

phere, through the action of the third Pan-
American Congress and the reorganization of the
International Bureau of American Republics,
have reached what is virtually a pei-manent
union, destined henceforth to wield a mighty in-
fluence in behalf of permanent peace ; and

"Whereas, The first Hague conference,
though it failed to solve the question of reduc-
tion of armaments, for which it was primarily
called, unanimously recommended to the powers
the serious study of the problem with the view
of relieving the people of the vast burdens im-
posed upon them by rivalry and armaments;

"Resolved, By the National Arbitration and
Peace Congress, composed of delegates from
thirty-six States, That the Government of the
United States be requested, through its repre-
sentatives to the second Hague conference, to
urge upon that body the formation of a more
permanent and more comprehensive international
union for the purpose of insuring the efficient
co-operation of the nations in the development
and application of international law, and the
maintenance of the peace of the w'orld.

Hague Conference to Be Permanent.

"Resolved, That to this end it is the judg-
ment of this congress that the governments
should provide that The Hague conference shall
hereafter be a permanent institution, with rep-
resentative nations meeting periodically for the
regular and systematic consideration of the in-
ternational problems constantly arising in the in-
terest of nations, and that we invite our Govern-
ment to instruct its delegates to the coming con-
ference to secure, if possible, action in this
direction.

"Resolved, That as a logical sequence of the
first Hague conference. The Hague Court should
be open to all the nations of the world.

"Resolved, That a general treaty of arbitra-
tion for ratification by all the nations should be
drafted by the coming conference, providing for
the reference to The Hague Court of international
disputes which may hereafter arise, which can
not be adjusted by diplomacy.

"Resolved, That the congress records its in-
dorsement of the resolution adopted by the Inter-
parliamentary Union at its conference in London
last July that in case of disputes arising between
nations which it may not be possible to embrace
within the terms of an arbitration convention,
the disputing parties, before resorting to force,
will always invoke the services of an interna-
tional committee of inquiry, or the mediation of
one or more friendly powers.

"Resolved, That our Government be requested
to urge upon the coming Hague conference the
adoption of the proposition, long advocated by
our country, to extend to private property at
sea the same immunity from capture in war as
now shelters private property on land.

"Resolved, That the time has arrived for de-
cided action toward the litigation of the burdens
of armaments, which have enormously increased
since 1899, and the Government of the United

States is respectfully requested and urged to
instruct its delegates to the coming Hag^e con-
ference to support with the full weight of our
national influence the proposition of the British
Government, as announced by the Prime Minister,
to have, if possible, the subject of armaments
considered by the conference.

"Resolved, That the Congress highly appre-
ciates the eminent services of President Roose-
velt in bringing The Hague Court into successful
operation, in exercising his good offices for re-
storing peace between Russia and Japan, pre-
venting, in co-operation with Mexico, a threat-
ened war in Central America, and in initiating,
at the request of the Interparliamentary Union,
the assembling of a second international peace
conference at The Hague. It congratulates him
upon the reception of the Nobel Peace Prize as a
just recognition of his efficient services for peace.

"Resolved, That the distinguished services of
Elihu Root, Secretary of State, to the cause of
international peace and good will during his re-
cent vists to the South American capitals, and to
Canada, be accorded the grateful recognition of
this Congress.

"Resolved, That we thank the Prime Minister
of Great Britain, Sir Henry Campbell-Banner-
man,i for the noble stand which he has taken in
favor of a settled policy of peace among the
nations, and of a limitation and reduction of the
military and naval burdens now weighing upon
the world.

"Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions
be sent by committee of this Congress, to be
chosen by the presidents of the Congress, to Presi-
dent Roosevelt, to Secretary Root, and to each
of the United States delegates to the forthcom-
ing Hague conference."

WOMAN'S PLEA FOR PEACE

Active Part in the World's Movement Shown in
New York Meeting.

An important phase of the New York
peace congress was the following, as de-
scribed in the New York Evening Post:

Women had the center of the stage at the
fourth session of the National Peace and Arbi-
tration Congress in Carnegie Hall. That fact
seemed in no wise to detract from the interest
in the gathering and the assemblage which
greeted the women speakers was limited only
by the capacity of the auditorium.

From the topmost galleries to the front row
of the orchestra were women, more than four
thousand of them — club women, society women,
business women, and the home woman.

A ripple of applause greeted Miss Jane
Addams, head of Hull House, Chicago; Mrs.
Lucia Ames Mead of Boston, and Mrs. May
Wright Sewall, when they appeared upon the
platform a few minutes late. They took seats

THE PANDEX

765

on the left of the stage. On the other side of
the stage were Mrs. Ellen M. Henrotin, ex-
president of the General Federation of Women's
Clubs, Chicago; Miss Mary E. Wooley, president
of Mount Holyoke College ; the Rev. Anna Shaw,
and others. The Rev. Anna Garlin Spencer of
Providence, R. I., presided.

deemed it best for her not to try to come to New
York.

Julia Ward Howe's Letter.

Although Mrs. Howe could not be present, she
sent a letter which was read as follows:

"It is now thirty-seven years since the Franco-

TRYING TIMES FOR THE CUBAN

PATRIOT."

— Chicago Record Herald.

The audience missed from the group of dis-
tinguished personages on the stage the aged
Julia Ward Howe, who, it was hoped, might be
present with Mrs. Sewall as the other guest of
honor. But inasmuch as Mrs. Howe will be
«ighty-eight years old in May next, her friends

Prussian contest brought to the civilized world
a fresh impression of the ruin and desolation of
war, and ever since then women have united in
crying: 'Justice shall rule mankind — justice ad-
ministered by wise councils, not by armies.'
' ' Deeply penetrated with this persuasion, I pub-

766

THE PANDEX

lished an 'Appeal to Womanhood Throughout the
World,' and crossed the ocean to add what per-
sonal weight I could to my daring message. Here
and there a sisterly voice responded to my ap-
peal, but the greater number said : ' We have
neither time nor money that we can call our own.
We can not travel, we can not meet together.'
And so my intended peace congress of women
melted away like a. dream, and my final meeting,
held in the world's great metropolis, did not
promise to lead to any important result.

"What has made the difference between that
time and this? New things, so far as women
are concerned, namely, the higher education now
conceded to them, and the discipline of associated
action, with which later years have made them
familiar. Who shall say how great an element
of progress has existed in this last clause? Who
shall say what fretting of personal ambition has
become merged in the higher ideal of service to
the state and to the world? The noble army of
women which I saw as in a dream, and to which
I made my appeal, has. now come into being.
On the wide field where the world's great citizens
bend together to uphold the highest interests of
society, women of the same type employ their
g^fts and graces to the same end. Oh, happy
change ! Oh, glorious metamorphosis. In less
than half a century the conscience of mankind
has made its greatest stride toward the control
of human affairs. The women's colleges and the
women 's clubs have had everything to do with the
great advance which we see in the moral effi-
ciency of our sex. These two agencies have been
derided and decried, but they have done their
work.

"If a word of elderly counsel may become
me at this moment, let me say to the women here
assembled : ' Do not let us go back from what
we hav^ gained. Let us, on the contrary, press
ever forward in the light of the new knowledge,
of the new experience. If we have rocked the
cradle, if we have soothed the slumbers of man-
kind, let us be on hand at their great awakening,
to make steadfast the peace of the world. ' ' '

COLLEGES JOIN IN THE PLEA

Noted Educators Urge the Universities to Work
for End of War.
Still another important phase of the same

convention was set forth in the Chicago

Record-Herald as follow^s:

New York. — That intelligence, knowledge, and
culture are the things which the universities can
contribute to the cause of universal peace was
the consensus of opinion of the college presidents
who spoke at Carnegie Hall at the university
meeting of the peace congress. A half-dozen
college presidents, including representatives of
the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, spoke
.to college men in the interest of the movement,
■and showed them what they could and should do
to advance the cause of universal peace and the
■ emancipation of Christendom from the curse of
\war.

Vice Chancellor Roberts of Cambridge Uni-

versity and Pro Vice Chancellor Rhys of Oxford
were the two foreign educators who spoke. Presi-
dent John Finley of the City College of New
York was an American representative in place
of President Eliot of Harvard and President
James of the University of Illinois, who were
unable to be present. Dr. Felix Adler of Co-
lumbia also spoke, and President Butler of the
same university presided.

At the Carnegie Hall meeting President Butler
of Columbia said :

"The participation of the institutions of higher
learning in this congress was inevitable. Of all
modern institutions, the universities stand first
and foremost as responsible representatives of
the highest ideals of the people. Their task is,
in part, by introduction, in part by research and
publication, and in part by example to manifest
the significance of civilization, to extend and
uplift it.

"Recently on this platform poor use was made
of a noble sentiment, 'infamous the nation which
does not sacrifice everything for her moral in-
tegrity,' said the speaker, and he interpreted this
as an excuse and foundation for expressions in
favor of wanton militarism. He misinterpreted
the real feeling of the people for whom he pre-
sumed to speak. It is a full generation since the
nations of Western Europe- have stained their
hands with war against each other. At no time
in history has economical and industrial progress
been so rapid as during the era of peace. Be-
lieve me, the moral integrity of a nation is
shown not by surrender to militarism, but stern
resistance to it."

MRS. EDDY GETS NEW TITLE.

Asked by Peace Congress to Act as Its Fondateur
— Her Reply.

The possible play of religion in the peace

movement was suggested in the tribute paid

by the congress to the founder of Christian

Science. Said the New York American:

John D. Higgins, clerk of the First Church of
Christ Scientist, has received an interesting let-
ter from Mrs. Mary Baker G. Eddy in regard to
her appointment as fondateur of the Association
of International Conciliation.

The letter follows:
Pleasant View, Concord, N. H., April 22, 1907.

First Church of Christ Scientist, New York
City, John D. Higgins, Clerk.

My Beloved Brethren : — Your appointment of
me as fondateur of the Association of Inter-
national Conciliation is most gracious. To aid
in this holy purpose is the leading impetus of my
life. Many years have I prayed and labored
for the consummation of "On earth peace, good
will toward men. ' ' May the fruits of your grand
association, pregnant with peace, find their
birthright in Divine Science.

Right thoughts and deeds are the sovereign
remedies for all earth's woe. Sin is its own
enemy. Right has its recompense even though it
be betrayed. Wrong may be man's highest idea

THE PANDEX

767

JOHN BULL— "LET 'IM ALONE! YOU'RE MAKING 'IM NERVOUS!"

— Detroit Journal.

of right until his grasp on goodness grows
stronger. It is always safe to be just.

When pride, self and human reason reign, in-
justice is rampant. Individuals, as nations, unite
harmoniously on the basis of justice, and this is
accomplished when self is lost in love — in God's
own plan of salvation. "To do justly, and to
love mercy and to walk humbly," is the standard
of Christian Science.

Human law is right only as it patterns the
Divine. Consolation and peace ai'e based on the
enlightened sense of God's government.

Lured by fame, pride or gold, success is danger-
ous, but the choice of folly never fastens on the
good or the great.

Because of my rediscovery of Christian Science,
and honest efforts, however meager, to help

human purpose and peoples, you may have ac-
corded me more than is deserved — but 'tis sweet
to be remembered.

Lovingly yours,

MARY BAKER G. EDDY.

BRITAIN AND SPAIN TO BE ALLIES

Agreement of Vast Import Reported as Outcome
of Meeting of Rulers.

Outside of the deliberate peace movement
under the name of peace, the increasing
tendency of nations to make alliances is a
potent factor in the movement away from

768

THE PANDEX

wars. One of the most recent alliances was
thus described in the Minneapolis Journal :

Madrid. — The meeting of King Alfonso and
King Edward at Cartagena, according to the
Correspondencia de la Espana, which says it has
diplomatic authority for the story, resulted in the
perfection of a far-reaching understanding for
the purposes of war and peace. Everything con-
cerning Morocco was ratified, everything in ref-
erence to the general European situation was dis-
cussed, and the basis was formulated of an agree-
ment which is now in the hands of the
diplomatists.

The outcome, according to the Correspondencia,
is the result of the competition between Ger-
many and Great Britain for an understanding
with Spain, in which Great Britain has scored all
along. The Correspondencia represents Great
Britain as agreeing in effect that if Spain would
allow Spanish naval ports to be used by Britain's
fleet, the latter would help Spain in the con-
version of her existing debt, British squadrons
would guarantee the security of the Spanish
coasts; the Spanish land forces would, if neces-
sary, be allies of the British, and the British
forces would be at the disposal of Spain should
the latter need them. Spain's obligation under
the agreement would be to put her arsenals in
order and to fortify her ports.

DID ROOSEVELT MEAN GERMANY?

French Read Special Significances Into His
Peace Conference Letter.

For a long time the popular impression
has prevailed that the militarism of Ger-
many is the greatest possible menace to the
world's peace. The following, therefore,
from the New York Sun is of interest:

Paris. — To whom had President Roosevelt ref-
erence in the depths of his thoughts when he
wrote that civilized nations holding a peace con-
ference ought not to place themselves by dis-
armament at the mercy of those less civilized
which remain under military despotism? There
are people in France who would like to know,
but while waiting to be told, they not altogether
unwillingly surmise that the President referred
to Germany.

It is freely acknowledged that he had no bad
intention, but the possibilities of his phraseology
in the way of equivocal meaning are not lost
sight of among people who are accustomed to
reading diplomatic hints of governmental tend-
encies in the speeches of conspicuous political
leaders.

Then, again, didn't President Roosevelt follow
up the first phrase with another equally preg-
nant when in explaining himself he declared that
only bad could come of depriving peaceful na-.
tions of the means to resist the aggression of bel-
licose peoples? Anyway, there are writers who
dare to affirm that President Roosevelt's thought
has not found the kindliest welcome in Berlin,

even though the same conference which he ad-
dressed later acclaimed the sugared words of
Andrew Carnegie, who set himself to dress the
wounds to Teutonic pride.

Mr. Carnegie is not entirely original, however,
in divining in the Kaiser the dictator of the
world's peace. On April 12 the Sieele said that
if the Emperor William wished the maintenance
of the peace of the world he had but to say a
word or make a gesture and The Hague confer-
ence would offer him the opportunity. Continu-
ing the discussion of the New York confer-
ence, the Sieele says evei-ybody knows that it
is the Emperor William's laudable ambition to
play a great role in the world and that he ought
to be believed. He is of too fine a spirit to im-
agine that a sovereign's greatness is necessarily
the outgrowth of military conquest. At various
times he has shown pacific tendencies. Now he
has merely to wish it to assure himself of the
gratitude of all people and before posterity the
most enviable of glories.

CARNEGIE WRONG, SAY GERMANS

But Von Buelow Sees Danger of War in the Mere
Discussion of It.

The popular conviction as to Germany was
voiced at the Peace Congress and drew forth
a tart reply from the Germans themselves.
Said the New York Times:

Berlin. — There was a general debate on Ger-
many's foreign relations in the Reichstag re-
cently and, incidentally, Andrew Carnegie's re-
cent reference to the decision between war and
peace being in the hands of Emperor William
was criticised and classed as a distortion of facts.

At the opening of the debate speakers of
various parties pointedly suggested to the Impe-
rial Chancellor, Prince von Buelow, that Ger-
many should take no part in the discussion of
the limitation of armaments at The Hague Peace
Conference.

The Chancellor, in reply, said that Germany
did not object to letting other powers discuss the
matter, but Germany would hold aloof. This
statement was received with approval by the
House. Continuing, von Buelow referred to the
recommendation of the first Peace Conference at
The Hague that the powers study the question
of the limitation of armaments.

"Germany," the Chancellor added, "has com-
plied with this recommendation, but has not
found a formula which takes into account the
great diversity in the geographical, economic, and
military position of the various states, or one
which would be calculated to remove those diver-
sities and serve as a basis for a treaty.

"I am also unaware that other countries have
been more fortunate in discovering such a
formula. So long as there is not even a hope for-
a satisfactory solution of this question, and no
method for its practical application exists, we
can not expect anything from its discussion at a
conference. On the contrary, the danger is that.

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7(i!t

770

THE PANDEX

an undesirable effect may be produced by arous-
ing divergent interest."

The Chancellor claimed that the mere prospect
of a discussion of the question of the limitation
of armaments had a disquieting effect upon the
international situation. He then remarked :

"Germany's abstention from the discussion of
the question does not mean that she cherishes a
secret desire for war, or that she is actuated by
military ambition or other selfish motives. Other
powers feel the same way as Germany regarding
the limitation proposition, and many friends of
peace in France, Great Britain, Italy, and the
United States think it would not serve the cause
of peace to give way to illusions and lose sight,
of realities.

"Germany hitherto has secured peace by keep-
ing in readiness for war. This policy has been
proved to be a wise one. We never once misused
our military strength, and never will. Many
persons have advised us to take part in the dis-
cussion of the limitation of armaments in order
to show Germany's good-will, since nothing can
come of the matter in any way. But Germany's
peaceable policy has been a sufficient answer to
all the aspersions which have been made.

"Germany does not wish to prevent other
powers from discussing the limitation of arma-
ments. If some practical result is reached by
such a discussion Germany will conscientiously
examine whether it harmonizes with the protec-
tion of her peace, with her national interests, and
with her special situation."

The Chancellor called attention to the fact
that his position in the m-atter under discussion
was indorsed by speakers representing all the
parties in the House, and added:

"Supported by this unanimity, Germany will
show by her actual course at The Hague that she
sincerely favors all efforts calculated to practic-
ally promote peace, civilization, and humanity."

GERMANY AGAINST THEORIES

In Sympathy With Peace MoTement But Insists
Upon Practicabilities.
Color was further loaned to the anti-
peace impression of Germany by the official
utterance reported in the Chicago News as
follows :

Berlin. — "It is too early to forecast develop-
ments at The Hague peace conference," said Am-
bassador Speck von Sternburg to The Daily News
correspondent. "It is doubtful whether at the
present time of deliberation and exchanges of
views any power has definitely determined its
program for the conference. Germany will be
found to be cordially in sympathy with all really
practical measures looking to the preservation of
the world's peace.

"An extended application of the principle of
arbitration, making it still more generally avail-
able, is foremost among the practical steps
whereon substantial progress can be made. Let
favorable action be taken upon this and some
other important questions similar to those re-

cently touched upon By President Roosevelt and •
Secretary Root, but especially the larger applica-
tion of the arbitration principle, the other prob- •
lems and incidental questions would settle them-
selves in due course."

It is through a program of this character
rather than the undertaking of plans not now
capable of realization, as Ambassador Stern-
burg's opinion shows, that the efforts toward
peace will be directed.

CONCESSIONS TO GERMANY

Points in the New Tariff Agreement — Export
Prices to Rule.
On the other hand, the sincerity of Ger-
many's desire to avoid international clashes
and hostilities is exemplified in the tariff
treaty recently negotiated with the United
States. Said the New York Sun, outlining
the treaty:

Berlin. — According to the Lokalanzeiger, which
is probably well informed, the chief customs con-
cessions made by the United States in the new
German- American agreement are as follows:

The export price, not the market value, will be
taken as the basis of appraisement in the case
of foods exclusively intended for export or which
are only put on the home market in limited
quantities.

Statements as to the cost of production will
in the future only be demanded from consuls
when the customs authorities especially request
such statements.

The exporter will not have to appear personally
before a consul save for special reasons.

Invoices can be indorsed by a consul at the
place where the contract is made.

The power of a consul to demand that invoices
be sworn to is abolished, and in case of reap-
praisement the proceedings shall be in the pres-
ence of the parties interested or their
representatives.

TARIFF DISPUTE WITH FRANCE

Almost Exactly Similar to That Which Brought
About Treaty With Germany.

The value of the German-American tariff
action as a means of removing causes of un-
friendliness between nations is further ex-
emplified in the following from the New
York Sun:

Washington. — There have been developments
in the tariff dispute with France which make it
appear that the complaint of that Government
against the United States is almost exactly simi-
lar to that which Germany made some time ago
and which resulted m the recent concessions to
that country. M. Jusserind, the French Ambas-
sador, called at the Tteasury Department to

THE PANDEX

771

talk over the matter with Secretary Cortelyou,
and in doing so he acted on cabled instructions
from his Government. Although no statement
could be obtained after the interview, it is cer-
tain that this Government is on the verge of a
serious difference of opinion with the French
Government in regard to tariff matters.

The trouble began some time ago when the
French authorities, in the course of revising
their tariff regulations, imposed a duty on cot-
tonseed oil, an exclusive American product. It
was suspected at the time that France had be-
come uneasy on account of the rumored conces-
sions which the United States had made to Ger-
many and that the imposition of a duty on cot-
tonseed oil .was intended to be a hint to this
Government that similar concessions were
wanted by France.

BARRING A COMIC OPERA

Sullivan's "Mikado" Was Tabooed in London to
Save Japanese Feelings.

A semi-humorous aspect of the endeavor
of two nations to avoid offending each other
is afforded in the following from the New
York American :

London. — The curious prohibition of Sullivan's
opera, "The Mikado," was lifted into the dig-
nity of an international question recently.

The matter was brought before the House of
Commons, where the question was asked why
this particular opera had been banned from pro-
duction in London. In reply, Under Secretary
Runciman stated that while it was not the fact
that official complaint had been received from
Japan, it had been thought well, in view of the
growing entente between England and the East-
ern Island Empire, that the opera might better
be omitted from the list of the Savoy Theater
attractions.

Mr. Runciman added that it might as well be
understood that Lord Chamberlain had with-
drawn the license of the production of "The
Mikado," the prohibition affecting the provinces
as well as London, and that representations had
been made to the Colonial officials with a view
to prohibiting its production in the further parts
of the British Empire.

The whole proceeding is regarded not only as
one of the most extraordinary examples of Eng-
land's new-found tenderness not to offend the
susceptibilities of another nation, but as a still
more remarkable proof of the weight which Eng-
land puts on the retention of Japan's friend-
ship. It is another proof, too, of the impression
made by Japan's determination to be consid-
ered as a power whose slightest wish shall be
observed, and of England's haste to observe those
wishes.

All the truth, however, was not told in the
House of Commons. When Mrs. D'Oyly Carte
announced the revival of the Gilbert and Sulli-
van opera at the Savoy Theater — revivals which
are, by the way, nightly crowded — people won-

dered "The Mikado" was omitted from the list.
The Japanese Embassy was asked if Mr. Gil-
bert's ideas of the Mikado were considered of-
fensive, but the Japanese diplomats evaded the
question with & la^agh. The real mover in the
ban on the opC;ra is Prince Arthur of Connaugh.

It was Princl. Art'nur who took the Order of
the Garter to the Iftikado, and it was while the
King's nephew was in Japan that it was whisp-
ered discreetly to him the number of Japanese
who had seen the opera in England had been
deeply offended and had reported their impres-
sions to the Japanese court. The Prince was told
that notwithstanding Japan's modernity the
Japanese still clung to the ancient idea that the
Mikado, present or past, was a deity, and that
to see him as a jocose gentleman touched them
to the quick.

Prince Arthur mentioned the matter to the
King, the King in a roundabout manner had the
matter mentioned to Mrs. D'Oyly Carte, and she,
like a loyal Englishwoman and good manager,
cut out "The Mikado" from her list of revivals.

STEAD, DRUMMER OF PEACE

A Frank Talk With the Man Who Talks Frankly
With Royalty.

Explicit action by the press along the

lines mentioned by Secretary Root has been

shown by the famous British editor, W. T.

Stead, of whom the Philadelphia North

American had the following interesting

statement :

William T. Stead, self-appointed drummer of
peace, has been calling on the crowned heads of
the world to make known the never-failing vir-
tues of his altruistic nostrums.

No ambassador of commerce, forcing high-
priced wares upon reluctant buyers, could be
more aggressive, more plausible or more untir-
ingly eloquent than the much-misunderstood man
whose crusade culminated at the recent peace
conference in New York.

Mr. Stead looks younger than when I last
saw him some years ago in London. His beard
nc longer spreads out benevolently in patri-
archal fashion, but is trimmed to a point, im-
parting an appearance of vigor and youth un-
usual in a man on the verge of three-score years
who has led a life as strenuous as that of the
editor of the London Review of Reviews.

He was talking to Archbishop Ireland in the
lobby of the Belmont Hotel, and when the pre-
late rose, his tall, athletic figure towering over
the short, thick-set pacificator, I pounced upon
my prey, and, linking his arm in mine, asked
him to fulfil his promise to tell me how it felt
to talk to kings and emperors.

"Oh, very much as it feels to talk to you,"
came the quick response, "only they take more
pains to be polite than you do.

Has Seen Czar Five Times.

"I have seen the present Czar five times, and
I don't know of a more straightforward, friendly

772

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man, a more really charming human being; there
is not the least little bit of snide about him.

"When I first saw him he handed me a cigar-
ette, and lighted it for me ; not every one can say
that a Czar has lighted his cigarette for him, can
he? 6 ji-'

' ' When I last saw Emperov. Kteholas we talked
about peace and war, and he didn't seem to think
that it was always a good thing to be a peace
Emperor. He told me the Japanese war had
been made against his will, so you see even the
Czar of all the Russias does not always have
his own way.

• "He feels that if he had not tried disarma-
ment in Manchuria, if he had been really ready,
his forces would never have been attacked by the
Japs. When the first shot was fired Russia had
less than 35,000 men in Manchuria, and when
Japan learned that there was no truth in the
stories being sent out from the military head-
quarters in St. Petersburg about armies being
rushed across Siberia they called the bluff pretty
quickly.

"But perhaps the most interesting interview
I ever had with any Czar was with Emperor
Nicholas's father, Alexander III, in 1888. When
all England was singing the famous 'Jingo' song
and there were rumors that the Lion and the
Bear were about to meet in a great death strug-
gle, I determined to find out for myself just how
things stood, so I ran over to St. Petersburg and
had a good, square talk with the Czar.

Got What He Wanted.

"I got an audience, to the no small astonish-
ment of diplomats and newspaper men the world
over, and when I left the Czar's presence I car-
ried with me a comprehensive and definite exposi-
tion direct from the Emperor's own lips of the
policy he intended to pursue in relation to all
the questions in which England was interested.

"When I got through I just rose and thanked
the Czar, and said I would not detain him any
longer; you see, I knew the Empress had been
kept waiting for her lunch for an hour or more.

"When the British Ambassador heard of it he
was shocked beyond expression that I had dared
to stir from my seat before the Emperor gave the
signal to rise, but I never did know anything
about court etiquette. The Czar told the story
to the German Emperor afterward."

"No," continued Mr. Stead, in answer to my
question, "I have never been able to 'get' the
Kaiser. He has always fought shy of seeing
me.

"I have tried to reach him through every
means, lastly through Von Buelow, with whom I
had a long talk when in Berlin, but he won't see
me.

"Anyway, I wrote him a letter direct, and told
him that I was doubly sorry he wouldn't talk
to me, because I felt that if he had not had the
misfortune of being an Emperor he would have
made a first-class newspaper man.

' Kaiser as Newspaper Man.
"You see, the Kaiser really would have stood

right at the head of the profession if he had been
a newspaper man. He is aggressive, and has
ideas — lots of them, and puts them into execu-
tion, and there is just that dash of sensational-
ism in his methods that characterizes good news-
paper men the world over. He doesn't do things
like other men.

"But to get back to the rulers I have met.
Victor Emmanuel of Italy is almost as charming
a man as the Czar. He is strong for peace, and
told me that one of the best proofs that universal
peace was not the impractical Utopia some people
try to make it out, was the sentiment in favor
of peace so strongly manifest in the United
States, the people of which he thinks the most
practical and business-like on earth.

' ' Just as I was leaving. King Victor Emmanuel
grasped me by both hands and wished me God-
speed. 'God bless you!' he said, 'God bless you
for your good work ! ' "

The mention of King Edward's name elicited
a hearty ' ' Oh, I know him very well ! ' ' from Mr.
Stead, who, however, remarked that the ruler of
the British Empire "is not a genius."

King Edward, Man of the World.

He described him as a shrewd, good-hearted,
tactical man of the world, whose natural disposi-
tion it was to be friendly with every one. Anglo-
French entente Mr. Stead attributed great meas-
ure to the personal popularity of the monarch in
France.

"Of the other Kings I have met," said Mr.
Stead, "the King of Denmark, brother of Queen
Alexandra, is a true friend of peace, and a won-
derfully simple, good-hearted man. He strongly
favors woman suffrage, and was much interested
in the progress the movement is making in Eng-
land to-day.

"Then, there is Haakon, the new King of Nor-
way. He is the most straighforward, hearty
good fellow you can imagine, and those who know
him well say he has to keep on pinching himself
to remember he is a king. He is so frank, and
welcomed me so openly, that I have every faith
in the assurance he gave me that his one desire
was to live in peace with his neighbors, and never
to stain the ermine of his royal robes with blood.

"But of all my experiences in connection with
royalty, one of the most unique was my interview
with King Leopold, the Belgian King.

Leopold Told Him a Lie.

"As soon as I was introduced he began to
talk French, and when I told him that I did
not understand that language he said that the
interview could not proceed, as he did not speak
English. But I knew that was a lie, so I told
him that I felt sure if he could not talk English
he could understand it, and I just said every-
thing I had come to say.

"That interview lasted a full hour, and as the
King never even offered me a seat, we both stood.
He is a great big man, taller than you are. and
it was most uncomfortable, but I enjoyed it if
he didn't.

"When the Ambassador who had introduced

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773

me referred to the visit afterward, King Leopold
cut him short with, 'Oh that awful man, Stead;
he did make me sweat.'

"I can't describe King Leopold better than in
the words of Cecil Rhodes who was a great judge
of men. He said that 'there was no Jew^in
Europe as stingy and as tight-fisted as Leopold,
and his greed for gold has made his Congo one
of the sores of civilization.' "

We had long since reached Carnegie Hall, and
the conference was in full swing, but before tak-
ing my leave of Stead I asked him about himself.
He told me it was his fate to be misunderstood,
and that far from being the little Englander and
yelping critic he has been held to be by British
Imperialists, that he was in reality an apostle
of imperialism, but of imperialism qualified by
common sense and a due regard for the Ten Com-
mandments. He said he did not want to make
all men Christians, but to make all men Christs.
His idea is "The union of all who love in the
cause of all who suffer."

HOW PEACE MOVEMENT BEGAN

Bertha Suttner's Novel Is Said to Have Started
the Czar's Purpose.

It is interesting to recall under existing
circumstances how^ the official peace confer-
ence at The Hague had its beginning:

St. Petersburg. — The world peace movement,
the latest development of which was seen in the
Peace Congress in New York, was given its im-
petus, strangely enough, by the Czar, the auto-
crat of the most reactionary, most anarchistic
country on earth.

It was Prince Uchtomsky, editor of the St.
Petersburg Viedomosti, who inspired the Czar
with a desire to lead in peacemaking. The
Prince's clever story telling won him the Czar's
favor. He used to entertain his sovereign with
accounts of remarkable things he had seen and
heard in his extensive travels in the Orient.

One day, instead of telling a story, the Prince
rehearsed the plot and parts of Bertha Suttner's
novel, "Arms Down!" This interested the Czar
so profoundly that he requested Uchtomsky to
get for him the novel and all other good foreign
literature on the subject.

Books were ordered immediately and arrived
in due time. But the Russian censor, not know-
ing that they had been ordered for the Czar, con-
fiscated the whole lot.

Nicholas was very angry when he heard of it
and asked Uchtomsky to procure other copies
of the confiscated books, whieh he did.

The Prince then advised the Czar to consult
Prof. Martens, an authority on international law.

Martens was sent for and explained the great
obstacles in the way to a realization of peace.

This discouraged the Czar, who considered him-

self not wise enough to carry the project through
all those difficulties.

But the Czarina had been profoundly impressed
with the idea of universal peace, and she per-
suaded the Czar to go on as he had intended to
do. It is even said that she herself dictated the
note which 'was sent to the foreign powers in-
viting them to send delegates to the first Peace
Conference at The Hague.

When Pobiedonostseff, the hide-bound Procur-
ator of the Holy Synod, now dead, read the note
after it was made public, he said to Von Plehve,
then Minister of the Interior and afterward
assassinated :

"This is the greatest piece of foolishness ever
perpetrated by a Czar. It is contrary to the fun-
damental law of his own empire. We shall see
. that the fruits of this peace congress will be new
conflicts and wars caused by himself."

Pobiedonostseff then related some anecdotes of
Nicholas to fortify his assertion.

This conversation came to the ears of Alex-
ander Amfiteatroff, editor of the Russ, who
printed a satire based upon it.

This satire so enraged the Czar that he or-
dered its author severely punished.

The head of the police was summoned in the
night and obeying orders, he forthwith called Mr.
Amfiteatroff to his office, arrested him and
packed him off to Siberia without giving him a
chance to bid his wife good-bye. After long exile
Amfiteatroff reaped the benefit of a general
amnesty proclaimed and went to Paris, where he
now is the editor of a revolutionary magazine.

Nicholas's peace proposition gave him a cer-
tain popularity in Europe, but at home his sin-
cerity was measured by his refusal to receive the
Boer emissaries sent from the Transvaal to ask
him to exert his influence with England to make
peace with the South African Republic.

Immediately after the peace conference invita-
tion was published the students of many Russian
universities joined in a petition to the Czar to
grant peace and freedom to his own country be-
fore calling an international peace conference.
Most of those students were arrested.

It is remarked here by the cynical that one of
the sequences, if not a consequence of the first
peace conference, was the most disastrous war
Russia ever engaged in, the war with Japan.

MEXICO IN MOOD TO FIGHT

Almost Declared War with Guatemala Over As-
sassination of Barillas.

The narrow escape of the American conti-
nent from having a serious war in spite of
all efforts to perpetuate peace is shown in
the following from the Chicago Tribune :

Washington, D. C. — It is now Mexico and
Guatemala which are on the eve of war. No

774

THE PANDEX

sooner is peace arranged between Nicaragua,
Honduras, and Salvador than the president is
confronted with the rieed of further intervention
to prevent trouble between American states.

The Mexican government has threatened to
withdraw its diplomatic mission to Guatemala
and to give the Guatemalan minister in Mexico
City his passports unless Gen. Jose Lima, alleged
to have been implicated in the recent murder of
Gen. Barillas, the Guatemalan exile, is surrend-
ered to it for trial.

Barillas was the revolutionary aspirant for
the presidency of Guatemala, and President Cab-
rera of that republic is said to have wanted to
get him out of the way. Lima is the right hand
of Cabrera and is extremely popular with the
Guatemalan people. He went to Mexico City and
remained there until Barillas was assassinated,
and then returned to Guatemala. The two as-
sassins of Barillas were arrested and the Mexican
government, obtaining evidence implicating Lima,
demanded the latter 's extradition. There is no
treaty of extradition in force between Guatemala
and Mexico.

TURKEY CONCEDES OUR DEMANDS

Porte Issues Order for Settlement of Long-Pend-
ing Questions.

After almost infinite delay and procrasti-
nation, a possible cause of war for America
in Europe has been removed by the action
described in the following from the New
York Evening Post:

Constantinople. — The power of withholding its
consent to the increase of 3 per cent in the Turk-
ish customs dues has given the American Govern-
ment the leverage necessary to secure the Porte's
assent to a settlement of the long-pending ques-
tions between the United States and Turkey in
accordance with the wishes of the State Depart-
ment. The irade issued on May 3d, authorizing
the ministers to take action in the matter, was
quickly followed by a communication from the
Porte to Ambassador Leishman, in which the
Porte declared that the American schools and
other institutions for which official recognition
was demanded will hereafter be treated on the
same footing as those of other nations. All other
American demands are conceded, and all the ob-
stacles to a complete solution of the difficulties
which have e.xisted between the American repre-
sentatives here and the Porte for three years
seem to have been removed.

DENMARK'S PLACE IN WAR

Germany Wants Her to Fortify and Build up a
Strong Navy.

Copenhagen. — The correspondent of The Sun
learns on excellent authority that negotiations are
going on between the Danish and German Gov-

ernments concerning the disposition of the Dan-
ish army and navy in case of war.

Germany requests the concentration of a Dan-
ish army in Zeeland, new fortifications at Copen-
hagen, the establishment of a naval base in the
Great Belt and the expansion of both the ma-
terial and personnel of the navy.

The negotiations, which began during King
Frederick's visit to Berlin, are now nearly con-
cluded. In military circles it is considered that
the fulfilment of Germany's requests would have
the same effect as the Kaiser's favorite plan of
closing the Baltic. — New York Sun.

SUCCESSOR TO LORD CROMER

Sir Eldon Gorst, Egypt's New Ruler, Well Quali-
fied for Place.

London. — As the successor of Lord Cromer, the
man who for 20 years has been the real ruler of
Egypt, though nominally merely the British con-
sul-general there. Sir Eldon Gorst has a most
difficult post to fill. Lord Cromer found Egypt
almost ruined, her people desperate with suffer-
ing, her very existence in peril from the Der-
vishes; he leaves her in splendid prosperity, her
population increasing in numbers and happiness,
her finances established on a firm basis; her taxes
lightened ; her people freed from the tyrannies
that so long oppressed them. To maintain such a
high standard of achievement and carry forward
the work of Egyptian regeneration demands a
statesman of the highest caliber.

Sir Eldon Gorst does not lack admirers who de-
clare he will prove the right man in the right
place. In Egypt everybody speaks of him as
"Johnnie" Gorst. He went there when 26 as an
attache and rose rapidly through the diplomatic
grades. Great administrative talents and con-
spicuous social gifts commended him to Lord
Cromer and within an extraordinary short time
he had become under-secretary to the ministry
of finance, and again adviser to the ministry of
the interior. He was financial adviser to the
Egyptian government when in 1903 he was sum-
moned to London to assist the foreign office in the
negotiations which resulted in the Anglo-French
agreement that so largely contributed to giving
England a free hand in Egypt. His services
were rewarded by giving him one of the most
responsible positions in the permanent civil ser-
vice, that of under-secretary of state for foreign
affairs.

His selection as Lord Cromer's successor af-
fords a significant illustration of the difference
between English and American methods in mak-
ing appointments of great responsibility and
power. It was under a conservative government
that Sir Eldon won distinction and presumably
he is a Conservative. Yet it is a Liberal govern-
ment that makes him the new ruler of Egypt.
The question of his politics is not taken into con-
sideration. He is chosen for the task because he
seems the man best fitted by training, experience
and demonstrated capacity to fill the position
efficiently.

THE PANDEX

775

AND THEY ALL FIT!

— Chicago Inter-Ocean.

TAFT AND HUGHES

PRESIDENTIAL ISSUE NARROWING ITSELF TO A QUESTION OF TWO
MEN.— TAFT OVERWHELMING FORAKER IN OHIO.— HUGHES
MEETS FIRST BIG REVERSE IN NEW YORK.— PRESI-
DENT DECLARES HIMSELF FOR "POLICIES,
NOT MEN."

AT A TIME when Labor is playing so
strenuous a part in the civic body, and
when the country stands so critically before
the other nations, the question of who is to
succeed President Roosevelt becomes of al-
most unprecedented importance. Secretary
Taft, who is generally presumed to be Mr.
Roosevelt's personal choice, has against him
the prejudices reared by a decision once
given from the bench adverse to labor; but
on the other hand no statesman of the time
other than the President himself, has won
such credit and recognition abroad. Mr.
Hughes, the New York governor, thus far
appears to be the second choice or the second
likelihood, but he has nothing in his career by
w'hich to estimate his stand either with labor
or in the field of diplomacy, save that he has
recently brought upon himself the hostility
of Wall Street and has adopted the method
now grown popular with all classes, of ap-

pealing directly to the people for his support.
In this he has the advantage of Mr. Taft, who
has no specific issue other than his general
character with which to carry on a plebis-
cite. Both Taft and Hughes undoubtedly
stand for the carrying out of the general
policies of President Roosevelt.

STARTING A FALSE BOOM

Opponents of the President Lead the Third-Term
Movement.

The method of the opposition to President
Roosevelt for bringing about his overthrow
is suggested in the following from the Phila-
delphia North American :

Washington. — As predicted by friends of
President Roosevelt, in the exposure of a corpo-
ration conspiracy to control the next Republican
convention and bury the "Roosevelt policies,"
a third-term movement is now openly inaugu-
rated by his opDonents.

Senator Bourne, of Oregon, host at the dinner
a few weeks ago when Senator Penrose, of Penn-

776

THE PANDEX

sylvania, babbled about the plans of the reac-
tionaries, has issued a statement declaring that
Roosevelt must be 'drafted' by the people for
another term and that he can not refuse to run.
This move was fully foreseen by the President
and supporters of his policies. He has unequivo-
cally and repeatedly declared that he will not
under any circumstances permit his renomina-
tion. The temper of the people has been so
plainly shown that the reactionaries are adopt-
ing the transparent ruse of shouting for Roose-
velt in order that delegations instructed for him,
with no second choice, may be available for deals
at the convention!

CALLED BY THE ENEMY

Member of the Famous "Conspiracy Dinner"
Wants Roosevelt Renominated.

Still further evidence of this false boom-
ing is alleged in the following from the Nevr
York American :

Washington. — After holding a conference with
the President at the White House, Senator Bourne
has come out in the role of chief promoter of a
third term for Roosevelt by issuing an authorized
statement, declaring that it is the duty of the
American people to "command the President to
accept a second elective term."

The statement caused a stir in the political
waters, for it was made public only an hour be-
fore the return of Secretary Taft, the President's
putative candidate.

The fact that the Oregon Senator, who was at
the dinner where a convivial Senator is said
to have told of the alleged $5,000,000 fund to
overturn the Roosevelt policies, has been a fre-
quent caller at the White House, has given rise
to much speculation.

Senator Bourne 's statement is as follows :

"In my opinion a great crisis now confronts
this country. The reactionaries are determined,
if possible, to obtain control of the Government
and use it for their own personal advantage and
to the detriment of the people.

"True Republican policies, as promulgated by
Lincoln and enlarged and exemplified by Roose-
velt, are the rights of man and the absolute sov-
ereignty of the people. The issue now before the
country is: Shall the advocates of the rights
and liberties of the people and of the power and
of the majesty of the Government, or the enemies
of both, prevail? The people must decide.

"I know that President Roosevelt is not a can-
didate to succeed himself. I realize thkt he would
greatly prefer that the people select some other
person to succeed him in 1908. I am, however,
convinced that the exigencies of the situation
demonstrate the necessity of the people com-
manding President Roosevelt to accept a nomi-
nation for a second elective term.

"The President, equally with any other elect-
ive officer of this Government, is, after all, but
the servant of the people. If the people com-
mand him to serve a second elective term he cer-
tainly must feel it his duty to do so. How could
he do otherwise? He can no more decline to ac-

cept a nomination made by a convention, in-
structed by the people, than he could refuse to
serve if we were engaged in war with some for-
eign power and he was drafted.

"No man can put his personal wishes or de-
sires above the command of the people, and es-
pecially no person who has been honored as
President Roosevelt has been by the American
people. ' '

BROWNLOW, TOO, IS IN LINE

Tennessee Congressman Hastens to be Numbered
Among the Friends.

Again, the power of the President against

his opposition is to be seen in the following

from the Indianapolis News :

Washington. — That members of Congress will
make haste to "swear in" for President Roose-
velt and his plans for the next national conven-
tion, rather than lose the patronage they have
controlled, was shown when Representative Wal-
ter F. Brownlow, of Tennessee, came to the capi-
tal and gave out an interview, declaring for
Roosevelt for a third term. Several weeks ago
a report reached the White House that Brownlow
was 'off,' and forthwith steps were taken to de-
prive him of patronage. Said the Tennessee rep-
resentative, in squaring himself:

"I have thought that President Roosevelt made
a mistake when he said that he would not be a
candidate?, and would not accept another nomi-
nation to be President. No man ought to declare
himself against the wish and will of the people
as long as he is able in every way to serve them.
He ought to take no position while holding of-
fice contrary to the wish and will of the people
that he continue to serve them. The popular
will, based on the conviction that President
Roosevelt is better equipped than ever for the
exalted office which he has honored and adorned,
attracting the admiration and attention of
the whole world, demands that his service be
continued for another term. He is confronted by
an appeal to his sense of duty that ought to
cause him to respond with as cheerful obedience
as he gave to his country's cause when, with his
rough riders, he went up San Juan Hill."

ROGERS WARS ON ROOSEVELT

Oil Trust Leader Begins What is Believed to be
a Systematic Campaign.
Behind the campaign against the Presi-
dent there is said to be the conspiracy set
forth in the following from the Chicago
Tribune :

Washington, D. C. — According to the view of
administration men here the Standard Oil trust
is now fairly at the head of the anti-Roosevelt
movement, and it has begun to fight in the open.

There is said to be much significance in the
interview with H. H. Rogers, published in the
Manufacturers' Record at Baltimore, in which
the master man of the System seeks to put on

THE PANDEX

777

SECRETARY TAFT— "DON'T YOU THINK YOU WOULD BETTER THROW ME OUT TO

THE BEAR, THEODORE?"

— Spokane Spokesman-Review.

President Roosevelt the personal responsibility
for the fall in the prices of securities.

The more the interview is scanned the more it
appears to contain a definite program, which was
sketched out by the Standard Oil people long
ago, when they were first prosecuted for receiv-
ing rebates, and which has since been formu-
lated through speeches by Mayor Reyburn, of
Philadelphia, and others in Pennsylvania and
New Jersey, the two states where the anti-Roose-
velt propaganda has been openly begun.

In his Baltimore interview Mr. Rogers says :
"I believe that the sentiment of the country will
have so crystallized within a few months that
there will be practically unanimous conservatism
in the conduct of the Government."

There is some sense in this, of course, and yet
from the whole tenor of the interview the attitude
of President Roosevelt is attacked by inference,
although, of course, he is not mentioned by name.

It is evident, according to the statement of
Mr. Rogers, that the plan of campaign adopted
by the anti-Roosevelt crowd is to put out a series
of interviews and arguments and to back these
up by occasional flurries in Wall Street, with the
idea of persuading business men and small in-
vestors that President Roosevelt's attitude is un-
settling prices and that the policy he has advo-
cated of the regulation of railroads and corpora-
tions will break down the value of all securities
and thus reduce the savings of the poor and the
fortunes of the moderately rich, as well as of
those having large investments.

CALLS HIM FAKER AND HUMBUG

Wadsworth Says President is Venting Spite in
Removing His Friends From Office.

In the following from the New York
World is a statement which would fit the
Rogers program, whether a deliberate part
of it or not :

Washington. — Former Representative Wads-
worth, of Geneseo, New York, has made a savage
attack upon President Roosevelt for demanding
the resignation of Archie Sanders, the collector
of internal revenue at Rochester. Sanders was
apnointed on the recommendation of Wadsworth.

"This is merely another instance," said Mr.
Wadsworth, "of the purpose of the President
to punish all my friends because I differed, and
wisely differed, as time has proved, from him on
certain recent issues.

"The President practically turned down the
recommendations of his advisers in the Postoffice
Department, who wanted the postmasters reap-
pointed because they had proven themselves good
officials, and at the same time he violated his own
promises to the people. The whole thing stamps
the President as unreliable, a faker and a hum-
bug. For years he has indulged in lofty senti-
ments, and he violates them all for the sake of
gratifying a petty spite. It is apparent that he
intends to persecute in a like manner every Fed-
eral office-holder who is so unfortunate as to be
my friend. Thank God, he 'can't fool all the

778

THE PANDEX

people all the time/ and the country is fast
awakening to the real character of this bloody
hero of Kettle Hill."

SLAPPED BY TRUST DEFENDER

Harriman's Personal Counsel Makes Attack on
Roosevelt Hero-Worship.

The following account from the Indianap-
olis News of an attack by one of the inside
men of the camp of the enemy seems to con-
firm, so far as it goes, the charges in regard
to Rogers:

Atlantic City, N. J. — James M. Beck, former
assistant Attorney-General of the United States,
at a banquet to the bankers of New Jersey,
made a speech that was both applauded and
hissed. He defended the railroads and sounded
a warning against the "spirit of unrest" which,
he said, prevails in this country. He also decried
"hero worship," thereby alluding to Roosevelt.

Mr. Beck is now personal counsel to E. H.
Harriman, and is regarded as one of the fore-
most corporation lawyers in America. Before
he was appointed as an assistant to Attorney-
General Knox, under McKinley, Beck was one
of the strongest Democrats in Pennsylvania.

THE POLITICAL LEMON,

That is likely to be handed to Miss Democracy for breakfast some fine
morning. — -Minneapolis Journal.

Later he removed from Philadelphia to New
York and has been admitted to the inner circle
of the Republicans in that State.

"It is always dangerous for rich men — and .
all of you represent riches if you have them
not," he said, "to sit down together, because
every one knows a conspiracy is being hatched
out, especially when the secretary of. the victim
is present.

"We are told we should be optimistic. I do
not believe we should shut our eyes to the danger
menacing this country. The sky is full of clouds.
I am mildly pessimistic about it all.

"A banker can not afford to ignore public
sentiment. Public sentiment in our country to-
day is diseased, and has been diseased since 1896.
There is a great deal of 'dementia Americana'
In the minds of our countrymen, from the At-
lantic to the Pacific. Perhaps there is some rea-
son for this in the abuse of privilege.

"I believe that never before has class hatred
so dominated the public mind as at this hour. In
McKinley 's time there was an era of good feel-
ing, but I think to-day a man must be blind
who can not see the feeling, never before so ex-
aggerated, of hatred and envy of prosperity."
This remark called forth a few hisses.
Peril in "Hero Worship."
"I believe," he continued, "it is the practical
dissolution of great par-
ties that has resulted in a
menace to the republic. I
don't care whether you
agree with me or not — I
believe the country to-day
is dominated by exagger-
ated hero worship. There
is a despotism in each
party caused by popular
admiration of one-man
rule. And no country is
safe when love of country
is dominated by mere per-
sonal idolatry."

Mr. Beck likened pres-
ent conditions to those in
Rome, where sentiment
was divided between Cae-
sar and Pompey.

"But I have no fear for
the republic," he con-
tinued. "Whenever pros-
perity is most diffused
then discontent is most
prevalent. It is true
there is an irreconcilable
war between the laws of
trade and the laws on
your statute books. In
1S90, following a wave of
demagoguery, they passed
a law making every com-
bination in restraint of
trade, whether formerly
jrganized or not, a crimi-
nal thing.

"But what is civiliza-
tion but a great combi-

THE PANDEX

s£x

779

nation. Alas, the trouble today is that no one
can tell whether the ax will fall on the just or
the unjust. And there is nothing so shallow as
that reasoning which says all railway combina-
tions come from avarice. To attempt to dis-
integrate our great railway system is really to
attack the laws of trade.

' ' Our constitutional machinery has been broken
down by steam and electricity, that have welded
the country together and made old things
obsolete.

"We are now living in a state of federated
anarchy that has caused within two months de-
preciation greater than the losses of the Civil
War.

"Every great corporation to-day that trans-
acts business beyond the limits of its own State
is subjected to the arbitrary caprice of public
opinion in every State through which its trade
passes. ' '

Mr. Beck referred specifically to Arkansas,
where he said a law was passed that if two in-
surance companies combined in Hongkong but
not in Arkansas, and tried to do business in Ar-
kansas, they could be driven from the borders
of the State.

Makes Attack on President.
Baising his voice, the speaker said: "I have

FIRE AWAY!

-Philadelphia North American.

not unmixed admiration of the policies of our pres-
ent President, but I believe his greatest service
has been to bring to public notice certain present
conditions of affairs. The people have already
had an object lesson costing two thousand mil-
Hops of dollars, and I ask you, how can a rail-
road keep out of trouble if it is ground between
the upper and nether millstone of Federal and
State authority?

"You can't get a railroad to tell absolutely
what its. interstate and ultrastate rates shall be
at all times. You can not divide the indivisible.

"We must not do a thing simply because one
man favors it, nor hold absolutely to what our
fathers said. Let us face the truth. No problem
set for this nation is impossible of solution if
faced with the old-time sanity."

780

THE PANDEX

MILLIONS VS. ROOSEVELTISM

Many Times $5,000,000 on Tap to Capture 1908
Convention.

Also, the following gives more emphatic
confirmation. It is from the Detroit Jour-
nal:

New York. — A Washington dispatch to the
press says the Belmonts, Ryans, and other Demo-
cratic leaders, men who were powerful enough
to shut Bryan out of the nomination in 1904, are
preparing to join forces with the anti-Roosevelt
Republicans for the control of the 1908 conven-
tion and the nomination of a "safe" candidate.

"This is no Loeb ghost story about the $5,000,-
000 fund to defeat the Roosevelt administration's
plans," said a prominent politician. "There will
be many times $5,000,000 on call in this move-
ment, and it will mean a fight to the finish in the
Republican national convention. These men,
Democrats as well as Republicans, believe that
once a man of their stripe is nominated in the
Republican convention the fight would be won,
for they have no fear of Bryan being able to
encompass his defeat, no more fear than pos-
sessed Mark Hanna in 1896 or 1900 on the eve
of election."

"Who is the likely candidate of this combina-
tion?" was asked.

"That detail has not been decided," was the
reply.

"There are a number of men who will be used
as pawns in this game until the proper time for
the concentration to be made on the one. Don't
go away with the notion that this is a 'prepos-
terous' story. The basis for its accomplishment
is now being laid, and shrewd minds are givins: it
every atom of their energy and attention. Two
men right now are in the West representins: Wall
Street influences, working along the lines
enunciated above.

• "Rooseveltism will meet with the most deter-
mined opposition it yet has encountered in the
next Republican national convention."

PART OF A DELIBERATE PLAN

Foraker's Efforts in Ohio Are Beginning of Anti-
Roosevelt Plot.

The place of Senator Foraker in the "con-
spiracy" is frequently alleged, along lines
such as those indicated in the following frotn
the New York "World :

Cincinnati. — It has developed here that the
plan of Senator Joseph B. Foraker to get a
show down on the Presidential preference of
Ohio was not the result of a sudden impulse nor
yet the outcome of Foraker's dislike of President
Roosevelt and his policies. It was the first step
of the opposition to Roosevelt to defeat his selec-
tion of a candidate for the Presidential nomina-
tion in 1908 and to make it impossible for the
President to control the Republican national con-
vention of that year.

AVhile the story of a $5,000,000 conspiracy to
defeat the President, alleged to have been re-
lated by a drunken Senator at a dinner in Wash-
ington, was more fanciful than true, there is no
doubt that there is a combination of all the hos-
tile forces. Further, there is no doubt that
Foraker was selected to make the first demon-
stration. If he succeeds in keeping Ohio away
from Taft, who is the President's avowed can-
didate for the succession, there will be more
than $5,000,000 available to go into other States
and bring about the same result.

The fight in Ohio will be desperate. Foraker
will not quit until he is beaten into the ground.
Too much is at stake for a compromise, although
there are skilful politicians in Ohio who say
Foraker is more concerned in getting an indorse-
ment for another term as Senator than in any-
thing else. Nobody here thinks Foraker him-
self is really a candidate for President in the
sense that he thinks he can get the nomination
or could be elected if he got it.

What Foraker is doing is trying to hold Ohio
against Roosevelt and Taft. The Senatorship
part of it is incidental, in a way, although it
is very important to Foraker, who has no desire
to retire from public life, whatever he may say
to the contrary.

ROOSEVELT ON TO ODELL'S GAME

President Warned That Odell Was Trying to
Build Up an Organization.
One of the most frequently recurring
points of suspicion in connection with the
opposition to the President is the politicaf
course of ex-Governor Odell, of New York,
of whom the New York Sun recently said :

Washington. — It has come out in a quarter
thoroughly informed on the subject that Presi-
dent Roosevelt was warned several weeks ago — -
as many as five or six weeks ago — that ex-Gov-
ernor Benjamin B. Odell, Jr., was trying to' build
up a Republican organization in New York
State behind Governor Hughes with the object
of putting Odell back in political power again.
The news contained in the Sun's local columns
that Odell was playing a game of that kind was
confirmed in the quarter mentioned, with some
interesting additional particulars thrown in for
good measure.

It was just about six weeks ago that the Odell
scheme was uncovered and it was not long after-
ward that President Roosevelt was told what
was going on. Just as soon as he was convinced
that the story was true the President started in
on his plan to line up the Administration forces
behind Governor Hughes, with the object of pre-
venting Odell and his friends from controlling
the organization. Mr. Roosevelt was advised to
take this course by supporters of Governor
Hughes and himself.

THE PANDEX

781

"THE NIGHTMARE THAT DISTURBS THEIR SLUMBERS."

• — Chicago Tribune.

782

THE PANDEX

WILL NOT RUN AGAIN

President Determined to Set at Best All Talk
to the Contrary.

If the Opposition is seeking to use the
President's popularity as a means of stack-
ing the convention against him, the follow-
ing indicates that the President is using
equally strong tactics to defeat that plan:

Washington, D. C. — President Roosevelt has
decided to set at rest all talk that he will be a
candidate for the Republican nomination for the
Presidency next year. It has been learned upon
the highest authority that at the proper moment
the President will issue a statement to the
American people announcing that he will not ac-
cept renomination under any conditions, and call-
ing attention to the declaration he made on the
night he was elected in November in 1904, as
follows :

"The wise custom which limits the President
to two terms regards the substance and not the
form. Under no circumstances will I be a can-
didate for or accept another nomination."

The advisability of issuing a statement at the
present time has been forced upon the attention
of the President as the result of earnest repre-
sentations made to him by intimate friends,
politicians, and people residing in every section
of the country who want him to run again. The
President does not feel, however, that the time
has come for him to publish a statement; he does
not believe that politics is an all-absorbing ques-
tion with the American people at this time.

Naturally he feels flattered by appeals made to
him to be once more a candidate, but he is in-
clined to attribute these suggestions rather to
approval of the policies he has initiated and en-
forced than to any special desire to keep him in
the White House.

THINKING OF POLICIES, NOT MEN

President Declared Most Interested in the
Carrying Out of the Former.

Also, that the President does not intend

to allow his personal preference for any one

man as his successor to become a weapon in

the hands of those who are against him, is

indicated in the following from the New

York Herald:

Washington, D. C. — That President Roosevelt
is not behind the Taft boom to the extent that
he sees in the Secretary of War the only avail-
able man for the nomination was the opinion
expressed by W. R. Wilcox, postmaster of New
York, after a conference with the President.

Several other persons who have recently visited
the White House have expressed the same opin-
ion. The President is desirous not to be under-
stood as trying to dictate the nomination of any
man for the Presidency.

" I do not think it can truthfully be said Presi-

dent Roosevelt is working for the nomination of
Mr. Taft or any other one man," said Mr. Wil-
cox. "What the President desires, I believe,
is the carrying on of his policies. These policies
are being attacked in Ohio by Senator Foraker.
As Secretary Taft will defend them, the Presi-
dent is naturally behind him, and as the attitude
of Ohio to the Presidency is involved in the mat-
ter it makes it appear, of course, that the Presi-
dent is helping tlie Taft boom.

"If some other man in some other part of the
country should develop as a candidate who sup-
ports the Roosevelt policies I think it would
plainly be shown that President Roosevelt is
thinking of policies and not of individual men."

PRESIDENT OUT FOR TAFT?

New York World Declares That Roosevelt Showed
His Hand Openly.

The following is contradictory of the

above. It is from the New York World :

Washington, D. C. — President Roosevelt sent
for four newspaper men recently to come to the
White House that he might tell them what he
thought of the speech of Senator Foraker, and
also that one of the men in the "$5,000,000 con-
spiracy" had revealed himself.

The President said that Senator Foraker 's
speech at Canton was a good one and that it was
calculated to win for Senator Foraker many
friends. He said he had not believed that Sena-
tor Foraker would handle the matter as temper-
ately as he had and that he had hoped he would
use violent language, all of which, he believes,
would have helped Secretary Taft, who is now
the President's avowed candidate for the
Presidency.

The President confided to the newspaper men
that he was going to send Secretary Taft to
Ohio to take the stump and tell the people about
his candidacy. He said he was not in favor
of the Secretary going to Alaska or the Philip-
pines this year; that the Ohio situation was far
more important and that from now on Secretary
Taft would have to devote himself to gaining the
Presidential nomination.

ROOSEVELT NOT BOOMING TAFT

Heated Denial Comes From White House
Following Publication.

Contradiction of the above, in turn, is af-
forded in the following from the Chicago
News:

Washington, D. C— President Roosevelt is not
the campaign manager for Secretary Taft, nor
is the Secretary or any other man the President's
candidate for the Presidency. This information
came out of the White House accompanied by
some heat, following the publication in new.s-
papers that the President was choosing his suc-
cessor and managing his campaign. It was made
plain that the President will oppose his enemies
and the enemies of his policies anywhere and

THE PANDEX

783

'i^AUPH vJikDEft "

MR. TAFT IS PUTTING IN ALL HIS TIME BOOSTING HIS PRESIDENTIAL BOOM.

— Chicago Record-Herald.

784

THE PANDEX

ROOSEVELr DEMOCRAT.
DISCOVERED 6Y
XTEMPLE GRAVtS

Locoed.

— St. Louis Globe-Democrat.

everywhere they show a desire for a fight, but
it was declared with equal vigor that so far as
Presidential politics in the Republican party is
concerned, the President stands merely for a
principle and a type of man to go with it.

In addition Secretary Taft's friends rose up
in anger and declared that President Roosevelt,
if he wanted to do so, would not be permitted to
order Secretary Taft to Ohio to fight Senator
Foraker. While they assert Senator Foraker has
apparently picked out the President to assail in
his campaign, they declare there is no necessity
for Secretary Taft to fight other battles than his
own and that his friends in Ohio will use their
best judgment in his behalf without outside
assistance.

The whole situation is a reflection of a growing
sentiment among the Taft men for a breaking
away from the prevalent idea that Taft would not
and could not be a candidate on his own hook
if it were not for the President.

rOEECASTING THE TICKET

Newspaper Correspondents Think Governor
Hughes and Secretary Taft Will Be Named.
What the net outcome of. the Taft boom

will be is forecast in the following from the

Chicago Tribune:

Washington, D. C— Taft and Hughes. That
is the ticket which seems to appeal to the ma-
jority of the Administration followers, and they
point out the fact that the preliminary cam-

paign practically is concentrated in the two
States of Ohio and New York.

In each State the President has been attacked
personally, and in each State he has the right
to ask for personal vindication through the
indorsement of a candidate in sympathy with
his point of view on governmental matters. The
idea of coupling the Secretary of War with the
Governor of New York has proved a popular
one. Experienced politicians say it would be
about as strong a combination as could be
imagined. Each of the two men would bring
force to the ticket, and do it, too, in a' State
more or less uncertain, according to ordinary
political standards.

It should not be understood, of course, that
President Roosevelt is behind this ticket, but
the names of Taft and Hughes are grouped to-
gether so often by people who are in the con-
fidence of the President as to give the impression
that this ticket would meet with his approval
to an extraordinary degree.

HUGHES THE DARK HORSE

Watterson Says He Has Learned the Lesson of
Tilden.

The strongest suggestion as to Governor
Hughes' possibilities as a presidential candi-
date is the following from the old-time Dem-
ocratic editor, Henry Watterson, as reported
in the New York Times : , •

Louisville, Ky. — Henry Watterson, in the
Courier-Journal, said recently:

"Mr. Roosevelt has broken all the records.
Tyler, Fillmore, Johnson, and Arthur long ago
paled their ineffectual fires before him. He is
a law unto himself. The good in bad men, the
bad in good men, are sometimes magnified and
sometimes denied ; "but here is a man who gets
credit for good and bad alike, and, there is
nothing so successful as success.

' ' Yet, nevertheless and notwithstanding the
President is going to find Jordan a hard road to
travel.

"If the country wants an overhauling of
policies it will not go to the author of those
policies for trained workmen and a chest of tools.
The whole people may not be quite ripe for this
overhauling. Or they may consider that the
Democrats are not ripe for it. Thus, there may
be one more victory for the Republicans in 1908.
as there was for the Democrats in 1856. But
it will have to be gained by a change of riders
and a straddle, for the talk about a 'third term'
is the purest nonsense.

' ' Eminent jurists make disappointing can-
didates. You may remember that before the last
Democratic national convention I said something
of this sort about Judge Parker. It is equally
anulicable to Judge Taft. The President has
overworked Judge Taft, as a man of all work
made him too much of a fetch-and-carry.

"The Vice-President is an old, a cool, and a
shifty hand at the bellows. He is the incarnation
of orthodox and conservative Republicanism. In-

THE

PA^D

785

diana is a pivotal State. What Foraker may do
to Taft in Ohio remains to be seen.

"Our national conventions are growin>r more
and more like our race courses, where to the
knowing ones there are few surprises. Being
in France, I am going to buy 'a Paris Mutuel' on
a dark horse I picked nearly a year ago — that
is, in June, 1906 — though I see my 'long shot' is
beginnins;' to show in the betting, to wit, Charles
E. Hughes, Governor of New York.

"Governor Hughes seems to have learned the
Tilden lesson pretty well already, and the rest
will take care of itself."

CAMPAIGNS BY HIS WORK

Secretary of War Will Not Relinquish His Duties
for Active Politics.

The attitude of Secretary Taft thruout the
movement in his behalf is probably accu-
rately described in the following from the
Chicago Tribune:

Washington, D. C. — It has become more or less
evident from his manner that the idea of a
scramble for the Presidential succession is ex-
tremely distasteful to Secretary Taft. He re-
fuses to talk politics at all, as was to be ex-
pected, and the only refer-
ence he makes to the muddle
out in Ohio is the statement
that he did not propose to
discuss Presidential politics
in any way or in any of his
speeches.

Up to date Secretary
Taft does not intend to
participate in a rough and
tumble political fight in Ohio
or anywhere else. When he
has an opportunity to make
a speech it will be on the
Brownsville affair, the Pan-
ama canal, the situation in
Cuba, the condition of the
Philippines, the progress of
Porto Rico, and similar top-
ics which have come within
the sphere of his official du-
ties. Presidential politics
will be cut out entirely. He
will not answer Foraker or
anybody else.

If, by discussing real gov-
ernmental policies before the
people in different places,
they choose to select him
as the Presidential candi-
date, the Secretary of War
will be pleased as any
man could be under such
circumstances. Every plan
he has made thus far
is for dignified treatment

of the situation, with no joint debates, no par-
tisan appeals to voters, and, above all, no at-
tempt to split up his own party in his own state.

So far as can be understood at present, the
Secretary of War has adopted the other alter-
native. He will keep out of the Ohio fight per-
sonally, so far as the Presidency is concerned.
His program is to go about his business exactly as
he would do if he were not being considered for
the Presidency. This means that he will go to
the Philippines and Alaska and seek to attend
to the affairs of the office in which President
Roosevelt has put him.

This is the style of campaign which is con-
genial to the Secretary of War. In spite of the
smile which is known to every one who has seen
him and the "Taft laugh" which has infected
an otherwise dull dinner, the Secretary of War
is a studious man. He takes his duties seriously
and discusses everything which comes before him
much as he used to decide his cases when he was
on the bench. The judicial habit still is strong
with him and he would make a miserable mess
of it if he attempted to fool the voters of his
own or any other State with a claptrap explana-
tion of any particular public policy. The best
politics, as well as the most congenial thing for
him, is to stand on his record and to depend on
that and on the known partiality of President
Roosevelt to carry him throufrh when the time
comes for the election of delegates.

WILL IT COME TO THIS?

— Atlanta Constitution.

786

THE PANDEX

WHAT IS MAKING HUGHES?

Politicians of New York Create Popularity for
Him by Opposing Him.

A view of the source of strength at the
command of Governor Hughes is given as fol-
lows in the same paper:

New York. — Thanks to a corrupt combination
of legrislative enemies representing both Repub-
lican and Democratic corporation creatures, Gov-
ernor Hughes has been put in a position where
he can no longer be neglected as a Presidential
possibility.

The people in the Legislature who have been
so busy 'soaking' the Governor, so as to prevent
his removal of Insurance Commissioner Kelsey.
seem to have been wholly unaware of the in-
evitable political effect of their action. Hughes
has been put in the position of fighting for the
people. He will appeal to those same people for
support and there can be no doubt he will get it.

With none of the tricks of the politician, with
so little of practical statecraft, he would possibly
be a well intentioned nonentity if left alone, but
Raines and Grady, the Republican and Demo-
cratic senatorial leaders, have already 'made'
Hughes. He has been beaten in the State Senate
by a disreputable bi-partisan organization, but
the people are already beginning to be heard from,
and Hughes is assuming the stature of a national
pplitical quantity who must surely be reckoned
with when the next Presidential ticket is framed
up, if not for first place, at least for Vice-
President.

Governor Hughes started out on his work with
a peculiar idea as to the responsibility of his
office. There never was a Governor of a great
State who was so careful to separate executive
and legislative departments. Thus far he has
absolutely refused to make use of the State pa-
tronage for the purpose of influencing the
Legislature.

Had he possessed a tenth part of the practical
political energy of President Roosevelt he would
have had Kelsey out of oflSce long ago. As it is
he has made the issue clearly one between him-
self and the Senate. He has charged that the
insurance commissioner is unfit for his place and
has left to the Senate the responsibility of keep-
ing such a man in office. There has been no
attempt to coerce the Senators. Governor
Hughes put the facts before them and before the
people.

It is inevitable that the people will support
him in the long run and that some of the Repub-
lican Senators and bosses who have been openly
fighting the Governor will be turned down at
the polls at the next State election.

HUGHES APPEALS TO PUBLIC

Defends His Own Policies in an Impassioned
Speech at Elmira.

The New York governor's use of the

Roosevelt method against his enemies is de-
scribed as follows in the Chicago Tribune :

Elmira, N. Y. — Gov. Charles E. Hughes, be-
fore 3,000 people who crowded the Lyceum the-
ater here on May 3d, defended his public utilities
bill, now before the state legislature. Among
the speakers who preeeeded the governor was
John B. Stanchfield, who made an attack on the
bill. The governor's speech was a vigorous re-
joinder to Stanchfield, and created the greatest
enthusiasm of the evening. The governor se-
verely arraigned Stanchfield and the latter 's
argument.

After pointing out many alleged defects in
the public utilities bill, Mr. Stanchfield took oc-
casion to say that he was not present with a re-
tainer in his pocket. He spoke simply as an in-
dividual. The governor after preliminary words
of introduction said :

"In distinction from my learned friend, I am
here under a retainer. I am here retained by
the people of the state of New York to see that
justice is done, and with no disposition to injure
any investment, with every desire to give the
fullest opportunity to enterprise and with every
purpose to shield and protect every just property
interest.

"I stand for the people of the state of New
York against extortion, against favoritism,
against financial scandal and against everything
that goes to corrupt our politics, by interference
with the freedom of our legislatures and admin-
istrations. I stand for honest government and
effective regulation by the state of public service
corporations.

"Now, I am fully conscious, as is every one
who professes to have a modicum of intelligence,
of the tremendous advantages which the country
and every community in it has derived from the
extension of our railroad facilities.

"Yet it is said that despite the prosperity of
the country and the great benefits that have been
derived from the extension of our transportation
facilities, there is a state of unrest, that there is
a general condition of discontent throughout the
country.

"Why? Is it because of extension of means
of communication? Will any one suggest to an
intelligent audience that American citizens are
in revolt against their own prosperity?

"What they revolt against is dishonest finance.
What they are in rebellion against is favoritism
which gives a chance to one man to move his
goods and not to another; which gives one man
one set of terms and another set to his rivals;
which makes one man rich by giving access to
the seaboard and drives another man into bank-
ruptcy, or into combination with his more suc-
cessful competitor.

"It is a revolt against all the influences which
have grown out of an unlicensed freedom and of
a failure to recognize that these great privileges,
so necessary for public welfare, have been cre-
ated by the public for the public benefit and not
primarily for private advantage."

THE PANDEX

787

^ ^^, X

DICK: 'CHEER UP, JOE, I'M STILL WITH YE."

— Cleveland Plain Dealer.

STILL COY.

— Cleveland Plain Dealer.

r88

THE PANDEX

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THE PANDEX

789

HARMON'S BRAND OF DEMOCRACY

Man Mentioned for President Wants to Be
Known as Just a Democrat.

his duties as receiver for the Cincinnati, Hamil-
ton and Dayton and Pere Marquette railroads.
He said :

I know nothing more about that matter than
what was in the newspapers. I don't even know

Cincinnati. — Judge Judson Harmon, Attorney- who the big Democrat referred to is — haven't the
General under Cleveland, who has been men- slightest idea as to his identity. Of course, a

UNCLE SAM'S FAVORITE SON.

No matter whether Theodore will serve a third term or not, he still remains the favorite

— Spokane Spokesman-Review.

son of the whole country.

tioned lately as having been named by "A prom- man cannot help being pleased at even the bare

inent Democrat in the East" as the Democracy's suggestion of his name in that connection. But

very best man for the Presidential nomination, I don't want to be classed or tagged as any spe-

returned home from a trip in connection with cial kind or brand of Democrat. I don't want to

790

THE PANDEX

be called a radical, a conservative or any kind
of a party man except just plain Democrat.

I am a Democrat without any sort of qualify-
ing adjective. However, I guess this is only a
matter of a bouquet thrown to me.

No, I wouldn't want to say now whether or
not I would become a candidate under certain
circumstances. It is too soon yet for the starting
of Presidential booms and things.

Yes, I think the Democracy's chance for win-
ning in the next campaign are very good. You
see this thing must come our way occasionally.

Oh, yes, I would consider either Poraker or
Taft a strong man for the Republican candidate.
Foraker and I served together as Judges of the
Superior Court and Taft succeeded me on the
bench when I resigned, so I know both very well.
— New York Sun.

HEARST NOT A DEMOCRAT

Would Have Been a Republican Under Lincoln,
He Believes.

Syracuse, N. Y. — Former Mayor James K. Mc-
Guire of this city recently declared that he
would not support W. R. Hearst any longer, be-
cause Mr. Hearst is not a Democrat, but that he
was for Mr. Bryan, because Mr. Bryan is for the
initiative and referendum.

Mr. Hearst was asked to comment upon the
statement. He said in part:

"I am not a candidate for any office whatever,
so there would be no opportunity for Mayor Mc-
Guire to favor me with his valued support, even
if he were in complete agreement with my prin-
ciples and purposes.

"Then again. Mayor McGuire may be quite
right in his assumption that I am not a Demo-
crat. I am a firm believer in the prinicples which
Jefferson enunciated, the principles which Lin-
coln revived, interpreted and exemplified. I be-
lieve absolutely, not only in Jefferson's theory of
equal rights for all and special privileges to
none, but in its practical application to every
phase of public policy. I believe in Jefferson's
government for the greatest good of the greatest
number, and in Lincoln's government of the
people, by the people, and for the people.

"I would have been a Democrat in Jefferson's
day. and a Republican in Lincoln's day, but
whether I can properly be classified as a Demo-
crat in the present day is a matter which I ad-
mit is subject to legitimate doubt. — Chicago
Tribune.

HE'S A BOY WITH HIS BOYS

One of the Secrets of President Roosevelt's Per-
ennial Youth.
If you could see the President at play with his
boys in the White House and at Oyster Bay,
you would know one of the secrets of that per-
ennial youth which is his. He is a boy with his
boys. He camps with them, goes fishing with
them, romps with them. The last time I saw

him in his Oyster Bay home, I found two strange
men there — statesmen of the gloomy type who
knew for sure that the country was going to the
demnition bow wows by a short cut. I sniffed
them clear out on the veranda by the altogether
unusual atmosphere of depression they had left
behind them.

They were telling their tale of woe, when I
saw little Archie sidle up to the President and
whisper something in his ear. His father asked
a question or two and Archie counted on his
fingers, whereupon the President nodded a grave
yes and gave ear once more to his visitors. A
little while after, when they had departed down
the road in their cloud of gloom, I asked Mr.
Roosevelt what Archie wanted. He laughed a
little.

" 'He asked me,' he said, 'papa, when is your
company going home.'

" '0, in a little while, the carriage is coming
up now.'

" 'When they are gone, will you come down
to the old bam and play with us boys?'

' ' ' Well, ' warily, ' how many of you are there 1 '

"Archie counted on his fingers, 'Harry, Dick,
Fred, etc. 'Nine, papa.'

" '0, yes. I guess I can get away with nine.' "

And I thought if the gloom bearers had known
as they drove down the road, thinking, no doubt,
that they had left the President steeped in de-
spair, that he was at that moment playing bear
or Indian with nine boys in the old barn, would
they have said about him, as good people who
didn't understand, said of Lincoln, that he was
not a serious man? Most likely, and they would
have had just as much reason. — Jacob Riis in the
New York World.

WANTS WIFE FOR WHITE HOUSE

Iowa Patriot Preparing for Career in Presidency.

Des Moines. — Iowa papers are publishing the
following: "Wanted — Young woman of refine-
ment; am seeking a wife; am fifty-four years of
age and am of Quaker descent. Apply Andrew
Townsend Hisey. " Hisey once ran for the office
of Governor of Iowa, and now that he knows the
views of lowans on the qualifications an execu-
tive should have, says he probably would have
been elected if he had been married.

He is determined to fit himself for 1908 and
will start a contest in every city and town in the
state. The most popular girl in each will be de-
cided by a contest in which votes will cost one
cent each. Then the winners in each town will
be entered in a grand final struggle. The lucky
one must poll a majority of votes cast. If no
one gets a majority, then Hisey is to make his
own choice.

Hisey is frank in announcing that he will ex- .
pect his wife, when he gets her, to remain Mrs.
Hisey only while he is President of the nation.

When his term of office expires, if she wishes,
she can withdraw from the arrangement. — New
York W^orld.

THE PANDEX

791

MORAL REACTION
IN THE NATION
EVIDENCED BY
AN ERA OF CON-
FESSION AND
PRACTIC A L
REPENTANCE

JOHN D.— "AREN'T WE THE GENEROUS GIVERS, ANDY?'
— Adapted from New York Herald.

OF COURSE, far beneath all the active
questions of the day, in the United
States particularly, is the issue of personal
character. It is personal privileges, the
right to develop character without the re-
straints and harassments of industrial servi-
tude, that labor is contending for. It is
amenability to the principles of personal
morality that President Roosevelt is insist-
ing upon in his policies toward corporations.
And it is national character more than any-
thing else, i. e., the growth of national char-

acter to the point where it will class war-
fare with pugilism as a repudiated game,
that will be the deciding factor in the Con-
ference at The Hague.

Therefore, the fact that a wave of moral
confession and of seeming moral repentance
is following closely upon the heels of the
period of prosecution and inquisition to
which business and politics have been sub-
jected since the beginning of the Roosevelt
regime, is a fact of marked encouragement.

792

THE PANDEX

SCHMITZ WILLING TO TELL

An Offer to Explain Frisco Graft if Promised
Immunity.

San Francisco, which has held a singu-
larly signal place in public attention since,
its great catastrophe in 1906, affords the
first and most striking instance of the tend-
ency toward confession. The following from
the Kansas City Times is a case in point :

San Francisco. — The latest candidate for im-
munity is the indicted chief executive of the mu-
nicipality. Mayor Eugene E. Schmitz. Through
trusted representatives the mayor has made a
proposal to the graft prosecutors which is now
under consideration. The mayor's proposition
may be accepted at any moment, but Rudolph
Spreekels, who is said to be giving money to aid
the prosecution, and the assistant district at-
torney, Francis J. Heney, declared themselves
against giving the indicted mayor any of the im-
munity he craves.

This is what Schmitz offers to do: To resign
his ofiSce as mayor of San Francisco; to make a
full confession to the grand jury of his knowl-
edge of municipal graft, and to join the ranks
of the reformers.

There undoubtedly is much that Mayor
Schmitz might tell the graft prosecutors which
they would be glad to learn.

"As far as I am concerned, you may say that
I am not in favor of granting any immunity to
Mayor Schmitz," said Mr. Spreekels recently.
Mr. Heney, state's counsel, was somewhat eva-
sive in answer to the direct question as to
whether he will extend immunity to the mayor.
He says: "I shall tell no one whether immunity
will be granted to Mayor Schmitz except the
mayor himself. In my position as prosecutor I
cannot do otherwise."

A complete confession from Mayor Schmitz
undoubtedly would involve some of those ' ' higher
ups" which the graft prosecution is known to be
eager to bring to justice.

RUEF PLEADS GUILTY

San Francisco's Boss Gives up the Fight and
Makes Confession.
But even more striking than the presumed
intention of Mayor Schmitz to disclose his
questionable maneuvers is the fact that the
man upon whom Mayor Schmitz and all the
alleged eorruptionists of San Francisco de-
pended for their guidance, made confession
himself. The following, from the San Fran-
cisco Bulletin, is the full text of the indicted
boss's statement in court when pleading
guilty to one of the charges made against
him:

"If your Honor please, I desire to make a
statement. I do so after only a short consulta-
tion with my attorneys to whom I have only
within the last half hour disclosed my determina-
tion and against their expressed protest. I take
this occasion to thank them for their services,
fidelity and friendship.

"Notwithstanding the court's finding yester-
day that this trial might be safely carried on
without serious injury to my health, physical and
mental, I wish to assure you that my personal
condition is such that I am at the present time
absolutely unable to bear for two or three months
daily the strain of an actual trial of this case,
the consequent continual nightly preparation
therefor, the necessary consultation and conver-
sation with my attorneys in regard thereto, to
say nothing of other cares and responsibilities.

"Moreover, the strain of these proceedings •
upon those whom I hold nearest and dearest of
all on earth has been so grave and severe that,
as a result of these prosecutions, their health has
been undermined, they are on the verge of an
immediate collapse, and their lives are indeed
now actually in the balance.

"I have occupied a somewhat prominent posi-
tion, in the city of my birth, in which I have
lived all my life, where are all my ties and in-
terests, whence, when the time comes, I hope to
pass into the eternal sleep. I have borne an hon-
ored name ; in my private and professional life
there has been no stain; in my public affiliations
until the municipal campaign of 1905 and the
election of the pi;esent Board of Supervisors, the
abhorrent charges of the press to the contrary
notwithstanding, no action of mine ever gave
just ground for adverse criticism or deserved
censure. But the assault of the press and their
failure to credit honesty of purpose and a desire
to hold together a political organization, which
had been built up with much effort — means of
holding it together being otherwise impossible —
did in a measure influence me and corrupted the
high ideals for which I had theretofore striven.

"During the past two weeks I have thought
deeply and often of this situation, its causes and
conditions. To offer excuses now would be folly.
To make an effort at some reparation for the
public good is, however, more than possible. To
assist in making more difficult, if not impossible,
the system which dominates our public men and
' corrupts our politics will be a welcome task. I
have decided that whatever energy or abilities I
possess for the future shall be devoted, even in
the humblest capacity, to restoring the ideals
that have been lowered.

"I shall, as soon as opportunity be accorded,
re-enlist on the side of good citizenship and in-
tegrity. May it be allotted tp me at some time
hereafter to have at least some small part in the
re-establishment on a clear, sane basis, a plan
of high civic morality and just reciprocal rela-
tions between the constantly struggling constitu-
ent elements of our governmental and industrial
life.

THE PANDEX

793

"In the meantime I begin by an earnestness of
purpose, a purpose to make the greatest sacri-
fice which can befall a human being of my dis-
position, to acknowledge whatever there may
have been of wrong or mistake and so far as may
be within my power to make it right.

"I reached the final determination last night
after careful reflection and deliberation. Where
duty calls I intend to follow, whither hereafter
the path of my life may lead and however un-
pleasant and painful may be the result. I make
this statement so that the court and the whole
world may know at least the motives which have

unbosoming by Ruef and Schmitz was un-
doubtedly the following, as given in the Chi-
cago Record-Herald:.

San Francisco. — Police Captain John Moony,
who has declared war on police graft, has told a
remarkable story to the grand jury, showing gross
corruption in the police department. Assistant
District Attorney Heney has made public statis-
tics giving the sums of money paid to members
of the police department for the protection of
vice in the new Tenderloin and the privilege of
breaking the laws.

WHERE MANY

MAN GETS WRECKED.

-International Syndicate.

guided me in the step I am about to take. As
an earnest I have determined to make a be-
ginning. I ask now that this jury be dismissed
from further consideration of the case. I desire
to withdraw my plea of not guilty and to enter
the contrary plea and at the proper time to sub-
mit to the court further suggestions for its con-
sideration. ' '

POLICE GRAFT IN FRISCO

Captain Discloses Scale of Blackmail Levied on
Houses of Vice.

One of the stepping stones toward the

It is impossible to make even an approximate
estimate of the total amount of money which the
police have exorted from keepers of houses of
ill-fame, gambling-houses and other dens of vice.
After the great disaster of last April, or as soon
as the new Tenderloin began to build up and the
Barbary Coast district began to establish itself,
a schedule of prices for protected vice was formu-
lated. This schedule was rigidly adhered to. The
proprietors of scarlet houses were required to pay
the patrolmen on the beat $5, the sergeants $15,
the captains $2.5 and the chief of police $75 to
$100 every week. The gambling-houses were as-
sessed according to their ability to pay. The

794

THE PANDEX

dives along Pacific street and in the Barbary
Coast district were required to pay $50 every
week to the police captain and the chief, those
two functionaries presumably dividing the
money. The saloons where women congregate
were taxed a similar amount.

According to the story Moony told the grand
jury, the patrolmen collected their regular $5
graft from the houses on their beat in person.
The sergeant followed the same course, going in
person to the houses of their district. Some of
them collected for their captains, but most of
the captains preferred to collect themselves. The
notorious "Kid" Sullivan, an ex-convict, was
one of Dinan's collection agents, but the graft
was so large that he had to employ others to help
out.

"Do the members of the police commission
share in this graft?" Heney was asked.

"No," replied the prosecutor, "they get theirs
in other ways."

FOLK INVESTIGATES POLICE

Says if There Are Crooks in Department They
Must Be Exposed.

Another instance of police graft which is
apt to lead to confessions is the following,
as given in the Minneapolis Journal:

Kansas City, Mo.- — Following allegations of
corruption in the police department, an investi-
gation, having the approval of Governor Folk,
probably will be started at once. Governor Folk
is quoted as saying: "If there are crooks in the
department they must be found out, and if they
are found out they must be summarily dismissed.
There will be no halting. Conditions at Kansas'
City are not reassuring."

LIGHT SENTENCE FOR HIS PLEA

Insurance Man Held by Court to be Victim of a
Vicious System.

In the following from the New York
Times is an instance of the confession of the
"big man" and, at the same time, the meas-
ure of punishment out of which Labor de-
rives many of its current prejudices:

William A. Brewer, Jr., ex-President of the
Washington Life Insurance Company, who was
indicted twice for perjury and once for filing
false reports as to the financial condition of his
company with the State Insurance Department,
left the Criminal Branch of the Supreme Court
recently a free man, after paying the fine of ,$500
which Justice Blanchard imposed on him. The
aged life insurance man pleaded guilty to the fil-
ing of false reports which is a misdemeanor, with-
drawing the plea of not guilty which he sub-
niitted last week.

In court, Assistant District Attorney Nott
made a strong plea, however, for the imposition
of a prison sentence.

"In 1906," he declared, "charges were sub-
mitted to the District Attorney's office stating
that the Washington Life Insurance Company
had marked off policies in their report to the de-
partment in 1905 amounting to $400,000, and
had afterward restored them, charging them to
the reserve fund of the company. By this ma-
neuver the company appeared solvent when, as a
fact, it was insolvent."

After listening to the plea of the Assistant
District Attorney Justice Blanchard announced :

"In view of the advanced age of this defend-
ant and his worthy life, and believing, as I do,
that he has been the victim of a vicious system
rather than inspired by motives of dishonesty,
and recalling, also, the remarkable letters which
I have received in his behalf, I shall only fine
him $500."

Mr. Brewer paid the fine and immediately left
the courtroom. He showed the strain to which
he had been subjected, and was obliged to cling
to the rail for support while Justice Blanchard
was pronouncing his sentence. In view of the
clemency which had been shown Mr. Brewer the
spectators in the courtroom 'showed clearly their
surprise when Edward Ferris, who had pleaded
guilty to stealing $60 worth of lead; and whose
ease followed that of the old insurance president,
was sentenced to a month in the penitentiary.

RAILROADS GET UNDER COVER

Withdraw Special Rate Privileges From the Stan-
dard Oil Company.

The following is an instance of practical
repentance in the financial field. It is from
the Cleveland Plain Dealer:

The railroads have made a big concession to
the independent oil men and dealt a blow to the
Standard Oil Co.

The independents will no longer have to pay
.$105 for the return of an empty tank from the
Pacific coast to a refinery east of the Missouri
river. A rate that has been a big factor in the
success of the oil trust is withdrawn.

Both moves are made in advance of the inter-
state commerce commission hearing to be held at
Washington soon.

What the surrender means may be judged from
the following summary:

Oil rates are advanced from exclusive Stand-
ard Oil shipping points to the Pacific coast.

Rates are reduced from independent shipping
points and small dealers escape discrimination.

Railroad tariffs will hereafter be the same
from all oil refining points east of the Missouri
river on transcontinental lines.

The burden of a charge amounting to $105 for
the return of an empty tank is raised from the
shoulders of the independent oil refiner.

Significance is seen in • that concessions were

THE PANDEX

795

made before the interstate commerce commission the San Pedro, Los Angeles and Salt Lake City

heard testimony. Petroleum association officers Company.

look upon the action of the railroads as the most It was known to be the opinion of members of

complete victory since their campaign against the Interstate Commerce Commission that the

discrimination began. agreement was in restraint of traffic, and that it

THE DIFFEREIfCE.

-Detroit Journal.

ENDS AN ILLEGAL CONTRACT

Harriman Terminates His Deal with the Salt
Lake Route.

Still another instance similar to the above
is the following from the Philadelphia
North American :

Washington. — Federal authorities believe that
fear of prosecution has led E. H. Harriman to
cancel an agreement entered into on June 18,
1903, between the Southern Pacific Company and

might subject the officials who entered into it to
prosecution under the Sherman anti-trust act.

Notification of the abrogation of the agreement
was conveyed to the commission in the form of a
letter from R. S. Lovett, general counsel of the
Southern Pacific Company.

Mr. Lovett assigns as the reason for the can-
cellation of the agreement the enactment of a
statute by the California Legislature which pro-
hibits contracts restricting competition.

It will be recalled that during the commission 's
inquiry into the operations of the Harriman lines,

796

THE PANDEX

J. Ross Clark, brother of former U. S. Senator
W. A. Clark, president of the San Pedro road,
admitted that he understood, when the traffic
agreement was made between his road and the
Southern Pacific, that for 99 years the San
Pedro officials could not make a change of rate
without the consent of the Southern Pacific.

Mr. Clark further said that thi\t provision was
not put into the agreement at the instance of his
line.

How Would You

FIGHTING DOWN THE LOTTERY

Secret Service Arrests the Leaders of the Hon-
duras Concern.

The reaction against things "shady" has
extended to lotteries, with results indicated
in the following from the Washington Post :

The Honduras National Lottery Company, suc-
• cesser of the old Louisiana Lottery, of notorious
memory, is on its last legs. Secret Service offi-
cers have seized thousands of the lottery com-
pany's tickets and have concluded an investi-
gation which may land several of the company's
officers in the penitentiary. Twenty-six of the
officers and agents are already under indictment.

Chief Wilkie, of the Secret Service has re-
turned from Mobile, Ala., where he has been a
witness before the grand jury which brought in
the indictments, and which will, it is believed, in-
dict at least a dozen more men.

All the offices and agencies of the lottery com-
pany are believed to have been closed, and every
person connected with the concern in its various
branches and subterranean ramifications is either
iu the toils or is occupying a position on the
anxious seat. For many years the Honduras Na-
tional Lottery Company has meant "easy
money" for a number of men who have, as a
rule, up to the present time, been able to evade
the law.

Giant Profits Reaped.

Chief Wilkie says that a conservative estimate
of the profits of the concern is $150,000. a month,
and there were not more than eight principals in
on the "divvy." There were a lot of other men
connected with the scheme, but theirs was not
the "main graft." The smaller fry had to be
content with nominal spoils although these some-
times reached high figures.

The Louisiana Lottery, of which the Honduras
Company is the direct successor, was almost a
household word in the United States up to 1886.
In that year the use of the United States mails
was denied to the company, and the company's
charter expired in 1892. Fabulous sums were
offered for the privilege of continuing business
under a new charter, but Louisiana showed her-
self not insensible to the protests of her sister
states, and an overwhelming public sentiment by
declining the golden bait.

Central America Selected.
• Then the company was reorganized and con-
tinued its business nominally in Central America.
Another check was received three or four years

THE OLD LOVE— MOONLIGHT.

THE PANDEX

797

Like to be a Magnate ?

THE NEW— FLASHLIGHT.

— Chicago News.

ago wlien the Supreme Court decided that the
transportation of lottery tickets by express com-
panies was a violation of the interstate commerce
laws. Still the business has flourished, although
not on the same prodigious scale of a Monte
Cristo romance.

It has been said that the Honduras authorities
received $100,000 a year for allowing the new
company to conduct its monthly drawings in that
country. The monthly drawing was held in
January last. Then things began to get hot for
the lottery managers. In that month Gen. Cabell,
of New Orleans, made what will probably prove
to be his last journey to Puerto Cortez for the
purpose of conducting the drawing.

He was selected for this duty because of his
reputation among the conductors of the lottery
for unimpeachable honesty. He was the suc-
cessor of Gens. Beauregard and Earlyj whose
names signed to the company's transactions, were
supposed to form a guaranty of a square deal and
an honest award.

DENOUNCES UNWRITTEN LAW

District of Columbia Judge Arraigns Its Admis-
sion to Courts or Juries.

That something besides the character of
the accused persons is responsible for the
period of crime now undergoing change is
suggested in the following from the Wash-
ington Star:

Justice Wendell Phillips Stafford of the Dis-
trict Supreme Court, in an address in National
Rifles' Armory recently denounced in no uncer-
tain terms pleas of the unwritten law and tem-
porary insanity in defense and justification of
murder, and declared communities which allowed
and supported such doctrines to be barbaric.

Justice Stafford was the valedictorian of the
toast list at the annual "sugar party" given un-
der the auspices of the Vermont State Associa-
tion. He followed Justice David J. Brewer of the
United States Supreme Court, Capt. William P.
Potter, U. S. N., and Interstate Commerce Com-
missioner C. A. Prouty.

In the course of his address in which he paid
many compliments to Vermont as a state and the
citizens of the commonwealth. Justice Stafford
said:

"Justice Brewer has spoken of the loyalty of
the citizens of Vermont to the law, and I • also
have a word to add on that subject. We never
heard of the unwritten law in Vermont. A state
may boast of its lineage; may say it is one of
the thirteen colonies; may be either north or
south — I care not what its lineage or its boasts
may be — when it allows a citizen to go out and
shoot down another deliberately and permits him
to come into court and say, 'I am justified on
the unwritten law; I have taken the law into my
own hands; I am judge and jury.' then that
state belongs with the states of barbarians. And

798

THE PANDEX

yet I have heard lawyers right here in this com-
munity— I have heard persons here — quote a
judge in support of this doctrine.

"The unwritten law gives the man killed no
trial. Isn't that a manly thing to do — silence a
man's lips in death and then plead the unwritten
law, refuse the dead man a trial, but demand a
trial and justification for himself?

"Next to the unwritten law, among barbaric
customs is that of pleading temporary insanity.
I have a great respect for the man who, for the
sake of a great principle and to uphold a great
cause, goes out and defies the law. Such a man
was John Brown. He knew it was treason to con-
tinue his campaign at Harpers Ferry, and he
knew it was death. But he acted for the sake
of the black race of the south. And when some
one suggested at the trial that Brown was insane,
he quickly rose to his feet and showed that the
others in the trial room were no more sane than
he. Put that man beside the southern gentleman
who shoots down another and who asks the jury
to justify his crime because he had a brain-
storm."

CRIME A BUSINESS, HE SAYS.

Police Magistrate Declares Justice in New York
City is a Mockery.

The urgency of the need for some manner
of moral regeneration among the American
people is indicated in the following from the
Kansas City Times:

New York. — "Crime has become a business in
New York City. Organized bands of criminals
are preying upon the people, and conditions were
never so bad here as they are now. Mawkish
sentiment, together with light punishment by
our judges, has resulted in a growth of rascal-
ity of all kinds that is most amazing to those
who come in daily contact with it."

This statement was made by Judge Cornell
after he had made some severe strictures from
the bench of the Harlem court in holding Henry
Stolzer in $1,500 bail for trial on a charge of bur-
glary. Although the prisoner's picture is in the
Rogues' gallery, the magistrate had some diffi-
culty to get a complaint made against him.
Stolzer is accused of having committed several
burglaries in Harlem.

"I have been eleven years on the bench," said
the magistrate, "and I am sure that crime is
more rampant now than at any other time. There
is such a lot of mawkish sentiment in the com-
munity that a criminal, after being found guilty,
is treated so leniently that punishment has be-
come a joke. In crimes of considerable magni-
tude it is often difficult to have complaints
pressed, even when we have good cases against
the prisoners. The ease before me to-day was
one in point. It is ten to one that Stolzer will
get a light sentence down town and will soon be
free to prey upon good citizens.

Certain Lawyers are Experts.

"It is perfectly apparent to any one sitting in
a magistrate's court, where we get to know more
about crime than in any other walk of life, that
there are regularly organized bands of profes-
sional criminals in this city who are daily grow-
ing bolder.

"It is no exaggeration to say that crime in
New York is now on a business basis. This is
shown in the ease and rapidity with which pick-
pockets, wire tappers, confidence men and thugs
find bail and lawyers to defend them. The grow-
ing alliance between criminals and certain law-
yers has become so open that I have come to
know what counsel different sorts of offenders
will have appear for them. There are specialists,
so to speak, in all branches of rascality."

AN ITALIAN SOCIETY OF CRIME.

Amazing Scope of the Black Hand Organization
in the United States.

What the business of crime may lead to
if not checked before too late is to be in-
ferred from the following account from the
New York "World of an Italian society,
whose organized operations in crime have
recently been taking increasing hold in
America : '

Wilkesbarre, Pa. — District-Attorney Salsburg
rested for the prosecution in the trial of the thir-
teen alleged Black Hand leaders. After the first
witness had testified he stated that he thought
that he had clearly proved the charges of con-
spiracy and that he would keep his thirty other
witnesses for rebuttal.

In his investigation of the great number of
cases against the accused, and his talks with the
witnesses, District-Attorney Salsburg has learned
that there are some fifty societies of the Black
Hand and Mafia order in this country and that
the chief headquarters are in New York, Phila-
delphia, Buffalo, Rochester, Paterson and Cin-
cinnati. The branches in Luzern and Lacka-
wanna Counties are considered some of the most
important. The organization reaches into the
West and South wherever there are a number
of Italians, drawing thousands of dollars from
the pockets of its victims and- leaving in its
course a trail of blood and terror.

How many members are in it, how many rec-
ognized heads there are, what proportions of the
revenue secured under the name of tribute for
protection goes to the collectors, the sub-chiefs
and the chiefs are not known. The actual mem-
bership constantly changes. It has been learned
that a number of the Italians comprise a sort of
passive membership in order to be certain that
they will not be molested. In this capacity they
are admitted to meetings at which matters of
minor importance are discussed.

In each community the membership, aside from
those passive members, is composed of a recog-
nized chief and as many men as he believes he

THE PANDEX

799

BAY

THE DELAWARE KIDNAPING CASE.

Diagram of Marvin Place, showing where body was found. X marks the marsh in which
were found the remains of the boy who was thought kidnaped and for whom the whole East
has been searching.

— Chicago Tribune.

needs to carry on the work of creating such a
reign of terror that the victims selected will pay
without protest the sums demanded.

Sam Lochino, one of the thirteen now on trial
here, is said to have declared at meetings of the
order that he was the leader of sixty-seven men
and Vincenso De Longe that he had thirty-seven
under his command. Conditions here, the Dis-
trict-Attorney says, are the same as in other
places where the society flourishes.
Desperate Threats.

The title of Black Hand is most generally used,
but the divisions, particularly in centers like
Pittston, near here, where there are several thou-
sand Italians, have such sub-titles as the Iron-
head or the Stronghand. Signing the threaten-
ing letters which they send to their victims by
these titles, the tribute collectors endeavor to in-
stil a wholesome fear.

The letters which have been presented in court
^here this week contain dire threats. Victims
have been told that their flesh will be cut in
strips, their hearts torn out or their heads cut
off. Lettere are followed by personal visits and,
those failing to produce the desired money, vio-
lence follows.

There have been seventeen murders committed
in this portion of the state in the last few years
which have been attributed directly to the Black

Hand and the Mafia. Scores of houses have been
dynamited and with such devilish ingenuity that,
instead of being destroyed, they were damaged
suflHciently to indicate the intent and to produce
the desired effect of frightening the community.
In the case of Charles, Joseph and Salvatore
Rizzo, the three chief informers in the present
trial, their house was attacked at night and over
fifty shots fired through it with the purpose of
intimidating them and forcing them to pay
tribute.

Scores of families have fled from this region
and they are being induced by the Commonwealth
to return and tell their experience. Invariably
they declared that they fled to avoid the death
threatened by the society.

Aid from New York.

That the real chiefs of the order in New York
and in Paterson are vitally concerned in the
operations in various parts of the country is evi-
dent by the experience of the authorities here.

When it has been decided to either kill or
wound a man who has defied the society or furn-
ished information about it to the police, the prac-
tice has been to bring into the region some Ital-
ians who are unknown. These men usually ar-
rive at the proposed scene of the crime at night.

The victim is pointed out to them, and they
commit the assault or murder and disappear as

830

THE PANDEX

rapidly as they came. In no instance has a con-
viction followed such an attack. In cases such
as those now on trial it has frequently occniTed
that bail was supplied in large sums from New
York, and that the prisoners bailed out never ap-
peared for trial. The present defendants are
plentifully supplied with money.

The wide power of the society is evident by
the number of victims who, having fled from one
region to escape persecution and violence, have
been attacked and compelled to suffer in other
districts. A short time ago a courageous Italian
after giving information to the police at Pitts-
ton about the Black Hand organization, removed
to Berwick with his family. A few nights later
he was called to the door and shot dead by four
men. Another man who came from Rochester,
after incurring the enmity of the Black Hand
was killed. His body was found in one mine
hole and his head in another.

Pietro Perrino, nicknamed "Peter the Ox," a
Black Hand leader, who was one of the chief sus-
pects in the barrel murder mystery in New York
a few years ago, sought to hide himself from
friends of the victim, also a Black Hand man,
by going to Pittston. One night he was shot to
death in his doorway.

Another Italian who had refused to pay tribute
and threatened to tell the police was stabbed to
death at Pittston. These are but a few of the
many similar crimes. In none of them was the
murderer ever discovered.

BAND AGAINST "BLACK HAND"

Italian Priests to Form Societies as Result of

Trial at Wilkesbarre.

Wilkesbarre, Pa.— The defense in the trial of
the alleged members of the "Black Hand" so-
ciety dosed after a number of witnesses had been
introduced in an effort to prove an alibi for each
of the accused. District-Attorney Salisbury says
that as soon as the June term of court opens the
accused will be tried on other charges, a number
of which have been made against them.

This afternoon Bishop Hoban, of the Scranton
diocese, met the Italian priests of the diocese and
discussed plans for aiding in crushing out the
Black Hand society operations in this region. It
was resolved to form a protective society in
each Italian parish of the diocese and to pledge
the members to furnish what information they
can obtain about Black Hand operations, so that
prosecutions may follow. — ^Washington Post.

SHAKING UP THE POLICE

New York Commissioner Finds a Way to Upset
Long-Standing Graft.

That the police of a city can effectually
deal with crime, or at least can have the
criminal alliances within its own organiza-
tion so broken up as to give promise of bet-
ter work outside of the organization, is sug-

gested in the following from the New York
World:

The long-dreaded bomb has been exploded in
the Police Department by Commissioner Theo-
dore A. Bingham. He is confident that he has at
least knocked a few holes in the "System"
which for many years has corrupted the force
from top to bottom. He has other bombs which
will be exploded within the next month or two,
and before he gets through he expects the "Sys-
tem" will be shattered into splinters.

The explosion shook the department from end
to end and put several inspectors, it is believed,
on the road to speedy retirement.

Inspector William W. McLaughlin, one of the
wealthiest and most powerful men in the depart-
ment, was taken from command of the Detective
Bureau at Headquarters and sent to do captain's
work at the Main Street Station, Westchester,
one of the most remote, unimportant and least
desirable precincts in the greater city.
Even McClusky Is Hit.

Inspector George W. McClusky, the bosom
friend of Senator Pat McCarren, whom, it was
predicted, the Commissioner would not dare to
touch in an unfriendly way, was degraded and
sent to a captain's duty at the West Thirtieth
Street Station — the Tenderloii precinct.

The assignment of McClusky to this important
post compared with the humiliating precincts
given McLaughlin and other inspectors, was re-
garded by some as a compromise on the part of
the Police Commissioner and the McCarren ma-
chine with which Mayor McClellan is identified,
and by others as a decoy on the part of Gen.
Bingham to pave the way for McClusky 's retire-
ment from the force. These latter hold that
McClusky must "make good" by keeping the lid
screwed down tight in the Tenderloin or be
hauled up on charges.

Inspector Adam A. Cross, who rivals Mc-
Laughlin in wealth and power in the department,
was jolted out of the very important post of
Borough Inspector of Brooklyn and Queens and
given the insignificant assignment of captain of
the Hamburg avenue station, Brooklyn.

Inspector Stephen O'Brien, who was one of the
pets of the department during the regime of
Theodore Roosevelt and who was supposed by the
prophets to be safe from the "iron ball," met
the fate of McLaughlin, Cross and McClusky.
He was taken from the Inspectorship of the Fif-
teenth District, with headquarters at Sheephead
Bay, and which takes in Coney Island, to do cap-
tain's work at the West Thirty-seventh Street
Station.

4305 PEE CENT PROFIT

Extraordinary Scale Upon Which Pennsylvania
Capital Contractors Worked.

Probably the most spectacular lack of bus-
iness conscience which has ever been exhib-
ited to the American people is that afforded

THE PANDEX

801

^^♦♦♦»*

'♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦«♦ ^4-*-**-*~*-*-^-^ ♦♦•

NEW YORK'S TRANSIT TRAGEDY!

-New York American.

802

THE PANDEX

in the building of the Pennsylvania State
Capitol. Said the Philadelphia North Amer-
ican concerning one of the latest phases of
this affair:

Harrisburg, Pa. — The enormous overcharges
made by contractors and builders of the $13,000,-
000 Capitol are brought out in a startling man-
ner in itemized statements being prepared by the
auditors of the Capital Investigating Commis-
sion.

These statements give the cost of the various
articles in the building, and show, more than
anything else yet developed, just how the state
was filched for the "trimmings" supplied upon
the contracts awarded by the Pennypacker Board
of Public Grounds and Buildings.

The Senate caucus room, where the commis-
sion's public sessions are held, proves to be one
of the most expensive in the building. The room
contains four chandeliers, for which the state
paid $14,622.75; seven wall brackets at $7396.25,
and one desk light, at $242.50. These "trim-
mings" are all bronze, for which the state paid
John H. Sanderson, of Philadelphia, at the rate
of $4.85 per pound. Added to this is the cost for
the fake "Baccarat" glass globes, at $1315.35,
making a total for the lighting fixtures alone of
$23,576.85.

In this room the rostrum cost $351.44; eighty-
five chairs $10,023.30; three sofas, $3096; two
tables, $1398.40; three pairs curtains, $1115.20,
and two thermostats, $237. The painting and
decorating cost $11,221.56; cement floor, $236.64;
parquetry flooring on top of the cement, $1438.20
and carpet on top of all $755.82. This brings the
cost of the furnishings up to $88,242.97.

The House caucus room, although costing con-
siderably more, does not have the elegant appear-
ance of the Senate room. The three chandeliers
in the House room cost $17,450; six wall brack-
ets, $4,001.25, and the one desk light $242.50.
These are all bronze and bought by the pound.
The "Baccarat" glass globes cost $1,915.20, mak-
ing the total of the lighting fixtures, $22,973.55.

One hundred chairs in this room cost $19,-
169.40 ; two sofas, $4,953.60 ; two tables, $625.60 ;
four pairs of silk curtains, ^1486.94, and two
thermostats, $158. The parquetry flooring cost
$1915.20, and the carpet on top $921.31 ; painting
and decorating, $9,450. The rostrum of this
room cost $55,604.80, making a total for the en-
tire furnishing of $117,258.40.

For the "trimmings" in both rooms the state
paid $205,501.37, or an amount large enough to
buy a good sized business block in most any city.
The two rostrums in these rooms were con-
structed by the sub-contractors for $2,060. San-
derson collected $88,688.80 profit on the job, or
4305 per cent.

ARMY MAN AS "FRAUD KING"

New York Detectives on Trail of Capt. W. P.
Williams, Arch Promoter.
New York. — An amazing tale of frenzied fi-

nance operations has been revealed through the
departure of private detectives for Philadelphia
in a search for Capt. William Plumb Williams, a
former army officer and promoter of various
startling schemes in this city and Washington.

The former array man is sought on a warrant
issued by Magistrate Mayo in the west side police
court, charging him of having defrauded the
Long Acre hotel out of a board bill for $176.71.
This is only one of many actions, both civil and
criminal, the dashing captain will have to defend
when once he is landed behind the bars of a cell.

Capt. Williams is known to almost every army
officer of any importance in Washington. He is
a member of the Army and Navy club of this city
and the Metropolitan club of Washington.

Schemes Always Dazzling.

Whatever this resourceful Von Moltke of fi-
nance has done always has been upon the most
brazen wholesale scale. Associated with him in
most of his ambitious schemes has been his wife,
beautiful, wealthy, and clever, who is a daughter
of a wealthy liquor man of Cambridge, Mass.
His father, Maj. William H. H. Williams, also
was identified with him, but usually in a small .
way.

Some of the things said to have been done by
Williams are:

Floated a $20,000,000 scheme to operate a rail-
road system on Long Island on rights of way that
later were declared absolutely worthless.

Organized a company that issued $500,000
worth of gold bonds in another railroad enter-
prise. The bonds were repudiated, but Williams
cleaned up a neat sum.

Wanted Panama Canal Contract.

Tried to secure financial backing for a concern
to dig the Panama canal, but Washington only
nibbled at the bait.

Started a railroad company with $500,000 capi-
tal stock, ran his partners into debt. The part-
ners lost, but the captain won.

Organized a company with "dummy" direc-
tors, operating it with the aid of his wife. The
company failed, but Capt. Williams came out
ahead.

Swindled hotelkeepers, merchants, and friends
by worthless checks.

He was short nearly $1000 in his accounts with
the government while in charge of a United
States transport. His bonding company made
good.

Borrowed freely of brother officers in the
army, but when it came to paying his memory
failed.

Hypothecated worthless stock to pay clamorous
creditors.

Used, without their consent, the names of Au-
gust Belmont's trust companies to give prestige
to his schemes.

The profits from his various sham enterprises
are estimated at more than $500,000. — Chicago
Tribune.

THE PANDEX

803

APOSTLE LAWSON RECEIVES A COUPLE OF CONVERTS!

— Denver Post.

MERCY TO AMERICAN VALJEAN

President's Heart Is Touched by Story of Es-
caped Convict Who Reformed.

In the midst of the relentlessness with
which crime is being prosecuted it is refresh-
ing to read the following from the Washing-
ton Post and New York World as evidence
that America is not going to repeat the
tragedies of "Les Miserables " :

President Roosevelt has shown that he believes
in giving the man who has the courage and moral
force to live down a bad record a chance to win
the fight. John Williams January, who escaped
from prison, and for nine years lived an honor-
able and upright life as Charles W. Anderson,
emulating Jean Valjean, the central figure of
Victor Hugo's "Les Miserables," and has again
been thrown into prison through the betrayal of
a former comrade with whom he refused to as-
sociate, will not be permitted to remain long be-

hind prison bars. As soon as official red tape
can be cut Anderson will be given his freedom.
The effort to free John William January from
the penitentiary was participated in by United
States Senators, preachers, lawyers, bankers, edi-
tors and forty thousand people from every walk
of life in the Missouri Valley. It was seven
years ago, after his escape, that January met the
woman who became his wife. She was but sev-
enteen years old then. They were married, fitted
up a little home and seemed exceedingly happy.
Anderson, as January called himself, kept ])is
secret from his wife. Three years ago a baby-
girl came to brighten their home.

Anderson got money enough together to start
a restaurant. While in prison he had been em-
ployed in a harness shop with another convict.
\^'^len this man was freed he went to Kansas
City. He dropped in at Anderson's restaurant
for something to eat and recognized the escaped
convict. Then he wrote the warden of the peni-
tentiary for a photograph of January, for whose
capture there was a reward offered of $60.

804

THE PANDEX

January insists that the man, whose name, he
declares, is Ben T. Barnes, used the photo to
force money from him.

While January was walking in the street one
night two detectives accosted him by his real
name.

"I will go with you," he answered quietly.

Later a small, dark-eyed woman entered the
police station. "What is wrong?" she screamed
as she saw the pallor on her husband's face. An-
derson fell to a couch in a faint. He was revived
and, placing his arm about her, told her the
whole story. Their little daughter, Lucille,
looked on as her father and mother wept.

"I will stand by you," the wife declared.

But the ex-convict who betrayed January is
not to get the reward. He did not make the ar-
rest; he left it for the police, and the prison war-
den has decided that the reward shall go to the
men who actually did it. The latter say they
will send the money to January's wife, who has
little to live upon.

Barnes declares he "gave away" his former
prison-mate because he had been trying to re-
gain his citizenship and that he had been told by
interested persons if he would "come through"
with the whereabouts of January it was his busi-
ness to do so. He will not now regain his
citizenship.

BANDIT BATTLES WITH TEN.

Mounted Troopers Finally Kill Mexican Scourge
After Shooting Him Eight Times.

Guadalajara. — Enrique Chavez, the most no-
torious Mexican bandit of the century, has just
met a tragic death near Paschotetan. He fell
only after having been pierced by eight bullets.

During the last five years Chavez has system-
atically terrorized the whole country north of
Jalisco. State troops have been on his trail
practically all the time, but his system of look-
outs and the mountain fastnesses of the country
have served to prevent his capture.

His fight to the death was against ten state
troopers who had followed him more than 100
miles. His horse gave out and the fight followed.

The bandit king was alone, having been sep-
arated from the other members of the bandit
band, whom he led, and when he saw that further
flight was useless he dismounted, got behind his
horse and gave battle.

The troopers circled about him, firing as they
rqde. In the fight he emptied three saddles and
one of the wounded men died later.

Upon assurance that Chavez was dead the
troopers rode up to the body where it lay beside
his dead horse. They found four bullets in his
breast and four others in various parts of his
body.

Chavez had emptied a saddle carbine and two
revolvers in the fight and apparently was at-
tempting to reload when killed.

News of the bandit's death was received in
Northern Mexico with open rejoicing. He has

long been a scourge to the country, killing and
pillaging in the sparsely inhabited districts.

He was reputed to have been entirely without
pity for man, woman, child or beast. He was
only 31 years old when killed. — St. Louis Re-
public.

UNSEEN, TO VIEW CROOKS.

Sleuths Will Look Over Criminals from Behind
a Curtain with Slits.

The Central office men have been set guessing
by a new piece of apparatus that has made its
appearance in the Detective Bureau. Workmen
have been busy there for the last two days with
the result that some cleats have been nailed up,
a wire strung and two green baize curtains
placed so that a part of the room may be shut
off. In the curtain when drawn are small slits or
peep holes through which a person standing close
behind the curtain might observe any one who
passed before it. No order concerning the uses
of the curtain has been sent out, but the detec-
tives believe that the curtain fixtures have been
devised by Commissioner Bingham to carry out
his expressed wish that a means should be found
by which the detectives might look over and fix
in their memories the faces of crooks detained
by the police without giving the crooks the same
opportunity for a mental photograph of the
detectives.

Every morning the men assigned to detective
duty at the Central Office assemble in the bureau
for the purpose of "looking over" the "suspi-
cious" persons and old offenders who have been
picked up the night before. The sleuths are
puzzling their heads to figure out how they can
use the curtain arrangement to the best advan-
tage. They say that in looking through the
slits they will be able to see only the faces of
the men they are observing, and that it is by no
means the face alone that helps them in remem-
bering a man. Peculiarities of body build or mo-
tion help even more. The detectives believe that
the best way to overcome the difficulty is to nl-
law them to wear masks or dominoes during the
daily "looking over." — New York Sun.

TO MAKE VAGRANTS USEFUL.

Chicago Man Wants a Municipal Farm Estab-
lished.

The establishing in or adjacent to Chicago of
a, municipal farm and supply factory for the
utilization of wasted vagabond energy is the plan
suggested yesterday by Attorney James Edgar
Brown to solve the growing problem, of how to
rid Chicago of crooks, "vags," and confidence
men of every description.

"Chicago is known throughout the underworld
as the bums' paradise," said Mr. Brown. "If
the vagabonds and crooks were put to useful em-
ployment the city soon would lose that unenvi-
able title."

THE PANDEX

805

There is an intimate relationship, he said, be-
tween the number of vagabonds arrested and the
commission of more serious crimes, such as mur-
der, assault, and burglary. In proof of that he
produced the followifag figures showing that
homicides are most numerous where there is
the smallest number of arrests for vagrancy:

Va- Bur- Rob- Lar- Homl-

grancy. glary. bery. ceny. cide.

New York . • 8.335 2.279 616 2.014 142

Philadelphia. '05. .4.129 109 252 4,407 65

Chicago, 1905 ... 361 1,780 5,234 5,234 177

"The vagrancy bill now before the legislature
is extremely important and should be passed,"
said Mr. Brown. "The rock pile provision is a
step in the right direction. I believe, however,
we should utilize the wasted hobo energy by put-
ting the arrested bums to work at productive
employment.

"In Belgium and some parts of Germany they
have farms and factories in which the 'vags'
are put to work for the community. This should
be done in Chicago.

"Chicago never derived the benefit it should
from the labor that ought to be performed by
arrested 'vags.' There is a tremendous amount
of energy going to waste here and if it were put
to use the hobos could raise enough potatoes in
Cook county *to feed the world.

"At present the hoboes are a liability, one of
the heaviest liabilities, on the community. The
community feeds them. Why not make them an
asset? The hobo is valuable motive power run-
ning loose. He should be caught up and utilized
to the best advantage of the community on which
he feeds and preys.

"Think of the potential energy bound up in
muscles and sinews of the hundreds of thousands
of tramps in the United States. If they will not
provide for themselves, the community must step
in and compel them to contribute to society their
share of the world's work.

"A community is judged by the presence or ab-
sence of vagabonds. Women are safer where
they are absent, and holdups, robberies and mur-
ders are fewer in proportion as the number of
vagabonds decreases. This has been the repeated
experience of Chicago."

WOMEN IN TEXAS PRISONS

Mistreatment of Convicts Leads to a Movement
for G-eneral Reform.

San Antonio, Tex. — Great indignation has been
aroused in the various woman's clubs of Texas
by the condition surrounding the women convicts
on the farm set aside for their employment near
Huntsville.

The situation was ma^e public in a report of a
legislative investigating committee, who visited
the farm and saw the women at work in the fields.

The report announces that the women are do-
ing the same work in the fields of the convict
farm that is done by men on other farms ; that
■ their quarters are crowded, 400 women being con-
fined where there is only room for 200.

The report further discloses that the women
have practically no medical attention, and many
of them who come to the farm in poor health are
forced to work outdoors in all kinds of weather,
often resulting in serious illness and death.

These women are for the most part of the
poorer classes, and in many instances are accus-
tomed to the hard labor they are called upon to
perform.

But the argument of the investigating com-
mittee, which is indorsed by the women who are
taking the matter up, is that the penitentiary
should be made a place where these women can
reform rather than sink lower in the moral scale.

A sensation has been created by the disclosures
in this connection, and it is expected that the
publicity that has been given to conditions sur-
rounding women convicts will lead to a change
in the methods of employing and caring for these '
persons.

At the various district meetings of women's
clubs now about to be held throughout the state
the matter will be taken up and appropriate ac-
tion taken.

WESTERNER BURNING UP HIS MONEY.

New York. — An eccentric individual from the
far west "lit up" Broadway recently with $1
bills. He had a cigar that would not burn and
every few feet or so the breezy Westerner would
stop, take tlie match and a new $1 bill from his
pocket, apply the burning match to the bill and
the bill to the recalcitrant "rope." His progress
from Thirty-fifth to Forty-seventh street was a
procession of watch or rather bonfires.

The Hoboes' Signal Code

The hoboes Yorkward make their way,
The wise cat, vag and bum.

And whisper low : " Oh ! let us prey. ' '
As to our town they come,

Nu spelling — not Laird Andy's kind,
Nor Teddy's short-lived lore —

Upon the "brownstone" stoops they find,

And on the flathouse door.
' ' New York 's a pipe ! ' ' the hoboes cry,

While slipping 'neath the lid.
"It's just like taking lemon pie

And candy from a kid."

806

THE PANDEX

Who stole the Hoboes' Guide Book?

Exposure of their secret code, intended to turn
the trials of life into the joy of living, has given
their "snap" away, and consternation rules the
former tranquil minds of the "brotherhood."

Members of the leisure band, with duties no
more irksome than side-stepping unkind offers of
work, compiled the "key to hap-
piness" in the long winter hours
under the encouraging environment
of the city's lodging-house.

To escape the labor of copying
the Code for its members, the
brotherhood memorized it, at leis-
ure, but a more enterprising one
wrote it and now the secret is out.

The member whose pleadings with the farmer's
wife for help were unavailing

X"J was to leave for the benefit of
•■^ others following in his wake a
I I zero sign of discouragement
posted on fence, apple-tree or

Work Here chicken COOp.

Now members of the moving band will have
to take chances on the watch dog,
on the grouchy farmer and the
inconsiderate spinster who always
makes him wash windows for a
breakfast, just the same as
though his happy scheme had

You Can Get Food

never been evolved.

Patsy Loiter, dean of the
Itinerant Order, wrote- the Code. Its purpose
was purely benevolent. Given a corporation
name, it meant "Protection to
Our Members," a chainless af-
fair where each was pledged to
help the other.

The circle with an X inside
added appetite to the hungry

when success attended their Handed over to Police

efforts.

A four-legged hieroglyphic was to warn the
timid, if such there might be among their niun-
bers, against the watch dog's honest bark.

Another chicken track meaning "work here'^
was intended to speak for itself,
and the members were to con-
sult their own inclinations in
taking advantage of it. dobs in the Garden

Another phrase destined to be

A ^ ... of use to the members was one

\m /vln advising them where the sym-

tM **■** pathy game could be worked

upon susceptible women folk.

picicaYarn. There's a rp^j g^^g others from their own

Woman in House

bitter experiences is the in-
tended keynote of the code. The police warning
was to be of particularly good use.

The "get-out-of-town" signal, it is claimed by
the wanderers, when it would save them from
embarrassment, was worth the
whole trouble of thinking out
the code.

William C. Yorke,, superin-
intendent of the Municipal
Lodging-House, No. 398 First
Avenue, who has always bid his °«S«possTbr
guests, the hoboes, a fond fare-
well when they departed for their summer
outings, heartless as it makes his former kindness
appear, now holds the code, the destroyer of their
summer's happiness. The code was lost from the
pockets of one of Mr. Yorke 's guests during a
vigorous argument of the hotel officials trying
to enforce the bathtub ordinance.

THE PANDEX

807

A TALE OF ADVENTURE

Perhaps if there were more careers, or
opportunities for careers, such as the follow-
ing, there would be less of the strifes and
passions which go to make up the modern
catalogues of social ills. Not that such careers
commend themselves for their virtues or ap-
peal to the moral code as worthy of emula-
tion, but that modern conditions have de-
prived life of too much of its adventures and
left men without healthy vent to healthy in-
stincts. The body cries for open air and the
exhilaration of motion. It gets the smoke
of factories and the noise of street cars. The
article herewith is from the New York Sun :

Before the Pacific Ocean is bridged by the
wireless telegraph and before the criss-cross
paths of many ships have made its wilderness as
familiar as the Atlantic and uncovered to the
eye of a humdrum world its secret places, the
saga of its romance days should be written and
the thousand and one tales of its venture lands
put upon record. And when this has been done

one Alexander McLean, who is known from
Punta Arenas to Herschel Islands as Sandy, will
have come to his own.

For Sandy McLean is a maker of romance.
That is not his business but a byproduct of his
activities. Where Capt. McLean drives his ship
there is truth stranger than fiction and fiction
that passes for truth.

Along the Pacific Coast of America and across
the water from Saigon to Hakodate there has
sprung up a cycle of legend and of fact about
the doings of this skipper, whose invention is
beyond belief and whose courage is above the
normal. The late Frank Norris knew him and
in his stories of the "'Three Black Crows" the
chronicles of Sandy McLean are made more than
once to serve the end of fiction. Jack London
has publicly announced that McLean is the pro-
totype for his savage Wolf Larsen of the "Sea
Wolf" and London says that he once sailed un-
der McLean's mongrel Central American flag as
a seal poacher.

Sandy McLean is still living and he is for
many reasons a modest man. For many reasons,
also, he now makes Victoria, B. C, his head-
quarters, though he is an American by adoption,

808

THE PANDEX

and he studiously avoids American waters ex-
cept those that are very remote.

San Francisco knows Sandy better than does
New York, and Yokohama has more than once
been his refuge. In his temporary retirement on
Vancouver Sound he cannot take offense if the
record of some of his achievements, real and
aprocryphal, is set'forth with a wholesome par-
tiality for truth. He has suffered much at the
hands of Mr. London and of some of the San
Francisco papers.

Copra and Opium.

Sandy McLean says he was born in Nova
Scotia and that he is of Scotch parentage. He
was brought up on the deck of a fishing smack
and the salt of the sea was the savor of his
youth.

When he left the North Atlantic and began to
make the Pacific his familiar working ground is
not known. Sandy himself does not say, but it
is a matter of record that about fifteen years
ago this big man with the tremendous moustache
and the muscles of a Scotch heaver of the stane
began to run in and out of San Francisco in
what seemed to be legitimate business. The
reservation in this statement is made necessary
- by the fact that it is not known when McLean
began to indulge in business which the laws of
this country and of the nations have condemned
as illegitimate.

About ten years ago the customs oflfieers in
San Francisco began to find tins of opium buried
in sacks of copra. The copra was shipped from
Samoa, where at that time there was only a
duty of 2 per cent upon opium from China.
Sometimes the customs inspectors found $5,000
worth of opium in one consignment of copra.

Sandy McLean was then running between San
Francisco and Samoa and the islands of the sea
carrying a general cargo. After the customs
officers had beg^n to make an investigation into
the matter of the smuggled opium Sandy Mc-
Lean gave up the South Sea regular run and
v.-ent in for adventure.

There was never a warrant got out against
Sandy, nor did his name appear in the papers.
Some noticed as a coincidence the fact that he
went off on the South Sea treasure hunt at about
the same time that the opium began to be found
in the copra.

Gold Brick for M'Lean.

This treasure hunt was unique for the big
Scotch captain, because it was the first and
only time in his life that he was ever caught
with a gold brick. There are men who still mar-
vel at the fact that anybody could ever "hand
Sandy McLean anything," but on this occasion
he certainly was deceived.

McLean had built for himself a beautiful
schooner. It was three masted, low in the free-
board, and it possessed a finer run of line than
any other schooner on the Pacific. Speed was

spelled in its every curve, and speed was the
requisite that McLean demanded in his business.

Shortly after McLean had built the boat
Customs Inspector Foster of San Francisco sent
a letter to the American Consul-General at Apia,
Samoa, warning him that a notorious skipper
by the name of McLean was about to leave San
Francisco for the South seas together with a
party of sixteen landsmen and that waterfront
rumor had it that his schooner, the Sophia Suth-
erland, had arms concealed aboard of her. The
expedition was ostensibly bound for an island
in the western Pacific to hunt for gold, wrote
the customs agent.

This was in the spring of 1898. When the
customs agent's letter reached Apia the Ameri-
can Consul-General went to see the English and
German Consuls. He found that the German
Consul had received the same warning as he
from the German Consul in San Francisco. It
was decided by the three agents that the Ameri-
can Consul-General should be left to handle the
shady affairs of his nationals.

The Treasure Hunt.

In due time the Sophia Sutherland appeared
at Apia and the American representative got out
his boat and went out to the schooner's side.
McLean met him— McLean, the big, bluff, good
natured fellow, who could be a gentleman when
he put on his high hat to go ashore.

Besides McLean there were sixteen healthy me-
chanics and small traders on board. They all
impressed the Consul as respectable citizens who
had embarked innocently on a treasure hunt for
the pure love of adventure. In short, Sandy
McLean's boat could have flown the crossed
palm flag of the London Missionary Society's
schooner and not be out of character.

The Consul bluntly told McLean that he must
look below for arms. The bluff captain heartily
assented to the search. The skin of the Sophia
Sutherland's hold was taken up in several places
and not a rifle nor a round of ammunition was
found.

McLean said that there were three revolvers
on the boat and that was all they had in the
matter of weapons of defense. The consul in-
vited McLean up to his house for dinner and the
skipper put on his frock coat and silk hat of
ceremony with great good humor.

Over the kava McLean told the Consul what
his schemes were. On the waterfront in San
Francisco, he said, he had met a Dane by the
name of Sorensen who had a tale to tell of a
tremendously rich gold ledge on an island in the
Solomon group. Sorensen possessed a rough
chart of the location of the gold ledge which he
himself had made on the spot, and Sorensen
alone knew how to get to that island and how
to decipher the chart.

The Dane Identified.

McLean said that he believed the story of the
Dane was genuine and that a stock treasure

THE PANDEX

80t>

hunting company had been formed by the Dane
and himself for the purpose of seeking out the
gold. Sandy's contribution to the enterprise was
the Sophia Sutherland and his services as
skipper.

The Consul gave full credence to the skipper's
story. He had seen Sorensen on the occasion
of his first visit to the schooner and there was
something about the Dane's face that was
familiar.

For several days he went over in his mind the
voyages that he had made through the South and
West Pacific and the men he had met in strange
islands, trying to associate the bland face of
Sorensen with some past event. He compared
notes with an old South Sea skipper one day
after McLean had been in port about a week.
The skipper supplied the missing link in Soren-
sen's identity.

He was a man, so it was agreed, who had once
taken a Frenchman from Melbourne off on a
pearl hunting expedition in the New Hebrides
banks on just such a story of secret treasure as
that which McLean was following. Sorensen di-
rected the expedition, which was financed by the
Frenchman, to Vate, a cannibal island.

There on some pretext he got the Frenchman
and all the whites on board ashore. Then with
the aid of the natives among the crew he sailed
off with the boat, gathered in a herd of black-
birds, or natives from another island, and set off
for Cookstown to sell his human cargo.

Sorensen was captured, tried and sentenced to
a term of years. A British gunboat went up to
Vate and took off the luckless Frenchman and
his white associates, who had had a narrow
squeak at the hands of the man-eating natives.
Fate of Sorensen.

This story the Consul told to McLean when he
was sure that it was right. McLean sailed off in
another week, determined to give Sorensen a
chance to make good, but only under the closest
watching.

When in four months the Sophia Sutherland
put back to Apia it was without Sorensen. The
Dane, so McLean said, had tried to play his
game on the Sophia Sutherland's crew after
making a fruitless bluff at finding the mythical
island. So while the schooner was touching at a
little bay of the almost uninhabited island of
Bougainville of the Solomon group the treasure
hunters had taken Sorensen ashore, triced him
up to a palm, beaten him into insensibility and
then sailed away.

This was McLean's last treasure hunt. After
he had returned to San Francisco he went in
for the Alaskan bu.siness.

That term was all embracing. What it meant
Jack London has shown in the most unfavorable
light in his "Sea Wolf"— if. indeed, as London
says, Sandy McLean and Wolf Larsen were one.
Poaching on American and Russian seal rook-
eries, running off caches of skins, defying the
revenue cutters of the Czar and Uncle Sam with
impartial impudence — these things were inci-
dents of the Alaskan business.

Call on a Lonely Garrison.

The story of the South Sea treasure hunt is

from the lips of the man who was the American
Consul-General figuring in the tale. Miles Reiliy,
onetime captain of thf Spreckels tramp Mon-
tara, is authority for two more.

Reiliy had the misfortune to be captured by a
Japanese cruiser while trying to run a cargo
of goods into Petropaulovsky on the Kamschatka
coast in the summer of 1905. While he was await-
ing the action of the Japanese prize court in
Yokohama he told the writer of how he had twice
struck close to the trail of Sandy McLean on the
blockade running trip to the Okhotsk.

Reiliy said that in avoiding the Japanese fleet
that was cruising about the Kurile islands in
search of men like himself he put into the one
little-inhabited settlement on Cooper Island, a
Russian possession off the southeast coast of
Kamschatka. Here the Russian Government has
a fur station and there is usually about half a
company of soldiers to guard it.

Reiliy said that when he arrived he found only
ten soldiers under the command of a sergeant,
the rest having been removed in a general panic
that seized the Russians when the island of
Saghalien was threatened with invasion. These
mournful ten, marooned there on the bleak
island, had a strange tale to tell.

In the month of April, so they told Reiliy, just
after half of the garrison had left for Saghalien.
a schooner flying a strange flag such as they had
never seen before, put into the bay. The captain
of the schooner, a big American with a tremen-
dous mustache, came ashore to get water.

Russians Wined and Tricked.

The captain was an affable man. He was jolly.
They had not seen any stranger for many months
and they were glad to meet this big captain and
his crew and to have a jolly time with them.

The American captain brought two cases of
champagne ashore and that night they had a big
drinking bout. The captain could drink more
than anybody else. Everybody got blind, stone
drunk.

The next morning when the Russians awoke
they found themselves triced up like fowls for
the basting, each to his bedpost, and the big cap-
tain and all of the sailors had vanished. When
they had loosed themselves the guardians of Rus-
sia's furs discovered that the storehouse lock had
been forced and that between $15,000 and $20,000
worth of seal pelts were gone — all the store of
Copper Island.

That is one of the tales of Sandy McLean that
Reiliy told, and this the other, passing in strange-
ness even the first :

When he put into Petropaulovsky just three
days before the Japanese cruiser came down on
him, Reiliy was told of how one Alexander Mc-
Lean, a sea pirate and seal poacher sailing under
a Mexican flag in the auxiliary schooner Aea-
pulco, had put a Russian revenue cutter out of
commission in the summer of 1903 and escaped
from under the guns of that same cutter under
cover of a fog.

McLean's schooner had been caught by the
Russian cutter poaching off the Kommandorfsky
Islands, northeast of Kamschatka, caught fairly
and with bloody evidence of guilt below decks.

810

THE PANDEX

McLean tried to run, but he surrendered when a
shot was fired through his rigging. His papers
showed that his craft was the Acapulco, Mazatlan
register; his flag Mexican.

Escape of the Acapulco.

The Russian revenue boat took the Acapulco
under convoy to the nearest port of the Kom-
mandorfsky group, where McLean was to be
tried and sentence passed upon him. When the
little harbor was reached the Russians uncoupled
the auxiliary engine of McLean's boat and took
some of the parts on board their own boat, to
prevent the escape of the Acapulco.

Two days McLean and his crew remained on
the schooner, anchored a short distance away
from the Russian boat. The American captain
seemed ready to take his medicine quietly.

The third night a heavy fog settled over the
bav just after sundown. The commander of the
revenue cutter was preparing to send a guard on
board the Acapulco at 9 o'clock. He heard the
sound of hammering coming through the fog
from the direction of the captured schooner and
decided to hasten the sending of the guard, when
suddenly there was a heavy explosion just under
the overhang of the cutter, followed by the splash
of oars.

Then the Russians heard the rattle of a wind-
lass and the excited coughing of an engine. Or-
ders were given to get the cutter under way and
investigate the state of the Acapulco. At the
first turn of the engines the revenue cutter's tail
shaft spun wildly and the machinery raced.

The propeller and part of the rudder had been
blown away by the explosion of a bomb and the
revenue cutter was as helpless as a log. While
the Russians stamped and swore they could hear
the puffing of McLean's engines as the Acapulco
felt its way in the fog out to sea.

McLean must have had extra parts for the
engine concealed somewhere in the hold of his
boat for use in just such an emergency. He had
coupled up in the fog and then rowed over in a
boat and set off a bomb under the Russian's
stern.

After this exploit Captain McLean fell foul of
the United States in transactions that were va-
rious and productive of worriment to four execu-
tive departments at Washington. The suspicion
that the captain had been guilty of poaching on
the American herd of seals up around the Aleu-
tians had long been in the minds of the revenue-
cutter men on the Pacific Coast, but they had not
been able to get any evidence.

Foiled Uncle Sam.

Early in 1904 McLean took out the schooner
Carmencita from San Francisco and started
north. Complaint was then made against him to
the Department of Commerce.

The ease was submitted to the Department of
Justice, and on evidence submitted by the Secret

Service, McLean was indicted in San Francisco.
Then began a merry chase all over the Behring
Sea and north Pacific. Two revenue cutters were
instructed to bring McLean back to San Fran-
cisco dead or alive.

McLean had evidently got wind of the search
that was being made for him, for, following his
old tactics, he had put into the Mexican port of
Mazatlan after leaving San Francisco and had
again registered his boat under Mexican laws,
changed her name back to the Acapulco, and
hoisted the Mexican flag. So when after a year's
dodging and doubling in the northern seas Mc-
Lean put into Victoria with two hundred and
fifty skins aboard in September, 1905, the appeal
that had been sent to the British Columbia au-
thorities to arrest him could hot avail.

His registry and his flag were Mexican ; the
American Government could not arrest a man
under the Mexican flag for pelagic sealing with-
out special arrangements with Mexico. Strong
effort was made by the agents of the State De-
partment to get rid of the stumbling block the
crafty Sandy had thrown in the path of Amer-
ican justice, but the diplomatic snarl could not
be unraveled and the captain of the Acapulco
went free.

Ofacial Tribute to Virtue.

The last chapter in the romance of Sandy Mc-
Lean does not lack the spice of irony. He was
lauded as a patriotic American by counsel for
the United States in the joint commission of this
country and Canada called to settle claims made
against the United States through the enforce-
ment of the pelagic sealing regulations.

This encomium, passed upon him by Don M.
Dickinson, the counsel, did not appear until tlie
Judiciary Committee of the House i'l March,
1906, passed favorably upon a bill providing for
an examination by the Ninth Circuit Court into
the rights of American sealers under the Paris
arbitration. The Judiciary Committee reported
that at the time of the dispute between this Gov-
ernment and the government of Canada over the
rights of Canadian and American sealers the
American sealers organized themselves into a
committee of investigation, with a view to re-
ducing the claims of the Canadians before the
commission.

Evidence offered by them carried weight and
the Canadian claims were cut from $1,289,008 to
$463,454. In commenting upon this act. Counsel
Dickinson said :

"Conspicuous among the Americans was
Alexander McLean. He owned a half interest in
two ships seized by the United States, for which
Great Britain demanded indemnity.

"His eo-worker, a British subject, had sworn
before the Paris tribunal that he was the sole
owner. The registry of the ships did not disclose
Captain McLean's interest.

"Under the stipulations nothing could be
awarded to him, an American. But a full award
to the two ships would have benefited him to the
extent of his equities in them.

"Under the circumstances this brave and hon-,

THE PANDEX

811

est man made oath before the commission to his
part ownership when, by silent assent to the per-
fidy of his partner, he would have benefited him-
self.

"Not only did Captain McLean lose by his
truthfulness, but his activity on behalf of the
United States subjected him to many unpleasant
experiences and personal risk at the hands of the
British claimants and their friends in Victoria.

Surely such a man — and his countrymen, the
American sealers who joined, defended, and sus-
tained him — not only deserves the consideration
of his Government, but has earned the praise of
the Psalmist given to 'him who sweareth to his
own hurt, and changeth not.' "

Thus in the records of Congress remains this
tribute to the virtues of Sandy McLean, treasure
hunter and gentleman adventurer of the western
seas.

Up In the Air.

[I am confident that it will not be long
until flying machines are everywhere. — Dr.
Alexander Graham Bell.]

Not long, not long, good Dr. Bell — .

A million years or so —
Until we bridle Boreas

And ride the winds that blow;
Until we chase out in the fields

Of air and catch a steed
To take us anywhere on high

At most amazing speed.

We'll grab a cyclone by the tail

And hitch it to our car
That stands outside in readiness

To whirl us to a star;
Or half a dozen, if we wish

To do so many; then
'Twill go right up against the wind

And whirl us home again.
We '11 rope tornadoes on the spin,

And ere they know we're there
We'll get a bronco twist on them
And bust them in the air.

We'll mark the movements of the blasts

That sweep the Western plain,
And in a jiffy we will catch

And break the hurricane.
We'll break it, too, to make it work,

To trot, or walk, or stand.
Hitched anywhere and tame enough

To eat out of our hand.

Dear doctor, in that happy time

When we can butt into
Cross-currents, storms and whirligigs.

We'll think sometimes of you,
And of your great, unfaltering faith

That never turned a hair
When scoffers scoffed at trolley lines

To castles in the air.
— W. J. Lampton, in New York World.

812

THE PANDEX

/^^v-%.M

— Adapted from the Philadelphia North American.

HAVING RUN RAILROADS TO THEIR LIMIT, HE TURNS HIS ATTEN-
TION TO TRANSJT IN THE AIR.— WILL CROSS THE AT-
LANTIC IN A NIGHT.— WOMEN ENTHUSIASTS
AMONG THE AERONAUTS.

IT MAY be a slight stretch of imagination
to say that railroading reached its zenith
when railroad financiering reached its
shame, but nevertheless it is true that the
advance of the airship from the realm of
visions to the field of practical application
has taken place syehronously with the rail-
roads denouement. Evidence accumulates that
the air is now actually navigable, and, of
course, therefore, it is but a question of time

when it will become the chief sphere of
human ingenuity and exploitation.

CROSS ATLANTIC IN A NIGHT

Alexander Graham Bell Makes an Extraordinary
Prediction.
Probably the most optimistic forecast of
airships and balloons is the following from
the London correspondent of the New York
Times :

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813

Loudon. — Dr. Alexander Graham Bell, the in-
ventor of the telephone, said to me recently that
it was only a question of a brief period when
the progress of aerial navigation would make it
possible to have dinner in America and break-
fast the next morning in Europe, covering the
distance across the Atlantic in considerably less
than twenty hours.

"My expectation." said Dr. Bell, , "is that an
aii'ship will be perfected capable of making 150
to 200 miles an hour. My opinion, however, is
that the next step in aerial flight will take tho
form of .such improvements as will make possible
the creation of aerial battleships.

"The actual problem of the navigation of the
air has already been solved by the Wright broth-
ers. Naturally there will be development along
commercial lines, a feature gf which will be a
great increase in speed, but the most attention
will be paid to adapting airships to the purposes
of war. My belief is that America will be the
first country to perfect aerial battleships. This
belief is based on inside information, and from
the same source I get reliable statements on
which I base my prediction of the early produc-
tion of an airship of enormous speed.

"I am confident that it will not be long before
flying machines will be everywhere. The de-
velopments of the next few months will be un-
precedented, but the most interesting point is
that only very few know how near America is
right now to solving a question which will revo-
lutionize warfare throughout the world — I mean
the construction of a practical aerial battleship."

WRIGHT BROTHERS' AIR SHIP

Germany to Get It With an Ironclad Guarantee
Before Test.

One of the most impressive practical
phases of the problem of aerial navigation
is the success of the Wright Brothers, of
Ohio, with their ships, which use the bird
principle in their flight. The latest news
about this method is the following :

An official test of the Wright brothers' aerial
machine, with which they have professed for the
last two years to have solved the problem of
aerial flight, will be made within a few weeks in
Germany. A Berlin dispatch to the Times re-
cently announced that negotiations were under
way, and it was learned positively that the in-
ventors are now making preparations to start for
Germany.

For the last month they have been quietly ex-
perimenting with their machines at Kittyhawk,
N. C. They will sail for Germany some time this
month, and the test will be conducted under the
auspices of the recently formed German Aerial

Navigation Society, which was organized early
this year through the personal influence of the
Emperor of Germany. This society is a stock
company, and a number of the leading scientists
and wealthy men in Germany are included among
its members. Its purpose is to reimburse in-
ventors who give satisfactory proofs of having
attained a reasonable amount of success in
building and operating practical aerial machines.
Through the influence of this Society, the Ger-
man Reichstag has lately voted the sum of $125,-
000 to construct a floating dock at Lake Con-
stance, to assist Count von Zeppelin in his ex-
periments with his enormous dirigible balloon,
which has already made one or two successful
short flights.

How large an amount the German Government
or the Aerial Society has offered the Wright
brothers is unknown, but it is variously esti-
mated at from $100,000 to $400,000.

It was learned that the present negotiations
with Germany are of very recent date. Germany
is not the only country that is likely to buy this
secret of aerial flight, for it was further stated
that England, France, and Russia are inclined to
view the proposition of the Wright brothers with
favor.

ARMY AERONAUTS AT WORK

Forth Leavenworth the Center of Comprehensive
Military Plans.

Lacking the stimulus of commercial traf-
fic, airships appear to have been dependent
chiefly upon their military possibilities for
the rapid promotion of their practical use.
Said the St. Louis Republic:

Leavenworth, Kas. — Fort Leavenworth is to
be made the headquarters for military balloon-
ing for the United States army.

Lieutenant Lahm, of the army, who last year
won the international balloon race starting from
Paris, is to be detailed at the Fort to have charge
and the big war balloon, now being constructed
in the East, is expected to be flnished and to
arrive at the Fort some time next month, when
experiments, not only in aeronautics, but also
in signalling from balloons and in testing the
balloon as an aid in wireless telegraphy, will be
begun.

Major George 0. Squier, assistant command-
ant of the Signal School for the army, at Fort
Leavenworth, is one of the few experts in wire-
less telegraphy in the army to-day.

He recently returned from West Point, where
he delivered lectures to the cadets on "The

814

THE PANDEX

Signal Corps in the Campaign." On his way
back he inspected the war balloon, which is being
constructed for the army, and brought word that
it was to be shipped direct from the factory.

It is the intention of the War Department to
make Fort Leavenworth a big balloon headquar-
ters and besides the war balloons now under con-
struction others to be constructed for the army
are to be sent there for experiments before being
finally adopted.

Within a short distance of the post the Kan-
sas Natural Gas Company has its mains, through
which it furnishes gas to all of the larger cities
in the Missouri Valley. This will be tapped and
run to Fort Leavenworth so that as many bal-
loons as desired may be filled with gas at one and
the same time.

It is planned to hold balloon races at the Fort
after those held at St. Louis have been concluded,
and it is expected that balloonists of all nations
will come there and compete.

Work to Be Begun After St. Louis Eaces.

The Academic Board of Service Schools recom-
mend to the War Department that Lieutenant
Lahm, who is an officer of the Sixth Cavalry, be
sent there to take charge of the Department of
Aeronautics, and it is known that the suggestion
has been favorably acted upon.

The officer is now in France, where he is to
compete in other balloon races, then take part in
the St. Louis races and shortly thereafter come
to the Fort for permanent station.

The balloon now being made in Washington,
D. C, by Lee 0. Stevenson, one of the most
noted aeronauts of the country, for the army, is
to be the largest ever constructed in the United
States.

The bag will be sixty-five feet in diameter,
and will hold 28,000 cubic feet of gas. It will
lift over a ton, and the basket will hold fifteen
men. This basket will be six feet long, five
feet wide and four and one-half feet high.

Four men will manipulate it. It will have a
ripping strip twenty-five feet long, and it will
be possible to deflate it in half a minute.

The Signal Corps of the army is especially in-
terested in ballooning at this time. The com-
pany stationed at Fort Leavenworth has made
more advanced strides in wireless telegraphy
than any other company of the army, yet there
has been much difficulty in getting the wires suf-
ficiently high into the air to get goed results.

The best results were obtained when the wires
were sent up by a specially prepared box kite.
With such as this a message was caught at Fort
Leavenworth sent by a ship off Porto Rico.

With the big balloon it is expected that the
company will be able to communicate with all
portions of the United States. The corps will
also use the balloon in the study of military
signaling to be used in army maneuvers.

CHIEFLY BECAUSE OF WAR

European Interest in Aeronauts Due Mainly to
Military Possibilities.
Further description of the military use of
aeronautics is given in the following from
the St. Louis Republic :

The interest on the continent of Europe and
in England in ballooning, according to A. B.
Lambert, who has but lately returned from
France, where he went in the interest of the
St. Louis Aero Club, is due primarily to the
value of the airships in warfare.

European countries, says Mr. Lambert, realize
the value of balloons in war, and knowing this
they are all making efforts to perfect aerial navi-
gation as soon as possible. Each of the coun-
tries realizes that 'it will be badly handicapped
should one perfect the art of ballooning and so
be able to introduce air monsters into the con-
flicts of the future.

"It is not the sport of ballooning that is caus-
ing the European powers to pay so much at-
tention to ballooning as they are," said Mr. Lam-
bert, "but rather that they may perfect the aerial
craft and so be able to use them in the wars of
the future.

"At the present time England has France at
a decided disadvantage because of the winds
that blow over France from England, making it
easy for a craft launched into the air in England
to pass over France. Knowing this and under-
standing how helpless they would be in case of
hostilities the French Government is working its
hardest to bring about balloons that can be
steered directly into the wind so that they may
be able to send balloons over to England."

France Is the Most Enthusiastic.

Mr. Lambert says that France, of all the coun-
tries, is the most enthusiastic over ballooning and
that the army is studying the subjects in all
possible ways. England, however, is not allow-
ing her sister country across the channel to do
all the experimenting, but is doing almost as
much work as France, and in the international
balloon contest to be .held in St. Louis next Oc-
tober will be as strongly represented as France.

The governments of the world realize that
balloons will play a most important part in the
warfare of the future. However, balloons have
been used to much advantage in the wars of the
past, not as fighting machines, but rather as
spies. The balloons of the future will not only
be used as spies, but will take an actual part in
the fighting.

Because of this disposition on the part of the
Powers to use balloons in warfare, it is an-
nounced that the matter will be taken up at The
Hague conference and efforts made to prevent
the use of the balloons for dropping explosives.
Whether or not the Powers will consent to such
an arrangement is another thing, but in the
meantime the Powers are striving to perfect the
balloon as an agent of war.

THE PANDEX

815

f.i

MAP SHOWING WAR TACTICS OF THE FUTURE.

— St. Louis Republic.

WELLMAN TO TAKE DOGS

If Arctic Gas Bag Should Fail Before the Pole
Is Reached Party Might Be Able to Continue.

Chicago, 111. — In a l^ter printed in the Chi-
cago Record-Herald and bearing a Paris date,
Walter Wellman tells of the novel features and
his changed plans for his dash to the North

Pole this fall. The greatly increased amount
of food that will be carried, necessitated a big
increase in the weight of the airship which he
will use, for the voyage in the air and the details
of changes and the provisions made for sledging,
operations are told at length. In his letter
Wellman says:

"We are glad to be able to announce that the
America starts northward from our headquarters
in Spitzbergen, as we hope and believe she will

816

THE PANDEX

start late next July or in the early part of
August. The grand total weight carried in the
air or dragging over tlie surface of the earth,
gliding on the ice or swimming in the water, will
be upward of ten and one half tons, or more
than 21,000 pounds."

While firmly believing that the big balloon will
carry the party to the pole and southward again
to safety, Wellman says that to provide against
every possible contingency complete sledging
equipment, dogs, sleds, and all, will be carried
on the aerial voyage. Then if the big balloon
should fail when, for instance within fifty miles
of the pole, the journey could be continued over
the ice, that is, if the journey from a dizzy
height in the air to the ice is made without
mishap. — Kansas Citv Star.

WOMEN ENTER INTO THE SPORT

Ballooning Takes an Increasing Hold Upon the
Feminine Fancy.

Since the organization of the Aero Club, in
New York, last year, interest among women in
the sky sport has advanced like a balloon scut-
tling in the teeth of a good wind.

Scarcely more expensive than autoing, yet
offering that advantage so appreciated by the
rich, exclusiveness, which may no longer be ob-
tained anywhere on terra flrma — or on the
waters of the earth, for that matter — it is not to
be wondered at that women who can afford the
sport of ballooning take to it.

American makers of balloons and airships
have not yet placed the business on a large com-
mercial basis, but some bags are being turned
out on this continent, and others are being im-
ported from Paris.

The balloon itself can be purchased for $1000;
but the greatest expense comes in running — and
stopping — it, as for every ascension the inflating
costs $25, and this to say nothing of the railroad
fare back home !

But to thousands upon thousands of women in
large American cities this expense would be a
bagatelle, and would only serve as an added
relish.

Without doubt, if proposed races at West
Point and Pittsfield, Mass., shall come off as
planned, this spring, America will soon take its
place beside France and England as a country
of women balloonists. Some of her daughters
already have virulent cases of aerotonitis.

French women are usually in the lead in
daring departures, and so it is in the steering
of balloons. Madame Surcouf and Mile. Gache,
two women balloon enthusiasts, recently, at Paris,
disdained the service of an aeronaut, and, de-
spite warnings, made a trip alone. Their suc-
cess has emboldened many other women to
emulate their example.

The way for balloon ascensions by the fair sex
of America was opened last summer by Mrs.
Howard Gould, who on her very first trip went
1700 feet straight up into the air. The start was

made from a suburb of London. Her husband
sorrowfully watched her from the starting point,
but soon had the satisfaction of seeing her re-
turn to earth safe and sound.

Although her trip was made in British air,
Mrs. Gould was so delighted that she promised
to do all she could to make ballooning popular
on this side of the Atlantic.

Impetus has been given to the sport every now
and then by some woman who has been abroad
and caught the fever. For instance, a woman
visitor to London recently was highly elated over
the "week-end" trips taken there, and has
avowed her intention of inoculating her country-
women with the same germ.

Describing her first trip in the air, the London
visitor said :

"The peculiar sensation of ballooning, to me, is
that there is no sensation at all. There was a
wind, but since we entirely obeyed the currents
we did not notice it. It struck me as being intru-
sive to look right down into the people's private
■grounds, for in England people pride themselves
on their exclusiveness, their privacy.

The View From Above.

"All the villages looked alike; they were like
toy villages, and the trees reminded me of those
which, when children, we were warned not
to put into our mouths, for the paint would
come off.

' ' We could smell gas from the bag. Still, there
was scarcely any element of discomfort ; and
when we alighted there were as many people to
welcome us as if we had just been saved from a
shipwreck. ' '

A reputation for being the most enthusiastic
and practical woman aeronaut in England was
secured by the Honorable Mrs. Assheton Har-
board in February last, when she made her first
ascent in her own balloon, the Nebula.

She had a fixed belisf that ballooning was des-
tined to become the feminine pastime par excel-
lence, and so, after having first mastered all the
details of aeronautics in theory, had an airship
built after her own original plans.

In an hour and five minutes, the time covered
by her first flight, she sailed fifty miles. And
she personally conducted the flight, although ac-
companied by three other persons, one of them
a girl, Miss Moore-Barbason.

Prior to owning her own airship Mrs. Har-
board had won a cup offered to the woman mak-
ing the longest airship flight without a stop — she
had covered one hundred and ninety-five miles in
twelve hours, and at night, too.

"I hope the number of women aeronauts will
shortly be largely increased," said Mrs. Har-
board, recently. "I am sure if women only
knew how enjoyable ballooning is they would
not hesitate to make themselves at once ac-
quainted with its unique pleasures.

"It is the most soothing, yet most exhilarating
sport that one can imagine.

"The most noticeable and impressive thing on
a first ascent is the absolute solitude and silence
of those upper regions. The whistles of railway

THE PANDEX

817

BALLOONITIS!

Or a New Disease Manifesting Itself in St. Louis.

-St. Louis Republic.

818

THE PANDEX

trains are the last sounds to be heard. Being in
a cloud is like being in a fog.

"Immediately on descending there is a curious
ringing in the ears, and occasionally on landing
one is deaf for a minute or two, but this only
occurs after having been to a very great height.

"A curious experience sometimes met with
while in a snowstorm in the clouds is to be falling
faster than the snowflakes; this creates the start-
ling effect of snowing upward, as in some queer
' Upsidedownville. ' ' '

Of dauntless energy and perseverance in all
she undertakes. Princess Caetani di Teano is one
of the leading members of the British Aero Club.
The princess declares that ballooning is as safe
and a great deal pleasanter than sailing in a
small boat, and without the risk of seasickness.

The princess tells of an occasion when she.

with three friends, made a night ascent in a bal-
loon to witness the dawn from a great height,
but the rarefied air put her sound asleep, and she
missed her mission. Yet dawn parties are said
to promise a considerable vogue among the
women of London and Paris.

One night the ballooning party of four, of
which the princess was one, were carried away
in a hurricane, and suddenly a lighthouse gleam-
ing underneath told them that they were about
to be blown out over the sea. Instantly the
string attached to the valve was pulled; the bal-
loon plunged down on a mud flat one hundred
yards from the sea.

"I would not for the world have missed that
experience," commented the princess.

The descent was made on the coast of Holland,
while the start was from Paris. — Philadelphia
North American.

THE PANDBX

819

HOW MINE HEROES RESCUED SEVEN COMRADES FROM DEATH.

The picture illustrates the manner of rescuing the seven men who got caught
in a flooded tunnel of the Foustwell mine, near Johnstown, Pa. The rescuers
risked their lives crawling and swimming through a mile of tunnel. They were
forced several times to return because the ley water reached the roof In parts of
the tunnel. By pumping It finally was lowered enough so that the rescuing party
got through with a supply of provisions. Finally the seven men were brought up.

-Chicago Tribune,

THE WORLD OF ACCIDENTS AND MAN'S HELPLESSNESS IN THE

FACE OF IT.-^SOME HEROIC RESCUING.— NARROW ESCAPES.

—RIDICULOUS COMPLICATIONS, ET CETERA.

WHILE man is venturing into the new
field of aeronautics for his pastime
and his occupation, and while his leaning
toward anything that will create a reaction
from the excessive strain of modern life in-
creases, it is perhaps peculiarly apt to notice
how he is served in the world of accident.
For, it is the latter that upsets his hest cal-
culations, tests his ingenuity and, withal,
brings him under the sober regime of
prudence.

IN PERIL TO SAVE COMRADES

Pennsylvania Miners Waded in Water to Their
Chins in a Tunnel.
In the following incident, for example,
there is not onlv the lesson of the un-

expected, but also the example of the heroic.
The item is from the St. .Louis Globe-
Democrat :

Johnstown, Pa. — The seven men who' have been
imprisoned in the mine at Foustwell three days
were reached by the rescuing party at 10 o 'clock.
All were found alive and in good spirits.

A rescuing party of four, headed by John
Bolya, a brother of Contractor Bolya, one
of the seven men entombed in the Ber-
wynd-White coal mine at Foustwell by a
flood of water Friday noon, were first forced
back after having reached a point several hun-
dred feet in the mine where water reached the
ceiling and stopped further progress.

When the party returned pumps were set going
with greater rapidity, and some of the mine otfi-
cials believe the water will soon have been re-
duced sufficiently to allow a second attempt at
rescue.

The men in the rescue party were almost dead

820

THE PANDEX

from exhaustion. They were forced to bend low,
while water reached their chins. For over five
hours the men remained in this cramped condi-
tion, and were almost overcome when obliged
to retrace their steps. John Bolya, however,
made a heroic effort to reach a point beyond the
water where he expected the mine roof would be
higher. A rope was fastened around Bolya 's
body and he quickly rushed through the water.
After a minute he was pulled back by his com-
panions, almost dead.

For the past one hundred hours the pace of the
rescuers has been terrific, and the speed was even
more accelerated after the rescuing party
returned.

DYING CONDUCTOR SAVES TRAIN

Hurt in Wreck, He Runs to Flag Passenger
Flyer.

Still another example of the heroic is the
following from the Philadelphia North
American :

Fallon, Mo. — Fatally injured in a wreck on the
Wabash road. Conductor Nicholas Dessert ran a
quarter of a mile, flagged a rapidly ap-
proaching train, and fell unconscious on the
track as the locomotive stopped. His warning
saved the passenger train from running into the
wreckage ahead, but it is believed the effort de-
stroyed any chances he might have had to re-
cover.

Three trainmen were killed and two others
seriously injured when the boiler of a freight
locomotive exploded, wrecking the locomotive
and caboo.se. The engineer and firemen were
hurled with parts of the engine and tender one
hundred and fifty feet from the track.

GETS 11,000 VOLTS AND LIVES

Electrician Amazes Fellow Workmen by Resist-
ing Tremendous Shock.

The enduring power of man is exemplified
in the following from the New York Herald :

New Rochelle, N. Y. — James McDonald, an
electrician employed on the new electric over-
head system of the New York, New Haven, and
Hartford Railroad, has been unconscious for
twenty-four hours in the New Rochelle Hospital
from a shock he received while working with the
wires.

• The case is regarded as remarkable because
eleven thousand volts of electricity are believed
to have passed through the man's body.

McDonald was working on a platform which
A\ as built upon a flatear, when he lost his balance
and, to save himself from falling, seized one of
the larger feed wires and with his other hand
he caught hold of a signal rod. The feed wire
carries eleven thousand volts, and electricians
can not explain how the man escaped instant
death.

BELT SAVED LIFE OF WORKMAN

Went to Warn Fellow Workers and Pitched
Thirty-five Feet Through Roof.

lola, Kas. — Charles Swanson, a mechanic, fell
thirty-five feet from the roof of the Griffin mills
building at the lola Portland, struck on a rap-
idly revolving belt, was thrown violently to the
floor, and yet he has a chance to live.

Some new carpenters were working on the roof
of the building, and Swanson noticed that they
nearly fell through several times. Because of this
he mounted a ladder to the roof and warned the
men not to be careless and fall through. It was
while he was returning to the ladder that a board
he stepped on slipped and he pitched through a
hole in the roof.

While the belt pitched Swanson into the air
again, it is the only thing that saved his life. If
he had fallen straight from the place where he
slipped to the floor he would have been caught in
the machinery and probably crushed before aid
could have come. The accident happened so
quickly that none of the workmen could give a
detailed account of the affair after it was over.

Swanson was removed to the hospital, where
a preliminary examination of his condition re-
vealed that several ribs had been torn loose from
the backbone, and that the backbone was in-
jured. Whether he is injured internally or not
will determine his prospects for recovery. — Chi-
cago Tribune.

PULLS BAR FROM HIS BODY

It Had Fallen One Hundred and Twenty-five Feet
and Passed Nearly Through Him.

Ouray, Colo. — At the Camp Bird mine recently
William Peterson, a miner, was working in one
of the lower levels, clearing the track for an on-
coming car directly beneath an open upraise. A
steel pinch bar two feet long was knocked from
a stall one hundred and twenty-five feet above
and fell point down. The bar struck Peterson
squarely in the hips, and all but six inches passed
through his body. The blow knocked him down,
but he immediately regained his feet and pulled
the steel from his body. Then he dropped in a
faint. Peterson was hurried to a hospital, where
he died.

He was one of the men deported from Tellu-
ride at the time of the miners' strike there sev-
eral years ago. — Detroit Journal.

FOLDING BED 'FOLDED' MAN AND WIFE

Rescued by Chambermaid, to Whom, in Deep
Gratitude, They Gave a Gold Watch.

Creston, la. — Mr. and Mrs. Hugh Taylor, of
Portland, Ore., retired in a folding bed in a hotel
here the other evening. Something went wrong
with the bed's mechani.sm and it 'folded,' im-
prisoning Mr. and Mrs. Taylor, heads down, feet
up. They would have been smothered, probably,
had not a chambermaid heard Mr. Taylor's
feeble cries. The door was broken open and

THE PANDEX

821

they were rescued. Mrs. Taylor was unconscious,
but revived in the fresh air.

The Taylors are on their honeymoon trip.
They are very gi-ateful to the chambermaid and
gave her a beautiful gold watch. — New York
World.

TEETH IN HIS STOMACH

Johnstown Man Swallows Dentist's Product
While Asleep.

Cincinnati. — Grant Miller, a prosperous
farmer, who lives at Johnstown, Pa., suffered a
remarkable operation here recently for the re-
moval of his false teeth. One night Miller went
to sleep and forgot to remove his store molars.
About midnight he woke up and felt a severe
pain in his abdomen. He looked for his teeth and
then remembered that he had not taken them
out before retiring. Miller suffered great agony
and was put on a train and brought to this city.

Upon arriving at the hospital an X-ray ma-
chine was used and the teeth were located. After
a vain attempt to remove them he was cut open
and the troublesome molars extracted from his
stomach. Miller is expected to recover. — Pitts-
burg Gazette-Times.

HEADACHE BURST HEAD

Hole Made in Temple of Kentucky Woman
Afforded Relief.

Glasgow, Ky. — Mrs. Bettie Davis, aged sev-
enty-two, of Coral Hill, literally had her head to
burst from headache.

She took a severe headache one day recently,
which lasted all day and the next. The usual
remedies failed to give relief, and the second
night a hole like that made by a 32-caliber ball
burst in her head and the blood ran copiously on
the bed and floor.

When discovered by relatives it was thought
at first she had been shot.

The loss of blood seemed to give relief and
since she has suffered no inconvenience from her
strange affliction and the wound has been sewed
up. — Indianapolis News.

A SENSITIVE MULE

Accident in Iowa Mine Disclosed by Actions of
Animal.

The superstition of coal miners that a mine
mule is able to give warning of an impending
accident, and is also gifted with a sixth sense,
whereby it can tell when a fatality has occurred,
has taken a further hold on the employees of Glen-
dower colliery, at Mount Pleasant, as the result
of the display of this sense given by a mule when
John Zerbe, of Mount Pleasant, was killed at
that colliery recently.

The mule was at work on the surface while
Zerbe was deep in the mines. Suddenly the ani-
mal broke loose from a post to which he was
tied, ran to the mouth of the slope and again and
again repeated a loud 'he-haw,' which could be
heard about the entire colliery. The animal was

yanked away with difficulty, and when it was
forced away threw itself flat on the ground and,
pawing wildly, refused to get up.

The actions of the mule were so peculiar that
finally the miners all declared there must be a
ipan dead inside the mine.

An investigation resulted in the finding of
Zerbe 's body down in a small offset in the mine.
The body was still warm, showing that he had
been crushed to death about the time the mule
ran to the mouth of the slope and sounded its
strange knell. — Philadelphia Record.

DOG SWALLOWS $12

Government, Informed of Incident, Reimburses
Animal's Owner.

Paterson, N. J. — A remarkable tale of how his
little dog was in $12, or rather, how the $12 was
in the doggie, is told by Colonel Christopher
Columbus Shelby. The colonel says that he got
a $10 and a $2 bill the other day, and on return-
ing home he placed them on a table in the dining
room while he went to look after his canine
friends. While he was away one of the little
puppies got upon the table and just as the colonel
was coming back into the room the last corner of
the $2 bill was disappearing in the pup's mouth.

The colonel tried to make the doggie, "cougb
up," but could not, and then he was at a loss tc
know what to do. He hated to dissect the doggie
to get the $12, but did not want to
lose the money. Finally he appealed to Justice
of the Peace Keys, and the latter wrote to Uncle
Sam of the incident, with a request that new
bills be sent him. 'The justice dictated a long
statement of the facts, and to-day an order for
$12 was received by the colonel from Washing-
ton. The doggie also keeps- his $12. — Washing-
ton Post.

LOST TOE BUT WON BRIDE

A Spring Gun, a Fire, and a Traveling Butcher
Figured in Romance.

McKeever, N. Y. — Dennis Hanrahan lost his
big toe the other night, but he won the heart of
fair Bridget Madigan, so what matters it? It
matters not at all to Dennis, for without Tlie
fair Bridget he swears life would not be worth
the living, while a toeless left foot is a mere
handicap.

It all happened because Farmer John Stewart
set a spring gun for a fox and forgot to tell the
family about it. The fox had been bothering
around the chicken coop for a week, and as he
was far too crafty to put foot in a trap or taste
poisoned meat, Stewart got an idea that a spring
gun would fetch him. As he has a habit of talk-
ing aloud as he goes about his work, the farmer
thought he liad told the family all about the gun,
while, as a matter of fact, he had only broached
the subject while in the company of cows and
pigs. ■

For a much longer time than the fox had been
bothering about, Dennis had been industriously
sparking Bridget, maid of all work, coming from
two miles down the road to beg, implore, and he-

822

THE PANDEX

seeeh her to become mistress of his family. But
Bridget was slow in making up her mind. The
traveling butcher had made overtures, and she
wasn't certain. While she hesitated the accident
liappened.

Dennis appeared at 9 p. m., as per agreement,
approaching the house from the rear. He was to
get his final answer and was nervous. Possiblv
that is why his feet lagged and he stumbled over
the string attached to the gun. However it was,
the gun went off and away went the big toe on
the swain's left foot.

Immediately there was an uproar. Farmer
Stewart and his good wife rushed forth; so did
Bridget, and when the girl saw the plight of
Dennis her heart softened, and there and then
she promised to take him for bettej- or worse.
Later she admitted to Mrs. Stewart that if Den-
nis hadn't lost his toe he might have lost a wife,
but that doesn't matter a mite now that the banns
are to be published. — New York World.

Oscar Cole and dropped directly across the track
of the Norfolk and Western Railroad. — New
York World.

BABY BOY AND GIRL MIXED

French Women Quit Hospital With Infants Not
Their Own and Both Return Weeping.

Paris. — An amusing error has been committed
by a nurse attached to an Amiens hospital. Two
children were born in the hospital. One was a
boy, the other a girl ; and at the end of the week
the mothers were able to leave the hospital.

It was deemed prudent, however, that the
babies should be vaccinated before they left the
institution. A nurse took the mites into a room
for the purpose of undergoing the oneration.

This finished, the babies were wrapped up and
handed to the waiting mothers, who left the
hospital. A short time afterward one of the
women returned. She was in great distress.
Amid her sobs she announced that her little boy
had been replaced by a little girl.

She had scarcely finished making her mourn-
ful complaint when the other woman reappeared
and declared that her little girl had been taken
from her and replaced by a baby boy, which she
did not want. The complaints of both mothers
were speedily attended to. The mixed-up babies
were easily disentangled and the women de-
parted on their way rejoicing. — Chicago Inter-
Ocean.

WIND SET HOUSE ON TRACK

Hand Car With Four Men on it is Blown One
Hundred Feet.

Ashland, Ky. — During a tornado near the town
of Louisa, a Chesapeake and Ohio handcar, on
which were four men, was lifted from the track
and hurled for one hundred feet through the air.
One man sustained injuries to his spine that will
prove fatal. Two were injured seriously and one
escaped with but a few bruises.

The windows were blown from every residence
in the path of the tornado and the furniture
blown out of doors. The residence of E. G. Pen-
dleton was turned entirely around, and many
others in that community were damaged. One
building was taken from its site on the farm of

HARD SENTENCE FOR TRAMP

Philadelphia Magistrate Orders That He Must
Bathe Each Day for Thirty Days.

In undisguised wonderment Magistrate Rau
gazed steadily at Tony Tobasco, a prisoner be-
fore him in the Twenty-eighth District station
house, recently. An immune area of four feet
of oak desk and one foot of oak railing sepa-
rated the two, but notwithstanding this, after
some scrutiny of the man the magistrate moved
back as far as the wall would let him and said:

"Would you mind telling me when you had
a bath last?"

' ' I guess it was last summer, ' ' remarked Tony,
manifestly a little in doubt.

"When did you wash your face last?"

"Oh, if you mean that," responded the pris-
oner, reassuringly, "it was six weeks ago."

"When did you wash your hands?"

"Oh, you're kidding, judge. I didn't keep no
track."

But Magistrate Rau didn't smile. He frowned
slightly and spoke the sentence :

"To the Correction with you! And I guess
you'll remember about being washed, for I'm
going to instruct them to bathe you once a day
for thirty days. Out with him!"

In the station house Tony was offered a basin
of hot water, soap, and a towel, and was coaxed
to bathe, but he balked. — Philadelphia North
American.

Ball Player Choked to Death by Grumdrop.

Montezuma, la. — Choked to death by a piece
of candy was the fate of Orrie Me Williams while
he was playing ball.

An exciting game was in progress, and Mc Wil-
liams was catching. He had a gumdrop in his
mouth. The ball was thrown to him to shut out
a home run by a man on third. McWilliams
caught the ball, but fell to the ground in a violent
fit of strangulation.

A doctor was summoned, but the boy was dead
before he arrived. The gumdrop was found
lodged in his windpipe. — St. Louis Republic.

Drawing the Line.

A well-known judge on a Virginia circuit' was
reminded very forcibly, the other day, of his in-
creasing baldne-ss.

One of his rural friends, looking at him rather
hard, drawled, "It won't be so very long, Jedge,
fo' you'll hev to tie a string round your head to
tell how fer up to wash yer face." — Green Bug.

A Person of Influence.

Nebraska is the latest State to fall into line
with anti-pass legislation. Soon it will be pos-
sible for a person of influence to ride from ocean
to ocean and pay full fare all the way. — Chicago
News.

THE PANDEX

823

Marooned 50 Hours on a Skyscraper

THE modern architecture, reaching as it
does into perilous heightp, has long
since contributed to the artist a theme for
his brush, especially in the illustrating of
physical courage and daring. But in the
following story from the Chicago Tribune is
something that could easily afford occupa-
tion for the pen as well as the brush. A
master of literature might get from it a hint
for new environment, or 'atmosphere,' as
the technical phrase has it, for a story of a
sketch of no mean value:

George L. Lammert, a clerk employed by a life
insurance company in New York, was rescued
from a perilous position, half starved, almost
dead from exposure, at midday on Broadway, in
New York City.

With tens of thousands of persons within hear-
ing of his voice, and with men working within
ten feet of where he stood or sat, Lammert was
for fifty hours as isolated as if he stood on some
ledge in the Himalayas. Nobody heard him or
paid any attention to him. Thousands saw him
and went their way without taking a second look.
His cries for help brought only grins. And only
by a chance he finally was saved from death by
starvation or from a fall on the pavement, a hun-
dred feet below him.

That such a thing could happen seems impos-
sible— yet it did. Nor was it the heartlessness of
New Yorkers that made the crowds pass uncon-
cerned under a man who was facing a terrible
death.

The story is one that for strangeness excels
anything ever dreamed by a writer of fiction.
Lammert is employed in the auditinsr department
of one of the life insurance companies which is
quartered in one of the immense sky scrapers
near the City Hall in New York. The busiest
street in America runs along one side of the
building, and on the other side the ceaseless ebb
and flow of money-crazed men goes on. Near by
the spire of Trinity Church rises, and just around
the corner is the maelstrom of money and mad-
ness that is called the stock exchange.

Office on Tenth Floor of Skyscraper.

The auditing department is on the tenth floor
of the building, and Lammert, from his desk,
eould look down upon the struggling, seething
masses of men during the stock-exchange hours,

824

THE PANDEX

and perhaps dream that the figures he was add-
ing were dollars and that he was gambling with
them in the market below.

He was at work cheeking up an intricate table
at 10 o'clock in the morning. The day had been
unseasonably hot for the spring and the windows
were thrown open for the first time. There were
perhaps fifty men and girls at work in the de-
partment, but they practically were isolated
from each other by partitions, desks, cabinets,
and files. No one was paying any attention to
Lammert. He was near the completion of his
inspection of the table when a gust of wind sud-
denly swept the paper on which he had been
verifying the results and testing them according
to the office rules and blew it out of the window.

Lammert made a grab for the precious paper,
which represented perhaps two hours' work, but
it eluded him and fluttered over the sill. The
vvind caught it, lifted it as in a chimney, higher
and higher, and then a current of air drove it
downward and it fell easily on a ledge only a
few feet from the window, where it remained.

Crawls Out of Window After Paper.

No one else saw this. Being young and light,
Lammert decided at once that he would crawl
out and get the paper. The ledge ran for eight
feet straight along the wall, then there was a
projection, perhaps eighteen inches, around
which, Lammert supposed, was another window.
The ledge was of stone and about ten inches
wide, and, although over one hundred feet from
the ground, Lammert thought he could get the
paper without trouble.

Instead of calling one of the other men to his
assistance, he took the window pole used for
opening and shutting the heavy windows, and
reached for the paper, leaning out of the window
and trying to draw it towards him. After several
attempts he succeeded in poking it into the angle
made by the projection eight feet away. In his
anxiety to recover the paper he forgot caution
and, hooking the window pole onto the ledge
of the window above, he tested it to see if it
would bear weight, and then started to walk
along the ledge, steadying himself with the win-
dow pole hooked onto the upper ledge.

It was a foolhardy attempt, but he got along
well until he came to the corner and had to sfoop
down to get the paper. To do this he was forced
to kneel on the ledge, letting go his hold on the
pole, which swung back perhaps a foot when he
released it and hung there.

Frightened at Losing Balance Pole.

Triumphant over recovering the paper, Lam-
mert started to stand up — and discovered, to his
horror, that any movement towards straightening
up would overbalance him and throw him into
the street. Also he realized that the pole which
had insured his balance was behind him. If he
could get hold of that he could straighten up in

safety. He tried reaching upward with his left
hand, but could not reach.

For ten minutes, he says, he knelt there on the
ledge, dizzy with fright, and was forced to shut
his eyes and hang on with both hands to the
ledge to overcome his desire to throw himself
into the street. Finally, made cooler by the des-
perate nature of his position, he began to think.

He remernbered that there was another window
just beyond the ledge. He' could crawl forward
even if he did not dare go back along
the ledge. He steadied himself across
the angle of the ledges and felt around
the projection. To his delight it was only about
a foot wide, and on the other side he found a
handhold — a small iron pipe.

His hand clinched around the pipe gave him
renewed courage, and, although dripping wet
from the nervous horror of the situation, he
clung to it while, with infinite effort and caution,
he edged his way, inch by inch, out until he
stood on the ledge a foot wide, sheer over the
street. With a sudden movement he got both
hands gripped on to the pipe, and swung his body
around to the other side of the projection, and
sat down on the ledge, gripping the pipe tight
with both hands and almost exhausted by his
efforts.

The full horror of the situation did not dawn
on him for perhaps a minute. He says he
thought he was within a few feet of a window.
Then, after recovering a bit from his exertions,
he suddenly realized that, instead of rounding a
projection and arriving at a window, he had
rounded one projection and sat in a space three
feet wide between two such projections. It was
as if he were on a shelf in a chimney which had
one side open.

Lammert says it was half an hour before he
was conscious again. He sat as if dazed, his
feet braced across on the opposite ledge, his
hands clinched around the little pipe, paralyzed
by horror.

His nerve had failed him completely. He fully
expected to fall and be dashed to death. Later
he commenced calling for help. Twice he made
efforts to crawl around the projection, but his
strength and nerve both had failed him, and he
sat numb with terror and despair, except that
at times he broke into frantic crying for help.

In the office nobody noticed that Lammert was
not at his desk for perhaps an hour. Then they
supposed he had been called into some other de-
partment, and no attention >vas paid to his ab-
sence. After hours the janitor found his locker
unlocked and his desk piled with work, and
straightened things up.

Discharged for Absence From Duty.

The next morning his absence was noticed, the
fact of his disappearance the previous day was
recalled, the janitor gave his testimony, some of
his fellows were puzzled, and he was marked dis-
charged for absence without reason or excuse.

Night came on and the chill crept up from the
bay and numbed Lammert. He still clung to his
giddy perch and at intervals shouted for help.

THE PANDEX

825

Several patrolmen and night watchmen heard his
cries, but faintly, and, as they could not locate
the sounds, they gave up the search. Daybreak
brought fresh hope to Lammert. Hunger, he
says, revived him and spurred him on to fresh
attempts to escape.

cided to call for help every half hour, and took
out his watch for that purpose Also he found
that he could see two windows of a building
across the street, apparently windows to wash-
rooms, from the irregularity. He could not see
any office windows.

THE FUTURE OF TRINITY . CHURCH.

—Puck.

His first thought was to slide down the pipe,
but he found that it ended four stories below,
apparently in a hole in the wall its own size. He
discovered, too, that it carried telephone wires to
the upper stories. During the morning he de-

He was not afraid of the height that day, and
lost his giddiness when looking down. About
noon he managed to stand up, and decided to try
to get around the angle again and return to the
office window. He crawled out to where he could

826

THE PANDEX

look around to where the window pole hung;
then he grew afraid to let loose of the pipe, and
drew back into his safe harbor. He had come
near falling in the effort and was weak from the
experience.

Then a brilliant idea dawned upon him. He
began pounding on the pipe with his j)enknife,
but after an hour of this he desisted. During the
morning, too, he had put out a signal of distress,
flying his pocket handkerchief and waving it at
the people below. He spent the greater part of
the afternoon writing notes on envelopes and pa-
pers from his pocket and trying to drop them
into the street. Some were wafted blocks out of
the way and some fell unnoticed.

He was so weak that he dared not attempt an-
other climb around the ledge, even if he had pos-
sessed the courage.

Night found him disheartened and despairing.
He was about ready to let loose and fall into the
street. Apparently no one had seen his signal
or found his notes. The night was raw and cold
and a misty rain drenched him to the skin. He
grew still, and his body was filled with pains.
Many times he shifted from ledge to ledge, and
once, by bracing his feet on one ledge, and sit-
ting on the other with his hand around the pipe,
he dozed off until a dream of falling awakened
him.

Decides to Jump Into Street.

Daylight came again — and with it hope. Lam-
mert says that during the morning he declared
he would end his misery by jumping, but that he
was afraid he would alight on some one and kill
him, so postponed the jump until night. The
grim jest kept recurring all day. He laughed
at the idea of waiting until others were safe
before killing himself.

About 4 o'clock that afternoon Curtis Logan,

an employee of a brokerage firm in the building
across the street, went to the washroom and,
while there, happened to glance out the window.

He saw Lammert and stopped to look. "J?hat
fellow is a long time fixing that pipe," he
thought. For on the preceding day Logan had
seen Lammert, noticed his perilous position, and
watched him for a time, thinking he was a dar-
ing workman repairinfr the pipe.

He watched this time for several minutes.
Then he noticed the attitude of exhaustion and
despair, and the handkerchief tied to the pipe.

Suddenly the thought struck him that the man
could not get out of the crevasse in the side of
the building. He watched a while longer, and
then, hurrying to the elevator, descended, crossed
the street, and went up to the life insurance com-
pany ofSce, where he raised the alarm.

Rpscued at Last by Window Washer.

The employees of the auditing department were
skeptical, but Logan insisted that a man was on
the ledge. Then some one remembered Lammert
and his odd disappearance. The window was
thrown open and some one shouted Lammert 's
name. The result was a feeble cry for help.

After that there were things doing. Telephone
messages summoned men from the nearest fire
station. A rope was swung from the window
by Lammert 's desk across to the window beyond
the projection and one of the window washers,
with his belt hooked over the rope, slipped hur-
riedly along the ledge, around the projection,
and in an instant reappeared supporting Lam-
mert. Eager hands stretched forth and drew
Lammert into the window — and in a dazed way
he walked over to his desk, put the paper he had
saved upon it, and toppled over in a dead faint.

AS THEY LIVED AND DIED

A FEW DISTINGUISHED CHARACTERS WHO ACHIEVED FAME IN
VARIOUS WAYS AND WHO HAVE RECENTLY COME
TO THE END OF THEIR CAREERS •

Perhaps fortuitously, perhaps only as
always happens, the older men of the
modern public life are moving rapidly
off the stage as such new men as President
Roosevelt and his followers, Emperor Wil-
liam and his political entourage. King Al-

fonso and King Emmanuel and their train
come forward into the supremacy. Deaths
have been swift in the train of one another
for a long time, and another few years
promise to leave the people of the present
generation with scarcely a living memory of
the leaders of yesterday. '

THE PANDEX

827

FAILED TO SAVE FRANCE

Colonel Stoffel, Whose Warnings Would Have
Prevented German War, Is Dead.

In France there has been the death of a
man whose active history dated back to the
war with Germany. Said the Chicago Inter-
Ocean :

Paris. — Colonel Stoffel, who died the other day
at the age of 88, was one of those unlucky men
who are always giving good advice, which is
never listened to, and acquiring information
which is never used. He was the French mili-
tary attache at Berlin from 1866 to 1870, and
during those four years sent almost daily reports
showing the high military organization of the
Prussian army, and the defects of the French,
but nobody listened to his warnings. When the
war broke out he was in charge of the informa-
tion bureau on MacMahon's staff, and was or-
dered to establish communication with Marshal
Bazaine. He did manage, by means of a couple
of police spies, to get hold of a couple of
Bazaine 's dispatches, but, instead of being
thanked for his pains, was tried by court-mar-
tial— but acquitted — for having stolen them.

He helped to defend Paris, but General Trochu
refused to promote him ,and Thiers dismissed
him from the army. This soured his temper, and
after the war was over he published all the re-
ports he had sent from Berlin, which brought
on him a severe reprimand from the Minister
of War, he having heartily abused the military
authorities in the preface of that volume. When
he tried to get into Parliament he was badly
beaten, and when he visited Alsace for the pur-
pose of "documenting" himself for a history of
the war, he was promptly ejected by the Ger-
mans. His last public appearance was in the
Dreyfus case, when he gave evidence which was
not at all to the liking of the military party.
It is hardly to be wondered at that he was an
exceedingly testy and choleric old gentleman.
Only his great age prevented him from being
involved in mapy duels.

BEECHAM, FAMOUS PILL MAKER

Englishman Who Made Millions Out of a Phrase
and Had Most Perfect Factory in the World.

In England, a country latterly given more
to trade than to war, there has been the
passing away of a notable pioneer of the
sort of business for which the latter part of
the nineteenth and the early part of the
twentieth century promise to become noted.
Said the Chicago Inter-Ocean:

Thomas Beecham, founder of the famous pill
manufacturing firm, who made millions out of a
phrase, is dead.

The worldwide renown of Beecham 's pills
sprang from very small beginnin'gs. A native of

Oxfordshire, Mr. Beecham as a youth went to
Wigan. Then about fifty years ago he com-
menced at St. Helens, Lancashire, the manufac-
ture and sale of Beecham 's pills. At first the
business was on a very small scale, Mr. Beecham
selling the pills from a stall in the market place.
The stall consisted of a fish tub and his tray
was part of a door. One day he was standing
at a street corner in St. Helens with a trayful of
pills when a woman came up to him and said
the pills had done her so much good that they
were "worth a guinea a box." The phrase
pleased Mr. Beecham and he adopted it. He was
a great believer in the value of advertising, and
so the phrase became familiar to the world.

But before this the demand for the pills had
increased, and a small workshop was erected
behind a house in Westfield Street, St. Helens,
and there for some years the pills were made.
Ultimately larger premises had to be taken, and
finally the magnificent building which now exists
was erected and equipped with the most perfect
pill-making machinery in the world, the works
being a model of arrangement.

Twelve years ago, at a public gathering of
journalists, Mr. Beecham stated that his firm
spent $500,000 a year on advertising. The firm
has depots in the far East, in New York, Mel-
bourne, and on the continent. Recently one
repi-esentative of the firm was taught Hindustani
in order to conduct more efficiently the Indian
tra"de.

TWO WORDS MADE HIM RICH

Epps, the Cocoa Man, Who Put "Grateful,
Comforting," Under His "Ad." Is Dead.

Another mercantile leader in Europe who
died is told of in the following from the
New York World:

London. — James Epps, manufacturer of cocoa,
one of the great merchant princes of Britain,
has just died at the age of 86. He became a
multi-millionaire as the result of a single in-
spired stroke of advertising.

His cocoa business was doing fairly weU
when, thirty years ago, he designed a picture of
a pleasant, well-fed seventeenth century Quaker
drinking a cup of cocoa with this legend under-
neath: "Grateful, Comforting."

That struck the eye, the imagination and the
stomach of the British public, "all of a heap"
to employ an Americanism. From that hour
Epps's fortune was made. Every newspaper
and every deadwall in this country still displays
the advertisement, and despite a ferocious com-
petition in the business, Epps's cocoa is still the
most flourishing of all the kinds on the market.

Epps lived in an unfashionable suburb in
the southern part of London. He never neglected
his business, even for a day, and towards the end
of his life he was taken to his office by a
trained nurse. He was originally a chemist —
what you call in New York a druggist. His
brother, Dr. John Epps, was the most famous
homeopathic practitioner in England.

THE PANDEX

A LABOR AGITATOR OF THE '70'S

Dennis Kearney, the San Francisco Sand Lot
Orator, Ends His Days.

The following from the New York World
describes the picturesque career of a man
whose name it is peculiarly timely to recall
while San Francisco is suffering under the
alleged plague of labor:

San Franeisco. — There came to this city a
little more than forty years ago a sailor boy,
tanned and toughened by years spent on the
seas, unprepossessing in appearance, unknown,
and without education or money. Five years
later this same sailor boy had raised himself, by
sheer force of character, to the leadership of an
army of workingmen, he had gained a national
reputation, and the political and financial kings
of San Francisco spent many sleepless nights
because of him.

The sailor lad was Dennis Kearney, of Oak-
mount, County of Cork, Ireland. He died the
other day at his home in Alameda of old age.
At one time his death would have caused a revo-
lution among the working classes of San Fran-
cisco, but only a few friends accompanied the
body to the grave, and his passing away did not
even cause a ripple of excitement.

On a Proselyting Trip.

There are many in the East who remember
Kearney as well as he is remembered here.
When he was at the zenith of his power he
essayed to convert all the country to his belief,
which was that labor should rule capital and
tliat employers should be subservient to the
workingmen. He made .a proselyting trip to New
York and had great difficulty in securing a hall
to speak in.

Nevertheless Kearney at one time was prob-
ably the most powerful influence in San Fran-
cisco. He was the absolute ruler of the work-
ingmen and to them his word was more than law.
They followed him through the streets and even,
went so far as to march to Nob Hill, the fash-
ionable residential section, to fire the homes of
the rich.

And during the Chinese agitation he was the
most powerful champion of the exclusion move-
ment. It was he who invented the phrase, "The
Chinese must go!" and he coined words to de-
scribe the capitalists and employers who hired
Chinese labor.

Kearney was a dictator pure and simple. The
authorities did not dare interfere with him for
many years. Then he was arrested time and
time again for making incendiary speeches, but
he always was released and only gained strength
by being made prisoner.

Was Long a Sailor.

When Kearney was nine years old he left home
and took to the sea. He sailed it many years
and finally landed in America. He sailed from

several Atlantic ports, among them Boston, and
in ■ 1868 came to San Francisco on the clipper
Shooting Star. He eventually became mate of
this vessel at the age of nineteen. He followed
the sea for some time thereafter and finally, in
1872, went into the drayage business in San
Francisco.

At that time the anti-Chinese movement had
commenced and Kearney attended every meeting
held to discuss the exclusion of the Chinese. He
entered with vigor and spirit into the controversy
and his fiery utterances attracted the attention of
merchants who employed him. He was a sort of
boss drayman for the Custom House. Gradually
the merchants stopped giving him work.

Kearney continued at the meetings and was
up and down constantly, trying to make himself
heard. His speeches were somewhat uncouth,
as he had not been educated, and he could not
express himself fluently. He did have, though,
a wonderful command of strong phrases that
caught the workingmen.

Chester H. Hull, a young newspaper man, who
was reporting the meetings, became interested in
this rugged character of the seas and took him in
hand. He realized that Kearney's fiery address
and commanding manner contained great possi-
bilities. Hull wrote several speeches for Kearney
and the sailor-orator delivered them with great
effect.

Hero of "Sand Lots."

Then followed the famous "Sand Lots" meet-
ings, which were held in vacant ground on which
the City Hall later was built. Kearney had a
remarkable memory. He committed the longest
speeches in a few hours, and would not vary a
word from the text.

In a short time Kearney outstripped his in-
structor and became a powerful and convincing
speaker on his own account. He did not have to
rely on his reporter friend for material. Then
it was that he began to invent his unique phrases
describing corrupt politicians and financiers.

Kearney declared that every workingman
should add a musket to his household property
and claimed that within a year 20,000 working-
men would be armed and organized and able to
demand and take what corrupt politicians and
capitalists were withholding from them. In
speaking of capitalists he said that hanging was
necessary in many cases, and stated that a few
fires would clear the atmosphere. He talked of
"the whetted saber," the "lozenges of cold steel
followed by pills of lead," and this pleased his
followers.

But his chief theme was the Chinese question.
With the curt phrase, "The Chinese must go,"
as his motto, he hammered at this subject ten
years, and he was the prime promoter of the
Geary bill which exists to-day in the enacted
laws.

On October 29, 1877, Kearney held a large
meeting on top of California-Street hill, where
Leland Stanford, Charles Crocker and Mark Hop-
kins had elegant homes. In front of the un-
finished house of Mr. Hopkins a large bonfire
was built, and within the hearing of these million-

THE PANDEX

829

aires Kearney addressed his followers, denounc-
ing the capitalists. He declared he would march
through the city with his followei's and compel
the politicians and financiers to give up their ill-
gotten gains.

"Make New Laws."
"We will burn the books of law and make new

being released he said :

"I recommend that a mark be put on the
backs of all who employ Chinese labor, and if
necessary hang them to the nearest lamp-post."

Kearney had presented to him a hempen
noose, which he always carried thereafter, and
showed to his audiences when he spoke. He

DENNIS KEARNEY.

King of the San Francisco "Sand Letters" and Originator of the Phrase, "The Chinese
Must Go."

laws for the workingman," he asserted.

In November that year Kearney was arrested
on several charges. Next day his followers held
a tumultuous meeting, and others of his adherents
were arrested. But Kearney boldly defied the
authorities, and announced they could not put
him in jail. And he was right, his following was
so strong that he could not be punished. On

said the noose should be used to bring capitalists
to time. He said that if he gave an order to
hang Crocker, Crocker would be hanged and he
had good reason to feel that he was right.

He also said it would be a good thing to hang
the Chinamen. He said dozens of them hanging
in the streets would make a good object lesson.
He organized a labor party and was made presi-

830

THE PANDEX

dent of it. He was constantly being arrested,
but was always let go. These victories only
added to his glory.

The waning of his power came when he at-
tempted to convert the East. He spoke in New
York, at Cooper Institute, in 1887, and de-
nounced the "rat-eating, cat-eating, snail-eating
members of the Mongolian race." His denun-
ciation of respectable capitalists was not re-
ceived with favor, and the better class of labor-
ing men refused to tolerate him.

He was announced as a speaker in the Central
Labor Union Hall in New York in July of 1887,
but a dispute arose among the members and he
was not permitted to speak.

Some of his followers hired Clarendon Hall,
and he later spoke there, being enthusiastically
received.

In 1888 he addressed the House Committee on
Foreign Affairs in advocacy of additional legis-
lation to restrict Chinese immigration, exhibiting
a map showing how the Chinese were herded to-
gether in San Francisco, and saying that 75,000
Chinamen then occupied the pioneer district of
the city.

On this occasion he referred to the opposition
of a member of Congress, Mr. Hitt, and said if
he did not withdraw his opposition, he, Kearney,
would stump his district to defeat him for elec-
tion and would have his followers pelt Mr. Hitt
with dead cats.

Of recent years Kearney had been little heard
• of. Other men of keener minds and better judg-
ment took up his work and completed it.

He had five children and became moderately
wealthy. Two of his daughters went on the
stage.

FAR FROM HIS LOVED HILLS

Packer, the So-called "Man-eater," Sleeps In a
Village Cemetery.

A ipan whose tragic life represented the
extreme, and most rare extreme, of hard
conditions in the mountain West, passed
away in Denver recently. He was credited
with having eaten his companions during a
fatal exploring expedition in Colorado dvir-
ing which all but himself died, and after
this reputation once attached to him, tho he
always denied the facts, his life was as deso-
late and lonely as was his funeral, descrip-
tion of which from the Denver Post follows
herewith :

Lonely in death as- he was lonely in life, Alfred
Packer, the man who for a quarter of a century
bore the title of "man-eater," lies in an isolated
corner of the shady cemetery at Littleton, where
the kindly hands of new-made friends lowered
the plain casket into a grave on a little knoll.

No one thought to bury Alfred Packer out in
the mountains which had been his friends in the

long ago, for those who were with him when
death closed in were not the friends who knew
him when he was a sturdy mountaineer, and they
did their simple best.

The men and women who stood at the open
grave that afternoon at Littleton had only
kind words ior the gentle old man. They had
not known him in the days when his soul was
torn in a battle to escape prison walls, and they
had not known him when he wandered, starving,
through the mountains, according to his story,
until finally driven to the point of eating the
flesh of his companions.

It was a simple funeral, that given Alfred
Packer that day. But then he was a simple
man. Whether or not he had once been a canni-
bal, he left his prison chastened in spirit, a
broken man, and wandered aimlessly on, fear-
ful of giving trouble to those who showed a dis-
position to be kind to him.

He had never been a Grand Army man, but
because he had been a soldier, and a brave fighter,
the Grand Army saw fit to do him honor in
death and he was buried with the G. A. B. rites.
Officers of Littleton commandery, Fremont Post
No. 83, delivered the eulogies, and Post Com-
mander E. B. Thomas told a pretty story of the
hard life of Alfred Packer. Gently, all that was
mortal was lowered into the grave by William
Dobson, C. D. Abbott, Frank Cascort, C. Perry,
J. B. Markle and J. H. Goddard.

And as the little funeral party turned from the
grave, a man on the hillside who had been a
looker-on jumped into his cart and drove away.
The man was J. W. Thompson, one of the close
friends of Packer in the years gone by. He drew
his wrinkled hand over his face and sighed.

Stealthily he has administered to his friend in
the last days of his life, but he could not bring
himself to stand at the grave and see the casket
lowered.

And so he stood in an isolated corner of the
cemetery and offered a mute prayer.

KING OF MOONSHINERS DEAD.

The Revenue Officers Couldn't Catch "Old Man"
Jenkins of South Carolina.

B. Oliver Jenkins of York county, South Caro-
lina, died the other day very suddenly. "Old
man" Jenkins was known as the "King of the
Moonshiners." He made and sold probably more
contraband whisky than any other moonshiner in
Western South Carolina, and that is saying a
good deal. At his death Jenkins was 58 years old.
He made moonshine whisky for more than forty
years, and derived a fortune from its sale, as it
is estimated that he was worth at least $200,000.

Jenkins began the illegal manufacture of
whisky in York county, S. C, shortly after the
Civil war. It wasn't long till the revenue officers
were after him. They kept after him for years,
but Jenkins never was brought to punishment.
He shipped contraband liquor all over the

THE PANDEX

831

country for more than fifteen years, and the
"revenues" never succeeded in catching him.
But in the course of time it was recognized that
old man Jenkins's whisky was creating a wild,
lawless element in the community which made
trouble at every opportunity. Finally York
county came to have such a bad name that the
better class of people saw that something would
have to be done. A conference of the leading
men of the community was held. A committee
was appointed, which sought out Jenkins and
quietly but firmly told him either to quit making
whisky or get out of the state and stay out.
Jenkins knew the men who did the talking, and
he did not doubt that they meant what they said.
He got out. He moved to Cleveland county, N.
C, and built an immense distillery exactly on the
line between the states of North and South
Carolina.

Utilized the State Line.

The part that this state line has played in the
history of Carolina moonshiners would fill a
book. Whenever they got into trouble with the
authorities of either state, they made for the
state line, which they straddled and defied the
arms of the law on either hand. In effect, the
moonshiners made use of the state line as if it
were a rubber band, and stretched and twisted
it to suit their own ends. The exact location of
the boundary line always has been in dispute and
has given rise to many complications. For in-
stance, on account of this vagueness of the di-
viding line. North and South Carolina always
have been at loggerheads as to which was the
mother state of President Andrew Jackson, each
claiming that he was born on her soil. So when
a moonshiner was caught, he hired a smart law-
yer to prove that the officer who made the arrest
had no right to, because the plaintiff at the time
was on the soil of another state.

Jenkins continued to make whisky with minor
interruptions until a few years ago, when the
North Carolina legislature passed the Watts law,
which makes it illegal to manufacture or sell
whisky outside incorporated towns of a specified
size. Jenkins was fairly caught. If he moved
to an incorporated town he found himself mak-
ing whisky within two miles of a church or public
school, and this also is illegal in North Carolina.
Jenkins saw it was all up with him and promptly
ceased to manufacture whisky. He went into
legitimate business then, making considerable
money in real estate and cotton trading.

Jenkins was a typical moonshiner. He was il-
literate, but scrupulously honest when it came to
personal dealings. Like others of his calling, his
views were that making whisky was simply sup-
plying a demand, and that the laws of the fed-
eral government constituted an unjust and un-
fair interference with the rights of the individ-
ual.— New York Press.

NOTED TEA SAMPLER DEAD.

Belief that Duties of Customs Examiner Led to
Untimely End.

New York. — Isaac McGay, an examiner of
teas at the appraisers' stores since June, 1890,
died the other day at his home, 24 Highland
place, Yonkers, aged sixty-one years. In a brief
announcement of the death, issued at the ofBce
of Col. Edward S. Fowler, the appraiser of the
port, it was said that Mr. McGay "had origin-
ally entered the customs service on May 24, 1883,
as a sampler, and since his appointment as ex-
aminer of teas had been examining and apprais-
ing that class of merchandise continuously, being
recognized by the government and by the tea
trade as a thorough expert."

Mr. McGay had been ill a large part of the
present year and had been in poor health for
some years. His death was regarded at the pub-
lic stores as being due in large part to his
calling.

It is said that long continuance in the work
of examining teas, involving the tasting of in-
numerable samples, is extremely injurious, even
though the tasting does not necessarily mean
swallowing.

It is said that some men famous in this calling
are paid as high as $15,000 a year, the high price
being due not merely to the difficulty of getting
competent men, but to the difficulty of keeping
them long in the business. — Washington Post.

THE CRITIC.

A mud-turtle sat on a stone in the sun,
And blinked in a slow, stupid way;
A vain little fly
Came loitering by.
He stopped on that same rock to say:
"You're the ugliest creature that ever I saw;

You are clumsy, and stupid, and slow.
And just how you manage a living at all.
Is a thing I should much like to know."

But the little mud-turtle spoke never a word
As he sat in the sun on the stone ;
He wearily blinked.
He thought as he winked,
That a wise fiy would let him alone.
But the fly had grown proud of his power to
torment,
And he buzzed at the mud-turtle's head
Till the turtle at last gave one short little snap.
And the critical insect was dead.

It is really too bad that the fly never knew
That the turtle was wiser than he;
For a creature that thinks
As it winks and it blinks,
May a dangerous enemy be.
And because one can chatter, and buzz, and
annoy,
'Tis no proof he is clever or wise.
He may do no more good than to serve as the food
For the one whom he feigns to despise.

— Bohemian.

832

THE PANDEX

THE WEATHER AND THE GAME

THEY'RE OFF!

^r"

-New York World.

A TALE IN CARTOONS

Apropos of the Peculiarly Belated Spring Season in the East

THE PANDEX

833

THE AFTER EFFECTS OF YESTERDAY'S SNOWFALL.

Oldest Inhabitant (about 1990) — "Spring late this year! Why! I kin remember how when
1 wuz a boy in 1907 "

834

THE PANDEX

'TtXi.w mtcR

PERHAPS THE WEATHER MAN IS HAVING A BASEBALL BRAINSTORM.

— Chicago Record-Herald.

THE PANDEX

835

^_*

^ ^2-

CO^ . « o^£

NINE CRITICAL STAGES OF A BASEBALL GAME.

— Indianapolis News.

836

THE PANDEX

837

IN WAR FOR DRAMATIC ART.

STORY TOLD BY DAVID BELASCO OF HIS STRUGGLE

AGAINST THE TRUST

UNDERNEATH the surface of modern
restlessness in America, there are un-
mistakable signs of a public desire to attach
interest to things permanent and satisfy-
ing. But against this inclination the pres-
sure for daily money-making, for a scale of
living commensurate with American am-
bition, and for relaxation from the strain
of the abnormal effort operates as a power-
ful and almost insurmountable obstacle.
And in no sphere of social activity is this
play of antagonistic forces more conspicuous
than in the Drama. The better sentiment
of the country undoubtedly aspires to the
higher aspects of the stage, but, the tired
nerves of American business men and so-
ciety women, and the indomitable ingenuity
of the men who make their fortunes out of
catering to these nerves, keep the theater
loaded with that which is worthless and im-
pedes the progress of any one who strives
to go in the opposite direction. For example,
the following series of interviews with David
Belaseo, the unquestionable leader of the
art of the stage in America. They are by
Walter R. Linn, the dramatic writer of the
Philadelphia North American :

BELASCO AGAINST AMERICA

New York Manager Making a Single-Handed
Battle for the Betterment of the Stage.

In the great theatrical war now being waged
between the "independents" and the theatrical
syndicate more has been heard from the combina-
tion side than from the independents, because the
independents have become rather a scarce article.

When all is said and done, the situation
amounts to David Belaseo against America, and
in a two-hour interview Belaseo gave his version
of the story, and hurled his defl at the syndicate,
after a fashion which well became a man re-
garded by all factions as the dominating figure
in American drama today, from an artistic point
of view.

Mr. Belaseo is not bitter toward the Shuberts
because of their merger with the syndicate for
vaudeville purposes and other quid pro quos, but
when he speaks of Klaw & Erlanger, especially
Erlanger, it is with wrathful, vengeful, implac-
able vehemence.

He rarely mentions Mr. Erlanger 's name, re-
ferring to him simply as "They," because, he
says, Erlanger is, as he has frequently asserted
to him, the whole syndicate.

Defies the Syndicate.

"They can do their worst," he exclaimed,
thumping with his plump fist the leaf of the
desk in his tiny office on the balcony floor of the
belaseo Theater. "I wish to announce to the
world that it doesn't lie in the syndicate's power

V CHAS.KE1LUS& CO W
HIGH GRADE CLOTHIERS

No Branch Stores. No Agents.

We are very particular Tabout the kind of clothes we offer on sale here.
Before we adopt models,^ we have important confabs with desig^ners, tailors
etc., interchanging ideas. : That's why our clothes are just a little bit better.

.Few people realize the many, many details good clothes go through before
they reach consumers. Especially in this shop, where we specialize and fit any
man — stout, fat or slim — without much alteration, yuu'll certainly appreciate this.

Fillmore Street
near Sutter
San Francisco

King Solomon's
Hall

838

THE PANDEX

JoHMwy Ray

Down

to break me. With all its superb business organi-
zation, it is weaker to-day than it ever was.

"It is weak because it has lost sight of art in
the drama. It is weak because all its parts and
factors think of nothing, are capable of thinking
of nothing but money. Their intellectual char-
acter will permit them to do nothing greater and
more enduring than set up a dollar mark over
their playhouses.

"They have given no attention to the develop-
ment of stars and playwrights. The old stars
with whom they began business are passing.
Nearly every one of that famous little bunch
that bowed the neck to them is at the bottom of
the artistic ladder again. When they suffer a
loss like the death of Irving or the retirement
of Mr. Mansfield for a year and a half, they don't
know how to repair it.

"They have throttled art for a temporary in-
crease in the profits, and they are coming very
near to the blank wall where they must change
their methods and restore the stage to its former
condition of independence and healthful compe-
tition, or acknowledge themselves beaten at every
turn.

Started Without a Dollar.

"As for myself, I am beyond their power; and,
if it weren't for the principles at stake, I could
Jaugh at them. When I left them I was virtu-

ally without a dollar. The
profits of my plays had gone
to them; whatever I may be
worth as a director and pro-
ducer was theirs. They got
what they could out of me
and kept the proceeds.

"When I rented this
house — the old Republic The-
ater — from Mr. Hammer-
stein I had no money, but I
had succeeded in buying a
little home for my wife. We
talked the matter over.

" 'I could raise the money
elsewhere,' I said to her,
'but if I did that, it would
be necessary to share the
profits, and, perhaps, the
management, with somebody
else. I don't want to do
that. I feel confident of my
ability to make the venture
a success, and I should like
to mortgage this house.'

'< 'Why, of course, mort-
gage it, David,' replied my
wife, 'and I have some jew-
els you may pawn, too, if
need them.'

"So we raised the money
and leased the theater. They
were furious. They sent for

me and called me a '

show off,' and a 'swell-
headed fool' and other cheer-
ful epithets that they know
so well how to apply. They said that they
would drive me out of New York and out of the
profession; that they would set me to digging
ditches or running an elevator; they raged and
raved and made the most dire threats, but I am
here yet, and here I shall stay during the life
of my lease, which is fifteen years more.

' ' I started with everything in the world against
me, but I have prospered to such an extent that
I have been enabled to spend nearly $260,000 in
fighting the syndicate. I have paid off that mort-
gage, and if I were to die to-night, my family
would be well provided for.

"Instead of losing money, I have made it; I
am making it now, and I shall continue to make
it. If the trust were worth billions instead of
millions, they could not touch me, because I am
in a field of which they know nothing. They are
clerks and accountants and speculators, penny-
shavers and money grubbers..

"They organized a company solely for imme-
diate dividends, forgetting that it may not pro-
duce the artistic effect, and that they will in the
end be caught in their own carefully laid snare.
They rail at me because of my "show-off" tend-
encies ; but I strive to produce plays that will
please the people, that will pass inspection with
the critical, that have something in them worth
seeing and remembering, that contain something

^"^K.

-Chicago Tribune.

THE PANDEX

839

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Pl*a«e meatlen The Pandex when wrltlBB to Advertisers.

8,40

THE PANDEX

elevating and ennobling, knowing full well that
if I look after the art, the business will look after
itself."

VAUDEVILLE CALLED A MENACE

Belasco Says the New Merger Is Inimical to En-
tire Stage.

"I consider vaudeville the menace of the
drama in the United States," said Mr. Belasco.
"The syndicate has seen only the gi-aft in it, and,
since their sole desire is to get money wherever
they can, they will have no hesitancy in closing
up their legitimate theaters or turning them all
into variety houses, in case they find that vaude-
ville pays.

" 'That is the stuff,' they say. 'At last we've
got the goods. To hell with dramatic art! Let
the fools talk about art and twaddle about the
glorious past of the stage. We want the munn,
see? And vaudeville's the place to get it. In
vaudeville we won't have any responsibilities;
no heavy preliminary expenses; no road prob-
lems. We make no ventures and have no worries.

" 'All we have to do is to furnish the theaters
and pay the salaries to a few performers. They

equip and manage themselves, and we get bigger
profits than we have been getting in the past,
and you know we have been going some in that
respect. '

"That's the way the syndicate sizes up the
vaudeville situation. I have no doubt that they
have set aside for the fight, jn Philadelphia alone,
between $200,000 and $500,000. They expect to
lose money in the beginning, but they are deter-
mined to make the public pay handsomely for it
in the end, and it will pay, too, if they win.

"Now, it remains to be seen who will be the
greatest sufferer in the vaudeville dollar fight.
From what I know of Mr. Keith, Mr. Proctor and
Mr. Williams, and from what the whole world
knows of Mr. Hammerstein, all of whom are in
opposition to the Klaw and Erlanger combina-
tion, I have no hesitancy in saying that there is
not more chance of their compromising or chaf-
fering with the syndicate in their battle than
there is of my making terms in mine. We are all
in this fight to the death.

"You ask why I am writing sketches for the
Keith circuit, if I consider vaudeville a men-
act. I am working on a few one-act plays for
two reasons — partly because it is recreation for
me, but principally because it is a move in the
fight, another blow at our common enemy.

One Evil Better

Than Two.

"Then, also, I
consider one evil bet-
ter than two, and I
would rather nourish
one vandeville com-
bination than to see
vaudeville the drama
utterly in America.

"I don't mean by
that that I consider
the Keith combina-
tion an evil. On the
contrary, I give
them the credit for
making vaudeville
respectable and do-
ing as much to uplift
the variety of busi-
ness as the syndicate
crowd has done to
degrade the drama.
They made it possi-
ble for us to take
our w iv e s and
(laughters to a va-
riety theater. They
cleansed and puri-
fied vaudeville and,
to a degree, intro-
duced art into it.

"The syndicate is
not approaching it
from any such point
of view. Advanced
vaudeville means
iiothiiia: but adanced
profits to them.

TV belb
^ Moy-faii-

-Chicago Tribune.

THE PANDEX

841

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Pleaae mention The Pandex when irrttlnff to AdverttHern.

842

THE PANDEX

They want to boss that as they boss everything
else in the theatrical line. Their plan is, first
to stiile the rival and then rake in the golden
harvest.

"By that time, the drama will be a side issue
and they will be thrusting variety down the
people's throats until they cry out for help, but
there will be no help. Their theaters will be filled
with performing elephants and singing 'teams,'
and theater-goers who don't like it will have to
make the best of it or stay away.

"I am no enemy of vaudeville, but I pro-
test against the substitution of vaudeville for the
legitimate drama. They may say that we can
have art in vaudeville as well as in four-act
plays, and I don't deny that, to a certain extent,
that is correct; but the vaudeville is to drama
what the short story is to the novel. It affords
no opportunity for the study of character, the
depicting of emotions and the weaving out of a
connected strong narrative, such as the drama
offers.

Pity the Playwright.

"A playwright is surrounded by limitations
enough in his broadest field. His characters are
much harder to move than the novelist's, and his
scenes are infinitely more cumbrous.

"What is he to do, then, if in future he must
be limited to two, or even three, or even four or
five persons in a sketch which must not take more
than half an hour? The scenic effects cannot
be so artistic, either. How could you expect
them to be when you must have scenery for a
score of shows instead of one, and when the
'prop' are furnished by the performers them-
selves ?

"I hope to see the syndicate well thrashed in
the vaudeville field, and I believe that the Keith
people have the rod in pickle for them. The
older circuit is made up of men who entered
the theater through the back door, who have en-
dured hardships and who know how to fight.
They do not lack money, and they are prepared
to defend their own at all costs.

"What ever I can do to help them I will do,
because I believe that in helping them I am
helping to keep vaudeville in its proper field,
and out of our leading theaters."

FIEST FIGHT OF INDEPENDENTS

Dramatic Story of How Belasco Joined Forces
with the Shuberts.

On account of the recent merger between the
Shuberts and Klaw & Erlanger, Mr. Belasco 's
story of his relationship with those brothers was
particularly interesting.

"It was Sam's doing," he said. "Sam Shu-

bert was a little Napoleon. He was a man of
high principle and mettle — a man who knew his
rights and was prepared to defend them, but he
always seemed like a mere boy to me. ' '

This was one of the times when Mr. Belasco 's
eyes filled with tears. He appears to cherish the
memory of Sam Shubert and of the fight they
made together.

"The Shuberts had been maltreated and
abused, and then kicked out of doors by the
syndicate. It was the same old story with them.
A few days afterward Sam called on me.

" 'Mr. Belasco,' he said, 'we want to join
hands with you.'

" 'Well, I don't know about that, Sam,' I re-
plied. 'I wish you all the luck in the world, but
I have been fighting this fight alone so long that
I feel as though I would be safer to -stick it out. ' '

" ' I wish you wouldn 't look at it in that way, '
said Sam. 'You know we have the same interests
now. It's to our advantage to pull together. We
ought to do all we can to help each other. The
Shuberts have some theaters, and we'll put them
at your disposal. You have some plays, and you
can put them at our disposal.'

Joined Forces With Shubert.

"And it was arranged right there. We agreed
to join forces.

" 'We'll stick by each other to the end,' said
Sam, as he grasped my hand. 'What the syndi-
cate is we all know, and there shall be no bar-
gaining between us. I'll be independent if it
kills me.'

"You remember how his end came in that
dreadful accident on the Pennsylvania Railroad
near Harrisburg, when an express train ran into
a carload of gunpowder, causing an explosion and
fire? As Sam was going down to take the train
that even he met me and shook hands.

" 'I'm going to Pittsburg,' he said. 'I'm go-
ing to take a lawyer with me, and I intend to
give those people the fight of their lives. I'll
come back victorious or dead ! ' '

"And he was true to his word. They brought
him back to New York so mangled and burned
that his friends could hardly recognize him. The
great dynamic force of the firm was gone, but
behind the surviving brothers stands the shadow
of the dead boy crying out for justice, fair play
and manhood.

"More to me than the contract in my safe,
which gives me the privilege of playing in the
Shubert theaters for the next five years, is the
memory of the last grasp of that poor boy's
hand. It is a bond between me and the Shuberts
which they could not violate if they would. They
dare not throw into the hands of their old
enemies theaters which bear the name of Sam
Shubert.

"It would be treason to their own dead, and
they know it. With the memory of what he lived

THE PANDEX

843

CLASSIFIED
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Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
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ALAMEDA COUNTY.

98500 — 160 ACRES, 1 mile from Pleasanton, all
rolling; every foot is tillable; nice house, 2 fine
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fenced and cross-fenced; 3 horses, wagons, all nec-
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Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street, San Francisco, California.

$3000 — In University town, Berkeley. California;
5-room modern cottage on lot 50x45; side-walk and
street work done; sewer conected; mortgage of
$1000 can remain, good buy.

Southwestern Bonds c& Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

MERCED COUNTY.

$1500 — 40 ACRES of fruit ranch 5% miles from ,
Merced City; fine house of four rooms and
hall; summer kitchen; porch all round the house;
2 wells with fine mountain water; one nearly new
windmill; one large barn and sheds, one smaller
barn and sheds; one large open shed; chicken
coops and other out-buildings; fenced and cross-
fenced; 5 minutes' walk from Yosemite sweet
water lake (6 miles in circumference), % mile
from school house. Merced City has 3000 inhab-
itants; churches; 3 railroads — S. P., Santa Fo,
and the only road to Yosemite Valley; high school,
grammar school, etc. There is a mortgage of $600
at 6 per cent on this place which can remain.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

NAPA COUNTY.

$6500 — 110 ACRES hill and valley land; 2 miles
from railroad; 12 acres bearing vineyard; 8%
young resistant vineyard; 3 acres prunes and
mixed fruits; balance of place rolling land, a por-
tion good for grain; water piped throughout; fine
spring; new windmill and tank; 6 room modern
house; bath; good stone cellar; barn and out-
buildings; profitable investment. No. 658

$12,000 — 36 ACRES bearing vineyard in corpor-
ate limits; nice house, barn and large wine cel-
lar; good income. No. 667

$SS0O — 140 ACRES hill and level land; 3 miles

Pleas* mention Tk* Pandex when nritlns to AdTertlscm.

844

THE PANDEX

•^

-Chicago Tribune.

THE PANDEX

845

CLASSIFIED— Continued

from railroad; 20 acres mixed vineyard, resistant
and other; hay land; pasture 15 head; house, barn,
and about 8 head of stock; implements, etc.

No. 679.

$12,000 — 240 ACRES finest hill land; some table-
board; % mile from railroad; 35 acres bearing:
vines; nice 6 room house; barn; water piped; line
view of town and valley. No. 681.

$13,000-r28 >^ ACRES choice bottom land along;
Napa River in corporate limits of town; about 20
acres Al full bearing vines; fine barn; could be
converted Into a wine cellar; house, horses, wagons,
etc. No. 693.

$11,000 — 24 ACRES choice valley land; 2 miles
from railroad; 20 acres Al choice bearing vines;
new modern house; barn; tank house; income
$3000. No. 703.

$7200 — 72 ACRES of rich valley farming land
near YountvlUe; small house and good barn.

No. 366.

$7500 — 70 ACRES fine bottom land east of Oak-
vllle; good house and barn. This land is well
adapted to raising beans. No. 367.

$4200 — 20 ACRES rich valley land along the
creek east of Oakville: good house oi 8 rooms;
good barn and outbuildings. No. 368.

$12,500 — 40 ACRES valley land on main county
road near Oakville; to to 12 acres of young vine-
yard; house of 12 rooms; bath, hot and cold
water; 6 small cottages: good barn; some personal
property included. This place can be run as a
summer resort. iNo. 369.

$4000 — 18 ACRES of bearing orchard; 5 acres in
peaches; 6 acres almonds and walnuts: 5 «cres
prunes; no buildings No, 370.

$16,000 — 90 ACRES valley land, 2 miles south of
St. Helena; 40 acres of vineyard; 50 acres of
grain and pasture land; good two-story house;
2 large barns, tank-house, and wind mill. Will
Include 3 h»rses. 8 cows, and farming implements.

No. 371.

$3500 — 20 ACRES rich valley alfalfa land on
river bottom near St, Helena; small cibin and
barii. No. 373.

$15,000 — 53 ACRES rich bottom land near Ruth-
erford; all under cultivation; good hard finished
house of 7 rooms; good barn and out buildings;
personal property included. No. 374.

$5000 — RANCH 68 ACRES; close to town; 4
acres vineyard, family orchard; 10 acres hay land,
balance pasture; stock; implements; wind mill; a
well located country home. No. 189.

$1400 — A lylTTLE HOME of 10 acres; new cot-
tage; barn; chicken house. No. 190.

$0000 — RANCH 60 ACRES; 15 fruit; 12 hay; bal-
ance pasture rolling land good nard finished
house; 8 rooms and bath; 2 horses; 8 cows; wag-
ons; implements; chickens; turkeys; a desirable
country home. No. 188.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

SANTA CLARA COUNTY.

On the San Francisco and San Jose Road; 3
miles south of Stanford University; 7 acres, all
well fenced, with a cottage of 9 rooms; piazza
10x34 feet; floor about 4 feet from the concrete
foundation; 3 large chimneys; house is sheeted,
paper lined between the slieeting. and rustic dou-
ble-floored and modern in every respect. Well,
tank house, and mill water piped all over grounds;
good barn and stable, also chicken house; family
orchard; ornament^il trees, roses and flowers in
abundance; 17 large oak trees. xnis is an ideal
home, and can be bought for $8500. No. 618.

valley. Pure air and pure water, and close to
schools and churches. No. 619.

Several pieces of land from 5 to 20 acres, im-
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between Palo Alto and Mountain View, Some of
these pieces lie along the foot hills, and on ele-
vated ground commanding a view of the whole

To lease for a terra of years, 240 acres near
Hascenda; a hill ranch, partly covered with pine,
oak. and laurel; small house on place; fine water;
good for hog ranch. No. 621.

160 ACRES In foothills near San Jose; wooded
hillside; running water and fine feed; quick sale
for $1800. No. 198.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co,,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

SANTA CRUZ COUNTY.

$10,000 — 82 ACRE ranch, situated on Ben Lo-
mond mountain; two miles south of Ben Lomond
Winery; 40 acres cultivated; 15,000 vines; 200 trees
one year old; 8 room house; good oarn and sheds;
12 miles from Santa Cruz; all tools and crops go
with place. No. 582.

$0000 — 13^ ACRES in Scott Valley on Vine Hill
road; 1000 oords of wood; 50 fruit trees; stream
and spring; barn and out buildings; 6 room house;
bath and toilet; one horse; 2 cows; 200 Indian
runner ducks; tools, etc.; 3 miles to nearest town;
1 mile to school. No. 383.

$1."!00— FOR 160 ACRES, 4 miles from Wright's
Station on the Narrow Gauge. 12 acres cultivated;
200 fruit trees; 8 acres of grapes; running
stream. No, 584,

$1400 — FOR 25-ACRE wood ranch; 4 miles from
Aptos; about 300 cords of oak wood on the place;
no Improvements, * No. 585,

$37,-«)— BUYS 4 ACRES just outside the city
limits. House of 5 rooms; city water; good barn;
chicken house; all good repair; some fruit on
place. No. 586.

$2850 — FOR 10% ACRES, 1 mile from Aptos;
good 4 room house; also 6 room house; nearly
new; new barn; all implements; room for 1000
chickens;' iVz acres in grain; remainder in young
fruit trees; spring water. No. 587.

$.'(000 — FOR 5 ACRES 21/2 miles from Santa
Cru5^ P"stoffice: just off Soquel Ave,; 5 room house,
with bath: hot and cold water; good chicken
house: 350 chickens; 1 horse; barn; 1 cow; 2
wagons and implements; city water and windmill.
Finest chicken ranch in Santa Cruz Co. No. 588.

$2500 — Near Corning, California, Tehama Co.,
10 acres of Muir and Elberta peaches; Intersected
with Queen olives; 900 trees in full bearing: 3 min-
utes from railroad station and village. No. 598.

ACRES near Mission St.. on hill
No. 399,

$2.^00— 1014
slope,

$060 — SO ACRES; 3 room cabin; wood; some clear-
i ing; well; one mil& from Ben Lomond. No. 600.

$1200 — 10 ACRES at Bonny Doon; small house
and barn; well and good spring timber; 200 bear-
ing trees fenced and cross-fenced. No, 601.

$7000 — 120 ACRE ranch on Brand forte Drive;
6 acres orchard; 55 acres plow land; 3000 cords of
standing wood; 2 streams of water; spring and
good well; 6 room lined house; good barn; chicken
yards; etc; 3% miles out. No, 602,

$11."iO — 11 ACRES of land with 4 room house and
■water piped to house; barn for 8 horses; a chicken
house; over 300 apple trees and other fruit trees
on Granite Creek; 4 miles out. No, 603,

$10,000 — 5714 ACRES; 45 of it Improved; 20 acres
in orchard; 1700 fine trees; two houses of four
and six rooms; 400 cords of wood and abundance
of fine water; t'wo horses, one co^v and farming
tools; located 4 miles from Santa Cruz, overlook-
ing the bay of Monterey and the city. One of the
most beautiful places in Santa Cruz County.

No. 604.

$4200 — FOR 3 ACRES of land just Inside city
limits: % acre in strawberries; all kinds of fruit;
0 room house and large barn. No. 605.

846

THE PANDEX

for and died for in front of them, they will be
very chary about doing anything that will affect
the cause which they and Sam espoused.

Not Bitter Against Brothers.

"But I don't want you to think I am bitter
against the surviving Shubert brothers. They
struggled hard, and time will show that they have
not altogether struck their colors. They felt
obliged to do what they did, not through any
shortcomings of their own, but because of the
actors and the producing managers.

"Those cowards! They're the cause of the
trouble. If they dared to be men for a few
months, they could crush the syndicate like an
« eggshell, but they are poltroons. Knowledge of
that fact is the syndicate's chief source of
strength. It knows that the poor little puppets
like to hear the crack of the whip. The snarls
and threats of the syndicate are st&ge music to
them.

"With the entire situation in their grasp, they
go on licking the boots of the theatrical bosses.
When Klaw and Erlanger first took possession of
what is now called the syndicate, the actors and
the producing managers gave evidences of a
spark of manhood. They combined for mutual
protection and said they, would be eternally
condemned if they would allow any theatrical
boss to walk on their necks.

"A few days later the Judases began to desert.
One by one, they stole over, slunk over like
whipped dogs and called the syndicate Master.
It is not too late to carry that fight on success-
fully now. All that is necessary is a few men."

TCnwqn l^ojoopr

VIOLENCE USED BY TRUST.

Playwright TeUs of Numerous Attempts to Take
His Life and Character.

The story of how Mr. Belasco has been beset
by thugs for the last two years was to me a most
thrilling narrative. He has never told it before
in full. On one occasion, when a carriage in
which he was riding with Mrs. Leslie Carter was
stopped, one or two New York newspapers made
a brief mention of it, and there was a little sac-
castic comment to the effect that "Belasco was
trying to manufacture some sympathy for
himself."

In the seclusion of his little five-by-eight office,
and with a bull-neck detective awaiting in the
downstairs lobby to see that the playwright-
manager got home safely, Mr. Belasco told me
a collection of stories under this head that fairly
made my blood run cold. Much of it was of an
jfunprintable nature, consisting of attacks upon his
character, attempts to get him into compromis-
ing positions and then blazon him forth as a
pervert and a moral degenerate.

"Only the boys about the theater and a few
of^my most intimate friends know of these
things," he said. "I have related the incidents

to them in confidence and in order that I migh't
be advised as to how to act, for at times I have
been almost distracted.

"It is bad enough to feel that one's life is in
danger, but when you are convinced that you
have enemies who seek to strike deeper than that,
the suspense and anxiety become intolerable.

"Shortly after my break with the syndicate, I
had offices near Sixth Avenue. I can't be at the
theater all the time, and I must have some se-
cluded place where I can be alone when I choose,
and work.

"The annoyance began by depredations on my
offices. I would find windows broken, and once
the outside door was smashed in. One night I
had stayed there late. It was about 1 o'clock
when I decided to knock off work and go home.

"I put out the lights and backed out into the
hallway, turning the key in the door of my office.
I noticed that the hall was dark, although I at-
tached no significance to the fact until, at the
head of the stairway, some one bumped into me.

"He growled out a string of oaths and epi-
thets, and I sprang away, half running and half
falling down the stairway to prevent his strik-
ing me. In the flight I sprained my right ankle,
and when I discovered on reaching the bottom of
the stairway that there was another one waiting
for me I was not in especially good shape to get
away.

"Fortunately for me, they had put out the arc
lamp, and the passageway was black as the in-
side of a pocket. Consequently, the man at the
bottom was as uncertain of my movements as I
was of his. He made one pass at me as I brushed
by and repeated the elevating line of conversa-
tion begun by the gentleman at the head of the
stairs.

"Before he could reach me I had lost my-
self in the darkness and taken refuge in a small
shed. There I lay until I thought the coast was
clear, when I crept out and hunted a carriage.

' ' Supposing that the men were a pair of stray
thugs who had determined to waylay and rob me.
I continued to go to the offices ; but I soon learned
that I was invariably followed and waited for.
I could neither go in nor come out that some
brawny bruiser did not invite a fight by brush-
ing against me, leering in my face and calling
me every foul name that the mind of man could
devise to incite my wrath and violence.

No Attempt at Robbery.

"They were always men of sufficient size and
strength to handle me like a child in a scrim-
mage, and usually they were in pairs or groups
of three or four. What made me think that there
was a conspiracy on against me was that they
never made an attempt to rob me. All they
seemed to want was a chance to slug me, and
in nine cases out of ten they would show that
they knew me by calling me by my own name be-
fore applying the others.

"If I had ever had any trouble with this class

TTTE PANDEX

847

CLASSIFIED— Continued.

«5250 — FOR 20 ACRES in Blackburn Gulch; 12-
room house and 4 room cottage on the place; 250
fruit trees: cow, 2 horses, surrey and the wagon;
bedding and furniture and piano go with place;
3 miles from Santa Cruz. No. 606.

$6000 — 47% ACRES with all improvements; 9
room house, barn and sheds; 400 fruit trees; 2
horses; 3 cows; wagon and buggy; farming tools,
and 140 hens. No. 607.

$4500 — FOR 70 ACRES in Blackburn Gulch; good
6 room house, barn and out buildings; 4 acres or-
chard; 10 plough land; balance pasture and tim-
ber; 5 free water rights. No. 608.

$6000 — 47 »4 ACRES with all improvements there-
on, including personal property as follows: 2
horses; 3 cows; wagon; hay in barn; all farming
tools; 140 hens; 9 room house; barn and shed;
400 fruit trees; place is all fenced; about 3 miles
from Santa Cruz on Granite Creek Road. No. 609.

$1300 — 15 ACRE ranch in Happy Valley, 5%
miles from Santa Cruz; 3 room house; barn;
chicken house; wagon shed, blacksmith shop;
7 acres of hay; 400 fruit trees. No. 610.

$6© PER ACRE for 123 acres of good sandy loam
soil near Green Field, Monterey County, Cal. Soil
is well adapted for raising alfalfa. Will trade for
improved property. No. 611.

$12,000 — 130 ACRES in Scott's Valley, 4 miles
from Santa Cruz; 2 story 9 room house with bath,
etc.; 2 barns; springs and running water; 5 cows;
2 yearlings; Jersey bull; 2 horses; 2 wagons; all
farming tools; two cottages arranged for summer
boarders. No. 612.

$7500 — 12 ACRES on the Paul Sweet Road; 2
miles from Santa Cruz; all cultivated; several
acres of fruit trees; running water; large house.

No. 613.

$4200 — Situated 5 miles from Castroville; 10
miles from Watsonville; about 84 acres; 60 acres
cultivated; 700 fruit trees; good water; 4 room
house; big barn; sheds and chicken houses.

No. 614.

$6000 — 100 ACRES, west side Scotts Valley road;
200 fruit trees; one-third can be plowed; some
timber, oak and redwood. No. 616.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

SAN FRANCISCO COUNTY.
CITY PROPERTY.

$3700:— NICE COTTAGE of 6 rooms on Seventh
Avenue, near A Street; rent, $50. Will sell fur-
nished for J3950.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street, San Francisco, Cal.

$52.'>0 — COTTAGE of 4 rooms and bath on Cali-
fornia St.. near Fifth Ave.; fine fireplace and man-
tel; lot 27.6x90x87 (Irregular); shingled; concrete
large high basement; sell furnished for $6000.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street, San Francisco, Cal.

$6250 — HOUSE of 10 rooms and bath on Tenth
Ave., near California; lot 40x45; gas and electricity;
modern; will exchange for Berkeley property.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
S61 Fillmore Street, San Francisco, Cal.

$7000 — HOUSE of 8 rooms and laundry. Second
Avenue.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.-,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, Cal.

$45,000 — HOUSE on Golden Gate Ave. and Web-

ster. Stores and basement. 2 years lease. Lodg-
ing-house upstairs and stores below.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street, San Francisco, Cal.

$15,500 — HOUSE of 12 rooms, attic, basement,
bath: gas and electricity; on Jackson St. near
Steiner; heating furnace; $90 rent before Are.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillfnore Street, San Francisco, California.

$16,000 — THREE FLATS on Oak St. facing the
Panhandle; 7, 7, 6 rooms and bath.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street, San Francisco, California.

$12,500 — 9-ROOM RESIDENCE on Baker St. near
Clay; modern; rent, $85. Price includes all car-
pets, stove, etc.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street, San Francisco, California.

SONOMA COUNTY.

$250^CASH; balance like rent; buys 7.4 acres,
with large oak trees; running water; fine feed;
shade and shelter; fine soil for poultry, fruit and
garden. No. 193.

$22.10 — 5 ACRES fully equipped for 1000 hens; new
4 room house; barn; incubator and outhouses;
terms, $750 cash; a snap; fine sandy loam soil.

No. 196.

$1000 — CASH; buys 4 acres near Petaluma, on
main county road; fine orchard and sandy loam
soil; new 4 room cottage; running hot and cold
water; porcelain bathtub; patent toilet; room and
run for 1000 hens; balance $2000 as you make
it; a snap. No. 197.

$22.10 — 0.27 ACRES high, rolling, sandy loam
soil, sloping gently to the east, with new, 4 room
cottage: barn; incubator, brooder house and poul.-
try buildings enough for 600 to 800 chickens. Can
be purchased on terms of $750 cash and balance
long time at 6 per cent. No. 206.

13.70 ACRES. $130 per acre. This land is lo-
cated 3 miles from Sebastopol, over a good road.
It is rich, moist, sandy loam, finely adapted to
garden, fruits, berry culture or poultry. It is a
southerly slope and almost level; just slope enough
for good drainage. It is well elevated and above
all possible frost, with an elegant view of the
surrounding country. There are four acres in
very thrifty Gravenstein apples, four years old,
and Just beginning to bear nicely. , This apple
orchard is all planted to blackberries between
the rows and in full bearing and turning off good
Income. The balance of the place is all clear plow
land with the exception of about one acre which
is used for pasture and has a fine large fiowing
spring of water, which has its source upon the
land and flows out. There are Gravenstein apple
orchards in this vicinity that are turning oft
as high as $400 per acre per season. This is a
fact and can be proven. This piece is all excep-
tionally fine apple land, and considering the fact
that there soon will be a fine income from what
is already planted, it is offered very cheap. There
is 13.70 acres, the price, $130 per acre. Terms,
Vi cash, or perhaps less. The balance to be paid
either in yearly or monthly installments. No. 213.

$3300 — 10 ACRES just outside of the city limits
of Petaluma, with good modern 5 room cottage;
2 wells of water, windmill and water tank; water
piped to house, barn and poultry buildings; rich
sediment soil; fine location for poultry, fruit and
vegetables. This Is a snap that is marked down
for a quick sale, and is the best bargain offered
near Petaluma. No. 200.

$600O — 96 ACRES near electric road to Petaluma
and Sebastopol line. Place has from six to eight
thousand cords of wood on the place which will
more than pay for the place itself; place has about
1200 fir trees averaging from 40 to 50 feet in
length, suitable for piling, for which there is now
a great demand, and can be sold at a fine profit.
This place is cheap at $10,000. No. 201.

$4.';oo — For 13 acres slightly sandy soil, 4 miles
northwest of Petaluma. close to sciiool and rail-
road station and shipping point; on main county
road with free rural mail delivery; 4 room cot-

848

THE PANDEX

HEARING GRAND OPERA

In the Balcony.

In the Pit.

In the Boxes.

-Chicago Tribune.

THE PANDEX

849

CLASSIFIED— Continued.

tage: a large barn; 2 pood wells of water; Incu-
bator house and brooder house and ample poultry
buildings for 1500 chickens; including good horse,
cow, wagons, poultry buildings, incubators, brood-
ers and farming tools and 600 choice young laying
hens. This is a good bargain and is cheap for
$5000. For a quick sale owner will take $4500.

No. 209.

92S0O — 6 ACRES sandy loaim soil, adjoining city
on north; small house: good barn; incubator and
brooder house; well; windmill and water tank;
fine vegetable and garden soil. An estate property
and must be sold; one-half can remain on mort-
gage; a fine home; fruit and poultry. No. 199.

92650 — A neat and comfortable little 2 acre home
and poultry ranch, % mile from Petaluma; good
4 room, shingled cottage, with barn, incubator and
brooder house, good 63 foot drilled well and 200
gallon tank; water piped to house, barn and poul-
try yards; about 400 laying hens; wagon; harness;
farming tools; one Incubator; 2 brooders, 8 poul-
try buildings; free rural mall delivery and the
place is large enough to keep 800 to 1000 laying
hens; enough to pay a family $800 to $1000 per
year. This Is a neat, cheap and comfortable home
and poultry ranch. No. 208.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

SAN MATEO COUNTY.

3 ACRES at Fair Oaks, San Mateo County. Con-
venient to the railroad depot, surrounded by beau-
tiful residences, colleges and schools, also
churches. Forty minute train service to Sjan
Francisco. Who would live In an overcrowded
city, or In an open field while he can have a
home among those beautiful live oak trees and
all conveniences at hand; $2300 will buy this beau-
tiful tract. No. 616.

30 ACRES of rolling land. Woodslde Is situ-
ated four miles from Redwood Cliy and the rail-
road depot, but will shortly be within two miles
of the Interurban road leading to San Francisco.
It is situated on table land, 400 feet above sea
level, with easy grade, and commands a view
of the whole valley and the bay. And has for a
background the Santa Cruz Range rising about
600 feet above this table land. The hillside Is
thickly covered with second growth of redwood,
timber oak and madrone, leaving Woodslde the
most picturesque as well as the most healthful
location on earth. The millionaires have taken
advantage of this and are making their homes
there. This 30 acres can be bought for $250 per
acre. •

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

TEHAMA COUNTY.

9600 — 20 ACRES near small town on railroad,
post office, school and church. A No. 1 soil, all In
cultivation; this Is a great bargain for any one
wanting a good cheap home for either fruit or
poultry raising. Good home market. Price, only
$600; half cash; balance on time. If desired.

No. 440.

91600 — 320 ACRES grain and stock ranch; good
family orchard bearing; 20 acres in wheat; all
tillable if cleared; fenced, 40 acres; plenty of tim-
ber and If put In wood will more than pay for the
ranch; good range for hogs or cattle; good ne"w
'5 room house; good cellar; good barn, and out
buildings; 2 miles to good shipping station and post
office; on railroad; good well with soft water.

No. 441.

Contains 142 acres of as fine bottom land as
can be found In the Sacramento Valley. All nice
level land and easy to irrigate with ditches built
and an abundance of water to Irrigate the entire
tract. It Is located on the main county road %
mile to good school; 1% miles to postofflce; 5 miles
to the town of Cottonwood; 6 miles to Anderson,
both nice growing towns on the S. P. R. R., and
the Redding and Red Bluff Electric R R.,
which Is now being built, runs near this ranch.
Good neighborhood, good out range for stock, good
dwelling; 2 good barns; small orchard; 20 acres
in alfalfa; balance In grain. This land will grow
anything known to California and Is a great bar-
gain at $7100; title perfect. No. 442.

27 ACRES of Antelope Valley's best land, all
fenced and cross fenced; good well of pure, soft
water; no other improvements. Surrounded by
thrifty orchards and beautiful homes; 2^4 miles
from Red Bluff; 1 mile to good grammar school;
price, $2000; easy terms. No. 443.

40 ACRES of rich sediment land planted In fruit
and otherwise Improved. The farming tools and
stock go with place and it will be sold on easy
terms. Price, $7500. No. 152.

15 ACRES In best varieties of peaches and al-
monds, adjoining the corporate limits of Winters.
The returns from this place for the portion that
Is In bearing are over $100 per acre annually. It
is % of m.,e from high and grammar schools, and
churches, and can be bought for $200 per acre;
one half cash. No. 153.

149 ACRES on Putah creek bottom land, well im-
proved with fruit sheds and barns and dwelling,
85 acres are planted in bearing fruit trees of the
best canning, drying, and shipping varieties. The
remainder of the land is adapted to grape culture
or general farming. This place Is well located
near Winters and Is on the line of the proposed
electric railroad now being surveyed. The price
Is $lo,000. No. 154.

10 ACRES within the corporate limits of the
town of Winters; on one of the main streets and
well located for subdivision and sale In lots. Price
$2500. No. 155.

5 ACRES In bearing orchard In the town of
Winters, l^rlce $750. No. 156.

4 ACRES In the town of Winters; well improved
with dwelling, barn, buggy, shed, bee-hive, and
poultry houses; price $1650. No. 157,

68 ACRES of alfalfa all ditched, checked, and
leveled; good stand of alfalfa, planted last year;
plenty of water, and growing four crops per
year. $100. No. 168.

40 ACRES early fruit and tokay grape farm In
the famous Pleasant Valley fruit district; this
place rents for $1000 cash rent per annum, and
the gross receipts are twice that amount. To make
a quick sale this place has been reduced to $6500;
full equipment of tools and stock go with the
place. No. 159.

1300 ACRES near town of Vina, and Joining the
great Stanford vineyard, which is said to be the
largest vineyard In the world; 700 acres of this
tract is planted to peaches, prunes, pears and
almonds; 'Jrying sheds, fruit boxes, trays, etc.,
sufficient for handling the crop With permanent
water right of 1500 miners' Inches, with ditches.
Price $70,000, of which $50,000, can remain on
mortgage 3 to 6 years, at 6 per cent per annum
for any length of time, thus giving purchaser time
to make the ranch pay for itself, and one full crop
ought to do this as the soil Is of the best to be
found In the Sacramento Valley. No. 445.

91000 — 40 ACRES all in cultivation, under good
fence, all nice level land on main county road
three miles from Red Bluff. Good Grammar
school on adjoining land, good water by digging
or boring 15 or 25 feet; easy terms. No. 438.

91200 — 80 ACRES nice level land all in cultiva-
tion; three and one-half miles from Red Bluff
on county road; all fenced near good school; living
water; good well waiter can be had on any part
of it at fifteen to twenty feet. Price $1200; time
on part if desired. No. 439.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

YOLO COUNTY.

1900 ACRES of general farming or grape land,
one mile from town near Winters. Yolo County,
a town of 1000 population with high and gram-
mar schools, a progressive alfalfa and early fruit
section. This land will be sold for $17.50 per
acre if taken as a whole or in tract at from $17.50
to $60.00. It has an irrigating canal through It
and a portion of it Is suitable for alfalfa. No. 151.

850

THE PANDBX

of people, or had done anything to excite their
enmity, I could have accounted for their per-
sistence on those grounds; but they had no such
excuse, and I was at last forced to the belief that
they were being hired to annoy me.

"At last I gave up the oflSce and hired an-
other near the Knickerbocker Theater. I thought
the transaction had been quietly made, yet before
I had a chance to move into the new offices, a
man came to me one day in a big flurry,
exclaiming :

" 'Oh, Mr. Belasco, you mustn't move into
that suite.'

" 'Why not?' I asked.

" 'Because they've got it all fixed up for you.
They've got a place right opposite, where they
can watch it, and they are preparing to put up a
joke on you.'

" 'A joke!' I exclaimed.

" 'Yes. They've arranged to sneak an opium
outfit into the place when you're not around, and
then they're going to have the joint raided.'

"I'll tell you who the man was, but you
mustn't publish it."

He did give me the name and a brief sketch
of his informant, and certainly Mr. Belasco had
reason to believe that the man knew what he was
talking about.

Opium Plot Foiled.

"Even at that," continued the playwright,
"I could hardly believe my ears, until I set a
quiet investigation on foot and found out that
the information was correct. I had signed a
lease for the new offices, and had to go on paying
$65 a month for them, although I never set foot
inside of them after I got the tip on the 'joke'
that was planned.

"Having now no studio, my shadows were at
a loss how to catch me in secluded places, and
began to worry me openly. I couldn't leave my
house, or come out of a restaurant, that I didn't
find one waiting for me, and the faces were
nearly always strange to me.

"The only thing they had in common was their
villainy, and a more murderous looking set of
men than these shadows of mine I defy you to
show me. I got morbid about it. When anybody
came near me in the street I imagined that I
was to have another skirmish, and the sound of
footsteps behind me would put me in a cold
sweat. Then I became a little ashamed of
myself.

' ' ' Pshaw, David ! ' I would say to myself,
'Your nerves are on edge. Your courage is ooz-
ing out. You imagine you're very much more
important than you are. There are a lot of luna-
tics who imagine that the world is in conspiracy
against them. Every man who looks at you
hasn't got a sandbag in his pocket.'

' ' No sooner would I get myself braced up with
this line of reasoning than some ruffian would
stop me.

"Mr. Belasco."

"Yes?"

"May I have a word with you?

"I'm in a bit of a hurry, but what is it?"

"Then it would come — that never-varying
string of epithets, beginning with 'go to hell,'
and ending with something in comparison with
which the latter invitation would be sweetest
music. ' '

Tells of Many Hold-Ups.

Here Mr. Belasco recounted some of his ex-
periences with groups of the thugs — some of the
character-blackening attempts; hold-ups from
which he escaped by jumping on street cars and
calling to passersby for help.

As he talked of them with perfect frankness
and without any glossing of words, Mr. Belasco
sank his voice almost to a whisper, although we
were entirely alone, and not only was the door of
the office closed, but a curtain was drawn over
the outside of it. I was fairly petrified by the
narrative, and Mr. Belasco was frequently
choked up with his words ; so there were long
periods of silence when the faint noises on the
stage and the faraway clatter of handclapping
from the packed house on the other side of the
partition were genuine comforts.

One of Mr. Belasco 's new plays was being pro-
duced, "The Rose of the Rancho," with Frances
Starr, one of the playwright-manager's new dis-
coveries, in the title role. The play was written
in conjunction with Richard Walton Tully, but it
is full of Belascoisms, like "The Music Master"
and "The Girl of the Golden West."

It is bright, dainty, beautiful — a triumph of
authorship, staging and management, and I could
not help wondering that Mr. Belasco did not take
more notice of the approving sounds that per-
colated into the queer little hole in the wall called
an officOj

He was absolutely deaf to them, and, I must
confess that his own personal narrative was
more interesting to me than the play.

"The thugs got so numerous and so brazen,"
he went on, "that I had to give up walking al-
together. Whenever I stuck my nose out of
doors I hurried into a carriage. It was a sore
trial to me, for I don't like to be cooped up in
a carriage all the time, and I am fond of walking
in the fresh air.

"For a time, though, the carriage did pro-
tect me, but at last they broke through that bar-
rier, too. One night as I was leaving the theater
in my carriage with Mrs. Carter, the horse was
stopped. A man opened the door on the side
where I was sitting and aimed a blow at me
with a heavy stick. I warded it off, and at the
same moment the driver struck his horse a blow
with the whip. We were out of harm's way be-
fore the fellow could strike a second time.

"After that I hardly knew what to do. I
asked my liveryman if he had any retired pugil-

THE PANDBX

851

CLASSIFIED— Continued.

40 ACRES of alfalfa land near the State farm
at $90.00 per acre, on easy terms; as a whole or
In twenty acre pieces. No. 160.

10 ACRE tracts or larger, if desired, in the heart
of the alfalfa district; close to schools and town,
with plenty of water available for irrigation,
at JlOO per acre. No. 161.

HOTEL BUSINESS in thriving town; buildings;

barns, furniture, and Ave acres of garden land.

The property and business; both for $2750. There
are fourteen rooms in the hotel. No. 162.

160 ACRES of land near flag station; good farm-
ing land; well adapted to the growing of alfalfa;
price $40.00 per acre. No. 163.

6000 ACRES of range land close to railroad and
good town, well wooded and watered, at six dol-
lars per acre. This place has houses; barns, and
sheds necessary for stock.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

TUOLUMNE COUNTY.
«1100 — 50 AND 60 ACRES, joining R. R.; 15 acres
under cultivation; 900 grape vines; 158 fruit trees
in variety, about 500 blackberry vines; house of 6

rooms with wide porch all around; is well built but
needs refitting inside; 4 years old; barn well fitted
up, 3 chicken houses, 2-room cabin for hired man;
tight fence for chickens; 2 fine springs; clear title,
taxes paid, timber for Iife.tlme.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co..
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

TULARE! COUNTY.

97S00 — 80 ACRES, 8 miles from Vlsalia; all culti-
vated; 65 acres in alfalfa; deep rich loam; no al-
kali; mixed family orchard; jiew 5-room house
ceiled, lined, and papered; barn, 6 new chicken-
houses, 2 brooder-houses, and Incubator house; all
fenced and cross-fenced; hog tight; 10 cows; 10
head of young stock and registered bull, plow and
harrow.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

YUBA COUNTY.

VS.50 PER ACRE — 360 acres; 40 acres formerly
plowed for hay; abundance of white-oak timber;
numerous living springs; 5-room cottage; 2 miles
wire and stone fence; 5 stone corrals.

320 acres adjoining can be purchased with the
320 acres at $2000.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.,
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

BUSINESS CHANCES

We handle business opportunities of all kinds —
stores, hotels, rooming houses, and all kinds of
business chances. If you wish to buy or sell, call
on or write us.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co.
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

HOTEL FORESTVILLE, Sonoma County, Cali-
fornia; terminus of the, x-etaluma and Santa Rosa
Railroad; lot 100x200, two story frame building,
size 32x70; 18 rooms; barn; dining room and oftce;
completely furnished and stocked; $4000 will buy
everything complete. This will net $3000 a year
over and above expenses. If you want a hotel
that is a good one this is it.

SAN FRANCISCO BUSINESS CHANCES.
C10,000 — CREAMERY in San Francisco; makes
finest butter in the market; supplies the best
hotels and boarding houses; sales $200 a day;
partners can not agree; business must be sold;
we advise you to look into this. No. 220.

Coffee, tea, crockery and hardware store; estab-
lished 23 years; doing a business of about $700
a month; stock and fixtures Invoice for $1500;
running wagon route 3 times a week; taking in
about $20 a day; owner will stay with party 2
or 3 weeks to teach business and route. This
can be bought for $1500 cash; clears from $150 to
$200 per month over expenses. No. 124.

OAKLAND.

Butcher Shop and grocery store located near
Key Route Station: established 2 years; stock and
fixtures Invoice $2300; sales per month. $2500 to
$3000; includes 3 horses, 2 wagons. 1 cart, 2 sets
of harness; can be had for two-thirds down, bal-
ance 8 per cent. This is one of our best buys.

No. 121.

SALOONS.

We have saloons and saloon locations of all
kinds in all parts of San Francisco, Oakland, and
surrounding bay cities. If you are thinking of
going into the saloon business don't fail to con-
sult us as we have the best in this line.

RESTAURANTS.

We have a number of first-class restaurants In
all prices from $400 to $10,000. in all parts of
the city and state. If you are looking for a res-
taurant, don't fall to write or call on us.

COUNTRY HOTELS.

We have a number of very choice country hotels
from $200 to $20,000. Write and tell us what you
want, or, better still, call on us.

CIGAR STANDS.

We have a number of very choice cigar stands
in San Francisco and also in the interior and
no doubt will be able to give you just what you
want.

DELICATESSEN STORES.

We have a number of delicatessen stores in San
Francisco and throughout the state at all prices
from $400 up to $6000.

CANDY STORES.

We have a number of candy stores in San
Francisco and throughout the state, some of which
are very choice buys.

BUTCHER SHOPS.

We have them from $1000 to $20,000 In all parts
of the state.

Southwestern Bonds and Finance Co..
961 Fillmore Street. San Francisco, California.

ATTORNEYS-AT-LAW

We answer legal questions for everybody from
everywhere. We've attorneys, good attorneys,
who know the law. You get sound advice that will
ordinarily cost you much more because the volume
of our business takes the place of higher fees.

Our attorneys having great law libraries can
transact business quicker than the ordinary attor-
ney who is not so fortunate. This insures you
immediate responses and the advice you seek.

Then a great point is, we are not interested in
urging you into litigation JUST TO MAKE FEES.
You get what you pay for — the law; advice that
will stand test.

All branches of the law are covered — CON-
TRACTS. WILLS, TORTS, PARTNERSHIPS. MAR-
RIAGE RELATIONS, PROPERTY RIGHTS, DAM-
AGES, CLAIMS, CORPORATIONS, WATER
RIGHTS,, and every and all other subjects covered
by the law.

Troubles arise which you may not wish to con_
fide to your local attorney, if you have one, or
you may have some dispute over money matters
you would prefer not to have him know about —
entrust your case to us.

OUR only fee is $2.50, returned If dissatisfied.
We've yet to know of a dissatisfied client. State
your case carefully and briefly.

Banking and mercantile references.

Address all communications to

PACIFIC COAST LEGAL BUREAI".
509 Golden Gate Avenue. San Francisco, Cal.

852

THE PANDEX

ist drivers, and he assigned a big fellow to my
service, with a neck about a foot in diameter.
This man always drove my carriage, and was pre-
pared to fight at a moment's notice.

"I felt that there ought to be some other way
of stopping these outrages, but what was I to do ?
If I reported the matter to the police, I would
be laughed at by my enemies and joked about
in the newspapers. No one would believe such
a weird yarn. They would say 'Belasco is bug-
house,' and ask 'why don't he carry a popgun!'

Would Not Play Into Enemies' Hand.

"Being a theatrical manager, I would be imme-
diately accused of seeking a cheap form of ad-
vertising. The conspirators could wish nothing
better than to have me exploit myself against the
intangible windmill that they had raised against
me in the dark. I would be damned if I did and
damned if I didn't. I didn't know which way
to turn.

"Then I bethought me of my good friend,
Commissioner Woodbury; I could go to him and
make a private report, and I did. I related the
story to him just as I have given it to you, ex-
plaining the peculiar predicament in which I
was placed, and which prevented me from getting
at my assailants in the ordinary way.

" 'Leave it to me,' he said. 'I'll take it up
on my own account and without making it
public. '

" In a few days I noticed that I could walk out
again unmolested. I went nervously and timidly
at first, but I soon learned that I was a free and
untrammeled citizen once more, and regained my
confidence. That was nearly two years ago.

"Until within the last seven weeks I did not
have the slightest trouble. Now it has begun
again. The boys here won't let me go out alone,
and my wife won't hear of it. When I walk I
must have the detective with me, and I am
riding much more than I like."

THE BREAK WITH THE TRUST

Belasco Details His Interviews With Erlanger
Which Led to the Rupture.

Mr. Belasco sank back on the leather uphol-
stered settee that takes up at least half the office
space, and pressed his hands against his fore-
head. He said he had a headache, and, that he
had slept little for the last two nights, but he
was soon talking again about the syndicate, out-
lining his career in connection with it, and de-
tailing some highly exciting interviews that took
place between him and Mr. Erlanger.

"When I started in the business," he said,
"we had such managers as Lester Wallaek, A. M.
Palmer, Augustin Daly, the Mallery Brothers,

of Madison Square, and in the country at large
men like the Bidwells, of New Orleans, and the
McViekers, of Chicago.

"They were all artists, as well as money mak-
ers. None of them was quarreling with his bread
and butter, that I know of, but the old-time
managers took a genuine pride in their business.
It was also their profession, and while they
wanted to be prosperous, they were equally de-
sirous of being progressive.

"I was born out in California, and played
there for seven or eight years. I would go away
with some road company as a very heavy leading
man, and come back to San Francisco in an ^-
ceedingly small part. My acting would never
have hypnotized anybody, I guess, but I got away
from the footlights very early, and began to exert
my energies behind the scenes.

His Theatrical Experience.

"For many years I was employed as stage
manager by Thomas Maguire, of Baldwin's
Theater, and for a time I was stage manager of
three or four theaters simultaneously, going from
one house to another in a cab.

"I used to paint my own scenery, too, make
tours among the shops buying my own props and
often carrying them through the streets myself
to the theater. I have served in front of the
house, in fact, I have done almost everything
there is to do about a theater except play in the
orchestra.

"Then I came on here to New York with Au-
gustin Daly, and was rolling along smoothly in
my own little groove when Klaw and Erlanger
loomed up on the horizon. Erlanger I could never
abide. He is rough, uncouth, profane, and un-
mannerly to the last degree. He is always chew-
ing on the end of a cigar and spitting in a circle.

"One day at the theater, he aggravated me
past endurance, and I picked up. a bottle to break
his head, when I heard a scream and saw his
wife looking at us from the balcony.

" 'You ■ • ,' he roared, 'I want you

to understand that I'm boss around here!
You '11 do as I say or I '11 kick you out ! ' '

" 'Well, then, I'll get out,' I replied. 'I'd
rather wear overalls and dig in the street than
submit to the domination of a man like you.'

"That was five years ago, and was the begin-
ning of my break with the syndicate.

"The rupture was not complete from the first,
but it was made final at the time of the St. Louis
Exposition, when I had the audacity to lease the
Imperial Theater there for four months, after
Mr. Erlanger had ordered that I should not play
St. Louis. He was making a route for one of
my companies when he heard of it, and he in-
stantly tore up the contract, swearing and spit-
ting and vowing that no Belasco attraction
should ever play in a syndicate theater. No
Belasco attraction has, and no Belasco attraction
ever will.

In Partnership With Frohman.

"For a time T was in partnership with Daniel

THEPANDEX 853

" San Francisco
Literary Syndicate and Manuscript

Agency

915 Van Ness Avenue, San Francisco

Eastern Agent: Foreign Agent:

Brown Bros., New York Curtis Brown, London

*] Suceessful writers nowadays can sell their manuscripts for more than ever before. A few
years ago Jack London could not sell his best stories for any price. This was because he did
not know the editors and they did not know him. Now he receives one thousand dollai-s for his
simple promise to write a book, and fifteen cents for every word he writes. His literary agents
attend to this.

^ We have handled and edited manuscripts by Jack London and other successful western writ-
ers. Every one of these authors now makes his writing pay — and its pays well.

^ We will edit any magazine article or poem and advise you where best to place it, for a fee
of one dollar, prepaid. Our fee for considering manuscripts of novels or plays is five dollars.

f^ Address all communications to our Treasurer, 915 Van Ness Avenue, San Francisco.

Chicago Conservatory

Dt. WILUAM WADE HINSHAW. Proident
31 St Season

Most Complete Conservatory of Music and Dramatic
Art in America. Eminent Faculty of 60 Instructors.

BRANCHES OF STUDY — Piano, Vocal, Violin, Public School
Mu«ic, Organ, Theory, Elocution, Oratory, Lansuases, Drama and Opera.

50 Free and 100 Partial Scholarahipa.

Send Stamp Addico JOHN A. HINSHAW, Manager

for Catalogue. Auditoiium Building, Chicago.

Orchard and Farm

An Illustrated Monthly Magazine

$1.00 thmymar ... San Franeiaco, Cat.

Please mentioB The Panalex vrhen irritiaK to Advertiaera.

854

THE P AND EX

Frohman, giving him a half interest in my busi-
ness for the New York theater and road tours.
Erlanger sent for me one day and was excep-
tionally pleasant. He began by calling Frohman
names and led to the point something like this :

" 'Now look 'ye here, my boy. What you want
to do is to throw that little four-flusher and go
into partnership with me. I'm the syndicate;
I 'ra the goods ; what I say goes. Nobody can give
me any guff. I'm boss, understand?

" 'Well, you and I'd make a great team.
You're smart. There's no denying that. You
can write some and you're a good stage director,
but you haven't any idea of business. I'm busi-
ness from the ground up. You need business and
I need a little of your brand of smartness, maybe.
You let me manage your productions. I'll tell
you what you can spend and keep you within
bounds.

" 'I'll cut off some calciums here, and where
you pay an actor $7000 I'll get him for $3000.
If you travel with five or six cars, I'll show you
how to crowd 'em in three.

" 'We'll let the companies splurge a little in
New York, but when we get 'em out on the road
we'll pare 'em down. What the h — ^1 do those
countrymen know about a show, anyway? It's
d — d nonsense to waste money that way.

" 'Fact is, my share of the profits will only be
what I am saving you.'

"I replied that I didn't care to undertake the
venture, and admitted that I did care something
for art and what the critics said.

" 'Critics be blowed!' said Erlanger. 'What
do we care for critics? I'm boss, I tell you, and
this twaddle about art for art's sake makes me
sick. Get onto the job and look for money, man !
What happens to all these artistic managers?
We had to give a benefit for Lester Wallack!'
And he went on detailing a long list of examples
as to what I might expect if I didn't stop med-
dling with the esthetic side of the business.

" 'Well, Mr. Erlanger,' I answered, 'Mr. Hay-
man is a good friend of mine, and probably
when I go broke he will use his influence to get
me into an actors' home somewhere.'

Erlanger 's Parting Shot.

" 'You're a fool!' were his closing

words, uttered with the most supreme contempt.

"But in spite of him, I have gone on bowing
to art and prospering withal. I have fought law-
suit after lawsuit with them, and on the last I
spent $30,000, engaging such counsel as the pres-
ent Governor Hughes, Mr. Vidaver, and Mr. Un-
termyer, although I knew in the beginning that
I would lose. It gives me pleasure to think that
art is supplying me with the sinews of war.

"From -a business point of' view, I couldn't

hope to compete with them, but because I have
acknowledged the pre-eminence of art, the public
comes to see my productions. I was turning
them away from the Critft-ion Theater when they
turned me out.

"I have been playing in halls and armories.
At one time I even found difficulty in getting the
Academy of Music in Philadelphia. They have
shut me off at every turn, sending disagreeable
press matter out in advance of my companies
so that I find myself judged before I raise my
curtain. I have been forced to rent halls, cleanse
and whitewash them and rig up a stage in one
day, but I have produced notwithstanding, and
I can continue to do it.

Snaps His Fingers at Syndicate.

"I am in a position now where I can afford
to snap my fingers at them. I have this theater
for fifteen years to come, and I will have the
Stuyvesant, which is building. A theater is being
built for me in Pittsburg. I am half owner in
the Belaseo Theater, of Washington, and I will
eventually have theaters in all the large cities.
I can always arrange to play New York, Boston,
Philadelphia, Pittsburg, Chicago, and St. Louis,
and with those cities on my list I don't need to
care whether I ever have a one-night stand.

"I have brought out such stars as Mrs. Carter,
Warfield and Bates, and you will recognize a new
one shortly in Miss Starr. I am always looking
for stars, and they are to be found, if you know
how to look for and develop them."

Of Friendship.
He was my friend because I seemed to be

Somehow responsive to his changing mood;
I chanced to help, once, when he needed me.
And lost his friendship for his gratitude.
— Kenneth Wilson, in Appleton's Magazine.

Behind a Girl.

"Been to the theater this week?"

"Yep."

"What did you see?"

"A black velvet bow, some tortoise-shell
combs, a couple of plumes, a chiffon knot and a
stuffed bird about the size of a hen." — Courier-
Journal.

"I always thought," said the hostess, "that
Scotchmen were humorous. Last night I showed
a departing Scotch guest a great pile of overcoats
in the dressing room.

" 'Here,' I said, with a wave of my hand, 'you
are the first to leave. Take your choice. '

" 'Thank you,' said he, as he fumbled search-
ing among them, 'I'll 'ave me own.' " —
Independent.

THEPANDEX • 855

DO YOU WANT TO BETTER YOURSELF?

Then Open Your Wiswam, and Behold Opportunities.
Don't Sull< in Your Tent, When We Can Help You.

Have You Anything for Sale?

We Can Sell It for You

Do You Want to Buy Anything?

Then Try Us

The way to rise to fortune i* to use other men's energies.

This being true in commerce as in politics, why not look for a labor-saving institution like ours?
Here's your Clearing House. We know what is for sale, and we know what buyers want.

Let Us Buy and Sell for You; Let us Show You
How to Make Money Earn Money

Make Known Your Wants- We Do the Rest

This is a busy age, and the wise man passes the detail to others. We are detail men.

If you want to buy or sell, we run down the men you want to meet, separate the sheep from the
goats, analyze the gold bricks, sidestep the boxes, and bring you to the eligible fellow.

Consult us freely, without cost. Let us write the letters, pay the telephone bills, furnish the car
fare, do the chasing through dust and mud.

Whether it is a Factory or a Store,
A Farm or a Railroad

WHO ARE WE? READ THIS:

A. H.Jordan, an expert insurance special agent, is president of the company; A. Mittletnan, an expert real estate agent, is secretary,
and the directors arc Matthew Brady, attorney and notary public. Dr. A. S. Adler. of the Boa'd of Health of San Fiancisco. and others of un-
doubted standing in the business world. Men such as W. H. Miller of San Bernardino. W. R. Van Wormer of Paso Robles. and C. A.
Kingston of Santa Ana, are stock-holders. Depository: California Safe Deposit and Trust Company. Attorneys. Berry* Brady.

For Further Particulars Addrest or Call on

SOUTHWESTERN BONDS AND FINANCE CO.

961 Fillmore St., San Francisco, Cal.

Pleaac ■•eatloa The Paalex whem irrltlas ta Advertlaera.

85e

THE PANDEX

A FLAT-HUNTING DIALOGUE.

"Oh, dear! Isn't flat-hunting just dreadful! You're looking for one, too, aren't you?"

"Yes, I've been on the go since early this morning."

"I'm completely exhausted. I told my husband this morning that it's just a shame that
we have to leave the one we have. It's just what we want and if it wasn't for the family up-
stairs it would be ideal, but they have two of the worst boys, so noisy, you know. Always
running up and down stairs and dancing on the floor. But the agent won't put them out,
although I told him if they didn't go we would and "

"I know just how you feel. We have a neighbor downstairs who plays "the piano, or, that
is, she's trying hard to learn. Not only that, but the woman who comes in to help her knows
our girl, and from what she tells her "

"Um — where do you live now?"

"In the Alfalfa Apartments "

"Oh! Indeed! I thought I had seen you before ' '

"Why! I do believe "

(Curtain.)

THE PANDEX

857

Chicago to New York in
1 0 Hours.

Interest In the great Electric Railroad that will
cut down the running time between Chicago and
New York to ten hours, and carry passengers at a
$10 fare, continues unabated. People who were
skeptical at first as to the reality of such a gi-
gantic project have now become convinced by the
actual showing of work already done. The first
grading was begun on the first of September, 1906.
Cars will be running on the first fifteen miles by
the end of April, 1907. The Chicago-New York
Electric Air Line Railroad will run over a track
that scarcely verges from a stralgnt line In Its
entire course of 750 miles, thereby making the
distance 150 miles shorter than the shortest ex-
isting steam railroad route. Over this direct
route will be run hourly electric trains at a speed
that will reach a maximum of lOO miles an hour
and maintain an average of 75 miles.

For full literature and a sample copy of the
"Air Line News," which is a little illustrated maga-
zine devoted to railroads In general and the
Chicago-New York Electric Air Line Railroad in
particular, fill out the coupon below and mail to
the Southwestern Securities Company, 431 Delbert
Block, 943 Van Ness Avenue, San Francisco, Cali-
fornia.

Name

Addrena

IMENNEN'S

TOILET ea^ POWDER

BORATED
TALCUM

Agents wanted in all towns where not repre-
sented. (Pandex 5).

YOUR LITTLE ROSEBUD

needs M^nnen'a P»»»d*r---a sure relici ior
•^\ Prickly Heat, Chafing, 8u»burD, etc. Fut _

non-refillahle box bearing Meniien'S fate, Suld

everywhere or by mail Z5 cents. Haaiplc Free.

Guaranteed under the I-ood and Drues

Act, June 30. 1906---Serial No. 154^.

Gerhard Meniieii < n., Newark. N. .T.

>SEBUD L

L sure reliei iur ^B
FD, etc. Fut up ia ^M
cniien'sface. Sold ^1
Its. Haaiplc Free. ^H
>od and Dru^s ^H

ial No. 154^. ■

Newark. N. »T. J

SMITHS' CASH STORE

H. A. SMITH, President and General Manager

URGEST WESTERN MAIL ORDER HOUSE

Has Saved the Families of the Coast
in Honest Goods and Methods

MILLIONS or 1^^

YOU CAN SAVE MANY

By Sending Your Name for a Catalogue. Free. 64
Pages. We share Profits With Customers in Cash

ESTABLISHED IN 1879

By Barclay J. & H. A. Smith

COUPON

any Order

You Send

(J* Thia Month Enclosing \

thiM Coupon,

or Mention thii

paper.

We Will

Include,

Free.

a New

Map

of California an

d Nevada

Up'to-

Date,

Worth $2. SO, 20x30,

Alto a

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to June

i, J908.

SMITHS'

^^ CASH STORE ^^

Now NO. 14 TO 24 STEUARTST.S. F. ONLY
WHOLCSALE MAILORDER RATES TO FAMILIES
WRITE US FOR PRICED CATALOG SAVES M

Co-operators get S per cent discount on everything sold.
Ask about it. It'sintereifing everyone.

PIea«e Kientlon The Pandex when nrltlns to Advertlnen.

858

THE PANDEX

Mr. Foraker's Ferocious Attack Upon Secretary
Taft.
, — St. Louis Globe-Demoerat.

What Will Happen in the Future.
Hubby — Quick! the night glasses. Another of
those infernal flying machines has knocked off
our chimney stack, and I want to take the num-
ber.—The Tatler.

Every Little Helps.

When a stowaway is found on an ocean steamer
he is immediately set to work to pay for his
passage. One such was recently discovered in
the hold of the Mediterranean liner Cretic, and
was ordered to the galley, where the cook found
plenty to keep him out of mischief.

A lady on a tour of inspection paused near the
stowaway as he sat busily peeling potatoes.
"How soon do you think we'll reach Naples?"

"Well, madam," he replied, cheerfully, "I'rn
doing all I can to get her in by Tuesday." — ■
Woman's Home Companion.

Dusty.

A tourist was driving along a dusty road in
the west of Ireland one hot summer day, and
stopped at a small inn for refreshment. On ask-
ing the jarvey if he was dry, that worthy replied :

"Dry? Did yer honor say 'dry'? I'm so dry
that if ye slapped me on the back ye'd be blinded
with th' dust flyin' out iv me mouth." — Tit-Bits.

Some men worth a million dollars would not
be worth anything if they did not have any
money. — Life.

Reporter — To what do you attribute your great age?

Oldest Inhabitant — I ain't sure yet, sir. There be several o' them patent med'cine companies
as is bargainin' with me. — Punch.

Mamma Had Fainted.

Papa — Here, put this ten-dollar bill in her
hand.

Johnnie — Papa, papa, come quick! Mamma (A moment later) — "She says she wants ten

has fainted! more." — Fliegende Blaetter.

THE PANDEX

859

We Want

MEIN

^ To represent us who have the ability
and capacity to earn big money.

q Men of character and force who are
capable of selling stocks.

Q Men who can ^ive references and want
to represent one of the strongest mining
companies in Colorado. No question
about the merits of our proposition.

fl If you can fill the requirements, write
us; if you can't, do not waste your time
and postage.

^ We will be glad to exchange references
with parties who can qualify and mean
business.

ADDRESS

The Georgetown Loop
Mining Co,

1593 Sixteenth St. Denver, Colo.

L. C. SMITH (Visible)

TYPEWRITERS SOLD

California Wine Ass'n . . 12
Viaoi Company 10

W. & J. Sloane & Co.
Cal. Safe Tieposil & Trust Co.
Union Trust Bank . . . .
Qoldherg, Bowen & Co. . .

9
8
6
5
50

WRITE FOR PARTICULARS TO

L. & M. ALEXANDER & CO.

1820 FILLMORE ST. Telephone Wal 6288

BRANCHES : Los Anse'.M Ponland Seattle

A FIVE ACRE

Petaluma ego Ranch

PROVES A BETTER INVESTMENT
A MORE PLEASUREABLE PURSUIT

MAKES MORE MONEY THAN ANY OTHER COAST |

. ATTRACTION

WE DO WHAT WE SAY WE DO

■0

•

AND ARE ON HAND WITH THE GOODS

(9
B

Our lists comprise a number of

Good Buys for People with Limit-

^ 0

ed Means, who can farm in Cali-

2
O

fornia soil with less liability, more

sure results and in almost perpetual
sunshine.

■

I 0
> ni

Petaluma Egg Farms are situated
at the seat of demand — the best

o
z

S 3
>

Market in the world is at your

door.

Our prices are astonishingly low

and Terms Reasonable.

Establuhed 1884. We publish the Petaluma Land Journal.
It will interest you— free, if you write for it.

POULTRY RAISING

Is most profitable at Petaluma, Calif. Many are making
$200 per month and over on 5 acres with poultry alone.
Try it and be convinced. We have a good list to select from

A Few Special Bargains

$2250— Valley Heights; 3.27 acres, hieh, rolling, sandy soil, com-
manding fine view, new, 4 R. cottage, barn, incubator and
brooder house and bldgs. and runs for 1 000 hens, room for
2000. This plant when fully stocked will pay $200 net per
month. Can he bought now on terms <^ $730 cash and bal. as
you make it. No. 1871.

$2000— 7 acres ad), city limits; wooded hillside, sloping to the east;
house, bam, well and poultry bldgs; $300 cash and easy
terms. No. 1861.

$3500--An ideal home and poultry ranch, 5 acres 2 miles out; sandy
soil, best near Petaluma. new, modem, 5 R cottage, bath room,
pantry and closets, ample out bldgs., room and runs for 2000
hens; $1000 cash, bal. 6 per cent.; should net owner $230
per month. No. 1552.

$3000"3.94 acres near Petaluma. rich, sandy soil. 1 acre orchard, fine
garden, new 4 R cottage, porcelain bath, patent toilet, while
enameled sink in pantry, hot and cold running water in house
and to out bldgs., barn and poultry bldgs. Fine location and
good neighbors; a fine home and money maker. No. 1870.

W^rite for our
Sonoma County Bargains, Book P, a large free list.

J. W. HORN CO.

812 Main Street, Petaluma, California

15 Years' Experience at Petaluma

Please mention The Pandex when wrttlnK to AdvertUers.

860

THE PANDEX

THE STORK AT MADRID.

-Chicago Inter-Ocean.

One From the Gallery.

"James Bryce, the Brit-
ish Ambassador," said a
Chicag'oan, ' ' crossed with
me on the Oceanic, and
on the promenade deck one
morning, the talk turning
to Napoleon, he told me an
amusing story.

"He said that in Paris,
during the Napoleonic
craze of some years back,
he attended a Napoleon
play at the Odeon.

"In this play one act
hinged on the birth of the
little King of Rome. If
the child was a girl one
cannon shot was to be
fired; if a boy, two shots.

"Well, on the night in
question a cannon shot
rolled forth, and there en-
sued a long silence on the
stage.

" 'It is a girl,' said Jos-
ephine, tensely.

"But just then a second
shot was heard, and the
empress cried :

" 'No, a boy, a boy!'

"Now, though, through
some error, a third cannon
shot thundered forth. In
the awkward pause that
followed a gamin in the
gallery shouted :

"Parbleu, it's trip-
lets.' " — Washington Star.

Baker — How long have
you had that horrid dys-
pepsia 1

Barker — I inherited my
fortune in 1900.— Life.

No Assistance.

"Help! Help!"

The cry of anguish arose from Wall Street.

"What's the matter?" asked a kindly execu-
tive, pausing in the midst of a game of tennis.

"Matter enough," continued the voice, with a
tremolo. "I've been selling what I didn't have
and buying what I couldn't pay for."

"Well, of all the mollycoddles!" exclaimed the
executive, resuming play. — Philadelphia Ledger.

Audience Ready to Help.

At a representation of Schiller's "Don Carlos"
in Belgrade Theater, the pistol with which Don
Carlos should have shot the Marquis de Posa re-
fused to go off and the discomfited actors fled
behind the curtain.

Offers of loaded weapons were at once made by
several members of the audience. — London
Express.

THE P AND EX

861

' WHAT DO YOU THINK OF THIS?

A BEAUTIFUL TOP DESK

ONLY $2T.OO

^ This includes shipment by freight to any part of California.

Roll and flat top desks, for ordinary or typewriter use; Standing Desks, double
and single, from 4 to 8 feet; tables to match; complete line of oflicc chairs
and stools; any of the above in solid mahogany, birch mahogany, quarter
sawed or golden oak or weathered oak. All prices. Correspondence solicited

PHOENIX DESK AND CHAIR CO.

Ed. M. Moore. President and Manager. Ed. H. Prentice. Secretary and Treasurer
1538 Market Street* San Francisco

■

IP J

T^O you need Stationery or Printing?

Call or write to

INGRIM BROS.

STATIONERS & PRINTERS

3244 Mission St., San Francisco

=RECIPE=^=

For Making

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Mapleine can be purchased at Grocers, or
direct from the

CRESCENT MANUFACTURING CO.

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A 2 oz. Bottle {3Sc) is Sufficient to Make
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C. W. EVANS, C. M. E.

Gold and Copper Mines

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Bought and Sold

Dealer in OREGON INVESTMENT SECURITIES

Best References

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PHONE MAIN 3001

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Write for full infonnalion
503 Commonwealth Bldg. PORTLAND, ORE.

Please BieBtiaa Tke Pa>dex vrhea rrwtUmg t» Adrertlaera.

862

THE P A N D E X

The CYNTHIA

and ANNEX

A New Three-
Story Fire - Proof
Apartment House

Fronting the Ocean, the new
Pleasure Pier and Pavilion, in
the Heart of this City, within
a stone's throw of the Bath
House and Beach. : : : :

Suite and Single Room
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26 Apartments of 4 Rooms
5 " "3 "

5 " "2 "

10 Single Rooms

Applications for Apartments Address

P. O. BOX 214

LONG BEACH, CALirORINIA

Home Phone 24, or Sunset 2151

The Ideal Place
in Which to Live

The Comforls of Hotel Life
Combined with Exonomy of
Living at Home. : : : :

ELEGANTLY
FURNISHED
THROUGHOUT

Every Apartment Steam
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Every Modern Convenience.

Spacious verandas and roof
garden, with beautiful view
over the country, Sierra Madre
Mountains, the whole beach
from Huntington Beach to San
Pedro with new breakwater and
Catalina Island.

A/Snri LEA/N

Dr. Morrow's Anti-Lean ^A
makes Lean people Fat

Our theory is to make them fat through
the nervous system. All lean people are
neurotics to a great extent, with a rapid
heart action. Anti-Lean quiets down
their nervousness and heart action, pro-
duces a natural and normal sleep, increases
their appetite and tones up and invigorates
their digestive organs so they will digest
and assimilate their food without any pre-digestion ;
it also regulates the bowels. This is nature's way
of making lean people fat. Each bottle contains a
month's treatment and costs $1.50. will soon be on sale at all
druEitores. Prepared by the Anti-Lean Medicine Co., Okkgonian
Bldg.. Portland. Oregon.

ANXl LEAN

mmmidmmmmMh

ESTABLISHED /SaS

^3,000,000.'^

, PAID /N CAPITAL Zl RESERVE

San Francisco, Cal.

BEHNKE-WALKER

Portland's Leading

BUSINESS COLLEGE

Elks Building

Portland, Ore.

The Qualified Man is Not Retired in Old Age
But he is Able to Retire at an Early Age.

QEE to it that when your time comes to retire you will be the one to determine it, not your firm.
The Behnke- Walker Business College prepares men and women for business success. A large
proportion of Northwest business houses apply to this college for competent employes. There
are twice as many applicants as there are graduates to fill the places, and our enrollment is ex-
tremely heavy — 786 up to date this year. Applications from business men, 580; placed in good
positions, 245. School is open the year round — day and evening classes — handsome catalog on
request.

We Will Place You in a Good Position When Gjmpetent.

H. W. BEHNKE

I. M. WALKER

PRESIDENT

PRINCIPAL

PRESS OF. THE CALKINS PUBLISHING HOUSE

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